Construction methods

Abstract

To provide a construction method that can be applied in a general sense. [Solution] In this construction method, two spacing setting jigs 30 are used to install three or more main beams 12 in parallel. The spacing setting jig 30 is equipped with a profile 32 on which a scale 32b is provided in the extending direction, and stoppers 34 that can slide and fix to the profile 32 and are equal to or greater than the number of main beams 12. Each stopper 34 is slid to the position of the scale 32b that matches the spacing of the main beams 12 and fixed in place. After the first main beam 12A is installed in the reference position, the first main beam 12A and the second main beam 12B and the two spacing setting jigs 30 are temporarily fixed with the corresponding stoppers 34A and 34B in contact with the second main beam 12B and the first main beam 12, respectively. The third main beam 12B is installed by bringing it into contact with its corresponding stopper 34C.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a construction method for arranging a plurality of columns in parallel.

Background Art

[0002] For floor surfaces such as wood decks, a plurality of floor materials such as decking materials are laid side by side. The lower surfaces of these floor materials are supported by a plurality of large joists. The floor materials and the large joists are basically in a perpendicular direction. In order to lay the floor materials correctly, a plurality of large joists must be installed in parallel at appropriate intervals. In the structure described in Patent Document 1, a plurality of large joists are joined by connecting members in the perpendicular direction, and by improving the strength and aligning with the pitch indicated on the connecting members, each large joist can be installed in parallel.

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0003]

Patent Document 1

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0004] By the way, the interval between each large joist varies depending on the specifications of the wood deck, and furthermore, it may be uneven depending on the conditions of the construction site. The connecting members described in Patent Document 1 can be applied to a fixed pitch, but cannot be applied to different pitches or uneven pitch intervals. Also, when there is no particular need to improve the strength, providing connecting members is not preferable from the viewpoints of the number of parts and cost.

[0005] The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object thereof is to provide a construction method that can be generally applied.

Means for Solving the Problems

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned problems and achieve the objective, the present invention provides a construction method for installing three or more columns in parallel using two spacing setting jigs, wherein the spacing setting jig is equipped with a bar having a scale in the extending direction and stoppers that are slidable and fixable with respect to the bar and numbered in number greater than the number of columns, and the jig setting step is to slide each of the stoppers to a scale position that matches the spacing of the columns and fix them in place; after the first column at one end of the columns is installed at a reference position, the jig mounting step is to temporarily fix the first column and the second column and the two spacing setting jigs with the corresponding stoppers in contact with the second column at the other end of the columns and the first column, respectively; and the column parallel installation step is to position one or more third columns other than the first and second columns by bringing them into contact with the corresponding stoppers.

[0007] It can be applied universally regardless of the size of the object being constructed, the spacing and number of columns, and allows for the parallel installation of multiple columns. Furthermore, since the spacing setting jig is removed after construction, the number of parts does not increase. [Effects of the Invention]

[0008] The construction method according to the present invention is universally applicable regardless of the size of the object to be constructed, the spacing and number of columns, and allows for the parallel installation of multiple columns. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0009] [Figure 1] This is a partial cross-sectional perspective view of a wooden deck constructed by the construction method according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 2] This is a magnified perspective view of a portion of the wooden deck. [Figure 3] This is an overall view of the spacing setting jig. [Figure 4] This is a magnified perspective view of a portion of the spacing setting jig. [Figure 5] This is a magnified perspective view of a part of the gap setting jig. [Figure 6]This is an explanatory diagram showing how to set the first main beam to the reference position in the X direction using a gap setting jig. [Figure 7] This is an explanatory diagram showing how to set the first main beam to the reference position in the height direction using a gap setting jig. [Figure 8] This is a flowchart illustrating the construction method for a wooden deck using two spacing jigs and two gap setting jigs. [Figure 9] This is a schematic plan view showing how the first main beam is set to its reference position. [Figure 10] This is an explanatory diagram showing how to set the second main beam using a spacing setting jig. [Figure 11] This is a schematic perspective view showing how the main beam is positioned using a stopper. [Figure 12] This is a schematic perspective view showing a modified example in which the main beam is positioned using a stopper. [Figure 13] This is an explanatory diagram showing how to set the third main beam using a spacing setting jig. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0010] The following describes in detail an embodiment of the construction method according to the present invention, based on the drawings. However, this embodiment does not limit the present invention.

