Electrical feedthrough

Abstract

It provides a tight electrical feedthrough even after welding or brazing of the connecting pins. [Solution] An electrical feedthrough (1) is provided, comprising a base (10) having an opening, and a connecting pin (14) that is led through an opening (11) provided in the base (10) and held by a fixing material (12) that seals the opening (11), wherein the fixing material (12) is a glass material, a glass ceramic material, or a ceramic. Furthermore, the connecting pin (14) has or consists of a core (15), the core (15) being directly adjacent to the fixing material (12) and consisting of a copper material, the copper material having a strength of at least 150 N / mm² in an annealed state after the formation of the electrical feedthrough (1). 2 It has been identified as having a 0.2% yield strength.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to an electrical feedthrough comprising a substrate having a through-opening and a connecting pin disposed within the through-opening and held electrically insulated within the through-opening via a fixing material. Further aspects of the present invention relate to an electrical energy storage device, an electrical connector, and an electrically driven compressor, each comprising at least one such feedthrough.

[0002] Background technology Housings for electrical or electronic components typically require numerous electrical feedthroughs to allow electrical connections from the outside to the inside of the housing. These electrical feedthroughs must be liquid-tight or even airtight to protect the components within the housing from the surrounding environment and / or to retain gases or liquids inside the housing. To obtain such liquid-tight or airtight feedthroughs for electrical conductors located within openings in a substrate, metal-fixed material feedthroughs may be used. The substrate may be the housing or part of the housing. In this case, a fixed material, such as glass, is used to seal the opening and retain the conductor within the opening. The fixed material is also used for electrical insulation between the conductor and the substrate.

[0003] Such electrical feedthroughs are used, for example, in housings for electrical energy storage devices, such as batteries or capacitors, or in housings for electrically driven compressors (E-compressors) within the electrical feedthrough. Especially in applications where high currents flow through the electrical feedthrough, materials with high conductivity are preferred for the connecting pins. Copper and many copper alloys have high conductivity.

[0004] In accordance with International Publication No. 2018 / 114392, an electrical feedthrough comprising a substrate made of a light metal, such as aluminum, is known. A connecting pin, which is guided through an opening in the substrate, may be made of copper or a copper alloy and is held within the opening via a glass or glass-ceramic material.

[0005] However, in electrical feedthroughs known from the prior art, which have connecting pins made of copper or conventional copper alloys, a problem arises in that the electrical feedthrough becomes unsealed when the electrical contacts are connected to the connecting pins by welding or brazing.

[0006] Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide an electrical feedthrough that remains tight even after welding or brazing of the connecting pins.

[0007] Disclosure of the invention An electrical feedthrough is proposed, comprising a substrate having an opening and a connecting pin, the connecting pin being guided through an opening in the substrate and held by a fixing material that seals the opening, wherein the fixing material is a glass material, a glass-ceramic material, or a ceramic.

[0008] Furthermore, the connecting pin has or consists of a core, which is directly adjacent to the fixing material and is made of copper material, which has an annealed state of at least 150 N / mm² after the formation of the electrical feedthrough. 2 Preferably at least 200 N / mm 2 Particularly preferred is at least 300 N / mm 2 It has been specified to have a yield strength of 0.2%. Suitable copper materials have a maximum yield strength of 500 N / mm 2 Or even better, up to 600 N / mm 2 It has a 0.2% yield strength.

[0009] In this case, copper material specifically refers to a material that is mostly composed of copper, and more particularly contains more than 50% by weight of copper, preferably more than 75% by weight, and especially preferably more than 85% by weight of copper.

[0010] In electrical feedthroughs with connecting pins made of copper or conventional copper alloys, a problem arises where the properties of the copper or copper alloy change after the temperature treatment required when forming metal-fixed material type feedthroughs, including glass or glass-ceramic materials. 2 In conventional copper alloys with a sufficient 0.2% yield strength, after heat treatment to form a metal-fixed material type feedthrough, the 0.2% yield strength is 150 N / mm². 2 It will drop to a value less than that.

[0011] The 0.2% yield stress is the (uniaxial) mechanical stress at which the elongation remaining after unloading is exactly 0.2% of the initial length of the specimen. The 0.2% yield stress is measured by known methods. The 0.2% yield stress can be easily determined by a tensile test. Such a tensile test is, for example, a tensile test in accordance with ISO 6892-1:2020-06 to determine the yield stress Rp0.2. Tensile tests of metals in accordance with ISO 6892 are usually performed on a universal testing machine / tensile testing machine.

[0012] After annealing or temperature treatment to form an electrical feedthrough, the 0.2% yield strength is 150 N / mm². 2Falling below the value poses a problem. This is because a material with a yield strength of only 0.2% can easily undergo plastic deformation. However, as a result of the plastic deformation of the connection pins that occurs after the formation of the electrical feedthrough, the electrical feedthrough becomes leaky. Such plastic deformation has been observed particularly in known electrical feedthroughs with connection pins made of copper or conventional copper alloys, especially when the electrical feedthrough is subjected to non-uniform heating. Such non-uniform heating occurs particularly when electrical connectors, such as connection lugs and conductors, are attached to the connection pins by welding or brazing. By welding, the connection pins are strongly heated, while the glass material or glass-ceramic material has poor heat conductivity and thus remains at a low temperature. While the material of the connection pins expands based on the heating, the remaining components of the electrical feedthrough are hardly heated and maintain their dimensions sufficiently. The fixing material surrounding the connection pins acts against the expansion of the connection pins and correspondingly applies a pressing force to the connection pins. When the deformation caused by the pressing force reaches the plastic range, the shape of the connection pins is continuously changed. After cooling, the connection pins shrink again, and in this case, due to the continuous plastic shape change, cracks occur between the fixing material and the connection pins. This causes the electrical feedthrough to become leaky.

