Current collector and battery

Abstract

Suppresses heat generation when power is applied. [Solution] The current collector 100A comprises a laminate 110 and a conductive member 120. The laminate 110 includes a support layer 111, a first conductive layer 112, and a second conductive layer 113. The support layer 111 is made of an electrically insulating resin composition. The conductive member 120 is arranged on the edge 110E of the laminate 110. The conductive member 120 is bonded to both the first conductive layer 112 and the second conductive layer 113.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a current collector and a battery.

Background Art

[0002] JP-T 2024-510696 discloses a conventional electrode plate. The electrode plate includes a current collector, an active material layer, and an electrical connection member. The current collector includes a support layer and a conductive layer. The support layer is made of an insulating material. The conductive layer is provided on one surface of the support layer. The electrical connection member and the current collector are welded and connected at the edge of the current collector.

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0003]

Patent Document 1

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0004] The current collector may have two or more conductive layers. And further, when providing a conductive path from one conductive layer to another conductive layer, first, an electrical connection member (tab) is joined to each of these conductive layers, and second, these tabs are further joined. However, the conductive path from one conductive layer to another conductive layer as described above is relatively long. Therefore, the conductive path increases the electrical resistance of the current collector and easily heats the current collector during conduction.

[0005] The present disclosure has been made in view of the above problems, and an object thereof is to provide a current collector and a battery capable of suppressing heat generation during conduction.

Means for Solving the Problems

[0006] A current collector according to a certain aspect of this disclosure comprises a laminate and a conductive member. The laminate includes a support layer, a first conductive layer, and a second conductive layer. The support layer is made of an electrically insulating resin composition. The conductive member is positioned on the edge of the laminate. The conductive member is bonded to either the first conductive layer or the second conductive layer.

[0007] A battery according to a certain aspect of this disclosure comprises an electrode body and an external terminal. The electrode body includes a first electrode, a second electrode, and a separator. The first electrode includes a current collector and an active material layer. The current collector includes a laminate and a conductive member. The laminate includes a support layer, a first conductive layer, and a second conductive layer. The support layer is made of an electrically insulating resin composition. The conductive member is positioned on the edge of the laminate. The conductive member is bonded to either the first conductive layer or the second conductive layer. The active material layer is laminated to the first conductive layer. The separator is laminated to the active material layer. The second electrode is laminated to the active material layer via the separator. The external terminal is electrically connected to the first conductive layer. [Effects of the Invention]

[0008] According to this disclosure, heat generation during power supply can be suppressed. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0009] [Figure 1] This is a cross-sectional view showing a battery according to one embodiment. [Figure 2] This is a cross-sectional view of the electrode body in Figure 1, taken in the direction of the arrow line II-II. [Figure 3] This is an exploded view of the first electrode in one embodiment. [Figure 4] This is a partial cross-sectional view of the first electrode in Figure 3, viewed in the direction of the IV-IV line arrow. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0010] Hereinafter, the current collector and battery will be described with reference to the drawings in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure. The same or corresponding parts in the drawings are denoted by the same reference numerals, and their descriptions will not be repeated.

[0011] Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a battery according to one embodiment. The battery 1 shown in Figure 1 is a so-called prismatic battery. Battery 1 may be a rechargeable secondary battery such as a lithium-ion battery or a nickel-metal hydride battery. Battery 1 can be used, for example, as a cell included in an energy storage module mounted on an electric vehicle.

[0012] As shown in Figure 1, a battery 1 according to one embodiment of the present disclosure comprises an electrode body 10, a case 20, a first external terminal 30A, a second external terminal 30B, a first connecting member 40A, and a second connecting member 40B. First, the components of the battery 1 other than the electrode body 10 will be described.

[0013] Case 20 is conductive. The conductive portion of Case 20 is made of a metal such as aluminum. Case 20 houses the electrode body 10. Case 20 also houses an electrolyte solution, which is not shown in the diagram.

[0014] Case 20 includes a case body 21 and a lid 22. The case body 21 includes a bottom wall 21a and a peripheral wall 21b that rises from the bottom wall 21a.

[0015] The lid 22 is joined to the peripheral wall 21b by welding or other means so as to close the opening in the peripheral wall 21b. The lid 22 has a first connecting hole 22a and a second connecting hole 22b formed therein.