[0011] Figure 1 is a partial cross-sectional perspective view of a wood deck 10 constructed by a construction method according to an embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, the wood deck 10 is constructed along the exterior wall 102 of the building 100. In the following description, the direction perpendicular to the exterior wall 102 is defined as the X direction, the side closer to the building 100 is the X1 side, the side further away is the X2 side, and the direction perpendicular to the X direction and along the exterior wall 102 is defined as the Y direction. Directions are indicated by arrows as appropriate in each figure. In the building 100, the lower frame 104a of the sash 104 protrudes slightly from the exterior wall 102. In the lower part of the building 100, a flashing 106 protrudes slightly from the exterior wall 102.

[0012] The wooden deck 10 has four large braces (column bodies) 12 extending along the Y direction, a plurality of deck materials 14 laid on the upper surfaces of these large braces 12 and extending along the X direction, and side plates 16 covering the peripheries of these deck materials 14. The large braces 12 function as cross columns and are regarded as a kind of column bodies.

[0013] Each of the large braces 12 has three bundled columns 18 protruding downward. One of them is at the center of the large brace 12, and the other two are at positions slightly away from both ends of the large brace 12. Among the four large braces 12, the one on the X1 side is called the first large brace (first column body) 12A, the one on the X2 side is called the second large brace (second column body) 12B, and the other two are called the third large braces (third column bodies) 12C. The large braces 12A, 12B, and 12C are arranged in parallel and have the same position in the Y direction, but are unevenly spaced in the X direction due to construction site constraints. In this case, the interval between the large braces 12A to 12C is P1, the interval between the two large braces 12C is P2, and the interval between the large braces 12B to 12C is P1. P1≠P2. The interval between adjacent large braces 12 is determined by the specification with a lower limit value and an upper limit value, and is selected within this appropriate range. Also, the interval between the outer walls 102 and the large brace 12A is P0. In actual construction, the positions of the large braces 12A, 12B, and 12C are defined by the cumulative dimensions D0 to D3 based on the wall 102. Here, D0 = P0, D1 = D0 + P1, D2 = D1 + P2, and D3 = D2 + P1.

[0014] In this embodiment, each cumulative dimension D is based on the center position in the X direction of each large brace 12. The number of large braces 12 may be 3 or 4 or more depending on the X width of the wooden deck 10. The number of bundled columns 18 in one large brace 12 may be only two near both ends depending on the Y width of the wooden deck 10, or may be 4 or more.

[0015] Figure 2 is a partially enlarged perspective view of the wood deck 10. The bundled column 18 is in the shape of a square corner column and protrudes downward from the lower surface 12a of the ledger 12. The X widths of the ledger 12 and the bundled column 18 are equal, and the respective surfaces on the X1 side and the X2 side are continuous. The bundled column 18 is telescopically expandable and contractible with the lower second cylinder 18b fitting into the upper first cylinder 18a, and is fixed by a screw 18c. The lower end of the second cylinder 18b is fixed to the concrete foundation 20 by two fixing brackets 18d at opposing positions by an anchor 18e. The concrete foundation 20 corresponds to the ground.

[0016] The decking material 14 is composed of, for example, a recycled material mainly made of wood powder and plastic. A hollow portion is formed in the decking material 14 of this example. Grooves 14a are formed on both side surfaces of the decking material 14 in the Y direction. The decking material 14 is fixed to the upper surface 12b of the ledger 12 by a fixing bracket 22. The fixing bracket 22 has a part fitting into the opposing grooves 14a at the boundary of two decking materials 14, and a fixing piece 22a is fixed to the upper surface 12b by two screws 22b. Corresponding screw holes 12c are formed in the upper surface 12b.

