Cellulose and semicellulose fibers and yarns embedded with mineral particles, and methods for producing them.

Abstract

The present invention provides a material that prevents radiation leakage from a heat-generating element. [Solution] A cellulose or semicellulose carrier material containing viscose; and an active fiber material comprising a plurality of mineral particles disposed within the cellulose or semicellulose carrier material, wherein the mineral particles constitute 1.25% to 10% by weight of the active fiber material, the mineral particles contain silicon carbide (SiC), calcium carbide (CaC2), or a mixture thereof, and the active fiber material exhibits an emission force difference of at least 0.25 mW / cm² compared to the baseline emission force difference of a placebo comparator. 2 An active fiber material is provided that results in an increase in the emission force difference. Specifically, the material interacts with electromagnetic radiation by absorption, reflection, refraction, deflection, or wavelength shifting. The fibers, yarns, fabrics, and other materials of this disclosure are useful in a variety of products, including upholstery for furniture decoration, sportswear, and fashion applications.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to fibers, yarns, fabrics, and other materials that interact with electromagnetic radiation.

Background Art

[0002] Humans as well as other organisms and substances emit electromagnetic radiation, for example in the form of heat or infrared rays. In certain situations, such as applications where it is desirable to maintain body heat or food temperature, it is desirable to retain this radiation. For example, food can reach a certain temperature once cooked, but this heat is often lost due to exposure to a colder temperature, such as the surrounding air. In another example, the human body is exposed to a colder temperature and infrared rays are lost through the epidermis. Materials are needed to prevent the leakage of radiation from heating elements.

Summary of the Invention

[0003] The present disclosure provides an active material comprising a plurality of mineral particles suspended, embedded, or otherwise incorporated in a cellulose or hemicellulose carrier material (such as viscose, modal, rayon, or lyocell). The active material is useful in the fiber industry.

[0004] Retaining infrared rays has beneficial properties, including maintaining a specific temperature, avoiding detection by infrared sensors, heat treating conduits and other building materials to prevent heat transfer, and supplying heat to prevent joint stiffness. Materials are needed to prevent the leakage of radiation from heating elements. Similarly, materials are needed to block radiation. Materials that are fully or partially renewable and / or supplied from renewable sources are also needed. Materials with a low or no carbon footprint are also needed.

[0005] The active materials of the present disclosure (e.g., fibers, yarns, and fabrics containing the active materials of the present disclosure) that exhibit interesting, useful, and beneficial properties increase tcPO2 compared to the baseline, result in an increased release ability compared to materials lacking the mineral particles of the present disclosure, and / or achieve an ash content test of more than 1.0%, and use a cellulose or hemicellulose carrier material derived from renewable and / or sustainable sources (such as bamboo). In some embodiments, the active material interacts with electromagnetic radiation by absorption, reflection, refraction, deflection, or wavelength shifting. In some embodiments, the active materials of the present disclosure absorb a greater amount of infrared radiation compared to materials made only of a carrier material with the same radiation source.

[0006] In some embodiments, the active material is a fibrous material ("active fibrous material") comprising a cellulose or hemicellulose carrier material and a plurality of mineral particles disposed within the carrier material. In another embodiment, the fibrous material is used to produce textiles, films, coatings, and / or protective or insulating materials.

[0007] In some embodiments, the cellulose or hemicellulose carrier material includes lyocell, modal, rayon, or viscose and mixtures thereof. In some embodiments, the cellulose or hemicellulose carrier material includes viscose.

[0008] In some embodiments, the mineral particles have an average particle size of less than about 2.0 μm.

[0009] In some embodiments, the active fibrous material of the present disclosure includes a cellulose or hemicellulose carrier material in which the plurality of mineral particles are selected from the group consisting of silicon carbide (SiC), calcium carbide (CaC2), titanium dioxide (TiO2), aluminum oxide (Al2O3), silicon dioxide (SiO2), zirconium oxide, quartz, boron, tourmaline, manganese, silica, carbon, citrine, carnelian, kaolin clay, lapis, and mixtures thereof.

[0010] In some embodiments, the disclosure provides an active fiber material in which mineral particles constitute about 1% to about 20% by weight of the fiber material. In some embodiments, the mineral particles constitute about 1.25% to about 10% by weight of the fiber material. In some embodiments, the mineral particles constitute about 5% by weight of the fiber material. In some embodiments, the mineral particles constitute about 10% by weight of the fiber material.

[0011] In one embodiment, the disclosure provides a method for producing an active material comprising the step of suspending a plurality of mineral particles in a carrier material. In some embodiments, the method for producing an active fiber material comprises the step of suspending a plurality of mineral particles in a cellulose or semicellulose carrier material to provide an active fiber material, wherein the mineral particles constitute about 1% to about 10% by weight of the fiber material. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0012] [Figure 1] This figure shows the active fiber material of the present disclosure, comprising viscose as a cellulose or semicellulose carrier material. The fiber in Figure 1A contains 5% by weight of mineral particles in the fiber material. This fiber type exhibits good spinning behavior and particle distribution characteristics. The fiber in Figure 1B contains 10% by weight of mineral particles in the fiber material. This fiber type exhibits good spinning behavior and particle distribution characteristics. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0013] The following terms are expected to be well understood by those skilled in the art, but their definitions are provided below to facilitate the explanation of the subject matter of this disclosure.

[0014] It should be understood that the terms used herein are for the purpose of describing specific embodiments only and are not intended to limit them.

[0015] Unless otherwise defined, all scientific and technical terms used herein have the same meanings as those normally understood by a person skilled in the art having ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs. Preferred methods, devices, and materials are described herein, but any methods and materials similar to or equivalent to those described herein may be used in the practice or testing of this disclosure. All references cited herein (including U.S. Patent Nos. 5,895,795 and 7,074,499 and U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2012 / 0156462) are incorporated by reference as a whole for all purposes.

[0016] In accordance with long-standing patent law convention, the terms “a,” “an,” and “the” refer to “one or more” when used in this application, including in the claims. Therefore, a reference to “carrier,” for example, includes one or more carriers, a mixture of two or more carriers, and so on.

[0017] Unless otherwise indicated, all numerical values ​​representing quantities of components, reaction conditions, etc., used herein and in the claims should be understood to be modified in all cases by the term “approximately.” Therefore, unless otherwise noted, the numerical parameters described herein and in the appended claims are approximations that can vary depending on the desired properties attempted to be obtained by this application. Generally, when referring to measurable values ​​such as quantities like weight, time, or dose, the term “approximately” herein is intended to encompass a variation from the specified quantity of ±15% or ±10% in one example, ±5% in another, ±1% in yet another, and ±0.1% in yet another, because such variation is suitable for performing the disclosed method.

[0018] Where a range of values ​​is described, unless the context makes it clear that it is not, each value that lies between the upper and lower limits of that range, up to one decimal place of the lower limit, and any other described or occupying values ​​within that described range are understood to be included in this disclosure. Depending on any particularly excluded limits within the described range, the upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may independently be included within those smaller ranges, and this is also included in this disclosure. Where a described range includes one or both limits, ranges that exclude one or both of those included limits are also included in this disclosure. Where a list of values ​​is provided, it is understood that the range between any two values ​​in the list is also intended to be an additional embodiment that is included within the scope of this disclosure. Unless the context makes it clear that this is not the case, each value that interposes between the upper and lower limits of the range, and any other listed or interposing value in the range, is included within this disclosure to the first decimal place of the lower limit, and depending on any particularly excluded limits, the upper and lower limits of the lower range may independently be included within the lower range, which is also included within this disclosure.

[0019] In this specification, the verb “comprise” and its conjugations, as used herein and in the claims, are used in their non-restrictive sense to mean that the matters following the word are included, but matters not specifically stated are not excluded.

[0020] In this specification, the term “active material” means a system comprising one or more types of minerals and a carrier material, wherein mineral particles are suspended, embedded, or otherwise incorporated in the carrier material. Active materials are capable of taking up photon energy. Active materials are described in more detail elsewhere in this specification.

[0021] In this specification, the phrase "taking in photon energy" refers to the act of absorbing photons by molecules or atoms constituting a material that absorbs photon transitions from the ground state to an excited state. A photon is the quantum unit of both visible and invisible light, and is a particle with energy proportional to the frequency of electromagnetic radiation.

[0022] In this specification, the term "absorption" refers to the physical process of absorbing light, and the term "absorbance" refers to the mathematical quantity representing the ratio of light or radiation striking a material to the amount transmitted through the material. In this specification, the terms "absorptive capacity" and "absorptive rate" refer to the optical absorption properties exhibited by a material.

[0023] In this specification, the term “emission capacity” refers to the ratio of the energy radiated from the surface of a material to the energy radiated from a perfect emitter known as a blackbody, at the same temperature, wavelength, and under the same observation conditions.

[0024] In this specification, the term "light transmission" refers to the passage of light through a material without absorption. In this specification, the terms "transmittance" and "transmittance" refer to the optical transmission properties exhibited by a material.

[0025] In this specification, the term "reflection" refers to the bounce of light off a material or the re-emission of light and its energy when it strikes a material. In this specification, the term "reflectivity" refers to the optical reflective properties exhibited by a material.

[0026] In this specification, the term "refraction" refers to a change in the direction of transmitted light caused by a change in the transmitting medium, such as water or glass.

[0027] In this specification, the term “deflect” refers to the physical process by which light or radiation is reflected from or partially passed through a particle or material whose wave electric and magnetic field vectors are altered. The deflection of light or radiation may be partial or complete.

[0028] In this specification, the terms “luminescent,” “emitting,” or “luminescence” refer to a physical process in which an excited state of a molecule or atom due to energy absorption returns to its ground state, thereby emitting energy in a form that can be quantified by its wavelength or a range of wavelengths. In this specification, the terms “emission capacity” or “emission rate” refer to the optical emission properties exhibited by a material.

[0029] The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has been found to recommend using the suffix "-ivity" (in terms of reflectivity and transmittance, etc.) for the radiative properties of highly pure, perfectly smooth materials, and the suffix "-ance" (in terms of reflectivity and transmittance, etc.) for rough, contaminated surfaces.

[0030] In this specification, the term “light scattering” refers to the physical process by which light is reflected from an object in many different directions due to irregularities in the surface it strikes or when it strikes interfering particles between the object and the light source. Small particles suspended in the air can cause light scattering.

[0031] In this specification, the term “refractive index” refers to the ability of a substance to bend light when it is incident on that substance.

[0032] In this specification, the term “extrusion” refers to a method of forming a material into a certain shape by extruding it through a die.

[0033] In this specification, the term "fiber" refers to an elongated, string-like structural material having characteristic longitudinal dimensions (length) and characteristic transverse dimensions (diameter) that can be used as a component of a composite material by weaving or sewing. The fiber may be short (discontinuous) or long (continuous).

[0034] In this specification, the term "denier" refers to a unit of measurement for the linear mass density of a fiber. For example, a fiber that is 9000 m long and weighs 1 gram has a denier of 1.

[0035] In this specification, the term "staple fiber" refers to short or discontinuous fibers whose length is approximately 0.1 cm to 15 cm.

[0036] In this specification, the term "film" refers to a flat or tubular flexible structure of the material used.

[0037] Textile materials This disclosure relates to an active material comprising a plurality of mineral particles and a carrier material that interacts with electromagnetic radiation by absorption, reflection, refraction, deflection, or wavelength shifting. In some embodiments, the active material is a fibrous material.

[0038] In some embodiments, the Disclosure relates to an active fiber material comprising a cellulose or semicellulose carrier material; and a plurality of mineral particles disposed within the carrier material, wherein the mineral particles constitute about 0.5% by weight, about 0.75% by weight, about 1% by weight, about 1.25% by weight, about 1.5% by weight, about 1.75% by weight, about 2% by weight, about 2.25% by weight, about 2.5% by weight, about 2.75% by weight, about 3% by weight, about 3.25% by weight, about 3.5% by weight, about 3.75% by weight, and about 4% by weight of the fiber material. %, about 4.25% by weight, about 4.5% by weight, about 4.75% by weight, about 5% by weight, about 5.25% by weight, about 5.5% by weight, about 5.75% by weight, about 6% by weight, about 6.25% by weight, about 6.5% by weight, about 6.75% by weight, about 7% by weight, about 7 .25% by weight, approximately 7.5% by weight, approximately 7.75% by weight, approximately 8% by weight, approximately 8.25% by weight, approximately 8.5% by weight, approximately 8.75% by weight, approximately 9% by weight, approximately 9.25% by weight, approximately 9.5% by weight, approximately 9.75% by weight, approximately 10% by weight, approximately 10.25 Weight%, about 10.5% by weight, about 10.75% by weight, about 11% by weight, about 11.25% by weight, about 11.5% by weight, about 11.75% by weight, about 12% by weight, about 12.25% by weight, about 12.5% ​​by weight, about 12.75% by weight, about 13% by weight %, about 13.25% by weight, about 13.5% by weight, about 13.75% by weight, about 14% by weight, about 14.25% by weight, about 14.5% by weight, about 14.75% by weight, about 15% by weight, about 15.25% by weight, about 15.5% by weight, about 15.75% by weight The present invention provides an active fiber material comprising approximately 0.5% to approximately 20% by weight, including %, approximately 16% by weight, approximately 16.25% by weight, approximately 16.5% by weight, approximately 16.75% by weight, approximately 17% by weight, approximately 17.25% by weight, approximately 17.5% by weight, approximately 17.75% by weight, approximately 18% by weight, approximately 18.25% by weight, approximately 18.5% by weight, approximately 18.75% by weight, approximately 19% by weight, approximately 19.25% by weight, approximately 19.5% by weight, approximately 19.75% by weight, approximately 20% by weight, and all ranges in between. In some embodiments, mineral particles comprise approximately 1% to approximately 10% by weight of the fiber material. In some embodiments, mineral particles comprise approximately 1.25% to approximately 10% by weight of the fiber material. In some embodiments, mineral particles comprise approximately 5% by weight of the fiber material.

[0039] In some embodiments, the Disclosure relates to an active fiber material comprising a cellulose or semicellulose carrier material; and a plurality of mineral particles disposed within the carrier material, wherein the mineral particles constitute about 0.5% by weight, about 0.75% by weight, about 1% by weight, about 1.25% by weight, about 1.5% by weight, about 1.75% by weight, about 2% by weight, about 2.25% by weight, about 2.5% by weight, about 2.75% by weight, about 3% by weight, about 3.25% by weight, about 3.5% by weight, about 3.75% by weight, and about 4% by weight of the fiber material. %, about 4.25% by weight, about 4.5% by weight, about 4.75% by weight, about 5% by weight, about 5.25% by weight, about 5.5% by weight, about 5.75% by weight, about 6% by weight, about 6.25% by weight, about 6.5% by weight, about 6.75% by weight, about 7% by weight, about 7 .25% by weight, approximately 7.5% by weight, approximately 7.75% by weight, approximately 8% by weight, approximately 8.25% by weight, approximately 8.5% by weight, approximately 8.75% by weight, approximately 9% by weight, approximately 9.25% by weight, approximately 9.5% by weight, approximately 9.75% by weight, approximately 10% by weight, approximately 10.25 Weight%, about 10.5% by weight, about 10.75% by weight, about 11% by weight, about 11.25% by weight, about 11.5% by weight, about 11.75% by weight, about 12% by weight, about 12.25% by weight, about 12.5% ​​by weight, about 12.75% by weight, about 13% by weight %, about 13.25% by weight, about 13.5% by weight, about 13.75% by weight, about 14% by weight, about 14.25% by weight, about 14.5% by weight, about 14.75% by weight, about 15% by weight, about 15.25% by weight, about 15.5% by weight, about 15.75% by weight The present invention provides an active fiber material comprising approximately 0.5% to approximately 20% by weight, including %, approximately 16% by weight, approximately 16.25% by weight, approximately 16.5% by weight, approximately 16.75% by weight, approximately 17% by weight, approximately 17.25% by weight, approximately 17.5% by weight, approximately 17.75% by weight, approximately 18% by weight, approximately 18.25% by weight, approximately 18.5% by weight, approximately 18.75% by weight, approximately 19% by weight, approximately 19.25% by weight, approximately 19.5% by weight, approximately 19.75% by weight, approximately 20% by weight, and all ranges in between. In some embodiments, mineral particles comprise approximately 1% to approximately 10% by weight of the fiber material. In some embodiments, mineral particles comprise approximately 1.25% to approximately 10% by weight of the fiber material. In some embodiments, mineral particles comprise approximately 5% by weight of the fiber material.

[0040] In some embodiments, the active materials of this disclosure are used in textile fibers, nonwoven films, films, coatings and / or protective or insulating materials or similar products. In some embodiments, the fibers or similar materials of this disclosure utilize and / or have the uses and properties of the materials / components disclosed in U.S. Patent Application Publications 2013 / 0045382 and 2016 / 0081281, which are each incorporated as a whole by reference. Products incorporating the active materials provide additional beneficial properties to the subject wearing such products. Beneficial properties include, for example, in the electromagnetic spectrum, in and around a person interacting with light, altering optical properties, changing wavelengths, reflecting or absorbing light, thereby promoting wound healing, stimulating skin fibroblasts, fibroblast growth and proliferation, increasing DNA synthesis, increasing protein synthesis, and increasing cell proliferation. In combination with electromagnetic radiation, the active materials of this disclosure and compositions containing them provide such beneficial properties.

