Sliding materials, bearings, and methods for manufacturing and using the same.

Abstract

To provide a sliding member that offers improved sliding characteristics while maintaining a long lifespan. [Solution] A sliding material comprising a base material and a textured sliding layer covering the base material, wherein the sliding layer includes irregularities including a plurality of vertices and bottoms, 1) the sliding layer has a root mean square gradient of less than 0.064, 2) the sliding layer has a vertex material portion of less than 10%, and 3) the sliding layer has a bottom material portion of less than 75%, and the textured sliding layer induces film formation when engaged at a rotational interface with another component.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] This disclosure generally relates to sliding materials, and more particularly to sliding materials used in bearings, and their This relates to the manufacturing method and the method of use. [Overview of the project] [Problems that the invention aims to solve]

[0002] Generally, sliding members containing sliding materials suppress relative motion to a desired motion between movable parts. Reduce friction. One type of sliding member is the outer surface of the first component in the assembly and the second It may be located within the gap between the inner surface of the bore of the component. An exemplary assembly is a door , hood, tailgate, and engine compartment hinges, seats (e.g., seat recliners) This may include the steering column, flywheel, and drive shaft assembly. Alternatively, it may include other assemblies used in automotive applications in particular. Components of the first component (shaft, etc.) and second component (housing, etc.) within the assembly It is necessary for the assembly to have certain sliding properties throughout. Therefore, the assembly has a longer lifespan. Improved sliding members and sliding materials that provide improved sliding characteristics while maintaining life There is a continuing need for this.

[0003] Embodiments of the present invention include a substrate and a textured sliding layer superimposed on the substrate. The sliding material may include, and the sliding layer includes irregularities including multiple vertices and bottoms, and the sliding layer The textured sliding layer has a root mean square gradient of less than 0.064, and It induces film formation when it engages with the rotational interface with the constituent elements.

[0004] Embodiments of the present invention include a substrate and a textured sliding layer superimposed on the substrate. The sliding material may include, and the sliding layer includes irregularities including multiple vertices and bottoms, and the sliding layer It has a vertex material portion of less than 10%, and the textured sliding layer is a separate component. It induces film formation when it engages with the rotational interface.

[0005] Embodiments of the present invention include a substrate and a textured sliding layer superimposed on the substrate. The sliding material may include, and the sliding layer includes irregularities including multiple vertices and bottoms, and the sliding layer It has a bottom material portion of less than 75%, and the textured sliding layer is with another component. It induces film formation when it engages with a rotating interface.

[0006] Embodiments of the present invention include a substrate and a textured sliding layer superimposed on the substrate. It may include a bearing, and the sliding layer includes irregularities including multiple vertices and bottoms, A textured sliding layer with a root mean square gradient of less than 0.064 is a different configuration. It induces film formation when it engages with the rotational interface with the element.

[0007] Embodiments of the present invention include a substrate and a textured sliding layer superimposed on the substrate. It may include a bearing, and the sliding layer includes irregularities including multiple vertices and bottoms, Having less than 10% of the vertex material portion, the textured sliding layer rotates with other components. It induces film formation when it engages with the interface.

[0008] Embodiments of the present invention include a substrate and a textured sliding layer superimposed on the substrate. It may include a bearing, and the sliding layer includes irregularities including multiple vertices and bottoms, Having a base material portion of less than 75%, the textured sliding layer induces film formation when engaged with a rotational interface with another component.

[0009] Embodiments of the present invention can include an assembly comprising a first component, a second component, and a bearing located between the first component and the second component and having a base material and a textured sliding layer overlying the base material, the sliding layer including a plurality of vertices and bottoms and including concavities, the sliding layer having a root mean square gradient of less than 0.064, and the textured sliding layer inducing film formation when engaged with a rotational interface with another component.

[0010] Embodiments of the present invention can include an assembly comprising a first component, a second component, and a bearing located between the first component and the second component and having a base material and a textured sliding layer overlying the base material, the sliding layer including a plurality of vertices and bottoms and including concavities, the sliding layer having a vertex material portion of less than 10%, and the textured sliding layer inducing film formation when engaged with a rotational interface with another component.

[0011] Embodiments of the present invention can include an assembly comprising a first component, a second component, and a bearing located between the first component and the second component and having a base material and a textured sliding layer overlying the base material, the sliding layer including a plurality of vertices and bottoms and including concavities, the sliding layer having a base material portion of less than 75%, and the textured sliding layer inducing film formation when engaged with a rotational interface with another component.

[0012] Embodiments of the present invention include providing a base material and texturing The method may include adding a sliding layer to a substrate in order to provide a constructed sliding layer. The sliding layer includes irregularities with multiple vertices and bottoms, and the sliding layer has a mean square of less than 0.064. Having a square root gradient, the textured sliding layer engages with the rotational interface with another component. This induces the formation of a membrane.

[0013] Embodiments of the present invention involve providing a substrate and adding a texture to the laminate that is superimposed on the substrate. The method may include adding a sliding layer to a substrate in order to provide a constructed sliding layer. The sliding layer includes irregularities with multiple vertices and bottoms, and the sliding layer has a vertex material portion of less than 10%. The textured sliding layer has a film when it engages with the rotational interface with another component. It induces the formation of [something].

[0014] Embodiments of the present invention involve providing a substrate and adding a texture to the laminate that is superimposed on the substrate. The method may include adding a sliding layer to a substrate in order to provide a constructed sliding layer. The sliding layer includes irregularities with multiple vertices and bottoms, and the sliding layer has a bottom material portion of less than 75%. The textured sliding layer has a film that, when it engages with a rotational interface with another component, It induces formation. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0015] This disclosure will be better understood by referring to the attached drawings, and many of its features The advantages and benefits can be made apparent to those skilled in the art.

[0016] [Figure 1] Figure 1 is a diagram showing a method for producing a sliding material according to one embodiment. [Figure 2A] Figure 2A is a cross-sectional view of a sliding material according to one embodiment. [Figure 2B]Figure 2B is a cross-sectional view of a sliding material according to one embodiment. [Figure 2C] Figure 2C is a cross-sectional view of a sliding material according to one embodiment. [Figure 3] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram showing the surface shape lines of the sliding material according to the embodiment. [Figure 4] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram showing a simplified version of the shape lines shown in Figure 3 for illustrative purposes. [Figure 5] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram showing straight lines connecting the bottom of the concave portion and the vertex of the convex portion, along the shape lines shown in Figure 3. [Figure 6A] Figure 6A is a perspective view of one embodiment of a bearing configured according to the present invention. [Figure 6B] Figure 6B is a perspective view of one embodiment of a bearing configured according to the present invention. [Figure 6C] Figure 6C is a perspective view of one embodiment of a bearing configured according to the present invention. [Figure 6D] Figure 6D is a perspective view of one embodiment of a bearing in an assembly configured according to the present invention. [Figure 6E] Figure 6E is a perspective view of one embodiment of a bearing in an assembly configured according to the present invention. [Figure 7] Figure 7 is a diagram including a comparison of a bearing (A) having a sliding material according to the embodiments herein with a bearing (B) having a sliding material known in the art under journal bearing testing. [Figure 8] Figure 8 is a diagram including a comparison of a bearing (A) having a sliding material according to the embodiments herein with a bearing (B) having a sliding material known in the art under journal bearing testing. [Figure 9] Figure 9 is a diagram including a comparison of a bearing (A) having a sliding material according to the embodiments herein with a bearing (B) having a sliding material known in the art under journal bearing testing conditions. [Figure 10]Figure 10 is a diagram including a comparison of a bearing (A) having a sliding material according to the embodiments herein with a bearing (B) having a sliding material known in the art under journal bearing testing. [Figure 11] Figure 11 is a diagram including a comparison of a bearing (A) having a sliding material according to the embodiments herein with a bearing (B) having a sliding material known in the art under journal bearing testing. [Figure 12] Figure 12 is a diagram including a comparison of a bearing (A) having a sliding material according to the embodiments herein with a bearing (B) having a sliding material known in the art under pin-on-disk testing. [Figure 13] Figure 13 is a diagram including a comparison of the coefficient of friction of a bearing (P) having a sliding material according to the embodiments herein with respect to a bearing (T,P) having a sliding material known in the art, under test conditions of increasing pressure. [Figure 14] Figure 14 is a diagram that includes a comparison of the root mean square gradient of a bearing (P) having a sliding material according to the embodiments herein with that of a bearing (T,P) having a sliding material known in the art. [Figure 15] Figure 15 is a diagram that includes a comparison of the apex material portion of a bearing (P) having a sliding material according to the embodiment herein with respect to a bearing (T,P) having a sliding material known in the art. [Figure 16] Figure 16 is a diagram that includes a comparison of the bottom material portion of a bearing (P) having a sliding material according to the embodiment herein with a bearing (T,P) having a sliding material known in the art. [Figure 17] Figure 17 is a diagram showing a comparison of the torque of a bearing (P) having a sliding material according to the embodiments herein with that of a bearing (T,P) having a sliding material known in the art under time-series testing. [Figure 18] Figure 18 is a diagram showing a comparison of the torque of a bearing (P) having a sliding material according to the embodiments herein with that of a bearing (T,P) having a sliding material known in the art under time-series testing.

