A fungicide composition for controlling diseases in apples and its method of use.

Abstract

To provide new technologies for efficiently controlling diseases that are difficult or impossible to control with conventional technologies. [Solution] A fungicide composition for controlling apple diseases, comprising sulfur or a sulfur-containing agent as a first active ingredient, and a fungicide other than the first active ingredient as a second active ingredient. Dithianon is used as the fungicide for the second active ingredient.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a fungicide composition for controlling apple diseases containing sulfur as a first active ingredient and a fungicide other than the first active ingredient as a second active ingredient, a method for using the same, and a method for controlling apple diseases using the fungicide composition for controlling apple diseases.

Background Art

[0002] Sulfur used as an active ingredient of the present invention is a known compound known as a fungicide for agriculture and horticulture and is commercially available (see, for example, Non-Patent Documents 1 and 2). Further, as the second active ingredient, for example, ipflufenoquin, dithianon, cyprodinil, inpyrfluxam, quinofumelin, fluxapyroxad, etc. are known compounds commercially available as fungicides for agriculture and horticulture (see, for example, Non-Patent Documents 1 to 3). Furthermore, the mixture of sulfur and other fungicides has already been disclosed as a fungicide for agriculture and horticulture having a synergistic effect (see, for example, Patent Documents 1 to 4). However, it is not yet known that a mixture composition of sulfur and other fungicides has a synergistically superior fungicidal effect against disease control in apple cultivation, particularly against apple scab (Venturia inaequalis), apple brown spot (Diplocarpon mali), apple powdery mildew (Podosphaera leucotricha), Alternaria leaf spot (Alternaria mali), black spot (Mycosphaerella pomi), sooty blotch (Zygophiala jamaicensis), and sooty spot (Gloeodes pomigena) than when each compound is used alone.

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0003] [Patent Document 1] International Publication No. 2017 / 080870 [Patent Document 2] International Publication No. 2011 / 162397 [Patent Document 3] International Publication No. 2011 / 081174 [Patent Document 4] European Patent Application Publication No. 310550 [Non-patent literature]

[0004] [Non-Patent Document 1] The Pesticide Manual 18th Edition (British Crop Production Council, 2018) [Non-Patent Document 2] Compendium of Pesticide Common Names, "Index of New ISO Common Names," [Accessed April 2, 2025], Internet<URL:http: / / www.alanwood.net / pesticides / index_new_frame.html> [Non-Patent Document 3] Classification of mechanisms of action of fungicides (by the Fungicide Resistance Action Committee), [Accessed April 2, 2025], Internet<URL:https: / / www.jcpa.or.jp / labo / pdf / 2017 / mechanism_frac03.pdf> [Overview of the Initiative] [Problems that the invention aims to solve]

[0005] In agricultural production, damage from various diseases remains significant, and it is necessary to treat crops with various fungicides to control them. This treatment work places a particularly heavy burden on agricultural workers. Reducing these treatment tasks is strongly desired from both a labor and health perspective, by reducing the workload of agricultural workers, and an economic perspective, by lowering the cost of agricultural production. As a result, various fungicide compositions for agriculture and horticulture have been developed. However, conventional technologies are sometimes ineffective due to the type of disease being controlled, the habitat characteristics of the pathogens, and the development of drug resistance. Therefore, there has been a need for the development of new technologies to efficiently control diseases that are difficult or impossible to control at present. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] The inventors have conducted extensive research to solve the above problems and have found that by using sulfur or a sulfur-containing agent in combination with other fungicides, a remarkable synergistic effect is achieved against apple diseases, particularly apple scab (Venturiainaequalis), apple brown spot (Diplocarpon mali), apple powdery mildew (Podosphaera leucotricha), apple leaf spot (Alternaria mali), black spot (Mycosphaerella pomi), sooty spot (Zygophiala jamaicensis), or sooty blotch (Gloeodes pomigena), compared to using each compound alone. This effect includes a reduction in the amount of pesticide used and a reduction in the number of pesticide applications due to an extended residual effect period.

[0007] In other words, the present invention is 1. A fungicide composition for controlling apple diseases, comprising a first active ingredient being sulfur or a sulfur-containing agent, and a second active ingredient being a fungicide other than the first active ingredient. 2. The fungicide composition for controlling apple diseases described in 1, wherein the second active ingredient is one or more fungicides selected from DHODHI fungicides (dihydroorotate dehydrogenase inhibitors), multi-point contact active fungicide compounds, amino acids and protein biosynthesis inhibitors, and SDHI (succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors) fungicides. 3. The fungicide composition for controlling apple diseases described in 1. wherein the second active ingredient is one or more fungicides selected from ipflufenoquin, dithianon, cyprodinil, inpyrfluxam, quinofumelin, fluxapyroxad, or salts thereof. 4. A fungicide composition for controlling apple diseases as described in 1, comprising 0.001 to 500 parts by mass of the second active ingredient per 1 part by mass of the first active ingredient. 5. A fungicide composition for controlling apple diseases as described in 1, comprising 0.005 to 10 parts by mass of the second active ingredient per 1 part by mass of the first active ingredient. 6. A method for using the fungicide composition for controlling apple diseases described in 1., wherein the apple disease is one or more of the following: apple scab (Venturia inaequalis), apple brown spot (Diplocarpon mali), apple powdery mildew (Podosphaera leucotricha), apple leaf spot (Alternaria mali), black spot (Mycosphaerella pomi), sooty spot (Zygophiala jamaicensis), or sooty blotch (Gloeodes pomigena). A method for using an apple disease control fungicide composition, characterized by applying an effective amount of the apple disease control fungicide composition described in 7.1. to the location where the apple disease occurs, to a crop where the apple disease is expected to occur, to the surrounding soil where the crop grows, or to a cultivation carrier. A method for controlling apple diseases, characterized by applying a formulation containing the fungicide composition for controlling apple diseases described in 8.1. either as is or diluted, to the affected areas of apples, crops where the apple disease is expected to occur, the surrounding soil where the crops grow, or the cultivation carrier, with intervals between applications. Regarding. [Effects of the Invention]

[0008] The present invention relates to a fungicide composition for controlling apple diseases, comprising sulfur or a sulfur-containing agent and other fungicides as active ingredients, as well as a method of using the same and a method of controlling apple diseases. Compared to the use of each active ingredient alone, the present invention provides effects such as suppression of the spread of target diseases, remarkable synergistic effects, reduction of the amount of pesticide used, and reduction of the number of pesticide applications against one or more of the target apple diseases, particularly apple scab (Venturia inaequalis), apple brown spot (Diplocarpon mali), apple powdery mildew (Podosphaera leucotricha), apple leaf spot (Alternaria mali), black spot (Mycosphaerella pomi), sooty spot (Zygophiala jamaicensis), and sooty blotch (Gloeodes pomigena), thereby enabling efficient control of apple diseases that are difficult or impossible to control with conventional techniques. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0009] In the fungicide composition for controlling apple diseases of the present invention, the first active ingredient, sulfur (CAS RN. 7704-34-9), is a known compound with fungicidal activity and is available as a commercially available formulation (see Non-Patent Documents 1 and 2). Furthermore, the sulfur-containing agent is, for example, a known compound with fungicidal activity such as lime sulfur mixture, and is also available as a commercially available formulation. Furthermore, the second active ingredient, other bactericides besides the first active ingredient, such as ipflufenoquin (CAS RN. 1314008-27-9), dithianon (CAS RN. 3347-22-6), cyprodinil (CAS RN. 121552-61-2), inpyrfluxam (CAN RN. 1352994-67-2), quinofumelin (CAN RN. 861647-84-9), and fluxapyroxad (CAN RN. 907204-31-3), are also known compounds with bactericidal activity exhibiting their respective modes of action and are available as commercially available formulations (see Non-Patent Documents 1 to 3).

[0010] The second active ingredient of the present invention also includes a disinfectant in the form of a salt. The salt is not particularly limited as long as it is acceptable as a disinfectant, but an acidic salt or a basic salt can be appropriately selected depending on its chemical structure. Examples of acidic salts include inorganic or organic acids such as hydrochloride salts, sulfates, nitrates, formates, acetates, trifluoroacetates, methanesulfonates, trifluoromethanesulfonates, and p-toluenesulfonates, while examples of basic salts include ammonium salts, amine salts, isopropylamine salts, potassium salts, calcium salts, and sodium salts.

[0011] Preferred combinations of fungicide compositions for controlling apple diseases according to the present invention include sulfur and ipuflufenoquine, sulfur and dithianone, sulfur and cyprodinil, and sulfur and impulfluxam.

[0012] The ratio of the second active ingredient, a fungicide other than the first active ingredient, to the active ingredient, sulfur or a sulfur-containing agent, in the fungicide composition for controlling apple diseases of the present invention, is such that ipuflufenoquin, dithianone, cyprodinil, quinofumerine, fluxapyroxad, and impilfluxam, can be appropriately selected from the range of 0.001 to 500 parts by mass of each fungicide per 1 part by mass of sulfur contained in the first active ingredient, preferably from the range of 0.005 to 10.0 parts by mass of each fungicide, and even more preferably from the range of 0.005 to 1.0 part by mass of each fungicide.

[0013] The first and second active ingredients in the fungicide composition for controlling apple diseases of the present invention may be used as commercially available formulations, or the active ingredients may be formulated individually or together. When using these compounds individually, they should be mixed and diluted in an appropriate ratio using a tank mix or the like before use. When formulating, the active ingredients may be dissolved, separated, suspended, mixed, impregnated, adsorbed or attached to a suitable inert carrier, or together with an auxiliary agent in an appropriate ratio, to form a suitable dosage form, such as a suspension (flowable), oily suspension (OD), emulsion suspension (EW), emulsion, liquid, wettable powder, granular wettable powder, granules, powder, microcapsule, capsule, tablet, jumbo, pack, aerosol, fumigant, poison bait, resin formulation, paste formulation, foaming agent, carbon dioxide formulation, tablet, paint, wood protective coating, sealant, etc. If appropriate, other dosage forms may be combined, incorporated, or mixed. For example, a mixture of kneaded granules and impregnated granules may be used, or a mixture of wettable powder and granular wettable powder may be combined into tablets and packaged as a pack.

[0014] When preparing the fungicide composition for controlling apple diseases as a formulation, the mixing ratio of the total of the first and second active ingredients with respect to the total amount can be adjusted as necessary and is not particularly limited, but is usually about 0.01 to 90 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total amount. For example, when making a powder or granule, about 0.1 to 30 parts by mass is preferable, and when making an emulsion, wettable powder, flowable agent or granule wettable powder, etc., about 0.1 to 60 parts by mass is preferable.

