Blood purification device

Abstract

To provide a blood purification device that simplifies the priming process. [Solution] When priming the blood purifier 120, the arterial air trap chamber 112, and the venous air trap chamber 114, the control unit performs a step of filling the entire blood purifier 120 with priming fluid 20. After this step, while maintaining the state in which the entire blood purifier 120 is filled with priming fluid 20, the control unit performs a step of adjusting the liquid level of the priming fluid 20 in the arterial air trap chamber 112. After this step, while maintaining the state in which the entire blood purifier 120 is filled with priming fluid 20 and the liquid level of the priming fluid 20 in the arterial air trap chamber 112 is adjusted, the control unit performs a step of adjusting the liquid level of the priming fluid 20 in the venous air trap chamber 114.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a blood purification device.

Background Art

[0002] Conventionally, in a blood purification device, so-called priming is performed before it is used. Priming is a process of removing foreign substances and air in the circuit by introducing and filling a priming liquid (generally physiological saline) into the blood circuit. As a document that discloses a blood purification device configured to automatically perform this priming, for example, there is Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2012-139405 (Patent Document 1).

[0003] In the blood purification device disclosed in Patent Document 1 above, first, the liquid level height of the priming liquid in the arterial side air trap chamber is adjusted. Next, after this adjustment is completed, the entire blood purifier is filled with the priming liquid. Next, after this filling is completed, the liquid level height of the priming liquid in the venous side air trap chamber is adjusted.

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0004]

Patent Document 1

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0005] Here, in the priming method disclosed in Patent Document 1 above, when filling the arterial side air trap chamber with the priming liquid in adjusting the liquid level height of the priming liquid in the arterial side air trap chamber, a phenomenon occurs in which a part of this priming liquid is drawn into the blood purifier.

[0006] The amount of priming fluid drawn into the blood purifier depends on the material and surface area of ​​the semipermeable membrane installed in the blood purifier. In other words, if the type of semipermeable membrane is changed, the amount of priming fluid drawn into the blood purifier will also change.

[0007] Therefore, in medical settings, in order to adjust the liquid level of the priming fluid in the arterial air trap chamber to the desired height, manual adjustment of this liquid level is sometimes performed after the automatic priming process described above, which results in a decrease in the efficiency of the priming process.

[0008] Therefore, the present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned points, and aims to provide a blood purification device that simplifies priming. [Means for solving the problem]

[0009] The blood purification device according to the present invention comprises a blood purifier, an arterial blood circuit, a venous blood circuit, a blood pump, an arterial air trap chamber, a priming fluid line, an arterial supply and exhaust line, an arterial air valve, a venous air trap chamber, a venous on / off valve, a venous supply and exhaust line, a venous air valve, and a control unit. The arterial blood circuit is connected to the blood purifier and is for supplying blood to the blood purifier. The venous blood circuit is connected to the blood purifier and is for draining blood from the blood purifier. The blood pump is provided in the arterial blood circuit and pumps blood. The arterial air trap chamber is provided in the arterial blood circuit. The priming fluid line is connected to the arterial blood circuit upstream of the blood pump and supplies priming fluid. The arterial supply and exhaust line is connected to the arterial air trap chamber. The arterial air valve is provided in the arterial supply and exhaust line and opens and closes the arterial supply and exhaust line. The venous air trap chamber is provided in the venous blood circuit. The venous on / off valve is provided in the venous blood circuit and opens and closes the venous blood circuit. The venous supply and exhaust line is connected to the venous air trap chamber. The venous air valve is provided in the venous supply and exhaust line and opens and closes the venous supply and exhaust line.