[0013] According to the present invention, if the copper material of the connection pins is selected such that it has a yield strength of at least 150 N / mm 2 even after the heat treatment for forming the electrical feedthrough, the deformation that occurs during non-uniform heating, such as during the welding of an electrical contact, is within the elastic range and thus not persistent. After cooling the connection pins, the connection pins regain their original dimensions, and thereby the feedthrough according to the present invention remains leak-tight.

[0014] The formed metal-fixing material type feedthrough is preferably airtight, and in this case, at a pressure difference of 1 bar, less than 1·10 -7 mbar l / s, preferably 1·10 -8A feedthrough with a He leakage rate of less than mbar l / s is considered airtight. The feedthrough remains airtight, in particular, even after one or more heatings of the connection pin to temperatures above 500°C, preferably above 550°C, and especially preferably above 600°C.

[0015] Preferably, the copper material is a dispersion-hardened copper material, particularly an ODS (oxide dispersion-strengthened) copper material. Such ODS materials are excellent in terms of high strength and good corrosion resistance even at high temperatures. Due to the finely dispersed oxides, the ODS material has no potential for diffusion even at extremely high temperatures, thereby preventing grain boundaries from moving to lower thermodynamically energetic states. These properties are based on oxide dispersions that are uniformly dispersed within the matrix, typically only a few nanometers in size.

[0016] In particular, with this dispersion-hardening copper material, recrystallization does not occur at temperatures up to 900°C, that is, temperatures near the melting point of copper (1083°C). Such recrystallization occurs in copper or conventional copper alloys at the latest after 550°C, leading to strength loss and a reduction of 0.2% yield strength.

[0017] Preferably, the copper material contains at least 95% by weight, preferably at least 98% by weight, and particularly preferably at least 99% by weight of copper, and additionally contains at least 0.1% by weight, preferably at least 0.5% by weight, and particularly preferably at least 0.6% by weight of Al2O3 and / or at least 0.03% by weight of boron. The proportion of Al2O3 is preferably up to 2% by weight.

[0018] Further preferred copper materials have a load capacity of at least 150 N / mm² after sealing. 2 This is a copper alloy having a 0.2% proof stress. Preferably, this copper alloy is selected from Cu-Al2O3, CuBe, especially CuBe2, CuCr, especially CuCr1Zr, CuCoNiBe, especially CuCo1NiBe, CuZr, CuNiSi, especially CuNi2Si, and CuNiSiCr, especially CuNi2SiCr.

[0019] The substrate of the electrical feedthrough may be formed as a housing or part of a housing. This housing may in particular be a housing for an electrical energy storage device, such as a battery or a capacitor, or a housing for an electrically driven compressor.

[0020] The material of the substrate is a metallic material. Preferably, a metallic material having a coefficient of thermal expansion that is at least as large as that of the fixing material and / or the copper material is selected.

[0021] The material of the substrate is preferably selected from light metals, light metal alloys, AlSiC, steels, in particular ferritic steel, austenitic steel or duplex steel, stainless steel, special steel, tool steel. The light metal or light metal alloy may advantageously be aluminum, an aluminum alloy, titanium, a titanium alloy, magnesium or a magnesium alloy. Preferably, the material of the substrate is selected from aluminum or an aluminum alloy or AlSiC. AlSiC has a matrix consisting of SiC infiltrated with Al.

[0022] Within the scope of the present disclosure, a light metal means a metal having a specific gravity of less than 5.0 kg / dm 3 In particular, the specific gravity of the light metal is in the range of 1.0 kg / dm 3 ~3.0 kg / dm 3 .

[0023] The fixing material is selected from a glass material or a glass ceramic material.

[0024] Suitable glasses include preferably industrial glasses, in particular oxide glasses, which have chemical resistance with respect to conventional materials associated with electrical energy storage devices.

[0025] In the case of industrial glass, the fixing material is, for example, aluminum phosphate glass containing Al2O3 and P2O5, aluminum borate glass containing Al2O3 and B2O3, or bismuth glass containing, for example, Bi2O3 as a glass-forming agent. Alternatively, glass containing lead oxide as a glass-forming agent, particularly glass consisting of the PbO-B2O3 system, or vanadium-containing glass may be used as the fixing material.

[0026] Examples of suitable glass include phosphated glass. Suitable phosphated glass that can be fused to the substrate and connecting pin metals at relatively low temperatures of 500°C to 650°C is known, for example, under International Publication No. 2012 / 110247.

[0027] To fabricate an electrical feedthrough, a fixing material or precursor material may be prepared in the form of a molded body. This molded body may, for example, have the shape of a hollow cylinder. To form the electrical feedthrough, a connecting pin is inserted into the hollow cylinder, and the hollow cylinder itself is inserted into an opening in the substrate. In this case, the connecting pin is inserted into the hollow cylinder such that the transition from the core to the covering material is located outside the fixing material. The connection of the fixing material to the walls of the opening and the walls of the connecting pin is performed by a temperature treatment. In the case of glass or glass ceramics, the fixing material is sealed to the metal material of the substrate and the connecting pin. The connection is made at a temperature above 500°C, preferably above 550°C, and particularly preferably above 600°C, and in this case, the temperature is maintained for a period of at least 10 minutes, preferably at least 15 minutes.

[0028] Accordingly, the copper material for the electrical feedthrough is annealed by temperature treatment, in which case this annealing is also carried out at a temperature of over 500°C, preferably over 550°C, and particularly preferably over 600°C, for a period of at least 10 minutes, preferably at least 15 minutes.