[0015] Examples of adjuvants include surfactants used as dispersants, wetting agents, spreading agents, sticking agents, etc., binders, tackifiers, thickeners, colorants, freezing restorers, anti-caking agents, disintegrants, anti-decomposition agents, pH adjusters, light stabilizers, etc. Other additives such as preservatives and plant pieces may be used as additive components as necessary. These additive components may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

[0016] The surfactant suitable for use in the present invention can be any known in the art. Examples of surfactants used as dispersants, wetting agents, spreading agents, and adhering agents include vegetable oil-type nonionic surfactants, alcohol-type nonionic surfactants, polyoxyethylene / polyoxypropylene block polymer-type nonionic surfactants, alkylphenol-type nonionic surfactants, sugar ester-type nonionic surfactants, fatty acid ester-type nonionic surfactants, bisphenol-type nonionic surfactants, polyaromatic ring-type nonionic surfactants, silicone-type nonionic surfactants, and fluorine-type nonionic surfactants. Examples of vegetable oil-type nonionic surfactants include hydrogenated castor oil, polyoxyalkylene castor oil (e.g., polyoxyethylene castor oil), and polyoxyalkylene hydrogenated castor oil (e.g., polyoxyethylene hydrogenated castor oil). Examples of alcohol-type nonionic surfactants include polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers, polyoxyethylene alkylaryl ethers, acetylenediol, and polyoxyalkylene-added acetylenediol. Examples of polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene block polymer type nonionic surfactants include polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene block polymer, polystyrene-polyoxyethylene block polymer, alkyl polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene block polymer ether, polyoxyethylene alkylamine, alkylphenyl polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene block polymer ether, and the like. Examples of alkylphenol type nonionic surfactants include polyoxyethylene alkylphenyl ether, polyoxyethylene dialkylphenyl ether, polyoxyalkylene benzylphenyl ether, polyoxyalkylene styrylphenyl ether, and polyoxyethylene alkylphenyl ether-formaldehyde condensate.Examples of sugar ester-type nonionic surfactants include polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters, polyoxyalkylene sorbitol fatty acid esters (e.g., polyoxyethylene sorbitol fatty acid esters), glycerin fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene fatty acid amides, and sucrose fatty acid esters. Examples of fatty acid ester-type nonionic surfactants include sorbitan fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene resin acid esters, and polyoxyethylene fatty acid diesters. Examples of bisphenol-type nonionic surfactants include polyoxybisphenyl ether and polyoxyethylene fatty acid bisphenyl ether. Examples of polyaromatic ring-type nonionic surfactants include polyoxyalkylene benzylphenyl ether and polyoxyalkylene styrylphenyl ether. Examples of silicone-type nonionic surfactants include polyoxyethylene ether-type silicone-based surfactants and polyoxyethylene ester-type silicone-based surfactants.

[0017] Examples of anionic surfactants include sulfate-type anionic surfactants, sulfonate-type anionic surfactants, phosphate-type anionic surfactants, carboxylic acid-type anionic surfactants, etc. Examples of sulfate-type anionic surfactants include alkyl sulfates, polyoxyethylene alkyl ether sulfates, polyoxyethylene alkyl phenyl ether sulfates, polyoxyethylene styryl phenyl ether sulfates, alkyl benzene sulfonates, alkyl aryl sulfonates, lignin sulfonates, alkyl sulfosuccinates, naphthalene sulfonates, alkyl naphthalene sulfonates, formalin condensate salts of naphthalene sulfonates, polyoxyethylene·polyoxypropylene block polymer sulfates, etc. Examples of sulfonate-type anionic surfactants include paraffin sulfonates, dialkyl sulfosuccinates, alkyl benzene sulfonates, monoalkyl naphthalene sulfonates, dialkyl naphthalene sulfonates, formalin condensate salts of alkyl naphthalene sulfonates, alkyl diphenyl ether disulfonates, etc. Examples of phosphate-type anionic surfactants include polyoxyethylene alkyl ether phosphates, polyoxyethylene alkyl phenyl ether phosphates, polyoxyethylene dialkyl phenyl ether phosphates, polyoxyethylene styryl phenyl ether phosphates, polyoxyethylene·polyoxypropylene block polymer phosphates, alkyl phosphates, etc. Examples of carboxylic acid-type anionic surfactants include fatty acid salts such as sodium fatty acids, potassium fatty acids, ammonium fatty acids, polycarboxylate salts, polyacrylate salts, N-methyl-fatty acid sarcosinates, resin acid salts such as sodium resin acid, potassium resin acid, etc.

[0018] Examples of cationic surfactants include alkylamine salts, ammonium-type cationic surfactants, and benzalkonium-type cationic surfactants. Examples of alkylamine salts include laurylamine hydrochloride, stearylamine hydrochloride, oleylamine hydrochloride, stearylamine acetate, stearylaminopropylamine acetate, alkyltrimethylammonium chloride, and alkyldimethylbenzalkonium chloride. Examples of ammonium-type cationic surfactants include methylpolyoxyethylene alkylammonium chloride, alkyl N-methylpyridinium bromide, mono- or dialkylmethylated ammonium chloride, and alkylpentamethylpropylenediamine chloride. Examples of benzalkonium-type cationic surfactants include alkyldimethylbenzalkonium chloride, benzethonium chloride, and octyl-phenoxy-ethoxyethyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride.

[0019] Examples of amphoteric surfactants include amino acid-type or betaine-type amphoteric surfactants. Examples of betaine-type amphoteric surfactants include dialkyldiaminoethyl betaine, alkyldimethylbenzyl betaine, alkyldimethylaminoacetic acid betaine, coconut oil fatty acid amidopropyl betaine, and octanoic acid amidopropyl betaine, while examples of amino acid-type surfactants include alkyldimethylamine oxide. These surfactants may be used individually or in combination of two or more types.

[0020] Examples of the above-mentioned inert carriers include solid carriers and liquid carriers. Examples of solid carriers include natural minerals such as quartz, clay, kaolinite, pyrophyllite, sericite, talc, bentonite, fubasamiclay, ceramics, acid clay, attapulgite, zeolite, and diatomaceous earth; inorganic salts such as calcium carbonate, ammonium sulfate, sodium sulfate, and potassium chloride; synthetic silicic acid, synthetic silicates, synthetic hydrated silicon dioxide, hydrated silica, starch, cellulose, and plant powders (e.g., sawdust, coconut husk, corn). Examples include organic solid carriers such as corn cobs and tobacco stalks, plastic carriers such as polyethylene, polypropylene, and polyvinylidene chloride, synthetic resins (polyester resins such as polypropylene, polyacrylonitrile, polymethyl methacrylate, and polyethylene terephthalate, nylon resins such as nylon-6, nylon-11, and nylon-66, polyamide resins, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, and vinyl chloride-propylene copolymers), urea, inorganic hollow bodies, plastic hollow bodies, activated carbon, fumed silica (white carbon), chemical fertilizers (ammonium sulfate, ammonium phosphate, ammonium nitrate, urea, ammonium chloride, etc.), pumice, calcite, meersite, dolomite, olivine, pyroxene, amphibole, feldspar, alumina, vermiculite, perlite, elastomers, plastics, ceramics, metals, sawdust, fine powders and granules of corn cobs, coconut husks, tobacco stalks, etc. These may be used individually or in combination of two or more types.

[0021] Examples of liquid carriers include monohydric alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, and butanol; polyhydric alcohols such as ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, hexylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, and glycerin; polyhydric alcohol compounds such as propylene glycol ether; ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, diisobutyl ketone, and cyclohexanone; ethers such as ethyl ether, dioxane, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, dipropyl ether, and tetrahydrofuran; n-paraffin; and naphthenes. Examples include aliphatic hydrocarbons such as isoparaffins, kerosene, and mineral oil; aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, xylene, solvent naphtha, and alkylnaphthalene; halogenated hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane, chloroform, and carbon tetrachloride; esters such as ethyl acetate, diisopropyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate, dioctyl phthalate, and dimethyl adipate; lactones such as γ-butyrolactone; amides such as dimethylformamide, diethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, and N-alkylpyrrolidinone; nitriles such as acetonitrile; sulfur-containing compounds such as dimethyl sulfoxide; vegetable oils such as soybean oil, rapeseed oil, cottonseed oil, and castor oil; and water. These may be used individually or in combination of two or more.

[0022] The fungicide composition for controlling apple diseases of the present invention can also be used as an oily dispersion medium. Among the oily dispersion mediums that can be used, animal oils include, for example, whale oil, cod liver oil, musk oil, or mink oil. Vegetable oils that can be used include, for example, soybean oil, rapeseed oil, corn oil, sunflower oil, cottonseed oil, linseed oil, coconut oil, palm oil, thistle oil, walnut oil, arachis oil, olive oil, papaya oil, camellia oil, coconut oil, sesame oil, rice bran oil, peanut oil, linseed oil, tuna oil, sunflower oil, castor oil, tea tree oil, or esters such as lactic acid esters. Furthermore, vegetable oils also include their esterification products, such as methyl oleate, rapeseed oil methyl ester, or rapeseed oil ethyl ester. These may be used individually or in combination of two or more.

[0023] Examples of binders and tackifiers include carboxymethylcellulose and its salts, dextrin, water-soluble starch, xanthan gum, guar gum, sucrose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, acacia gum, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl acetate, sodium polyacrylate, polyethylene glycol with an average molecular weight of 6,000 to 20,000, polyethylene oxide with an average molecular weight of 100,000 to 5,000,000, phospholipids (e.g., cephalin, lecithin, etc.), cellulose powder, dextrin, modified starch, polyaminocarboxylic acid chelate compounds, cross-linked polyvinylpyrrolidone, copolymers of maleic acid and styrenes, (meth)acrylic acid copolymers, Examples include half-esters of polymers composed of polyhydric alcohols and dicarboxylic acid anhydrides, water-soluble salts of polystyrene sulfonic acid, paraffin, terpenes, polyamide resins, polyacrylates, polyoxyethylene, waxes, polyvinyl alkyl ethers, alkylphenol formalin condensates, cellulose fibers, cellulose nanofibers, chitosan fibers, hemicellulose, papermaking pulp, cotton pulp such as cotton linters and cotton lint, chemical pulp, semi-chemical pulp, mechanical pulp, non-wood pulp, deinked pulp made from recycled paper, fibrous materials such as hemp, straw, and bagasse, and synthetic resin emulsions. These may be used individually or in combination of two or more.

[0024] Examples of thickening agents include water-soluble polymers such as xanthan gum, guar gum, tung gum, carboxymethylcellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, carboxyvinyl polymer, acrylic polymer, starch derivatives, and polysaccharides; inorganic fine powders such as high-purity bentonite, fumed silica (white carbon), and alumina fine particles; and fibrous materials such as cellulose fibers, cellulose nanofibers, cellulose microfibers (microfibrillated cellulose), chitosan fibers, hemicellulose, papermaking pulp, cotton pulp such as cotton linters and cotton lint, chemical pulp, semi-chemical pulp, mechanical pulp, non-wood pulp, deinked pulp made from recycled paper, and non-wood pulp such as hemp, straw, and bagasse. These may be used individually or in combination of two or more.

[0025] Examples of colorants include inorganic pigments such as iron oxide, titanium dioxide, and Prussian blue; organic dyes such as alizarin dyes, azo dyes, and metal phthalocyanine dyes; and organic pigments such as phthalocyanine blue and permanent red.

[0026] Examples of antifreeze / recovery agents include polyhydric alcohols such as ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, and glycerin.

