Cutting tool replacement device, and tunnel boring machine

Abstract

In addition to easily changing cutting tools, this also makes it possible to easily change seals. [Solution] The cutting tool 30 replacement device 2 comprises a holding member 40 to which the cutting tool 30 is interchangeably attached, a first seal 41 provided on the first outer surface F1 of the holding member 40, and a second seal 42 provided on the second outer surface F2 of the holding member 40. The holding member 40 is movable in the front-rear direction of the excavator body and is rotatable around a pivot axis B1 that intersects in the front-rear direction. The replacement device 2 is capable of transitioning between a first state in which the cutting tool 30 partially protrudes from the front plate 21 through a first opening 21a of the front plate 21, the space between the front plate 21 and the first outer surface F1 is sealed by the first seal 41, and the cutting tool 30 can excavate, and a second state in which the cutting tool 30 is retracted behind the front plate 21, the space between the front plate 21 and the second outer surface F2 is sealed by the second seal 42, and the cutting tool 30 can be replaced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to an exchange device for cutting tools and a tunnel boring machine.

Background Art

[0002] Generally, a tunnel boring machine excavates a tunnel by rotating a cutter head and forming a face in the front ground. The cutter head is attached to the front end of a cylindrical boring machine body, and the tunnel is excavated by advancing the boring machine body forward while rotating the cutter head.

[0003] Here, the cutting tools provided on the cutter head wear out as the ground is excavated. Therefore, in tunnel excavation, for example, when the excavation distance is long, it is necessary to replace the cutting tools. Therefore, an exchange device for replacing the cutting tools may be provided in the tunnel boring machine. For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a technique related to an exchange device for cutting tools.

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0004]

Patent Document 1

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0005] The cutting tool exchange device can transition between a state in which the cutting tool is capable of drilling and a state in which the cutting tool is capable of being replaced. In the state in which the cutting tool is capable of drilling, the cutting tool partially protrudes from the front of the cutter head. On the other hand, in the state in which the cutting tool is capable of being replaced, the cutting tool is retracted behind the front plate of the cutter head. Thus, in order to move the cutting tool when replacing it, there is a movable part near the front of the cutter head. Therefore, when the cutting tool is in the state in which it is capable of being replaced, it becomes necessary to provide a seal on the movable part to prevent excavated soil in front of the cutter head from entering the area in which the cutting tool replacement work is performed from the vicinity of the movable part. Furthermore, since such seals may be damaged by relative movement with the movable part or by foreign objects getting caught in the part that is being sealed, it is necessary to replace the seal in addition to replacing the cutting tool.

[0006] Therefore, in view of these problems, the present invention aims to provide a cutting tool replacement device and a tunnel boring machine that allow for easy replacement of seals in addition to the replacement of cutting tools. [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] To solve the above problems, the present invention provides a cutting tool replacement device for a tunnel boring machine, wherein the tunnel boring machine comprises a cylindrical boring machine body, a cutter head rotatably mounted at the front end of the boring machine body, and a fixed cutting tool mounted on the cutter head, the cutter head having a front plate forming the front surface of the cutter head and a first opening formed in the front plate, the cutting tool replacement device comprising a holding member to which the cutting tool is interchangeably attached and which holds the cutting tool, an annular first seal provided on the first outer surface of the holding member on the cutting tool side and arranged to surround the cutting tool, and an annular second seal provided on the second outer surface of the holding member that intersects with the first outer surface, the holding member is a boring machine The main body is movable in the front-rear direction and rotatable around a pivot axis that intersects the front-rear direction. The cutting tool exchange device is transitionable between a first state in which drilling is possible with the cutting tool and a second state in which the cutting tool can be exchanged. In the first state, the first outer surface of the holding member faces the front plate, the cutting tool partially protrudes from the front plate through a first opening in the front plate, and the first seal contacts the edge of the front plate around the first opening, thereby sealing the space between the edge of the front plate and the first outer surface. In the second state, the second outer surface of the holding member faces the front plate, the cutting tool is retracted behind the front plate, and the second seal contacts the edge of the front plate around the first opening, thereby sealing the space between the edge of the front plate and the second outer surface.

[0008] The transition from the first state to the second state may be performed by the holding member moving backward, then rotating in the first rotational direction, and then moving forward. The transition from the second state to the first state may be performed by the holding member moving backward, then rotating in the second rotational direction opposite to the first rotational direction, and then moving forward.

[0009] The device is positioned behind the front plate and includes a housing that accommodates the retaining member. The housing may be provided with a second opening that connects the inside and outside of the housing, and a lid member that opens and closes the second opening.

[0010] The first seal and the second seal may be provided in a replaceable manner.

[0011] At least one of the first seal and the second seal may include an annular inner seal and an annular outer seal surrounding the outer periphery of the inner seal.

[0012] An injection mechanism may be provided for injecting liquid into the space between the inner seal and the outer seal.

[0013] The device may include an adjustment mechanism for adjusting the mounting angle of the cutting tool relative to the holding member.

[0014] A support member may be provided to support the retaining member from the rear.

[0015] To solve the above problems, the tunnel boring machine of the present invention is equipped with the above-mentioned replacement device. [Effects of the Invention]

[0016] According to the present invention, in addition to replacing the cutting tool, the seal can also be easily replaced. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0017] [Figure 1] This is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the overall configuration of a tunnel boring machine according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 2] This is a schematic diagram showing the general configuration of a replacement device according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 3] This is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the A1-A1 section in Figure 2. [Figure 4] Figure 3 is a schematic cross-sectional diagram showing the A2-A2 section. [Figure 5] This is a schematic diagram showing the transition from the first state to the second state of the exchange device according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 6] This is a schematic diagram showing the transition from the first state to the second state of the exchange device according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 7]It is a schematic diagram showing the second state of the switching device according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 8] It is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of a switching device according to a first modification of the present invention. [Figure 9] It is a schematic diagram showing the second state of the switching device according to a first modification of the present invention. [Figure 10] It is a schematic diagram showing another example of a situation where liquid is injected by an injection mechanism of a switching device according to a first modification of the present invention. [Figure 11] It is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of a switching device according to a second modification of the present invention. [Figure 12] It is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of a switching device according to a third modification of the present invention.