[0017] Those skilled in the art will see that the elements in the figures are illustrated for the purpose of simplification and clarity, and are not necessarily reduced in size. Please understand that the drawings are not based on actual measurements. For example, the dimensions of some elements in the drawing are as follows: To help improve the understanding of embodiments of the present invention, some elements are exaggerated compared to other elements. In some cases, the use of the same reference numeral in different drawings indicates similar or identical components. . [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0018] The following description, combined with the drawings, is intended to aid in understanding the teachings disclosed herein. Provided to [source]. The following discussion focuses on specific embodiments and examples of the teaching. This focus is provided to help explain the teaching, and to address the scope or applicability of the teaching. This should not be interpreted as a limitation relating to the present application. However, based on the teachings disclosed in this application Other embodiments can be used accordingly.

[0019] "to prepare, to include (comprises)", "to prepare, to include (comprising)", "to include (inclu The usages of "des" (to include), "has" (to have), and "having" (to possess) The words, or any other variations thereof, are intended to encompass non-exclusive inclusion. For example, If a method, article, or apparatus includes a list of features, it is not necessarily limited to those features alone. This does not mean that other features not explicitly listed, or such methods, articles, or if This may include other features specific to the device. Furthermore, unless otherwise stated, "or" " or" refers to an inclusive "or", not an exclusive "or". For example, condition A or B is, A is true (or exists) if any one of the following conditions is met: (and B is false (or does not exist), A is false (or does not exist) And B is true (or exists), and both A and B are true (or exist) (To exist).

[0020] Furthermore, the use of "a" or "an" indicates that the elements and components described herein are used to describe the elements and components described herein. This is used for convenience and to give a general sense of the scope of the invention. This is done. This explanation is one, less than it should be, unless it is clear that it does not mean otherwise. It should be understood as either one, or a singular form including the plural form, or vice versa. For example, if a single embodiment is described herein, the substitute for that single embodiment Rather, two or more embodiments can be used. Similarly, two or more embodiments can be used in the present invention. Where described in the details, a single embodiment may be replaced by two or more embodiments. Cut.

[0021] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein are as defined herein. It has the same meaning as that generally understood by those skilled in the art in the technical field to which it belongs. Material The methods and examples described herein are illustrative and not intended to be limiting. To the extent not described in the document, many details regarding specific materials and processing procedures remain the same as before. Yes, it can be found in textbooks and other sources in the field of sliding materials technology.

[0022] The embodiments described herein generally relate to textured sliding layer materials, and This relates to a method for creating and using textured sliding material on bearings within an assembly. ru.

[0023] For illustrative purposes, Figure 1 includes a method for producing a sliding material according to the embodiment described above. Process 10 includes a first step 12 of providing a base material and a sliding coating of the base material. The second step 14 involves coating with a coating to form a sliding material, and shaping the sliding material into a bearing. This can include the third step 16.

[0024] Referring to the first step 12, the base material may be a substrate. In one embodiment The base material may include at least partially a metal. According to a particular embodiment, the metal is Includes iron, bronze, magnesium, zinc, copper, titanium, tin, aluminum, and their alloys. It may be stainless steel, or another type of metal. More specifically, the base material may be stainless steel. It may contain at least partially steel, such as steel, carbon steel, or spring steel. For example, the base material may be 301 May contain stainless steel at least partially. 301 stainless steel, annealed, 1 / The hardness may be 4-hard, 1 / 2-hard, 3 / 4-hard, or full hard. Furthermore, the steel may contain chromium and nickel. This may include stainless steels that are 301, or combinations thereof. It is stainless steel. The base material and / or substrate may have any structure or shape. In the embodiment, the base material and / or substrate is a plate, sheet, woven fabric, mesh, or It may be a metal foam, or a combination thereof. For example, in some embodiments, The base material may include plates and woven fabrics. In other embodiments, the base material is a metal plate. This may include different metals covering the metal plate. The base material may be a woven mesh or This may include an expanded metal grid, an expanded sheet, or a perforated sheet. Alternatively, the woven mesh may be a woven polymer mesh. In an alternative embodiment, The substrate does not need to include a mesh or grid.

[0025] In many embodiments, the base material may be spring steel. The spring steel base material is annealed, The hardness can be 1 / 4 hard, 1 / 2 hard, 3 / 4 hard, or fully hard. The spring steel base material is 600 MPa. For example, 700 MPa or more, for example, 750 MPa or more, for example, 800 MPa or more, example For example, it may have a tensile strength of 900 MPa or more, or even 1000 MPa or more. The steel substrate may have a tensile strength of 1500 MPa or less, or for example, 1250 MPa or less.

[0026] In other embodiments, the substrate may have a coating. The coating is separate It may be a layer of metal or alloy. In this embodiment, the coating is made of the following metals:chrome Molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, iron, ruthenium, osmium, cobalt, ro Dium, iridium, nickel, palladium, platinum, copper, silver, gold, zinc, cadmium, water Silver, aluminum, gallium, indium, thallium, silicon, germanium, tin, A metal or alloy containing at least one of lead, antimony, and bismuth In other embodiments, the coating may be a copper alloy, a copper-tin alloy, or a copper-zinc alloy. It may be bronze, phosphor bronze, silicon bronze, brass, or any combination thereof.

[0027] Figure 2A shows the forming process 1 for forming a sliding material for a bearing according to the above embodiment. A sliding material or composite that may be formed according to the first step 12 and the second step 14 of 0. Includes a diagram of material 1000. For illustrative purposes, Figure 2A shows the sliding material after the second step 14. The structure of each of the 1000 layers is shown. In many embodiments, the sliding material 1000 is made of a base material 111 9 (that is, the base material provided in the first step 12) and the sliding layer 1104 (sand It may also include a sliding coating applied in the second step 14. (Figure 2A) As can be seen, the sliding layer 1104 can be bonded to at least a portion of the substrate 1119. In certain embodiments, the sliding layer 1104 forms a sliding interface with another surface of another component. The sliding layer 1104 can be bonded to the surface of the substrate 1119. The sliding layer can be bonded to the radial inner surface of the base material 1119 so as to form a sliding interface with the surface. 1104 has a diameter of the base material 1119 so as to form a sliding interface with another surface of another component. It can be bonded to the directional outer surface. In another embodiment, the base material 1119 is bonded to both sides of the base material 1119 The sliding layer 1104 may be provided, and the sliding layer 1104 may be embedded within it.