[0027] Examples of auxiliary agents for preventing caking or promoting disintegration include polysaccharides such as starch, alginic acid, mannose, and galactose; polyvinylpyrrolidone; fumed silica (white carbon); ester gum; petroleum resin; sodium tripolyphosphate; sodium hexametaphosphate; metal stearate; cellulose powder; dextrin; copolymers of methacrylate esters; polyvinylpyrrolidone; polyaminocarboxylic acid chelate compounds; sulfonated styrene-isobutylene-maleic anhydride copolymer; and starch-polyacrylonitrile graft copolymer.

[0028] Examples of decomposition inhibitors include desiccants such as zeolite, quicklime, and magnesium oxide; antioxidants such as phenol compounds, amine compounds, and phosphate compounds; and ultraviolet absorbers such as salicylic acid compounds and benzophenone compounds.

[0029] Examples of defoaming agents include silicone oil. Examples of preservatives include potassium sorbate and 1,2-benzoisothiazolin-3-one.

[0030] As a pH adjuster, for example, various inorganic and organic acids such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, sulfonic acid, and carboxylic acid, as well as their salts and esters, can be added in predetermined amounts to the fungicide composition for controlling apple diseases of the present invention. Specific examples of organic acids include acidic phosphate esters, citric acid, maleic acid, sorbic acid, lactic acid, and tartaric acid. Furthermore, pH can also be controlled by adding predetermined amounts of various buffer solutions such as disodium hydrogen phosphate-citric acid aqueous solution, sodium acetate-hydrochloric acid aqueous solution, formic acid-sodium formate aqueous solution, lactic acid-sodium lactate aqueous solution, tartaric acid-sodium tartrate aqueous solution, and sodium citrate-hydrochloric acid aqueous solution.

[0031] Examples of light stabilizers include titanium dioxide, yellow iron oxide, yellow iron(III) oxide, brown iron oxide, and iron(III) oxide.

[0032] Furthermore, other auxiliary agents such as functional spreading agents, activity enhancers such as metabolic degradation inhibitors like piperonyl butoxide, antioxidants such as BHT, and UV absorbers may be used as needed.

[0033] In the method of using the fungicide composition for controlling apple diseases of the present invention, "soil" or "cultivation support" refers to a support for cultivating crops, particularly a support for root growth. The material is not particularly limited, but any material on which plants can grow is acceptable, and may be so-called soil, seedling mats, water, etc. Specific materials may include, for example, sand, pumice, vermiculite, diatomaceous earth, agar, gel-like substances, polymer substances, rock wool, glass wool, wood chips, bark, etc.

[0034] Methods for applying the fungicide composition for controlling apple diseases of the present invention to areas where apple diseases occur, crops where apple diseases are expected to occur, the surrounding soil where the crops grow, or cultivation carriers include diluting a liquid formulation such as an emulsion, flowable formulation, or oily suspension (OD formulation) or a solid formulation such as a wettable powder or granular wettable powder with water and applying it, applying a powder, or fumigating. Methods for treating the soil include, for example, applying a liquid formulation or solid formulation to the base of the plant, near the installation site, or in a seedling bed, with or without dilution; scattering granules to the base of the plant, near the installation site, or in a seedling bed; scattering powder, wettable powder, granular wettable powder, or granules before sowing or transplanting and mixing them with the entire soil; and scattering powder, wettable powder, granular wettable powder, or granules in planting holes, furrows, etc., before sowing or planting the plants.

[0035] The application rate of the fungicide composition for controlling apple diseases of the present invention varies depending on various factors, such as purpose, target pests, target crop and crop growth stage, weather, environmental conditions, formulation form, application method, application location or timing, active ingredient ratio, and weather conditions. However, in the case of spray application, the active ingredient compound should be appropriately selected from the range of 0.01g to 2000g per are, preferably in the range of 0.1g to 500g. In the case of soil or drenching application, the active ingredient should be sprayed or drenched in the surrounding soil where the target crop is growing, in the range of 1g to 1000g. When treating seeds, the active ingredient can be used in an amount ranging from 0.01% to 50% by mass, compared to the weight of the seeds, and preferably in the range of 0.1% to 10% by mass. When emulsions, wettable powders, etc., are diluted with water before application, the application concentration is 0.00001% to 0.1% by mass. Granules, powders, or liquid formulations used for treating seeds can usually be applied as is without dilution.

[0036] The fungicide composition for controlling apple diseases of the present invention can achieve the desired apple disease control effect by mixing formulations containing the first and second active ingredients on-site and treating them according to a treatment method appropriate to the purpose. Furthermore, the desired apple disease control effect can also be achieved by treating formulations containing the first and second active ingredients individually at the same time using a treatment method appropriate to the purpose. Here, "at the same time" does not necessarily mean treating them exactly simultaneously; it can be considered simultaneous if the treatment is within a period of about one week, and different treatment methods can be used for each. Moreover, the desired apple disease control effect can also be achieved by treating formulations containing the first and second active ingredients individually at intervals using a treatment method appropriate to the purpose. The treatment interval is not particularly limited as long as the effects of the present invention can be achieved, but generally, it is preferable to be within 3 months from the treatment of the individual formulations of the first and second active ingredients, and particularly preferably within 2 months. At this time, either active ingredient may be treated first, and different treatment methods may be used for each. The fungicide composition for controlling apple diseases of the present invention has excellent control effects against various apple diseases. In addition to having excellent fungicidal effects against a wide range of filamentous fungi, such as those belonging to the classes Oomycetes, Ascomycetes, Deuteromycetes, and Basidiomycetes, it also has excellent effects against apple pathogenic bacteria and plant viruses.

[0037] Apple diseases include, for example: powdery mildew (P. leucotricha), canker (V. ceratosperma), white root rot (R. necatrix), purple root rot (H. mompa), black spot (V. inaequaris), apple leaf spot (A. mali), Moniliia disease (M. mali), anthracnose (G. cingulata, C. acutatum), ring spot (Botryosphaeria sp.), black rot (B. obtusa, X. campestris pv. campestris), black spot (M. pomi), brown spot (D. mali), cedar-apple rust (G. juniper-virginianae, G. yamadae), cedar-apple rust (G. Juniper-IVirginianae), and sedge (S. commune). ), silver leaf disease (C. purpurreum), crown gall disease (A. tumefaciens), burn disease (E. amylovora), blight (Phytophtora cactorum), mucor's rot disease (M. piriformis), etc.; in particular, application to apple scab (Venturia inaequalis), apple brown spot (Diplocarpon mali), apple powdery mildew (Podosphaera leucotricha), apple leaf spot (Alternaria mali), black spot (Mycosphaerella pomi), sooty spot (Zygophiala jamaicensis), or sooty blotch (Gloeodes pomigena) is preferred.

[0038] The fungicide composition for controlling apple diseases of the present invention can be mixed with other agricultural and horticultural insecticides, acaricides, nematicides, fungicides, biopesticides, herbicides, plant growth regulators, phytotoxicity reducers (also known as safeners), soil conditioners, fertilizers, etc., depending on the application, in order to expand the range of target organisms and the optimal timing for control, or to reduce the amount of chemicals used. Representative compounds are exemplified below, but the invention is not limited to these.

[0039] Other agricultural and horticultural insecticides, acaricides, and nematicides used for such purposes include, for example, 3,5-xylyl methylcarbamate (XMC), Bacillus thuringiensis aizawai, Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis, Bacillus thuringiensis japonensis, Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki, Bacillus thuringiensis tenebrionis, crystalline protein toxins produced by Bacillus thuringiensis, BPMC, Bt toxin-based insecticidal compounds, CPCBS (chlorfenson), DCIP (dichlorodiisopropyl ether), DD (1,3-Dichloropropene), DDT, NAC, O-4-dimethylsulfamoylphenyl, O,O-diethyl phosphorothioate (DSP), and O-ethyl O-4-nitrophenyl Phenylphosphonothioate (EPN), tripropylisocyanurate (TPIC), acrinathrin, acynonapyr, azadirachtin, azinphos-methyl, acequinocyl, acetamiprid, acetoprole, acephate, abamectin, afidopyropen, A Vermectin (avermectin-B), amidoflumet, amitraz, alanycarb, aldicarb, aldoxycarb, aldrin, alpha-endosulfan, alpha-cypermethrin, albendazole, allethrin, isazofos, isamidofos,Isoamidofos, isoxathion, isocycloseram, isofenphos, isoprocarb (MIPC), epsilon-metofluthrin, epsilon-momfluorothrin, ivermectin, imicyafos, imidacloprid, imiprothrin, indoxacarb, esfenvalerate, ethiofencarb, ethion, ethi Ethiprole, etoxazole, etofenprox, etoprophos, etrimfos, emamectin, emamectin-benzoate, endosulfan, empenthrin, oxazosulfyl, oxamyl, oxydemeton-methyl, oxydeprofos (ESP), oxibendazole, oxfendazole, potassium oleate oleate), sodium oleate, cadusaphos, kappa-bifenthrin, cartap, carbary1, carbosulfan, carbofuran, gamma-cyhalothrin, xylylcarb, quinalphos, kinoprene, chinomethionate, cloethocarb,Clothianidin, clofentezine, chromafenozide, chlorantraniliprole, chlorethoxyfos, chlordimeform, chlordane, chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos-methyl, chlorphenapyr pyr), chlorfenson, chlorfenvinphos, chlorfluazuron, chlorobenzilate, chlorobenzoate, chloroprallethrin, kelthane (dicofol), salition, cyhalodiamide, cyanophos (CYAP), di Afenthiuron, diamidafos, cyantraniliprole, theta-cypermethrin, cyetpyrafen, dienochlor, cyenopyrafen, dioxabenzofos, diofenolan, sigma-cypermethrin ), cyclaniliprole, diclofenthion (ECP), cyclobutrifluram, cycloprothrin, dichlorvos (DDVP), dichloromezotiaz, disulfoton, dinotefuran, cyhalodiamide, cyhalothrin,Cyphenothrin, cyfluthrin, diflubenzuron, cyflumetofen, cyproflanilide, diflovidazin, cyhexatin, dimpropyridaz, cypermethrin, dimethylvinphos, dimethoate, dimef Dimefluthrin, silafluofen, cyromazine, spidoxamat, spinetoram, spinosad, spirodiclofen, spiropidion, spirotetramat, spiromesifen, sulfiflumin, sulfuramide d) Sulprofos, sulfoxaflor, zeta-cypermethrin, diazinon, tau-fluvalinate, dazomet, thiacloprid, thiamethoxam, tioxazafen, thiodicarb, thiocyclam, thiosultap osultap), thiosultap-sodium, thionazin, thiometon, tyclopyrazoflor, DEET, dieldrin, tetrachlorantraniliprole, tetrachlorvinphos, tetradifon, tetraniliprole,Tetramethylfluthrin, tetramethrin, tebupirimfos, tebufenozide, tebufenpyrad, tefluthrin, teflubenzuron, demeton-S-methyl, temephos, deltamethrin, terbufos, doramectin, tralopyril, tralomethrin, transfluthrin, triazamate, triazuron, triclamide (trichlamide), trichlorphon (DEP), triflumezopyrim, triflumuron, tolfenpyrad, naled (BRP), nicofluprole, nithiazine, nitenpyram, novaluron, nobiflumuron, hydroprene, vaniliprole, vamidothion, parathion, parathion-methyl, halfenprox, halofenozide, Bistrifluron, bisultap, pioxaniliprole, bisulflufen, hydramethylnon, hydroxypropyl starch starch), binapacryl, pyflubumide, bifenazate, bifenthrin, pymetrozine, pyraclorfos, pyrafluprole, pyridafenthion, pyridaben, pyridalyl, pyrifluquinazon, pyriprole, pyriproxyfen, pirimicarb, pyrimidifen, pyriminostrobin, pirimiphos-methy1, pyrethrins, fiproni1, fenazaquin, fe Namiphos, phenisobromolate, fenitrothion (MEP), fenoxycarb, fenothiocarb, phenothrin, fenobucarb, fensulfothion, fenthion (MPP), phenthoate (PAP), fenvalerate, fenpyroximate, fenpropathrin, fenbendazole, fosthiazate, formetanate, butathiofos, buprofezin, furathiocarb,Prallethrin, fluacrypyrim, fluazaindolizine, flupyrimin, fluazinam, fluazuron, fluensulfone, fluxametamide, flucycloxuron, flucythrinate, fluvalinate, flufi Flufiprole, flupyradifurone, flupyrazofos, flupyroxystrobin, flufenerim, flufenoxystrobin, flufenoxuron, flufenzine, flufenoprox, fluproxyfen, flubrocysline (flubrocythrinate), fluhexafon, flubendiamide, flupentiofenox, flumethrin, flurimfen, prothiofos, protrifenbute, flonicamid, propaphos, propargite (BPPS), profenofos nofos), broflanilide, profluthrin, propoxur (PHC), flometoquin, alpha-bromadiolone, bromopropylate, beta-cyfluthrin, hexaflumuron, hexythiazox, heptafluthrin,Heptenophos, permethrin, benclothiaz, bendiocarb, benzpyrimoxan, bensutap, benzoximate, benfuracarb, phoxim, phosalone, fosthiazate, fosthietan, phosphamidon, phosphocarb, phosmet (PMP), polynactin complex, formetanate, formothion, phorate, machine oil oil), malathion, milbemycin, milbemycin-A, milbemectin, mecarbam, mesulfenfos, methomyl, metaldehyde, metaflumizone, metamidophos, metam-ammonium, metam-sodium, methiocarb, methidathion (DMTP), methyl Isothiocyanate (methylisothiocyanate), methylneodecanamide, methylparathion, metoxadiazone, methoxychlor, methoxyfenozide, metofluthrin, methoprene, metolcarb, meperfluthrin, mevinphos, monocrotophos, monosultap,Examples include momfluorothrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, ryanodine, lufenuron, rescalure, resmethrin, lepimectin, rotenone, levamisol hydrochloride, fenbutatin oxide, morantel tartarate, methyl bromide, tricyclohexyl tin hydroxide, calcium cyanamide, nicotine sulfate, and ledprona, a double-stranded ribonucleic acid that prevents the production of certain proteins in Colorado beetle (Leptinotarsa ​​decemlineata) through a process recently known as RNA interference or RNA inhibition. ,