[0041] In some embodiments, the active materials of the Disclosure capture infrared sources, transfer heat to objects, or prevent the leakage of infrared light. The active materials of the Disclosure are useful in insulating heating and cooling systems, heat insulation for outdoor recreation, infrared light retention by the military to prevent detection, and insulation of perishable items. In some embodiments, the active materials of the Disclosure are incorporated into fabrics that can be used in a variety of applications, including socks, footwear, activewear, sportswear, sports wraps, base layers, gloves, and bandages. In some embodiments, these items have additional beneficial properties, such as odor control, heat regulation, protection from fire, protection from harmful light, insulation, wound healing, and food preservation.

[0042] Electromagnetic light is a part of the electromagnetic spectrum. Electromagnetic light encompasses a spectrum with wavelengths from 10 nm to 1060 nm and includes ultraviolet (UV) light, visible light, and infrared light. Ultraviolet ("UV") light has wavelengths from 10 nm to 390 nm and is divided into near-ultraviolet (390-300 nm), mid-ultraviolet (300-200 nm), and far-ultraviolet (200-10 nm) spectral regions. Visible light has wavelengths between 390 nm and 770 nm and is divided into violet, blue, green, yellow, orange, and red light. Infrared ("IR") light has wavelengths from 770 nm to 10 6 It extends to nm, and the near-infrared (770~1.5×10 3 nm), mid-infrared (1.5×10 3 ~6×10 3 (nm) and far-infrared (6×10) 3 ~10 6 This includes the nm (nm) region. Refractive index ("RI") is a measure of a substance's ability to refract light. The light and optical energy to which the body is exposed spans the entire electromagnetic spectrum. An adult body, at rest, emits about 100 watts of mid- and far-wavelength IR. During exercise, this level increases sharply, and the wavelength distribution changes.

[0043] Based on this disclosure and the skills in the art, those skilled in the art can select mineral particles and carrier materials to achieve several desired characteristics of the resulting active material. In some embodiments, the active material is combined with the mineral particles and carrier material to produce a custom-made light absorption and reflection profile. In most embodiments, the active material is biologically friendly or inert.

[0044] Near-infrared light with wavelengths of 680, 730, and 880 nm has been shown to stimulate wound healing in experimental animals, and near-infrared light has been shown to increase the growth of fibroblasts and muscle cells fivefold in tissue cultures. Therefore, in some embodiments, mineral particles and carrier materials are selected to reflect or transmit light of beneficial wavelengths.

[0045] In some embodiments, the active material is selected to induce melanin excitation occurring at approximately 15 nm. To achieve this excitation, an energy range of approximately 10 nm to approximately 2.5 microns, derived from human metabolic activity, is used. Daylight, derived from broadband outdoor or indoor lighting, ranges from approximately 1.1 microns to a "bump" of approximately 900 nm and a broad general peak of approximately 700–800 nm, including shorter wavelengths such as 400–700 nm. Some of the general properties and desirable filtering and transformations include, but are not limited to, band-pass in the 600–900 nm band range. Therefore, in some embodiments, the carrier material is selected to have transmittance of 200–900 nm, and the mineral particles are selected to have wavelengths between approximately 950–550 nm. In such embodiments, the carrier material is polyethylene terephthalate, and the mineral particles have an average particle size of approximately 2.0 μm or less.

[0046] Minerals used in fiber materials In some embodiments, the active material is a fiber containing a plurality of mineral particles. The mineral particles are selected based on several characteristics. In some embodiments, the mineral particles of this disclosure are biologically friendly or inert. In some embodiments, the minerals exhibit optical properties such as being permeable or semi-permeable.

[0047] In some embodiments, the mineral particles of the present disclosure are selected for their ability to absorb, reflect, refract, deflect, or wavelength-shift electromagnetic radiation.

[0048] In some embodiments, the mineral particles are selected from the group consisting of silicon carbide (SiC), calcium carbide (CaC2), titanium dioxide (TiO2), aluminum oxide (Al2O3), silicon dioxide (SiO2), and mixtures thereof. In another embodiment, the mineral particles include silicon carbide (SiC), calcium carbide (CaC2), titanium dioxide (TiO2), aluminum oxide (Al2O3), or silicon dioxide (SiO2), or mixtures thereof.

[0049] In some embodiments, mineral particles constitute about 1% to about 20% by weight of the fibrous material, including all ranges and values ​​between them, for example, about 1%, about 1.25%, about 1.5%, about 1.75%, about 2%, about 2.25%, about 2.5%, about 2.75%, about 3%, about 3.25%, about 3.5%, about 3.75%, about 4%, about 4.25% Amount%, about 4.5% by weight, about 4.75% by weight, about 5% by weight, about 5.25% by weight, about 5.5% by weight, about 5.75% by weight, about 6% by weight, about 6.25% by weight, about 6.5% by weight, about 6.75% by weight, about 7 wt%, about 7.25 wt%, about 7.5 wt%, about 7.75 wt%, about 8 wt%, about 8.25 wt%, about 8.5 wt%, about 8.75 wt%, about 9 wt%, about 9.25 wt%, about 9.5 wt%, about 9.75% by weight, approximately 10% by weight, approximately 11.25% by weight, approximately 11.5% by weight, approximately 11.75% by weight, approximately 12% by weight, approximately 12.25% by weight, approximately 12.5% ​​by weight, approximately 12.75% by weight, approximately 13% by weight , about 13.25% by weight, about 13.5% by weight, about 13.75% by weight, about 14% by weight, about 14.25% by weight, about 14.5% by weight, about 14.75% by weight, about 15% by weight, about 15.25% by weight, about 15 It accounts for approximately 0.5% by weight, 15.75% by weight, 16% by weight, 16.25% by weight, 16.5% by weight, 16.75% by weight, 17% by weight, 17.25% by weight, 17.5% by weight, 17.75% by weight, 18% by weight, 18.25% by weight, 18.5% by weight, 18.75% by weight, 19% by weight, 19.25% by weight, 19.5% by weight, 19.75% by weight, and 20% by weight.

[0050] In some embodiments, mineral particles make up about 1% to about 10% by weight of the fibrous material. In some embodiments, mineral particles make up about 1.25% to about 10% by weight of the fibrous material. In some embodiments, mineral particles make up about 1% to about 5% by weight of the fibrous material. In some embodiments, mineral particles make up about 1.25% to about 5% by weight of the fibrous material. In some embodiments, mineral particles make up about 1.5% to about 10% by weight of the fibrous material. In some embodiments, mineral particles make up about 2% to about 10% by weight of the fibrous material. In some embodiments, mineral particles make up about 2.5% to about 10% by weight of the fibrous material. In some embodiments, mineral particles make up about 3% to about 10% by weight of the fibrous material. In some embodiments, mineral particles make up about 3.5% to about 10% by weight of the fibrous material. In some embodiments, mineral particles make up about 4% to about 10% by weight of the fibrous material. In some embodiments, mineral particles make up about 4.5% to about 10% by weight of the fibrous material. In some embodiments, mineral particles constitute about 5% to about 10% by weight of the fibrous material. Non-limiting examples of disclosed fibers containing mineral particles are shown in Figures 1A and 1B.

[0051] Mineral size and shape In some embodiments, the mineral particles of this disclosure are processed to some size or shape to alter their optical properties. In some embodiments, the mineral particles are reduced in size and shape by processes known in the art, such as grinding, polishing, or tumbling. These processes help determine the particle size of the minerals, the concentration of each type of mineral, and the physical properties of the minerals. In some embodiments, physical properties include the smoothness and / or shape of the mineral particles.

[0052] In some embodiments, the mineral particles are reduced in size to a substantially fan-shaped form. In some embodiments, the substantially fan-shaped mineral particles shift the wavelength of light received. In some embodiments, the mineral particles are reduced in size to a substantially spherical shape. In some embodiments, the substantially spherical mineral particles shorten the wavelength of light received. In some embodiments, the mineral particles are reduced in size to a substantially triangular shape with rounded corners. In some embodiments, the substantially triangular mineral particles with rounded corners reflect, absorb, or scatter light received. In some embodiments, the mineral particles are reduced in size to a substantially convex shape. Without adhering to any particular theory, it is thought that the substantially convex mineral particles can interact with light through their maximum surface area.

[0053] In some embodiments, the average mineral particle size is about 0.5 to about 2.0 microns. In some embodiments, the mineral particles have an average size of about 0.50 microns, 0.55 microns, 0.60 microns, 0.65 microns, 0.70 microns, 0.75 microns, 0.80 microns, 0.85 microns, 0.90 microns, 0.95 microns, 1.00 microns, 1.05 microns, 1.10 microns, 1.15 microns, 1.20 microns, 1.25 microns, 1.30 microns, 1.35 microns, 1.40 microns, 1.45 microns, 1.50 microns, 1.55 microns, 1.55 microns, 1.60 microns, 1.65 microns, 1.70 microns, 1.75 microns, 1.80 microns, 1.85 microns, 1.90 microns, 1.95 microns, or 2.00 microns.

[0054] In some embodiments, the average mineral particle size is about 0.5 to about 2.0 microns. In some embodiments, the mineral particles have an average size in the range of about 0.50 to 0.60 microns, 0.60 to 0.70 microns, 0.70 to 0.80 microns, 0.80 to 0.90 microns, 0.90 to 1.00 microns, 1.00 to 1.10 microns, 1.10 to 1.20 microns, 1.20 to 1.30 microns, 1.30 to 1.40 microns, 1.40 to 1.50 microns, 1.50 to 1.60 microns, 1.60 to 1.70 microns, 1.70 to 1.80 microns, 1.80 to 1.90 microns, and 1.90 to 2.00 microns.

[0055] In some embodiments, the mineral particle size is related to its target absorption wavelength. For example, if the target absorption is about 750 nm, the mineral particles are reduced to a size of about 750 nm.

[0056] In some embodiments, the mineral particles are ground to an approximate particle size of about 0.5 microns to about 2.0 microns.

[0057] Carrier material In some embodiments, multiple mineral particles of the active material are dispersed, suspended, embedded, or otherwise incorporated into a carrier material. In some embodiments, the carrier material for the active material is selected for its ability to hold the mineral particles. In some embodiments, the carrier material for the active material is selected so that the mineral particles and the carrier material do not chemically react.

[0058] In some embodiments, this disclosure relates to the surprising finding that relatively high amounts of mineral particles (e.g., about 5% to about 10% by weight of the fiber material) can be incorporated into cellulose or semicellulose carrier materials (such as viscose) to provide fibers with the mechanical properties (e.g., sufficient strength, elongation at break, etc.) necessary for further processing into textiles. In contrast, attempts to incorporate more than about 1.25% of mineral particles into pure synthetic carrier materials (such as PET) result in brittle fibers that are not suitable for further processing into yarns, fabrics, etc.

[0059] In some embodiments, the carrier material of the present disclosure is selected based on its ability to interact with light radiation by absorbing, reflecting, refracting and / or altering wavelengths.

[0060] In some embodiments, the carrier material for the active material is selected based on its ability to be shaped or manufactured for a specific use. Some carrier materials are flexible and can be manipulated and reshaped multiple times.

[0061] In some embodiments, the carrier material is cellulose or semicellulose material. In other embodiments, the cellulose or semicellulose material is selected from the group consisting of lyocell, modal, viscose, viscose derivatives and mixtures thereof. In some embodiments, the cellulose or semicellulose material is selected from the group consisting of viscose, modal, Tencel and cotton.

[0062] In some embodiments, the cellulose or semicellulose material is viscose.

[0063] In some embodiments, viscose has a dry strength of about 20 cN / tex to about 30 cN / tex, including all ranges and values ​​between them, for example, about 20 cN / tex, about 21 cN / tex, about 22 cN / tex, about 23 cN / tex, about 24 cN / tex, about 25 cN / tex, about 26 cN / tex, about 27 cN / tex, about 28 cN / tex, about 29 cN / tex, or about 30 cN / tex. In some embodiments, viscose has a dry strength of about 20 cN / tex to about 25 cN / tex. In some embodiments, viscose has a dry strength of about 25 cN / tex to about 30 cN / tex. In some embodiments, viscose has a dry strength of about 23 cN / tex to about 26 cN / tex. In some embodiments, the viscose has a dry strength of at least about 20 cN / tex, at least about 21 cN / tex, at least about 22 cN / tex, at least about 23 cN / tex, at least about 24 cN / tex, at least about 25 cN / tex, at least about 26 cN / tex, at least 27 cN / tex, at least 28 cN / tex, at least 29 cN / tex, or at least 30 cN / tex.

[0064] In some embodiments, viscose has a wet strength of about 5 cN / tex to about 20 cN / tex, including all ranges and values ​​between them, for example, a wet strength of about 5 cN / tex, about 6 cN / tex, about 7 cN / tex, about 8 cN / tex, about 9 cN / tex, about 10 cN / tex, about 11 cN / tex, about 12 cN / tex, about 13 cN / tex, about 14 cN / tex, or about 15 cN / tex. In some embodiments, viscose has a wet strength of about 10 cN / tex to about 15 cN / tex. In some embodiments, the viscose has a wet strength of at least about 5 cN / tex, at least about 6 cN / tex, at least about 7 cN / tex, at least about 8 cN / tex, at least about 9 cN / tex, at least about 10 cN / tex, at least about 11 cN / tex, at least 12 cN / tex, at least 13 cN / tex, at least 14 cN / tex, or at least 15 cN / tex.

[0065] In some embodiments, viscose has a fracture elongation (dry condition) of about 10% to about 25%, including all ranges and values ​​between them, for example, about 10%, about 11%, about 12%, about 13%, about 14%, about 15%, about 16%, about 17%, about 18%, about 19%, about 20%, about 21%, about 22%, about 23%, about 24%, or about 25% fracture elongation (dry condition). In some embodiments, viscose has a fracture elongation (dry condition) of about 15% to about 25%. In some embodiments, viscose has a fracture elongation (dry condition) of about 20% to about 25%. In some embodiments, viscose has a fracture elongation (dry condition) of about 16% to about 21%. In some embodiments, the viscose has an elongation at break of at least 16%, at least 17%, at least 18%, at least 19%, at least 20%, or at least 21% (dry conditions).

[0066] In some embodiments, viscose has an elongation at break (wet conditions) of about 20% to about 35%, including all ranges and values ​​between them, for example, about 20%, about 21%, about 22%, about 23%, about 24%, about 25%, about 26%, about 27%, about 28%, about 29%, about 30%, about 31%, about 32%, about 33%, about 34%, or about 35%. In some embodiments, viscose has an elongation at break (wet conditions) of about 20% to about 25%. In some embodiments, viscose has an elongation at break (wet conditions) of about 25% to about 30%. In some embodiments, viscose has an elongation at break (wet conditions) of at least 25%, at least 26%, at least 27%, at least 28%, at least 29%, or at least 30%.

[0067] In some embodiments, the viscose has a finish of about 0.15% to about 0.30%, including all ranges and values ​​between them, for example, about 0.16%, about 0.17%, about 0.18%, about 0.19%, about 0.20%, about 0.21%, about 0.22%, about 0.23%, about 0.24%, about 0.25%, about 0.26%, about 0.27%, about 0.28%, about 0.29%, or about 0.30%. In some embodiments, the viscose has a finish of about 0.19% to about 0.29%. In some embodiments, the viscose has a finish of about 0.24% to about 0.29%. In some embodiments, the viscose has a finish of at least 18%, at least 19%, at least 20%, at least 21%, at least 22%, at least 23%, at least 24%, at least 25%, at least 26%, at least 27%, at least 28%, or at least 29%.

[0068] In some embodiments, the cellulose or semicellulose material is modal.

[0069] In some embodiments, modal has a dry strength of about 30 cN / tex to about 40 cN / tex, including all ranges and values ​​between them, for example, about 30 cN / tex, about 31 cN / tex, about 32 cN / tex, about 33 cN / tex, about 34 cN / tex, about 35 cN / tex, about 36 cN / tex, about 37 cN / tex, about 38 cN / tex, about 39 cN / tex, or about 40 cN / tex. In some embodiments, modal has a dry strength of about 30 cN / tex to about 35 cN / tex. In some embodiments, modal has a dry strength of about 35 cN / tex to about 40 cN / tex. In some embodiments, modal has a dry strength of at least about 30 cN / tex, at least about 31 cN / tex, at least about 32 cN / tex, at least about 33 cN / tex, at least about 34 cN / tex, at least about 35 cN / tex, at least about 36 cN / tex, at least 37 cN / tex, at least 38 cN / tex, at least 39 cN / tex, or at least 40 cN / tex.