Embodiments for Carrying Out the Invention

[0018] Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Dimensions, materials, and other specific numerical values shown in such embodiments are merely examples for facilitating understanding of the invention, and do not limit the present invention unless otherwise specified. In the present specification and drawings, elements having substantially the same functions and configurations are denoted by the same reference numerals to omit redundant explanations, and elements not directly related to the present invention are not shown.

[0019] FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram showing the overall configuration of a tunnel boring machine 1 according to the present embodiment. Note that the arrow F in FIG. 1 indicates the forward direction (i.e., the traveling direction) of the tunnel boring machine 1, and the arrow B indicates the backward direction of the tunnel boring machine 1. That is, the arrow F in FIG. 1 faces the face side, and the arrow B faces the shaft side.

[0020] The tunnel boring machine 1 is, for example, an earth pressure type (including a mud pressure type) shield boring machine capable of excavating the ground. However, the tunnel boring machine according to the present invention may be a tunnel boring machine other than an earth pressure type (including a mud pressure type) shield boring machine. As shown in Figure 1, the tunnel boring machine 1 comprises a boring machine body 10. The boring machine body 10 is cylindrical (for example, cylindrical or rectangular cylindrical). The axial direction of the boring machine body 10 coincides with the front-rear direction of the tunnel boring machine 1. Hereinafter, the axial direction of the boring machine body 10 will be simply referred to as the axial direction, the radial direction of the boring machine body 10 will be simply referred to as the radial direction, and the circumferential direction of the boring machine body 10 will be simply referred to as the circumferential direction.

[0021] A cutter head 20 is rotatably mounted at the front end of the excavator body 10. The cutter head 20 is pivotally supported so as to rotate around the central axis CA of the excavator body 10. The cutter head 20 has a substantially disc shape and is positioned coaxially with the excavator body 10. The diameter of the cutter head 20 is, for example, about the same as the diameter of the excavator body 10. A partition wall 11 is positioned axially rearward of the cutter head 20 on the excavator body 10. The partition wall 11 is a plate-shaped (for example, disc-shaped) wall positioned perpendicular to the axial direction (tunnel extension direction). The partition wall 11 is positioned at a distance from the cutter head 20 in the axial direction (tunnel extension direction). Various equipment of the tunnel excavator 1 is positioned behind the partition wall 11, and the partition wall 11 isolates this equipment from the excavated soil generated at the tunnel face.

[0022] A cutter rotation motor is provided inside the excavator body 10. By driving this cutter rotation motor, the cutter head 20 can be rotated. When the shield jack provided inside the excavator body 10 is activated and thrust is applied to the excavator body 10, the cutter head 20 is rotated, and the rotating cutter head 20 is pressed against the ground, enabling excavation of the ground.

[0023] The cutter head 20 has multiple cutter spokes arranged radially around its central axis CA. Multiple openings are formed between these cutter spokes. When the cutter head 20 excavates the ground, the excavated soil is taken in through these openings into the chamber 12, which is the space between the cutter head 20 and the partition wall 11. The excavated soil taken into the chamber 12 is transported toward the rear of the excavator body 10 by, for example, a screw conveyor and discharged.

[0024] The tunnel boring machine 1 is equipped with a fixed cutting tool, a cutter bit 30, for excavating the ground. The cutter bit 30 is an example of a cutting tool according to the present invention. However, the cutting tool according to the present invention may be any fixed cutting tool, and may be a type of cutting tool other than the cutter bit 30. For example, multiple cutter bits 30 are provided at radial intervals in each cutter spoke of the cutter head 20. Although not shown in the figures, the cutter head 20 may also be equipped with other types of bits (e.g., fishtail cutters). When the cutter head 20 rotates, the cutter bits 30 rotate integrally with the cutter head 20. In tunnel excavation by the tunnel boring machine 1, the ground is excavated by the rotation of the cutter head 20 while the cutter bits 30 are pressed against the ground.

[0025] Here, the cutter bit 30 wears down as the ground is excavated. Therefore, in tunnel excavation, it becomes necessary to replace the cutter bit 30, for example, when the excavation distance is long. For this reason, the tunnel boring machine 1 is equipped with a replacement device (see replacement device 2 in Figure 2, etc., described later) that allows the cutter bit 30 to be replaced. Note that in Figure 1, the detailed illustration of the mounting location of the cutter bit 30 in the tunnel boring machine 1 is omitted. This point will be explained in detail below.

[0026] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram showing the general configuration of the cutter bit 30 replacement device 2. Specifically, Figure 2 shows the view of the area around the cutter bit 30 in the radial direction of the excavator body 10. In Figure 2, the circumferential direction of the excavator body 10 is indicated by arrow D1.

[0027] The exchange device 2 can transition between a first state in which excavation is possible using the cutter bit 30 and a second state in which the cutter bit 30 can be replaced. When the exchange device 2 is in the second state, the cutter bit 30 can be replaced. Details of the second state will be described later. Figure 2 shows the first state of the exchange device 2. In other words, excavation of the ground using the cutter bit 30 is performed in the state shown in Figure 2.

