Method for cultivating olive trees by solar sharing

Abstract

In order to achieve olive cultivation in solar sharing, it is necessary to optimize the installation conditions of the solar panel in order to adjust the sunshine effect of sunlight, which is essential for the growth of olives.SOLUTION: The method for cultivating the olive tree using the electric power selling by the solar panel is characterized by dwarfing and cultivating the olive tree, arranging the solar panel on the tree, adjusting the shading rate of the solar panel in the range of ≥ 20% and ≤ 60%, and arranging the solar panel and the potted olive tree in parallel in the south-north direction.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to an olive tree cultivation method using solar sharing, which takes economic efficiency into consideration, by achieving both the sale of solar-generated electricity and the yield of olive tree cultivation. [Background technology]

[0002] The solar sharing business for fruit cultivation (also known as "agricultural solar power generation") has been attracting attention as a new social system for stabilizing agriculture to sustain the environmental recycling society of the SDGs by balancing the use of energy from solar power generation with the use of farmland for farming, thereby making effective use of land, diversifying income sources, and reducing environmental impact. However, the following problems have been pointed out. That is, 1. Because fruit trees grow tall and large, it is difficult to grow large solar panels (hereafter referred to as panels). In order to implement solar sharing, it is essential to establish dwarf cultivation techniques for fruit trees. 2. Technical issues regarding the optimal installation conditions for panels, such as adjusting the sunlight intensity required for fruit tree growth, have not been established. 3 The emphasis on solar sharing's solar power generation business, which sells electricity, has been pointed out as causing environmental destruction and the risk of disasters.

[0003] As a method for promoting the growth of olive trees, Patent Document 1 describes the need to optimize environmental conditions (temperature, light, wind, irrigation, fertilization, and tree placement) to increase olive fruit yields, while Patent Document 2 describes the structure of the light-transmitting parts of solar panels, and Patent Document 3 describes a method for utilizing and controlling the light intensity and wavelength of sunlight to promote plant flowering at low cost, but neither method makes solar sharing for olive trees a reality.

[0004] Recently, a solar sharing test example (under conditions of 34% shading) combining solar power generation with olive trees has been introduced, but no evaluation of the olive tree's growth status or economic effects has been reported, and the outcome is unknown. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0005] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2013-158270 [Patent Document 2] Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2018-82133 [Patent Document 3] Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2019-106955 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0006] The present invention was made in consideration of these problems, and its primary objective is to provide a method for cultivating olive trees that more than doubles the total electricity selling price and the economic value generated by dwarf olive trees by limiting the shading rate of solar panels to a range of 20-60%. The second purpose is to use the potted plants as a way to adjust the amount of sunlight depending on the installation conditions of the solar panel. The olive trees are planted in a north-south orientation to accommodate changes in the amount of sunlight. The aim is to provide a step. [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] In order to solve the problems of the present invention, extensive research was carried out and the following findings were obtained. In other words, the growth of olive trees is closely related to the intensity of sunlight, and In the solar power system, if the shading rate of the solar equipment is too high, the growth of the olive trees will be hindered. The amount of sunlight needed for long-term cultivation is insufficient, resulting in a decrease in olive yields. Therefore, there is a possibility that the amount of electricity generated by the solar panel will decrease and the income from selling electricity will decrease. We found that there is an optimal range of shading rate that is not the shading rate. discovered that the effect of sunlight varies depending on the intensity and time of day, By arranging potted olive trees in a north-south direction as a means of adjusting the strength, We have discovered a method to adjust the amount of sunlight depending on the amount of sunlight. In other words, the shading rate of the solar panel should be in the range of 20 to 60%, preferably 40 to 50%. By limiting the number of dwarf olive trees, the price of electricity sold and the economic value of the dwarf olive trees will be reduced. The total amount of olive oil produced was more than double that of conventional methods. The value is not only the selling price of the harvested olives, but also the price of the dwarfed olive trees. This also includes the sale of cuttings taken during the selection process for various purposes.