[0070] In some embodiments, modal has a wet strength of about 15 cN / tex to about 25 cN / tex, including all ranges and values ​​between them, for example, a wet strength of about 15 cN / tex, about 16 cN / tex, about 17 cN / tex, about 18 cN / tex, about 19 cN / tex, about 20 cN / tex, about 21 cN / tex, about 22 cN / tex, about 23 cN / tex, about 24 cN / tex, or about 25 cN / tex. In some embodiments, modal has a wet strength of about 15 cN / tex to about 20 cN / tex. In some embodiments, modal has a wet strength of about 20 cN / tex to about 25 cN / tex. In some embodiments, modal has a wet strength of at least about 15 cN / tex, at least about 16 cN / tex, at least about 17 cN / tex, at least about 18 cN / tex, at least about 19 cN / tex, at least about 20 cN / tex, at least about 21 cN / tex, at least 22 cN / tex, at least 23 cN / tex, at least 24 cN / tex, or at least 25 cN / tex.

[0071] In some embodiments, modal has a fracture elongation (dry condition) of about 10% to about 20%, including all ranges and values ​​between them, for example, about 10%, about 11%, about 12%, about 13%, about 14%, about 15%, about 16%, about 17%, about 18%, about 19%, or about 20%. In some embodiments, modal has a fracture elongation (dry condition) of about 10% to about 15%. In some embodiments, modal has a fracture elongation (dry condition) of about 15% to about 20%. In some embodiments, modal has a fracture elongation (dry condition) of at least 12%, at least 13%, at least 14%, at least 15%, at least 16%, or at least 17%.

[0072] In some embodiments, modal has a break elongation (wet conditions) of about 10% to about 20%, including all ranges and values ​​between them, for example, about 10%, about 11%, about 12%, about 13%, about 14%, about 15%, about 16%, about 17%, about 18%, about 19%, or about 20%. In some embodiments, modal has a break elongation (wet conditions) of about 10% to about 15%. In some embodiments, modal has a break elongation (wet conditions) of about 15% to about 20%. In some embodiments, modal has a break elongation (wet conditions) of at least 12%, at least 13%, at least 14%, at least 15%, at least 16%, or at least 17%.

[0073] In some embodiments, modal has a finish of about 0.15% to about 0.30%, including all ranges and values ​​between them, for example, about 0.16%, about 0.17%, about 0.18%, about 0.19%, about 0.20%, about 0.21%, about 0.22%, about 0.23%, about 0.24%, about 0.25%, about 0.26%, about 0.27%, about 0.28%, about 0.29%, or about 0.30%. In some embodiments, modal has a finish of about 0.19% to about 0.29%. In some embodiments, modal has a finish of about 0.24% to about 0.29%. In some embodiments, the modal has a finish of at least 18%, at least 19%, at least 20%, at least 21%, at least 22%, at least 23%, at least 24%, at least 25%, at least 26%, at least 27%, at least 28%, or at least 29%.

[0074] In some embodiments, the cellulose or semicellulose material is Tencel.

[0075] In some embodiments, Tencel has a dry strength of about 35 cN / tex to about 45 cN / tex, including all ranges and values ​​between them, for example, about 35 cN / tex, about 36 cN / tex, about 37 cN / tex, about 38 cN / tex, about 39 cN / tex, about 40 cN / tex, about 41 cN / tex, about 42 cN / tex, about 43 cN / tex, about 44 cN / tex, or about 45 cN / tex. In some embodiments, Tencel has a dry strength of about 35 cN / tex to about 40 cN / tex. In some embodiments, Tencel has a dry strength of about 40 cN / tex to about 45 cN / tex. In some embodiments, Tencel has a dry strength of about 38 cN / tex to about 42 cN / tex. In some embodiments, Tencel has a dry strength of at least about 35 cN / tex, at least about 36 cN / tex, at least about 37 cN / tex, at least about 38 cN / tex, at least about 39 cN / tex, at least about 40 cN / tex, at least about 41 cN / tex, at least 42 cN / tex, at least 43 cN / tex, at least 44 cN / tex, or at least 45 cN / tex.

[0076] In some embodiments, Tencel has a wet strength of about 30 cN / tex to about 50 cN / tex, including all ranges and values ​​between them, for example, about 30 cN / tex, about 31 cN / tex, about 32 cN / tex, about 33 cN / tex, about 34 cN / tex, about 35 cN / tex, about 36 cN / tex, about 37 cN / tex, about 38 cN / tex, about 39 cN / tex, about 40 cN / tex, about 41 cN / tex, about 42 cN / tex, about 43 cN / tex, about 44 cN / tex, about 45 cN / tex, about 46 cN / tex, about 47 cN / tex, about 48 cN / tex, about 49 cN / tex, or about 50 cN / tex. In some embodiments, Tencel has a wet strength of about 30 cN / tex to about 40 cN / tex. In some embodiments, Tencel has a wet strength of about 30 cN / tex to about 50 cN / tex. In some embodiments, Tencel has a wet strength of about 34 cN / tex to about 48 cN / tex. In some embodiments, Tencel has a wet strength of at least about 34 cN / tex, at least about 35 cN / tex, at least about 36 cN / tex, at least about 37 cN / tex, at least about 38 cN / tex, at least about 39 cN / tex, at least about 40 cN / tex, at least 41 cN / tex, at least 42 cN / tex, at least 43 cN / tex, at least 44 cN / tex, at least 45 cN / tex, at least 46 cN / tex, at least 47 cN / tex, or at least 48 cN / tex.

[0077] In some embodiments, Tencel has a break elongation (dry condition) of about 10% to about 20%, including all ranges and values ​​between them, for example, about 10%, about 11%, about 12%, about 13%, about 14%, about 15%, about 16%, about 17%, about 18%, about 19%, or about 20%. In some embodiments, Tencel has a break elongation (dry condition) of about 10% to about 15%. In some embodiments, Tencel has a break elongation (dry condition) of about 15% to about 20%. In some embodiments, Tencel has a break elongation (dry condition) of about 14% to about 16%. In some embodiments, Tencel has a break elongation (dry condition) of at least 12%, at least 13%, at least 14%, at least 15%, or at least 16%.

[0078] In some embodiments, Tencel has a break elongation (wet condition) of about 10% to about 20%, including all ranges and values ​​between them, for example, about 10%, about 11%, about 12%, about 13%, about 14%, about 15%, about 16%, about 17%, about 18%, about 19%, or about 20%. In some embodiments, Tencel has a break elongation (wet condition) of about 10% to about 15%. In some embodiments, Tencel has a break elongation (wet condition) of about 15% to about 20%. In some embodiments, Tencel has a break elongation (wet condition) of about 16% to about 16%. In some embodiments, Tencel has a break elongation (wet condition) of at least 12%, at least 13%, at least 14%, at least 15%, at least 16%, at least 17%, or at least 18%.

[0079] In some embodiments, Tencel has a finish of about 0.15% to about 0.30%, including all ranges and values ​​between them, for example, about 0.16%, about 0.17%, about 0.18%, about 0.19%, about 0.20%, about 0.21%, about 0.22%, about 0.23%, about 0.24%, about 0.25%, about 0.26%, about 0.27%, about 0.28%, about 0.29%, or about 0.30%. In some embodiments, Tencel has a finish of about 0.19% to about 0.29%. In some embodiments, Tencel has a finish of about 0.24% to about 0.29%. In some embodiments, Tencel has a finish of at least 18%, at least 19%, at least 20%, at least 21%, at least 22%, at least 23%, at least 24%, at least 25%, at least 26%, at least 27%, at least 28%, or at least 29%.

[0080] In some embodiments, the cellulose or semicellulose material is cotton.

[0081] In some embodiments, the cotton has a dry strength of about 15 cN / tex to about 30 cN / tex, including all ranges and values ​​between them, for example, about 15 cN / tex, about 16 cN / tex, about 17 cN / tex, about 18 cN / tex, about 19 cN / tex, about 20 cN / tex, about 21 cN / tex, about 22 cN / tex, about 23 cN / tex, about 24 cN / tex, about 25 cN / tex, about 26 cN / tex, about 27 cN / tex, about 28 cN / tex, about 29 cN / tex, or about 30 cN / tex. In some embodiments, the cotton has a dry strength of about 15 cN / tex to about 20 cN / tex. In some embodiments, the cotton has a dry strength of about 20 cN / tex to about 25 cN / tex. In some embodiments, the cotton has a dry strength of about 25 cN / tex to about 30 cN / tex. In some embodiments, the cotton has a dry strength of at least about 20 cN / tex, at least about 21 cN / tex, at least about 22 cN / tex, at least about 23 cN / tex, at least about 24 cN / tex, at least about 25 cN / tex, at least about 26 cN / tex, at least 27 cN / tex, at least 28 cN / tex, at least 29 cN / tex, or at least 30 cN / tex.

[0082] In some embodiments, the cotton has a break elongation (dry condition) of about 5% to about 15%, including all ranges and values ​​between them, for example, about 5%, about 6%, about 7%, about 8%, about 9%, about 10%, about 11%, about 12%, about 13%, about 14%, or about 15%. In some embodiments, the cotton has a break elongation (dry condition) of about 5% to about 10%. In some embodiments, the cotton has a break elongation (dry condition) of about 7% to about 9%. In some embodiments, the cotton has a break elongation (dry condition) of about 10% to about 15%. In some embodiments, the cotton has a break elongation (dry condition) of at least 5%, at least 6%, at least 7%, at least 8%, or at least 9%.

[0083] In some embodiments, the cotton has a wet strength of about 20 cN / tex to about 35 cN / tex, including all ranges and values ​​between them, for example, about 20 cN / tex, about 21 cN / tex, about 22 cN / tex, about 23 cN / tex, about 24 cN / tex, about 25 cN / tex, about 26 cN / tex, about 27 cN / tex, about 28 cN / tex, about 29 cN / tex, about 30 cN / tex, about 31 cN / tex, about 32 cN / tex, about 33 cN / tex, about 34 cN / tex, or about 35 cN / tex. In some embodiments, the cotton has a wet strength of about 20 cN / tex to about 25 cN / tex. In some embodiments, the cotton has a wet strength of about 25 cN / tex to about 30 cN / tex. In some embodiments, the cotton has a wet strength of about 30 cN / tex to about 35 cN / tex. In some embodiments, the cotton has a wet strength of at least about 23 cN / tex, at least about 24 cN / tex, at least about 25 cN / tex, at least about 26 cN / tex, at least about 27 cN / tex, at least about 28 cN / tex, at least about 29 cN / tex, at least 30 cN / tex, at least 31 cN / tex, at least 32 cN / tex, at least 33 cN / tex, at least 34 cN / tex, or at least 35 cN / tex.

[0084] In some embodiments, the cotton has a break elongation (wet condition) of about 10% to about 20%, including all ranges and values ​​between them, for example, about 10%, about 11%, about 12%, about 13%, about 14%, about 15%, about 16%, about 17%, about 18%, about 19%, or about 20%. In some embodiments, the cotton has a break elongation (wet condition) of about 10% to about 15%. In some embodiments, the cotton has a break elongation (wet condition) of about 12% to about 14%. In some embodiments, the cotton has a break elongation (wet condition) of about 15% to about 20%. In some embodiments, the cotton has a break elongation (wet condition) of at least 12%, at least 13%, at least 14%, at least 15%, at least 16%, or at least 17%.

[0085] In some embodiments, the cotton has a finish of about 0.15% to about 0.30%, including all ranges and values ​​between them, for example, about 0.16%, about 0.17%, about 0.18%, about 0.19%, about 0.20%, about 0.21%, about 0.22%, about 0.23%, about 0.24%, about 0.25%, about 0.26%, about 0.27%, about 0.28%, about 0.29%, or about 0.30%. In some embodiments, the cotton has a finish of about 0.19% to about 0.29%. In some embodiments, the cotton has a finish of about 0.24% to about 0.29%. In some embodiments, the cotton has at least 18%, at least 19%, at least 20%, at least 21%, at least 22%, at least 23%, at least 24%, at least 25%, at least 26%, at least 27%, at least 28%, or at least 29% finish.

[0086] In some embodiments, the cellulose or semicellulose material includes lyocell, modal, viscose, viscose derivatives, or mixtures thereof.

[0087] In some embodiments, the cellulose or semicellulose material comprises one type of cellulose or semicellulose material. In some embodiments, the cellulose or semicellulose material comprises two or more types of cellulose or semicellulose material.

[0088] In some embodiments, the cellulose or semicellulose material is made from wood. In some embodiments, the wood is softwood. In some embodiments, the softwood is selected from the group consisting of spruce, pine, fir, larch, hemlock, and mixtures thereof. In some embodiments, the softwood includes spruce, pine, fir, larch, or hemlock, or mixtures thereof. In some embodiments, the wood is hardwood. In some embodiments, the hardwood is selected from the group consisting of oak, beech, birch, aspen, poplar, eucalyptus, and mixtures thereof. In some embodiments, the hardwood includes oak, beech, birch, aspen, poplar, or eucalyptus, or mixtures thereof. In some embodiments, the hardwood is selected from the group consisting of oak, beech, birch, aspen, poplar, and mixtures thereof. In yet other specific embodiments, the hardwood includes oak, beech, birch, aspen, or poplar, or mixtures thereof. In some embodiments, the hardwood is not eucalyptus.

[0089] In some embodiments, the carrier material is a polymer matrix. In some embodiments, the carrier material of the present disclosure is rayon, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, acrylic, celluloid, cellulose acetate, cycloolefin copolymer, ethylene vinyl acetate, ethylene vinyl alcohol, fluororesin, ionomer, KYDEX®, liquid crystal polymer, polyacetal, polyacrylate, polyacrylonitrile, polyamide, polyamide-imide, polyarylether ketone, polybutadiene, polybutylene, polybutylene terephthalate, polycaprolactone, polychlorotrifluoroethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polycyclohexyl Selected from the group consisting of redi methylene terephthalate, polycarbonate, polyhydroxyalkanoate, polyketone, polyester, polyethylene, polyetheretherketone, polyetherketoneketone, polyetherimide, polyethersulfone, polyethylene chlorinate, polyimide, polylactic acid, polymethylpentene, polyphenylene oxide, polyphenylene sulfide, polyphthalamide, polystyrene, polysulfone, polytrimethylene terephthalate, polyurethane, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, styrene-acrylonitrile, and mixtures thereof.

[0090] In some embodiments, the carrier material of the present disclosure is rayon, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, acrylic, celluloid, cellulose acetate, cycloolefin copolymer, ethylene vinyl acetate, ethylene vinyl alcohol, fluororesin, ionomer, KYDEX®, liquid crystal polymer, polyacetal, polyacrylate, polyacrylonitrile, polyamide, polyamide-imide, polyarylether ketone, polybutadiene, polybutylene, polybutylene terephthalate, polycaprolactone, polychlorotrifluoroethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polycyclo This includes hexylene dimethylene terephthalate, polycarbonate, polyhydroxyalkanoate, polyketone, polyester, polyethylene, polyetheretherketone, polyetherketoneketone, polyetherimide, polyethersulfone, polyethylene chlorinate, polyimide, polylactic acid, polymethylpentene, polyphenylene oxide, polyphenylene sulfide, polyphthalamide, polystyrene, polysulfone, polytrimethylene terephthalate, polyurethane, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, or styrene-acrylonitrile, or mixtures thereof.

[0091] In some embodiments, the polymer matrix comprises one type of polymer. In some embodiments, the polymer matrix comprises one or more types of polymers.

[0092] In some embodiments, one or more cellulose or semicellulose materials are combined with one or more polymer matrices.

[0093] In some embodiments, the active material comprises one or more polymer types selected from the group consisting of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyester, nylon, rayon, spandex, and mixtures thereof. In some embodiments, the active material comprises polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyester, nylon, rayon, or spandex, or mixtures thereof. In some embodiments, the polymer matrix is ​​PET.

[0094] In some embodiments, the polymer matrix contains additives such as colorants, surface stabilizers, surfactants, UV stabilizers, plasticizers, slip agents, mineral fillers, binders, antistatic agents, oils, antioxidants, and adhesives. In some embodiments, the colorants affect the optical properties of the polymer.

[0095] Properties of active materials In some embodiments, the active material absorbs light at one wavelength and emits it at a different wavelength. Thus, in some embodiments, the active material shortens the wavelength of absorbed light. In some embodiments, the active material lengthens the wavelength of absorbed light, depending on the desired effect. In some embodiments, the active material of the Disclosure is designed to absorb a portion of the light spectrum and convert it into heat or other types of energy. In some embodiments, the active material of the Disclosure allows transmission of a portion of the spectrum so that a selected wavelength can pass through the active material. In other embodiments, the active material of the Disclosure reflects a selected portion of the light spectrum. In some embodiments, the active material is designed to selectively deflect a portion of the spectrum during the transmission or reflection of the wave.

[0096] In some embodiments, a combination of mineral and carrier material results in an active material that emits light within a specific range. For example, in some embodiments, aluminum oxide promotes the long-wavelengthification of IR light. In some embodiments, when the active material containing aluminum oxide interacts with IR light, the material emits light in an IR range longer than the IR range it absorbed.

[0097] In some embodiments, when two or more types of minerals are used to construct an active material, the material exhibits synergistic optical properties of those different minerals.