[0016] The first external terminal 30A and the second external terminal 30B are provided so as to be exposed to the outside in the battery 1. The first connecting member 40A and the second connecting member 40B are conductive. At least a portion of the first connecting member 40A and the second connecting member 40B are located inside the case 20.

[0017] The first external terminal 30A or the first connecting member 40A is inserted into the first connecting hole 22a. The first external terminal 30A is electrically connected to the first connecting member 40A. Specifically, the first external terminal 30A and the first connecting member 40A are joined to each other. The first connecting member 40A is joined to the electrode body 10. Thereby, the first external terminal 30A is electrically connected to the electrode body 10.

[0018] The second external terminal 30B or the second connecting member 40B is inserted into the second connecting hole 22b. The second external terminal 30B is electrically connected to the second connecting member 40B. Specifically, the second external terminal 30B and the second connecting member 40B are joined to each other. The second connecting member 40B is joined to the electrode body 10. Thereby, the second external terminal 30B is electrically connected to the electrode body 10.

[0019] In addition, in the present embodiment, the first external terminal 30A is a positive electrode terminal, and the second external terminal 30B is a negative electrode terminal. The first external terminal 30A and the second external terminal 30B are arranged side by side in the second direction D2. The second direction D2 is a direction orthogonal to the first direction D1.

[0020] Next, the electrode body 10 will be described. The battery 1 according to the present embodiment includes a plurality of electrode bodies 10. The battery 1 typically includes two electrode bodies 10. These electrode bodies 10 are arranged side by side in the third direction D3. The third direction D3 is a direction orthogonal to both the first direction D1 and the second direction D2.

[0021] In the following, one electrode body 10 among the plurality of electrode bodies 10 will be described. Note that each of the plurality of electrode bodies 10 may have the configuration shown below.

[0022] FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the electrode body in FIG. 1 as viewed in the direction of the arrow along line II-II. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the electrode body 10 includes a first electrode 11A, a second electrode 11B, and a separator 12. The electrode body 10 is wound such that the first electrode 11A, the second electrode 11B, and the separator 12 surround the winding axis Z. Thus, in this embodiment, the electrode body 10 is a so-called wound electrode body. However, the electrode body 10 may be a laminated electrode body in which the first electrode 11A, the second electrode 11B, and the separator 12 are laminated in one direction (for example, the third direction D3). In FIG. 2, the separator 12 is schematically shown by a broken line.

[0023] The first electrode 11A and the second electrode 11B have a sheet-like outer shape. The electrode body 10 is composed of a group of electrode plates in which the first electrode 11A and the second electrode 11B are wound through one or more separators 12. In this embodiment, the first electrode 11A is the positive electrode and the second electrode 11B is the negative electrode. However, the first electrode 11A may be the negative electrode and the second electrode 11B may be the positive electrode.

[0024] The separator 12 is provided between the first electrode 11A and the second electrode 11B. The separator 12 separates the first electrode 11A and the second electrode 11B while allowing ions to move between the first electrode 11A and the second electrode 11B. The above ions are, for example, lithium ions. The separator 12 has electrical insulation.

[0025] FIG. 3 is a developed view of the first electrode in one embodiment. That is, in FIG. 3, the state before the first electrode 11A is wound is shown. FIG. 4 is a partial cross-sectional view of the first electrode in FIG. 3 as viewed in the direction of the arrow along line IV-IV.

[0026] As shown in FIGS. 2 to 4, the first electrode 11A includes a first current collector 100A, a pair of first active material layers 200A, a first protection part 400, and a second protection part 500.

[0027] As shown in Figure 4, the first current collector 100A includes a laminate 110, a conductive member 120, a plurality of first tabs 160, and a plurality of second tabs 170. The laminate 110 includes a support layer 111, a first conductive layer 112, and a second conductive layer 113.

[0028] The support layer 111 is made of an electrically insulating resin composition. Therefore, the first current collector 100A is a composite current collector made of a conductive material and an electrically insulating material. As a result, the first current collector 100A is lighter and the overall safety of the battery 1 is improved compared to when the first current collector 100A is made entirely of metal.