[0017] The construction method according to this embodiment is performed using two spacing setting jigs 30 and two gap setting jigs 40. Figure 3 is an overall view of the spacing setting jig 30. Figure 4 is a partially enlarged perspective view of the spacing setting jig 30. The spacing setting jig 30 includes a shaped material (bar) 32 and a plurality of stoppers 34. The shaped material 32 is a high-strength metal material in the shape of a square (for example, about 3 cm × 3 cm) that is longer than the full X width of the wood deck 10 (for example, about 200 cm), and a scale 32b is provided along the entire X length on one side surface 32a. Four irregular grooves 32c are formed in the shaped material 32. The four surfaces of the shaped material 32 are flat except for the openings of the irregular grooves 32c. The four irregular grooves 32c each have a mushroom shape with a narrow opening for the upper and lower surfaces and both side surfaces of the shaped material 32 and a wider width toward the inside. Removable caps 35 are provided at both ends of the shaped material 32. The cap 35 is, for example, a screw-on type.

[0018] The stopper 34 has an upper piece 34a, a side piece 34b that bends downward at a 90-degree angle from one side of the upper piece 34a, and a bent portion 34c that bends in a rectangular U-shape midway along the side piece 34b. The upper piece 34a contacts the upper surface 32d of the profile 32. The X width of the stopper 34 is moderately long, and the upper piece 34a makes stable contact with the upper surface 32d. The bottom wall portion of the bent portion 34c contacts a point on the side surface 32a that avoids the scale markings 32b. The Y width of the side piece 34b is moderately long, about twice the width of the profile 32.

[0019] A slider piece 36 is inserted into the portion of the four irregular grooves 32c that opens to the upper surface 32d. A screw insertion hole is formed in the upper piece 34a, and the position of the stopper 34 is fixed when a wing bolt 38 passing through the screw insertion hole is screwed into the slider piece 36, and it can be slid in the X direction by loosening it.

[0020] The profile 32 is provided with four stoppers 34, the same number as the main beams 12, but the number can be increased or decreased by removing the caps 35, and basically it is sufficient to provide more than the number of main beams 12. Also, the orientation of the stoppers 34 is such that the upper piece 34a abuts against the upper surface 32d, but the orientation can be changed. In other words, the designation of the upper piece 34a is for explanatory convenience and does not necessarily mean that it is on the upper side. Similarly, when applying the spacing setting jig 30 to construction, the orientation of the profile 32 does not necessarily mean that the upper surface 32d is on the upper side. Of the four stoppers 34, the one closest to X1 is called the first stopper 34A, the one closest to X2 is called the second stopper 34B, and the other two are called the third stoppers 34C. In this embodiment, the X1 side of each stopper 34 is used as the positioning edge.

[0021] Figure 5 is a partially enlarged perspective view of the gap setting jig 40. The gap setting jig 40 comprises a relatively short profile (short bar) 32, a stopper 34, and a wall-retaining portion 42. The stopper 34 is the same as that in the spacing setting jig 30 and is slidable and fixable to the profile 32. The profile 32 in the gap setting jig 40 is shorter than that in the spacing setting jig 30, for example, about 20 cm. In the gap setting jig 40 as well, caps 35 are provided at both ends of the profile 32. The wall-retaining portion 42 is provided so as to intersect the X1 side end of the profile 32 at a right angle. The wall-retaining portion 42 is made of the same material as the profile 32 and is for example about 5 cm in length. The X1 side of the wall-retaining portion 42 is flush with the cap 35. The profile 32 and the wall-retaining portion 42 are joined by a triangular bracket 44. In this example, the protruding direction of the wall-contacting portion 42 and the protruding direction of the side piece 34b are perpendicular, but the orientation of the stopper 34 and the side piece 34b can be changed.

[0022] Figure 6 is an explanatory diagram showing how the first main beam 12A is set to a reference position in the X direction using the gap setting jig 40. Figure 7 is an explanatory diagram showing how the first main beam 12A is set to a reference position in the height direction using the gap setting jig 40. The first main beam 12A is to be set to a reference position relative to the building 100. The reference position of the first main beam 12A serves as the reference for the entire wood deck 10. The reference position in the X direction corresponds to the above-mentioned interval P0 (=D0), and is the position where a predetermined gap Gh is secured between the deck material 14 and the exterior wall 102 when the deck material 14 is installed on the main beam 12. The reference value in the height direction is shown by height H1 or H2 in Figure 7, and is the position where a predetermined gap Gv is secured between the deck material 14 and the lower frame 104a when the deck material 14 is installed on the main beam 12. Height H1 is based on the ground, and height H2 is based on the lower frame 104a. The gap Gh ensures a gap that prevents the thermal expansion of the deck material from pressing against the wall. The gap Gv is set to be moderately wide to prevent small foreign objects from getting caught. The Y-direction of the reference position is determined by the construction environment.