[0010] In the blood purification device according to the present invention described above, when priming the blood purifier, the arterial air trap chamber, and the venous air trap chamber, the control unit operates the blood pump with the arterial air valve and the venous air valve closed and the venous on-off valve open, thereby filling the entire blood purifier with the priming fluid. Furthermore, after filling the entire blood purifier with the priming fluid, the control unit operates the blood pump with the venous air valve closed and the blood pump running, while opening the arterial air valve and closing the venous on-off valve, thereby maintaining the state in which the entire blood purifier is filled with the priming fluid and adjusting the liquid level of the priming fluid in the arterial air trap chamber to a first height. Furthermore, the control unit performs the following steps: first, adjust the liquid level of the priming fluid in the arterial air trap chamber to the first height while maintaining the state in which the entire blood purifier is filled with the priming fluid; then, while keeping the venous on / off valve and operating the blood pump, close the arterial air valve and open the venous air valve, thereby adjusting the liquid level of the priming fluid in the venous air trap chamber to the second height while maintaining the state in which the entire blood purifier is filled with the priming fluid and the liquid level of the priming fluid in the arterial air trap chamber is adjusted to the first height.

[0011] In the blood purification device according to the present invention described above, when priming the blood purifier, the arterial air trap chamber, and the venous air trap chamber, the control unit may, prior to the step of filling the entire blood purifier with the priming fluid, operate the blood pump with the venous air valve and the venous on / off valve closed and the arterial air valve open, thereby storing the priming fluid in the arterial air trap chamber to form a liquid reservoir that enables gas-liquid separation of the priming fluid in the arterial air trap chamber. In this case, the liquid level of the liquid reservoir may be lower than the first height. [Effects of the Invention]

[0012] According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a blood purification device in which priming is simplified. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0013] [Figure 1] This is a circuit diagram showing the configuration of a blood purification device according to an embodiment. [Figure 2] This is a block diagram showing the electrical connection relationships between the control unit and each component in a blood purification device according to an embodiment. [Figure 3] This is a flowchart illustrating the priming method in a blood purification device according to an embodiment. [Figure 4] Figure 3 is a circuit diagram representing step S1. [Figure 5] Figure 3 is a circuit diagram representing step S2. [Figure 6] Figure 3 is a circuit diagram representing step S3. [Figure 7] Figure 3 is a circuit diagram representing step S4. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0014] Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings. In the embodiments described below, the same or common parts are denoted by the same reference numerals in the drawings, and their descriptions will not be repeated.

[0015] In the following description of embodiments, the blood purification device described will be a blood purification device used in continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). However, the blood purification device may also be a blood purification device used in any of the following methods: hemodiafiltration (HDF), hemodialysis (HD), hemofiltration (HF), intermittent infusion hemodiafiltration (I-HDF), continuous hemodiafiltration (CHDF), continuous hemofiltration (CHF), and continuous hemodialysis (CHD).

[0016] (Embodiment) Figure 1 is a circuit diagram showing the configuration of a blood purification device according to an embodiment. Figure 2 is a block diagram showing the electrical connection relationships between the control unit and each component in the blood purification device according to the embodiment. First, the configuration of the blood purification device 100 according to this embodiment will be described with reference to Figures 1 and 2.

[0017] As shown in FIG. 1, the blood purification device 100 according to the present embodiment includes a blood purifier 120, an arterial blood circuit 110, an arterial opening / closing valve 110v, a venous blood circuit 116, a venous opening / closing valve 116v, a blood pump 111, an arterial air trap chamber 112, an arterial air supply / discharge pipeline 117, an arterial air valve 117v, a venous air trap chamber 114, a venous air supply / discharge pipeline 118, a venous air valve 118v, a priming solution supply source 190, a priming solution pipeline 191, a valve 191v, and a control unit 1 (see FIG. 2 described later).

[0018] The blood purifier 120 includes, for example, a semipermeable membrane made of a hollow fiber membrane inside. The blood purifier 120 has a blood inlet 121 and a blood outlet 122. The arterial blood circuit 110 is connected to the blood inlet 121. The venous blood circuit 116 is connected to the blood outlet 122.

[0019] The arterial blood circuit 110 is provided with a blood pump 111 for sending out blood and an arterial opening / closing valve 110v for opening and closing the arterial blood circuit 110.