[0008] The shading rate explained in this invention is the ratio of the number of solar panels installed to the area of ​​the olive orchard. This represents the ratio of the installation area to the total area of ​​the cultivated field. If panels are installed over the entire surface of a leaf orchard, sunlight will be blocked and will not reach the area at all. Since there is no solar panel installed in the cultivation field, the shading rate is set to 100%. Furthermore, the dwarf cultivation described in this invention is not intended to be a method of cultivating plants using solar shearing. In this method, the trees are grown in a low height, and pruning management is carried out to prevent a decrease in yield. This is a method to devise work management. Working on tall trees in farmland is especially difficult for the elderly. This is one of the reasons for the sharp decline in the number of people working in this field, and the dwarf cultivation work that is carried out at low heights is also a cause of the sudden decline in the number of people working in this field. Cultivation is beneficial.

[0009] In carrying out olive cultivation using solar shelling in the present invention, The height of the solar panel rack is usually around 2 to 3 meters, which is low for plants to be grown under panels. The minimum requirement is to make the plant lignified and dwarf it. Also, sunlight is not necessary for plant growth. The shading rate differs depending on the panel installation conditions and the olive tree placement method, so adjusting the shading rate, i.e., controlling the sunlight intensity, is the most important factor.

[0010] According to the findings of this researcher, the shading rate range of 20-30% is sufficient for olive growth. It is possible to maintain a relatively high level of power generation while ensuring sufficient sunlight, but the It is observed that the olive yield tends to decrease when the shading rate increases to 100%. As the rate of growth increases, the rate of growth varies depending on the olive variety and cultivation method. It has been confirmed that:

[0011] Figure 1 shows the correlation between the shading rate and the amount of solar power generated and the olive harvest. FIG. The right vertical axis in Figure 1 shows the solar power sales revenue, and the left vertical axis shows the olive sales revenue, with a relative value of 100. In other words, a shading rate of 0% is the same as if no solar panels were installed. The shading rate of 100% is set as the rate when solar panels are installed over the entire top surface of the olive cultivation field. 100% of the sunlight is blocked, meaning that the olive cultivation fields are in the shade. is. In short, increasing the shading rate means increasing the number of power generation panels installed above the cultivation field. The amount of power generated increases and the amount of power sold increases, but on the other hand, the amount of light blocked by the power generation panel (shaded area) This will increase the risk of olive trees growing poorly. According to previous research results, when the shading rate is 30% or more, the number of power generating panels increases. The power generation efficiency improves rapidly, but the yield of olives starts to decrease. If the temperature rises above 100%, the amount of sunlight will decrease dramatically, causing a sharp decline in olive harvest. From these relationships, the first objective, solar sharing of Olive, The optimum range of shading rate is required to obtain economic benefits as a farming business that is compatible with agriculture. It can be determined that it is necessary to adjust the range of 20% to 60%.

[0012] Generally, it is said that there is a light saturation point in the relationship between plant growth and light energy. It is known that the light saturation point is the point at which light intensity exceeds a certain level when plants are photosynthesizing. When the light intensity exceeds a certain point, the rate of photosynthesis becomes saturated. The light saturation point indicates the state where the plant no longer requires the optimum light energy intensity. are important indicators of healthy growth in different conditions and are important for understanding plant physiological characteristics. It is a fundamental concept.

[0013] When the light saturation point is exceeded, the photosynthetic rate no longer increases, which has an adverse effect on plant growth and productivity. In high light environments, the light saturation point is exceeded and excessive light becomes a stress for plants. The light saturation point and shading rate have a direct effect on plant photosynthesis. It is important to understand the effect of shading on the photosynthetic rate and growth of plants and manage it appropriately. This allows for healthy plant growth and maximized yields.

[0014] It is thought that there is a close relationship between the light saturation point and the shading rate. When the shading rate is low, many plants grow. It receives a lot of light, and even if it exceeds the light saturation point, plants can obtain enough light energy. The photosynthetic rate may be maximized. Different plant species have different sensitivity to photosynthesis. The optimum light conditions vary, and the maximum photosynthetic rate and light saturation point differ depending on the growth stage. Environmental conditions such as light intensity, temperature, and moisture can change the light saturation point. To determine the rate, the type of plant and the growing environment must be taken into consideration, and seasonal changes and growth stages must be taken into account. Therefore, it is essential to adjust the so-called shading rate.

