Tsunami shelter

Abstract

The aim is to provide a tsunami shelter that is easy to construct, requires minimal time and effort, has a high probability of protecting lives within a predetermined time frame from the moment a tsunami strikes, and offers excellent comfort. [Solution] The shelter comprises a main body 2 that is sealed at least at the upper part and secures a living space S inside, and an outer wall portion 3 that surrounds the main body 2 and interferes with the mechanical effects on the main body 2 caused by water force and flowing objects generated by a tsunami, wherein a specific portion 33 consisting of divided bodies 333a, 333a located on the opposite side in the circumferential direction from the communication opening 16 in the outer wall portion 3 has higher strength than the other parts (parts consisting of multiple divided bodies 333 that do not have a reinforcing plate 31).

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a tsunami shelter that can be used for evacuation when a tsunami occurs.

Background Art

[0002] A tsunami generated during a major earthquake or the like rushes towards the land at a terrifying speed and may cause buildings such as houses to collapse. In order to escape from such a tsunami, it is necessary to evacuate to a place higher than the tsunami arrival point. However, it is difficult to evacuate alone in places without a high place nearby, or for children, the elderly, and disabled people. In addition, evacuation facilities are generally provided in remote locations. Considering the speed of the above-mentioned tsunami, not only the elderly and those with difficulty walking, but also healthy people and evacuation guides are likely to be late in escaping. Therefore, it cannot be said to be sufficient as a measure to suppress human casualties during a tsunami.

[0003] In response to such problems, shelters that can be installed near residences have been developed for the purpose of securing an evacuation place that can be evacuated in a short time near the living environment of residents (see Patent Document 1). The shelter described in Patent Document 1 is composed of an airtight outer shell having a living room space inside. An opening allowing people to enter and exit is provided on the front side of the side portion of the outer shell, and the living room space is provided at a position above the upper end of the opening.

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0004]

Patent Document 1

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0005] A shelter like the one described in Patent Document 1 prevents the water level from rising above the top edge of the opening, preventing air from escaping the shelter and thus preventing water from entering the living space, thus enabling survival for a predetermined period of time. However, the shelter itself, including the part that secures the air, needs to be durable against the water pressure of a tsunami and the sediment washed away by the tsunami, which presents problems such as the time and effort required for construction, including the cost of the integrated structure. As a solution, a tsunami shelter that floats with the tsunami using a sealed boat has been developed, but it is inferior in terms of comfort and has been criticized for not ensuring safety.

[0006] This invention was made in response to these problems, and aims to provide a tsunami shelter that does not require much time or effort to construct, including the cost of the structure, can protect human lives with a high probability from the time of the tsunami until a predetermined time has elapsed, and is also highly comfortable. [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] To solve the aforementioned problems, the tsunami shelter of the present invention is: The shelter comprises a main body that is sealed at least at its upper level to secure a living space inside, and an outer wall that surrounds the main body to interfere with the mechanical effects on the main body caused by water and flowing objects generated by a tsunami, The outer wall portion is characterized by having a communication opening that connects the inside and outside of the outer wall portion, and a specific portion located on the opposite side of the communication opening is constructed with a higher strength than at least the portions on both sides of the specific portion. According to these features, the shelter itself maintains a living space without air leakage during a tsunami, and the outer walls effectively protect the shelter from the pressure of the tsunami and the impact of debris and other flowing objects carried by the tsunami. Furthermore, the specific section on the opposite side of the communication opening in the outer wall has high strength, making it less susceptible to damage even when hit by the pressure of a large tsunami or flowing objects, while at least the parts on both sides of the specific section in the outer wall can be manufactured at a relatively low cost.

