Flameproofing and extinguishing agents

Abstract

To provide a flameproofing agent capable of improving the flameproofness of an object such as wood, cloth or paper by coating or impregnating the object with the flameproofing agent.SOLUTION: An aqueous solution containing 10% by weight to 30% by weight of a phosphorus-based compound, 3% by weight to 5% by weight of ammonia, 1% by weight to 5% by weight of an amine, 3% by weight to 12% by weight of a hydroxide, 1% by weight to 5% by weight of titanium dioxide, and 0.5% by weight to 1.5% by weight of a surfactant, the aqueous solution being capable of imparting high flameproof properties to an object such as wood, cloth, or paper. It can also be used as a fire extinguishing agent.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a flame retardant or fire extinguishing agent, in particular to a transparent, environmentally friendly flame retardant or fire extinguishing agent. [Background technology]

[0002] Conventionally, a known method for imparting flame retardancy to synthetic fibers and the like through post-processing involves the use of a flame retardant prepared by dispersing a halogen-based compound, typically a brominated cycloalkane such as 1,2,5,6,9,10-hexabromocyclododecane, in water using a dispersant.

[0003] However, when such synthetic fibers are burned, harmful halogenated gases are generated, which have a detrimental effect on the natural environment, etc. Therefore, the use of such halogenated compounds as flame retardants is restricted.

[0004] In light of this, various flame retardants have been proposed. For example, Patent Document 1 proposes a halogen-free inorganic flame retardant containing modified rehydrated red mud (MR2S) having a mineral composition of 10% to 50% by weight of iron compounds, 12% to 35% by weight of aluminum compounds, 5% to 17% by weight of silicon compounds, 2% to 21% by weight of TiO2, and 0.5% to 6% by weight of calcium compounds, wherein the iron compounds have a ratio of hydroxides and hydrated oxides greater than or equal to 50% by weight, preferably greater than or equal to 80% by weight, relative to the ratio of oxides of the iron compounds, and the aluminum compounds have a ratio of hydroxides and hydrated oxides greater than or equal to 50% by weight, preferably greater than or equal to 80% by weight, relative to the ratio of oxides of the aluminum compounds.

[0005] In modern society, various new architectural and decorative materials have emerged with the development of modern times. However, wood has its own unique and excellent properties, and its surface finish gives it a special and beautiful appearance that is incomparable to other decorative materials. Therefore, wood maintains an important position in construction engineering, especially in the decorative field. Wood also has advantages such as humidity control, noise reduction, and low thermal conductivity.

[0006] However, wood is composed of cellulose and is highly flammable. Studies have shown that a wooden building can reach temperatures of 500°C within five minutes of a fire starting, and 700°C within 10 minutes. Once a fire reaches its intense stage, such a fire becomes difficult to extinguish.

[0007] Therefore, fire prevention treatment of wood is an important issue that concerns the safety of people's lives and property. By reducing the combustion performance of wood, the burning rate and amount of smoke generated can be reduced, preventing the outbreak of fire and securing valuable time in the early stages of a fire, which can be used to evacuate personnel, quickly control the fire, and extinguish it.

[0008] Currently, most of the water-based wood fire retardants on the market use water-soluble ammonium polyphosphate or ammonium polyphosphate type I with a low degree of polymerization. These fire retardants are environmentally friendly and have excellent fire retardant properties, making them widely used. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0009] [Patent Document 1] Special Publication No. 2014-518902 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0010] However, conventional flame retardants have a problem in that when they are applied to or impregnated into an object and allowed to dry, the color of the surface of the object changes.

[0011] Furthermore, conventional flame retardants, such as water-soluble ammonium polyphosphate or ammonium polyphosphate type I, have the problem that when they are applied to or impregnated into an object, the substance that provides the flame retardancy to the object migrates into the object or precipitates on the surface. In particular, in a humid environment (e.g., humidity of 60% or higher), the substance that provides the flame retardancy to the object is more likely to migrate into the object or precipitate on the surface. Furthermore, repeated use of conventional flame retardants increases the viscosity of the flame retardant.

[0012] In view of the above circumstances, an object of the present invention is to provide a flame retardant which is transparent and can impart sufficient flame retardancy.