[0040] Examples of disinfectants used for similar purposes include aureofungin, azaconazole, azithiram, acypetacs, acibenzolar, acibenzolar-S-methyl, azoxystrobin, anilazine, amisulbrom, pyrapropoyne, ampropylfos, ametoctradin, and allyl alcohol. alcohol), aldimorph, amobam, isotianil, isovaledione, isopyrazam, isofetamide, isoflucypram, isoprothiolane, ipconazole, ipfentrifluconazole, iprodione, iprovalicarb, iprobenfos, imazalil, iminoctadine, metam, iminoctadine albesylate (imi) Noctadine-albesilate), iminoctadine-triacetate, imibenconazole, uniconazole, uniconazole-P, eclomezole, edifenphos, etaconazole, etaboxam, ethirimol, etem, ethoxyquin, etridiazole, enestroburin, enoxastrobin, epoxyconazole,Oxadixyl, oxathiapiprolin, oxycarboxin, copper-8-quinolinolate, oxytetracycline, copper-oxinate, oxpoconazole, oxpoconazole-fumarate, oxolinic acid acid), octhilinone, ofurace, orysastrobin, carbam (metam-sodium), kasugamycin, carbamorph, carpropamid, carbendazim, carboxin, carvone, quinazamide, quinacetol, quinoxyfen, chinomethionate, quinomethionate, captafol, captan, kiralaxyl, quinconazole, quinto Quintozene, guazatine, cufraneb, cuprobam, coumoxystrobin, glyodin, griseofulvin, climbazole, cresol, kresoxim-methyl, chlozolinate, clotrimazole, chlobenthiazone, chloraniformethan, chloranil, chlorquinox, chloropicrin, chlorfenazole,Chloroinconazide, chlorodinitronaphthalene, chlorothalonil, chloroneb, salicylanilide, zarilamid, cyazofamid, diethyl pyroppacarbonate pyrocarbonate), diethofencarb, cyclafuramid, cyclocymet, dichlozoline, diclobutrazol, dichlofluanid, cycloheximide, diclobentiazox, diclomezine, dichloran, dichlorophen, dichlorone, disulfiram, ditalimfos, diniconazole, diniconazole-M, zineb, dinocap, dino cton), dinosulfon, dinoterbon, dinobuton, dinopenton, dipymetitrone, dipyrithione, diphenylamine, difenoconazole, cyflufenamid, diflumetorim, cyproconazole, cyprofuram, cypendazole, simeconazole, dimethirimol, dimethomorph, cymoxanil, dimoxystrobin, ziram,Silthiofam, streptomycin, spiroxamine, sultropen, sedaxane, seboctylamine, zoxamide, dazomet, thiadiazin, tiadinil, thiadifluor, thiabendazole, tioxymid, thiochlorfenfim Lorfenphim, thiophanate, thiophanate-methyl, thifluzamide, thicyofen, thioquinox, thiram, decafentin, tecnazene, tecloftalam, tecoram, tetraconazole, debacarb, dehydroacetic acid acid), tebuconazole, tebufloquin, dodicin, dodine, dodecylbenzenesulfonate bisethylenediamine copper complex (II) (DBEDC), dodemorph, drazoxolon, triadimenol, triadimefon, triazbutil, triazoxide, triamiphos, triarimol, trichlamide, triclopyricarb, tricyclazole, triticonazole, tridemorph, tributyltin oxide, triflumizole,Trifloxystrobin, triforine, tolylfluanid, tolclofos-methyl, tolprocarb, natamycin, nabam, nitrostyrene, nitrothal-isopropyl, nuarimol, copper nonylphenol sulfonate, halacrinate, validamycin, valifenalate, harpin protein Protein, picarbutrazox, bixafen, picoxystrobin, picobenzamide, pydiflumetofen, bithionol, bitertanol, hydroxyisoxazole, hydroxyisoxazole-potassium, binapacryl, biphenyl, piperalin, hymexazol, pyroxystro Pyraoxystrobin, pyracarbolid, pyraclostrobin, pyrapropoyne, pyraziflumid, pyrazophos, pyrametostrobin, pyriophenone, pyridinitril, pyridflumetofen, pyrisoxazole, pyridaclomethyl, pyrifenox, pyribencarb,Pyriminostrobin, pyrimethanil, pyroxychlor, pyroxyfur, pyroquilon, vinclozolin, ferbam, famoxadone, fenapanil, fenamidone, fenaminosulf, fenaminstrobin, Fenarimol, fenitropan, fenoxanil, ferimzone, ferbam, fentin, fenpiclonil, fenpicoxamide, fenpyrazamine, fenbuconazole, fenfuram, fenpropidin, fenpropimorph fenpropimorph, fenhexamide, phthalide, butthiobate, butylamine, bupirimate, fuberidazole, blasticidin-S, furametpyr, furalaxyl, fluacrypyrim, fluazinam, fluindapyr dapyr), fluoxastrobin, fluoxapiprolin, fluoxytioconazole, fluotrimazole, fluopicolide, fluopimomide, fluopyram, fluoroimide, furcarbanil, fluquinconazole,Fluconazole, furconazole-cis, fludioxonil, flusilazole, flusulfamide, flutianil, flutolanil, flutriafol, flufenoxadiazam, flufenoxystrobin, furfural ), flubeneteram, furmecyclox, flumetylsulforiim, flumetover, flumorph, proquinazid, prochloraz, procymidone, prothiocarb, prothioconazole, pronitridine, propamocal Propamocarb, propiconazole, propineb, furophanate, probenazole, bromuconazole, florylpicoxamid, hexachlorobutadiene, hexaconazole, hexylthiofos, bethoxazin, Benalaxyl, Benalaxyl-M, Benodanil, Benomyl, Pefurazoate, Benquinox, Penconazole, Benzamorf, Pencycuron, Benzohydroxamic acid, Benzovindiflupyr, Bentaluron,benthiazole, benthiavalicarb, Benthiavalicarb-isopropyl, penthiopyrad, penflufen, boscalid, phosdiphen, fosetyl, fosetyl-aluminum, polyoxins, polyoxorim, polycarbamate, folpet, formaldehyde, machine oil oil), maneb, mancozeb, mandipropamid, mandestrobin, myclozolin, myclobutanil, mildiomycin, milneb, mecarbinzid, methasulfocarb, metazoxolon, metam, metam-sodium, metalaxyl, metalaxyl-M, metarylpicoxamid, metiram, methyl isothiocyanate isothiocyanate), mepthyldinocap, methyltetraprole, metconazole, metsulfovax, metofloxam, metominostrobin, metrafenone, mepanipyrim, mefenoxam, mefentrifluconazole, meptyldinocap, mepronil, mebenil, iodomethane, rabenzazole, methyl bromideExamples include inorganic disinfectants such as bromide, benzalkonium chloride, basic copper chloride, basic copper sulfate, and metallic silver; copper compounds such as sodium hypochlorite, cupric hydroxide, potassium hydrogen carbonate, sodium hydrogen carbonate, anhydrous copper sulfate anhydride, nickel dimethyldithiocarbamate, and 8-hydroxyquinoline copper; zinc sulfate; and copper sulfate pentahydrate.

