Earthquake-resistant shelter for bedrooms

Abstract

Regarding earthquake-resistant structures installed inside existing buildings, the aim is to enable them to be installed relatively easily and inexpensively even inside damaged or partially collapsed houses, thereby providing a high level of safety while sleeping. [Solution] The columns 21 are erected on the base 11 with L-shaped brackets 45, and wall panels 25 are placed between adjacent columns, with their side edges fitted into notches c corresponding to the thickness of the wall panels 25 provided at the corners of the columns and secured with screws 41. A wide opening 26a for daily use or a narrow opening 26b for emergency use is provided on a wall surface that is perpendicular to or opposite to the wall surface in a plan view, so that it can be installed with the same set of materials regardless of the location of the bedroom in the existing building.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a seismic shelter suitable for installation indoors, particularly in bedrooms, of existing buildings, and to a seismic shelter that is assembled and installed indoors using factory-produced materials.

Background Art

[0002] The seismic resistance of buildings, particularly old wooden buildings used as residences, has become a problem. To retrofit such old wooden buildings to a structure that meets current seismic standards requires a large amount of money, and in many cases, the retrofit itself is impossible. Furthermore, many of these types of houses are inhabited by the elderly, and because they are familiar houses, there are not a few people who resist renovation.

[0003] However, if a building used as a residence collapses due to an earthquake, it is likely to lead to accidents involving human lives. Especially in the case of disasters during sleep, it is difficult to evacuate quickly, and it often leads to tragic accidents where human lives are lost. To prevent such situations, various proposals have been made to install a structure with excellent seismic resistance in existing rooms.

[0004] As an example of such a structure, Patent Document 1 proposes a wooden seismic shelter that can be used as a living space where entrances can be secured even after collapse by providing a plurality of entrances.

[0005] Also, Patent Document 2 proposes a seismic structure assembled from factory-produced column-wall panels and ceiling panels provided on the column-wall panels.

[0006] On the other hand, the seismic shelter disclosed in Patent Document 3 proposes a seismic shelter that strengthens the canopy of the bed to protect sleepers from falling objects in a collapsed house.

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0007] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Publication No. 2010-156174 [Patent Document 2] Japanese Patent Publication No. 2018-178511 [Patent Document 3] Japanese Patent Publication No. 2019-85723 [Overview of the Initiative] [Problems that the invention aims to solve]

[0008] When a major earthquake occurs, older wooden buildings that do not meet current seismic standards are damaged or collapse. These types of wooden buildings tend to be found in areas with poor transportation access. When an earthquake strikes such areas, many buildings are damaged.

[0009] Even in buildings that are partially damaged or half-collapsed, it may be possible to enter during the day to clean up or do daily work, but sleeping in such buildings is extremely dangerous due to the risk of aftershocks during sleep. Therefore, there is an urgent need to prepare habitable evacuation facilities and temporary housing to secure a place for many disaster victims to stay at night.

[0010] However, in sparsely populated areas with poor transportation, suitable evacuation facilities may not be available nearby, or the construction of temporary housing or the repair of damaged homes may be difficult due to poor transportation and a lack of manpower, often forcing people to live in tents or cars.

[0011] To address these problems, it has been proposed to install earthquake-resistant structures indoors in advance, as proposed in Patent Documents 1 and 2, or to install earthquake-resistant shelters indoors, as proposed in Patent Document 3. However, the former requires large and expensive structures to ensure habitability, and in buildings that have partially collapsed, the space inside the building where the shelter is to be installed is usually narrow, so it needs to be installed in advance. Furthermore, since earthquake prediction is difficult, widespread adoption cannot be expected.

[0012] On the other hand, earthquake-resistant shelters like the one proposed in Patent Document 3 are small and can be installed inside partially collapsed buildings, and are considered relatively easy and inexpensive to install. However, because the openings on the sides are large, it is difficult to provide strength against lateral external forces from collapsed columns and walls, and there is a risk of collapse due to lateral external forces, raising concerns about safety against aftershocks.