[0023] Figure 8 is a flowchart of the construction method for a wooden deck 10 using two spacing setting jigs 30 and two gap setting jigs 40. First, in step S1 (jig setting process), the two gap setting jigs 40 and the two spacing setting jigs 30 are set up.

[0024] The gap setting jig 40 is set by sliding and fixing the positioning edge, which is the X1 side end of the stopper 34, to match the spacing P0 (=D0) using the positioning surface (X1 side) of the wall contact portion 42 as a reference (see Figure 5). When setting the spacing setting jig 30, the first stopper 34A is set to the same scale as the wall-side jig 40. Furthermore, the second stopper 34B is slid and fixed so that the position of the corresponding main beam 12B matches dimension D3, and the third stopper 34C is slid and fixed so that the position of the corresponding main beam 12C matches dimensions D1 and D2 (see Figure 3). The spacing setting of each stopper 34 is aligned using the scale 32b. As described above, the center position in the X direction of each main beam 12 is the reference point, but the scale 32b when the main beam 12 is placed against the X1 side end of the stopper 34 is set to represent the dimension from the outer wall 102 to the X-direction center of the main beam 12. While setting the stopper 34 by the cumulative dimension D in this way can reduce the cumulative error, it is of course essentially the same as setting the spacing P between each main beam 12.

[0025] In step S2, marking is performed to set the Y-direction for the first main beam 12A. The marking line C (see Figure 9) should be aligned with, for example, the center of the sash 104 and perpendicular to the exterior wall 102. Note that the marking line C is the reference for the Y-direction of the first main beam 12A, and it is sufficient if it is the same length as or slightly longer than the interval P0 (=D0), and it is not necessary to mark the positions of the second main beam 12B and the third main beam 12C.

[0026] In conventional construction methods, a total of eight grid-like markings were required: five lines in the Y direction (102 for the exterior wall and four main beams) and three lines in the X direction (corresponding to the support posts). However, in this embodiment, only one short marking line C is needed.

[0027] In Step S3, the first main beam 12A is set to the reference position. Figure 9 is a schematic plan view showing how the first main beam 12A is set to its reference position. The first main beam 12A is set by adjusting its position using the marking line C in the Y direction, and by using two gap setting jigs 40 in the X direction. As shown in Figures 6 and 9, the gap setting jig 40 places the profile 32 on the upper surface of the first main beam 12A and brings the wall contact portion 42 into contact with the outer wall of the building. The positioning surface (X2 side) of the first main beam 12A is then set to contact the reference portion (X1 side edge) of the stopper 34.

[0028] The upper surface 12b of the first main beam 12A is where the deck material 14 is placed, and is suitable because the gap setting jig 40 does not interfere with the flashing 106. However, the location where the gap setting jig 40 is applied to the first main beam 12A is not limited to this. Also, in cases where there is no flashing 106 in the building 100, the spacing setting jig 30 may also serve as the gap setting jig 40. That is, as shown by the dashed line in Figure 4, the end of the profile 32 in the spacing setting jig 30 is provided with wall contact portions 42 protruding in one or two directions, and the first stopper 34A is set to a position that matches the spacing P0 (=D0) as shown in Figure 3. The wall contact portions 42 on the spacing setting jig 30 may be detachable. The gap setting jig 40 may be replaced with a ruler that can be made perpendicular to the wall 102.

[0029] To set the first main beam 12A to the reference position in the height direction, use an L-shaped ruler or similar tool to set it so that the height from the ground is H1. Alternatively, depending on the construction environment, a gap setting jig 40 may be used to set it, as shown in Figure 7. In this case, a different gap setting jig 40 may be used from the one used in the horizontal direction (one in which the profile 32 is somewhat longer than the height H1). The height adjustment of the first main beam 12A is performed by the extension and retraction function of the support post 18 as described above. After the first main beam 12A has been temporarily set to the reference position, check its level with a spirit level 46, make fine adjustments if necessary, and then anchor the support post 18 of the first main beam 12A.