[0098] In some embodiments, the mineral particles and the carrier material independently have light transmission in the range of about 200 nm to about 1100 nm. In some embodiments, the mineral particles and the carrier material independently have light transmission in the range of about 200 nm, 225 nm, 250 nm, 275 nm, 300 nm, 325 nm, 350 nm, 375 nm, 400 nm, 425 nm, 450 nm, 475 nm, 500 nm, 525 nm, 550 nm, 575 nm, 600 nm, 625 nm, 650 nm, 675 nm, 700 nm, 725 nm, 750 nm, 775 nm, 800 nm, 825 nm, 850 nm, 875 nm, 900 nm, 925 nm, 950 nm, 975 nm, 1000 nm, 1025 nm, 1050 nm, 1075 nm and / or 1100 nm.

[0099] In some embodiments, the mineral particles and the carrier material independently have light transmission in the range of about 200 nm to about 1100 nm. In some embodiments, the mineral particles and the carrier material independently have light transmission in the range of about 200 to 250 nm, 250 to 300 nm, 300 to 350 nm, 350 to 400 nm, 400 to 450 nm, 450 to 500 nm, 500 to 550 nm, 550 to 600 nm, 600 to 650 nm, 650 to 700 nm, 700 to 750 nm, 750 to 800 nm, 800 to 850 nm, 850 to 900 nm, 900 to 950 nm, 950 to 1000 nm, 1000 to 1050 nm and / or 1050 to 1100 nm.

[0100] In some embodiments, the mineral particles and the support material independently absorb light in the range of about 10 nm to about 15,000 nm.

[0101] In some embodiments, the mineral particles and the carrier material independently absorb light in the range of about 10 nm to about 200 nm. In some embodiments, the mineral particles and the carrier material independently absorb light at about 10 nm, 20 nm, 30 nm, 40 nm, 50 nm, 60 nm, 70 nm, 80 nm, 90 nm, 100 nm, 110 nm, 120 nm, 130 nm, 140 nm, 150 nm, 160 nm, 170 nm, 180 nm and / or 200 nm.

[0102] In some embodiments, the mineral particles and the carrier material independently absorb light in the range of about 10 nm to about 200 nm. In some embodiments, the mineral particles and the carrier material independently absorb light in the range of about 10 to 20 nm, 20 to 40 nm, 40 to 60 nm, 60 to 80 nm, 80 to 100 nm, 100 to 120 nm, 120 to 140 nm, 140 to 160 nm, 160 to 180 nm and / or 180 to 200 nm.

[0103] In some embodiments, the mineral particles and the carrier material independently absorb light in the range of about 200 nm to about 500 nm. In some embodiments, the mineral particles and the carrier material independently absorb light at about 200 nm, 225 nm, 250 nm, 275 nm, 300 nm, 325 nm, 350 nm, 375 nm, 400 nm, 425 nm, 450 nm, 475 nm and / or 500 nm.

[0104] In some embodiments, the mineral particles and the carrier material independently absorb light in the range of about 200 nm to about 500 nm. In some embodiments, the mineral particles and the carrier material independently absorb light in the range of about 200 to 250 nm, 250 to 300 nm, 300 to 350 nm, 350 to 400 nm, 400 to 450 nm and / or 450 to 500 nm.

[0105] In some embodiments, the mineral particles and the carrier material independently absorb light in the range of about 500 nm to about 1100 nm. In some embodiments, the mineral particles and the carrier material independently absorb light at about 500 nm, 525 nm, 550 nm, 575 nm, 600 nm, 625 nm, 650 nm, 675 nm, 700 nm, 725 nm, 750 nm, 775 nm, 800 nm, 825 nm, 850 nm, 875 nm, 900 nm, 925 nm, 950 nm, 975 nm, 1000 nm, 1025 nm, 1050 nm, 1075 nm and / or 1100 nm.

[0106] In some embodiments, the mineral particles and the carrier material independently absorb light in the range of about 500 nm to about 1100 nm. In some embodiments, the mineral particles and the carrier material independently absorb light in the range of about 500 to 550 nm, 550 to 600 nm, 600 to 650 nm, 650 to 700 nm, 700 to 750 nm, 750 to 800 nm, 800 to 850 nm, 850 to 900 nm, 900 to 950 nm, 950 to 1000 nm, 1000 to 1050 nm and / or 1050 to 1100 nm.

[0107] In some embodiments, the mineral particles and the carrier material independently absorb light in the range of about 1100 nm to about 15000 nm. In some embodiments, the mineral particles and the carrier material independently absorb light in the range of about 1100 nm, 1200 nm, 1300 nm, 1400 nm, 1500 nm, 1600 nm, 1700 nm, 1800 nm, 1900 nm, 2000 nm, 2100 nm, 2200 nm, 2300 nm, 2400 nm, 2500 nm, 2600 nm, 2700 nm, 2800 nm, 2900 nm, 3000 nm, 3100 nm, 3200 nm, 3300 nm, 3400 nm, 3500 nm, 3600 nm, 3700 nm, 3800 nm, 3900 nm, 40 00nm, 4100nm, 4200nm, 4300nm, 4400nm, 4500nm, 4600nm, 4700nm, 4800 nm, 4900nm, 5000nm, 5100nm, 5200nm, 5300nm, 5400nm, 5500nm, 5600nm, 5700nm, 5800nm, 5900nm, 6000nm, 6100nm, 6200nm, 6300nm, 6400nm, 650 0nm, 6600nm, 6700nm, 6800nm, 6900nm, 7000nm, 7100nm, 7200nm, 7300nm , 7400nm, 7500nm, 7600nm, 7700nm, 7800nm, 7900nm, 8000nm, 8100nm, 8 200nm, 8300nm, 8400nm, 8500nm, 8600nm, 8700nm, 8800nm, 8900nm, 9000nm nm, 9100nm, 9200nm, 9300nm, 9400nm, 9500nm, 9600nm, 9700nm, 9800nm, 9900nm, 10000nm, 10100nm, 10200nm, 10300nm, 10400nm, 10500nm, 1060 0nm, 10700nm, 10800nm, 10900nm, 11000nm, 11100nm, 11200nm, 11300nm , 11400nm, 11500nm, 11600nm, 11700nm, 11800nm, 11900nm, 12000nm, 12 100nm, 12200nm, 12300nm, 12400nm, 12500nm, 12600nm, 12700nm, 12800 nm, 12900nm, 13000nm, 13100nm, 13200nm, 13300nm, 13400nm, 13500nm,It absorbs light at 13600nm, 13700nm, 13800nm, 13900nm, 14000nm, 14100nm, 14200nm, 14300nm, 14400nm, 14500nm, 14600nm, 14700nm, 14800nm, 14900nm and / or 15000nm.

[0108] In some embodiments, the mineral particles and the carrier material independently absorb light in the range of about 1100 nm to about 15000 nm. In some embodiments, the mineral particles of the mineral powder absorb light in the ranges of about 1100-1200 nm, 1200-1400 nm, 1400-1600 nm, 1600-1800 nm, 1800-2000 nm, 2000-2200 nm, 2200-2400 nm, 2400-2600 nm, 2600-2800 nm, 2800-3000 nm, 3000-3200 nm, 3200-3400 nm, 3400-3600 nm, 3600-3800 nm, 3800-4000 nm, 4000-4200 nm, 4200-4400 nm, and 44 00~4600nm, 4600~4800nm, 4800~5000nm, 5000~5200nm, 5200~5400nm, 5400~5600nm, 5600~5800nm, 5800~6000nm, 6000~6200nm, 6200~6400n m, 6400~6600nm, 6600~6800nm, 6800~7000nm, 7000~7200nm, 7200~740 0nm, 7400~7600nm, 7600~7800nm, 7800~8000nm, 8000~8200nm, 8200~84 00nm, 8400~8600nm, 8600~8800nm, 8800~9000nm, 9000~9200nm, 9200~ 9400nm, 9400~9600nm, 9600~9800nm, 9800~10000nm, 10000~10200nm, 10200~10400nm, 10400~10600nm, 10600~10800nm, 10800~11000nm, 11 000~11200nm, 11200~11400nm, 11400~11600nm, 11600~11800nm, 11800 It absorbs light in the range of ~12000nm, 12000~12200nm, 12200~12400nm, 12400~12600nm, 12600~12800nm, 12800~13000nm, 13000~13200nm, 13200~13400nm, 13400~13600nm, 13600~13800nm, 13800~14000nm, 14000~14200nm, 14200~14400nm, 14400~14600nm, 14600~14800nm ​​and / or 14800~15000nm.

[0109] In some embodiments, the mineral particles and the carrier material allow electromagnetic radiation having wavelengths of about 630 to about 800 nm to pass through.

[0110] In some embodiments, the carrier material transmits electromagnetic radiation having wavelengths between approximately 0.5 μm and approximately 11 μm. In some embodiments, the carrier material transmits electromagnetic radiation having wavelengths between approximately 200 nm and approximately 900 nm.

[0111] In some embodiments, the mineral particles and the support material independently deflect light in the range of about 200 nm to about 15,000 nm.

[0112] In some embodiments, the mineral particles and the support material independently deflect light in the range of about 200 nm to about 500 nm. In some embodiments, the mineral particles and the support material independently deflect light at about 200 nm, 225 nm, 250 nm, 275 nm, 300 nm, 325 nm, 350 nm, 375 nm, 400 nm, 425 nm, 450 nm, 475 nm and / or 500 nm.

[0113] In some embodiments, the mineral particles and the support material independently deflect light in the range of about 200 nm to about 500 nm. In some embodiments, the mineral particles and the support material independently deflect light in the range of about 200 to 250 nm, 250 to 300 nm, 300 to 350 nm, 350 to 400 nm, 400 to 450 nm and / or 450 to 500 nm.

[0114] In some embodiments, mineral particles and carrier materials can independently deflect light in the range of about 500 nm to about 1100 nm. In some embodiments, mineral particles and carrier materials independently deflect light at about 500 nm, 525 nm, 550 nm, 575 nm, 600 nm, 625 nm, 650 nm, 675 nm, 700 nm, 725 nm, 750 nm, 775 nm, 800 nm, 825 nm, 850 nm, 875 nm, 900 nm, 925 nm, 950 nm, 975 nm, 1000 nm, 1025 nm, 1050 nm, 1075 nm and / or 1100 nm.

[0115] In some embodiments, mineral particles and carrier materials can independently deflect light in the range of about 500 nm to about 1100 nm. In some embodiments, mineral particles and carrier materials can independently deflect light in the range of about 500 nm, 525 nm, 550 nm, 575 nm, 600 nm, 625 nm, 650 nm, 675 nm, 700 nm, 725 nm, 750 nm, 775 nm, 800 nm, 825 nm, 850 nm, 875 nm, 900 nm, 925 nm, 950 nm, 975 nm, 1000 nm, 1025 nm, 1050 nm, 1075 nm and / or 1100 nm.

[0116] In some embodiments, the mineral particles and the carrier material independently deflect light in the range of about 1100 nm to about 15000 nm. In some embodiments, the mineral particles and the carrier material independently deflect light in the range of about 1100 nm, 1200 nm, 1300 nm, 1400 nm, 1500 nm, 1600 nm, 1700 nm, 1800 nm, 1900 nm, 2000 nm, 2100 nm, 2200 nm, 2300 nm, 2400 nm, 2500 nm, 2600 nm, 2700 nm, 2800 nm, 2900 nm, 3000 nm, 3100 nm, 3200 nm, 3300 nm, 3400 nm, 3500 nm, 3600 nm, 3700 nm, 3800 nm, 3900 nm, 40 00nm, 4100nm, 4200nm, 4300nm, 4400nm, 4500nm, 4600nm, 4700nm, 4800 nm, 4900nm, 5000nm, 5100nm, 5200nm, 5300nm, 5400nm, 5500nm, 5600nm, 5700nm, 5800nm, 5900nm, 6000nm, 6100nm, 6200nm, 6300nm, 6400nm, 650 0nm, 6600nm, 6700nm, 6800nm, 6900nm, 7000nm, 7100nm, 7200nm, 7300nm , 7400nm, 7500nm, 7600nm, 7700nm, 7800nm, 7900nm, 8000nm, 8100nm, 8 200nm, 8300nm, 8400nm, 8500nm, 8600nm, 8700nm, 8800nm, 8900nm, 9000nm nm, 9100nm, 9200nm, 9300nm, 9400nm, 9500nm, 9600nm, 9700nm, 9800nm, 9900nm, 10000nm, 10100nm, 10200nm, 10300nm, 10400nm, 10500nm, 1060 0nm, 10700nm, 10800nm, 10900nm, 11000nm, 11100nm, 11200nm, 11300nm , 11400nm, 11500nm, 11600nm, 11700nm, 11800nm, 11900nm, 12000nm, 12 100nm, 12200nm, 12300nm, 12400nm, 12500nm, 12600nm, 12700nm, 12800 nm, 12900nm, 13000nm, 13100nm, 13200nm, 13300nm, 13400nm, 13500nm,The light is deflected at 13600nm, 13700nm, 13800nm, 13900nm, 14000nm, 14100nm, 14200nm, 14300nm, 14400nm, 14500nm, 14600nm, 14700nm, 14800nm, 14900nm and / or 15000nm.

[0117] In some embodiments, the mineral particles and the support material independently deflect light in the range of about 1100 nm to about 15000 nm. In some embodiments, the mineral particles and the support material independently deflect light in the ranges of about 1100 to 1200 nm, 1200 to 1400 nm, 1400 to 1600 nm, 1600 to 1800 nm, 1800 to 2000 nm, 2000 to 2200 nm, 2200 to 2400 nm, 2400 to 2600 nm, 2600 to 2800 nm, 2800 to 3000 nm, 3000 to 3200 nm, 3200 to 3400 nm, 3400 to 3600 nm, 3600 to 3800 nm, 3800 to 4000 nm, 4000 to 4200 nm, 4200 to 4400 nm, 4400~4600nm, 4600~4800nm, 4800~5000nm, 5000~5200nm, 5200~5400n m, 5400~5600nm, 5600~5800nm, 5800~6000nm, 6000~6200nm, 6200~6400 nm, 6400~6600nm, 6600~6800nm, 6800~7000nm, 7000~7200nm, 7200~7400nm, 7400~7600nm, 7600~7800nm, 7800~8000nm, 8000~8200nm, 8200~8 400nm, 8400~8600nm, 8600~8800nm, 8800~9000nm, 9000~9200nm, 9200 ~9400nm, 9400~9600nm, 9600~9800nm, 9800~10000nm, 10000~10200nm, 10200~10400nm, 10400~10600nm, 10600~10800nm, 10800~11000nm, 11 000~11200nm, 11200~11400nm, 11400~11600nm, 11600~11800nm, 11800 The light is deflected in the range of ~12000nm, 12000~12200nm, 12200~12400nm, 12400~12600nm, 12600~12800nm, 12800~13000nm, 13000~13200nm, 13200~13400nm, 13400~13600nm, 13600~13800nm, 13800~14000nm, 14000~14200nm, 14200~14400nm, 14400~14600nm, 14600~14800nm ​​and / or 14800~15000nm.

[0118] In some embodiments, the mineral particles and the carrier material independently cause complete deflection of light. In some embodiments, the mineral particles and the carrier material independently cause partial deflection of light.

[0119] In some embodiments, the mineral particles and the carrier material independently emit light in the range of about 200 nm to about 1100 nm. In some embodiments, the mineral particles of the mineral powder emit light at about 200 nm, 225 nm, 250 nm, 275 nm, 300 nm, 325 nm, 350 nm, 375 nm, 400 nm, 425 nm, 450 nm, 475 nm, 500 nm, 525 nm, 550 nm, 575 nm, 600 nm, 625 nm, 650 nm, 675 nm, 700 nm, 725 nm, 750 nm, 775 nm, 800 nm, 825 nm, 850 nm, 875 nm, 900 nm, 925 nm, 950 nm, 975 nm, 1000 nm, 1025 nm, 1050 nm, 1075 nm and / or 1100 nm.

[0120] In some embodiments, the mineral particles and the carrier material independently emit light in the range of about 200 nm to about 1100 nm. In some embodiments, the mineral particles and the carrier material independently emit light in the range of about 200 to 250 nm, 250 to 300 nm, 300 to 350 nm, 350 to 400 nm, 400 to 450 nm, 450 to 500 nm, 500 to 550 nm, 550 to 600 nm, 600 to 650 nm, 650 to 700 nm, 700 to 750 nm, 750 to 800 nm, 800 to 850 nm, 850 to 900 nm, 900 to 950 nm, 950 to 1000 nm, 1000 to 1050 nm and / or 1050 to 1100 nm.

[0121] In some embodiments, the active materials of the present disclosure are fibers and are described based on their strength (e.g., dry strength and wet strength).