[0028] The sliding layer may be textured, as will be described in more detail below. In the embodiment, the sliding layer 1104 may comprise a sliding material. The sliding material may be, for example, polyket Polyaramid, polyimide, polyetherimide, polyphenylene sulfide, poly Ether sulfone, polysulfone, polyphenylene sulfone, polyamide imide, ultra-high Polyethylene, fluoropolymer, polyamide, polybenzimidazole, or so These may include polymers in any combination thereof. For example, the sliding layer 1104 may be polyketone Polyaramid, polyimide, polyetherimide, polyamideimide, polyphenylene Sulfide, polyphenylene sulfone, fluoropolymer, polybenzimidazole, so This includes derivatives of these, or combinations thereof. In a specific example, the sliding / wear-resistant layer is polyket Thermoplastic polyimide, polyetherimide, polyphenylene sulfide, polyether Sulfones, polysulfones, polyamide-imides, their derivatives, or combinations thereof, etc. It contains polymers. In further examples, the sliding / wear-resistant layer is polyether ether ketone (PO Polyether ether ketone (PEEK), polyether ketone, polyether ketone ketone, Polyetherketones, etherketones, their derivatives, or combinations thereof, etc. It includes n. In additional examples, the sliding / wear-resistant layer may include ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene. Exemplary fluoropolymers include fluorinated ethylene propylene (fluorinated ethylene pro (Pylene, FEP), Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) ), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), perfluoro Coxy (perfluoroalkoxy, PFA), tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoropropyl tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene, and vinylide Polychlorotrifluoroethylene (polychlorot) fluoride (THV) terpolymer, polychlorotrifluoroethylene (polychlorot tetrafluoroethylene (PCTFE), ethylene tetrafluoroethylene copolymer (ethyle ethylene chlorotrifluoroethylene (ETFE), tetrafluoroethylene copolymer. Copolymer (ethylene chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymer, ECTFE), polyacetal Polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polyethylene Polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyimide PI), polyetherimide, polyetheretherketone (PEEK), polyethylene Polyethylene (PE), polysulfone, polyamide (PA), polyphenol Polyphenylene oxide, polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), poly Urethane, polyester, liquid crystal polymer (LCP), or the same This includes any combination of these. The sliding layer 1104 is lithium soap, graphite, boron nitride, disulfide Molybdenum, tungsten disulfide, polytetrafluoroethylene, carbon nitride, tungsten carbide Stainless steel, or diamond-like carbon, metals (aluminum, zinc, copper, magnesium, Tin, platinum, titanium, tungsten, lead, iron, bronze, steel, spring steel, stainless steel, etc.), gold Metal alloys (including the listed metals), metal anodized metals (including the listed metals), or those The solid-based material may include any combination of the following. According to a particular embodiment, full Oropolymer may be used. In one embodiment, the sliding layer 1104 is polytetrafluoro It does not need to contain PTFE (polyethylene).

[0029] In many embodiments, the sliding layer 1104 is made of glass fiber, carbon fiber, silicon, PEE K, aromatic polyester, carbon particles, bronze, fluoropolymer, thermoplastic filler, oxide Luminium, polyamide-imide (PAI), PPS, polyphenylene sulfone (PPSO) 2) LCP, aromatic polyester, molybdenum disulfide, tungsten disulfide, graphite, Grapheme, expanded graphite, boron nitride, talc, calcium fluoride, or the same The filler may further include any combination of the following. Furthermore, the filler may include alumina, silica, Titanium dioxide, calcium fluoride, boron nitride, mica, wollastonite, silicon carbide Silicon nitride, barium sulfate, zirconia, carbon black, pigments, or any of these. This may include a combination of the following. In a particular embodiment, the sliding layer 1104 is made of polytetrafluoroethylene Ethylene (PTFE), polyamide (PA), polyether ether ketone (PEEK) Polyimide (PI), polyamide-imide (PAI), polyphenylene sulfide (PP) S), polyphenylene sulfone (PPSO2), liquid crystal polymer (LCP), perfluoro Alkoxy polymers (PFA), polyoxymethylene (POM), polyethylene (PE) The organic filler includes UHMWPE, ethylene propylene diene, or mixtures thereof. That is also acceptable. In one embodiment, the sliding layer 1104 is made of polytetrafluoroethylene as a filler. It may contain only PTFE. The filler may be beads, fibers, powder, mesh, or It can be in any combination of these forms. The filler is less than the total weight of the sliding layer. at least 1% by weight, for example, at least 5% by weight based on the total weight of the sliding layer, or even more than 10% by weight. Weight %.

[0030] The base material 1119 is at least about 0.05 mm, for example at least about 0.1 mm, and less At least about 0.15 mm, at least about 0.2 mm, at least about 0.25 mm, at least Also about 0.3 mm, at least about 0.35 mm, at least about 0.4 mm, or at least It can have a thickness Ts of approximately 0.45 mm. The base material 1119 is approximately 5 mm or less, approximately 4 mm or less, about 3 mm or less, about 2.5 mm or less, about 2 mm or less, for example, about 1.5 mm or less , about 1mm or less, about 0.9mm or less, about 0.8mm or less, about 0.7mm or less, about 0.6m It can have a thickness Ts of m or less, approximately 0.55 mm or less, or approximately 0.5 mm or less. Furthermore, the thickness Ts of the base material 1119 can be any value between the minimum and maximum values ​​mentioned above. It will be understood that this is acceptable. The thickness of the base material 1119 may be uniform, that is, The thickness of the base material 1119 at the first position is equal to the thickness at the second position along it. It may become so. The thickness of the base material 1119 may be uniform, that is, the number of base material 1119 The thickness at position 1 may differ from the thickness at position 2, which is located along the same position.

[0031] The sliding layer 1104 is at least about 0.05 mm thick, for example, at least about 0.1 mm thick. At least approximately 0.15 mm, at least approximately 0.2 mm, at least approximately 0.25 mm, less Each is approximately 0.3 mm, at least approximately 0.35 mm, at least approximately 0.4 mm, or at least The thickness is approximately 0.45 mm. SL It can have the following: The sliding layer 1104 is about 5 mm or less. , about 4 mm or less, about 3 mm or less, about 2.5 mm or less, about 2 mm or less, for example, about 1.5 m m or less, about 1 mm or less, about 0.9 mm or less, about 0.8 mm or less, about 0.7 mm or less, about 0 Thickness T of 0.6 mm or less, approximately 0.55 mm or less, or approximately 0.5 mm or less SL Having Yes, it is possible. Furthermore, the thickness T of the sliding layer 1104 SL This is any value between the above-mentioned minimum and maximum values. It will be understood that any value is acceptable. The thickness of the sliding layer 1104 may be uniform. In other words, the thickness of the sliding layer 1104 at the first position is equal to the thickness at the second position along it. The thickness may be equal to the thickness of the sliding layer 1104. The thickness of the sliding layer 1104 may be uniform, that is, sliding The thickness of the moving layer 1104 at the first position is different from the thickness at the second position along it. It is possible. It will be understood that different sliding layers 1104 may have different thicknesses. Layer 1104 may be on one main surface of the illustrated substrate 1119, or on both It may be on the main surface. The substrate 1119 is at least partially covered by the sliding layer 1104. It may be sealed in. That is, the sliding layer 1104 is at least a portion of the base material 1119 It may be covered. The axial surface of the base material 1119 may be exposed from the sliding layer 1104.