[0029] The support layer 111 is made of a material with higher rigidity than the separator 12. The support layer 111 is made of a resin composition containing, for example, a polyamide resin, a polyester resin, or a polyolefin resin. To increase rigidity, it is preferable that the support layer 111 is made of a resin composition containing a polyester resin. It is even more preferable that the support layer 111 is substantially made of a polyester resin. The polyester resin may be, for example, polyethylene terephthalate (PET). This makes it possible to increase the rigidity of the first current collector 100A while maintaining the electrical insulation properties of the support layer 111. Consequently, the support layer 111 can be made relatively thin.

[0030] The thickness direction DT of the support layer 111 is approximately perpendicular to the first direction D1. That is, the support layer 111 extends in the first direction D1.

[0031] The thickness of the support layer 111 is preferably 20 μm or less, more preferably 15 μm or less, and even more preferably 10 μm or less, in order to reduce the overall thickness of the electrode body 10. The overall thickness of the support layer 111 is not particularly limited as long as it has the desired rigidity. The thickness of the support layer 111 may be, for example, 2 μm or more.

[0032] The first conductive layer 112 is located on one side of the support layer 111 in the thickness direction DT. The first conductive layer 112 is laminated on the support layer 111. The first conductive layer 112 may be laminated over the entire surface of one side of the support layer 111.

[0033] The second conductive layer 113 is located on the other side in the thickness direction DT. The second conductive layer 113 is laminated on the support layer 111. The second conductive layer 113 may be laminated over the entire other side of the support layer 111.

[0034] The first conductive layer 112 and the second conductive layer 113 are made of metal. This metal may include aluminum, copper, or nickel. In this embodiment, the first conductive layer 112 and the second conductive layer 113 are made of a metal containing aluminum. As a result, the first current collector 100A, which has the first conductive layer 112 and the second conductive layer 113, can be suitably used as a positive electrode current collector. The first conductive layer 112 may be made substantially of aluminum only. The first current collector 100A may also be a negative electrode current collector.

[0035] The thickness of the first conductive layer 112 and the second conductive layer 113 is thinner than the thickness of the support layer 111. The thickness of the first conductive layer 112 and the second conductive layer 113 is, for example, 5 μm or less, more preferably 2 μm or less, and even more preferably 1 μm or less, in order to reduce the overall thickness of the electrode body 10. The thickness of the first conductive layer 112 and the second conductive layer 113 may be, for example, 0.1 μm or more, in order to prevent their electrical resistance from becoming too high. Note that if the thickness of the first conductive layer 112 and the second conductive layer 113 is 5 μm or less, it is difficult to directly weld the first conductive layer 112 and the second conductive layer 113 to each other or to directly join them to each other by ultrasonic welding.

[0036] The method for forming the first conductive layer 112 and the second conductive layer 113 is not particularly limited. Typically, the first conductive layer 112 and the second conductive layer 113 may be directly provided on the support layer 111 by sputtering or vapor deposition. The first conductive layer 112 and the second conductive layer 113 may be composed of metal films. In this case, the first conductive layer 112 and the second conductive layer 113 may be bonded to the support layer 111 via a resin adhesive.

[0037] The conductive member 120 is positioned on the edge 110E of the laminate 110. The edge 110E is oriented in one of the directions perpendicular to the thickness direction DT. Specifically, the edge 110E is oriented in one of the first directions D1, and more specifically, the edge 110E is oriented in the extension direction DE, which will be described later.

[0038] The conductive member 120 is bonded to both the first conductive layer 112 and the second conductive layer 113. Furthermore, the conductive member 120 is also bonded to the support layer 111.

[0039] The conductive member 120 is bonded to both the edge 112E of the first conductive layer 112 and the edge 113E of the second conductive layer 113. These edges 112E and 113E are oriented in one direction perpendicular to the thickness direction DT. Specifically, the edges 112E and 113E are oriented in one direction of the first direction D1, and more specifically, the edges 112E and 113E are oriented in the extension direction DE, which will be described later. Furthermore, the conductive member 120 is also bonded to the edge 111E of the support layer 111. The conductive member 120 may be provided along each of the edges 111E, 112E, and 113E in the winding direction DR. In this embodiment, the edge 110E of the laminate 110 includes these edges 111E, 112E, and 113E.