[0008] The outer surface of at least the outer surface of the specified portion of the outer wall is characterized in that it is formed in a substantially rounded shape when viewed from above. This feature allows the tsunami to be smoothly divided to both sides of a specific area, thus distributing the tsunami pressure acting on the outer wall. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0009] [Figure 1] This is a perspective view showing a tsunami shelter in Example 1. [Figure 2] Figure 1 is a diagram illustrating the assembly procedure for the exterior wall section. [Figure 3] This is a cross-sectional view AA in Figure 1. [Figure 4] This is an illustrative diagram showing a tsunami shelter being exposed to a tsunami. [Figure 5] This is an illustrative image showing a situation where the water level around a tsunami shelter has dropped and sediment has accumulated around it. [Figure 6] This is a perspective view showing a tsunami shelter in Example 2. [Figure 7] This is a perspective view of the cover used in the tsunami shelter in Example 2. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0010] The embodiments for implementing the tsunami shelter according to the present invention will be described below based on examples. [Examples]

[0011] The tsunami shelter according to Example 1 will be described with reference to Figures 1 to 5. Reference numeral 1 in Figure 1 denotes the tsunami shelter to which the present invention is applied (hereinafter referred to as the shelter). The shelter 1 is an evacuation shelter mainly placed near a residence (not shown) built along the coast, and is mainly composed of a shelter body 2 and an outer wall 3 that supports the shelter body 2.

[0012] As shown in Figures 1 and 3, the shelter body 2 is made of relatively lightweight plastic, and to provide a sense of security to people and animals inside the living space S, it is appropriate to use light-transmitting plastic for at least the top surface. It is mainly integrally formed from plastics such as PE, PP, PC, and PVC, with the upper end forming a dome-shaped, roughly bell-like shape, and forming a roughly circular shape in plan view. However, a flat top surface is also acceptable instead of a dome shape. The bottom of the shelter body 2 is open, and the floor plate 4, which constitutes the floor area where evacuees in the living space temporarily wait, is supported by support fittings AA extending from the outer wall 3 or the ground supporting the outer wall 3, which will be described later. The living space S extends above the floor plate 4. As mentioned above, the shelter body 2 does not have to have a dome-shaped, roughly bell-like upper end, but can be cylindrical overall, i.e., shaped like an inverted bucket. In this way, by making the shelter body 2 out of plastic, if people cannot easily get out of the shelter body 2's exit after a tsunami, they can be rescued by cutting through the plastic. Furthermore, although the shelter body 2 is made of plastic, any material weaker than the outer wall 3 (metal, concrete, FRP, thick plastic, etc.) will be easier to break during rescue, making rescue easier. Polyethylene (PE) is stable to acids and alkalis, and while low molecular weight polyethylene swells in hydrocarbon solvents, high molecular weight polyethylene has excellent chemical resistance and sufficient strength, making it suitable as a material for the shelter body 2. Polyethylene (PE) is also suitable as a material for the shelter body 2, which is likely to be exposed to sunlight from above.

[0013] Furthermore, as shown in Figure 3, the floorboard 4 has a cylindrical portion 5 extending from its perimeter below the peripheral wall portion 7 of the shelter body 2, and the hollow space of the cylindrical portion 5 is in communication with the living space S. A notch 4a is formed in the floorboard 4, and this notch 4a of the floorboard 4 and the opening at the lower end of the cylindrical portion 5 constitute the entrance 6 to the living space S. The living space S of the shelter body 2 is airtight, with no ventilation openings above except for this entrance 6 and the gap between the opening at the lower end of the cylindrical portion 5 and the floorboard 4. In addition, it is possible to easily enter the living space S by placing a ladder or the like over the entrance 6 as needed. Regarding the installation of the floorboard 4, it may be a structure integrated with the bottom plate 34 without using the support bracket AA.

[0014] The floorboard 4 is positioned at least above the lower end 7a of the peripheral wall 7, and the shelter body 2 has a raised structure with space below the floorboard 4. The lower passage 8 is formed as a space that is below the floorboard 4 that constitutes the floor and is open downwards to near the lower end 7a of the peripheral wall 7. Because such a large shelter body 2 is integrally formed using a rotational molding method, air leakage from inside the shelter body 2 can be prevented as much as possible.