[0028] As shown in Figure 2, the cutter head 20 includes a front plate 21, a rear plate 22, and a housing 23.

[0029] The front plate 21 is a plate-shaped member that forms the front surface of the cutter head 20. The front plate 21 is approximately perpendicular to the front-rear direction of the excavator body 10. Excavation is performed in the front space S1 in front of the front plate 21. A first opening 21a is formed in the front plate 21. The first opening 21a penetrates the front plate 21 in the front-rear direction. The rear plate 22 is a plate-shaped member that forms the rear surface of the cutter head 20. The rear plate 22 is approximately perpendicular to the front-rear direction of the excavator body 10. The rear space S2 behind the rear plate 22 corresponds to the chamber 12 described above. The internal space of the cutter head 20 is formed between the front plate 21 and the rear plate 22. The housing 23 and the retaining member 40, which will be described later, are arranged in the internal space of the cutter head 20.

[0030] The housing 23 accommodates the retaining member 40, which will be described later. The housing 23 is positioned behind the front plate 21 and in front of the rear plate 22. In other words, the housing 23 is positioned within the internal space of the cutter head 20. The housing 23 covers the rear surface of the front plate 21 (specifically, the rear surface of the portion of the front plate 21 that includes the first opening 21a) and forms the housing space S3 for the retaining member 40. The housing 23 has a hollow, substantially rectangular parallelepiped shape, including, for example, a rearward-facing surface, a radially inward-facing surface of the excavator body 10, a radially outward-facing surface of the excavator body 10, a circumferential-facing surface of the excavator body 10, and a circumferential-facing surface of the excavator body 10. The rearward-facing surface of the housing 23 may be formed by the rear plate 22.

[0031] The housing 23 is provided with a second opening 23a that connects the inside and outside of the housing 23, and a cover member 23b that opens and closes the second opening 23a. The second opening 23a is provided, for example, on the surface of the housing 23 facing one side in the circumferential direction of the excavator body 10. The shape of the second opening 23a is, for example, rectangular. However, the shape of the second opening 23a may be other than rectangular. The cover member 23b is larger than the second opening 23a and can cover the entire area of ​​the second opening 23a. Figure 2 shows the state in which the second opening 23a is closed by the cover member 23b. The shape of the cover member 23b is, for example, the same shape as the second opening 23a.

[0032] In the above description, an example of the installation position of the second opening 23a and the lid member 23b in the housing 23 is explained with reference to Figure 2. However, the installation position of the second opening 23a and the lid member 23b in the housing 23 may differ from the example in Figure 2. Also, there may be multiple second openings 23a and lid members 23b installed in the housing 23.

[0033] As shown in Figure 2, the replacement device 2 includes a holding member 40. A cutter bit 30 is interchangeably attached to the holding member 40, and the holding member 40 holds the attached cutter bit 30. Specifically, the cutter bit 30 is attached to the holder 50, and then attached to the holding member 40 via the holder 50. For example, in the first state, the holder 50 has a substantially rectangular parallelepiped shape extending in the front-rear direction. The cutter bit 30 is attached to the tip of the holder 50 (specifically, the front end in the first state), and most of the holder 50 other than the tip is housed within the holding member 40. The cutter bit 30 and the holder 50 may be integrally formed.

[0034] The retaining member 40 includes a first seal 41 and a second seal 42. Each of the first seal 41 and the second seal 42 is formed of, for example, a resin material and has an annular shape. The retaining member 40 has, for example, a rectangular parallelepiped shape. Therefore, the retaining member 40 has six outer surfaces.

[0035] The first outer surface F1 of the holding member 40 faces forward in the first state and is perpendicular to the front-rear direction of the excavator body 10. The first outer surface F1 has a rectangular shape, for example. In the first state, the outer edge of the first outer surface F1 is formed by a pair of sides extending radially to the excavator body 10 and a pair of sides extending circumferentially to the excavator body 10. The first seal 41 is provided on the first outer surface F1. The first seal 41 is formed in an annular shape and is positioned concentrically with the center of the first outer surface F1, for example. The holder 50 of the cutter bit 30 extends from inside the holding member 40 toward the first outer surface F1. The tip of the holder 50 is exposed outside the first outer surface F1. Therefore, the cutter bit 30 is exposed outside the first outer surface F1. The first seal 41 is positioned to surround the cutter bit 30.

[0036] In the first state, the second outer surface F2 of the retaining member 40 is continuous with one of the edges that form the outer edge of the first outer surface F1 and extends radially from the excavator body 10, and is, for example, perpendicular to the first outer surface F1. In the first state, the second outer surface F2 faces the excavator body 10 in the circumferential direction and is perpendicular to the circumferential direction of the excavator body 10. The second outer surface F2 has, for example, a rectangular shape. The second seal 42 is provided on the second outer surface F2. The second seal 42 is formed in an annular shape and is, for example, positioned concentrically with the center of the second outer surface F2.

[0037] In addition to the first outer surface F1 and the second outer surface F2 described above, the outer surface of the retaining member 40 includes, for example, the outer surface opposite to the first outer surface F1, the outer surface opposite to the second outer surface F2, the outer surface facing the radially inward side of the excavator body 10, and the outer surface facing the radially outward side of the excavator body 10.

[0038] Furthermore, the above describes an example where the first outer surface F1 and the second outer surface F2 are orthogonal. However, the first outer surface F1 and the second outer surface F2 only need to intersect; they do not need to be orthogonal.

[0039] As described above, Figure 2 shows the first state in which drilling is possible with the cutter bit 30. As shown in Figure 2, in the first state, the first outer surface F1 of the holding member 40 faces the front plate 21 of the cutter head 20. The cutter bit 30 also partially protrudes from the front plate 21 through the first opening 21a of the front plate 21. The first seal 41 also contacts the edge of the front plate 21 around the first opening 21a. The space between the edge and the first outer surface F1 is then sealed by the first seal 41.