[0041] In addition to the pest control agents described above, further biopesticides can be used or utilized. Specific examples include, for example, Agrobacterium radiobacter strain K84 (e.g., "Galltrol-A®" manufactured by "AgBioChem, CA"), Agrobacterium radiobacter strain K1026 (e.g., "Nogall®" manufactured by "Becker Underwood, US"), Agrobacterium radiobacter strain 84 (e.g., Agrobacterium spp. such as "Bacterose®" manufactured by "Nippon Soda Co., Ltd."); and Ampelomyces quisqualis strain AQ10 (e.g., "AQ" manufactured by "IntrachemBio Italia & Co.KG"). Ampelomyces sp., such as "10 (registered trademark)"); Aspergillus flavus (e.g., "Afla-Guard (registered trademark)" from "Syngenta"), Aspergillus flavus strain AF36 (e.g., "AF36 (registered trademark)" from "Arizona Cotton Research and Protection Council, US"), and other Aspergillus spp.; Aureobasidium spp., such as budding spores of Aureobasidium pullulans strain DSM14940 and a mixture of budding spores of strain DSM14941 (e.g., "Botector (registered trademark)" from "bio-ferm, GmbH"), and other Aureobasidium spp.; Bacillus amyloriquefaciens Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain AT-332 (for example, "Impression Clear (registered trademark)" manufactured by Idemitsu Agri Co., Ltd.), Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain B246 (for example, "UnIVersity of"Avogreen®" manufactured by Pretoria, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain D747 (e.g., "Bacstar®" manufactured by Etec Crop Solutions, NZ), Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain DB101 (e.g., "Shelter®" manufactured by Dagutat Bio lab, ZA), Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain DB102 (e.g., "Artemis®" manufactured by Dagutat Bio lab, ZA), Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain FZB42 (e.g., "RhizoVital®" manufactured by "ABiTEP, DE"), Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain GB03 (e.g., "Kodiak®" manufactured by "Bayer Crop Science AG, DE"), Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain MBI600 (e.g., "Subtilex®" manufactured by "Becker Underwood, US"), Bacillus cepacia (e.g., "Deny Stine®" manufactured by "Microbial Products"), Bacillus cereus strain BP01 (e.g., "Mepichlor®" manufactured by "Arysta, US"), Bacillus pharmacus Bacillus firmus strain I-1582 (e.g., "BioNeem®" manufactured by "AgoGreen"), Bacillus laterosporus (e.g., "Bio-Tode®" manufactured by "Agro-Organics, SA"), Bacillus licheniformis strain SB3086 (e.g., "EcoGuard" manufactured by "Novozymes")Biofungicide®), Bacillus maroccanus (e.g., manufactured by Micro Flo Company), Bacillus megaterium strain YFM3.25 (e.g., Bioarc® manufactured by BioArc), Bacillus metiens (manufactured by Micro Flo Company), Bacillus mycoides isolate J. (e.g., BmJ® manufactured by Certis USA), Bacillus popilliae (e.g., Cronox® manufactured by Bio-Crop, CO), Bacillus pumilus strain BU F-33 (e.g., Integral® manufactured by Becker Underwood, US) F-33 ​​(registered trademark), Bacillus pumilus strain GB34 (e.g., "Yield Shield (registered trademark)" manufactured by Bayer CropScience AG, DE), Bacillus pumilus strain QST2808 (e.g., "Sonata (registered trademark)" manufactured by Bayer CropScience LP, US), Bacillus simplex strain CGF2856 ("Momihope Wettable Powder (registered trademark)" manufactured by Arista LifeScience Co., Ltd.), Bacillus sphaericus, in particular, antigen type H5a5b strain 2362 (e.g., "VectoLex (registered trademark)" manufactured by Valent BioSciences, US), Bacillus subtilis Bacillus subtilis) (e.g., "Botkiller Wettable Powder (registered trademark)" manufactured by Idemitsu Agri Co., Ltd.), Bacillus subtilis var. amyloliquefaciens strain FZB24 (e.g., "Taegro (registered trademark)" manufactured by Novozyme Biologicals, Inc. US), Bacillus subtilis (BacillusBacillus subtilis strain QST713 / AQ713 (e.g., "SERENADE MAX®" manufactured by "Bayer CropScienceLP, US"), Bacillus subtilis strain AQ30002 (e.g., "Serenade-DPZ®"), Bacillus subtilis strain D747 (e.g., "EcoShot®" manufactured by "Kumiai Chemical Co., Ltd."), Bacillus subtilis strain HAI-0404 (e.g., "Agrocare Wettable Powder®" manufactured by "Nisso Green Co., Ltd."), Bacillus subtilis strain MBI600 (e.g., "Botopica Wettable Powder®" manufactured by "Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd."), Bacillus subtilis Bacillus thuringiensis strain Y1336 (e.g., "Batistar Wettable Powder (registered trademark)" manufactured by "Arista LifeSciences, Inc."), Bacillus thuringiensis strain AM65-52 (e.g., "VectoBac (registered trademark)" manufactured by "Valent BioSciences, US"), Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis strain BMP144 (e.g., "Aquabac (registered trademark)" manufactured by "Becker Microbial Products IL"), Bacillus thuringiensis subspec. Kurstaki strain BMP123 (manufactured by "Becker Microbial Products, IL"), Bacillus thuringiensis Kurstaki strain HD-1 (e.g., "Valent BioSciences, "Dipel ES (registered trademark)" manufactured in the US, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai strain ABTS-1857 (SD-1372, for example, "Bayer Crop Science AG,"XenTari (registered trademark)" manufactured by "DE", Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai antigen type H-7 (e.g., "Florbac WG (registered trademark)" manufactured by "Valent BioSciences, US"), Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai strain GC-91, Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies. Aegypti (e.g., "Agerin (registered trademark)"), Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis strain NB176 (SD-5428, e.g., "Novodor" manufactured by "BioFa DE") Bacillus spp. such as FC (registered trademark), Bacillus thuringiensis var. 7216 (e.g., "Amactic" and "Pethian"), Bacillus thuringiensis var. T36 (e.g., "Cahat"), Bacillus thuringiensis var. Colmeri (e.g., "TianBaoBTc (registered trademark)" from "Changzhou Jianghai Chemical Factory"), Bacillus thuringiensis var. san diego (e.g., "M-One (registered trademark)" from "Bacillus thuringiensis var. san diego"), etc.; Beauveria bassiana Beauveria bassiana strain (e.g., "Naturalis®" manufactured by "Intrachem Bio Italia"), Beauveria bassiana strain CG716 (e.g., "BoveMax®" manufactured by "Novozymes"), Beauveria bassianaBeauveria spp. such as strain F-263 (e.g., "BioLisa Madara®" manufactured by Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd.), Beauveria bassiana strain GHA (e.g., "Botaniguard Wettable Powder®" manufactured by ARYSTA), Beauveria brongniartii (e.g., "Beaupro®" manufactured by Andermatt Biocontrol AG); Bradyrhizobium japonicum (e.g., "Optimize®" manufactured by Novozymes); Burkholderia spp. strain A396 (e.g., "MBI-206 TGAI®" manufactured by Marrone Bio Innovations); Candida oleophila Candida spp. such as Candida oleophila strain I-82 (e.g., "Aspire®" from Ecogen Inc., US), Candida oleophila strain O (e.g., "Nexy®" from BioNext), Candida saitoana (e.g., from Biotechnology Research and Development Corporation), Candida saitoana (e.g., "BIOCURE®" from Micro Flo Company, US (BASF SE)); Chaetomium cupreum (e.g., "BIOKUPRUM™" from AgriLife), Chaetomium globosum (e.g., "RIVadiom®" from RIVale); and Chaetomium genus such as Chaetomium sp.); Chromobacterium subtsugae strain PRAA4-1T (MBI-203, for example, "Marrone BioChromobacterium sp. such as "Grandevo®" manufactured by Innovations; Cladosporium cladosporioides (e.g., manufactured by "Cladosporium cladosporioides"); Clonostachys rosea f. catenulate strain J1446 (e.g., "PRESTOP®" manufactured by Verdera, Finland); Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (e.g., "Collego®" manufactured by Agriultural Research Initiatives); Coniothyrium minitans strain CON / M / 91-08 (e.g., "Contans®" manufactured by Encore Technologies, LLC); and other Coniothyrium species. spp.); Cryptococcus albidus (e.g., "YieldPlus®" manufactured by "Anchor Bio-Technologies, ZA"); Delftia acidovorans strain RAY209 (e.g., "BioBoost®" manufactured by "Brett Young Seeds"); Dilophosphora alopecuri (e.g., "Twist Fungus®"); Drecsrela sp. such as Drecsrela monoceras strain MTB-951 (e.g., "Tasmart Herbicide®" manufactured by "Mitsui Chemicals Agro, Inc."); Entomophthora virlenta virulenta) (e.g., "Vektor(registered trademark)" manufactured by "Ecomic"); Fusarium oxysporum strain 101-2 (e.g., "Marukalite" manufactured by "Eisai Seikaken Co., Ltd."), Fusarium oxysporum (FusariumFusarium spp., such as strain Fo47 (for example, "Fusaclean®" manufactured by "Natural Plant Protection"); Gliocladium sp. strains such as Gliocladium catenulatum strain J1446 (e.g., "Prestop®" manufactured by "AgBio Inc."), Gliocladium roseum strain 321U (manufactured by "WFStoneman Company LLC"); Hirsutella thompsonii (e.g., "Mycohit®" and "ABTEC®" manufactured by "Agro Bio-tech Research Centre, IN"); Lactobacillus acidophilus (e.g., "Fruitsan®" manufactured by "Inagrosa-Industrias Agrobiologicas, SA"), and Lactobacillus plantarum strain BY (e.g., "Meiji Seika") Lactobacillus sp. (e.g., Lactobacillus sp. manufactured by Pharma Co., Ltd., Lactoguard Wettable Powder), Lactobacillus sp. (e.g., Lactoplant® manufactured by LactoPAFI), etc.; Conidia of Lecanicillium lecanii strain KV01 (e.g., Mycotal® manufactured by Koppert / Arysta); Metarhizium anisopliae strain F52 (e.g., BIO 1020® manufactured by Bayer CropScience), Metarhizium anisopliae strain SMZ-2000 (Pirates Granules® manufactured by Arista LifeScience Co., Ltd.), Metarhizium anisopliae variety Acridium var. acridum) (for example, "Green Muscle®" by "Biological Control Products"), Metarhizium anisopliae var. acridumMetarhizium spp. such as acridum (e.g., "GreenGuard" manufactured by Becker Underwood, US); Metschnikowia fructicola (e.g., "Shemer" manufactured by Bayer CropScience); Microdochium dimerum (e.g., "ANTIBOT" manufactured by Agrauxine, France); Microsphaeropsis ochracea (e.g., "Microx" manufactured by Prophyta); Monacrosporium phymatopagum (e.g., "Nemahiton" manufactured by Tomoe Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.); Mucor haemelis (e.g., "Indore BiotechInputs & BioAvard® manufactured by Research); Myrothecium verrucaria strain AARC-0255 (e.g., DiTera™ manufactured by Valent Biosciences); Ophiostoma piliferum strain D97 (e.g., Sylvanex); Paecilomyces fumosoroseus strain apopka97 (e.g., PreFeRal® WG manufactured by Biobest); Paecilomyces fumosoroseus strain FE9901 (e.g., No Fly™ manufactured by Natural Industries Inc. (Novozymes company)); Paecilomyces fumosoroseus fumosoroseus) (for example, "Preferred Wettable Powder" manufactured by "Tokai Bussan Co., Ltd."), Paecilomyces lilacinus strain 251 (for example, "BioAct" manufactured by "Prophyta")Compositions containing Paecilomyces lilacinus (e.g., "MELOCON"); Paecilomyces tenuipes strain T1 (e.g., "Gottsu A" manufactured by Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd.); Paecilomyces variotii strain Q-09 (e.g., "Nemaquim" manufactured by Quimia, MX); Paenibacillus polymyxa strain AC-1 ("Topseed" manufactured by Green Biotech Company Ltd.); Paenibacillus poppiliae (e.g., "St. Gabriel"); Paenibacillus spp. such as "Milky spore disease (registered trademark)" manufactured by "Laboratories"; Pasteuria nishizawa ("ClarIVa (registered trademark)"), Pasteuria nishizawae (e.g., "oyacystLF / ST (registered trademark)" manufactured by "Pasteuria Bioscience"), Pasteuria penetrans (e.g., "Pasteuria (registered trademark)" manufactured by "Pasteuria Bioscience"), and other Pasteuria spp.; Pectobacterium carotovorum (e.g., "BioKeeper (registered trademark)" manufactured by "Nissan Chemical Corporation"), Pectobacterium carotovorum Pectobacterium spp. such as the carotovorum CGE234M403 strain (e.g., "Ecomate®" manufactured by Kumiai Chemical); Penicillium bilaii strains (e.g., "Jump" manufactured by Novozymes)Start (registered trademark)); Phlebiopsis gigantea strain FOC PG B22 / SP1190 / 3.2 (e.g., "ROTSOP (registered trademark)" manufactured by "Verdera, Finland"); Phoma macrostroma strain 94-44B (e.g., "Phoma H (registered trademark)" manufactured by "Scotts, US"); Pochonia chlamydosporia var. catenulata (e.g., "KlamiC (registered trademark)" manufactured by "The National Center of Animal and Plant Health (CENSA); CU"); Pseudomonas aureofaciens strain TX-1 (e.g., "Spot-Less" manufactured by "Eco Soils Systems, CA" Biofungicide®), Pseudomonas chlororaphis strain 63-28 (e.g., "ATEze®" from "EcoSoil Systems"), Pseudomonas chlororaphis strain MA342 (e.g., "Cedomon®" from "Bioagri,S"), Pseudomonas fluorescens strain 1629RS (e.g., "Frostban D®" from "Frost Technology Corp"), Pseudomonas fluorescens strain A506 (e.g., "Blightban®" from "Blightban"), Pseudomonas fluorescens Pseudomonas fluorescens strain FPT-9601 ("Small Seedling Soil (registered trademark)" manufactured by Taki Chemical Co., Ltd.), a mixture of Pseudomonas fluorescens strain FPT-9601 and strain FPH-9601 ("Cell Seedling Genki (registered trademark)" manufactured by Taki Chemical Co., Ltd.), Pseudomonas fluorescensPseudomonas fluorescens strain G7090 (e.g., "VeggieKeeper®" manufactured by "Arista LifeScience, Inc."), Pseudomonas proradix (e.g., "Proradix®" manufactured by "Sourcon Padena"), Pseudomonas resinovorans (e.g., "Solanacure®" manufactured by "Agricultural Research Council, SA"), Pseudomonas syringae strain MA-4 (e.g., "Biosave®" manufactured by "EcoScience, US"), Pseudomonas syringae strain 742RS (e.g., "Frost Technology Corp®" manufactured by "Frostban C"), Pseudomonas rodesia (Pseudomonas Pseudomonas spp. such as Pseudomonas rhodesiae HAI-0804 strain (manufactured by Nippon Soda Co., Ltd. as "Masterpiece Wettable Powder"); Pseudomonas sp. strain CAB-02 (for example, manufactured by Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd. as "Momigenki Wettable Powder"); Pseudozyma sp. such as Pseudozyma aphidis (for example, manufactured by Yissum Research Development Company of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem); Pseudozyma flocculosa strain PF-A22 UL (for example, manufactured by Plant Products Co. Ltd., CA as "Sporodex L"); and Pythium oligandilum. oligandrum) strain DV74 or M1 (e.g., "Polyversum®" manufactured by "Bioprepraty, CZ"); Reynoutria sachlinensis (e.g., "Marrone BioInnovations,"REGALIA®" manufactured in the US; Rhizopogon spp. such as Rhizopogon amylopogon (e.g., "Myco-Sol®" manufactured by Helena Chemical Company), Rhizopogon fulvigleba (e.g., "Myco-Sol®" manufactured by Helena Chemical Company); Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains (e.g., manufactured by Lesaffre et Compagnie, FR); Sclerotinia minor (e.g., "Sarritor®" manufactured by Agrium Advanced Technologies); Serratia entomophila (e.g., "Invade®" manufactured by Wrightson Seeds); Sporothrix insecturum insectorum) (e.g., "Sporothrix Es(registered trademark)" from "Biocerto;BR"); Stagonospora phaseoli (e.g., commercially available from "Syngenta"); Streptomyces acidiscabies strain RL-110T (e.g., "MBI-005EP(registered trademark)" from "Marrone Bioinnovations, CA"), Streptomyces candidus strain Y21007-2 (e.g., "BioBac(registered trademark)" from "Biontech,TW"), Streptomyces galbus strain K61 (e.g., "Mycostop(registered trademark)" from "Verdera"), Streptomyces lydicus strain WYEC108 (e.g., "Natural Industries, "ACTINOVATE (registered trademark)" made in the US, Streptomyces saraceticusStreptomyces spp. such as *Streptomyces saraceticus* (e.g., "Clanda®" manufactured by "A & A Group (Agro Chemical Corp.)"); Talaromyces flavus strain B-422 (e.g., "Momikeeper®" manufactured by "Central Glass Co., Ltd."), Talaromyces flavus strain SAY-Y-94-01 (e.g., "Toughblock®" manufactured by "Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd."), Talaromyces flavus strain V117b (e.g., "PROTUS® WG" manufactured by "Prophyta, DE"); Thiobacillus sp. (e.g., "Cropaid Ltd, "Cropaid®" manufactured by "UK"); Trichoderma album (e.g., product known as "Bio-Zeid"), Trichoderma asperellum strain ICC012 (manufactured by "Isagro"), Trichoderma asperellum strain T34 (e.g., "T34 Biocontrol®" manufactured by "Bioncontrol Technologies, ES"), Trichoderma asperellum strain SKT-1 (e.g., "ECO-HOPE®" manufactured by "Kumiai Chemical Industry Co., Ltd."), Trichoderma atroviride strain (e.g., "EsquIVe® WP" manufactured by "Agrauxine, FR"), Trichoderma atroviride (Trichoderma Trichoderma atroviride strain LC52 (e.g., "Tenet®" manufactured by "Agrimm Technologies Ltd, NZ"), Trichoderma atroviride strain SKT-1 (e.g., "Ecohope DJ®" manufactured by "Kumiai Chemical Industry Co., Ltd."), Trichoderma scaber* Trichoderma gamsii* strain ICC080 (e.g., "BIO-TAM™" manufactured by "Bayer Crop Science LP, US"), *Trichoderma harzianum* strain DB103 (e.g., "T-Gro 7456" manufactured by "Dagutat Biolab"), Trichoderma harzianum strain ITEM908 (e.g., "Trianum-P®" by Koppert), Trichoderma harzianum strain KD (e.g., "Trichoplus®" by Biological Control Products, SA), Trichoderma harzianum strain TH-35 (e.g., "ROOT PRO®" by Mycontrol Ltd.), Trichoderma harzianum rifai strain T-22 (KRL-AG2) (e.g., Firma BioWorks Inc.)"PLANTSHIELD T-22G (registered trademark)" manufactured by "US", Trichoderma harzianum rifai strain T-39 (e.g., "TRICHODEX (registered trademark)" manufactured by "Makhteshim Ltd, US"), Trichoderma lignorum strain TL-0601 (e.g., "Mycotric (registered trademark)" manufactured by "Futureco Bioscience, ES"), Trichoderma polysporum strain (e.g., "Binab TF WP (registered trademark)" manufactured by "BINAB Bio-Innovation AB, Sweden"), Trichoderma stromaticum (e.g., "TRICOVAB (registered trademark)" manufactured by "Ceplac;Brazil"), Trichoderma virens Trichoderma spp. (including strain GL-21, also known as Gliocladium virens, sold under the brand name SOILGARD® by Certis LLC, US), Trichoderma viride strain ICC080, sold under the brand name REMEDIER®WP by Isagro Ricerca, ITALIA, and Trichoderma viride strain TV1, sold under the brand name Trianum-P® by Koppert)); Tsukamurella paurometabola strain C-924 (e.g., "HeberNem®"); Ulocladium oudemansii strain HRU3 (e.g., "Botry-Zen®" manufactured by "Botry-Zen Ltd, NZ"); Variovorax paradoxus strain CGF4526 (e.g., "Fieldkeeper Wettable Powder®" manufactured by "Central Glass"); VA (Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhiza) mycorrhizal fungus ("Dr. Kincon®" manufactured by "Idemitsu Agri"); Verticillium alboatrum strain WCS850 (e.g., "Dutch Trig®" manufactured by "Tree Care Innovations"), Verticillium lecani (Verticillium It is also possible to use other Verticillium species (Verticillium spp.), such as Verticillium lecanii strain IMI179172 (e.g., "Vertarec®" manufactured by Arista LifeScience Co., Ltd.) and Verticillium lecanii strain IMI263817 (e.g., "Mycotar®" manufactured by Arista LifeScience Co., Ltd.); as well as Xanthomonas campestris (Campelico Liquid®, available from Taki Chemical Co., Ltd.), etc.