[0020] In the arterial blood circuit 110, an arterial air trap chamber 112 is provided between the blood pump 111 and the blood purifier 120. An arterial pressure measuring device 113 is provided in the arterial air trap chamber 112. The arterial pressure measuring device 113 measures the pressure in the arterial air trap chamber 112.

[0021] The blood collected from the patient's artery flows through the arterial blood circuit 110 and is measured for pressure when passing through the arterial air trap chamber 112, and then flows into the blood purifier 120 from the blood inlet 121. The arterial air trap chamber 112 is provided to prevent air from mixing into the blood in the arterial blood circuit 110.

[0022] An arterial side protective filter 117f is provided between the arterial side air trap chamber 112 and the arterial side pressure measuring device 113. The arterial side protective filter 117f has the function of preventing blood from flowing out of the blood circuit and the function of preventing infection from the pressure measuring device.

[0023] The arterial side supply and exhaust conduit 117 is connected to the arterial side air trap chamber 112 by being connected between the arterial side pressure measuring device 113 and the arterial side protective filter 117f. The arterial side supply and exhaust conduit 117 is provided with an arterial side air valve 117v for opening and closing the arterial side supply and exhaust conduit 117. The arterial side supply and exhaust conduit 117 is configured to be able to exhaust air from the arterial side air trap chamber 112 and to supply air into the arterial side air trap chamber 112.

[0024] A venous air trap chamber 114 is provided in the venous blood circuit 116. A venous pressure measuring device 115 is provided in the venous air trap chamber 114. The venous pressure measuring device 115 measures the pressure inside the venous air trap chamber 114.

[0025] After being purified by the blood purifier 120, the blood that flows out of the blood purifier 120 is returned to the patient's vein after its pressure is measured as it passes through the venous blood circuit 116 and the venous air trap chamber 114. The venous air trap chamber 114 is provided to prevent air from entering the blood in the venous blood circuit 116.

[0026] A venous protective filter 118f is provided between the venous air trap chamber 114 and the venous pressure measuring device 115. The venous protective filter 118f has the function of preventing blood from flowing out of the blood circuit and preventing infection from the pressure measuring device.

[0027] The venous blood circuit 116 is equipped with a venous on-off valve 116v that opens and closes the venous blood circuit 116. A bubble sensor 116s is integrated with the venous on-off valve 116v. The bubble sensor 116s detects bubbles in the venous blood circuit 116. For example, an ultrasonic sensor can be used as the bubble sensor 116s.

[0028] The venous supply and exhaust line 118 is connected to the venous air trap chamber 114 by being connected between the venous pressure measuring device 115 and the venous protective filter 118f. The venous supply and exhaust line 118 is provided with a venous air valve 118v for opening and closing the venous supply and exhaust line 118. The venous supply and exhaust line 118 is configured to be able to exhaust air from the venous air trap chamber 114 and to supply air into the venous air trap chamber 114.

[0029] The blood purifier 120 further has a dialysate inlet 123 and a drain outlet 124. A dialysate line (not shown) is connected to the dialysate inlet 123. A drain line (not shown) is connected to the drain outlet 124.

[0030] A priming fluid line 191 is connected to the arterial blood circuit 110 at a position upstream of the blood pump 111. More specifically, the priming fluid line 191 is connected between the arterial on / off valve 110v and the blood pump 111 in the arterial blood circuit 110.

[0031] The priming fluid conduit 191 supplies the priming fluid 20 stored in the priming fluid supply source 190 to the arterial blood circuit 110, the blood purifier 120, and the venous blood circuit 116. The priming fluid conduit 191 is equipped with a valve 191v for opening and closing the priming fluid conduit 191. Physiological saline solution or the like is used as the priming fluid 20.

[0032] As shown in Figure 2, the control unit 1 is electrically connected to the blood pump 111, the arterial on / off valve 110v, the venous on / off valve 116v, the arterial air valve 117v, the venous air valve 118v, the valve 191v, the arterial pressure measuring device 113, the venous pressure measuring device 115, and the bubble sensor 116s.