[0013] This invention was made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and aims to provide an earthquake-resistant shelter that can be installed in a room of a house beforehand to ensure safety while sleeping, as well as one that can be installed relatively easily and inexpensively in the room of a damaged or partially collapsed house to provide a high level of safety while sleeping. [Means for solving the problem]

[0014] The earthquake-resistant shelter 1 of this invention is an indoor-installed, internal earthquake-resistant structure installed inside an existing building using a wooden frame construction method, and comprises a frame 2 assembled from multiple foundations 11, main beams 12, columns 21 (corner columns 21a and intermediate columns 21b), girders 31 and purlins 32 made of laminated timber, and wall panels 25, floor panels 15, ceiling panels 35 and roof panels 36 that close the openings of the frame.

[0015] The base 11 is, in principle, fixed to the floor of the room in which it is installed, the main beam 12 is erected between one of the opposing bases, and the floorboard 15 is fastened with screws 41 between the main beam 12 and the base 11a parallel to the main beam.

[0016] Four corner posts 21a and multiple intermediate posts 21b erected at regular intervals between these corner posts are erected on the base 11 with L-shaped brackets 45, and wall panels 25 are fitted into notches c corresponding to the thickness of the wall panels 25, which are provided at the corners of the posts 21 (21a, 21b), and fastened with screws 41.

[0017] Multiple purlins 32 are erected between opposing girders supported by columns 21. Ceiling boards 35 are fastened to the underside of these purlins with screws 41, and roof boards 36 are fastened to the upper surface of the purlins 32 with screws 41.

[0018] A wide opening 26a for daily use or a narrow opening 26b for emergency use, which serves as an entrance to the shelter, is provided on a wall surface that is perpendicular to or opposite to the shelter in a plan view. To eliminate constraints on the location of rooms used as bedrooms within existing buildings and to consider the versatility of materials that can be bundled together as a set, it is preferable to provide openings 26a or 26b for entrances and exits on four or three sides of the shelter.

[0019] Preferably, the floorboard 15 is constructed by fitting both side edges into notches c corresponding to the thickness of the floorboard 15, which are provided at both corners of the upper surface of the main beam 12 and at the inner corners of the foundation 11a parallel to the main beam, and then fastening them with screws 41. The roof board 36 and ceiling board 35 may be fastened in the same way as the wall board 25 to the columns 21 and the floorboard to the main beam 12, but using wide structural plywood simplifies the assembly work. In some cases, a structure using wide structural plywood as the floorboard 15 is also possible.

[0020] The height from the floor to the ceiling of Shelter 1 is set to the minimum necessary height to match the average height of Japanese people, resulting in a low center of gravity and a low center of gravity against earthquakes. In addition, although this shelter is fixed to the existing floor, it can also be installed on a concrete slab depending on the extent of damage to the building. [Effects of the Invention]

[0021] With the earthquake-resistant shelter of this invention, high safety against earthquakes during bedtime can be ensured. The dimensions of materials such as columns and board materials produced in factories are small, so they can be easily carried into buildings that have been semi-collapsed after an earthquake. They can be assembled relatively easily by ordinary people in a narrow space. Therefore, materials can be easily transported to areas with inconvenient transportation. It is also relatively easy to carry the materials into the narrow and semi-collapsed indoor space and for the residents themselves to assemble and install them. As a result, it is relatively easy to ensure a safe bedtime place for the affected residents, reduce the uneasiness of the residents against aftershocks, and protect the safety during bedtime as much as possible.

[0022] Furthermore, the affected residents themselves can ensure the safety during bedtime against aftershocks. By using glued laminated timber and producing materials such as columns, roofs, and board materials in factories, materials can be supplied at a low price. Materials can be carried into narrow indoor spaces, and the residents themselves can assemble and install the carried-in materials in a narrow space. Therefore, it has the effect of reducing inconveniences such as inconvenient transportation and lack of manpower, and can quickly provide a bedtime place after the disaster.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0023] [Figure 1] Perspective view of the shelter in the embodiment [Figure 2] Perspective view showing the framework of the shelter in FIG. 1 [Figure 3] Plan view of the floor [Figure 4] Enlarged cross-sectional view showing the fixing structure of the floor, wall, and column [Figure 5] Enlarged cross-sectional view showing the fixing structure of the column and the wall panel [Figure 6] Enlarged cross-sectional view showing the fixing structure of the wall panel, ceiling panel, and roof panel [Figure 7] Side view of the framework of the shelter in FIG. 1

Modes for Carrying Out the Invention

[0024] <0The earthquake-resistant shelter 1 of this invention is an earthquake-resistant shelter that can be installed by assembling materials such as a foundation 11, main beams 12, columns 21, girders 31, purlins 32, floorboards 15, wallboards 25, ceilingboards 35, and roofboards 36, which are brought into a room used as a bedroom in an existing building, on the floor of the room.