[0040] As described above, in the first state, the first seal 41 seals the space between the edge of the front plate 21 surrounding the first opening 21a and the first outer surface F1. This prevents excavated soil from entering the storage space S3 inside the housing 23. Therefore, workers can open the lid member 23b and inspect or replace components inside the storage space S3 through the second opening 23a, while ensuring safety. Specifically, in the first state, the second seal 42 can be inspected or replaced.

[0041] Here, the holding member 40 is movable in the front-rear direction of the excavator body 10 and is rotatable around the pivot axis B1 which intersects the front-rear direction. This makes it possible to transition the exchange device 2 between a first state in which the cutter bit 30 can excavate and a second state in which the cutter bit 30 can be replaced. The mechanism that enables the movement of the holding member 40 in the front-rear direction and rotation around the pivot axis B1 will be described below.

[0042] Figure 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the A1-A1 section of Figure 2. Specifically, Figure 3 shows a cross-section that passes through the pivot axis B1 of the holding member 40 and is perpendicular to the circumferential direction of the excavator body 10. In Figure 3, the radial direction of the excavator body 10 is indicated by arrow D2.

[0043] As described above, the cutter bit 30 is attached to the holder 50 and then attached to the retaining member 40 via the holder 50. Therefore, by removing the holder 50 from the retaining member 40, the cutter bit 30 can be removed from the retaining member 40. Then, by removing the cutter bit 30 from the retaining member 40 and setting a new cutter bit 30 into the retaining member 40, the cutter bit 30 can be replaced. When the cutter bit 30 is set in the retaining member 40, if the retaining member 40 moves, the cutter bit 30 moves integrally with the retaining member 40 as the retaining member 40 moves.

[0044] As shown in Figure 3, the holding member 40 is provided with a pair of support shafts 43. Each support shaft 43 protrudes radially from the outer surface of the holding member 40 facing the radial direction of the excavator body 10 (the left and right surfaces in Figure 3). Each support shaft 43 is arranged coaxially. The central axis of the support shafts 43 corresponds to the pivot axis B1 of the holding member 40. The holding member 40 is sandwiched between a pair of guide members 60 from both sides in the radial direction (left and right direction in Figure 3) of the excavator body 10. The guide members 60 are provided to guide the movement of the holding member 40 in the front-rear direction and the rotation around the pivot axis B1. The guide members 60 have a substantially flat plate shape perpendicular to the radial direction of the excavator body 10.

[0045] Figure 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the A2-A2 section of Figure 3. Specifically, Figure 4 shows a cross-section that passes through the guide member 60 and is perpendicular to the radial direction of the excavator body 10.

[0046] As shown in Figure 4, the guide member 60 includes a guide hole 61 and a movable bearing 62. The guide hole 61 is an elongated hole that penetrates the guide member 60 in the thickness direction and extends in the front-rear direction. The movable bearing 62 is movable in the front-rear direction within the guide hole 61 and rotatably supports the support shaft 43 of the holding member 40. Specifically, the movable bearing 62 has a cylindrical shape. A portion of the outer circumferential surface of the movable bearing 62 (specifically, the upper and lower portions in Figure 4) extends in the front-rear direction and is fitted into the inner circumferential surface of the guide hole 61. The inner circumferential surface of the movable bearing 62 has a cylindrical shape, and the support shaft 43 is fitted into the inner circumferential surface of the movable bearing 62.

[0047] As shown in Figure 3, the support shafts 43 of the retaining member 40 extend beyond the movable bearings 62 of the guide member 60. Therefore, the operator can move the retaining member 40 in the forward and backward directions by, for example, grasping each support shaft 43 with their hand and moving each support shaft 43 together with the movable bearing 62 in the forward and backward directions. The operator can also rotate the retaining member 40 around the pivot axis B1 by, for example, grasping each support shaft 43 with their hand and rotating each support shaft 43 relative to the movable bearing 62. The forward and backward position of the retaining member 40 can be fixed so as not to change by a mechanism not shown. The rotational orientation of the retaining member 40 can also be fixed so as not to change by a mechanism not shown. The movement and rotation of the retaining member 40 may be performed by methods other than manual operation (for example, by using a hydraulic or electric drive device).

[0048] In the above description, the pivot axis B1 extends radially to the excavator body 10 and is perpendicular to the longitudinal and circumferential directions of the excavator body 10. However, the pivot axis B1 only needs to intersect the longitudinal direction of the excavator body 10, and may, for example, be inclined with respect to the radial direction of the excavator body 10, or extend in the circumferential direction of the excavator body 10.

[0049] As described above, in order to replace the cutter bit 30, the replacement device 2 needs to be changed from the first state, in which drilling is possible with the cutter bit 30, to the second state, in which the cutter bit 30 can be replaced. The transition of the replacement device 2 from the first state to the second state will be explained below.

[0050] Figures 5 and 6 are schematic diagrams showing the transition of the exchange device 2 from the first state to the second state. Figure 7 is a schematic diagram showing the second state of the exchange device 2. In the process of the exchange device 2 transitioning from the first state to the second state, the state of the exchange device 2 progresses sequentially from the state in Figure 2, through the state in Figure 5 and the state in Figure 6, to the state in Figure 7.

[0051] In Figure 5, the cutter bit 30 and retaining member 40 in the state shown in Figure 2 are indicated by dashed lines. The state in Figure 5 is the state in which the retaining member 40 has been moved backward compared to the state in Figure 2. When the retaining member 40 is moved backward from the state in Figure 2, the first seal 41 separates from the edge of the front plate 21 around the first opening 21a. As a result, the seal between the edge of the front plate 21 around the first opening 21a and the first outer surface F1, which was sealed by the first seal 41, is released.