[0013] In particular, when the object is wood, the flame retardant of the present invention can prevent the migration and precipitation of the active ingredient (a substance that imparts flame retardancy to the object) in the flame retardant, thereby suppressing efflorescence. Furthermore, in a humid environment (e.g., humidity of 60% or higher), the substance that imparts flame retardancy to the object can be prevented from migrating and precipitating within the object or in a humid environment. As a result, the flame retardant effect is maintained without impairing the aesthetic appearance of the wood.

[0014] These problems (issues) do not preclude the existence of other problems. Furthermore, each aspect of the present invention described below does not necessarily solve all of these problems (issues). Furthermore, other problems (issues) may be identified from the description of the specification, drawings, or claims. [Means for solving the problem]

[0015] The inventors of the present invention have continued to conduct extensive research into the above-mentioned problems and have discovered the following revolutionary flame retardant.

[0016] A first aspect of the present invention for solving the above problems is a flame retardant characterized by being an aqueous solution containing 10% by weight to 30% by weight of a phosphorus-based compound, 3% by weight to 5% by weight of ammonia, 1% by weight to 5% by weight of an amine, 3% by weight to 12% by weight of a hydroxide, 1% by weight to 5% by weight of titanium dioxide, and 0.5% by weight to 1.5% by weight of a surfactant.

[0017] According to the first aspect, the flame retardant of this aspect can be applied to or impregnated into an object such as wood, cloth, or paper, thereby improving the flame retardancy of the object. Furthermore, the flame retardant of this aspect is easy to manufacture and use, and can be effectively applied to flame retardant processing of objects including wood. Here, "flame retardant" differs from non-combustible and simply refers to the property of being difficult to burn.

[0018] A second aspect of the present invention is the flame retardant according to the first aspect, characterized in that the surfactant is sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate.

[0019] According to the second aspect, the surface tension between the flame retardant of this aspect and the wood-containing object is reduced, and the flame retardant can easily penetrate into the object, thereby ensuring sufficient penetration of the flame retardant into the object and ensuring the flame retardant effect.

[0020] A third aspect of the present invention is the flame retardant according to the first aspect, characterized in that the phosphorus-based compound is one or more substances selected from the group consisting of 1-hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonic acid, aminotrimethylenephosphonic acid, 2-phosphonobutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid, and ethylenediaminetetramethylenephosphonic acid.

[0021] According to the third aspect, the flame retardant of this aspect is a transparent aqueous solution, so by applying or impregnating the object with the flame retardant, the flame retardancy of the object can be improved without affecting the color of the surface of the object. Furthermore, the flame retardant of this aspect does not contain any substances that put a burden on the environment, so it is environmentally friendly and does not put a burden on the environment.

[0022] A fourth aspect of the present invention is the flame retardant according to the first aspect, characterized in that the amine is a compound in which one or more hydrogen atoms in an ammonia molecule are substituted with a hydrocarbon group.

[0023] According to the fourth aspect, the amine group is a strong polar group, and therefore the interfacial interaction between the flame retardant and wood can be increased.

[0024] A fifth aspect of the present invention is the flame retardant according to the first aspect, characterized in that the amine is one or more substances selected from the group consisting of methylamine, dimethylamine, trimethylamine, ethylamine, diethylamine, ethylenediamine, 1,2-propanediamine, 1,3-propanediamine, triethylenediamine, ethanolamine, polyethyleneimine, 1,4-butadieneamine, triethanolamine, N,N-diisopropylethyldiamine, tetramethylethylenediamine, hexamethylenediamine, aniline and catecholamine.

[0025] According to the fifth aspect, the interfacial interaction between the flame retardant and wood can be further increased.

[0026] A sixth aspect of the present invention is the flame retardant according to any one of the first to fifth aspects, characterized in that the hydroxide is one or more substances selected from the group consisting of sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, barium hydroxide, and lithium hydroxide.

[0027] According to the sixth aspect, sufficient water molecules are secured in the flame retardant, so that the increase in viscosity due to repeated use of the flame retardant solution is eliminated, and an increase in solution concentration and a decrease in permeability are prevented.

[0028] A seventh aspect of the present invention is the flame retardant according to the first aspect, characterized in that the titanium dioxide has an average particle size of 1 nm to 50 nm.