[0029] Preferably, the substrate, at least one conductor, and the fixing material form a metal-fixing material type feedthrough in the form of a compression seal. Accordingly, the first thermal expansion coefficient of the substrate is preferably selected to be greater than the second thermal expansion coefficient of the fixing material. To obtain a compression seal, it is desirable that the difference between the first and second thermal expansion coefficients be within a temperature range of 300K to 600K, preferably at least 3 ppm / K, and more preferably at least 5 ppm / K. The third thermal expansion coefficient of the conductor material of the connecting pin is preferably selected to be approximately equal to or less than the second thermal expansion coefficient of the fixing material. The two thermal expansion coefficients are considered approximately equal if the difference is less than 3 ppm / K.

[0030] As an alternative to compression seals, the substrate material, the fastening material, and the connecting pin material may be selected such that their respective coefficients of thermal expansion are approximately equal, in which case a difference of less than 3 ppm / K is considered approximately equal. In this variant, the substrate, connecting pin, and fastening material form a fitted metal-fastening material type feedthrough.

[0031] Preferably, the fixing material has a predetermined height, and the substrate has a predetermined thickness in the region adjacent to the through-opening, in which case, in the contact region between the substrate and the fixing material, the height of the fixing material is less than the thickness of the substrate. Particularly in relation to compression seals, it may be advantageous for the height of the fixing material to be less than the thickness of the substrate in the contact region, especially with respect to the contact region with respect to the substrate. Thus, the fixing material is recessed relative to the substrate on at least one side of the feedthrough, i.e., there is a displacement between the fixing material and the substrate. This means that a direct pressure peak at the contact portion between the substrate and the edge of the fixing material can be avoided or reduced. This reduces the risk of material damage to the fixing material. In an advantageous modification, the fixing material may be recessed on both sides of the feedthrough, i.e., both sides, preferably by the same amount.

[0032] In this advantageous configuration, the surface of the substrate adjacent to the through-opening protrudes beyond the fixing material on at least one side of the feedthrough. Thus, the substrate forms an overhang on one side or both sides of the feedthrough.

[0033] It may be advantageous for the difference between the height of the fixing material and the thickness of the substrate to be a total of up to 30%, preferably up to 26% or up to 24%. An advantageous lower limit for the difference may be 10%, 14%, or 16% in total, i.e., the height of the fixing material is, for example, 10–30% less in total than the thickness of the substrate. The difference may be distributed asymmetrically on both sides of the feedthrough. Advantageously, the difference is distributed symmetrically on both sides of the feedthrough, thereby the fixing material is recessed on each side by advantageously at least 5%, at least 7%, or at least 8%, and / or advantageously up to 15%, at least 13%, or at least 12%. Thus, in an advantageous feedthrough, there may be a misalignment between the substrate and the fixing material, in which case the fixing material is recessed on each side relative to the substrate by 5–15%, preferably 8–12%, in the region adjacent to the through-opening.

[0034] Preferably, the substrate and the connecting pin are configured and positioned such that one or both end faces of the connecting pin are flush with the surface of the substrate. If the substrate has regions of different thicknesses, it is preferable that the end faces terminate flush with the surface of the substrate adjacent to the through-opening. In particular, when combined with a fixing material that terminates flush with the surface of the substrate, this achieves a flat shape for the electrical feedthrough, and the feedthrough has, advantageously, the smallest possible structural height.

[0035] Alternatively, one or both end faces of the connecting pin may protrude beyond the surface of the substrate. This provides an elevated contact surface that allows for simple electrical contact connection of the connecting pin, for example, by welding the connecting lug.

[0036] An electrical feedthrough may have exactly one opening with exactly one connecting pin. However, depending on the use case of the electrical feedthrough, it may be possible to provide multiple openings in the substrate, each through which one connecting pin is routed. Alternatively, it may be specified that multiple connecting pins are routed through a single opening, in which case these connecting pins are held by a fixing material and electrically insulated from one another.

[0037] Preferably, connection pins provided for electrical feedthroughs and electrical energy storage devices have a length in the range of 2 mm to 8 mm, preferably 3 mm to 6 mm. The diameter of the connection pins is preferably in the range of 1 mm to 20 mm, preferably 2 mm to 10 mm. Preferably, connection pins provided as connection terminals for electrical feedthroughs, E-compressors, or connectors have a length in the range of 10 mm to 80 mm, preferably 20 mm to 60 mm. The diameter of the connection pins is preferably in the range of 1 mm to 10 mm, preferably 2 mm to 5 mm.

[0038] The connecting pin preferably has a cylindrical shape. Advantageously, the connecting pin may have a cylindrical body or exist as a cylindrical body, thereby having one circumferential surface and two end faces. In this case, the circumferential surface of the cylinder faces the fastening material. Particularly preferable, the connecting pin has a cylindrical shape. In addition to the cylindrical shape, general cylindrical shapes with other end face shapes are also possible. For example, an elliptical or square shape with rounded corners is possible. Furthermore, the connecting pin may have a so-called nail-head shape, which may be formed, for example, by two adjacent cylinders. In this case, the first end face of such a nail-head connecting pin is formed by a cylinder end face having a relatively large surface, and the second end face is formed by a cylinder end face having a relatively small surface.

[0039] Preferably, the connecting pin is partially or completely covered with a conductive coating material at least one end face.

[0040] The covering material may be applied to the end face of the connecting pin by, for example, plating, electroplating, coating, vapor deposition, welding, or brazing.

[0041] Preferably, the coating material is selected from the group including aluminum, aluminum alloys, AlSiC, copper, copper alloys, molybdenum, nickel or nickel alloys, palladium, silver, and gold.