[0033] The control unit 1 receives the arterial pressure measurement value, which is the pressure inside the arterial air trap chamber 112 measured by the arterial pressure measuring device 113. The control unit 1 also receives the venous pressure measurement value, which is the pressure inside the venous air trap chamber 114 measured by the venous pressure measuring device 115. Furthermore, the control unit 1 receives information transmitted from the bubble sensor 116s regarding the presence or absence of bubbles in the venous blood circuit 116.

[0034] The control unit 1 has as its main components a CPU (Central Processing Unit) 2, a memory 3, and input / output devices (not shown) for inputting and outputting various signals. The control unit 1 controls the operation of the blood pump 111, the arterial on / off valve 110v, the venous on / off valve 116v, the arterial air valve 117v, the venous air valve 118v, and the valve 191v.

[0035] CPU2 is responsible for executing programs. Memory3 includes ROM (Read Only Memory) and RAM (Random Access Memory). ROM stores data non-volatilely. RAM stores data generated by the execution of programs by CPU2 volatilely.

[0036] Each component of the control unit 1 is connected to the others by a data bus. Processing in the CPU 2 is realized by each piece of hardware and software executed by the CPU 2. Such software is pre-stored in ROM / RAM. The control unit 1 is powered by an internal power supply (not shown) or an external power supply (not shown). For connection to the external power supply, for example, an AC adapter (not shown) is used.

[0037] Figure 3 is a flowchart illustrating the processing flow performed by the control unit during priming in the blood purification device according to this embodiment. Figures 4 to 7 are circuit diagrams showing each step shown in Figure 3. The priming method in the blood purification device 100 according to this embodiment will now be described with reference to Figures 3 to 7.

[0038] In this embodiment, the outlet portion of the venous blood circuit 116 may be placed, for example, in a separately provided drainage tank before each step of the priming method described below is carried out. In this case, the priming fluid 20 that passes downstream of the venous on-off valve 116v during the priming process described below is stored in this drainage tank.

[0039] As shown in Figures 3 and 4, when the blood purifier 120, arterial air trap chamber 112, and venous air trap chamber 114 are primed, first, priming fluid 20 is stored in the arterial air trap chamber 112 (step S1). This creates a liquid reservoir in the arterial air trap chamber 112 that enables gas-liquid separation of the priming fluid 20.

[0040] In detail, the control unit 1 operates the blood pump 111 with valve 191v open, arterial air valve 117v open, arterial on / off valve 110v closed, venous on / off valve 116v closed, and venous air valve 118v closed. As a result, a reservoir of priming fluid 20 is formed in the arterial air trap chamber 112.

[0041] Here, the liquid level (height H3) of this liquid reservoir is lower than the height H1 (see Figure 6) in step S3, which will be described later. In other words, the amount of priming fluid 20 stored in the arterial air trap chamber 112 in step S1 is less than the amount of priming fluid 20 filled in the arterial air trap chamber 112 in step S3. In this embodiment, height H1 corresponds to the first height.

[0042] Next, as shown in Figures 3 and 5, the entire blood purifier 120 is filled with priming fluid 20 (step S2).

[0043] In detail, the control unit 1 operates the blood pump 111 with valve 191v open, venous-side on / off valve 116v open, arterial-side on / off valve 110v closed, arterial-side air valve 117v closed, and venous-side air valve 118v closed. This maintains the state in which priming fluid 20 is stored in the arterial-side air trap chamber 112, while filling the entire blood purifier 120 with priming fluid 20. Based on the information transmitted from the bubble sensor 116s, the control unit 1 determines that the filling of the entire blood purifier 120 with priming fluid 20 is complete when it is determined that there are no bubbles in the venous-side blood circuit 116.