[0052] In Figure 6, the cutter bit 30 and retaining member 40 in the state shown in Figure 5 are indicated by dashed lines. The state in Figure 6 is the state in which the retaining member 40 has been rotated approximately 90° around the pivot axis B1 compared to the state in Figure 5. Specifically, the retaining member 40 rotates in a direction that brings the cutter bit 30 closer to the second opening 23a of the housing 23 (clockwise in the example of Figure 5). As a result, the cutter bit 30 is retracted behind the front plate 21. Also, the second outer surface F2 of the retaining member 40 faces the front plate 21 of the cutter head 20.

[0053] In Figure 7, the cutter bit 30 and retaining member 40 in the state shown in Figure 6 are indicated by dashed lines. The state in Figure 7 is the state in which the retaining member 40 has been moved forward compared to the state in Figure 6. When the retaining member 40 is moved forward from the state in Figure 6, the second seal 42 comes into contact with the edge of the front plate 21 around the first opening 21a. As a result, the space between the edge and the second outer surface F2 is sealed by the second seal 42.

[0054] As described above, in the second state of Figure 7, the second seal 42 seals the space between the edge of the front plate 21 surrounding the first opening 21a and the second outer surface F2. This prevents excavated soil from entering the storage space S3 inside the housing 23. Therefore, the worker can open the lid member 23b and inspect or replace components inside the storage space S3 through the second opening 23a, while ensuring safety. Specifically, in the second state, the cutter bit 30 can be inspected or replaced. Furthermore, in the second state, the first seal 41 can be inspected or replaced.

[0055] The above describes the transition of the exchange device 2 from the first state to the second state. After the cutter bit 30 has been inspected or replaced in the second state, in order to enable excavation with the cutter bit 30, the exchange device 2 must be returned from the second state, in which the cutter bit 30 can be replaced, to the first state, in which excavation can be performed with the cutter bit 30. The transition of the exchange device 2 from the second state to the first state is the reverse state transition of the transition of the exchange device 2 from the first state to the second state.

[0056] Specifically, in the process of the exchange device 2 transitioning from the second state to the first state, the state of the exchange device 2 progresses sequentially from the state in Figure 7 to the state in Figure 6, and then to the state in Figure 5, and finally to the state in Figure 2. That is, first, the holding member 40 moves backward from the state in Figure 7 to the state in Figure 6. Next, the holding member 40 rotates from the state in Figure 6 in a direction that moves the cutter bit 30 away from the second opening 23a of the housing 23 (specifically, in the counterclockwise direction in Figure 6), to the state in Figure 5. Then, the holding member 40 moves forward from the state in Figure 5 to the state in Figure 2. This completes the transition of the exchange device 2 from the second state to the first state.

[0057] As described above, the exchange device 2 according to this embodiment includes a fixed cutting tool (a cutter bit 30 in the above example) that is interchangeably attached to a holding member 40 that holds the cutting tool, an annular first seal 41 provided on the first outer surface F1 on the cutting tool side of the outer surface of the holding member 40 and arranged to surround the cutting tool, and an annular second seal 42 provided on the second outer surface F2 that intersects with the first outer surface F1 of the outer surface of the holding member 40. The holding member 40 is movable in the front-rear direction of the excavator body 10 and is rotatable around a pivot axis B1 that intersects in the front-rear direction. Furthermore, the exchange device 2 is capable of transitioning between a first state in which excavation is possible with the cutting tool and a second state in which the cutting tool can be exchanged. The first state is when the first outer surface F1 of the holding member 40 faces the front plate 21 of the cutter head 20, the cutting tool partially protrudes from the front plate 21 through the first opening 21a of the front plate 21, and the first seal 41 contacts the edge of the front plate 21 around the first opening 21a, thereby sealing the space between the edge and the first outer surface F1. The second state is when the second outer surface F2 of the holding member 40 faces the front plate 21, the cutting tool is retracted behind the front plate 21, and the second seal 42 contacts the edge of the front plate 21 around the first opening 21a, thereby sealing the space between the edge and the second outer surface F2.

[0058] As described above, in the first state, the first seal 41 seals the space between the edge of the front plate 21 surrounding the first opening 21a and the first outer surface F1. This prevents excavated soil from entering the installation location of the second seal 42 through the space between the front plate 21 and the retaining member 40. Therefore, the worker can inspect and replace the second seal 42 while ensuring safety. In the second state, the second seal 42 seals the space between the edge of the front plate 21 surrounding the first opening 21a and the second outer surface F2. This prevents excavated soil from entering the installation location of the cutting tool and the first seal 41 through the space between the front plate 21 and the retaining member 40. Therefore, the worker can inspect and replace the first seal 41 in addition to inspecting and replacing the cutting tool while ensuring safety. As described above, with the replacement device 2 according to this embodiment, in addition to replacing the cutting tool, the seal can also be easily replaced.

[0059] Furthermore, in the exchange device 2, the transition from the first state to the second state is performed by the holding member 40 moving backward, then rotating in the first rotational direction (clockwise in the example above, Figure 6), and then moving forward. The transition from the second state to the first state is performed by the holding member 40 moving backward, then rotating in the second rotational direction opposite to the first rotational direction (counterclockwise in the example above, Figure 6), and then moving forward. This ensures that the exchange device 2 can be appropriately transitioned between the first and second states.