[0032] Figure 2B shows the forming process for forming the sliding material for the bearing according to the above embodiment. A sliding material or which can be formed according to the first step 12 and second step 14 of S10 Includes a diagram of an alternative embodiment of the composite material. For illustrative purposes, Figure 2B shows the second step 14 The layer-by-layer configuration of the sliding material 1002 is shown below. According to this particular embodiment, the sliding material 1002 is the sliding material 1002 which has a sliding layer 1104 on the base material 1119 (i.e., the first The base material provided in step 12 and the sliding layer 1104 (i.e., the second step At least one adhesive layer that can bond to the sliding coating applied in step 14 It is similar to the composite material 1000 in Figure 2A, except that it can also have 1121. Alternatively, in another alternative embodiment, the substrate 1119 may be a solid component, a woven mesh or As an expanded metal grid, a small amount is included between the sliding layer 1104 and the base material 1119. Alternatively, they may be embedded between one adhesive layer 1121.

[0033] The adhesive layer 1121 may be, but is not limited to, a fluoropolymer, epoxy resin, or polypolymer. Liimide resin, polyether / polyamide copolymer, ethylene vinyl acetate, ethylene ethylene Trafluoroethylene (ETFE), ETFE copolymer, perfluoroalkoxy (P Any known adhesive material common in bearing technology, including FA, or any combination thereof. It may also contain -C=O, -COR, -COH, -COOH, - The least selected from COOR, -CF2=CF-OR, or any combination thereof. Each may contain one functional group, where R is a cyclic or linear chain containing 1 to 20 carbon atoms. It is a crystalline organic group. In addition, the adhesive may contain copolymers. In one embodiment, hot melt The adhesive may have a melting temperature of 250°C or less, for example, 220°C or less. In another embodiment... The adhesive may decompose at temperatures above 200°C, for example, above 220°C. In further embodiments, The melting temperature of the Tomelt adhesive may exceed 250°C, or even exceed 300°C. Adhesive layer 1 121 may have a thickness of approximately 1 to 50 microns, for example, approximately 7 to 15 microns. In this state, the hot melt adhesive may have a melting temperature of 250°C or less, for example, 220°C or less. In another embodiment, the adhesive may decompose at temperatures above 200°C, for example, above 220°C. In the embodiment, the melting temperature of the hot melt adhesive is greater than 250°C, or even greater than 300°C. could be.

[0034] The adhesive layer 1121 is approximately 1 micron to approximately 80 microns, for example, approximately 10 microns to approximately 50 Microns, for example, a thickness of approximately 20 to 40 microns T AL It may have. Numerous implementations In terms of morphology, the adhesive layer 1121 has a thickness of approximately 3 to 20 microns T AL It may have a large number. In this embodiment, the adhesive layer 1121 has a thickness T of approximately 10 to 60 microns. AL It may have. Thickness T of adhesive layer 1121 AL This is any value between the minimum and maximum values ​​mentioned above. It will become clearer that the value may be uniform. The thickness of the adhesive layer 1121 may be uniform. In other words, the thickness of the adhesive layer 1121 at the first position is equal to the thickness at the second position along it. It can be equal to the thickness. The thickness of the adhesive layer 1121 may be non-uniform, that is, The thickness of the adhesive layer 1121 at the first position is different from the thickness at the second position along it. It is possible.

[0035] The thickness of the adhesive layer 1121 is determined by the maximum profile of the surface roughness profile of the substrate 1119. The base material 11 is defined as the distance Rmax between the vertex height and the maximum profile bottom depth. It can essentially accommodate a roughness of 19. In this way, the sliding layer 1104 and the base material 1119 A sufficiently thick adhesive layer 1121 is applied to the substrate 1119 to ensure complete adhesive bonding between them. It can be guaranteed that it will be added. The adhesive layer 1121 is also manufactured to be not too thick. This should not be done. In this case, when joining the layers, a portion of the adhesive layer 1121 is pushed away from the adhesive bond. The surface roughness profile of the base material 1119 may be produced when the sliding material is subjected to shear stress. There is a risk of cohesive failure occurring within the portion of the adhesive layer 1121 that protrudes above the il.

[0036] For example, the surface roughness of the substrate 1119 is at least about 0.01 microns, at least about 0.02 microns, at least about 0.05 microns, at least about 0.1 microns, less At least about 0.5 microns, at least about 1 micron, at least about 2 microns, and at least Also about 5 microns, at least about 10 microns, at least about 20 microns, at least about 50 microns, at least about 100 microns, at least about 200 microns, or less Both may be approximately 400 microns. In other embodiments, the surface roughness is approximately 400 microns. Less than 200 microns, less than 100 microns, less than 50 microns, about 25 microns Less than 10 microns, less than approximately 20 microns, less than approximately 15 microns, less than approximately 10 microns, about 5 microns Less than 100, less than approximately 3 microns, less than approximately 2 microns, or even less than approximately 1 micron. In another embodiment, the substrate 1119 is approximately 0.1 microns to approximately 400 microns, approximately 0.5 Surface roughness in the range of microns to approximately 100 microns, or approximately 1 micron to approximately 50 microns. It is possible.

[0037] Furthermore, the surface of the substrate 1119 is treated by electrolytic zinc plating to roughen the surface, and It can be upgraded or coated. This is done before applying the adhesive layer 1121. In other embodiments, the surface area of ​​the substrate 1119 is increased by mechanical structuring. Structuring can be done using brushing, sandblasting, etching, drilling, and pickling. Punching, pressing, curling, deep drawing, warp reduction, incremental sheet forming, eye Ron, laser cutting, rolling, hammering, embossing, undercutting, and these Any combination is possible. For example, embossing a structure can enable interlocking. This has a positive effect on the resulting bonding force.

[0038] Figure 2C shows the forming process for forming the sliding material for the bearing according to the above embodiment. A sliding material or which can be formed according to the first step 12 and second step 14 of S10 Includes a diagram of an alternative embodiment of the composite material. For illustrative purposes, Figure 2C shows the second step 14 The layer-by-layer configuration of the sliding material 1003 is shown below. According to this particular embodiment, the sliding material 1003 is the sliding material 1003 which is the base material 1119 (i.e., in the first step 12) (The base material provided) and the sliding layer 1104 (i.e., applied in the second step 14) Adhesion promoter layer 1127 and epoxy layer 11 (which can bond to the sliding coating) 29 may comprise at least one corrosion protection layer 1704, 1705 and 1708 and corrosion protection Except for the fact that it can also be equipped with coating 1124, the sliding material 1002 in Figure 2B and They may be the same.

[0039] The base material 1119 has a corrosion protection layer 17 to prevent corrosion of the sliding material 1003 before processing. It may be coated with 04 and 1705. In addition, a corrosion protection layer 1 may be placed on top of layer 1704. 708 can be added. Each of layers 1704, 1705, and 1708 is approximately 1-50 MiC. Ron, for example, may have a thickness of about 7 to 15 microns. Layers 1704 and 1705 are zinc, It comprises a phosphate of iron, manganese, or any combination thereof, or a nanoceramic layer. Furthermore, layers 1704 and 1705 are functional silanes, nanoscale silane-based primers. - Hydrolyzed silane, organosilane adhesion promoter, solvent / water-based silane primer, chlorinated Polyolefin, passivated surface, commercially available zinc (mechanical / galvanic) or zinc nickel It may include a Kell coating or any combination thereof. Layer 1708 is a functional silane. Nanoscale silane primers, hydrolyzed silanes, organosilane adhesion promoters, solvents / May include a water-based silane primer. Corrosion protection layers 1704, 1706, and 1708 are It may be removed or retained during processing.