[0042] The thickness or length of the covering material is advantageously 50% to 5%, preferably 40% to 10%, and particularly preferably 30% to 20% of the length of the connecting pin. The thickness or length of the covering material is advantageously 50% or less, preferably up to 45%, preferably up to 40%, preferably up to 30%, and in many advantageous variations, may be up to 25%, 20%, or 15%. An advantageous lower limit for the thickness or length of the covering material is at least 5%, or at least 10%, preferably at least 20%, and in many advantageous variations, may be at least 25%.

[0043] If the connecting pins are provided with covering material on both end faces, the covering materials may be the same or different. Particularly in cases where the electrical feedthrough is formed as part of a cover or housing for an electrical energy storage device, for example, a material resistant to the electrolyte contained inside may be selected for the inward-facing surface, and a different material, such as aluminum or an aluminum alloy, may be selected for the outer surface.

[0044] In this case, the covering material may completely cover each end face, or it may only cover a portion of them.

[0045] Preferably, the core of the connecting pin is formed as a sleeve element having a through-opening. Such a through-opening may be particularly closable and may be used, for example, as a filling opening for filling the housing with an electrolyte when manufacturing an electrical energy storage device.

[0046] Preferably, the connecting pin has a closing element that closes a through-opening provided in the sleeve element of the connecting pin.

[0047] Preferably, the closing element is connected to the sleeve element at one end face of the sleeve element. Alternatively or additionally, the closing element is preferably connected to the sleeve element at the wall of the through-opening. Accordingly, the closing element may be formed in a lid shape and cover the through-opening. The closing element may be formed in a plug shape and engage with the inside of the through-opening. In this case, a mixed form of the closing element is also possible.

[0048] Preferably, the closing element is made of copper, a copper alloy, aluminum, or an aluminum alloy, at least on the surface adjacent to the sleeve element. As part of the connecting pin, the closing element may have a covering material on one or both end faces.

[0049] Furthermore, an intermediate material may be placed on the surface of the closing element facing the sleeve element and / or on the surface of the sleeve element facing the closing element. This intermediate material may be applied to the end face of the sleeve element or the end face of the closing element, similar to the coating material, by, for example, plating, electroplating, coating, vapor deposition, welding or brazing.

[0050] The intermediate material provided in the closing element or sleeve element is preferably selected so that it can be well connected to the other element by welding or brazing. In particular, the intermediate material may be selected to be the same material as the closing element or sleeve element. For example, in the case of a closing element made of aluminum, the sleeve element may have aluminum as the intermediate material.

[0051] The connection pins may be connected to connection pads and / or connection lugs.

[0052] Such connecting lugs may be, for example, thin metal sheets or metal foils connected to connecting pins by welding or brazing. In this case, the material of the connecting lug may be the same as or different from the material of the connecting pins.

[0053] Such connection pads are electrically connected to the connection pins, for example by adhesive, welding, or brazing, and provide an enlarged electrical contact surface relative to the end face of the connection pin. The connection pads are preferably connected to the substrate and / or fixing material via an electrically insulating material. The material of the connection pads is preferably selected to be the same as the material of the core of the connection pin or the coating material of the connection pin.

[0054] In order for a connecting pad to be electrically connected to a connecting pin, the two are positioned closely adjacent to each other. Preferably, the portion of the connecting pin that protrudes beyond a through-opening in the base engages with an opening in the connecting pad, in which case the opening in the connecting pad may be formed as a through-opening or a blind hole. To enable a good connection between at least one connecting pad and a connecting pin, it is preferable that the connecting pin protrudes at least 0.1 mm to 2 mm, and particularly preferably 0.2 mm to 1 mm, beyond the through-opening and thus the base. Preferably, at least one connecting pad is electrically insulatingly attached to the base as an insulating material over its entire surface using an adhesive or casting material.

[0055] After temperature treatment, at least 150 N / mm 2The selection of a copper material having a 0.2% yield strength according to the present invention allows the electrical feedthrough connection pins to be heated multiple times without the electrical feedthrough becoming non-tight. For example, an electrical feedthrough having a through-opening in the connection pin may be heated once to connect the battery or capacitor electrodes with the inwardly oriented side, a second time to close the through-opening with a closure element, and a third time to connect the connection lug or connection pad to the connection pin with the outwardly oriented side. The electrical feedthrough according to the present invention remains tight, and in particular airtight, even after such multiple non-uniform heatings.

[0056] In particular, to avoid damage to the sealing material after sealing, such as glass or glass-ceramic material, due to temperature effects, it may be advantageous for the substrate to have a flexible flange for joining the substrate to further components, such as the components of the housing. The flange itself includes a region for connecting the further components to the substrate, a so-called connection region. The connection to the substrate may be performed by welding, especially ultrasonic welding, or by brazing. The welded connection is preferably well gastight, and preferably with a pressure difference of 1 bar. -8 The procedure is carried out to ensure that a He leakage rate of less than mbar l / sec is provided.

[0057] Flexible flanges can be obtained very easily. For example, the base may be formed as a thin metal sheet member having a thickness d2, and this thin metal sheet member may be stamped to a thickness d1, and after stamping, the section having a thickness d1 may be deformed to form a flexible flange. In this case, the initial thickness d2 is maintained around the opening region, thereby reinforcing the region adjacent to the opening. Alternatively, a thin metal sheet having a thickness d1 may be formed to create a flexible flange, and a collar formed by the raised thin metal sheet or deformation of the thin metal sheet may accommodate the sealing portion. Sealing of the raised flexible flange, and especially the collar of this flexible flange, is possible, in particular, when the flexible flange and the raised region include austenitic steel or duplex steel as materials.

[0058] In an advantageous embodiment, the substrate may be provided with a deloading mechanism in place of or in addition to the flexible flange. This deloading mechanism may advantageously comprise at least one groove or recess, preferably at least one annular groove or recess. Instead of a groove, a series of adjacent notches may be provided.