[0060] Furthermore, in the transition between the first state and the second state, the exchange device 2 may perform operations different from those in the above example. For example, in the transition between the first state and the second state, in addition to the above example, additional forward and backward movements other than those described above may be performed, and additional rotational movements other than those described above may be performed. Furthermore, in the transition from the first state to the second state, in addition to the above example, rotational movements in the second rotational direction may be performed. Also, in the transition from the second state to the first state, in addition to the above example, rotational movements in the first rotational direction may be performed.

[0061] Furthermore, the replacement device 2 is positioned behind the front plate 21 and includes a housing 23 that accommodates the retaining member 40. The housing 23 is provided with a second opening 23a that connects the inside and outside of the housing 23, and a lid member 23b that opens and closes the second opening 23a. As a result, in the first or second state, the components (specifically, cutting tools or seals) inside the storage space S3 can be inspected or replaced by opening the lid member 23b. On the other hand, if the components inside the storage space S3 are not to be inspected or replaced, the storage space S3 can be separated from the outside of the housing 23 by closing the lid member 23b. Therefore, even if excavated soil or other materials enter the storage space S3, the safety of the worker can be improved.

[0062] In the example shown in Figure 2, in the first state, the second opening 23a and the lid member 23b are provided in the housing 23 at a position facing the surface opposite to the second outer surface F2 of the retaining member 40. However, in the first state, the second opening 23a and the lid member 23b may be provided, for example, in the housing 23 at a position facing the second outer surface F2 of the retaining member 40. The housing 23 may be omitted from the exchange device 2.

[0063] Furthermore, in the replacement device 2, the first seal 41 and the second seal 42 are provided to be replaceable. As a result, all seals provided on the retaining member 40 can be replaced by transitioning the retaining member 40 between the first state and the second state.

[0064] Furthermore, some of the seals among the first seal 41 and the second seal 42 do not need to be replaceable.

[0065] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram showing the general configuration of the exchange device 2A according to the first modified example. The exchange device 2A according to the first modified example differs from the exchange device 2 described above in that each seal has a double structure including an inner seal and an outer seal, and an injection mechanism 70 for injecting liquid into the portion between the inner seal and the outer seal has been added. Other aspects are the same as those of the exchange device 2 described above, so their explanation will be omitted.

[0066] Figure 8, like Figure 2 described above, shows the area around the cutter bit 30 as viewed radially from the excavator body 10. Also, Figure 8, like Figure 2 described above, shows the first state of the replacement device 2A.

[0067] As shown in Figure 8, in the exchange device 2A, the first seal 41 includes an annular inner seal 41a and an annular outer seal 41b surrounding the outer periphery of the inner seal 41a. On the first outer surface F1, the inner seal 41a and the outer seal 41b are arranged concentrically, for example. The inner seal 41a and the outer seal 41b are arranged concentrically, for example, at the center of the first outer surface F1. The inner seal 41a is arranged to surround the cutter bit 30.

[0068] Furthermore, the second seal 42 includes an annular inner seal 42a and an annular outer seal 42b surrounding the outer periphery of the inner seal 42a. On the second outer surface F2, the inner seal 42a and the outer seal 42b are arranged concentrically, for example. The inner seal 42a and the outer seal 42b are arranged concentrically, for example, at the center of the second outer surface F2.

[0069] As described above, each seal has a double structure including an inner seal and an outer seal, so that even if one of the inner or outer seals is damaged, the sealing performance can be ensured. Therefore, the sealing performance of each seal can be improved.

[0070] Furthermore, as shown in Figure 8, the replacement device 2A includes an injection mechanism 70 for injecting liquid into the portion between the inner seal and the outer seal of each seal. The injection mechanism 70 includes a flow path 71 and a discharge port 72. Liquid such as water flows through the flow path 71. The upstream end of the flow path 71 in the direction of liquid flow is connected to a liquid supply source (not shown). The flow path 71 passes inside the front plate 21 of the cutter head 20 and extends to the portion of the rear surface of the front plate 21 that faces the first outer surface F1 of the retaining member 40 in the first state. A discharge port 72 is provided at the downstream end of the flow path 71. In the first state, the discharge port 72 opens to the portion of the rear surface of the front plate 21 that faces the first outer surface F1 of the retaining member 40. Specifically, in the first state, the discharge port 72 faces the portion of the first outer surface F1 between the inner seal 41a and the outer seal 41b of the first seal 41.

[0071] For example, by operating a pump (not shown) provided in the flow path 71, liquid can be sent into the flow path 71 and discharged from the discharge port 72. In Figure 8, the flow of liquid is indicated by a dashed-dotted arrow. In the first state of Figure 8, by discharging liquid from the discharge port 72, liquid can be injected into the space between the inner seal 41a and the outer seal 41b of the first seal 41. As a result, the space between the inner seal 41a and the outer seal 41b of the first seal 41 can be filled with liquid, thereby improving the sealing performance of the first seal 41. In this case, if liquid is leaking to the outside from the inner seal 41a or the outer seal 41b, it can be determined that the leaking seal is damaged.

[0072] Figure 9 is a schematic diagram showing the second state of the replacement device 2A according to the first modified example. As shown in Figure 9, in the second state, the discharge port 72 faces the portion of the second outer surface F2 between the inner seal 42a and the outer seal 42b of the second seal 42. In the second state of Figure 9, by discharging liquid from the discharge port 72, liquid can be injected into the portion of the second seal 42 between the inner seal 42a and the outer seal 42b. As a result, the portion of the second seal 42 between the inner seal 42a and the outer seal 42b can be filled with liquid, thereby improving the sealing performance of the second seal 42. In this case, if liquid leaks out from the inner seal 42a or the outer seal 42b, it can be determined that the leaking seal is damaged.