[0029] According to the seventh aspect, the generation of smoke and harmful gases generated when an object is burned can be suppressed, improving the fire resistance of the fire retardant. Furthermore, the stability of the fire retardant in outdoor environments can be enhanced, extending its service life. Furthermore, because the average particle size of titanium dioxide is 50 nm or less, it can be uniformly dispersed in objects, including wood, without affecting the surface color of the object, ensuring flame retardancy while maintaining aesthetic appearance when applied.

[0030] An eighth aspect of the present invention is the flame retardant according to the first aspect, wherein the phosphorus-based compound is aminotrimethylenephosphonic acid or 1-hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonic acid, the amine is trimethylamine, aniline or catecholamine, and the hydroxide is sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide or magnesium hydroxide.

[0031] According to the eighth aspect, by applying or impregnating the flame retardant according to this aspect to an object, the flame retardancy of the object can be improved without affecting the surface color of the object. Furthermore, the flame retardant of the present invention does not contain any substances that burden the environment, and is therefore environmentally friendly. Furthermore, the flame retardant of the present invention is easier to manufacture, easier to use, and more effectively applicable to flame retardant treatment of objects including wood.

[0032] A ninth aspect of the present invention is a method for using a flame retardant, characterized in that the flame retardant according to the first aspect is used on wood.

[0033] Here, wood refers to wood that is used as a material for construction, crafts, pulp, etc. According to the ninth aspect of the present invention, flame retardancy can be imparted without causing efflorescence.

[0034] A tenth aspect of the present invention is a fire extinguishing agent characterized by being an aqueous solution containing 10% by weight to 50% by weight of a phosphorus-based compound, 3% by weight to 10% by weight of ammonia, 1% by weight to 5% by weight of an amine, 1% by weight to 5% by weight of a hydroxide, 0.5% by weight to 5% by weight of titanium dioxide, and 0.5% by weight to 2% by weight of a surfactant.

[0035] Here, "fire extinguishing agent" refers to a substance used for the purpose of extinguishing a fire.

[0036] According to the first aspect, the fire can be extinguished by spraying the fire extinguishing agent according to this aspect onto a burning object. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0037] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a table showing the results of the flame retardancy evaluation in Test 1. [Figure 2] FIG. 2 is a series of photographs showing the state of fire spreading over time through a nonwoven fabric partially impregnated with the flame retardant of Example 1 and dried. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0038] DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, an embodiment of the flame retardant according to the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the following embodiment.

[0039] (Embodiment 1) The flame retardant of the present invention is a transparent aqueous solution containing 10% to 50% by weight of a phosphorus-based compound, 3% to 10% by weight of ammonia, 1% to 5% by weight of an amine, 1% to 5% by weight of a hydroxide, 0.5% to 5% by weight of titanium dioxide, and 0.5% to 2% by weight of a surfactant. Because the flame retardant of the present invention is a transparent aqueous solution, it can be applied to or impregnated into objects such as wood, cloth, and paper to improve the flame retardancy of the object without affecting the surface color of the object. Furthermore, the flame retardant of the present invention does not contain any substances that burden the environment, making it environmentally friendly. Furthermore, the flame retardant of the present invention is easy to manufacture and use, and can be effectively applied to flame retardant treatment of objects, including wood.

[0040] Next, the substances contained in the flame retardant of this embodiment will be described. First, the phosphorus-based compound is not particularly limited as long as it is a compound containing phosphorus. Examples of phosphorus-based compounds include 1-hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonic acid, aminotrimethylenephosphonic acid, 2-phosphonobutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid, and ethylenediaminetetramethylenephosphonic acid, and one or more of these may be used.

[0041] The weight proportion of the phosphorus-based compound (the weight proportion of the phosphorus-based compound relative to the total weight of the phosphorus-based compound, ammonia, amine, hydroxide, titanium dioxide, and surfactant) is not particularly limited as long as it is in the range of 10% by weight to 50% by weight, but is preferably in the range of 25% by weight to 45% by weight, and more preferably in the range of 30% by weight to 40% by weight.