[0030] In this embodiment, since the wood deck 10 is installed near the building 100, a process is required to secure gaps Gh and Gv with respect to the outer wall 102 and the lower frame 104a. However, if there is no building 100 near the wood deck 10, the gap setting jig 40 and the process using it are unnecessary.

[0031] Figure 10 is an explanatory diagram showing how the second main beam 12B is set using the spacing setting jig 30. Figure 11 is a schematic perspective view showing how the main beam 12 is positioned with the stopper 34. Figure 12 is a schematic perspective view showing a modified example of how the main beam 12 is positioned with the stopper 34.

[0032] In step S4 (fixture mounting process), the second main beam 12B is set using the spacing setting fixture 30. In this process, the spacing setting fixture 30 is temporarily fixed to the first main beam 12A and the second main beam 12B. This will be explained below.

[0033] First, the X1-side reference edge of the first stopper 34A in the spacing setting jig 30, which is oriented in the X direction, is brought into contact with the X2-side positioning surface of the first main beam 12A. At this time, as shown in Figure 11, the lower surface 12a of the main beam 12 is placed on the upper surface 32d of the profile 32, and the side surface 32a is brought into contact with the upper side surface of the support column 18. This is common to all main beams 12, and the main beams 12 are positioned so that each support column 18 is brought into contact with the same side surface 32a of the profile 32. This aligns the Y-direction position of each main beam 12, and the screw holes 12c (see Figure 2) are correctly aligned. The first main beam 12A and the profile 32 are temporarily fixed together with clamps 48.

[0034] Next, the reference edge of the second stopper 34B in the spacing setting jig 30 is brought into contact with the positioning surface of the second main beam 12B. This positions the second main beam 12B to the cumulative dimension D3. In this positioning operation, as shown in Figure 11, only a narrow area of ​​the edge of the upper piece 34a contacts the main beam 12, but a part of the upper piece 34a, the relatively long side piece 34b, and the bent portion 34c contact the support column 18. This is essentially equivalent to a fairly wide area 47, indicated by the dotted area connecting the tops of these parts, making contact and providing a stable positioning effect. Since the support column 18 forms the same plane as the main beam 12, the main beam 12 is stably positioned together with the support column 18.

[0035] In the modified example shown in Figure 12, the orientation of the stopper 34 is 90 degrees different from the example in Figure 11, and the dotted area 47 abuts against the side of the main beam 12. This example is effective when the X-widths of the support post 18 and the main beam 12 are different. In addition, the side piece 34b extends moderately long in the Y-direction, making it suitable for positioning in the X-direction.

[0036] The spacing setting jig 30 is provided near both ends of the second main beam 12B, so that the first main beam 12A and the second main beam 12B are parallel. The first main beam 12A and the profile 32 are temporarily fixed with clamps 48. The two profile 32 and the second main beam 12B are leveled using a spirit level 46, and the height of the support posts 18 is adjusted.

[0037] Furthermore, the second main beam 12B is finely adjusted in the Y direction so that the two diagonals L formed between the ends of the first main beam 12A and the second main beam 12B are equal. This step may be omitted if it is ensured that the spacing setting jig 30 is correctly oriented vertically to the outer wall 102 and the first main beam 12A. After this, the support posts 18 of the second main beam 12B are anchored in place.

[0038] Figure 13 is an explanatory diagram showing how the third main beam 12C is set using the spacing setting jig 30. In step S5 (parallel beam installation process), the remaining two third main beams 12C are installed by bringing them into contact with their respective third stoppers 34C. At this point, the two spacing setting jigs 30 are fixed, so the third main beams 12C only need to be placed on the flat top surface 32d of the profile 32 so that their sides contact the sides of the third stoppers 34C. In this way, the two third main beams 12C are positioned to the correct cumulative dimensions D1 and D2 and installed in parallel with the first main beam 12A and the second main beam 12B. Furthermore, by placing them on the profile 32, the height of the third main beams 12C is also correctly positioned, and the support posts 18 are extended until they reach the ground and anchored in place.