[0015] A protruding ridge (protrusion) 9 is formed in the center of the peripheral wall portion 7 in the vertical direction. Multiple protruding ridges 9 are formed in the circumferential direction, spaced apart from each other, and are supported by a pair of support parts 17, 17 that protrude from the inner circumferential surface of the outer wall portion 3 at opposing positions in the circumferential direction. The function of these protruding ridges (protrusions) 9 is to be used as stoppers to prevent the shelter body 2 from falling when the shelter body 2 is installed after the outer wall portion 3 has been constructed. By lowering the shelter body 2 through the opening 20 at the top of the outer wall portion 3, the support parts 17, 17 and the protruding ridges (protrusions) 9 come into contact and are positioned. An opening 20 is formed in the upper part of the outer wall portion 3 that surrounds the shelter body, and protective means 19 that covers the shelter body 2 from above is attached to the opening 20. This protective means 19, which covers the opening 20 at the top of the outer wall section 3, effectively protects the upper part of the shelter body 2, which is made of relatively lightweight and weak material such as plastic, from flowing debris and falling objects caused by disasters such as tsunamis. Furthermore, since the shelter body 2 and the opening 20 provided at the top of the outer wall section 3 are movable vertically, maintenance of the interior of the shelter body 2 and the outer wall section 3 can be easily performed by removing the protective means 19.

[0016] The outer wall portion 3 is mainly configured as a combination of concrete - made divided bodies 333, but steel bars or reinforcing plastics may be used for strength reinforcement. Thus, the outer wall portion 3 is composed of a plurality of divided bodies 333. The divided bodies 333 are combined to form an annular shape, and an upper opening 3a is formed. Each divided body 333 includes a standing portion 13 and a base portion 14 extending outward from the lower end portion of the standing portion 13. In the base portion 14, an insertion hole 14a (see FIG. 1) for an anchor bolt A for fixing each divided body 333 to the bottom plate 34 is formed. Further, in at least one of the divided bodies 333, a communication port 16 for communicating the inside and the outside of the outer wall portion 3 is formed in a part of the standing portion 13, and a passage 3A extending upward along the outer wall portion 3 is provided. This passage 3A is covered with a cover 3B, and a ladder 3C extending upward is provided inside the cover 3B. The inner edge shape formed by the standing portion 13 is substantially the same as the outer edge shape of the peripheral wall portion 7 of the shelter body 2 and is formed to be one size larger than the peripheral wall portion 7 of the shelter body 2. That is, the shelter body 2 is loosely fitted inside the standing portion 13 of the outer wall portion 3. In this embodiment, the passage 3A is covered with the cover 3B, but the passage 3A may form a concave or convex portion in the vertical direction between the shelter body 2 and the outer wall portion 3 to form a passage between the shelter body 2 and the outer wall portion 3, as long as the passage 3A is not blocked by debris or damaged.

[0017] Also, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, on the inner peripheral surfaces of the standing portion 13 of the divided body 333 having the communication port 16 among the divided bodies 333 of the outer wall portion 3 and one of the standing portions 13 of the two divided bodies 333a, 333a located on the opposite side in the circumferential direction to the communication port 16, support portions 17, 17 project so as to face each other.

[0018] Moreover, inside each of the divided bodies 333a, 333a, metal reinforcing plates 31, 31 are provided. The reinforcing plates 31, 31 are formed in a substantially L-shape by a vertical portion 31a extending in the vertical direction along the standing portion 13 and a horizontal portion 31b extending outward from the lower end of the vertical portion 31a. Incidentally, an insertion hole (not shown) for an anchor bolt A is formed in the horizontal portion 31b. Thus, since the reinforcing plates 31, 31 are provided inside the divided bodies 333a, 333a, their strength is higher than that of the other divided bodies 333. That is, the specific portion 33 composed of the divided bodies 333a, 333a located on the opposite side in the circumferential direction to the communication port 16 in the outer wall portion 3 has a higher strength than the portion other than the specific portion 33 (the portion composed of a plurality of divided bodies 333 without the reinforcing plate 31).