[0042] Furthermore, in recent years, IPM (Integrated Pest Management) techniques using insect pheromones (such as mating disruptors for leafrollers and armyworms) and natural enemy insects have advanced, and the agent of the present invention can be used in combination with or systematically integrated with these techniques. For example, *Amblyseius japonica*, *Amblyseius spp.*, *Amblyseius isae*, *Amblyseius greenhouse*, *Amblyseius kii*, *Aphidius gifuensis*, *Amblyseius cucumeris*, *Amblyseius colemani*, *Amblyseius colemani*, *Amblyseius desertis*, *Amblyseius gall midge*, *Amblyseius swirskii*, *Amblyseius continental*, *Amblyseius chrysippus*, *Amblyseius chirimensis*, *Amblyseius japonica*, *Amblyseius degenerates*, *Trichogramma* (bee), *Harmonia axyridis*, *Amblyseius axyridis*, *Amblyseius japonica*, *Amblyseius miyakoensis*, *Harmonia axyridis*, *Amblyseius ryukyuensis*, *Rhizoctonia* Springtails such as F. candida and A. flavescens (described in "Springtails and Infectious Plant Pathogens (Rhizoctonia genus)" Chemistry and Biology, Vol. 51, No. 4, 2013, pp. 267-269), which feed on spp., natural enemies such as the ruby-red parasitic wasp, the Japanese lacewing, the European flying wasp, and the Limonica mites.