[0073] Figure 10 is a schematic diagram showing another example of the situation in which liquid is injected by the injection mechanism 70 of the exchange device 2A according to the first modified example. In Figure 10, the exchange device 2A is in an intermediate state between the first state and the second state.

[0074] In the example shown in Figure 10, the first outer surface F1 of the retaining member 40 faces the front plate 21 of the cutter head 20, and the first seal 41 is separated from the front plate 21. In this state, by discharging liquid from the discharge port 72, the liquid can be sprayed and scattered onto the area between the inner seal 41a and the outer seal 41b of the first seal 41. This allows foreign matter accumulated in the area between the inner seal 41a and the outer seal 41b of the first seal 41 to be removed by the liquid.

[0075] Furthermore, when the second outer surface F2 faces the front plate 21 and the second seal 42 is separated from the front plate 21, and liquid is discharged from the discharge port 72, foreign matter accumulated in the area between the inner seal 42a and the outer seal 42b of the second seal 42 can be removed by the liquid, similar to the example described above.

[0076] As explained above, in the modified replacement device 2A, each of the first seal 41 and the second seal 42 includes an annular inner seal and an annular outer seal surrounding the outer circumference of the inner seal. This ensures that even if one of the inner seal or the outer seal is damaged, the sealing performance of each seal can be maintained. Therefore, the sealing performance of each seal can be improved.

[0077] Furthermore, only a portion of the seals of the first seal 41 and the second seal 42 may include an annular inner seal and an annular outer seal surrounding the outer periphery of the inner seal. In other words, at least one of the first seal 41 and the second seal 42 may include an annular inner seal and an annular outer seal surrounding the outer periphery of the inner seal. This also improves the sealing performance of the double-layered seal.

[0078] Furthermore, the replacement device 2A includes an injection mechanism 70 for injecting liquid into the space between the inner seal and the outer seal. This allows the space between the inner seal and the outer seal to be filled with liquid, thereby improving the sealing performance. In addition, foreign matter accumulated in the space between the inner seal and the outer seal can be removed by the liquid.

[0079] In the above example, a liquid is described in which it passes through a flow path 71 formed inside the front plate 21 of the cutter head 20 and is discharged from a discharge port 72 opening on the rear surface of the front plate 21. However, the liquid path in the injection mechanism 70 is not limited to the above example. For example, the injection mechanism 70 may include an internal flow path formed inside the holding member 40 that connects the tip of the support shaft 43 of the holding member 40 with the portion between the inner seal and the outer seal of each seal. In this case, the liquid flow path should be formed so that liquid is supplied from a liquid source to the internal flow path. In other words, the liquid should be supplied to the internal flow path from an opening in the internal flow path formed at the tip of the support shaft 43.

[0080] Figure 11 is a schematic diagram showing the general configuration of the exchange device 2B according to the second modified example. The exchange device 2B according to the second modified example differs from the exchange device 2 described above in that it has an adjustment mechanism 80 for adjusting the mounting angle of the cutter bit 30 with respect to the holding member 40. Other aspects are the same as those of the exchange device 2 described above, so their explanation is omitted.

[0081] Figure 11, like Figure 2 described above, shows the area around the cutter bit 30 as viewed radially from the excavator body 10. Also, Figure 11, like Figure 2 described above, shows the first state of the replacement device 2B.

[0082] As shown in Figure 11, the replacement device 2B includes an adjustment mechanism 80 for adjusting the mounting angle of the cutter bit 30 relative to the holding member 40. The adjustment mechanism 80 includes a rotating member 81. In the replacement device 2B, the rotating member 81 is rotatably mounted on the holding member 40, and the holder 50 is mounted on the rotating member 81. The rotating member 81 has, for example, a cylindrical shape extending radially from the excavator body 10, and is rotatable around its central axis B2. When the rotating member 81 rotates, the holder 50 and the cutter bit 30 rotate integrally with the rotating member 81 around the central axis B2, as shown by the dashed line. This adjusts the mounting angle of the cutter bit 30 relative to the holding member 40.

[0083] As described above, the modified replacement device 2B includes an adjustment mechanism 80 for adjusting the mounting angle of the cutting tool (cutter bit 30 in the above example) with respect to the holding member 40. This allows the rake angle of the cutting tool to be adjusted. Therefore, for example, the rake angle of the cutting tool can be optimized according to the rotation direction of the cutter head 20 or the soil type of the ground to be excavated.

[0084] In the above description, an example was given in which the adjustment mechanism 80 includes a rotating member 81. However, the configuration of the adjustment mechanism 80 is not limited to the above example. For example, the adjustment mechanism 80 may be capable of not only rotating the cutter bit 30 but also translating the cutter bit 30 (for example, moving it in the forward and backward directions). Furthermore, the adjustment mechanism 80 may be added to the above-described replacement device 2A.

[0085] Figure 12 is a schematic diagram showing the general configuration of the exchange device 2C according to the third modified example. The exchange device 2C according to the third modified example differs from the exchange device 2 described above in that a support member 90 is added to support the holding member 40 from the rear. Other aspects are the same as those of the exchange device 2 described above, so their explanation is omitted.

[0086] Figure 12, like Figure 2 described above, shows the area around the cutter bit 30 as viewed radially from the excavator body 10. Also, Figure 12, like Figure 2 described above, shows the first state of the replacement device 2C.