[0059] The unloading mechanism can reduce the heat flow through the substrate, that is, it can provide an insulating layer and / or reduce the mechanical load acting on the substrate perpendicular to the axis of the connecting pin. This is because the substrate becomes deformable, preferably reversibly deformable, in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the connecting pin. As a result, the stress acting on the fixed material, and consequently the stress reducing the compression on this fixed material, is hardly applied to the fixed material, and especially tensile stress is not applied at all, thereby improving the sealing performance of the feedthrough when thermal and mechanical loads are applied.

[0060] In a particularly advantageous first variant, the unloading mechanism, in particular the groove or recess, is located on a first surface of the electrical feedthrough that is oriented outward during the formation of the housing. In a particularly advantageous alternative second variant, the unloading mechanism, in particular the groove or recess, is located on a second surface of the electrical feedthrough that is oriented inward during the formation of the housing. In a particularly advantageous third variant, the unloading mechanism comprises at least two grooves or recesses located on opposite surfaces of the substrate.

[0061] The electrical feedthroughs described herein are particularly suitable for use in housings for electrical energy storage devices, electrical connectors, and housings for electrically driven compressors.

[0062] Accordingly, a further aspect of the present invention is to provide an electrical storage device, in particular a battery or capacitor, comprising a housing having at least one of the electrical feedthroughs described herein.

[0063] In this example, the substrate is formed in particular as a housing member for forming a housing for an electrical storage device. For example, the substrate may be formed as a lid member, and this lid member may be joined together with a cup-shaped housing member to form a housing for an electrical storage device. However, the substrate may also be a component of a lid or lid member by being inserted into an opening formed in the lid element. The electrical storage device may be a battery or a capacitor including a supercapacitor, in which case one or more storage cells are usually housed in the housing and may be electrically contacted from the outside as connection terminals via an electrical feedthrough. The feedthrough may be formed as a multi-pole feedthrough in which the substrate has multiple through-openings, and one connection pin is held in each through-opening via a fixing material.

[0064] Typically, housings for energy storage devices are equipped with safety features such as safety valves and / or target ruptures to control and reduce internal overpressure. Preferably, electrical feedthroughs have such safety features. For this purpose, it is preferable to select an extrusion force for a connecting pin, which is held in place by a fixing material, so that the pin is pushed out when the force exceeds a preset extrusion force. Such adaptations of extrusion forces are known, for example, under German Utility Model No. 202020106518.

[0065] Preferably, the fixing material and the connection portion of the fixing material to the wall of the through-opening and the connecting pin are formed such that a safety valve function is provided via a preset extrusion force, in which case the preset extrusion force is provided by the following means: a. Select the thickness of the seal. b. Select the fixing material. c. Select the percentage of air bubbles in the fixing material. d. Structuring the surface of the fixing material by adjusting the shape of the fixed material molded body before sealing. e. Structure the surface of the fixing material during sealing. f. After sealing, the surface of the fixing material is laser-processed. g. Machine a notch or taper on one or both sides of the fixing material, and / or h. Machine a notch or taper into the connecting pin and / or base: It is adjusted by one or more of the following means.

[0066] Furthermore, an electrically driven compressor is proposed, comprising a housing having at least one of the electrical feedthroughs described herein. In this electrically driven compressor, the electrical feedthrough is formed, for example, as a connection terminal and preferably has an elongated plate-shaped substrate. This substrate preferably has a plurality of openings, through which each of these openings is guided a single connection pin in the form of an electrical conductor.

[0067] Furthermore, an electrical connector having at least one of the electrical feedthroughs described herein is proposed.

[0068] The present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the drawings, without limitation. Note that the same reference numerals represent the same or similar elements. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0069] [Figure 1] This figure shows an example of an electrical feedthrough with only one connection pin. [Figure 2] This figure shows an example of an electrical feedthrough with three connected pins that are driven through. [Figure 3] This figure shows an example of an electrical feedthrough with a connecting pin plated on one side. [Figure 4] This figure shows an example of an electrical feedthrough with plated connecting pins on both sides. [Figure 5] This figure shows an example of an electrical feedthrough with a connecting pin that is plated on both sides and protrudes beyond the substrate. [Figure 6] This figure shows an example of an electrical feedthrough with a connecting pin having a through-hole. [Figure 7] This figure shows an example of an electrical feedthrough with a connecting pin having a through-opening and a closing element. [Figure 8] This figure shows an example of an electrical feedthrough with a connecting pin that has a plated closing element on one side. [Figure 9] This figure shows an example of an electrical feedthrough with a connecting pin having plated closure elements on both sides. [Figure 10] This figure shows an example of an electrical feedthrough with a connecting pad connected to a connecting pin. [Figure 11]This figure shows an example of an electrical feedthrough with a connecting pin plated on one side and a contact lug connected to this connecting pin. [Figure 12] This figure shows an example of an electrical feedthrough with a lid-like closing element. [Figure 13] This figure shows a further example of an electrical feedthrough with a connecting pin having a through-hole. [Figure 14] This figure shows a further example of an electrical feedthrough with a lid-like closing element. [Figure 15] This figure shows an example of an electrical feedthrough with a substrate equipped with a flexible flange. [Figure 16] This figure shows an example of an electrical feedthrough with a substrate equipped with a load removal mechanism.