[0039] Next, in step S6, the clamps 48 and spacing jig 30 are removed from the main beam 12, the side boards 16 are attached, and the deck boards 14 are laid out.

[0040] This construction method using the spacing jig 30 is universally applicable regardless of the size of the wood deck 10 or the spacing and number of main beams 12, and allows for the parallel installation of multiple main beams 12. Furthermore, since the spacing jig 30 is removed after construction, the number of parts does not increase. In addition, the marking work basically only requires one short marking line C corresponding to the center line of the first main beam 12A, making construction easier.

[0041] The present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and can be freely modified without departing from the spirit of the invention.

[0042] The construction method according to this embodiment is a construction method for installing three or more columns in parallel using two spacing setting jigs, wherein the spacing setting jig is equipped with a bar having a scale in the extending direction and stoppers that are slidable and fixable with respect to the bar and are equal to or greater than the number of columns, and is characterized by comprising a jig setting step of sliding each of the stoppers to a scale position that matches the spacing of the columns and fixing them, a jig mounting step of temporarily fixing the first column and the second column and the two spacing setting jigs with the second column at the other end of the columns in contact with the first column and the second column at the other end of the columns, respectively with the corresponding stoppers, and a column parallel installation step of positioning one or more third columns other than the first and second columns by bringing them into contact with the corresponding stoppers.

[0043] According to this method, it can be applied universally regardless of the size of the object being constructed, the spacing and number of columns, and multiple columns can be installed in parallel. Furthermore, since the spacing setting jig is removed after construction, the number of parts does not increase.

[0044] The column may be a main beam and may rest on the flat upper surface of the bar.

[0045] The main beam may have support posts near both ends, and the main beam may be positioned such that the support posts abut against the same side surface of the bar.

[0046] The support posts are configured to be height-adjustable, and their height may be adjusted so that the main beam is horizontal.

[0047] A gap setting jig may be used, which includes a shorter bar with markings shorter than the aforementioned bar, and a wall-contacting portion that intersects the end of the shorter bar at a right angle. The first column body may then be positioned such that the gap between it and the outer wall is a predetermined value according to the markings on the shorter bar, with the wall-contacting portion of the gap setting jig in contact with the outer wall of the building. [Explanation of Symbols]

[0048] 10 Wood deck, 12 Main beam (column), 12A First main beam (first column), 12B Second main beam (second column), 12C Third main beam (third column), 14 Deck material, 18 Support post, 30 Spacing setting jig, 32 Shaped material (bar, short bar), 32b Scale, 34 Stopper, 34A First stopper, 34B Second stopper, 34C Third stopper, 40 Gap setting jig, 42 Wall support part, 100 Building, 102 Exterior wall

Claims

1. A construction method for installing three or more columns in parallel using two spacing jigs, The aforementioned spacing setting jig includes a bar with a scale in the extending direction, and stoppers that are slidable and fixable with respect to the bar, and are provided with a number of stoppers equal to or greater than the number of the columnar bodies. A jig setting step involves sliding each of the aforementioned stoppers to a scaled position that matches the spacing between the column bodies and then fixing them in place. After the first column at one end of the column is installed in a reference position, the jig installation step involves temporarily fixing the first column and the second column and the two spacing setting jigs while the corresponding stoppers are brought into contact with the second column at the other end of the column and the first column, respectively. A column parallel installation step involves positioning one or more third columns other than the first and second columns by bringing them into contact with the corresponding stoppers, A construction method characterized by having the following features.

2. The column is a main beam, which rests on the flat upper surface of the bar. The construction method according to feature 1.

3. The aforementioned main beam has support posts near both ends, The main beam is positioned so that the support post abuts against the same side surface of the bar. The construction method according to feature 2.

4. The support posts are configured to be height-adjustable, and the height of the support posts is adjusted so that the main beam is horizontal. The construction method according to feature 3.

5. Using a gap setting jig that includes a shorter bar with markings shorter than the aforementioned bar, and a wall-contacting portion that intersects the end of the shorter bar at a right angle, The first column is positioned such that the gap between it and the exterior wall is a predetermined value according to the scale on the short bar, with the wall contact portion of the gap setting jig in contact with the exterior wall of the building. The construction method according to feature 1.

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