[0042] The weight ratio of ammonia (the ratio of the weight of ammonia to the total weight of the phosphorus compound, ammonia, amine, hydroxide, titanium dioxide, and surfactant) is not particularly limited as long as it is in the range of 3% by weight to 10% by weight, but is preferably in the range of 5% by weight to 10% by weight, and more preferably in the range of 7% by weight to 10% by weight.

[0043] By adding ammonia, the pH value of the flame retardant can be adjusted to the range of 6 to 8, which prevents deterioration of wood when immersed in the flame retardant. In addition, flame retardants with a pH value in the range of 6 to 8 do not corrode manufacturing equipment, so they can be manufactured using standard equipment.

[0044] The amine is not particularly limited as long as it is a compound in which one or more hydrogen atoms in an ammonia molecule are substituted with an alkyl group. Examples of the amine include methylamine, dimethylamine, trimethylamine, ethylamine, diethylamine, triethylamine, ethylenediamine, 1,2-propanediamine, 1,3-propanediamine, triethyldiamine, and ethanolamine. , polyethyleneimine, 1,4-butanediamine, triethanolamine (Trolamine), N,N-diisopropylethylamine, tetramethylethylenediamine (N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine), hexamethylenediamine (1,6-diaminohexane), aniline, and catecholamine, and one or more of these may be used.

[0045] The weight proportion of the amine (the proportion of the weight of the amine relative to the total weight of the phosphorus compound, ammonia, amine, hydroxide, titanium dioxide, and surfactant) is not particularly limited as long as it is in the range of 1 to 5% by weight, but is preferably in the range of 2 to 4% by weight, and more preferably in the range of 2.5 to 3.5% by weight.

[0046] By adding amines, amine groups are introduced into the flame retardant. Amine groups are strong polar groups, which increase the interfacial interaction between the flame retardant and wood. As a result, migration resistance between the flame retardant and wood-containing objects is improved (preventing the flame retardant components from migrating to the wood-containing object), preventing the precipitation of ammonium phosphate, the active ingredient in the flame retardant, and ultimately suppressing efflorescence.

[0047] The hydroxide is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, barium hydroxide, and lithium hydroxide, and one or more of these may be used.

[0048] The weight proportion of the hydroxide (the proportion of the weight of the hydroxide relative to the total weight of the phosphorus compound, ammonia, amine, hydroxide, titanium dioxide, and surfactant) is not particularly limited as long as it is in the range of 1 to 5% by weight, but is preferably in the range of 1 to 4% by weight, and more preferably in the range of 1.5 to 3% by weight.

[0049] The addition of hydroxides introduces hydroxyl groups into the flame retardant. This ensures sufficient water molecules in the flame retardant, eliminating the increase in viscosity that occurs with repeated use of the flame retardant solution and preventing an increase in solution concentration and a decrease in permeability. This results in energy savings and reduced consumption. Furthermore, hydroxides melt or decompose at high temperatures, absorbing some of the heat, thereby lowering the surface temperature of objects, including wood, and improving the flame retardant effect.

[0050] The titanium dioxide is not particularly limited as long as it has an average particle size in the range of 1 nm to 50 nm, but the range of 1 nm to 30 nm is preferred, and the range of 1 nm to 20 nm is particularly preferred. The average particle size can be measured by laser diffraction or the like.

[0051] The weight proportion of titanium dioxide (the proportion of the weight of titanium dioxide relative to the total weight of the phosphorus compound, ammonia, amine, hydroxide, titanium dioxide, and surfactant) is not particularly limited as long as it is in the range of 0.5 to 5% by weight, but is preferably in the range of 0.5 to 2% by weight, and more preferably in the range of 0.5 to 1% by weight.

[0052] The addition of titanium dioxide suppresses the generation of smoke and harmful gases generated when wood-containing objects are burned, improving the fire resistance of fire retardants. Titanium dioxide also has excellent weather resistance, strengthening the stability of fire retardants in outdoor environments and extending their service life. Furthermore, because titanium dioxide's average particle size is less than 50 nm, it disperses evenly throughout wood-containing objects, without affecting the surface color, ensuring flame retardancy while maintaining aesthetic appeal.

[0053] The surfactant is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate.

[0054] The weight proportion of the surfactant (the weight proportion of the surfactant relative to the total weight of the phosphorus compound, ammonia, amine, hydroxide, titanium dioxide, and surfactant) is not particularly limited as long as it is in the range of 0.5 to 2% by weight, but is preferably in the range of 0.5 to 1.5% by weight, and more preferably in the range of 0.5 to 1% by weight.