[0044] Next, as shown in Figures 3 and 6, the liquid level of the priming fluid 20 in the arterial air trap chamber 112 is adjusted to a height H1 (step S3).

[0045] In detail, the control unit 1 operates the blood pump 111 with valve 191v open, arterial air valve 117v open, arterial on / off valve 110v closed, venous on / off valve 116v closed, and venous air valve 118v closed. This maintains that the entire blood purifier 120 is filled with priming fluid 20, while adjusting the liquid level of the priming fluid 20 in the arterial air trap chamber 112 to height H1.

[0046] Height H1 coincides with the liquid level of the priming fluid 20 filled in the arterial air trap chamber 112 when priming is complete in the blood purification device 100. This liquid level is preset by the user before priming begins.

[0047] Next, as shown in Figures 3 and 7, the liquid level of the priming fluid 20 in the venous air trap chamber 114 is adjusted to a height H2 (step S4).

[0048] In detail, the control unit 1 operates the blood pump 111 with valve 191v open, venous air valve 118v open, arterial on-off valve 110v closed, arterial air valve 117v closed, and venous on-off valve 116v closed. This ensures that the entire blood purifier 120 is filled with priming fluid 20 and that the liquid level of the priming fluid 20 in the arterial air trap chamber 112 is adjusted to height H1, while the liquid level of the priming fluid 20 in the venous air trap chamber 114 is adjusted to height H2. In this embodiment, height H2 corresponds to the second height.

[0049] Height H2 coincides with the liquid level of the priming fluid 20 filled in the venous air trap chamber 114 when priming is complete in the blood purification device 100. This liquid level is preset by the user before priming begins.

[0050] By going through the steps S1 to S4 described above, the priming of the blood purifier 120, arterial air trap chamber 112, and venous air trap chamber 114 in the blood purification device 100 is completed.

[0051] In this embodiment, when priming is performed in the blood purification device 100, as described above, the entire blood purifier 120 is filled with priming fluid 20 (step S2) prior to adjusting the liquid level of the priming fluid 20 in the arterial air trap chamber 112 (step S3). Then, while maintaining the state in which the entire blood purifier 120 is filled with priming fluid 20, the liquid level of the priming fluid 20 in the arterial air trap chamber 112 is adjusted.

[0052] By configuring it in this way, when the liquid level of the priming fluid 20 in the arterial air trap chamber 112 is adjusted, it is possible to effectively suppress the fact that a portion of the priming fluid 20 filling the arterial air trap chamber 112 is drawn into the blood purifier 120.

[0053] As a result, in step S3, the liquid level of the priming fluid 20 in the arterial air trap chamber 112 is adjusted to the liquid level when priming in the blood purification device 100 is completed. Furthermore, after step S3, it becomes unnecessary for the user to manually readjust this liquid level.

[0054] Therefore, by configuring it as described above, it becomes possible to create a blood purification device 100 in which priming is simplified.

[0055] Furthermore, when priming is performed in the blood purification device 100 according to this embodiment, as described above, prior to filling the entire blood purifier 120 with priming fluid 20 (step S2), priming fluid 20 is stored in the arterial side air trap chamber 112 (step S1). Then, while the state in which priming fluid 20 is stored in the arterial side air trap chamber 112 is maintained, the entire blood purifier 120 is filled with priming fluid 20.

[0056] By configuring it in this way, it is possible to effectively suppress the entry of air into the blood purifier 120 when the priming fluid 20 is filled into the entire blood purifier 120.

[0057] In the blood purification device 100 according to the embodiment described above, the example given is that a bubble sensor 116s is attached to the venous side on-off valve 116v. However, the bubble sensor 116s is not necessarily attached to the venous side on-off valve 116v. Even in this case, for example, by checking the flow rate of the priming fluid 20 flowing through the blood circuit in advance during a leak check of the blood circuit performed before priming is carried out, the control unit 1 can determine that the filling of the entire blood purifier 120 with priming fluid 20 is complete when the priming fluid 20 has flowed at that flow rate in step S2.