[0019] Therefore, by installing the outer wall portion 3 such that the communication port 16 through which people enter and exit is located on the side opposite to the sea side and the specific portion 33 is located on the sea side, the portion where the tsunami approaching from the sea side is most likely to collide in the outer wall portion 3 is composed of the specific portion 33 made of the divided bodies 333a, 333a with high strength, so that damage and destruction of the outer wall portion 3 due to the tsunami wave force are suppressed. On the other hand, since the portion other than the specific portion 33 is composed of the divided bodies 333 without the reinforcing plate 31, the outer wall portion 3 can be manufactured at a relatively low cost. Incidentally, in the first embodiment, the specific portion 33 had a higher strength than all the portions other than the specific portion 33 in the outer wall portion 3. However, as long as the strength is higher than at least both sides of the specific portion 33 that is less likely to be affected by the tsunami, for the portion composed of the divided body 333 having the communication port 16 where the draw wave is likely to collide, it may be configured with the divided body 333a having the reinforcing plate 31 so as to have substantially the same strength as the specific portion 33.

[0020] Furthermore, in this embodiment 1, a configuration in which a specific section 33 with high strength is constructed by providing reinforcing plates 31, 31 inside the divided bodies 333a, 333a that constitute the outer wall section 3 was illustrated. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and a specific section with high strength may be constructed by making the divided bodies 333a, 333a from other materials such as concrete or resin that have higher strength than the other divided bodies 333, providing reinforcing members other than metal plates (for example, reinforcing bars, etc.) inside, reinforcing plates fixed to the inner or outer surface of the divided bodies 333 for reinforcement, increasing the thickness, or forming reinforcing ribs. In addition, although the specific section 33 was constructed from two divided bodies 333a, 333a located on opposite sides in the circumferential direction from the communication opening 16, it may be constructed from three or more divided bodies.

[0021] Furthermore, the outer wall portion 3, which is substantially cylindrical and has an upper opening 3a, can distribute the pressure of the tsunami acting on the outer wall portion 3 because at least the outer surface of the specific portion 33 is formed in a substantially rounded shape in plan view, allowing the tsunami to smoothly escape to both sides of the specific portion 33. The rounded shape includes a substantially arc shape in plan view, a substantially inverted U shape in plan view, a substantially mountain shape in plan view, etc. The outer surface may be formed in a rounded shape by a curved surface, or by a plurality of flat surfaces arranged in the circumferential direction. Moreover, at least the outer surface of the specific portion 33 may be formed as a surface that slopes outward toward downward.

[0022] The approach section 15 is connected to a communication opening 16 formed in the upright section 13 of the outer wall section 3, facilitating entry and exit of people, and also serving as a drainage channel for water that tends to accumulate in the base plate 34, which is a foundation that reinforces the ground (soil, asphalt ground, or existing concrete ground). In this invention, these solid parts including soil present in the ground GL are referred to as the ground, etc.

[0023] The shelter body 2 is open at the bottom, and the floor plate 4, which constitutes the floor area where evacuees temporarily wait in the living space, is fixed to the outer wall 3 or the base plate 34, which is a foundation that reinforces the ground supporting the outer wall 3 (soil, asphalt ground, or existing concrete ground), and is supported by support fittings AA that extend upward.

[0024] Furthermore, as shown in Figures 1 and 3, the shelter 1 is equipped with a restricting means 40 to prevent it from floating up due to the large pressure or buoyancy that would result from the "air pocket" being created in the enclosed living space S by tsunami water entering the interior of the outer wall 3 through the communication opening 16, thereby applying a large pressure to the interior of the shelter body 2. The restricting means 40 consists of a holding part 40a formed in a mesh shape using metal wire or the like, and a plurality of hooks 40b suspended from the lower end of the holding part 40a in the circumferential direction. On the other hand, a plurality of eye bolts 41 capable of locking the hooks 40b are fixed to the upper surface of the bottom plate 34 in the circumferential direction along the inner circumferential surface of the outer wall 3.