[0055] For example, by adding sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, the surface tension between the flame retardant according to this embodiment and an object containing wood is reduced, allowing the flame retardant to penetrate more easily into the object. As a result, it is ensured that the flame retardant penetrates sufficiently into the object, ensuring the flame retardant effect.

[0056] The flame retardant may contain substances other than those mentioned above.

[0057] Next, a method for producing the flame retardant according to the present invention will be described. First, each substance is weighed out so as to obtain the weight ratio described above. Regarding ammonia, the weight ratio is adjusted based on the concentration and weight of commercially available ammonia water.

[0058] Next, a phosphorus compound and an amine are dissolved in water to prepare an aqueous solution of a phosphorus compound and an aqueous solution of an amine. After that, ammonia water is added to the aqueous solution of the phosphorus compound to cause a reaction, and then the solution is cooled to room temperature (20°C to 25°C). Then, titanium dioxide, hydroxide, and a surfactant are added and mixed to obtain the flame retardant of the present invention. Example 1

[0059] 7500 g of a 50 wt% aqueous solution of amino acid trimethylene phosphonic acid (ATMP) was placed in a reactor, and 4250 g of a 25 wt% aqueous ammonia was added. The mixture was mixed and allowed to react thoroughly, after which the reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature. Next, 350 g of ethylenediamine, 250 g of sodium hydroxide, 75 g of titanium dioxide, and 75 g of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate were added to the reaction mixture and stirred to obtain 12500 g of a flame retardant. The flame retardant obtained in this example was composed of an aqueous solution containing ATMP, ammonia, ethylenediamine, titanium dioxide, and sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate. <Example 2>

[0060] 7500g of 61wt% 1-hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonic acid (HEDP) aqueous solution was placed in a reactor, and 4500g of 25wt% ammonia water was added. The mixture was mixed and allowed to react thoroughly, then cooled to room temperature. 350g of trimethylamine, 250g of potassium hydroxide, 75g of titanium dioxide, and 75g of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate were then added to the reaction mixture and stirred to yield 12750g of flame retardant. The flame retardant obtained in this example was composed of an aqueous solution containing HEDP, ammonia, trimethylamine, potassium hydroxide, titanium dioxide, and sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate. Example 3

[0061] 7500 g of a 50 wt% aqueous solution of amino acid trimethylene phosphonic acid (ATMP) was placed in a reactor, and 4250 g of a 25 wt% aqueous ammonia was added. The mixture was mixed and allowed to react thoroughly, then cooled to room temperature. 200 g of aniline, 150 g of catecholamine, 125 g of aluminum hydroxide, 125 g of magnesium hydroxide, 75 g of titanium dioxide, and 75 g of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate were then added to the reaction mixture and stirred to obtain 12425 g of flame retardant. The flame retardant obtained in this example was composed of an aqueous solution containing ATMP, ammonia, aniline, catecholamine, aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, titanium dioxide, and sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate. Example 4

[0062] As in Example 1, 8,850 g of a 21 wt% aqueous solution of 1-hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonic acid (HEDP) was placed in a reactor, and 3,125 g of 28 wt% aqueous ammonia was added. After mixing and allowing the mixture to react thoroughly, the reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature. Next, 250 g of methylamine, 125 g of calcium hydroxide, 75 g of titanium dioxide, and 75 g of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate were added to the reaction mixture and stirred to obtain 12,500 g of a flame retardant. <Example 5>

[0063] As in Example 1, 1563 g of a 20 wt% aqueous solution of 1-hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonic acid (HEDP) was placed in a reactor, and 7500 g of 25 wt% aqueous ammonia was added. After mixing and allowing the mixture to react thoroughly, the reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature. Next, 1875 g of methylamine, 1250 g of sodium hydroxide, 25 g of titanium dioxide, and 187 g of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate were added to the reaction mixture and stirred to obtain 12,500 g of a flame retardant. Example 6