[0043] Abbreviata caucasica; Acuaria spp.; Agamermis decaudata; Allantonema spp.; Amphimermis spp.; Beddingia siridicola; Bovienema spp.; Cameronia spp.; Chitwoodiella ovofilamenta; Contortylenchus spp.; Culicimermis spp.; Diplotoriana spp.; Empidomermis spp.); Filipjevimermis leipsandra; Gastromermis spp.; Gongylonema spp.; Gynopoecilia pseudovipara; Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (e.g., the product known as "B-Green"), Heterorhabditis baujardi, Heterorhabditis heliothidis (e.g., the product known as "Nematon"), Heterorhabditis indica Heterorhabditis spp., including species such as Heterorhabditis indica, Heterorhabditis marelatus, Heterorhabditis megidis, and Heterorhabditis zealandica; Hexamermis spp.; and Hydromermis spp.);Isomermis spp.;Limnomermis spp.;Maupasina weissi;Mermis nigrescens;Mesomermis spp.;Neomesomermis spp.;Neoparasitylenchus rugulosi;Octomyomermis spp.;Parasitaphelenchus spp.;Parasitorhabditis spp.;Parasitylenchus spp.;Perutilimermis culicis); Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita; Physaloptera spp.; Protrellatus spp.; Pterygodermatites spp.; Romanomermis spp.; Seuratum cadarachense; Sphaerulariopsis spp.); Spirura guianensis; Steinernema carpocapsae (e.g., products known as "Biocontrol" and "Biosafe®" manufactured by SDS Biotech Co., Ltd.), Steinernema feltiae (e.g., products known as "Nemasys®"), Steinernema glaseri (e.g., products known as "Biotopia®" and "Biotopia" manufactured by Arista LifeScience Co., Ltd.), Steinernema kraussei (e.g., products known as "Larvesure"), Steinernema kushidai (Steinernema * (e.g., *Shibaichi Nema* manufactured by Kubota Corporation), *Steinernema riobrave* (e.g., the product known as *Biovector*), *Steinernema scapterisci* (e.g., the product known as *Nematac S*), *Steinernema scarabaei*, *Steinernema siamkayai*, and other species of the genus *Steinernema*; *Strelkovimermis peterseni*; *Subulura* spp.; *Sulphuretylenchus elongatus*; *Tetrameres* spp.; and other natural enemy nematodes.

[0044] Tobacco mosaic virus, apple tortrix moth (Adoxophyes orana) granulosis virus (GV) (e.g., product known as "BIOF-Capex®"), mixture of apple tortrix moth (Adoxophyes orana) granulosis virus (MAFF632001) and tea tortrix granulosis virus (MAFF632002) (e.g., "Tortrix Natural Enemy®" manufactured by "Arista Life Sciences, Inc."), turnip moth (Agrotis segetum) nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV), Anticarsia gemmatalis (Woolly pyrol moth) mNPV (e.g., product known as "Polygen®"), Autographacalifornica (Alfalfa Looper) mNPV (e.g., product known as "VPN80®"; supplied by: Agricola El Sol), tea looper (Biston suppressaria) NPV, silkworm (Bombyx mori) NPV, Cryptophlebia leucotreta (false codling moth) GV (e.g., product known as "Cryptex®"), Cydia pomonella spp. such as Cydia pomonella granulosis, viruses, codlinga (Cydia pomonella) granulosis virus (CpGV) (e.g., product known as "Madex Plus®"), Masson's pine moth (Dendrolimus punctatus) CPV (e.g., DVC wettable powder "Matsukemin" manufactured by Chugai Pharmaceutical), Helicoverpa (Armygella) Armigera NPV (e.g., products known as "AgBiTech-VIVUS Max®"), Helicoverpa zea (formerly Heliothis zea) NPV (e.g., products known as "Elcar®"), Leucoma scoparius (NPV of *Salicis*, *Lymantria dispar* (e.g., the product known as "Gypcheck®"), *Neodiprion abietis* (balsam-fir sawfly) (e.g., the product known as "AbietIV®"), *Neodiprion lecontei* (red-headed pinesawfly) NPV (e.g., the product known as "Lecontvirus®"), *Neodiprion sertifer* (pine sawfly) NPV (e.g., the product known as "Neocheck-S®"), *Orgyia pseudotsugata* (Douglas-fir tussock moth) NPV (e.g., the product known as "Virtuss®"), and *Phthorimaea* (tobacco leaf miner). operculella)GV (e.g., product known as "Matapol®"), cabbage white butterfly (Pieris rapae)GV, diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella)GV (e.g., product known as "Plutec®"), Spodoptera albula (gray-streaked armyworm moth)mNPV (e.g., product known as "VPN 82®"), African true armyworm (Spodoptera exempta)mNPV (e.g., product known as "Spodec®"), sugarbeet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua)mNPV (e.g., product known as "Spexit®"; supplier: Andermatt Biocontrol), fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda)mNPV (e.g., "Baculovirus Products known as VPN (registered trademark), Egyptian cutworm (tobacco cutworm) (Spodoptera)Spodoptera litura NPV (product known as "Spodoptrin®"; supplier: NPP Calliope France), Spodoptera litura NPV (Littovir®), Spodoptera litura nuclear polyhedrosis virus Fu-1 strain embedded ("Spodoptera natural enemy" manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd.), Spodoptera litura nuclear polyhedrosis virus clone A9 and clone C3 embedded (e.g., "Spodoptera killer" manufactured by Ibigawa Industries Co., Ltd.), Zucchini yellow mosaic virus attenuated strain ZY-02 (e.g., "Kyoto Microbial Chemistry Research Institute" manufactured by Microbial Chemistry Research Institute Co., Ltd.) Viral agents such as ZY-02 (registered trademark), zucchini yellow mosaic virus attenuated strain ZY-95 (for example, "Kyoto Microbial Chemistry Research Institute Co., Ltd."'s "Cubio ZY (registered trademark)"), chili pepper mild mottle virus attenuated strain AVP08 (for example, "Green Pepper PM (registered trademark)" manufactured by "Microbial Chemistry Research Institute Co., Ltd."),

[0045] Aluminum gel, uwabarua, diamorua, beetarmirua, litrua agents ("Confuser V (registered trademark)" manufactured by "Kyoyu Agri Co., Ltd."), Kyurua liquid agent (for example, "Kyurua (registered trademark)" manufactured by "Sankei Chemical Co., Ltd."), methyl eugenol agent (for example, "Sankei Methyl Eugenol (registered trademark)" manufactured by "Sankei Chemical Co., Ltd."), Sinancellua agent ("Sukashibacon L (registered trademark)" manufactured by "Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd."), Kossinlua agent ("Bokutocon-H (registered trademark)" manufactured by "Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd."), Totrilua agent ( "Hamakikon-N (registered trademark)" manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd., Oriflua / Totrilua / Peachflua agent ("Confuser R (registered trademark)" manufactured by Kyoyu Agri Co., Ltd.), Oriflua / Totrilua / Peachflua agent ("Confuser N (registered trademark)" manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.), Oriflua / Totrilua / Peachflua / Pirimalua agent ("Confuser MM (registered trademark)" manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.), Arimalua / Oriflua / Totrilua / Peachflua agent ("Confuser AA (registered trademark)" manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.) (Registered Trademark)), Machinisalua agent ("Hetamushikon (Registered Trademark)" manufactured by "Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd."), Fallweblua agent ("Nitolua <Ameshiro> (Registered Trademark)" manufactured by "Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd."), Kerkibolua agent ("Kashinagacol (Registered Trademark)" manufactured by "Sankei Chemical Co., Ltd."), Bulware / Locaria agent (for example, "Confuser G (Registered Trademark)" manufactured by "Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd."), MEP / Sweetbilua granules ("Arimodokicol granules (Registered Trademark)" manufactured by "Sankei Chemical Co., Ltd."), Inferua agent ("Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd." Pheromone agents such as "Yotoukon-1 (registered trademark)" manufactured by "Sankei Chemical Co., Ltd.", okimelanolua agents (for example, "Sankei Okimelanocol (registered trademark)" manufactured by "Sankei Chemical Co., Ltd."), saccinellanora agents (for example, "Saccinellacol (registered trademark)" manufactured by "Sankei Chemical Co., Ltd."), beet arm luria agents (for example, "Yotoukon-S (registered trademark)" manufactured by "Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd."), liturua agents (for example, "Ferodin SL (registered trademark)" manufactured by "Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd."), diamorua agents (for example, "Konagakon (registered trademark)" manufactured by "Sankei Chemical Co., Ltd."), etc.

[0046] Acacia negra extract, abscisic acid, Chenopodium ambrosiodae extract, arginine, alginate oligosaccharide, Nepitella oil, eugenol, L-carvone, ethyl formate, chitin, chitosan (e.g., "BotriZen Ltd.")"ARMOUR-ZEN" made in NZ, Quillay Extract, Ginkgolide A, Ginkgolide B, Ginkgolide C, Ginkgolide J, and Ginkgolide M selected from the group of Ginkgolide components, Grapefruit seed and pulp extract, Potassium silicate, Cytokinin, Sanguinarine (derived from Macleaya cordata), Cis-Jasmone, Citral, Gibberellin derivative, Siccanin (a substance produced by the filamentous fungus Helminthosporium siccans), Citronella oil Oil), citronellol, jasmonic acid, methyl jasmonate, sorbitol actanoate, neem tree (extracts from seeds of the neem tree), neem oil, thymol, terpinolene, synthetically produced terpene components of extracts of Chenopodium ambrosioides near ambrosioides [which contain a mixture of three terpenes, namely α-terpinene, p-cymene, and limonene, as pesticides] (e.g., products known as "Requiem®"; supplied by Bayer) CropScienceLP,(US), bilobalide, humic acid and fulvic acid extracted from lignite clay, pentatermanone, marigold oil, isopropyl myristate, methyl eugenol, methyl jasmonate, heptyl butyrate, lavanulyl senecioate, lignite (also known as leonardite) Humates such as coal, lecithin, (E,Z)-7,9-dodecadiene-1-yl acetate, (E,Z)-2,4-ethyldecadienone (pear ester), (Z,Z,E)-7,11,13-hexadecadienal, 2-methyl-1-butanol, (E,Z)-2,13-octadecadiene-1-ol, (E,Z)-2,13-octadecadiene-1-ol acetate, (E,Z)-3,13-octadecadiene-1-ol, R-1-octen-3-ol, (E,Z,Z)-3,8,11-tetradecatrienylenyl acetate, (Z,E)-9,12-Tetradecadiene-1-ylacetate, Z-7-Tetradecen-2-one, Z-9-Tetradecen-1-ylacetate, Z-11-Tetradecenal, Z-11-Tetradecen-1-ol, plumbagin (plant extract component from the genera Pongamia, Calotropis, Plumbago, Maytenus, Baccharis, Rubia, Calophyllum, Urtica, Kobresia, and Caesalpinia), Rhodo-pseudomonas speroides Extracts from organisms such as speroides, particularly brassinosteroids produced from strain IFO-12203; and Harpin (isolated by Erwinia amylovora (Harpin protein); for example, products known as "Harp-N-Tek®", "Messenger®", "Employ®", and "ProAct®") can also be used in combination. [Examples]

[0047] Representative examples and test examples of the fungicide composition for controlling apple diseases of the present invention are shown below, but the present invention is not limited to these. In the examples, "parts" refers to "parts by mass".