[0040] The conductive member 120 is not particularly limited in material, as long as it is electrically conductive. The conductive member 120 may be a conductive resin member, a metal member, or carbon, and is typically a conductive resin member.

[0041] Typically, conductive resin components are formed by curing a conductive resin paste. The conductive resin paste contains a conductive component, which may include a metal or carbon, and an electrically insulating resin component. The metal as the conductive component may include, for example, Ag, Cu, or Ni. The carbon as the conductive component may include, for example, carbon black, graphite, carbon fibers, carbon nanotubes, or graphene flakes.

[0042] The resin component (binder) is not particularly limited, but examples include urethane resin, polyester resin, phenoxy resin, polyamide resin, polyamide-imide resin, polyimide resin, polyurethane resin, acrylic resin, polystyrene, styrene-acrylic resin, styrene-butadiene copolymer, epoxy resin, phenolic resin, polyether resin, polycarbonate resin, alkyd resin, polysulfone resin, polyethersulfone resin, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer resin, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, silicone resin, or fluororesin.

[0043] If the conductive member 120 is a conductive resin member, the conductive resin member may be formed by dip coating the edge 110E of the laminate 110 with a conductive paste and further curing the conductive paste.

[0044] If the conductive member 120 is a metal member, the metal member may include Al, Ag, Cu, or Ni. The metal member may be provided on the edge 111E of the support layer 111, for example, by a vapor deposition method. If the conductive member 120 is carbon, carbon may be provided on the edge 111E by a conventionally known coating method.

[0045] The material constituting the conductive member 120 may have a lower Young's modulus than the material constituting the support layer 111. This prevents the conductive member 120 from reducing the processability of the first current collector 100A. The processability of the first current collector 100A refers to, for example, the ease of winding.

[0046] As shown in Figure 3, the multiple first tabs 160 are aligned in the winding direction DR of the electrode body 10. The multiple second tabs 170 are aligned in the winding direction DR of the electrode body 10. The multiple first tabs 160 are spaced apart from each other. The multiple second tabs 170 are spaced apart from each other. The multiple second tabs 170 are aligned with the multiple first tabs 160 in a one-to-one correspondence in the thickness direction DT.

[0047] As shown in Figure 2, the multiple first tabs 160 are arranged in the third direction D3. The multiple first tabs 160 are joined to each other by ultrasonic bonding or the like. Furthermore, as shown in Figure 1, the multiple first tabs 160 are joined to the first connecting member 40A by ultrasonic bonding or the like. As a result, the first external terminal 30A is electrically connected to the first tabs 160. Consequently, the first external terminal 30A is electrically connected to the first conductive layer 112 and the second conductive layer 113. The configurations of each of the multiple first tabs 160 and each of the multiple second tabs 170 will be described below.

[0048] The first tab 160 is joined to the surface of the first conductive layer 112 opposite to the support layer 111 by ultrasonic welding. The first tab 160 is partially joined to the first conductive layer 112. The first tab 160 extends on the first conductive layer 112 substantially along the first direction D1. The first tab 160 extends away from the first conductive layer 112. The extension direction DE of the first tab 160 is substantially parallel to the first direction D1. The first tab 160 may also be directly joined to the first external terminal 30A. Furthermore, the first tab 160 is in contact with the conductive member 120 in the thickness direction DT.

[0049] The second tab 170 is joined to the surface of the second conductive layer 113 opposite to the support layer 111 by ultrasonic welding. The second tab 170 is partially joined to the second conductive layer 113. The second tab 170 extends approximately along the first direction D1 on the second conductive layer 113. The second tab 170 extends along the extension direction DE away from the second conductive layer 113. The end of the second tab 170 in the extension direction DE is joined to the first tab 160 by ultrasonic welding. The extension length of the second tab 170 is shorter than the extension length of the first tab 160. The second tab 170 is in contact with the conductive member 120 in the thickness direction DT.

[0050] The first tab 160 and the second tab 170 are made of a film-like material. Typically, the first tab 160 and the second tab 170 are made of a metal film containing aluminum or copper, etc.

[0051] The thickness of the first tab 160 and the second tab 170 is greater than the thickness of the first conductive layer 112 and the second conductive layer 113, respectively. The thickness of the first tab 160 and the second tab 170 is preferably 20 μm or less, more preferably 15 μm or less, and even more preferably 10 μm or less. The thickness of each of these is not particularly limited as long as it has the desired rigidity. The thickness of each of these may be, for example, 2 μm or more.