[0064] As in Example 1, 7500 g of a 50 wt% aqueous solution of 2-phosphonobutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid (PBTC) was placed in a reactor, 4250 g of a 28 wt% aqueous ammonia was added, and the mixture was thoroughly reacted. The reaction mixture was then cooled to room temperature. Next, 350 g of N,N-diisopropylethylamine, 250 g of sodium hydroxide, 75 g of titanium dioxide, and 75 g of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate were added to the reaction mixture and stirred to obtain 12500 g of a flame retardant. Example 7

[0065] As in Example 1, 7,500 g of a 50 wt% aqueous solution of ethylenediaminetetramethylenephosphonic acid (EDTMP) was placed in a reactor, 4,250 g of a 28 wt% aqueous ammonia was added, and the mixture was thoroughly reacted. The reaction mixture was then cooled to room temperature. 350 g of triethanolamine, 250 g of sodium hydroxide, 75 g of titanium dioxide, and 75 g of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate were then added to the reaction mixture and stirred to obtain 12,500 g of a flame retardant. <Comparative Example 1>

[0066] In Comparative Example 1, the sodium hydroxide in Example 1 was replaced with an equivalent mass of water, and the production method was the same as in Example 1. <Comparative Example 2>

[0067] In Comparative Example 2, the ethylenediamine in Example 1 was replaced with an equivalent mass of water, and the production method was the same as in Example 1. <Comparative Example 3>

[0068] In Comparative Example 3, the titanium dioxide in Example 1 was replaced with an equivalent mass of water, and the production method was the same as in Example 1. <Comparative Example 4>

[0069] In Comparative Example 4, the sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate in Example 1 was replaced with an equivalent mass of water, and the production method was the same as in Example 1. <Comparative Example 5>

[0070] 7500 g of an aqueous solution of amino acid trimethylene phosphonic acid (ATMP) with a concentration of 50% by weight was placed in a reaction vessel, and 4000 g of aqueous ammonia with a concentration of 25% by weight was added thereto. After mixing and allowing to react sufficiently, the reaction solution was cooled to room temperature to obtain 11500 g of an aqueous solution. <<Implementation Method>>

[0071] First, the surface of the wood was pre-treated to remove dust and other impurities, and then the wood surface was dried.Then, using the immersion method, the wood was immersed in the flame retardant prepared in the example so that it was fully absorbed, and then the wood was removed and allowed to dry naturally for at least two days. <<Test 1>>

[0072] (Efflorescence evaluation) A cedar board test piece measuring 100mm x 100mm and 20mm thick is placed in a constant temperature and humidity box at a temperature of (23±2)℃ and a relative humidity of (50±5)%, left to stand until the mass becomes constant, and then dried in a drying box at (50±2)℃ for 4 hours.

[0073] Next, the test piece is immersed in the flame retardant prepared in the example in advance for 2 hours, and then placed in a constant temperature and humidity box at a temperature of (23±2)°C and a relative humidity of (50±5)%. After holding the box until the mass becomes constant, the test piece is dried in a drying box at (50±2)°C for 4 hours.

[0074] Finally, the treated specimens were placed in a constant temperature and humidity chamber at a temperature of (40±2)°C and a relative humidity of (80±5)% for 24 hours to absorb moisture, and then dried in a dryer at 60°C for 24 hours. The condition of the wood surface was then observed. The results are shown in Figure 1.

[0075] (Flame retardancy evaluation) According to ISO 5660-1, cedar boards with dimensions of 100mm x 100mm and thickness of 20mm were prepared and immersed in a flame retardant solution. The flame retardant-treated cedar boards were subjected to a 20-minute pyrotechnic test to evaluate their flame retardancy. As a result, it was found that Examples 1 to 3 had flame retardancy.

[0076] As shown in Figure 1, compared to an aqueous solution containing only a phosphorus compound and ammonia, the flame retardant of Example 1-3 containing 2 wt% to 4 wt% amine did not cause efflorescence when impregnated into wood, and in a cone calorimeter heat generation test, its flame retardant performance was equivalent to that of non-combustible materials, and it was found that the total heat generation could be significantly reduced.

[0077] Comparing Comparative Example 1 with Example 1, it was found that the total calorific value could be further suppressed by adding hydroxide.

[0078] Comparing Example 1 with Comparative Example 2, it was found that a flame retardant containing a certain proportion of amine can suppress the occurrence of efflorescence.