[0040] The sliding material 1003 may further include a corrosion-resistant coating 1125. The 1125 is approximately 1 to 50 microns, for example, approximately 5 to 20 microns, and for example, approximately 7 to 1 It may have a thickness of 5 microns. The corrosion-resistant coating 1125 is an adhesion promoter layer 1127 and It may include an epoxy layer 1129. The adhesion promoter layer 1127 contains zinc, iron, manganese, tin, Alternatively, it may include any combination thereof of phosphates or nanoceramic layers. Adhesion promotion Formulation layer 1127 consists of a functional silane, a nanoscale silane layer, a hydrolyzed silane, and organosyl silane. Silane adhesion promoter, solvent / water-based silane primer, chlorinated polyolefin, passivated surface, Commercially available zinc (mechanical / galvanic) or zinc-nickel coating, or the same It may include any combination. The epoxy layer 1129 is made of thermosetting epoxy, UV-curing epoxy, IR-cured epoxy, electron beam-cured epoxy, radiation-cured epoxy, or air-cured epoxy It may be. Furthermore, the epoxy layer 1129 is polyglycidyl ether, diglycidyl ether Ether, bisphenol A, bisphenol F, oxirane, oxacyclopropane, ether Thiene oxide, 1,2-epoxypropane, 2-methyloxirane, 9,10-epoxy Epoxy may contain c-9,10-dihydroanthracene or any combination thereof. Layer 1129 may further contain a curing agent. Examples of the curing agent include amines, acid anhydrides, phenol novolac curing agents, such as phenol novolac poly[N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ma leimide] (PHPMI), resole phenol formaldehyde, aliphatic amine compounds , polycarboxylic acid anhydrides, polyacrylates, isocyanates, encapsulated polyisocyanates , boron trifluoride amine complexes, chromium-based curing agents, polyamides, or any combination thereof may be mentioned. Generally, acid anhydrides can follow the formula R-C=O-O-C=O-R’ (wherein R is C X H Y X Z A U as described above). Examples of amines include aliphatic amines such as monoethylamine, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, aromatic amines such as alicyclic amines, cyclic aliphatic amines, cycloaliphatic amines, amide amines, polyamides, dicyandiamide, imidazole derivatives, etc., or any combination thereof may be mentioned.

[0041] In one embodiment, under step 14 of FIG. 1, as described above, any of the layers on the sliding material or composite materials 1000, 1002, 1003 are each disposed within a roll and peeled therefrom, and can be joined together under pressure, at a high temperature (hot or cold press or rolling), by an adhesive, or by any combination thereof. As described above, any of the layers on the sliding material 1000 may be laminated together so as to at least partially overlap each other. As described above, any of the layers on the sliding materials 1000, 1002, 1003, for example, using coating techniques such as physical or vapor deposition, spraying, plating, powder coating, etc. . Alternatively, they may be applied together through other chemical or electrochemical techniques. Specific implementation In its form, the sliding layer 1104 is a roll-to-roll coating including, for example, an extruded coating. It may be applied by a coating process. The sliding layer 1104 is in a molten or semi-molten state. It may be heated and extruded through a slot die onto the main surface of the substrate 1119. In the application configuration, the sliding layer 1104 may be cast or molded.

[0042] In one embodiment, the sliding layer 1104 is made of a substrate 1119 in order to form a laminate. It may be attached or bonded in any other way. In one embodiment, the sliding layer 1104 or any The layers are attached to the substrate 1119 using a fused adhesive layer 1121 to form a laminate. They can be bonded by or by other means. In one embodiment, the sliding layer 1104 or any layer is stacked To form a layer, it is attached to the substrate 1119 as a polymer tape or by other means. They can be bonded together. In one embodiment, on the material or sliding material 1000, 1002, 1003 Either the intervening layer or the protruding layer may form a laminate. The laminate can be formed in a bearing. It can be cut into strips or blanks. Cutting of the laminate can be done by stamping, pressing, punching, This may include the use of a saw, or it may be machined in a different way. When cutting the laminate This allows for the creation of a cut edge portion that includes the exposed portion of the base material 1119.

[0043] In another embodiment, below step 14 in Figure 1, the sliding material 1000, as described above, 1002, 1003 The upper layer may be, for example, physically or by vapor deposition, spraying, plating, powder By coating technologies such as pre-coating, or by other chemical or electrochemical technologies It may be applied through a certain method. In certain embodiments, the sliding layer 1104 may be, for example, an extruded coating. It may be applied by a roll-to-roll coating process including coating. Layer 1104 is heated to a molten or semi-molten state and passed through the slot die to the substrate 1119 It may be extruded onto the main surface. In another embodiment, the sliding layer 1104 is cast or molded. It may also be used.

[0044] Now, referring to the third step 16 of the formation process 10 as shown in Figure 1, According to a particular embodiment, the sliding materials 1000, 1002, and 1003 are formed in the bearing. This may include a cutting operation. In one embodiment, the cutting operation is a stamp, a press, The process may include the use of punches, saws, and deep drawing, or it may be machined in a different way. In some embodiments, the cutting operation may form a peripheral surface on the sliding material. The cutting operation is Define a cutting direction starting from the first main surface and moving toward the second main surface on the opposite side of the first main surface. This allows for the formation of a peripheral surface or edge. Alternatively, the cutting operation can form a second main surface or Starting from there, a cutting direction is defined toward the first main surface to form the peripheral surface or edge. This can be done. The sliding material may here be formed into a bearing for the desired application.

[0045] After the sliding material is formed, the sliding material or bearing is used in the forming and shaping process. It may be washed to remove any lubricants and oils that have been applied. In addition, by washing The exposed surface of the substrate can be prepared for coating application. Cleaning is performed by chemical cleaning using a solvent. This may include cleaning by / or mechanical cleaning such as ultrasonic cleaning.

[0046] As a result of the method shown in Figure 1, according to the embodiment described above, the substrate 1119 is covered within the substrate. The sliding layer 1104 does not have a macroscopic thickness variation of the sliding layer 1104 itself, but rather it forms a sliding surface. The surface is textured to have microscopically fine irregularities (e.g., vertices and bottoms on the surface). The sliding surface is one side of the sliding layer 1104, as shown in Figure 2C, i.e., the base material 1 This is the opposite side from 119.

[0047] Figure 3 is an enlarged view with the X-axis magnified 200 times and the Y-axis magnified 1000 times. Sliding layer 110 The surface shape of 4 is obtained as shape line C shown in Figure 3. Shape line C is of the sliding layer 1104 This shows the apex and bottom of the surface of the sliding layer 1104 in a cross-section that includes a plane parallel to the thickness direction. Shape line C is represented using the XY coordinate system. Specifically, the X-axis represents the arrangement between any two points. The Y-axis represents the thickness direction of the sliding layer 1104, that is, the arrangement in the Y-axis direction is the surface This represents the depth and height of the apex and bottom. Therefore, the shape line C represents the surface shape of the sliding layer 1104. It contains vertices and bases corresponding to its shape.

[0048] Figure 4 schematically shows a simplified version of the shape line C shown in Figure 3 for illustrative purposes. Vertices and bases The shape line C containing this is divided vertically in the Y-axis direction with respect to a virtual straight line Lx parallel to the X-axis. When the sliding surface of the sliding layer 1104 is microscopically flat, the sliding surface of the sliding layer 1104 and X The axis and the virtual line Lx are parallel to each other. When the shape line C is divided by the virtual line Lx, the virtual line A concave region (bottom) protruding downward from line Lx, and a convex region (top) protruding upward from the virtual line Lx. The points are separated from each other. In Figure 4, concave regions are shown with "shading" and convex regions with "diagonal lines". This shows that the sum of the areas S1 of the concave regions and the sum of the areas S2 of the convex regions are equal. The hypothetical straight line Lx is defined as the average line of unevenness Lv. That is, on the sliding surface of the sliding layer 1104 Therefore, the sum of the areas S1 of the concave regions that protrude below the average concave-convexity line Lv, and the average concave-convexity line Lv The sum of the areas of the convex regions that protrude above the line S2 is equal to (S1=S2). The average line of concavity / convexity Lv The region that protrudes below this line is defined as the bottom 21, and the region that protrudes above the average line Lv is defined as the bottom 21. We define this as vertex 22.