[0025] The restricting means 40 can restrict the floating of the shelter body 2 by covering the upper part of the shelter body 2 with a holding part 40a from above and engaging multiple hooks 40b hanging downwards with eye bolts 41. The restricting means 40 can be easily removed for maintenance by removing the hooks 40b from the eye bolts 41. Furthermore, it is preferable that the restricting means 40 restricts the floating so that the shelter body 2 does not collide with the protective means 19 above. In addition, the load on the restricting means 40 due to the floating of the shelter body 2 can be supported by the sturdy bottom plate 34, so that the outer wall 3 is not subjected to impact. Moreover, since the upper part of the shelter body 2 is formed in a dome shape, the pressure applied to the inside of the shelter body 2 due to the intrusion of a tsunami is dispersed, and the load applied when floating is restricted by the restricting means 40 is also suitably dispersed, so that damage and destruction of the shelter body 2 due to impact from pressure and floating are suppressed. Furthermore, although the holding portion 40a of the restricting means 40 is formed in a mesh shape using metal wire or the like, any shape is acceptable as long as it can restrict the floating of the shelter body 2, such as wire mesh, wire, or sheet.

[0026] As described above, the structure containing the living space and the protective structure are constructed as separate entities; that is, the shelter body 2 and the outer wall section 3 are separate structures. Therefore, the construction of the shelter 1, including the cost of the structure, is quick and easy, and maintenance is also made simpler. Furthermore, because the shelter body 2 and the outer wall section 3 are separate structures, and the suspension support section 12 at the upper end of the shelter body 2 can be hooked onto a crane hook or the like to allow for vertical movement, maintenance of the shelter body 2 is made easy, not only during construction and rescue. In addition, by constructing the outer wall section 3 as a segmented body 333 that can be attached and detached with bolts, maintenance of the outer wall section 3 is made easier.

[0027] Next, we will explain assuming an actual tsunami strikes. Here, we will assume that the initial incoming wave reaching Shelter 1 hits it from the right side of the screen in Figure 4, and the receding wave, which returns after some time has passed since the water flowed over Shelter 1, hits Shelter 1 from the left side of the screen in Figure 4.

[0028] Users who detect the approach of a tsunami due to a tsunami warning or other means can evacuate into the living space S through the communication opening 16 formed in the upright section of the outer wall 3, the lower passage 8 beneath the shelter body 2, or the entrances 6 formed around the floorboard 4.

[0029] The incoming and outgoing waves of the tsunami that reach Shelter 1 collide with the upright section 13 of the high-strength outer wall section 3, preventing damage to the shelter body 2 installed inside the upright section 13. In particular, the specific section 33 of the outer wall section 3, which is located on the seaward side and is most likely to be hit by incoming waves, is strengthened by a reinforcing plate 31 provided inside, thus preventing damage to the outer wall section 3. Furthermore, because the upright section 13 of the outer wall section 3 is circular in plan view, regardless of the direction from which incoming waves from the sea and outgoing waves from the mountain side collide, the water flow is divided into two directions as it circulates around the upright section, attenuating the force directly acting on Shelter 1 due to the incoming tsunami waves, making it difficult for vortices to form and the outer wall section 3 to be swept away, resulting in less fluid resistance of water and a low possibility of damage to the outer wall section 3 itself.