[0015] Variations in olive yield were observed at shading rates of around 30%. The shading rate can be adjusted by widening or narrowing the area of ​​the panel's shadow that falls on the ground. It is considered to be equivalent to the above, and can be adjusted by changing the height and angle of the panels or the spacing between the panels. In particular, it is possible to understand the correlation between olive yield and shading rate (effect of shading). In order to grasp the results, the panel installation interval was changed and the olive growth rate under each condition was investigated. The optimum range can be determined by evaluating the growth rate. Ensure there is sufficient space between the solar panels to avoid shading the olive trees. If you place it in this position, you will get enough sunlight even during times when the shadows are long (early morning and evening). become.

[0016] Here, a method for adjusting the light blocking rate will be described. It is difficult to adjust the shading rate according to seasonal changes and growth stages, but this can be solved by making use of the following methods. Shading, which involves the movement of sunlit areas between solar panels and shaded areas (shadows) caused by solar panels The rate needs to be adjusted, and the movement of this shaded area (shadow) needs to be taken into account when designing panels and olive trees. Layout planning is important. For example, possible panel arrangements include alternating arrangement, row arrangement, and cluster arrangement. The shaded areas (shadows) must be simulated so that the olives receive sunlight evenly. Olive trees are also healthy through the selection of shade-tolerant varieties and regular pruning. It may be possible to achieve efficient power generation while maintaining the same level of efficiency.

[0017] Here we will introduce an example of how to consider the panel placement direction. Regarding the installation conditions of solar panels (installation direction, panel height, angle), olive cultivation The solar panels are oriented to maximize sunlight while also This is very important to ensure that the plant has enough light to grow. The general direction of installation of solar panels in solar sharing is north-south. Examples include east-west and diagonal orientations. If you are installing solar panels facing north-south, make sure they face south to receive the most sunlight during the day. It receives the most light, so it is possible to obtain the maximum power generation efficiency, and olive This has the advantage of minimizing the impact of panel shadows on fruit trees. It is said that it is important for olive trees to receive sufficient light, especially in the morning and afternoon. Therefore, a south-facing panel placement is most preferable.

[0018] By installing the solar panel facing east-west, you can get an even distribution of light and reduce shadow shift. This allows the olive tree to receive a balanced amount of light throughout the day. However, the amount of power generated may fluctuate throughout the day, and there may be differences in the amount of power generated in the morning and afternoon. While the amount of electricity increases, the amount of electricity generated at the peak time of noon is lower than that of the south-facing direction. If the device is placed at an angle (for example, facing southeast or southwest), it may be necessary to avoid shadows at certain times of the day. This allows olive trees to have sufficient light, but maintenance and cultivation management are difficult. To fall down.

[0019] Regarding the spacing of the panels, ensure that the solar panels are spaced far enough apart to avoid the olive trees. It is desirable to avoid blocking the light necessary for the projector. If the panels are too close together, shadows will appear. The impact could become significant and impede the growth of olive trees. It is also necessary to plan the placement of the panels taking into account the space required for the olive trees to grow. It is especially important to ensure that young trees receive sufficient light.

[0020] One way to adjust the shading rate is to space the solar panels at regular intervals. By providing a certain distance between the solar panels, the concentration of shadows can be reduced. This can be avoided, allowing the olive trees to receive more sunlight.

[0021] The height and angle of the panels should be adjusted to match the final height of the olive trees. The height of the panel can be adjusted to prevent the panel from casting a shadow on the top of the olive. It is better not to make the tree too tall. The angle of the panels should be adjusted according to the position of the sun in each season. The power generation efficiency changes as the fluctuations change, so the power generation efficiency and light distribution are optimized. It is preferable to adjust the angle of the panel. Recently, it has been automatically adjusted according to the intensity of the sunlight. Although this is possible, the equipment costs are high. In any case, it is desirable to devise a way to ensure sufficient sunlight for olive growth. In order to achieve both sustainable farming and power generation, it is necessary to set up solar panels. Optimizing the conditions is essential.

[0022] The amount of sunlight irradiated onto the ground by the panel and the shaded area (panel shadow) depend on the panel installation direction and time. The direction and size of the panel shadow varies depending on the band. The position and size of the shadow change with time. That will definitely change. Considering that the amount of sunlight received by olive trees changes due to the shift in shadow, It would be ideal if the placement of fruit trees could be adjusted to suit the amount of sunlight, but in reality, this is not feasible due to the cost. It is difficult. It is important to consider that the amount of sunlight received by the olive trees changes as the shade of the panels moves. It is important to consider the location of olive trees (hereinafter referred to as the location pattern) carefully. do.