[0122] In some embodiments, the active fiber material contains viscose as a carrier material and has a dry strength of about 20 cN / tex to about 30 cN / tex, including all ranges and values ​​between them, for example, about 20 cN / tex, about 21 cN / tex, about 22 cN / tex, about 23 cN / tex, about 24 cN / tex, about 25 cN / tex, about 26 cN / tex, about 27 cN / tex, about 28 cN / tex, about 29 cN / tex, or about 30 cN / tex. In some embodiments, the viscose-containing active fiber material has a dry strength of about 20 cN / tex to about 25 cN / tex. In some embodiments, the viscose-containing active fiber material has a dry strength of about 25 cN / tex to about 30 cN / tex. In some embodiments, the viscose-containing active fiber material has a dry strength of about 23 cN / tex to about 26 cN / tex. In some embodiments, the viscose-containing active fiber material has a dry strength of at least about 20 cN / tex, at least about 21 cN / tex, at least about 22 cN / tex, at least about 23 cN / tex, at least about 24 cN / tex, at least about 25 cN / tex, at least about 26 cN / tex, at least 27 cN / tex, at least 28 cN / tex, at least 29 cN / tex, or at least 30 cN / tex.

[0123] In some embodiments, the active fiber material contains viscose as a carrier material and has a wet strength of about 5 cN / tex to about 20 cN / tex, including all ranges and values ​​between them, for example, a wet strength of about 5 cN / tex, about 6 cN / tex, about 7 cN / tex, about 8 cN / tex, about 9 cN / tex, about 10 cN / tex, about 11 cN / tex, about 12 cN / tex, about 13 cN / tex, about 14 cN / tex, or about 15 cN / tex. In some embodiments, the viscose-containing active fiber material has a wet strength of about 10 cN / tex to about 15 cN / tex. In some embodiments, the viscose-containing active fiber material has a wet strength of at least about 5 cN / tex, at least about 6 cN / tex, at least about 7 cN / tex, at least about 8 cN / tex, at least about 9 cN / tex, at least about 10 cN / tex, at least about 11 cN / tex, at least 12 cN / tex, at least 13 cN / tex, at least 14 cN / tex, or at least 15 cN / tex.

[0124] In some embodiments, the active fiber material contains modal as a carrier material and has a dry strength of about 30 cN / tex to about 40 cN / tex, including all ranges and values ​​between them, for example, a dry strength of about 30 cN / tex, about 31 cN / tex, about 32 cN / tex, about 33 cN / tex, about 34 cN / tex, about 35 cN / tex, about 36 cN / tex, about 37 cN / tex, about 38 cN / tex, about 39 cN / tex, or about 40 cN / tex. In some embodiments, the modal-containing active fiber material has a dry strength of about 30 cN / tex to about 35 cN / tex. In some embodiments, the modal-containing active fiber material has a dry strength of about 35 cN / tex to about 40 cN / tex. In some embodiments, the modal-containing active fiber material has a dry strength of at least about 30 cN / tex, at least about 31 cN / tex, at least about 32 cN / tex, at least about 33 cN / tex, at least about 34 cN / tex, at least about 35 cN / tex, at least about 36 cN / tex, at least 37 cN / tex, at least 38 cN / tex, at least 39 cN / tex, or at least 40 cN / tex.

[0125] In some embodiments, the active fiber material contains modal as a carrier material and has a wet strength of about 15 cN / tex to about 25 cN / tex, including all ranges and values ​​between them, for example, about 15 cN / tex, about 16 cN / tex, about 17 cN / tex, about 18 cN / tex, about 19 cN / tex, about 20 cN / tex, about 21 cN / tex, about 22 cN / tex, about 23 cN / tex, about 24 cN / tex, or about 25 cN / tex. In some embodiments, the modal-containing active fiber material has a wet strength of about 15 cN / tex to about 20 cN / tex. In some embodiments, the modal-containing active fiber material has a wet strength of about 20 cN / tex to about 25 cN / tex. In some embodiments, the modal-containing active fiber material has a wet strength of at least about 15 cN / tex, at least about 16 cN / tex, at least about 17 cN / tex, at least about 18 cN / tex, at least about 19 cN / tex, at least about 20 cN / tex, at least about 21 cN / tex, at least 22 cN / tex, at least 23 cN / tex, at least 24 cN / tex, or at least 25 cN / tex.

[0126] In some embodiments, the active fiber material contains Tencel as a carrier material and has a dry strength of about 35 cN / tex to about 45 cN / tex, including all ranges and values ​​between them, for example, about 35 cN / tex, about 36 cN / tex, about 37 cN / tex, about 38 cN / tex, about 39 cN / tex, about 40 cN / tex, about 41 cN / tex, about 42 cN / tex, about 43 cN / tex, about 44 cN / tex, or about 45 cN / tex. In some embodiments, the Tencel-containing active fiber material has a dry strength of about 35 cN / tex to about 40 cN / tex. In some embodiments, the Tencel-containing active fiber material has a dry strength of about 40 cN / tex to about 45 cN / tex. In some embodiments, the Tencel-containing active fiber material has a dry strength of about 38 cN / tex to about 42 cN / tex. In some embodiments, the Tencel-containing active fiber material has a dry strength of at least about 35 cN / tex, at least about 36 cN / tex, at least about 37 cN / tex, at least about 38 cN / tex, at least about 39 cN / tex, at least about 40 cN / tex, at least about 41 cN / tex, at least 42 cN / tex, at least 43 cN / tex, at least 44 cN / tex, or at least 45 cN / tex.

[0127] In some embodiments, the active fiber material includes Tencel as a carrier material and has a wet strength of about 30 cN / tex to about 50 cN / tex, including all ranges and values ​​between them, for example, about 30 cN / tex, about 31 cN / tex, about 32 cN / tex, about 33 cN / tex, about 34 cN / tex, about 35 cN / tex, about 36 cN / tex, about 37 cN / tex, about 38 cN / tex, about 39 cN / tex, about 40 cN / tex, about 41 cN / tex, about 42 cN / tex, about 43 cN / tex, about 44 cN / tex, about 45 cN / tex, about 46 cN / tex, about 47 cN / tex, about 48 cN / tex, about 49 cN / tex, or about 50 cN / tex. In some embodiments, the Tencel-containing active fiber material has a wet strength of about 30 cN / tex to about 40 cN / tex. In some embodiments, the Tencel-containing active fiber material has a wet strength of about 30 cN / tex to about 50 cN / tex. In some embodiments, the Tencel-containing active fiber material has a wet strength of about 34 cN / tex to about 48 cN / tex. In some embodiments, the Tencel-containing active fiber material has a wet strength of at least about 34 cN / tex, at least about 35 cN / tex, at least about 36 cN / tex, at least about 37 cN / tex, at least about 38 cN / tex, at least about 39 cN / tex, at least about 40 cN / tex, at least 41 cN / tex, at least 42 cN / tex, at least 43 cN / tex, at least 44 cN / tex, at least 45 cN / tex, at least 46 cN / tex, at least 47 cN / tex, or at least 48 cN / tex.

[0128] In some embodiments, the active fiber material contains cotton as a carrier material and has a dry strength of about 15 cN / tex to about 30 cN / tex, including all ranges and values ​​between them, for example, about 15 cN / tex, about 16 cN / tex, about 17 cN / tex, about 18 cN / tex, about 19 cN / tex, about 20 cN / tex, about 21 cN / tex, about 22 cN / tex, about 23 cN / tex, about 24 cN / tex, about 25 cN / tex, about 26 cN / tex, about 27 cN / tex, about 28 cN / tex, about 29 cN / tex, or about 30 cN / tex. In some embodiments, the cotton-containing active fiber material has a dry strength of about 15 cN / tex to about 20 cN / tex. In some embodiments, the cotton-containing active fiber material has a dry strength of about 20 cN / tex to about 25 cN / tex. In some embodiments, the cotton-containing activated fiber material has a dry strength of about 25 cN / tex to about 30 cN / tex. In some embodiments, the cotton-containing activated fiber material has a dry strength of at least about 20 cN / tex, at least about 21 cN / tex, at least about 22 cN / tex, at least about 23 cN / tex, at least about 24 cN / tex, at least about 25 cN / tex, at least about 26 cN / tex, at least 27 cN / tex, at least 28 cN / tex, at least 29 cN / tex, or at least 30 cN / tex.

[0129] In some embodiments, the active fiber material contains cotton as a carrier material and has a wet strength of about 20 cN / tex to about 35 cN / tex, including all ranges and values ​​between them, for example, about 20 cN / tex, about 21 cN / tex, about 22 cN / tex, about 23 cN / tex, about 24 cN / tex, about 25 cN / tex, about 26 cN / tex, about 27 cN / tex, about 28 cN / tex, about 29 cN / tex, about 30 cN / tex, about 31 cN / tex, about 32 cN / tex, about 33 cN / tex, about 34 cN / tex, or about 35 cN / tex. In some embodiments, the cotton-containing active fiber material has a wet strength of about 20 cN / tex to about 25 cN / tex. In some embodiments, the cotton-containing active fiber material has a wet strength of about 25 cN / tex to about 30 cN / tex. In some embodiments, the cotton-containing activated fiber material has a wet strength of about 30 cN / tex to about 35 cN / tex. In some embodiments, the cotton-containing activated fiber material has a wet strength of at least about 23 cN / tex, at least about 24 cN / tex, at least about 25 cN / tex, at least about 26 cN / tex, at least about 27 cN / tex, at least about 28 cN / tex, at least about 29 cN / tex, at least 30 cN / tex, at least 31 cN / tex, at least 32 cN / tex, at least 33 cN / tex, at least 34 cN / tex, or at least 35 cN / tex.

[0130] In some embodiments, the active material of the present disclosure is a fiber and is described based on the elongation at break under dry or wet conditions.

[0131] In some embodiments, the active fiber material contains viscose as a carrier material and has an elongation at break (dry conditions) of about 10% to about 25%, including all ranges and values ​​between them, for example, about 10%, about 11%, about 12%, about 13%, about 14%, about 15%, about 16%, about 17%, about 18%, about 19%, about 20%, about 21%, about 22%, about 23%, about 24%, or about 25% elongation at break (dry conditions). In some embodiments, the viscose-containing active fiber material has an elongation at break (dry conditions) of about 15% to about 25%. In some embodiments, the viscose-containing active fiber material has an elongation at break (dry conditions) of about 20% to about 25%. In some embodiments, the viscose-containing active fiber material has an elongation at break (dry conditions) of about 16% to about 21%. In some embodiments, the viscose-containing active fiber material has a break elongation (dry condition) of at least 16%, at least 17%, at least 18%, at least 19%, at least 20%, or at least 21%.

[0132] In some embodiments, the active fiber material contains viscose as a carrier material and has an elongation at break (wet conditions) of about 20% to about 35%, including all ranges and values ​​between them, for example, about 20%, about 21%, about 22%, about 23%, about 24%, about 25%, about 26%, about 27%, about 28%, about 29%, about 30%, about 31%, about 32%, about 33%, about 34%, or about 35% elongation at break (wet conditions). In some embodiments, the viscose-containing active fiber material has an elongation at break (wet conditions) of about 20% to about 25%. In some embodiments, the viscose-containing active fiber material has an elongation at break (wet conditions) of about 25% to about 30%. In some embodiments, the viscose-containing active fiber material has a break elongation (wet conditions) of at least 25%, at least 26%, at least 27%, at least 28%, at least 29%, or at least 30%.

[0133] In some embodiments, the active fiber material contains modal as a carrier material and has an elongation at break (dry conditions) of about 10% to about 20%, including all ranges and values ​​between them, for example, about 10%, about 11%, about 12%, about 13%, about 14%, about 15%, about 16%, about 17%, about 18%, about 19%, or about 20%. In some embodiments, the modal-containing active fiber material has an elongation at break (dry conditions) of about 10% to about 15%. In some embodiments, the modal-containing active fiber material has an elongation at break (dry conditions) of about 15% to about 20%. In some embodiments, the modal-containing active fiber material has an elongation at break (dry conditions) of at least 12%, at least 13%, at least 14%, at least 15%, at least 16%, or at least 17%.

[0134] In some embodiments, the active fiber material contains modal as a carrier material and has an elongation at break (wet conditions) of about 10% to about 20%, including all ranges and values ​​between them, for example, about 10%, about 11%, about 12%, about 13%, about 14%, about 15%, about 16%, about 17%, about 18%, about 19%, or about 20%. In some embodiments, the modal-containing active fiber material has an elongation at break (wet conditions) of about 10% to about 15%. In some embodiments, the modal-containing active fiber material has an elongation at break (wet conditions) of about 15% to about 20%. In some embodiments, the modal-containing active fiber material has an elongation at break (wet conditions) of at least 12%, at least 13%, at least 14%, at least 15%, at least 16%, or at least 17%.

[0135] In some embodiments, the active fiber material contains Tencel as a carrier material and has an elongation at break (dry conditions) of about 10% to about 20%, including all ranges and values ​​between them, for example, about 10%, about 11%, about 12%, about 13%, about 14%, about 15%, about 16%, about 17%, about 18%, about 19%, or about 20%. In some embodiments, the Tencel-containing active fiber material has an elongation at break (dry conditions) of about 10% to about 15%. In some embodiments, the Tencel-containing active fiber material has an elongation at break (dry conditions) of about 15% to about 20%. In some embodiments, the Tencel-containing active fiber material has an elongation at break (dry conditions) of about 14% to about 16%. In some embodiments, the Tencel-containing active fiber material has a break elongation (dry condition) of at least 12%, at least 13%, at least 14%, at least 15%, or at least 16%.

[0136] In some embodiments, the active fiber material contains Tencel as a carrier material and has an elongation at break of about 10% to about 20% (wet conditions), including all ranges and values ​​between them, for example, about 10%, about 11%, about 12%, about 13%, about 14%, about 15%, about 16%, about 17%, about 18%, about 19%, or about 20% (wet conditions). In some embodiments, the Tencel-containing active fiber material has an elongation at break of about 10% to about 15% (wet conditions). In some embodiments, the Tencel-containing active fiber material has an elongation at break of about 15% to about 20% (wet conditions). In some embodiments, the Tencel-containing active fiber material has an elongation at break of about 16% to about 16% (wet conditions). In some embodiments, the Tencel-containing active fiber material has a break elongation (wet conditions) of at least 12%, at least 13%, at least 14%, at least 15%, at least 16%, at least 17%, or at least 18%.

[0137] In some embodiments, the active fiber material contains cotton as a carrier material and has an elongation at break (dry conditions) of about 5% to about 15%, including all ranges and values ​​between them, for example, about 5%, about 6%, about 7%, about 8%, about 9%, about 10%, about 11%, about 12%, about 13%, about 14%, or about 15%. In some embodiments, the cotton-containing active fiber material has an elongation at break (dry conditions) of about 5% to about 10%. In some embodiments, the cotton-containing active fiber material has an elongation at break (dry conditions) of about 7% to about 9%. In some embodiments, the cotton-containing active fiber material has an elongation at break (dry conditions) of about 10% to about 15%. In some embodiments, the cotton-containing active fiber material has an elongation at break (dry conditions) of at least 5%, at least 6%, at least 7%, at least 8%, or at least 9%.

[0138] In some embodiments, the active fiber material contains viscose as a carrier material and has an elongation at break of about 10% to about 20% (wet conditions), including all ranges and values ​​between them, for example, about 10%, about 11%, about 12%, about 13%, about 14%, about 15%, about 16%, about 17%, about 18%, about 19%, or about 20% (wet conditions). In some embodiments, the cotton-containing active fiber material has an elongation at break of about 10% to about 15% (wet conditions). In some embodiments, the cotton-containing active fiber material has an elongation at break of about 12% to about 14% (wet conditions). In some embodiments, the cotton-containing active fiber material has an elongation at break of about 15% to about 20% (wet conditions). In some embodiments, the cotton-containing activated fiber material has a break elongation (wet conditions) of at least 12%, at least 13%, at least 14%, at least 15%, at least 16%, or at least 17%.

[0139] In some embodiments, the active material of the present disclosure is a fiber and is described based on its finish.

[0140] In some embodiments, the active fiber material contains viscose as a carrier material and has a finish of about 0.15% to about 0.30%, including all ranges and values ​​between them, for example, about 0.16%, about 0.17%, about 0.18%, about 0.19%, about 0.20%, about 0.21%, about 0.22%, about 0.23%, about 0.24%, about 0.25%, about 0.26%, about 0.27%, about 0.28%, about 0.29%, or about 0.30%. In some embodiments, the viscose-containing active fiber material has a finish of about 0.19% to about 0.29%. In some embodiments, the viscose-containing active fiber material has a finish of about 0.24% to about 0.29%. In some embodiments, the viscose-containing active fiber material has a finish of at least 18%, at least 19%, at least 20%, at least 21%, at least 22%, at least 23%, at least 24%, at least 25%, at least 26%, at least 27%, at least 28%, or at least 29%.

[0141] In some embodiments, the active fiber material contains modal as a carrier material and has a finish of about 0.15% to about 0.30%, including all ranges and values ​​between them, for example, about 0.16%, about 0.17%, about 0.18%, about 0.19%, about 0.20%, about 0.21%, about 0.22%, about 0.23%, about 0.24%, about 0.25%, about 0.26%, about 0.27%, about 0.28%, about 0.29%, or about 0.30%. In some embodiments, the modal-containing active fiber material has a finish of about 0.19% to about 0.29%. In some embodiments, the modal-containing active fiber material has a finish of about 0.24% to about 0.29%. In some embodiments, the modal-containing active fiber material has a finish of at least 18%, at least 19%, at least 20%, at least 21%, at least 22%, at least 23%, at least 24%, at least 25%, at least 26%, at least 27%, at least 28%, or at least 29%.