[0030] Furthermore, an opening 20 is formed in the upper part of the outer wall surrounding the shelter body, and a protective means 19 is attached to the opening 20 to cover the shelter body 2 from above. This protective means 19, which covers the opening 20 in the upper part of the outer wall 3, effectively protects the upper part of the shelter body 2, which is made of a relatively lightweight and low-strength material such as plastic, from flowing debris and falling objects caused by disasters such as tsunamis. In addition, since the shelter body 2 and the opening 20 provided in the upper part of the outer wall 3 can be moved or removed in the vertical direction, maintenance of the interior of the shelter body 2 and the outer wall 3 can be easily performed by removing the protective means 19 and the restrictive means 40. Although the protective means 19 is shown as a grid made of metal or the like, it can be any shape that protects the shelter body 2 from damage, such as a flat plate lid, sheet, or net. To prevent the accumulation of garbage on a daily basis, a relatively sealed cover or sheet is suitable. To prevent damage to the shelter body 2 from sunlight from above, a material having at least ultraviolet protection is preferable. The protective means 19 is not limited to covering the upper part of the outer wall 3, but may also be installed inside the opening at the top of the outer wall 3.

[0031] Furthermore, since the outer wall section 3 is enclosed by the upright section 13, that is, the space supporting the shelter body 2 is open at the bottom by the approach section 15, seawater that flows in between the shelter body 2 and the upright section 13 of the outer wall section 3 can be quickly discharged to the outside.

[0032] Furthermore, the tsunami water entering the interior of the outer wall section 3 through the communication opening 16 would exert significant pressure on the shelter body 2 from below and cause it to float upwards due to buoyancy. This is prevented by the restricting means 40, and a protective means 19 that covers the shelter body 2 from above is fixed to the outer wall section 3 by a locking means B at the opening 20. Specifically, the bolts acting as the locking means B are attached by screw fixing to engagement holes in the upright sections 13 of the outer wall section 3, suppressing the rise of the protective means 19. As a result, the lifting of the shelter body 2 away from the outer wall section 3 is also prevented.

[0033] In addition, sandbags can be attached to the lower part of the shelter body 2 separately from or in addition to the restricting means 40 to temporarily prevent the shelter body 2 from rising due to buoyancy, etc. Furthermore, by providing a buffer member (not shown) having a recess into which the upper part of the shelter body 2 can be fitted in the space between the protective means 19 and the shelter body 2, the impact when the shelter body 2 collides with the protective means 19 can be mitigated. Alternatively, wire mesh may be firmly laid as the protective means 19 on the outer wall 3 above the shelter body 2 and removed during rescue. If evacuees inside can destroy the shelter body 2 themselves when escaping, a locking release mechanism can be provided that allows the locking mechanism (e.g., bolts or hooks) that prevents the movement of the protective means 19 to be released from the inside, even from inside the outer wall 3.

[0034] Figure 5 shows the area approximately three hours after the first wave of the tsunami had receded, with sediment carried by the tsunami accumulating around Shelter 1.

[0035] It is preferable for users to notify rescue teams of their location by sending a distress signal using a communication terminal or similar device within the living space. Once the rescue team confirms the presence of shelter 1, they remove the protective means 19 and restrictive means 40, and then lift the shelter body 2 using a crane (not shown). This allows the shelter body 2 to be moved upward away from the outer wall 3, enabling evacuees to be guided outside.

[0036] Furthermore, it is recommended that the shelter body 2 be installed inside the outer wall 3 such that its upper end is located below the protective means 19 and the upper end 13a of the outer wall 3. This ensures that the outer wall 3, supported by the ground or the like, can reliably protect the shelter body 2 from the pressure of the tsunami and the impact of debris and other flowing objects carried away by the tsunami.

[0037] In this embodiment, the outer wall section 3 is made of concrete, allowing it to withstand the pressure of tsunamis and collisions with debris, buildings, and ships swept away by tsunamis using a simple construction method. In contrast, the shelter body 2 is mainly made of plastic, allowing it to be made lightweight and reducing the external force required to lift it upwards. Because the outer wall section 3 and the shelter body 2 can be combined to form a simple structure, the shelter 1 can be quickly constructed in areas where tsunamis are a concern. In particular, plastic is easy to cut with a cutting machine, enabling rapid rescue operations. Furthermore, as mentioned above, it is also easy to maintain. [Examples]

[0038] Similar to Embodiment 1, the outer wall section 3 is fixed to the concrete foundation base plate 34 with fixing materials such as anchor bolts A to ensure its strength, and the annular outer wall section 3 is mainly composed of a combination of concrete segmented sections 333. In this embodiment, at least one of the segmented sections 333 has a communication opening 16 below the upright section 13. Alternatively, all segmented sections 333 may be the same, and the communication opening 16 may be formed between the segmented sections 333.