[0048] Formulation Example 1: Flowable formulation Sulfur 4.0 parts Cyprodinil 10.2 parts Solpol 3105 (manufactured by Toho Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) 5.0 parts Roadsill 454 (manufactured by Rhodia) 0.1 part Propylene glycol 7.0 parts Rodpol 23 (Solvay Nikka Co., Ltd.) 0.2 inch Water 73.5 parts The above ingredients are mixed uniformly and dispersed in water to form an aqueous suspension (flowable formulation).

[0049] Formulation example 2. Flowable formulation Sulfur 20.0 parts Ipflufenoquin 2.0 parts New Calgen D410 (manufactured by Takemoto Oil Co., Ltd.) 3.0 parts Molwet D-425 (manufactured by Lion Specialty Chemicals Co., Ltd.) 2.0 copies Roadsill 454 (manufactured by Rhodia) 0.1 part Propylene glycol 5.0 parts Rodpol 23 (Solvay Nikka Co., Ltd.) 0.2 inch Water 67.7 parts The above ingredients are mixed uniformly and dispersed in water to form an aqueous suspension (flowable formulation).

[0050] Formulation Example 3: Flowable Formulation Sulfur 15.0 parts Dithianone 6.0 parts Solpol 3105 (manufactured by Toho Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) 3.0 parts Molwet D-425 (manufactured by Lion Specialty Chemicals Co., Ltd.) 2.0 copies Roadsill 454 (manufactured by Rhodia) 0.1 part Propylene glycol 5.0 parts Rodpol 23 (Solvay Nikka Co., Ltd.) 0.2 inch Water 68.7 parts The above ingredients are mixed uniformly and dispersed in water to form an aqueous suspension (flowable formulation).

[0051] Test Example 1. Control efficacy test against apple scab fungus (Venturia inaequalis) The effectiveness of the control agents was confirmed using the agar plate dilution method. Agar plates containing either a single agent or a mixture of agents diluted to a predetermined concentration were inoculated with the relevant cells of Venturia inaequalis, and then placed under 15°C and high humidity conditions for approximately one month. Afterward, the diameter of the mycelium in a petri dish was measured, and the rate of mycelial growth inhibition compared to the untreated group was calculated. Simultaneously, E (expected value) was calculated using Colby's formula (see Colby, SR, Weeds 15:20-22 (1967)).

[0052] [Colby's formula] E (expected value) = (X + Y) - (X × Y / 100)

[0053] Here, E (expected value) is the expected disease control effect when the first active ingredient, sulfur or a sulfur-containing agent, and the second active ingredient, each fungicide, are mixed and treated. X represents the control effect when the first active ingredient is treated alone, and Y represents the control effect when each fungicide, the second active ingredient, is treated alone. In fact, if the rate of mycelial growth inhibition when the two active ingredients, the first and second, are mixed and treated exceeds this E (expected value), it can be determined that the combination exhibits a synergistic effect.

[0054] The use of sulfur and cyprodinil in combination to combat apple scab (Venturia inaequalis) Results of pest control effectiveness tests [Table 1]

[0055] Apple scab (Venturia inaequalis) caused by the mixed use of sulfur and impulfluxam. Results of control efficacy tests against [Table 2]

[0056] Test Example 2. Control Efficacy Test against Apple Brown Spot Disease Fungus (Diplocarpon mali) 1 Plants grown in pots were treated with a sufficient amount of each pesticide, either individually or in mixtures (with a spreading agent added), diluted to the specified concentration, using an automatic sprayer. The spore suspension of the apple brown spot fungus (Diplocarpon mali) was tested (6.0 × 10⁻⁶). 5 A suspension (containing 100 cells / mL) was prepared and spray-inoculated. The plants were then maintained under high humidity conditions at 20°C for 3 days, and subsequently managed in a greenhouse. The uppermost unfolded leaf (N leaf) and lower leaves (up to N-1 and N-2 leaves) at the time of inoculation were investigated. The investigation involved indexing the diseased area percentage on a scale of 0-10 and calculating the control value (0-100). In addition, E (expected value) was calculated using Colby's formula, as in Experiment 1.

[0057] Criteria for disease incidence index 0: No symptoms developed 1 : Lesion area rate 1 ~ 10% 2 : Lesion area rate 11 ~ 20% 3 : Lesion area rate 21 ~ 30% 4 : Lesion area rate 31 ~ 40% 5 : Lesion area rate 41 ~ 50% 6 : Lesion area rate 51 ~ 60% 7 : Lesion area rate 61 ~ 70% 8 : Lesion area rate 71 ~ 80% 9 : Lesion area rate 81 ~ 90% 10: Lesion area rate 91 ~ 100%

[0058] [Formula for calculating pest control costs] Control value (%) = (Disease incidence index in untreated area - Disease incidence index in treated area) × 100 / Disease incidence index in untreated area

[0059] Results of efficacy tests on controlling apple brown spot disease fungus (Diplocarpon mali) using a mixture of sulfur and cyprodinil. [Table 3]

[0060] Results of efficacy tests on controlling apple brown spot disease fungus (Diplocarpon mali) using a mixture of sulfur and ibuflufenoquin. [Table 4]

[0061] Results of efficacy tests on controlling apple brown spot disease fungus (Diplocarpon mali) using a mixture of sulfur and dithianone. [Table 5]

[0062] Test Example 3. Control Efficacy Test against Apple Brown Spot Disease Fungus (Diplocarpon mali) 2 The control effect was confirmed using the agar plate dilution method (GG medium). After inoculating agar plates containing the individual or mixed solutions of each agent diluted to a predetermined concentration with the relevant cells of the apple brown spot fungus (Diplocarpon mali), the plates were left for approximately one month under 15°C and high humidity conditions. Subsequently, the diameter of the mycelium on a petri dish was measured, and the rate of mycelial growth inhibition compared to the untreated group was calculated. In addition, as in Test Example 1, E (expected value) was calculated using Colby's formula.

[0063] Results of efficacy tests on controlling apple brown spot disease fungus (Diplocarpon mali) using a mixture of sulfur and quinohumerin. [Table 6]

[0064] Test Example 4. Control Efficacy Test against Apple Brown Spot Disease Fungus (Diplocarpon mali) 3 Plants grown in pots were treated with a sufficient amount of each pesticide, either individually or in mixtures (with a spreading agent added), diluted to the specified concentration, using an automatic sprayer. The spore suspension of the apple brown spot fungus (Diplocarpon mali) was used (test 5.0 × 10). 5A suspension (containing 100 cells / mL) was prepared and spray-inoculated. The plants were then maintained under high humidity conditions at 20°C for 3 days, and subsequently managed in a greenhouse. The uppermost developed leaf (N leaf) and lower leaves (up to N-1 and N-2 leaves) at the time of inoculation were investigated. Similar to Test Example 2, the diseased area percentage was indexed on a scale of 0-10, and the control value was calculated (0-100). Also, similar to Test Example 1, E (expected value) was calculated using Colby's formula.

[0065] Results of efficacy tests on controlling apple brown spot disease fungus (Diplocarpon mali) using a mixture of sulfur and fluxapyroxade. [Table 7]

[0066] Test Example 5. Efficacy test for controlling apple scab (Venturia inaequalis) The control effect was confirmed by the agar plate dilution method (YB medium). After inoculating agar plates containing the individual or mixed solutions of each agent diluted to a predetermined concentration with the relevant cells of apple scab fungus (Venturia inaequalis), the plates were left for approximately one month under 15°C and high humidity conditions. Subsequently, the diameter of the fungal colony on a petri dish was measured, and the rate of mycelial growth inhibition compared to the untreated group was calculated. In addition, as in Test Example 1, E (expected value) was calculated using Colby's formula.

[0067] Results of efficacy tests on controlling apple scab (Venturia inaequalis) using a mixture of sulfur and fluxapyroxade. [Table 8]

[0068] As shown in Tables 1 to 8 above, the fungicide composition for controlling apple diseases of the present invention exhibits a synergistic effect in controlling apple diseases when mixed with a first active ingredient, sulfur or a sulfur-containing agent, and a second active ingredient, each fungicide other than the first active ingredient. As a result, mycelial growth inhibition rates and control values ​​exceeding Colby's expected values ​​were observed, confirming a remarkably synergistic disease suppression effect against apple diseases. [Industrial applicability]

[0069] The present invention relates to a fungicide composition for controlling apple diseases, comprising sulfur or a sulfur-containing agent and other fungicides as active ingredients, as well as a method of using the same and a method of controlling apple diseases. Compared to the use of each active ingredient alone, the present invention exhibits effects such as suppression of the spread of target diseases, remarkable synergistic effects, reduction of the amount of pesticide used, and reduction of the number of pesticide applications against one or more of the target apple diseases, particularly apple scab (Venturia inaequalis), apple brown spot (Diplocarpon mali), apple powdery mildew (Podosphaera leucotricha), apple leaf spot (Alternaria mali), black spot (Mycosphaerella pomi), sooty spot (Zygophiala jamaicensis), and sooty blotch (Gloeodes pomigena). Therefore, it is useful because it can efficiently control apple diseases that are difficult or impossible to control with conventional techniques.

Claims

1. The first active ingredient is sulfur or a sulfur-containing agent, The second active ingredient contains a bactericide other than the first active ingredient. A fungicide composition for controlling diseases in apple trees.

2. The fungicide composition for controlling apple diseases according to claim 1, wherein the second active ingredient, a fungicide, is one or more fungicides selected from DHODHI fungicides (dihydroorotic acid dehydrogenase inhibitors), multi-point contact active fungicide compounds, amino acids and protein biosynthesis inhibitors, and SDHI (succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors) fungicides.

3. The fungicide composition for controlling apple diseases according to claim 1, wherein the second active ingredient is one or more fungicides selected from ipflufenoquin, dithianon, cyprodinil, inpyrfluxam, quinofumelin, flxapyroxad, or salts thereof.

4. The fungicide composition for controlling apple diseases according to claim 1, comprising 0.001 to 500 parts by mass of the second active ingredient with respect to 1 part by mass of the first active ingredient.

5. The fungicide composition for controlling apple diseases according to claim 1, comprising 0.005 to 10 parts by mass of the second active ingredient with respect to 1 part by mass of the first active ingredient.

6. A method for using the fungicide composition for controlling apple diseases according to claim 1, wherein the apple disease is one or more of the following: apple scab (Venturia inaequalis), apple brown spot (Diplocarpon mali), apple powdery mildew (Podosphaera leucotricha), apple leaf spot (Alternaria mali), black spot (Mycosphaerella pomi), sooty spot (Zygophiala jamaicensis), and sooty blotch (Gloeodes pomigena).

7. A method for using an apple disease control fungicide composition, characterized by applying an effective amount of the apple disease control fungicide composition described in claim 1 to any of the following: the location where the apple disease occurs, the crop where the apple disease is expected to occur, the surrounding soil where the crop grows, or the cultivation carrier.

8. A method for controlling apple diseases, characterized by applying a formulation containing the fungicide composition for controlling apple diseases described in claim 1, either as is or diluted, to the affected areas of apples, crops where the apple diseases are expected to occur, the surrounding soil where the crops grow, or the cultivation carrier, with intervals between applications.

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