[0025] In other words, the earthquake-resistant shelter of this invention is designed to be assembled on the floor of an existing room. For example, in the case of an 8-tatami mat room, the width x depth dimensions between the centers of the corner pillars 21a and intermediate pillars 21b of the shelter are small, at 2,300 mm x 2,850 mm, ensuring that there is enough space around the existing room for assembly work.

[0026] The shelter has two openings for entry and exit: a standard opening 26a and a narrower opening 26b designed for emergency use, both facing in different directions or opposite each other. The narrower opening 26b is sized to allow evacuation by turning sideways in an emergency, taking into account heating and cooling inside the room. As an existing floor-standing shelter without a foundation connection, it is fixed to the main beams of the existing building with screws. Furthermore, its height is set at a low 2,000 mm to prevent a decrease in resistance to collapse.

[0027] The columns 21 and wall panels 25 are integrated by fitting the side edges of the wall panels 25 into notches c provided in the columns 21 and fastening them with screws 41, thereby ensuring high resistance to lateral external forces.

[0028] The figure shows an embodiment of the shelter of this invention, specifically an example of a shelter for an 8-tatami mat room. In this embodiment, the distance between the centers of the corner columns 21a is small, measuring 2,300 mm in depth and 2,850 mm in width. A wide opening 26a (see also Figure 3) is provided on the opposing wall in the horizontal direction, serving as a normal entrance, while a narrow opening 26b is provided on the opposing wall in the depth direction. The distance between the columns of the wide opening 26a is 850 mm, and the distance between the columns of the narrow opening 26b is 500 mm. The columns 21 are erected on the upper surface of the base 11 using L-shaped brackets 45, and the beams 31 are attached to the upper ends of the columns 21 using L-shaped brackets 45. Such brackets can be provided in other locations besides those mentioned above, taking into consideration the strength of the frame and the ease of assembly.

[0029] The shelter's floor area is relatively small compared to the floor area of ​​the 8-tatami mat room because space is needed around the shelter for assembly, and it is sized to accommodate two beds inside.

[0030] In the embodiment shown in the figure, the openings 26 (26a, 26b) that serve as entrances and exits are provided in two directions to allow for versatility, enabling installation with the same materials in any room located in the building, and also to allow for escape regardless of which direction the building collapses. The narrow opening 26b is designed to allow for evacuation by turning sideways in an emergency, taking into account heating and cooling conditions inside the room. The spacing between the centers of the columns where the wall panels 25 are attached is 500 mm in the depth direction and 450 mm in the width direction.

[0031] The main beams 12 extend horizontally and are mounted between the foundations, and are spaced at intervals equal to the spacing of the columns in the depth direction. The purlins 32 extend in a direction perpendicular to the main beams 12, i.e., horizontally, and are mounted between the girders 31, and are spaced at intervals equal to the spacing of the columns in the width direction.

[0032] The floorboards 15 are fastened between adjacent joists 12 and between joists 12 and foundation 11a. The wallboards 25 are fastened between adjacent columns where 26a and 26b are not provided. The ceiling boards 35 are nailed to the underside of the purlins 32, and the roof boards 36 are nailed to the top surface of the purlins 32.

[0033] The structural plywood ceiling is secured to the purlins, which are fastened to the beams, by 75mm screws (Guts screws in this example) at regular intervals from the underside. Above the purlins, structural plywood designed to withstand falling objects is also fastened at regular intervals with screws, resulting in a double-layered plywood structure.