[0142] In some embodiments, the active fiber material contains Tencel as a carrier material and has a finish of about 0.15% to about 0.30%, including all ranges and values ​​between them, for example, about 0.16%, about 0.17%, about 0.18%, about 0.19%, about 0.20%, about 0.21%, about 0.22%, about 0.23%, about 0.24%, about 0.25%, about 0.26%, about 0.27%, about 0.28%, about 0.29%, or about 0.30%. In some embodiments, the Tencel-containing active fiber material has a finish of about 0.19% to about 0.29%. In some embodiments, the Tencel-containing active fiber material has a finish of about 0.24% to about 0.29%. In some embodiments, the Tencel-containing active fiber material has a finish of at least 18%, at least 19%, at least 20%, at least 21%, at least 22%, at least 23%, at least 24%, at least 25%, at least 26%, at least 27%, at least 28%, or at least 29%.

[0143] In some embodiments, the active fiber material contains cotton as a carrier material and has a finish of about 0.15% to about 0.30%, including all ranges and values ​​between them, for example, about 0.16%, about 0.17%, about 0.18%, about 0.19%, about 0.20%, about 0.21%, about 0.22%, about 0.23%, about 0.24%, about 0.25%, about 0.26%, about 0.27%, about 0.28%, about 0.29%, or about 0.30%. In some embodiments, the cotton-containing active fiber material has a finish of about 0.19% to about 0.29%. In some embodiments, the cotton-containing active fiber material has a finish of about 0.24% to about 0.29%. In some embodiments, the cotton-containing activated fiber material has a finish of at least 18%, at least 19%, at least 20%, at least 21%, at least 22%, at least 23%, at least 24%, at least 25%, at least 26%, at least 27%, at least 28%, or at least 29%.

[0144] Manufacturing of active materials Once a carrier material is selected and mineral particles are selected and ground into a powder of the desired size and shape, the active material is constructed. In some embodiments, the mineral powder is dispersed, suspended, embedded, or otherwise incorporated into the carrier material in a rotating drum equipped with a paddle mixer, etc., by methods known in the art. In some embodiments, the mineral powder is incorporated into the carrier material by other processes known in the art, such as compounding. Examples of grinding and combining processes can be found in U.S. Patents 6,204,317, 6,214,264, and 6,218,007.

[0145] In some embodiments, the carrier material is initially in the form of pellets and is dried to remove moisture, for example, by using a desiccant dryer. In some embodiments, heating or cooling is required before and / or during the step of dispersing, suspending, embedding, or incorporating the minerals to obtain a uniform dispersion.

[0146] In some embodiments, once the minerals are dispersed in the carrier material, the resulting active material is hardened or solidified.

[0147] In some embodiments, the active material is prepared in the form of extruded fibers. Basic techniques for forming polyester fibers by extrusion from commercially available raw materials are well known to those skilled in the art and are not repeated in other forms herein. Such conventional techniques are very suitable for forming the fibers of this disclosure and are described in U.S. Patent No. 6,067,785, which is expressly incorporated herein in whole by reference.

[0148] In some embodiments, after extrusion, the fibers are combined by a spinning process, preferably using a rotary spinning machine, to produce yarn. In some embodiments, the aperture size of the rotary spinning machine ranges from about 6 microns to about 30 microns.

[0149] In some embodiments, the step of spinning the fibers of the present disclosure into yarn includes the step of spinning staples having about 1 to about 3 denier per fiber, and accordingly, the step of forming fibers of those sizes prior to the step of spinning the molten polyester into fibers. The fibers are heat-set before being cut into staples, typically by conventional techniques. In some embodiments, the extruded fibers are stretched while solidified by methods for imparting strength that are known in the art.

[0150] In some embodiments, the Disclosure provides a method for producing an active fiber material, comprising the step of suspending a plurality of mineral particles in a cellulose or semicellulose carrier material to provide an active fiber material, wherein the mineral particles constitute about 1% to about 20% by weight of the fiber material. In some embodiments, the mineral particles constitute about 1.25% to about 10% by weight of the fiber material. In some embodiments, the mineral particles constitute about 1% to about 5% by weight of the fiber material. In some embodiments, the mineral particles constitute about 1.25% to about 5% by weight of the fiber material. In some embodiments, the mineral particles constitute about 1.5% to about 10% by weight of the fiber material. In some embodiments, the mineral particles constitute about 2% to about 10% by weight of the fiber material. In some embodiments, the mineral particles constitute about 2.5% to about 10% by weight of the fiber material. In some embodiments, the mineral particles constitute about 3% to about 10% by weight of the fiber material. In some embodiments, the mineral particles constitute about 3.5% to about 10% by weight of the fiber material. In some embodiments, mineral particles constitute about 4% to about 10% by weight of the fibrous material. In some embodiments, mineral particles constitute about 4.5% to about 10% by weight of the fibrous material. In some embodiments, mineral particles constitute about 5% to about 10% by weight of the fibrous material.

[0151] In some embodiments, the method further includes the step of reducing the average particle size of the mineral particles to less than about 2.0 μm before suspending the mineral particles in a carrier material.

[0152] In some embodiments, the method further includes the step of spinning an active fiber material to provide a yarn. In some embodiments, the method further includes the step of weaving the yarn with one or more natural or synthetic fibers to provide a fabric. In some embodiments, the method further includes the step of knitting the yarn with one or more natural or synthetic fibers to provide a fabric.

[0153] In some embodiments, the method further includes the step of forming a fabric, typically a woven or knitted fabric from spun yarns, usually a combination of both natural and synthetic fibers. Typical natural fibers include, but are not limited to, cotton, wool, linen, silk, ramie, and jute. Other typical synthetic fibers include acrylic, acetate, lycra, spandex, polyester, nylon, and rayon. In some embodiments, the method further includes the step of forming a nonwoven fabric. In some embodiments, the method further includes the step of preparing a nonwoven fabric from an active fiber material.

[0154] In some embodiments, minerals make up about 0.5% to about 10% of the active material. In some embodiments, minerals make up about 0.5% to about 5% of the active material. In some embodiments, minerals make up about 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0%, 2.5%, 3.0%, 3.5%, 4.0%, 4.5%, or 5.0% of the active material.

[0155] In some embodiments, minerals constitute about 0.5% to about 10% of the active material. In some embodiments, minerals constitute about 0.5% to about 5% of the active material. In some embodiments, minerals constitute in the range of about 0.5-1.0%, 1.0-1.5%, 1.5-2.0%, 2.0-2.5%, 2.5-3.0%, 3.0-4.0%, or 4.0-5.0% of the active material.

[0156] Manipulation of active materials The active materials described herein may be manipulated into different forms depending on the application requirements. In some embodiments, the active materials may be formed into useful building blocks such as fibers or films. In some embodiments, the active materials may be formed into small beads or particles having an average size of less than about 5 cm, less than about 1 cm, or less than about 0.5 cm.

[0157] In some embodiments, after the mineral powder and carrier material are combined, the resulting liquid, viscous oil, or semi-solid is extruded into various shapes and forms. In some embodiments, the active material is extruded into fibers. In some embodiments, the active material is extruded into staple fibers of various lengths. Examples of this extrusion process known in the art can be found in previously disclosed references and U.S. Patent No. 6,067,785.

[0158] In some embodiments, once the active material is extruded into various shapes, it is dried, cured, and / or solidified.

[0159] In some embodiments, once the polymer material system is extruded into the form of fibers, the fibers are combined by a spinning process, such as a spinning process using a rotary spinning machine, to produce yarn. In some embodiments, the aperture size of the rotary spinning machine ranges from about 6 microns to about 30 microns.

[0160] In some embodiments, the step of spinning the fibers into yarn includes spinning staple fibers having about 1 to about 3 denier per fiber, and accordingly, also includes a step of forming fibers of those sizes prior to the step of spinning the molten polyester into fibers. The fibers are heat-set before being cut into staples, typically by conventional techniques. In some embodiments, the extruded fibers are stretched while solidifying by methods for imparting strength that are known in the art.

[0161] In some embodiments, yarns made from the active material are further formed into fabrics or textiles, typically woven or knitted fabrics, by combination with both natural and synthetic fibers. Non-limiting examples of natural fibers include cotton, wool, linen, silk, ramie, and jute. Non-limiting examples of synthetic fibers include acrylic, acetate, Lycra®, spandex, polyester, nylon, and rayon.

[0162] In some embodiments, yarn made from an active material is dyed. In some embodiments, fabric or textile made from an active material containing yarn is dyed. The dyes can be synthetic or natural dyes. Non-limiting examples of dye types include direct dyes, acid dyes, disperse dyes, reactive dyes, basic dyes, mordant dyes, sulfur dyes, and vat dyes.

[0163] In some embodiments, yarn made from the active material is incorporated into a blend with cotton and polyester in any proportion. In some embodiments, the blend contains about 35% to about 65% by weight of cotton with the remainder being polyester. In some embodiments, the blend is about 35 / 65 (35% by weight cotton and 65% by weight polyester), 36 / 64, 37 / 63, 38 / 62, 39 / 61, 40 / 60, 41 / 59, 42 / 58, 43 / 57, 44 / 56, 45 / 55, 46 / 54, 47 / 53, 48 / 52, 49 / 51, 50 / 50, 51 / 49, 52 / 48, 53 / 47, 54 / 46, 55 / 45, 56 / 44, 57 / 43, 58 / 42, 59 / 41, 60 / 40, 61 / 39, 62 / 38, 63 / 37, 64 / 36, or 65 / 35.

[0164] In some embodiments, yarn made from the active material is incorporated into a cotton-polyester blend of 50% cotton and 50% polyester (50 / 50).

[0165] In some embodiments, the active material may be produced in different fibers. Other methods for producing fibers, such as those described in U.S. Patent Nos. 3,341,512; 3,377,129; 4,666,454; 4,975,233; 5,008,230; 5,091,504; 5,135,697; 5,272,246; 4,270,913; 4,384,450; 4,466,237; 4,113,794; and 5,694,754, are also suitable, and all of these are explicitly incorporated herein by reference as a whole.

[0166] In some embodiments, the active material is extruded into staple fibers with a length ranging from approximately 0.1 cm to 15 cm.In some embodiments, the staple fibers are approximately 0.1cm, 0.2cm, 0.3cm, 0.4cm, 0.5cm, 0.6cm, 0.7cm, 0.8cm, 0.9cm, 1.0cm, 1.1cm, 1.2cm, 1.3cm, 1.4cm, 1.5cm, 1.6cm, 1.7cm, 1.8cm, 1.9cm, 2.0cm, 2.1cm, 2.2cm, 2.3cm, 2.4cm, 2.5cm, 2.6cm, 2.7cm, 2.8cm, 2.9cm, 3.0cm, 3.1cm, 3.2cm, 3.3cm, 3.4cm, 3.5cm, 3.6cm, 3.7cm m, 3.8cm, 3.9cm, 4.0cm, 4.1cm, 4.2cm, 4.3cm, 4.4cm, 4.5cm, 4.6cm, 4.7cm, 4.8cm, 4.9cm, 5.0cm, 5.1cm, 5.2cm, 5.3cm, 5.4cm, 5.5cm, 5.6cm, 5.7cm, 5.8cm, 5.9cm, 6.0cm, 6.1cm, 6.2cm, 6.3cm, 6.4cm, 6.5cm, 6.6cm, 6.7cm, 6.8cm, 6.9cm, 7.0cm, 7.1cm, 7.2cm, 7.3cm, 7.4cm, 7.5cm, 7.6cm, 7.7cm, 7.8 cm, 7.9cm, 8.0cm, 8.1cm, 8.2cm, 8.3cm, 8.4cm, 8.5cm, 8.6cm, 8.7cm, 8.8cm, 8.9cm, 9.0cm, 9.1cm, 9.2cm, 9.3cm, 9.4cm, 9.5cm, 9.6cm, 9.7cm, 9.8cm , 9.9cm, 10.0cm, 10.1cm, 10.2cm, 10.3cm, 10.4cm, 10.5cm, 10.6cm, 10.7cm, 10.8cm, 10.9cm, 11.0cm, 11.1cm, 11.2cm, 11.3cm, 11.4cm, 11.5cm, 11.6 The dimensions are 11.7cm, 11.8cm, 11.9cm, 12.0cm, 12.1cm, 12.2cm, 12.3cm, 12.4cm, 12.5cm, 12.6cm, 12.7cm, 12.8cm, 12.9cm, 13.0cm, 13.1cm, 13.2cm, 13.3cm, 13.4cm, 13.5cm, 13.6cm, 13.7cm, 13.8cm, 13.9cm, 14.0cm, 14.1cm, 14.2cm, 14.3cm, 14.4cm, 14.5cm, 14.6cm, 14.7cm, 14.8cm, 14.9cm, or 15.0cm.

[0167] In some embodiments, a polyester mixture is used to produce staple fibers. In some embodiments, the staple fibers are used to produce a nonwoven film.

[0168] In some embodiments, the active material is extruded into a film with a thickness ranging from about 0.05 mm to 1.00 mm. In some embodiments, the film extruded from the active material is approximately 0.05 mm, 0.06 mm, 0.07 mm, 0.08 mm, 0.09 mm, 0.10 mm, 0.11 mm, 0.12 mm, 0.13 mm, 0.14 mm, 0.15 mm, 0.16 mm, 0.17 mm, 0.18 mm, 0.19 mm, 0.20 mm, 0.21 mm, 0.22 mm, 0.23 mm, 0.24 mm, 0.25 mm. m, 0.26mm, 0.27mm, 0.28mm, 0.29mm, 0.30mm, 0.31mm, 0.32mm, 0.33mm, 0.34mm, 0.35mm, 0.36mm, 0.37mm, 0.3 8mm, 0.39mm, 0.40mm, 0.41mm, 0.42mm, 0.43mm, 0.44mm, 0.45mm, 0.46mm, 0.47mm, 0.48mm, 0.49mm, 0.50mm, 0 .51mm, 0.52mm, 0.53mm, 0.54mm, 0.55mm, 0.56mm, 0.57mm, 0.58mm, 0.59mm, 0.60mm, 0.61mm, 0.62mm, 0.63mm , 0.64mm, 0.65mm, 0.66mm, 0.67mm, 0.68mm, 0.69mm, 0.70mm, 0.71mm, 0.72mm, 0.73mm, 0.74mm, 0.75mm, 0.76 It has a thickness of mm, 0.77 mm, 0.78 mm, 0.79 mm, 0.80 mm, 0.81 mm, 0.82 mm, 0.83 mm, 0.84 mm, 0.85 mm, 0.86 mm, 0.87 mm, 0.88 mm, 0.89 mm, 0.90 mm, 0.91 mm, 0.92 mm, 0.93 mm, 0.94 mm, 0.95 mm, 0.96 mm, 0.97 mm, 0.98 mm, 0.99 mm, or 1.00 mm.

[0169] In some embodiments, the active material is extruded into a film with a thickness ranging from approximately 0.05 mm to 0.5 mm. In some embodiments, the film extruded from the active material has thicknesses of approximately 0.05-0.06 mm, 0.06-0.08 mm, 0.09-0.10 mm, 0.10-0.12 mm, 0.12-0.14 mm, 0.14-0.16 mm, 0.16-0.18 mm, 0.18-0.20 mm, 0.20-0.22 mm, 0.22-0.24 mm, and 0.24-0. It has a thickness in the range of 26 mm, 0.26-0.28 mm, 0.28-0.30 mm, 0.30-0.32 mm, 0.32-0.34 mm, 0.34-0.36 mm, 0.36-0.38 mm, 0.38-0.40 mm, 0.40-0.42 mm, 0.42-0.44 mm, 0.44-0.46 mm, 0.46-0.48 mm, or 0.48-0.50 mm.

[0170] In some embodiments, the active material is extruded into sheets with thicknesses ranging from approximately 1 mm to 100 mm, woven, or nonwoven. In some embodiments, the film extruded from the active material is approximately 1 mm, 2 mm, 3 mm, 4 mm, 5 mm, 6 mm, 7 mm, 8 mm, 9 mm, 10 mm, 11 mm, 12 mm, 13 mm, 14 mm, 15 mm, 16 mm, 17 mm, 18 mm, 19 mm, 20 mm, 21 mm, 22 mm, 23 mm, 24 mm, 25 mm, 26 mm, 27 mm, 28 mm, 29 mm, 30 mm, 31 mm, 32 mm, 33 mm, 34 mm, 35 mm, 36 mm, 37 mm, 38 mm, 39 mm, 40 mm, 41 mm, 42 mm, 43 mm, 44 mm, 45 mm, 46 mm, 47 mm, 48 mm, 49 mm Having a thickness of mm, 50mm, 51mm, 52mm, 53mm, 54mm, 55mm, 56mm, 57mm, 58mm, 59mm, 60mm, 61mm, 62mm, 63mm, 64mm, 65mm, 66mm, 67mm, 68mm, 69mm, 70mm, 71mm, 72mm, 73mm, 74mm, 75mm, 76mm, 77mm, 78mm, 79mm, 80mm, 81mm, 82mm, 83mm, 84mm, 85mm, 86mm, 87mm, 88mm, 89mm, 90mm, 91mm, 92mm, 93mm, 94mm, 95mm, 96mm, 97mm, 98mm, 99mm, or 100mm.