[0070] Figure 1 schematically shows a first embodiment of an electrical feedthrough 1. This electrical feedthrough 1 comprises a substrate 10 having an opening 11. A connecting pin 14 is guided through the opening 11, which in this embodiment consists of a solid, one-piece core 15 and is held within the opening 11 via a fixing material 12. In this case, the fixing material 12 seals the opening 11 to the wall of the opening 11 and the connecting pin 14, thereby sealing the opening 11 with the fixing material 12. The fixing material 12, which is a glass material, a glass-ceramic material, or a ceramic material, is fused to the surface of the opening 11 of the substrate 10 and the surface of the connecting pin 14. To achieve this, an untreated assembly consisting of the substrate 10, a fixing material intermediate product, and a connecting pin 14 is subjected to temperature treatment in a furnace, during which the untreated assembly is exposed to a temperature above the melting temperature of the fixing material, in this case the melting temperature is typically above 500°C or even 600°C.

[0071] In the first embodiment shown in Figure 1, the connecting pin 14 is integrally formed and solid, and after a temperature treatment for fusing the fixing material, it is subjected to a temperature of at least 150 N / mm². 2It is made of a copper material having a yield strength of 0.2%. The material selected for the connecting pin 14 in this way is resistant to plastic deformation even after temperature treatment. This is advantageous when the electrical feedthrough 1 is heated unevenly, in which case the connecting pin 14 is heated while the fixing material 12 and the base 10 remain at a low temperature. This may occur, for example, when brazing or welding electrical contacts to the connecting pin 14. Heating of the connecting pin 14 causes it to expand, in which case the unheated fixing material 12 applies pressure to the connecting pin 14. 150 N / mm 2 When using a material with a yield strength of less than 0.2%, the pressing force causes plastic deformation of the connecting pin 14. After the subsequent cooling of the connecting pin 14 as the material shrinks again, a gap is created between the fixing material 12 and the connecting pin 14 after the deformation of the connecting pin 14, resulting in poor electrical feedthrough. With the material selection according to the present invention, plastic deformation does not occur when the connecting pin 14 is heated, and as a result, the electrical feedthrough 1 remains tight after cooling.

[0072] In the first embodiment, the connecting pin 14 is formed flush with the base 10 and the fixing material 12. However, in another embodiment, the connecting pin 14 may protrude beyond the base 14 on one or both sides. The fixing material 12 may be recessed relative to the base 10. If the connecting pin 14 protrudes beyond the base 10, the fixing material may also partially protrude beyond the base 10.

[0073] Figure 2 shows a second embodiment of the electrical feedthrough 1, in which the substrate 10 has a plurality of openings 11. Each of these openings 11 is led through a connecting pin 14, which in this embodiment consists of a core 15 in the form of an elongated electrical conductor. This core is made of copper material, as described in relation to Figure 1. Each connecting pin 14 is held in place within the opening 11 via a fixing material 12, in which case the fixing material 12 seals each opening 11. In the example shown in Figure 2, the electrical feedthrough 1 has three led connecting pins 14. However, the number of connecting pins may, of course, be adapted according to the required number of electrical contacts, so that, for example, two or five connecting pins 14 may be led through.

[0074] The second embodiment shown in Figure 2 is particularly suitable for use as a connection terminal for electrically driven compressors.

[0075] Figure 3 shows a third embodiment of the electrical feedthrough 1. This third embodiment corresponds to the first embodiment described in relation to Figure 1, except that the connecting pin 14 has a core 15, and this core 15 is covered with a covering material 16 on one end face. This covering material 16 is different from the copper material of the core 15. The covering material 16 may be selected, for example, to ensure good brazing or welding compatibility with the electrical connection. For example, aluminum or an aluminum alloy is selected as the covering material 16.

[0076] Figure 4 shows a fourth embodiment of the electrical feedthrough 1. This fourth embodiment corresponds to the third embodiment described in relation to Figure 3, except that the connecting pin 14 has a core 15, which is covered with a covering material 16 on a first end face and with a further covering material 18 on a second end face. The covering material 16 and the further covering material 18 are different from the copper material of the core. The further covering material 18 may be selected, for example, to ensure good brazing or welding capability with the electrical connection. In cases where the electrical feedthrough 1 is formed as a battery cover or as part of a battery cover, the further covering material may be selected to have particularly high resistance to the electrolyte contained in the battery. For example, aluminum or an aluminum alloy is selected as the further covering material 18.

[0077] Figure 5 shows a fifth embodiment of the electrical feedthrough 1. This fifth embodiment corresponds to the fourth embodiment described in relation to Figure 4, except that the core 15 of the connecting pin 14 is not formed flush with the substrate 10, but protrudes beyond the surface of the substrate 10 on both sides of the electrical feedthrough 1.

[0078] Figure 6 shows a sixth embodiment of the electrical feedthrough 1. This electrical feedthrough 1 comprises a base 10 having an opening 11. A connecting pin 14 is guided through the opening 11, which in this embodiment consists of an integrated core 15, which is formed as a sleeve element 21 and has a through opening 22. The connecting pin 14 is inserted into the opening 11 of the base 10 and held in place via a fixing material 12. In this case, the fixing material 12 seals the wall of the opening 11 and the connecting pin 14, thereby sealing the opening 11. In this case, the through opening 22 remains open, and in this case, the through opening 22 may be closed via a closing element 20 (see Figure 7).

[0079] If the electrical feedthrough 1 is formed in or as part of the battery cover, the through-opening 22 can be used, for example, as a filling opening, thereby allowing the battery to be filled with electrolyte.

[0080] Figure 7 shows a seventh embodiment for electrical feedthrough 1. This seventh embodiment corresponds to the sixth embodiment described in relation to Figure 6, except that in this embodiment, the through-opening 22 provided in the core 15 formed as a sleeve element 21 is not open. In this embodiment, the connecting pin 14 additionally has a closing element 20 that seals the through-opening 22.