[0052] One first active material layer 200A is partially laminated on the first conductive layer 112. The other second active material layer 200B is partially laminated on the second conductive layer 113. These first active material layers 200A are positive electrode active material layers, but may also be negative electrode active material layers. These first active material layers 200A are separated from the first tab 160 and the second tab 170. The separator 12 is laminated on the first active material layers 200A in the radial direction centered on the winding axis Z.

[0053] The first protective portion 400 is made of an electrically insulating ceramic. The first protective portion 400 covers a portion of the first active material layer 200A laminated on the first conductive layer 112 on the extension direction DE side. The first protective portion 400 covers the entire surface of the first conductive layer 112 between the first active material layer 200A and the first tab 160. The first protective portion 400 is also partially positioned between the first conductive layer 112 and the first tab 160 in the thickness direction DT.

[0054] The second protective portion 500 is made of an electrically insulating ceramic. The second protective portion 500 covers a portion of the first active material layer 200A laminated on the second conductive layer 113 on the extension direction DE side. The second protective portion 500 covers the entire surface of the second conductive layer 113 between the first active material layer 200A and the second tab 170. In addition, the second protective portion 500 is also partially positioned between the second conductive layer 113 and the second tab 170 in the thickness direction DT.

[0055] As shown in Figure 2, the second electrode 11B is laminated on the first active material layer 200A via a separator 12 in the radial direction. In this embodiment, the electrode body 10 includes multiple separators 12, but it may also include a single separator 12.

[0056] The second electrode 11B includes a second current collector 100B and a second active material layer 200B. The second current collector 100B is drawn out from between the second active material layers 200B to one side in the first direction D1. The second current collector 100B is joined to the second connecting member 40B by ultrasonic welding (see Figure 1).

[0057] The second current collector 100B is made of, for example, a metal film. The second current collector 100B is made of, for example, a metal containing copper. This allows the second current collector 100B to be suitably used as a negative electrode current collector. In the case where the first current collector 100A is a negative electrode current collector and the second current collector 100B is a positive electrode current collector, the second current collector 100B may be made of a metal containing aluminum. Furthermore, the second current collector 100B may have the same configuration as the first current collector 100A.

[0058] The second active material layer 200B is laminated on both sides of the second current collector 100B. In this embodiment, the second electrode 11B is the negative electrode. Therefore, the second active material layer 200B is the negative electrode active material layer. The second active material layer 200B may also be the positive electrode active material layer.

[0059] As described above, a first current collector 100A according to one embodiment of the present disclosure comprises a laminate 110 and a conductive member 120. The laminate 110 includes a support layer 111, a first conductive layer 112, and a second conductive layer 113. The support layer 111 is made of an electrically insulating resin composition. The conductive member 120 is disposed on the edge 110E of the laminate 110. The conductive member 120 is bonded to either the first conductive layer 112 or the second conductive layer 113.

[0060] With the above configuration, the first conductive layer 112 and the second conductive layer 113 can conduct electricity to each other via the conductive member 120 placed on the edge 110E of the laminate 110, without the need for tabs laminated on the respective surfaces of the first conductive layer 112 and the second conductive layer 113. Therefore, the conductive path between the first conductive layer 112 and the second conductive layer 113 becomes relatively short. As a result, the electrical resistance value in the conductive path becomes relatively small, and heat generation in the first current collector 100A when energized can be suppressed.

[0061] In this embodiment, the first conductive layer 112 is located on one side of the support layer 111 in the thickness direction DT. The second conductive layer 113 is located on the other side in the thickness direction DT. The conductive member 120 is bonded to both the edge 112E of the first conductive layer 112 and the edge 113E of the second conductive layer 113.

[0062] According to the above configuration, the conductive path between the first conductive layer 112 and the second conductive layer 113 becomes even shorter. As a result, the electrical resistance value in the conductive path becomes smaller, and the heat generation of the first current collector 100A when energized can be further suppressed.