[0171] Products made from active materials As described herein, the active materials can be extruded into various types of fibers to form fabrics or textiles, or extruded into films. These materials can be converted into a variety of products useful in the textile field. Non-limiting examples of such products include upholstery for interior decoration, fashion products, socks, footwear, activewear, sportswear, sports wraps, base layers, gloves, and bandages.

[0172] In some embodiments, the Disclosure provides fabrics comprising the active fibers or yarns disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the fabric comprises one or more natural fibers. In some embodiments, the one or more natural or synthetic fibers are selected from the group consisting of cotton, wool, linen, silk, ramie, jute, and mixtures thereof. In some embodiments, the one or more natural or synthetic fibers are selected from the group consisting of acrylic, acetate, Lycra, spandex, polyester, nylon, rayon, and mixtures thereof.

[0173] In some embodiments, the fabric is approximately 30% by weight to approximately 100% by weight, including all ranges and values ​​in between, for example, approximately 32% by weight, approximately 34% by weight, approximately 36% by weight, approximately 38% by weight, approximately 40% by weight, approximately 42% by weight, approximately 44% by weight, approximately 46% by weight, approximately 48% by weight, approximately 50% by weight, approximately 52% by weight, approximately 54% by weight, approximately 56% by weight, approximately 58% by weight, approximately 60% by weight, approximately 62% by weight The fabric comprises about 100% by weight, about 64% by weight, about 66% by weight, about 68% by weight, about 70% by weight, about 72% by weight, about 74% by weight, about 76% by weight, about 78% by weight, about 80% by weight, about 82% by weight, about 84% by weight, about 86% by weight, about 88% by weight, about 90% by weight, about 92% by weight, about 94% by weight, about 96% by weight, about 98% by weight, or about 100% by weight of the activated fiber materials disclosed herein and mixtures thereof. In some embodiments, the fabric comprises about 30% by weight to about 95% by weight of the activated fiber materials disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the fabric comprises about 30% by weight to about 90% by weight of the activated fiber materials disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the fabric comprises about 30% by weight to about 80% by weight of the activated fiber materials disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the fabric comprises about 30% by weight to about 70% by weight of the activated fiber materials disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the fabric comprises about 30% to about 60% by weight of the activated fiber material disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the fabric comprises about 40% to about 60% by weight of the activated fiber material disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the fabric comprises about 50% to about 60% by weight of the activated fiber material disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the fabric comprises about 33% to about 47% by weight of the activated fiber material disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the fabric comprises at least about 40% by weight, at least about 41% by weight, at least about 42% by weight, at least about 43% by weight, at least about 44% by weight, at least about 45% by weight, at least about 46% by weight, at least about 47% by weight, at least about 48% by weight, at least about 49% by weight, or at least about 50% by weight of the activated fiber material disclosed herein.In some embodiments, the fabric comprises at least about 42% by weight of the activated fiber material disclosed herein.

[0174] In some embodiments, the fabric comprises the active fiber material or yarn of the disclosure; cotton; and polyester. In some embodiments, the fabric comprises the active fiber material; cotton; and polyester. In some embodiments, the fabric comprises the yarn; cotton; and polyester. In some embodiments, the fabric comprises about 30% to about 80% of the active fiber material or yarn disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the fabric comprises about 60% of the active fiber material or yarn disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the fabric comprises about 5% to about 20% cotton. In some embodiments, the fabric comprises about 5% to about 20% polyester. In some embodiments, the fabric comprises about 80% of the active fiber material or yarn disclosed herein, about 10% cotton, and about 10% polyester. In some embodiments, the fabric comprises about 60% of the active fiber material or yarn disclosed herein, about 20% cotton, and about 20% polyester. In some embodiments, the fabric weight is approximately 30gsm to approximately 950gsm, including all ranges and values ​​in between, such as approximately 30gsm, approximately 50gsm, approximately 100gsm, approximately 150gsm, approximately 200gsm, approximately 250gsm, approximately 300gsm, approximately 350gsm, approximately 400gsm, approximately 450gsm, approximately 500gsm, approximately 550gsm, approximately 600gsm, approximately 650gsm, approximately 700gsm, approximately 750gsm, approximately 800gsm, approximately 850gsm, approximately 900gsm, or approximately 950gsm. In some embodiments, the fabric weight is approximately 30gsm to approximately 500gsm. In some embodiments, the fabric weight is approximately 30gsm to approximately 250gsm. In some embodiments, the fabric weight is approximately 30gsm to approximately 150gsm. In some embodiments, the fabric weight is approximately 250 gsm to approximately 500 gsm. In some embodiments, the fabric weight is approximately 500 gsm to approximately 750 gsm. In some embodiments, the fabric weight is approximately 750 gsm to approximately 950 gsm.

[0175] In some embodiments, the fibers, fabrics, or yarns of the present disclosure are characterized by their ability to produce an increase in transcutaneous oxygen partial pressure (tcPO2) compared to a placebo comparator. Transcutaneous oxygen measurement is a non-invasive measurement of skin oxidation and gives a tcPO2 value. Methods for measuring tcPO2 are known to those skilled in the art. The increase in tcPO2 of the fibers, fabrics, or yarns of the present disclosure is calculated by comparing the tcPO2 of the fibers, fabrics, or yarns of the present disclosure with the tcPO2 of a placebo fiber, fabric, or yarn (i.e., a substantially similarly constructed fiber, fabric, or yarn that does not contain mineral particles). According to the present disclosure, the test conditions for the placebo and the active material are substantially similar (for example, the placebo and active material samples are placed on the skin for approximately the same length of time and at approximately the same temperature, etc., before measuring tcPO2). The transcutaneous oxygen partial pressure of the placebo fiber, fabric, or yarn is referred to herein as “baseline tcPO2”. The increase in tcPO2 given by the active material of this disclosure is calculated by the following formula.

[0176] Increase in tcPO2 (%) = [(tcPO2-activated material - baseline tcPO2) / baseline tcPO2] × 100 For example, if the tcPO2 of the active material is measured at 60 mmHg and the baseline tcPO2 is measured at 55 mmHg, the increase in tcPO2 (%) is 9.1%. Therefore, the above active material results in a 9.1% increase in tcPO2 compared to the baseline tcPO2.

[0177] In some embodiments, the fibers, fabrics, or yarns of the Disclosure result in an increase in transcutaneous oxygen partial pressure (tcPO2) of at least about 5%, at least about 6%, at least about 7%, at least about 8%, at least about 9%, at least about 10%, at least about 11%, at least about 12%, at least about 13%, or at least about 14% compared to baseline tcPO2. In some embodiments, the fabrics of the Disclosure result in an increase in tcPO2 of at least about 7% compared to baseline transcutaneous oxygen partial pressure (tcPO2).

[0178] In some embodiments, the fibers, fabrics or yarns of the present disclosure result in an increase in transcutaneous oxygen partial pressure (tcPO2) of about 7% to about 20% compared to a baseline transcutaneous oxygen partial pressure (tcPO2), including all ranges and values therebetween, such as an increase in transcutaneous oxygen partial pressure (tcPO2) of about 7%, about 8%, about 9%, about 10%, about 11%, about 12%, about 13%, about 14%, about 15%, about 16%, about 17%, about 18%, about 19% or about 20%. In some embodiments, the fibers, fabrics or yarns result in an increase in tcPO2 of about 9.4% to about 14.3% compared to a baseline transcutaneous oxygen partial pressure (tcPO2).

[0179] In some embodiments, the fibers, fabrics or yarns of the present disclosure are characterized by their ability to result in an increase in emissivity compared to a placebo comparator. As is known to those skilled in the art, emissivity is a measure of the ability of a material to emit infrared energy (IR output). Methods for measuring emissivity are known to those skilled in the art. The increase in emissivity of the fibers, fabrics or yarns of the present disclosure (referred to herein as the "emission power difference" (or "ΔEP")) is calculated by comparing the emissivity of the fibers, fabrics or yarns of the present disclosure to the emissivity of the placebo fibers, fabrics or yarns of the present disclosure (i.e., a similarly constructed material without mineral particles). As used herein, the emission power difference is calculated from the following formula.

[0180] ΔEP = EP DF - EP CF where EP DF is the emission power (mW / cm 2 ) measured at 35 °C for the fabric of the present disclosure at 2.5 - 20 μm, and EP CF is the emission power (mW / cm 2 ) measured at 35 °C for the control fabric at 2.5 - 20 μm. For example, if EP DF is measured to be 37 mW / cm 2 and EP CF is measured to be 36.75 mW / cm 2 , the emission power difference ΔEP is 0.25 mW / cm based on the above equation.2 Therefore, the above fabric has a wattage of 0.25 mW / cm². 2 It gives ΔEP.

[0181] In some embodiments, the fibers, fabrics, or yarns of the present disclosure have a density of approximately 0.05 mW / cm². 2 ~approximately 2mW / cm² 2 Give the emission force difference (ΔEP), including all ranges and values ​​between them, for example, about 0.05 mW / cm². 2 , about 0.1mW / cm 2 , about 0.15mW / cm 2 Approximately 0.2 mW / cm² 2 , about 0.25mW / cm 2 , about 0.3mW / cm 2 , about 0.35mW / cm 2 , about 0.4mW / cm 2 , about 0.45mW / cm 2 , about 0.5mW / cm 2 , about 0.55mW / cm 2 Approximately 0.6 mW / cm² 2 , about 0.65mW / cm 2 , about 0.7mW / cm 2 , about 0.75mW / cm 2 , about 0.8mW / cm 2 , about 0.85mW / cm 2 Approximately 0.9 mW / cm² 2 , about 1mW / cm 2 , about 1.05mW / cm 2 , about 1.1mW / cm 2 , about 1.15mW / cm 2 Approximately 1.2 mW / cm² 2 , about 1.25mW / cm 2 , about 1.3mW / cm 2 , about 1.35mW / cm 2 , about 1.4mW / cm 2 , about 1.45mW / cm 2 , about 1.5mW / cm 2 , about 1.55mW / cm 2 Approximately 1.6 mW / cm² 2 , about 1.65mW / cm 2 , about 1.7mW / cm 2 , about 1.75mW / cm2 , about 1.8mW / cm 2 , about 1.85mW / cm 2 Approximately 1.9 mW / cm² 2 Or approximately 2 mW / cm² 2 This provides a difference in emission force (ΔEP). In some embodiments, the fiber, fabric, or yarn provides at least about 0.25 mW / cm². 2 It gives ΔEP of . In some embodiments, the fiber, fabric or yarn has at least about 0.3 mW / cm² 2 It gives a ΔEP of 0.35 mW / cm². In some embodiments, the fiber, fabric or yarn has a ΔEP of at least about 0.35 mW / cm². 2 It gives a ΔEP of 0.4 mW / cm². In some embodiments, the fiber, fabric, or yarn has a ΔEP of at least about 0.4 mW / cm². 2 It gives a ΔEP of 0.45 mW / cm². In some embodiments, the fiber, fabric or yarn has a ΔEP of at least about 0.45 mW / cm². 2 It gives a ΔEP of 0.50 mW / cm². In some embodiments, the fiber, fabric or yarn has a ΔEP of at least about 0.50 mW / cm². 2 It gives a ΔEP of 0.55 mW / cm². In some embodiments, the fiber, fabric or yarn has a ΔEP of at least about 0.55 mW / cm². 2 It gives a ΔEP of 0.6 mW / cm². In some embodiments, the fiber, fabric, or yarn has a ΔEP of at least about 0.6 mW / cm². 2 It gives a ΔEP of 0.65 mW / cm². In some embodiments, the fiber, fabric, or yarn has a ΔEP of at least about 0.65 mW / cm². 2 It gives a ΔEP of 0.7 mW / cm². In some embodiments, the fiber, fabric, or yarn has a ΔEP of at least about 0.7 mW / cm². 2 It gives a ΔEP of 0.75 mW / cm². In some embodiments, the fiber, fabric or yarn has a ΔEP of at least about 0.75 mW / cm². 2 It gives a ΔEP of . In some embodiments, the fiber, fabric or yarn has at least about 1 mW / cm 2 It gives ΔEP.

[0182] In some embodiments, the fibers, fabrics, or yarns of the Disclosure are characterized based on their mineral content. In some embodiments, the mineral content is determined by ash testing of the fibers, fabrics, or yarns of the Disclosure. Generally, ash testing as referred herein involves the process of ashing a sample of the fiber, fabric, or yarn in a furnace set to a constant temperature. In some embodiments, ash testing is carried out in accordance with known industry standards, including the ASTM D2584 test and the ASTM D5630 test. In some embodiments, the ash content of the fabrics of the Disclosure is at least 0.5%. In some embodiments, the ash content of the fabrics of the Disclosure is at least 1.0%. In some embodiments, the ash content of the fabrics of the Disclosure is at least 1.5%. In some embodiments, the ash content of the fabrics of the Disclosure is at least 2.0%. In some embodiments, the ash content of the fabrics of the Disclosure is at least 2.5%. In some embodiments, the ash content of the fabrics of the Disclosure is at least 3.0%. In some embodiments, the ash content of the fabrics of the Disclosure is at least 3.5%. In some embodiments, the ash content of the fabric of the disclosure is at least 4.0%. In some embodiments, the ash content of the fabric of the disclosure is at least 4.5%. In some embodiments, the ash content of the fabric of the disclosure is at least 5.0%. In some embodiments, the ash content of the fabric of the disclosure is at least 5.5%. In some embodiments, the ash content of the fabric of the disclosure is at least 6.0%. In some embodiments, the ash content of the fabric of the disclosure is at least 5.5%. In some embodiments, the ash content of the fabric of the disclosure is at least 7.0%. In some embodiments, the ash content of the fabric of the disclosure is at least 7.5%. In some embodiments, the ash content of the fabric of the disclosure is at least 8.0%. [Examples]

[0183] [Example 1] A representative method for preparing the active fiber material of the present disclosure Methods for arranging particles, such as those described in Mahltig, B., "Cellulosic-Based Composite Fibers," Inorganic and Composite Fibers: Production, Properties, and Applications, Cambridge, UK: Woodhead Publishing, 2018, pp. 277-301 (the entirety of which is incorporated herein by reference), are known to those skilled in the art.

[0184] For example, cellulosic fibers (such as viscose, lyocell, and Tencel) are dissolved in an ionic liquid, such as N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide (NMMO), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate (EMIMac), or 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (BMIMCl). From this solution, the fibers are spun. Then, inorganic components are introduced into the spinning fluid and thereby into the formed fibers. [Example 2] Active fiber material of the present disclosure Active fiber materials containing approximately 5% by weight of mineral particles and approximately 10% by weight of mineral particles were prepared. The carrier material was viscose. Figure 1A shows the viscose-containing active fiber material containing approximately 5% by weight of mineral particles. Figure 1B shows the viscose-containing active fiber material containing approximately 10% by weight of mineral particles.

[0185] The following table shows the fiber properties of two types of viscose fibers containing 5% by weight of mineral particles, and a reference sample that does not contain mineral particles.

[0186] [Table 1]

[0187] A fabric with the following composition was prepared: 60% viscose-containing active fiber material (mineral particles accounted for 5% by weight of the active fiber material); 20% cotton and 20% polyester. The fabric resulted in a 9.4% to 14.3% increase in tcPO2 compared to baseline. The fabric gave an ash content test value of 3.13% to 3.17%.

[0188] Embedding by reference All references, articles, publications, patents, patent gazettes, and patent applications cited herein are incorporated by reference as a whole for all purposes. However, no reference to any reference, article, publication, patent, patent gazette, or patent application cited herein should, and should not, be considered, as an acknowledgment or suggestion in any way that they constitute prior art in effect in any country of the world or form part of common general knowledge.