[0023] The placement pattern refers to how the placement of the olive trees changes in response to the shifting of the panel shadow. This expresses how the following corresponds: The olive trees are potted to allow for movement in order to accommodate any arrangement pattern. This is a method of growing crops through planting and cultivation to improve the yield of agricultural operations.

[0024] There are three possible arrangement patterns for the panels and olives. The first is an alternating layout, where solar panels and olive trees are alternately placed. This method avoids the shadow of the panel being concentrated in one place, and allows the olive to shine brightly in the daytime. This allows olive trees to receive sunlight evenly through the shade, allowing them to grow in a steady stream as the shade shifts. This has the advantage of helping to prevent lack of sunlight as it receives sunlight. The second method is a row arrangement pattern, where solar panels are arranged in rows, This is an arrangement pattern with rows of olive trees between them. In this case, the rows of panels and the rows of olive trees are aligned parallel to each other, creating a shadow shift. It is thought that this will make it possible to minimize the impact of This placement creates predictable shadow patterns, allowing the olives to shine throughout the day. This allows for balanced sunlight exposure, and reduces the burden of maintenance and harvesting work. It is thought that... The third method is a layout pattern called cluster layout, in which solar panels are arranged in a cluster. This method involves grouping them together in a star shape and placing olive trees between them. In this method, by grouping the panels into clusters, we can avoid the concentration of shadows and One possible benefit is that panel maintenance will be simplified. In particular, when sunlight is strong enough to exceed the light saturation point, potted olive trees This is an effective means for preventing a decrease in yield. [Effects of the Invention]

[0025] The cultivation method of the present invention provides the following effects. 1. Olive trees are planted densely using a dwarf cultivation method, and solar panels are installed in a north-south direction. By placing the solar panels in the same location, the shading rate can be reduced to approximately 0%. It is possible to start a farming business using this method. 2. In particular, in order to increase the yield of olive cultivation under the condition of 50% shading, it is necessary to Potted olive trees for adjusting sun and shade depending on the budding stage and season. The placement of the trees is beneficial. 3. The working environment for olive cultivation management will be improved under suitable conditions. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0026] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram showing the influence of the shading rate on the economical effect of the present invention. [Figure 2] Arrangement of solar panels and potted olive trees (shading rate 50%) MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

[0027] Example 1

[0028] Figure 2 shows an example of the layout of solar panels with a shading rate of 50% and potted olive trees. Regarding the size of solar panels, available specifications vary depending on the manufacturer. As an example, a size of 2060 x 1130 mm is The solar panels are arranged in two rows of six columns, and the width is adjusted according to the shading rate. The shading rate was determined by the ratio of the surface area of ​​the solar panels to the site area. Calculated using a volume ratio.

[0029] The relationship between olive tree growth and shading rate (solar illuminance) Olive trees are also known as sun plants that require constant sunlight. is affected by illuminance (light intensity) and sunlight duration. Regarding illuminance, there is a concept called light saturation point. is commonly used, but there is no information available about the light saturation point of the olive. Therefore, the following results were obtained using examples regarding the relationship between illuminance and growth, and the relationship between sunshine hours and growth. The results were fruitful. Relationship between sunlight hours and growth 1. Sunshine from sunrise to around 9:00 AM Growth rate is reduced by 5% compared to 0% shading. 2. Sunshine from 9:00 to 15:00 Growth rate is reduced by 85% compared to 0% shading. 3. Sunshine from 3 PM to 6 PM Growth rate is reduced by 10% compared to 0% shading. [Industrial Applicability]

[0030] The domestic olive solar sharing business utilizes solar energy and By combining agricultural land use with olive farming, the land can be used more effectively and a source of income can be achieved. New agriculture to sustain the SDGs' environmentally sustainable society, including diversification and reduction of environmental impact As a stabilizing social system, it is beneficial as a catalyst for promoting employment and revitalizing local areas.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating olive trees that also uses electricity sold by solar panels, This method for cultivating olive trees comprises dwarfing olive trees, arranging the solar panel on the trees, adjusting the shading rate of the solar panel to 20% or more and 60% or less, and arranging the panel in parallel with the dwarfing olive trees in pots.

2. The method for cultivating olive trees according to claim 1, wherein the panels and the dwarfed olive trees are arranged side by side in a north-south direction.

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