[0058] (Other forms, etc.) The shape, configuration, size, number, material, etc., of each part shown in the embodiments of the present invention described above can be modified in various ways without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

[0059] Furthermore, the characteristic configurations shown in the embodiments of the present invention described above can naturally be combined with each other to the extent permitted in light of the spirit of the present invention.

[0060] Thus, the embodiments disclosed herein are illustrative in all respects and not restrictive. The technical scope of the present invention is defined by the claims and includes all modifications within the meaning and scope of equivalents to the claims. [Explanation of Symbols]

[0061] 1 Control unit, 2 CPU, 3 Memory, 20 Priming fluid, 100 Blood purification device, 110 Arterial blood circuit, 110v Arterial on / off valve, 111 Blood pump, 112 Arterial air trap chamber, 113 Arterial pressure measuring device, 114 Venous air trap chamber, 115 Venous pressure measuring device, 116 Venous blood circuit, 116s Bubble sensor, 116v Venous on / off valve, 117 Arterial supply / exhaust line, 117f Arterial protective filter, 117v Arterial air valve, 118 Venous supply / exhaust line, 118f Venous protective filter, 118v Venous air valve, 120 Blood purifier, 121 Blood inlet, 122 Blood outlet, 123 Dialysis fluid inlet, 124 Drain outlet, 190 Priming fluid supply source, 191 Priming fluid line, 191v valve.

Claims

1. A blood purifier, An arterial blood circuit connected to the blood purifier for supplying blood to the blood purifier, A venous blood circuit connected to the blood purifier for draining blood from the blood purifier, A blood pump is provided in the arterial blood circuit to pump blood, An arterial side air trap chamber provided in the arterial side blood circuit, A priming fluid conduit, which supplies priming fluid, is connected to the arterial blood circuit at a position upstream of the blood pump, The arterial side supply and exhaust pipe connected to the arterial side air trap chamber, An arterial side air valve is provided in the arterial side supply and exhaust pipeline and opens and closes the arterial side supply and exhaust pipeline, A venous air trap chamber provided in the venous blood circuit, A venous on / off valve is provided in the venous blood circuit and opens and closes the venous blood circuit, A venous supply and exhaust pipe connected to the venous air trap chamber, A venous air valve is provided in the venous supply and exhaust pipeline and opens and closes the venous supply and exhaust pipeline, It includes a control unit, When priming the blood purifier, the arterial air trap chamber, and the venous air trap chamber, the control unit, The process involves operating the blood pump with the arterial air valve and the venous air valve closed and the venous on / off valve open, thereby filling the entire blood purifier with the priming fluid. After the step of filling the entire blood purifier with the priming fluid, the step of closing the venous air valve and keeping the blood pump running, while opening the arterial air valve and closing the venous on / off valve, is performed to adjust the liquid level of the priming fluid in the arterial air trap chamber to a first height while maintaining the state in which the entire blood purifier is filled with the priming fluid. A blood purification device comprising the steps of: adjusting the liquid level of the priming fluid in the arterial air trap chamber to a first height while maintaining the state in which the entire blood purifier is filled with the priming fluid; closing the venous on / off valve and keeping the blood pump running, closing the arterial air valve and opening the venous air valve, thereby adjusting the liquid level of the priming fluid in the venous air trap chamber to a second height while maintaining the state in which the entire blood purifier is filled with the priming fluid and the liquid level of the priming fluid in the arterial air trap chamber is adjusted to a first height.

2. When priming the blood purifier, the arterial air trap chamber, and the venous air trap chamber, the control unit, prior to filling the entire blood purifier with the priming fluid, operates the blood pump with the venous air valve and the venous on / off valve closed and the arterial air valve open, thereby storing the priming fluid in the arterial air trap chamber to form a liquid reservoir that enables gas-liquid separation of the priming fluid within the arterial air trap chamber. The blood purification apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the liquid level of the liquid reservoir is lower than the first height.

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