[0081] In the example shown in Figure 7, the closing element 20 is formed as a single, solid unit and may be made of copper material, similar to the core 15. This copper material may be the same as the copper material of the core. Alternatively, a different copper material or another material, such as aluminum or an aluminum alloy, may be selected. In this embodiment, the closing element is formed similarly to a plug and is attached to the wall of the through-opening 22, for example, by welding, brazing, or adhesive.

[0082] Figure 8 shows an eighth embodiment of the electrical feedthrough 1, which is substantially equivalent to the seventh embodiment described in relation to Figure 7. In the embodiment of Figure 8, the closure element 20 additionally has a covering material 16 positioned on one end face. This covering material 16 is selected to be different from the material of the closure element 20. The covering material 16 may be selected, for example, to ensure good brazing or welding capability with the electrical connection. For example, aluminum or an aluminum alloy is selected as the covering material 16, and copper is selected as the material for the closure element 20.

[0083] Figure 9 shows a ninth embodiment of the electrical feedthrough 1, which is substantially equivalent to the eighth embodiment described in relation to Figure 8. However, the closing element 20 is covered on both end faces, with a covering material 16 on the first end face and a further covering material 18 on the second end face. The covering materials 16 and 18 may be selected identically or differently. In particular, the further covering material 18 may be selected to be resistant to the medium contained in the battery, especially the electrolyte, if the electrical feedthrough 1 is formed as part of a battery cover or battery housing.

[0084] Figure 10 shows a schematic diagram of the tenth embodiment of the electrical feedthrough 1.

[0085] This electrical feedthrough 1 comprises a substrate 10 having an opening 11. A connecting pin 14 is guided through the opening 11, which, as in the first embodiment, consists of a solid, one-piece core 15 and is held within the opening 11 via a fixing material 12. In this case, the fixing material 12 seals the opening 11 to the walls of the opening 11 and the connecting pin 14, thereby sealing the opening 11 with the fixing material 12. The fixing material 12, which is a glass material, a glass-ceramic material, or a ceramic material, is fused to the surface of the opening 11 of the substrate 10 and to the surface of the connecting pin 14.

[0086] In the example shown in Figure 10, the connecting pin 14 protrudes beyond the substrate 10 on both sides, in which case the fixing material 12 is formed flush with the substrate 10. An additional connecting pad 26 is provided on the first side, which is oriented outward, for example, when the electrical feedthrough 1 is used as a battery cover or as part of a battery cover. This connecting pad 26 is electrically connected to the connecting pin 14 and is additionally held to the fixing material 12 and the substrate 10 via an insulating material 24. The insulating material 24 may be, for example, an adhesive. The connection of the connecting pad 26 to the connecting pin 14 may be made, for example, by brazing or welding, particularly laser welding. The connecting pad 26 may be made of the same material as the connecting pin 14, although a different material may be selected as an alternative. The surface area provided for electrical contact connection is advantageously expanded via the connecting pad 25.

[0087] Figure 11 schematically shows an eleventh embodiment of the electrical feedthrough 1, which is substantially equivalent to the eighth embodiment described in relation to Figure 8. In this embodiment, the electrical feedthrough 1 additionally has a connection lug 28, which is connected to the covering material 16 of the connection pin 14, for example, by brazing or welding. In this case, the material of the connection lug 28 is preferably selected to be the same as the covering material 16. The connection lug 28 facilitates electrical contact connection of the electrical feedthrough 1.

[0088] Figure 12 shows a twelfth embodiment for electrical feedthrough 1. This twelfth embodiment corresponds to the sixth embodiment described in relation to Figure 6, except that in this embodiment the through-opening 22 provided in the core 15 formed as a sleeve element 21 is not open. In this embodiment, the connecting pin 14 additionally has a closing element 20 that seals the through-opening 22. Unlike the seventh embodiment in Figure 7, this closing element 20 is formed in a lid shape and does not engage with the through-opening 22 of the core 15 formed as a sleeve element 21. The lid-shaped closing element 20 is connected to the sleeve element 21 only at one end face of the sleeve element 21, for example by welding or brazing.

[0089] The closure element 20 further has a covering material 16 selected to be different from the material of the closure element 20. The material of the closure element is preferably copper, in which case this copper material may be the same as the copper material of the core 15. The covering material 16 is, for example, aluminum or an aluminum alloy.

[0090] Figure 13 schematically shows a thirteenth embodiment for electrical feedthrough 1. This thirteenth embodiment is similar to the sixth embodiment described in relation to Figure 6. Unlike this sixth embodiment, the core 15 is provided with an intermediate material 19 on one end face, for example, by coating or plating. This intermediate material 19 is selected to be different from the material of the core 15 and may be, for example, aluminum or an aluminum alloy. In further variations, the core 15 may be provided with the intermediate material 19 on both end faces.

[0091] Figure 14 schematically shows a 14th embodiment for electrical feedthrough 1. This 14th embodiment is substantially equivalent to the 13th embodiment described in relation to Figure 13. However, in this embodiment, the connecting pin 14 additionally has a closure element 20. The core 15 has an intermediate material 19 at the end face facing the closure element 20. Preferably, both the material for the closure element 20 and the intermediate material 19 are selected from aluminum and aluminum alloy, so that the materials can be well joined to each other by welding or brazing.

[0092] In addition to the variations of the closing element 20 shown in Figures 7 and 8 and Figures 12 and 14, further configurations are possible. For example, the plug-shaped configuration in Figures 7 and 8 may be combined with the lid-shaped configuration in Figures 12 and 14, so that the closing element 20 is adjacent to the sleeve element 21 on one end face or on the wall of the through opening 22.