[0034] Notches c corresponding to the thickness of the floorboard 15 are provided at both upper corners of the main beam 12 and at the inner upper corners of the base 11a parallel to the main beam. Each floorboard 15 is fitted into these notches on both sides, and the fitted portion is nailed to the main beam 12 and base 11a.

[0035] Similarly, notches c corresponding to the thickness of the wall panel 25 are provided at the opposite corners of the corner posts 21a and the outer corners of the intermediate posts 21b, and each wall panel 25 is fitted into these notches on both sides and the fitted portion is nailed to the post 21.

[0036] The nails used for fastening are screw nails, also known as Guts screws, which are nails with a threaded tip.

[0037] The materials and dimensions of the materials used in the shelter in the example are as follows: the base 11, main beam 12, and column 21 are made of 105mm square laminated cedar timber; the purlins 31 and main beams 32 are made of 105mm x 150mm laminated red pine timber; the floorboards 15 and ceiling boards 35 are made of 24mm structural plywood; and the wall boards 25 are made of 28mm structural plywood.

[0038] These materials are processed in a factory, marked for nailing, preferably with pre-drilled holes, and more preferably pre-assembled in the factory with alignment marks, and provided as a set with screws and necessary tools, so that residents can easily and accurately assemble them inside their own homes. The shelter is installed by fastening the base 11 to the main beams of the existing building with screw bolts.

[0039] The above example is based on structural calculations for a shelter to be installed in an 8-tatami mat room on the first floor of a two-story wooden building with a tiled roof, and the floor area, material type, and dimensions were calculated accordingly. However, by changing the dimensions in the depth and width directions, it is possible to create a shelter to be installed in a 6-tatami mat room, or to install it along the outer wall of the room instead of in the center. Furthermore, by changing the material and dimensions of the wooden laminated structural members such as columns, purlins, and boards based on structural calculations for the area where it will be installed, it is possible to create a shelter that conforms to the allowable stress of traditional wooden construction methods under the Building Standards Act. [Explanation of Symbols]

[0040] 1. Earthquake-resistant shelter 2 axis set 11, 11a Base 12. 15 Floorboards 21a Corner post 21b Stud 25 Wallboard 26a Wide opening 26b narrow opening 31 digits 32 Main House 35 Ceiling panels 36 Roof boards 41 Screws 45 L-shaped fitting c notch

Claims

1. In an earthquake-resistant shelter installed using the wooden frame construction method in a room used as a bedroom in an existing wooden building, A foundation, multiple girders installed between one opposing foundation, and floorboards fixed between the girders and foundations parallel to the girders, Four corner posts erected on the aforementioned base, multiple intermediate posts erected at regular intervals between those corner posts, and multiple wall panels fixed between adjacent corner posts and intermediate posts, A beam supported by the aforementioned corner posts and intermediate posts, a plurality of purlins erected between one opposing beam in a direction parallel or perpendicular to the aforementioned main beam, a ceiling board fixed to the underside of the purlins, and a roof board fixed to the upper surface of the purlins, Equipped with, The corner posts are provided with notches at opposite corners corresponding to the thickness of the wall panels, the intermediate posts are provided with notches at both corners of their surface corresponding to the thickness of the wall panels, and the wall panels are fastened by nails while being fitted into the notches provided in the adjacent corner posts or intermediate posts. An opening is provided in the perpendicular wall surface between adjacent studs, without fastening the aforementioned wall panel. Earthquake-resistant shelter.

2. The earthquake-resistant shelter according to claim 1, wherein notches corresponding to the thickness of the floorboard are provided at both corners of the upper surface of the main beam and at the corners of the foundation parallel to the main beam that are adjacent to the main beam, and the floorboard is fastened by nails with both sides fitted into the notches provided in the adjacent main beam or foundation.

3. The earthquake-resistant shelter according to claim 1, wherein the floorboard has a floor area that allows two beds to be placed on it with a distance between them that allows people to pass through, and a height that allows people to walk.

4. The earthquake-resistant shelter according to claim 1, wherein one of the openings provided in the perpendicular walls is an opening formed without fastening a single wall panel, and the other is an opening formed without fastening a single stud and the wall panels on both sides thereof.

5. An earthquake-resistant shelter according to claim 1, installed inside a building that is tilted overall.

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