[0039] As shown in Figures 6 and 7, a cover body 23B made of metal or a similar material that is easy to process and has high strength is installed above the communication opening 16, and is secured to the upper end of the outer wall 3 by a locking part K. Side plates 23D extend vertically above and below, surrounding the evacuation passage 23A. A ladder 23C extending upward is provided inside the cover body 23B. In this way, a passage 23A covered by the cover body 23B is formed on the outer wall 3 outside the shelter body 2, and the cover body 23B prevents the passage from being blocked by rubble or damaged, so that a person can climb up to the upper end of the outer wall 3 by using the ladder 3C provided on the outer wall 3.

[0040] Although embodiments of the present invention have been described above with reference to the drawings, the specific configurations are not limited to these embodiments, and any changes or additions that do not depart from the spirit of the present invention are also included.

[0041] The exterior wall portion of the above embodiment is not limited to being supported by a base plate made of exposed concrete poured on the ground surface or a base plate 34 made of concrete poured into the ground, but may also be supported and fixed to an existing structure such as the ground or the roof of a building with anchor bolts. Furthermore, it is possible to use the strength of the breakwater wall of the quay as the strength of the exterior wall portion and construct a tsunami shelter close to the breakwater.

[0042] Furthermore, the exterior wall portion is not limited to being made of reinforced concrete, but may also be made of metal or synthetic resin, for example. That is, instead of the concrete exterior wall portion (divided portion) 333, the exterior wall portion 3 may be made of metal plate exterior wall portion (divided portion) 333 or synthetic resin exterior wall portion (divided portion) 333. Similarly, the shelter body is not limited to plastic, but may also be made of metal such as aluminum, and if a light-transmitting material such as PP or PC is used, the upper part of the exterior wall portion is open, allowing external light to enter the shelter.

[0043] Furthermore, the shelter body and outer wall are not limited to being approximately circular in shape when viewed from above; for example, they may be elliptical or rectangular, and the shelter body and outer wall are not limited to being identical in shape when viewed from above.

[0044] Furthermore, the structure of the shelter body 2 is not limited as long as at least the upper part is sealed and a living space is secured inside. For example, multiple entrances may be formed below the living space. Also, providing doors at each opening is effective in preventing the intrusion of rubble and water. [Explanation of symbols]

[0045] 1 Shelter 2. Shelter body 3 Exterior wall 3A aisle 3a Top opening 3B Cover 3C ladder 4 floorboards 5. Cylindrical part 6 Entrance / exit 7 Peripheral wall 7a Bottom end 8 aperture 9. Convex part 12 Hanging branch 13 Standing part 14 Flange section 15 Approach Section 16 connecting ports 17 Support part 19 Protective measures 20 aperture 333,333a External wall (divided body) 34 Bottom plate (foundation) 23A aisle 23B Cover Body 23C ladder 23D side plate 33 Specific part 40 Regulatory measures K Locking part S Living space Anchor AA support bracket B bolt

Claims

1. The shelter comprises a main body that is sealed at least at its upper level to secure a living space inside, and an outer wall that surrounds the main body to interfere with the mechanical effects on the main body caused by water and flowing objects generated by a tsunami, A tsunami shelter characterized in that the outer wall portion has a communication opening that connects the inside and outside of the outer wall portion, and a specific portion located on the opposite side of the communication opening is constructed with a higher strength than at least the portions on both sides of the specific portion.

2. The tsunami shelter according to claim 1, characterized in that at least the outer surface of the specified portion of the outer wall is formed in a substantially rounded shape when viewed from above.

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