[0049] In this embodiment, the X-axis is the circumferential and radial direction of the surface of the sliding layer 1104 or the sliding material. Defined as centrally located and tangent to the circumferential direction for measurement. Any two points Considering the application of the sliding layer 1104, the number, arrangement, and direction of the measurement positions can be arbitrarily adjusted. It is possible.

[0050] Figure 5 schematically shows a simplified version of the shape line C shown in Figure 4 for illustrative purposes. Then, using the relationship between the adjacent bases 21 and vertices 22, the sliding layer 1104 or sliding material Further verification of its performance. Each of the bottoms 21 is the deepest part of the bottom 21, i.e., the base material 11 The base 31 is positioned closest to vertex 22. The convex portion 22 adjacent to the base 21 is the closest to vertex 22. The vertex 32 is located at a high position, i.e., the position furthest from the base material 1119. When the base 21 and the vertex 22 are adjacent to each other with the concave-concave average line Lv, the bottom 31 of the base 21 and the vertex The vertex 32 of point 22 can be connected to a hypothetical line L. The gradient of line L is given by base 21. The measurement distance 45 in the Y-axis direction between the base 31 and the vertex 32 of the vertex 22 is measured between the base 31 and the vertex 3 This is the value obtained by dividing by the measured distance 35 in the X-axis direction between 2. The average of the gradient of the resulting straight line L is This is the mean squared gradient (SDQ) or root mean squared gradient. In many embodiments, the squared gradient is used for low friction materials. The mean square gradient may be less than 0.064.

[0051] Furthermore, the root mean square gradient may have an average angle α from the base to the vertex. Angle α This is at least 0.01°, for example 0.05°, for example 0.1°, for example 0.15°, for example For example, 0.5°, 1°, 1.5°, 2°, or even 3°. stomach.

[0052] Furthermore, the vertex material portion Smr1 can be calculated as the proportion of low-friction material including the vertex. Yes, it is possible. In other words, the thickness of the base material is T S It can be called Smr1, and the base material or core surface Surface thickness T S From the total thickness T of the low friction material SL This is the area material ratio that divides by the reduced vertex. The reduced vertices represent the area removed by the initial wear and tear from adjacent components. In some embodiments, the apex material portion Smr1 of the low-friction material may be less than 10%.

[0053] Furthermore, the bottom material portion Smr2 can be calculated as the proportion of low-friction material including the bottom. In other words, the thickness of the base material is T S It can be called Smr2, and Smr2 is the surface of the substrate or core. Thickness T S From the total thickness T of the low friction material S This is the area material ratio divided by the reduced base. The bottom retains the liquid (e.g., grease) applied to the surface to improve lubrication. This is the area. In many embodiments, the bottom material portion Smr1 of the low friction material is less than 75%. That's fine.

[0054] The resulting textured sliding layer 1104 is one of several vertices 22 The maximum between at least one vertex 22 and at least one of the multiple bases 21 The small distance can be as small as 0.05 mm.

[0055] Therefore, this method may be included according to the embodiments specified herein. This method involves substrate 1 The provision of 119 and the textured sliding layer that overlaps the base material 1119 on the laminate. This may include adding a sliding layer 1104 to the base material 1119 in order to provide 1104. The sliding layer 1104 includes irregularities including multiple vertices 22 and bottoms 21, and 1) the sliding layer is 0. 1) The sliding layer has a root mean square gradient of less than 0.64, and 2) the sliding layer has a peak material portion of less than 10%. 3) The sliding layer has a bottom material portion of less than 75%. This method involves cutting the blank and stacking This method may further include forming layers. It may also include the following.

[0056] As described above, the sliding layer 1104 forms a sliding interface with another surface of another component. As a result of this method, the sliding layer 1104 can be bonded to the surface of the substrate 1119. As will be explained in more detail below, it has a coefficient of friction of less than 0.02 with respect to other components. It is possible.

[0057] In many embodiments, the resulting sliding material can be formed into a bearing. Therefore, Figure 6A shows composite material 1000, 1 which may initially exist as a blank as described above. Bearings can be produced by rolling pieces of appropriate dimensions 001, 1002, and 1003. The shape is shown (generally represented by 100). The bearing 100 extends axially with respect to the central axis. This is possible. In other words, the central axis can extend longitudinally along the length of the bearing 100. Yes, it is possible. The bearing 100 has a substantially cylindrical side wall 102. When used herein, "Approximately cylindrical" means that when placed within a best-fitting cylinder having a rotating body around an axis, it is best From the suitable cylinder, 15% or less at any position, 10% or less at any position, and 5% or less at any position. Below, 4% or less at any position, 3% or less at any position, 2% or less at any position, or any This refers to a shape that deviates by less than 1% in position. In one embodiment, "approximately cylindrical" refers to the internal structure... A roughly cylindrical body 31 assembled between the base and the outer components, i.e., in the installed state. It can refer to 0. In another embodiment, “approximately cylindrical” refers to an inner component and an outer component This can refer to the roughly cylindrical main body 310 before assembly between the components, i.e., in an uninstalled state. In certain embodiments, the substantially cylindrical side wall 102 has two longitudinally flat ends. The side walls may be cylindrical, having a shape that corresponds to rotation around the axis. Numerous embodiments The blank is then rolled to form a substantially cylindrical side wall 102 that can form an annular shape. It may also be. In many embodiments, the side wall 102 is made of the base material 1 as shown in Figures 2A to 2C. 119 and at least one low-friction layer 1104 of composite materials 1000, 1001, and 1002 It can be equipped with the following. The low friction material 1104 is a small part of the inner or outer surface of the bearing 100. It is not necessary to have one element that essentially covers the whole.

[0058] For illustrative purposes, Figure 6B shows composite material 1, which may initially exist as a blank as described above. Roll and flange pieces of appropriate dimensions 000, 1001, 1002, and 1003. The shapes of bearings (generally shown as 100) that can be produced by the same method are shown. Figure 6B shows the structure of Figure 6A. It can include all aspects of construction and design, and for the sake of brevity, the corresponding reference numbers remain the same. Yes, it refers to the same structure as that in Figure 6A. Figure 6B shows that the bearing 100 in Figure 6B has an axial cross-section In this case, it is essentially L-shaped and has an annular shape that forms an annular flange 122. It may differ from Figure 6A in that it can be done. In other words, the bearing 100 is radial and The bearing may have an L-shaped cross-section extending in the axial direction. Other axial cross-sectional shapes of the bearing are also possible. It is possible. For example, the bearing 100 may have a C-shaped bearing cross-section. Multiple embodiments In this process, the L-shaped bearing 10 is formed by deep drawing, including stamping of the molded bearing 100. It is possible to achieve zero.

[0059] For illustrative purposes, Figure 6C shows composite material 1, which may initially exist as a blank as described above. Roll and flange pieces of appropriate dimensions 000, 1001, 1002, and 1003. The shapes of bearings (generally shown in 33) that can be produced by the following are shown. Figure 6C is a comparison of Figure 6A and Figure 6C. It can include all of the structure and design of 6B, and for brevity, the corresponding reference numbers are the same. This refers to the same structure as those in Figures 6A and 6B. Figure 6C shows the bearing 33 in Figure 6C. However, it can be formed by rolling the tapered portion and flange the end. It differs from Figure 6B in that it can be equipped with a bearing side wall 102 having a cylindrical portion. It's okay to become one.

[0060] For illustrative purposes, Figure 6D shows composite material 1, which may initially exist as a blank as described above. Roll and flange pieces of appropriate dimensions 000, 1001, 1002, and 1003. The shapes of bearings that can be produced by (generally shown in 34) are shown. Figure 6D is shown in Figures 6A to 6. It can include all of the structure and design of C, and for brevity, the corresponding reference numbers are the same. This remains the same and refers to the same structure as those in Figures 6A to 6C. Figure 6D shows the bearing 34 in Figure 6D as a housing. The figure shows a flanged bearing 100 mounted inside the body (or second component 150), The shaft pin (or first component 160) is mounted by passing through the flanged bearing 100. It may differ from Figure 6B in that it is formed by assemblies.