[0093] Figure 15 shows a further embodiment of the electrical feedthrough 1, which is formed similarly to the first embodiment in Figure 1, but in this case the base body 10 additionally includes a flexible flange 30 that can connect the base body 10 to a further element, such as a further component of the housing. This flexible flange 30 is obtained, for example, by deformation of the base body 10 and has a transition region having a width W, within which a thin section of the base body 10 transitions to a sealing section having a thickness d2 greater than the thickness d1 of the thin section of the base body 10. Because the base body 10 is flexible and bendable in the transition region, the area having the opening 11 is mechanically separated by the flexible flange 30. Accordingly, mechanical stress in another part of the housing is not transmitted to the fixed material 12. Furthermore, the thickness d2 within the sealing section can be freely selected from a wide range, thereby allowing the sealing length to be adjusted without being dependent on other dimensions of the base 10 or the housing containing the base 10.

[0094] Figure 16 shows an electrical feedthrough 1 in which a load removal mechanism is provided on the base body 10, and this load removal mechanism is formed in the figure as, for example, a recessed portion or groove 31, preferably an annular groove or annular recessed portion.

[0095] The base body 10 has a reinforced region having a width W, which is adjacent to the opening 11. Within the reinforced region, the base body 10 has an increased thickness d2. Outside the reinforced region, the base body 10 has a smaller thickness d1.

[0096] In the example shown in Figure 16, the groove 31 of the unloading mechanism is located, for example, on the outward-facing surface of the electrical feedthrough 1 during the formation of the housing. Naturally, the groove 31 may also be located on the other surface of the housing. Alternatively, two grooves 31 or recesses located on opposite surfaces of the base 10 may be used as the unloading mechanism. Instead of grooves 31, a series of adjacent notches may be provided.

[0097] The unloading mechanism reduces the heat flow through the base 10, that is, it provides insulation and / or reduces the mechanical load on the base 10 perpendicular to the axis of the connecting pin 14. This is because the base 10 becomes deformable, preferably reversibly deformable, in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the connecting pin 14. As a result, the stress acting on the fixing material 12, and consequently the stress reducing the compression on the fixing material 12, is hardly applied to the fixing material 12, and especially no tensile stress is applied at all, thereby ensuring the sealing of the feedthrough 1 when thermal and mechanical loads are applied.

[0098] The embodiments of the substrate 10 shown in Figures 15 and 16 may be applied in particular to variations of the electrical feedthrough 1 shown in Figures 2 to 14.

[0099] Although the present invention has been described based on several preferred embodiments, the present invention is not limited to these and can be modified in various ways. [Explanation of Symbols]

[0100] 1. Electrical feedthrough 10 Base 11 Aperture 12 Fixed material 14 connection pins 15 cores 16. Covering materials 18 Further coating materials 19 Intermediate materials 20 Closure elements 21 Sleeve Elements 22 Through-opening 24 Insulating material 26 connection pads 28 Connection lag 30 Flexible flange 31 Groove

Claims

1. Electrical feedthrough (1), The device comprises a base (10) having an opening (11), and a connecting pin (14) that is guided through the opening (11) provided in the base (10) and held by a fixing material (12) that seals the opening (11), The fixing material (12) is a glass material, a glass ceramic material, or a ceramic. In electrical feedthrough (1), The connecting pin (14) has or consists of a core (15), the core (15) being directly adjacent to the fixing material (12) and made of copper, the copper material having an annealed state of at least 150 N / mm² after the formation of the electrical feedthrough (1). ２ It has a 0.2% yield strength. An electrical feedthrough (1) characterized by the following.

2. The copper material is a dispersion-hardening type copper material or copper alloy, and the copper alloy is Cu-Al ２ O ３ The electrical feedthrough (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that it is selected from CuBe, CuCoNiBe, CuCr, CuZr, CuNiSi, and CuNiSiCr.

3. The electrical feedthrough (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the copper material contains at least 95% by weight, preferably at least 98% by weight, and particularly preferably at least 99% by weight of copper, and additionally contains at least 0.1% by weight, preferably at least 0.5% by weight, and particularly preferably at least 0.6% by weight of Al2O3 and / or at least 0.03% by weight of boron.

4. The electrical feedthrough (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the connecting pin (14) is partially or completely covered with a conductive coating material (16, 18) at least on one end face.

5. The electrical feedthrough (1) according to claim 4, characterized in that the covering material (16, 18) is applied to the end face of the connecting pin (14) by plating, electroplating, coating, vapor deposition, welding or brazing.

6. The electrical feedthrough (1) according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the coating material (16, 18) is selected from aluminum, aluminum alloy, AlSiC, copper, copper alloy, molybdenum, nickel or nickel alloy, palladium, silver or gold.

7. The electrical feedthrough (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the core (15) of the connecting pin (14) is formed as a sleeve element (21) having a through opening (22).

8. The electrical feedthrough (1) according to claim 7, characterized in that the connecting pin (14) has a closing element (20) that closes the through opening (22) provided in the sleeve element (21) of the connecting pin (14).

9. The electrical feedthrough (1) according to claim 8, characterized in that the closing element (20) is connected to the sleeve element (21) at one end face of the sleeve element (21) and / or the closing element (20) is connected to the sleeve element (21) at the wall of the through opening (22).

10. The electrical feedthrough (1) according to any one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that the closing element (20) is made of copper, a copper alloy, aluminum, or an aluminum alloy at least on the surface adjacent to the sleeve element (21).

11. The electrical feedthrough (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the first expansion coefficient of the substrate (10) is greater than the second expansion coefficient of the fixing material (12), and the difference between the first expansion coefficient and the second expansion coefficient is preferably greater than 3 ppm / K.

12. An electrical storage device, particularly a battery or capacitor, comprising a housing having at least one electrical feedthrough (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 11.

13. An electrically driven compressor comprising a housing having at least one electrical feedthrough (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 11.

14. An electrical connector comprising an electrical feedthrough (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 11.

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