[0079] Comparing Comparative Example 3 with Example 1, it was found that the addition of titanium dioxide can indirectly suppress the total amount of heat generated by combustion. This is thought to be because titanium dioxide forms a physical barrier that blocks the propagation of combustion, thereby reducing the amount of heat generated during combustion.

[0080] Comparing Comparative Example 4 with Example 1, it was found that the addition of a surfactant indirectly suppresses the total heat generation. This is thought to be because the surfactant promotes the penetration of the flame retardant, increases the amount of effective flame retardant components in the wood, and reduces the heat generation during combustion.

[0081] Analysis of the results of Comparative Example 5 revealed that this flame retardant contains only a phosphorus compound and ammonia, but does not contain an amine, hydroxide, or surfactant, and therefore cannot suppress efflorescence. Furthermore, the flame retardant of Comparative Example 5 was found to have a significantly higher total calorific value than the flame retardants of Examples 1 to 3. <<Test 2>>

[0082] The flame retardant of Example 1 was applied to the top and center of an A4-sized nonwoven fabric (manufactured by Wenzhou Superchen Nonwoven Technology Co., Ltd.) using a spray bottle and left for 2 hours. The lower right edge of the nonwoven fabric was then set on fire, and the spread of the fire was observed. The changes in the state are shown in chronological order in Figures 2(a) to 2(e).

[0083] As can be seen from these figures, the nonwoven fabric burned from the center to the lower end, where the flame retardant of Example 1 was not applied, but the fire did not spread from the upper end to the center, where the flame retardant of Example 1 was applied. In other words, it was found that the flame retardancy could be significantly improved by applying the flame retardant of Example 1.

[0084] (Other aspects) The flame retardants mentioned above are also fire extinguishing agents. By applying (spraying, spraying, etc.) the flame retardants (fire extinguishing agents) to a burning object (object on fire), the fire can be extinguished.

Claims

1. 10% to 50% by weight of a phosphorus-based compound; 3% to 10% by weight of ammonia; 1% to 5% by weight of an amine; 1% to 5% by weight of hydroxide; 0.5% to 5% by weight of titanium dioxide; 0.5% to 2% by weight of a surfactant; A flame retardant characterized by being an aqueous solution containing

2. 2. The flame retardant according to claim 1, wherein the surfactant is sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate.

3. The phosphorus-based compound is one or more substances selected from the group consisting of 1-hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonic acid, aminotrimethylenephosphonic acid, 2-phosphonobutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid, and ethylenediaminetetramethylenephosphonic acid; The flame retardant according to claim 1 .

4. The amine is a compound in which one or more hydrogen atoms in an ammonia molecule are substituted with a hydrocarbon group. The flame retardant according to claim 1 .

5. The amine is one or more substances selected from the group consisting of methylamine, dimethylamine, trimethylamine, ethylamine, diethylamine, ethylenediamine, 1,2-propanediamine, 1,3-propanediamine, triethylenediamine, ethanolamine, polyethyleneimine, 1,4-butadieneamine, triethanolamine, N,N-diisopropylethyldiamine, tetramethylethylenediamine, hexamethylenediamine, aniline, and catecholamines; The flame retardant according to claim 1 .

6. The hydroxide is one or more substances selected from the group consisting of sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, barium hydroxide and lithium hydroxide; The flame retardant according to any one of claims 1 to 5.

7. 2. The flame retardant according to claim 1, wherein the titanium dioxide has an average particle size of 1 nm to 50 nm.

8. The phosphorus-based compound is aminotrimethylenephosphonic acid or 1-hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonic acid, the amine is trimethylamine, aniline or a catecholamine; The hydroxide is sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide or magnesium hydroxide. The flame retardant according to claim 1 .

9. A method for using a flame retardant, comprising applying the flame retardant according to claim 1 to wood.

10. 10% to 50% by weight of a phosphorus-based compound; 3% to 10% by weight of ammonia; 1% to 5% by weight of an amine; 1% to 5% by weight of hydroxide; 0.5% to 5% by weight of titanium dioxide; 0.5% to 2% by weight of a surfactant; A fire extinguishing agent characterized by being an aqueous solution containing

Images