[0061] For illustrative purposes, Figure 6E shows composite material 1, which may initially exist as a blank as described above. Roll and flange pieces of appropriate dimensions 000, 1001, 1002, and 1003. The shapes of bearings that can be produced by (generally shown as 35) are shown. Figure 6E is shown in Figures 3A to 3 It can include all of the structure and design of D, and for brevity, the corresponding reference numbers are the same. This remains the same and refers to the same structure as those in Figures 6A to 6D. Figure 6E shows that the bearing 100 in Figure 6E is The image shows a double-flanged bearing 100 mounted on the housing, with the shaft pin being double-flanged. In terms of being mounted through the lunge bearing 100 to form an assembly, it differs from Figure 6B. They may be different. As shown in Figure 6E, the radial flange 122 is the shaft of the bearing 100. They may be placed at both ends of the direction.

[0062] As shown in Figures 6A to 6E, the bearing material is formed from a blank as described above. Often, a base material 1119 (for example, a spring) may be curved into a ring-shaped (substantially annular) form. It may also contain steel. The ends of the bearing 100 do not have to intersect (for example, a split ring and (may be formed in this way), thereby leaving an axial gap. In other embodiments, it is substantially cylindrical. The side walls of the shape may be curved so that their ends overlap each other. In further embodiments, The bearing 100 may be a continuous, unbroken ring. Then, from the blanks of composite materials 1000, 1001, 1002, and 1003, the sliding layer 1104 and The ring can be further provided with a sliding layer 1104 that conforms to the shape of the ring, such as the one formed by this process. The inner surface of bearing 100 is made of composite material 1000, 1001, 1002, 10 as described above. The shape of the bearing 100 having a base material 1119 that forms the outer surface 132, such as that formed from 03. It may have a sliding layer 1104 that conforms to the shape. Alternatively or additionally, the outer surface of the bearing 100 As described above, it is formed from composite materials 1000, 1001, 1002, and 1003. Furthermore, a sliding layer 1104 that conforms to the shape of the bearing 100 having a base material 1119 that forms the inner surface It may have. In other embodiments, the sliding layer 1104 may be laminated on both sides of the ring. .

[0063] During operation, the bearing 100, as described above, is part of the assembly, etc., the first component or The second component may be located adjacent to the opposing component. During operation, the bearing 100 It can be located between two opposing (fitting) components. For example, it can be located between the first component The annular space between the element (e.g., shaft) and the bore in the second component (e.g., housing) It may be located inside. The first or second component is aluminum, magnesium, zinc, Any material known in the art, including but not limited to iron or its alloys. They may be manufactured from the following materials. The surface roughness of the opposing components shall be at least about 0.01 microns. At least approximately 0.02 microns, at least approximately 0.05 microns, at least approximately 0.1 microns Chron, at least about 0.5 microns, at least about 1 micron, at least about 2 microns Hmm, at least about 5 microns, at least about 10 microns, at least about 20 microns, At least approximately 50 microns, at least approximately 100 microns, at least approximately 200 microns , or at least about 400 microns. In other embodiments, the surface roughness is about Less than 400 microns, less than approximately 200 microns, less than approximately 100 microns, less than approximately 50 microns Full, less than approximately 25 microns, less than approximately 20 microns, less than approximately 15 microns, less than approximately 10 microns Full, less than approximately 5 microns, less than approximately 3 microns, less than approximately 2 microns, or less than approximately 1 micron further. It may be full. In yet another embodiment, the opposing components are about 0.1 microns to about 400 microns, approximately 0.5 microns to approximately 100 microns, or approximately 1 micron to approximately 50 microns It can have a surface roughness in the range of Ron. In certain embodiments, the first component or At least one surface of the second component has a surface roughness of less than 0.4 microns. At least one of the inner or outer surfaces of the bearing 100 is designed to create a sliding interface. It may come into contact with the opposing component.

[0064] In at least one embodiment, the assembly applies a lubricant to any of its components. It may include. In at least one embodiment, the lubricant is lithium soap, lithium disulfide. Thium, graphite, mineral oil or vegetable oil, silicone grease, fluoroether-based grease At least one of the following: grease, apiezon, food-grade grease, or petrochemical grease. It may contain grease containing, or of a different type. At least one implementation In terms of form, lubricants include Group I-Group III+ oils, paraffin oils, naphthenic oils, and aromatic oils. Fragrant oils, biolubricants, castor oil, canola oil, palm oil, sunflower seed oil, rapeseed oil, Tall oil, lanolin, synthetic oil, poly-alpha-olefin, synthetic ester, polyalkylene glycol Coal, phosphate ester, alkylated naphthalene, silicate ester, ionic fluid, multiple At least one of alkylated cyclopentane, petrochemical oil, or PTFE thickened grease The oil may contain one of the following, or may contain different types. At least one embodiment So, the lubricants are lithium soap, graphite, boron nitride, molybdenum disulfide, and disulfide At least one of tungsten, polytetrafluoroethylene, metal, or metal alloy It may contain solid-based lubricants, or different types. Numerous implementations In this state, grease may be present on at least 25% of the total surface area of ​​the bearing. In terms of form, the bottom of the sliding layer contains or contains grease, as will be discussed in more detail below. It's acceptable.

[0065] As a result of the embodiments herein, an assembly is formed. The assembly is a first Between the component, the second component, and the first component 306 and the second component 302 The bearing 100 is located and comprises a base material 1119 and a textured sliding layer 1104. The sliding layer 1104 may be provided with a plurality of vertices 22 and bottoms 21, and the sliding layer 1104 may have multiple vertices 22 and bottoms 21 At least one vertex 22 of the number and at least one base 21 of the multiple bases 21 The minimum distance between them may be 0.05 mm, and the sliding layer 1104 rotates with respect to another component. It induces film formation when it engages with the interface.

[0066] In some embodiments, the assembly is used for automotive door hinges, hood hinges, and tapered doors. Examples of hinge assemblies may also be used, such as gate hinges and engine compartment hinges. Applications of the application form include, for example, assemblies for hinges and other vehicle components. The use of sliding materials or assemblies is not limited to doors, hoods, tailgates, and Engine compartment hinges, seats, steering column, flywheel, drive shaft Assembly, powertrain applications (belt tensioners, etc.), or various other types of applications In a few applications, profits can be increased. According to embodiments of this specification, The moving material retains grease at the bearing component interface and / or allows for higher grease flow. This enables more consistent friction (e.g., coefficient of friction) over the life of the bearing / assembly. ) can result in. Furthermore, the sliding material is provided with a textured surface, and the assembly To reduce undesirable static friction and stick-slip phenomena with respect to the grease inside. This is possible. The sliding material extends the bearing life in the assembly, acting as a boundary between the bearing and other components. Environmental conditions can be maintained. The sliding material or bearing according to the embodiments of this specification can withstand high temperatures. It can provide improved performance in high-rigidity environments, and under higher pressures within assemblies. It can withstand speed. The sliding material or bearing according to the embodiments herein is remarkably Furthermore, it provides consistent friction coefficient performance across existing sliding materials or bearings, while also providing adjacent friction coefficient performance. Provides an optimal surface texture for retaining grease within the assembly across the material. The sliding material or bearing according to the embodiments herein provides lubrication within the assembly. Whether present or not, it can function within a very good range of wear resistance. [Examples]

[0067] Testing the sliding material (applied to bearings) according to the embodiments of this specification under several conditions. The results showed that the material achieved improved target friction and friction control throughout its lifespan. The assembly was tested under rotational load all around, as shown in Table 1 below. The sliding material is then arranged in some of the proposed assemblies according to the embodiments specified herein. Ta. [Table 1]

[0068] Furthermore, the sliding material (applied to bearings) (A) was tested using several test methods. Tests were conducted on bearings (B) with sliding materials known in the technical field: 1) Journal bearing tests Tests (standard lubrication tests at different temperatures and Strivec tests using grease); 2) 3) Pin-on-disk testing at high PV; 4) Seat recliner testing; 5) For HVAC applications JPT testing at high temperatures; and JBT testing for pinion gear applications at lower temperatures.