[0189] Numbered Embodiments 1. Cellulose or semicellulose carrier material; and Multiple mineral particles arranged within a carrier material An active fiber material containing, An active fiber material in which mineral particles make up approximately 1.25% to 10% by weight of the fiber material. 2. The active fiber material according to Embodiment 1, wherein mineral particles constitute about 2% to about 7% by weight of the fiber material. 3. The active fiber material according to Embodiment 1, wherein mineral particles constitute approximately 5% by weight of the fiber material. 4. The active fiber material according to Embodiment 1, wherein mineral particles constitute about 10% by weight of the fiber material. 5. An active fiber material according to any one embodiment of Embodiments 1 to 4, wherein the cellulose or semicellulose carrier material is selected from the group consisting of lyocell, modal, rayon, viscose, and mixtures thereof. 6. The active fiber material according to Embodiment 5, wherein the cellulose or semicellulose carrier material comprises lyocell, modal, rayon, or viscose or a mixture thereof. 7. An active fiber material according to any one embodiment of Embodiments 1 to 4, wherein the cellulose or semicellulose material is viscose. 8. An active fiber material according to any one embodiment of Embodiments 1 to 7, wherein the cellulose or semicellulose carrier material is made from bamboo, soybeans, or sugarcane. 9. An active fiber material according to any one embodiment of Embodiments 1 to 7, wherein the cellulose or semicellulose carrier material is made from woody material. 10. The active fiber material according to Embodiment 9, wherein the woody portion is made of softwood. 11. The active fiber material according to Embodiment 10, wherein the softwood is selected from the group consisting of spruce, pine, fir, larch, hemlock, and mixtures thereof. 12. The active fiber material according to Embodiment 9, wherein the woody portion is a hardwood. 13. The active fiber material according to Embodiment 12, wherein the hardwood is selected from the group consisting of oak, beech, birch, aspen, poplar, eucalyptus and mixtures thereof. 14. The active fiber material according to Embodiment 12, wherein the hardwood is not eucalyptus. 15. An active fiber material according to any one embodiment of Embodiments 1 to 14, wherein the mineral particles are electromagnetically active mineral particles. 16. An active fiber material according to any one embodiment of Embodiments 1 to 15, wherein the mineral particles have an average particle size of less than approximately 2.0 μm. 17. An active fiber material according to any one embodiment of Embodiments 1 to 16, wherein the mineral particles have an average particle size of less than approximately 1.5 μm. 18. An active fiber material according to any one embodiment of Embodiments 1 to 17, wherein the mineral particles are selected from the group consisting of silicon carbide (SiC), calcium carbide (CaC2), titanium dioxide (TiO2), aluminum oxide (Al2O3), silicon dioxide (SiO2), lapis lazuli, zirconium oxide, quartz, boron, tourmaline, manganese, kaolin clay, silica, carbon, citrine, carnelian, and mixtures thereof. 19. An active fiber material according to any one embodiment of Embodiments 1 to 17, wherein the mineral particles include silicon carbide (SiC), titanium dioxide (TiO2), zirconium dioxide (ZrO2), aluminum oxide (Al2O3), or silicon dioxide (SiO2), or a mixture thereof. Add the additional minerals listed above. 20. An active fiber material according to any one embodiment of Embodiments 1 to 19, which can allow electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength of approximately 630 to approximately 800 nm to pass through. 21. An active fiber material according to any one embodiment of Embodiments 1 to 19, wherein the mineral particles are active to electromagnetic radiation having wavelengths between approximately 0.601 and approximately 1.015 μm. 22. An active fiber material according to any one embodiment of Embodiments 1 to 19, wherein the carrier material transmits electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength between approximately 0.5 μm and approximately 11 μm. 23. An active fiber material according to any one embodiment of Embodiments 1 to 19, wherein the carrier material transmits electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength between approximately 200 nm and approximately 900 nm. 24. An active fiber material according to any one embodiment of Embodiments 1 to 19, which absorbs electromagnetic radiation in the range of approximately 400 nm to approximately 14,000 nm. 25. An active fiber material according to any one embodiment of Embodiments 1 to 19, which deflects electromagnetic radiation in the range of approximately 400 nm to approximately 14,000 nm. 26. An active fiber material according to any one embodiment of Embodiments 1 to 19, which emits light in the range of approximately 200 nm to approximately 1,100 nm. 27. An active fiber material according to any one embodiment of Embodiments 1 to 19, which emits light at wavelengths in the range of approximately 350 nm to approximately 800 nm. 28. An active fiber material according to any one embodiment of Embodiments 1 to 27, wherein the dry strength of the active fiber material is approximately 20 cN / tex to approximately 28 cN / tex. 29. An active fiber material according to any one embodiment of Embodiments 1 to 28, wherein the elongation at break (dry conditions) of the active fiber material is approximately 16% to approximately 25%. 30. An active fiber material according to any one embodiment of Embodiments 1 to 29, wherein the finish of the active fiber material is about 0.15% to about 0.40%. 31. An active fiber material according to any one embodiment of Embodiments 1 to 30, in the form of a yarn. 32. The active fiber material according to Embodiment 31, wherein the yarn is a spun yarn. 33. A fabric comprising an active fiber material according to any one embodiment of Embodiments 1 to 30 or a yarn according to Embodiment 31 or 32. 34. The fabric according to Embodiment 33, wherein the active fiber material according to any one embodiment of Embodiments 1 to 30 is in the form of a nonwoven fabric. 35. The fabric according to Embodiment 33 or 34, further comprising one or more natural or synthetic fibers. 36. The fabric according to Embodiment 35, wherein one or more natural or synthetic fibers are selected from the group consisting of cotton, wool, linen, silk, ramie, jute and mixtures thereof. 37. The fabric according to Embodiment 35, wherein one or more natural or synthetic fibers are selected from the group consisting of acrylic, acetate, Lycra, spandex, polyester, nylon, rayon, polyurethane, polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene, polyethylene, and mixtures thereof. 38. A fabric according to any one embodiment of Embodiments 33 to 37, comprising approximately 30% to approximately 100% by weight of the active fiber material according to any one embodiment of Embodiments 1 to 30. 39. Active fiber material according to any one embodiment of Embodiments 1 to 30, or yarn according to Embodiment 31 or 32; cotton; and polyester A fabric according to any one embodiment of embodiments 33 to 38, including the fabric described above. 40. Approximately 60% of the active fiber material described in any one embodiment of Embodiments 1 to 30 or the yarn described in Embodiment 31 or 32; Approximately 20% cotton; and Approximately 20% polyester The fabric according to embodiment 39, including the fabric described above. 41. A fabric according to any one embodiment of Embodiments 33 to 40, wherein the fabric weight is approximately 30 gsm to approximately 950 gsm. 42. A fabric according to any one embodiment of Embodiments 33 to 40, which results in an increase of at least about 7% in tcPO2 compared to baseline transcutaneous oxygen partial pressure (tcPO2). 43. A fabric according to any one embodiment of Embodiments 33 to 42, which results in an increase of approximately 9.4% to approximately 14.3% in tcPO2 compared to baseline transcutaneous oxygen partial pressure (tcPO2). 44. Approximately 0.25mW / cm 2 ~about 2.00mW / cm 2 A fabric according to any one of embodiments 33 to 43, which provides a difference in discharge force (ΔEP). 45. At least approximately 0.25 mW / cm² 2 A fabric according to any one embodiment of embodiments 33 to 44, which yields a ΔEP of ΔEP. 46. ​​A method for producing an active fiber material, comprising the step of suspending a plurality of mineral particles in a cellulose or semicellulose carrier material to provide an active fiber material, wherein the mineral particles constitute about 1.25% to about 10% by weight of the fiber material. 47. The method according to Embodiment 46, further comprising the step of reducing the average particle size of the mineral particles to less than about 2.0 μm before suspending the mineral particles in a carrier material. 48. The method according to Embodiment 47, further comprising the step of spinning an active fiber material to provide yarn. 49. The method according to Embodiment 48, further comprising the step of weaving yarn with one or more natural or synthetic fibers to provide a fabric. 50. The method according to Embodiment 49, further comprising the step of knitting yarn with one or more natural or synthetic fibers to provide a fabric. 51. The method according to Embodiment 47, further comprising the step of preparing a nonwoven fabric from an active fiber material. 52. An active fiber material prepared by the method of Embodiment 46 or 47. 53. A fabric prepared by the method described in any one embodiment of Embodiments 49 to 51. 54. A fiber material according to any one embodiment of Embodiments 1 to 31 or 52, a yarn according to Embodiment 33 or 34, or a fabric according to any one embodiment of Embodiments 33 to 45, wherein the fiber, yarn, or fabric gives an ash content test value of at least 1.0%. 55. A fiber material according to any one embodiment of Embodiments 1 to 31 or 52, a yarn according to Embodiment 33 or 34, or a fabric according to any one embodiment of Embodiments 33 to 45, wherein the fiber, yarn, or fabric gives an ash content test value of at least 1.5%. 56. A fiber material according to any one embodiment of Embodiments 1 to 31 or 52, a yarn according to Embodiment 33 or 34, or a fabric according to any one embodiment of Embodiments 33 to 45, wherein the fiber, yarn, or fabric gives an ash content test value of at least 2.0%. 57. A fiber material according to any one embodiment of Embodiments 1 to 31 or 52, a yarn according to Embodiment 33 or 34, or a fabric according to any one embodiment of Embodiments 33 to 45, wherein the fiber, yarn, or fabric gives an ash content test value of at least 2.5%. 58. A fiber material according to any one embodiment of Embodiments 1 to 31 or 52, a yarn according to Embodiment 33 or 34, or a fabric according to any one embodiment of Embodiments 33 to 45, wherein the fiber, yarn, or fabric gives an ash content test value of at least 3.0%. 59. A fibrous material according to any one embodiment of Embodiments 1 to 31 or 52, or a yarn according to Embodiment 33 or 34, wherein the fiber or yarn results in an increase of at least about 7% in tcPO2 compared to baseline transcutaneous oxygen partial pressure (tcPO2). 60. A fibrous material according to any one embodiment of Embodiments 1 to 31 or 52, or a yarn according to Embodiment 33 or 34, wherein the fiber or yarn results in an increase of approximately 9.4% to approximately 14.3% in tcPO2 compared to baseline transcutaneous oxygen partial pressure (tcPO2). 61. The fiber or yarn has a wattage of approximately 0.25 mW / cm². 2 ~about 2.00mW / cm2 A fiber material according to any one embodiment of Embodiments 1 to 31 or 52, or a yarn according to Embodiment 33 or 34, which provides a difference in discharge force (ΔEP). 62. The fiber or yarn has a wattage of at least about 0.25 mW / cm². 2 A fibrous material according to any one embodiment of Embodiments 1 to 31 or 52, or a yarn according to Embodiment 33 or 34, which gives a ΔEP of .

Claims

1. Cellulose or semicellulose carrier material; and Multiple mineral particles arranged within the carrier material An active fiber material containing, An active fiber material wherein the mineral particles constitute about 1.25% to about 10% by weight of the fiber material.

2. The activated fiber material according to claim 1, wherein the mineral particles constitute about 2% to about 7% by weight of the fiber material.

3. The activated fiber material according to claim 1, wherein the mineral particles constitute about 5% by weight of the fiber material.

4. The activated fiber material according to claim 1, wherein the mineral particles constitute about 10% by weight of the fiber material.

5. The active fiber material according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the cellulose or semicellulose carrier material is selected from the group consisting of lyocell, modal, rayon, viscose, and mixtures thereof.

6. The active fiber material according to claim 5, wherein the cellulose or semicellulose carrier material comprises lyocell, modal, rayon, or viscose or a mixture thereof.

7. The active fiber material according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the cellulose or semicellulose material is viscose.

8. The activated fiber material according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the cellulose or semicellulose carrier material is made from bamboo, soybeans, or sugarcane.

9. The activated fiber material according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the cellulose or semicellulose carrier material is made from woody material.

10. The active fiber material according to claim 9, wherein the woody portion is a softwood.

11. The active fiber material according to claim 10, wherein the soft material is selected from the group consisting of spruce, pine, fir, larch, hemlock, and mixtures thereof.

12. The activated fiber material according to claim 9, wherein the woody portion is a hardwood.

13. The active fiber material according to claim 12, wherein the hardwood is selected from the group consisting of oak, beech, birch, aspen, poplar, eucalyptus and mixtures thereof.

14. The active fiber material according to claim 12, wherein the hard material is not eucalyptus.

15. The active fiber material according to any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the mineral particles are electromagnetically active mineral particles.

16. The active fiber material according to any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein the mineral particles have an average particle size of less than about 2.0 μm.

17. The active fiber material according to any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein the mineral particles have an average particle size of less than about 1.5 μm.

18. The mineral particles are silicon carbide (SiC), calcium carbide (CaC ２ ), titanium dioxide (TiO ２ ), aluminum oxide (Al ２ O ３ ), silicon dioxide (SiO ２ An active fiber material according to any one of claims 1 to 17, selected from the group consisting of lapis lazuli, zirconium oxide, quartz, boron, tourmaline, manganese, kaolin clay, silica, carbon, citrine, carnelian, and mixtures thereof.

19. The mineral particles are silicon carbide (SiC), titanium dioxide (TiO ２ ), zirconium dioxide (ZrO ２ ), aluminum oxide (Al ２ O ３ ), or silicon dioxide (SiO ２ ), or a mixture thereof, and the active fiber material according to any one of claims 1 to 17.

20. An active fiber material according to any one of claims 1 to 19, which can pass electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength of approximately 630 to approximately 800 nm.

21. The active fiber material according to any one of claims 1 to 19, wherein the mineral particles are active to electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength between approximately 0.601 and approximately 1.015 μm.

22. The active fiber material according to any one of claims 1 to 19, wherein the carrier material transmits electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength between approximately 0.5 μm and approximately 11 μm.

23. The active fiber material according to any one of claims 1 to 19, wherein the carrier material transmits electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength between approximately 200 nm and approximately 900 nm.

24. An active fiber material according to any one of claims 1 to 19, which absorbs electromagnetic radiation in the range of approximately 400 nm to approximately 14,000 nm.

25. An active fiber material according to any one of claims 1 to 19, which deflects electromagnetic radiation in the range of approximately 400 nm to approximately 14,000 nm.

26. An active fiber material according to any one of claims 1 to 19, which emits light in the range of approximately 200 nm to approximately 1,100 nm.

27. An active fiber material according to any one of claims 1 to 19, which emits light at a wavelength in the range of approximately 350 nm to approximately 800 nm.

28. The active fiber material according to any one of claims 1 to 27, wherein the dry strength of the active fiber material is about 20 cN / tex to about 28 cN / tex.

29. The activated fiber material according to any one of claims 1 to 28, wherein the elongation at break (dry conditions) of the activated fiber material is about 16% to about 25%.

30. The active fiber material according to any one of claims 1 to 29, wherein the finish of the active fiber material is about 0.15% to about 0.40%.

31. An active fiber material according to any one of claims 1 to 30, in the form of a thread.

32. The active fiber material according to claim 31, wherein the yarn is a spun yarn.

33. A fabric comprising an active fiber material according to any one of claims 1 to 30 or a yarn according to claim 31 or 32.

34. The fabric according to claim 33, wherein the active fiber material according to any one of claims 1 to 30 is in the form of a nonwoven fabric.

35. The fabric according to claim 33 or 34, further comprising one or more natural or synthetic fibers.

36. The fabric according to claim 35, wherein one or more natural or synthetic fibers are selected from the group consisting of cotton, wool, linen, silk, ramie, jute, and mixtures thereof.

37. The fabric according to claim 35, wherein the one or more natural or synthetic fibers are selected from the group consisting of acrylic, acetate, Lycra, spandex, polyester, nylon, rayon, polyurethane, polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene, polyethylene, and mixtures thereof.

38. A fabric according to any one of claims 33 to 37, comprising approximately 30% to approximately 100% by weight of the active fiber material according to any one of claims 1 to 30.

39. The active fiber material according to any one of claims 1 to 30 or the yarn according to claim 31 or 32; cotton; and polyester The fabric according to any one of claims 33 to 38, including the fabric described in any one of claims 33 to 38.

40. Approximately 60% of the active fiber material according to any one of claims 1 to 30 or the yarn according to claim 31 or 32; Approximately 20% cotton; and Approximately 20% polyester The fabric according to claim 39, including the fabric described in claim 39.

41. The fabric according to any one of claims 33 to 40, wherein the fabric weight is approximately 30 gsm to approximately 950 gsm.

42. Baseline transcutaneous oxygen partial pressure (tcPO) ２ ) Compared to tcPO, at least about 7% ２ The fabric according to any one of claims 33 to 40, which results in an increase in [something].

43. Baseline transcutaneous oxygen partial pressure (tcPO) ２ ) Compared to tcPO is approximately 9.4% to 14.3% ２ The fabric according to any one of claims 33 to 42, which results in an increase in [something].

44. Approximately 0.25mW / cm ２ ~Approx. 2.00mW / cm ２ A fabric according to any one of claims 33 to 43, which provides a difference in discharge force (ΔEP).

45. At least approximately 0.25 mW / cm² ２ A fabric according to any one of claims 33 to 44, which yields a ΔEP of .

46. A method for producing an active fiber material, comprising the step of suspending a plurality of mineral particles in a cellulose or semicellulose carrier material to provide an active fiber material, wherein the mineral particles constitute about 1.25% to about 10% by weight of the fiber material.

47. The method according to claim 46, further comprising the step of reducing the average particle size of the mineral particles to less than about 2.0 μm before suspending the mineral particles in the carrier material.

48. The method according to claim 47, further comprising the step of spinning the activated fiber material to provide yarn.

49. The method according to claim 48, further comprising the step of weaving the yarn with one or more natural or synthetic fibers to provide a fabric.

50. The method according to claim 49, further comprising the step of knitting the yarn with one or more natural or synthetic fibers to provide a fabric.

51. The method according to claim 47, further comprising the step of preparing a nonwoven fabric from the active fiber material.

52. An active fiber material prepared by the method described in claim 46 or 47.

53. A fabric prepared by the method described in any one of claims 49 to 51.

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