[0087] As shown in Figure 12, the replacement device 2C includes support members 90 that support the retaining member 40 from the rear. The support members 90 are, for example, bolts. In the example in Figure 12, two support members 90 are positioned behind the retaining member 40. Each support member 90 extends in the front-rear direction. Each support member 90 includes a screw head 91 and a male threaded portion 92. In the replacement device 2C, two cylindrical members 24 are attached to the rear surface of the housing 23. Each cylindrical member 24 penetrates the rear surface of the housing 23 in the front-rear direction and extends in the front-rear direction. A female threaded portion is formed on the inner circumference of each cylindrical member 24. The screw head 91 of each support member 90 is located behind the cylindrical member 24, and the male threaded portion 92 of each support member 90 is screwed into each cylindrical member 24. The tip of the male threaded portion 92 of each support member 90 abuts against the rear surface of the retaining member 40, supporting the retaining member 40 from the rear.

[0088] As described above, the modified replacement device 2B includes a support member 90 that supports the holding member 40 from the rear. As a result, even if an excessively large cutting load is applied to the cutter bit 30 while the cutter bit 30 is cutting the ground, the support member 90 will receive part of the cutting load, allowing the cutting of the ground to continue stably.

[0089] In the above example, the support member 90 is described as a bolt. However, the configuration of the support member 90 is not limited to the above example. For example, the support member 90 may include an actuator such as a hydraulic jack, and the holding member 40 may be pressed forward by the actuator. In addition, the support member 90 may be added to the above-described replacement device 2A or replacement device 2B.

[0090] Preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described above with reference to the attached drawings. However, it goes without saying that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and that various modifications or alterations within the scope of the claims also fall within the technical scope of the present invention.

[0091] For example, although the above describes a tunnel boring machine 1 of the earth pressure type (including the mud pressure type), the tunnel boring machine according to the present invention may also be of the slurry type.

[0092] Furthermore, although the above description of the components of the tunnel boring machine 1 was given with reference to the drawings, the dimensions and positional relationships of the components in the drawings are merely illustrative examples, and the dimensions and positional relationships of the components of the tunnel boring machine 1 are not limited to the examples shown in the drawings. In addition, components may be added, deleted, or modified as appropriate for the tunnel boring machine 1 illustrated in the drawings.

[0093] Furthermore, while the above example describes the use of a fixed cutting tool, a rotary cutting tool may be used instead of a fixed cutting tool depending on the soil conditions and other factors. [Explanation of Symbols]

[0094] 1. Tunnel boring machine 2 Exchange device 2A exchange device 2B Exchange device 2C exchange device 10. Excavator body 11 Bulkhead 12 Chambers 20 Cutter Heads 21 Front panel 21a 1st opening 22 Rear plate 23 Housing 23a 2nd opening 23b Lid member 24 cylindrical member 30 Cutter bits (cutting tools) 40 Retaining member 41 First Seal 41a Inner seal 41b Outer seal 42 Second Seal 42a Inner seal 42b Outer seal 43 Support shaft 50 holders 60 Guide members 61 Guide holes 62 Moving bearings 70 Injection mechanism 71 Flow channels 72 Discharge port 80 Adjustment mechanism 81 Rotating Member 90 Support Member 91 Screw head 92 Male threaded section B1 pivot axis B2 center axis F1 1st outer surface F2 2nd outer surface S1 Front space S2 Rear space S3 Containment Space

Claims

1. A replacement device for the cutting tool of a tunnel boring machine, The aforementioned tunnel boring machine, A cylindrical excavator body, A cutter head is rotatably mounted at the front end of the excavator body, A fixed cutting tool provided on the cutter head, Equipped with, The aforementioned cutter head is The front plate forming the front surface of the cutter head, The first opening formed in the front plate, It has, The cutting tool replacement device is The cutting tool is interchangeably mounted, and a holding member holds the cutting tool. An annular first seal is provided on the first outer surface of the retaining member on the cutting tool side, and is arranged to surround the cutting tool. An annular second seal is provided on the second outer surface of the retaining member that intersects with the first outer surface, Equipped with, The holding member is movable in the front-rear direction of the excavator body and is rotatable around a pivot axis that intersects the front-rear direction. The cutting tool exchange device is capable of transitioning between a first state in which drilling is possible with the cutting tool and a second state in which the cutting tool can be replaced. The first state is a state in which the first outer surface of the holding member faces the front plate, the cutting tool partially protrudes from the front plate through the first opening of the front plate, and the first seal contacts the edge of the front plate around the first opening, thereby sealing the space between the edge of the front plate and the first outer surface of the front plate. The second state is one in which the second outer surface of the holding member faces the front plate, the cutting tool is retracted behind the front plate, and the second seal contacts the edge of the front plate around the first opening, thereby sealing the space between the edge of the front plate and the second outer surface. A cutting tool changing device.

2. The transition from the first state to the second state is performed by the holding member moving backward, then rotating in the first rotational direction, and then moving forward. The transition from the second state to the first state is performed by the holding member moving backward, then rotating in a second rotation direction opposite to the first rotation direction, and then moving forward. A cutting tool replacement device according to claim 1.

3. It is positioned behind the front plate and comprises a housing that accommodates the retaining member, The housing is provided with a second opening that connects the inside and outside of the housing, and a lid member that opens and closes the second opening. A cutting tool replacement device according to claim 1.

4. The first seal and the second seal are provided to be replaceable. A cutting tool replacement device according to claim 1.

5. At least one of the first seal and the second seal includes an annular inner seal and an annular outer seal surrounding the outer periphery of the inner seal. A cutting tool replacement device according to claim 1.

6. It includes an injection mechanism for injecting liquid into the portion between the inner seal and the outer seal. The cutting tool replacement device according to claim 5.

7. The cutting tool is provided with an adjustment mechanism for adjusting the mounting angle of the cutting tool relative to the holding member. A cutting tool replacement device according to claim 1.

8. The holding member is supported from the rear by a support member, A cutting tool replacement device according to claim 1.

9. A replacement device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, Tunnel boring machine.

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