[0063] Furthermore, the first current collector 100A according to this embodiment further comprises a first tab 160 and a second tab 170. The first tab 160 is joined to the surface of the first conductive layer 112 by ultrasonic welding. The first tab 160 is in contact with the conductive member 120. The second tab 170 is joined to the surface of the second conductive layer 113 by ultrasonic welding. The second tab 170 is joined to the first tab 160 by ultrasonic welding. The second tab 170 is in contact with the conductive member 120.

[0064] According to the above configuration, in the conductive path between the first conductive layer 112 and the second conductive layer 113, the area of ​​the cross-section of the entire conductor perpendicular to the conductive path becomes larger. As a result, the electrical resistance value in the conductive path between the first conductive layer 112 and the second conductive layer 113 becomes even smaller. Consequently, the heat generated when the first current collector 100A is energized can be suppressed even further.

[0065] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the conductive member 120 is a conductive resin member. The conductive resin member is formed by curing a conductive resin paste. The conductive resin paste contains a conductive component containing metal or carbon and a resin component having electrical insulating properties.

[0066] With the above configuration, the heat generated during ultrasonic welding of the first tab 160 and the second tab 170 can soften the conductive resin member. This suppresses interference with the ultrasonic welding of the first tab 160 and the second tab 170. Consequently, delamination of the first tab 160 and the second tab 170 can be suppressed. In addition, the conductive resin member can be more firmly connected to the first tab 160 and the second tab 170.

[0067] In the above-described embodiment, the combinatable configurations may be combined with each other.

[0068] The embodiments disclosed herein should be considered in all respects to be illustrative and not restrictive. The scope of this disclosure is indicated by the claims rather than the foregoing description, and all modifications within the meaning and scope equivalent to the claims are intended. [Explanation of symbols]

[0069] 1 Battery, 10 Electrode body, 11A First electrode, 11B Second electrode, 12 Separator, 20 Case, 21 Case body, 21a Bottom wall, 21b Peripheral wall, 22 Lid, 22a First connecting hole, 22b Second connecting hole, 30A First external terminal, 30B Second external terminal, 40A First connecting member, 40B Second connecting member, 100A First current collector, 100B Second current collector, 110 Laminate, 110E Edge, 111 Support layer, 111E Edge, 112 First conductive layer, 112E Edge, 113 Second conductive layer, 113E Edge, 120 Conductive member, 160 First tab, 170 Second tab, 200A First active material layer, 200B Second active material layer, 400 First protective part, 500 Second protective section, D1 first direction, D2 second direction, D3 third direction, DE extension direction, DR winding direction, DT thickness direction, Z winding axis.

Claims

1. There is a current collector, Laminate and Equipped with a conductive member, The laminate includes a support layer, a first conductive layer, and a second conductive layer. The support layer is made of an electrically insulating resin composition. The conductive member is arranged on the edge of the laminate, The conductive member is a current collector bonded to both the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer.

2. The first conductive layer is arranged on one side in the thickness direction of the support layer, The second conductive layer is arranged on the other side in the thickness direction, The current collector according to claim 1, wherein the conductive member is joined to both the edge of the first conductive layer and the edge of the second conductive layer.

3. The first tab, It also has a second tab, The first tab is joined to the surface of the first conductive layer by ultrasonic welding. The first tab is in contact with the conductive member, The second tab is joined to the surface of the second conductive layer by ultrasonic welding. The second tab is joined to the first tab by ultrasonic welding. The current collector according to claim 2, wherein the second tab is in contact with the conductive member.

4. The current collector according to claim 3, wherein the conductive member is a conductive resin member, which is formed by curing a conductive resin paste, and the conductive resin paste comprises a conductive component containing metal or carbon and an electrically insulating resin component.

5. It is a battery, Electrode body and Equipped with external terminals, The electrode body includes a first electrode, a second electrode, and a separator. The first electrode comprises a current collector and an active material layer. The current collector includes a laminate and a conductive member. The laminate includes a support layer, a first conductive layer, and a second conductive layer. The support layer is made of an electrically insulating resin composition. The conductive member is arranged on the edge of the laminate, The conductive member is bonded to both the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer. The active material layer is laminated on the first conductive layer, The separator is laminated on the active material layer, The second electrode is laminated on the active material layer via the separator, The external terminal is electrically connected to the first conductive layer, and is a battery.

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