[0069] In journal bearing tests, the bearing is placed between the test shaft and the test housing, and the bearing torque is measured. Data was collected regarding friction, motor torque, temperature, and speed. Figures 7 and 8 show friction. The sliding materials known in the art under journal bearing tests based on coefficients and K coefficients A comparison of bearing (A) having a sliding material according to the embodiments of this specification with bearing (B) is shown. As shown, the bearing (A) having a sliding material according to the embodiments herein is at room temperature. At 80°C and 120°C, it is superior to bearing (B) having a sliding material known in the art. It exhibits high wear resistance.

[0070] In journal bearing tests, the bearing is placed between the test shaft and the test housing, and the bearing torque is measured. Data was collected regarding motor torque, temperature, and speed. Figure 9 shows the 3000lb test. Based on the Strivek test using load and variable RPM, temperature and friction coefficient, The present invention relates to a bearing (B) having a sliding material known in the art under journal bearing testing. A comparison of bearings (A) having sliding materials according to the detailed embodiment is shown. The bearing (A) having a sliding material according to the embodiment described below can be used at different temperatures and friction coefficient values. Therefore, it exhibits higher wear resistance than bearings (B) having sliding materials known in the art.

[0071] In journal bearing tests, the bearing is placed between the test shaft and the test housing, and oil is used. Data was collected under high PVT (120C) conditions. Figures 10 and 11 show different conditions. Known sliding properties in the art under journal bearing testing based on torque, temperature, and oil temperature values A bearing having a sliding material (A) according to the embodiments of this specification, relative to a bearing having a material (B). A comparison of bearings (A) with sliding material according to embodiments of this specification is shown. ) demonstrates that, at different temperatures and torque values ​​for oil and bearings, sliding materials known in the art can be used. It exhibits less wear depth compared to bearing (B).

[0072] In pin-on-disk testing at high PV, the bearing is positioned between the test shaft and the test housing. Data was collected regarding bearing torque, motor torque, temperature, and speed. Figure 12 shows With a temperature of 23°C, a stroke length of 25 mm, and variable PV, wear rate and friction coefficient, Bearings with sliding materials known in the art under lease-lubricated pin-on-disk testing ( A comparison of bearing (A) having a sliding material according to the embodiments of this specification with B) is shown. As such, the bearing (A) having a sliding material according to the embodiments herein is in the Art It exhibits higher wear resistance than bearings (B) with known sliding materials.

[0073] In the recliner test, the bearing underwent 3200 cycles of lock-to-lock, 1 cycle Seat recliner system under a 1000lb load per minute and on the seat. Tested in [location]. The bearing (A) having a sliding material according to the embodiments of this specification is [artificial]. For bearings (B) with sliding materials known in the field, stick-slip / static friction / dynamic It exhibits better tribological behavior with respect to friction and wear.

[0074] In JPT testing at high temperatures for HVAC applications, the bearings performed at 6000 under an 8 MPa load. Tested in HVAC applications using POE oil fully immersed in RPM. As shown Furthermore, the bearing (A) having a sliding material according to the embodiments herein is a sliding material known in the art Compared to bearings (B) made of the same material, it exhibits higher wear resistance and improved bonding strength.

[0075] In JBT tests for lower pinion gear applications, the bearings were tested under grease conditions. The parameters were Moly White LSG Green under a load of 29 MPa at 32 RPM at 80°C. The usage time was 130 hours. As shown, the sliding material according to the embodiments herein Bearing (A) having a sliding material known in the art has higher wear resistance than bearing (B) having a sliding material known in the art. It exhibits wear and tear.

[0076] Journal bearing tests are further used to determine surface texture parameters. This is also good. Journal bearing tests are used to test sliding materials with a smooth surface texture (T). It is possible. A smooth surface texture can have a low coefficient of friction and can operate under hydrodynamic conditions, but there is insufficient liquid retention with adjacent components during operation . The journal bearing can test a sliding material with a rough surface texture (R). The rough surface texture can have a high coefficient of friction, but only thin boundary liquid lubrication with adjacent components during operation may be possible. The journal bearing can test a sliding material (P) according to an embodiment of the present specification .

[0077] The surface texture parameters can be determined using a high-frequency oscillator test . The high-frequency oscillator test can test a sliding material with a smooth surface texture (T). The smooth surface texture can have a low coefficient of friction and can operate under hydrodynamic conditions , but there is insufficient liquid retention with adjacent components during operation. The high-frequency oscillator test can test a sliding material with a rough surface texture (R). The rough surface texture can have a high coefficient of friction, but only thin boundary liquid lubrication with adjacent components during operation may be possible. The high-frequency oscillator test can test a sliding material (P) according to an embodiment of the present specification .

[0078] Figure 13 is a chart of the coefficient of friction of a sliding material against a smooth shaft under increased pressure in a journal bearing test . The sliding material is rotated at 10 rpm ( 0.01 m / s) using a smooth shaft (surface roughness less than 0.06 μm) having a grease containing PTFE acting as a liquid. As shown in Figure 13, as the pressure increases , the sliding material (P) according to an embodiment of the present specification tends to be negatively similar to a smooth surface ​ Unlike sliding materials (R) with a rough surface texture, hydrodynamic pressure is applied to the hydrodynamic moisture. This suggests that it is generated by lubrication (e.g., fluid film formation). This data indicates increasing pressure. As the friction coefficient decreases with the addition of fluid, a fluid film is formed within the sliding material (P). The sliding material (P) exhibits a negative slope, and unlike existing sliding materials, the sliding material (P) This shows the formation of a fluid film between the adjacent component and the )

[0079] Figure 14 shows, as described above, the friction relationship of the sliding material with respect to the root mean square gradient (SDQ). This is a chart of numbers. As shown in Figure 14, the SDQ of the sliding material according to the embodiments of this specification. This shows the optimal gradient for generating hydrodynamic pressure with a low friction coefficient of less than 0.064. The value of is the optimal friction of the existing sliding material due to film formation, as described above with respect to Figure 13. This shows the friction coefficient. Furthermore, as mentioned above with respect to Figures 17-18, this value is the same as that of existing sliding materials It exhibits optimal grease retention for the material.

[0080] Figure 15 is a chart of sliding materials relating to the proportion of apex material, as described above. As shown in 15, the apex material portion of the sliding material according to the embodiments herein is less than 10% This indicates the optimal ratio for generating hydrodynamic pressure. This value is as described above with respect to Figure 13. Furthermore, it demonstrates optimal grease retention and bearing pressure for existing sliding materials through film formation. As mentioned above with respect to Figures 17-18, this value is optimal for existing sliding materials. This indicates grease retention.

[0081] Figure 16 is a chart of sliding materials relating to the proportion of the bottom material portion, as described above. As shown in 6, the bottom material portion of the sliding material according to the embodiments herein is less than 75% This indicates the optimal ratio for generating hydrodynamic pressure. This value is as described above with respect to Figure 13. Furthermore, it demonstrates optimal grease retention and bearing pressure for existing sliding materials through film formation. As mentioned above with respect to Figures 17-18, this value is optimal for existing sliding materials. This indicates grease retention.

[0082] Figure 17 shows the results of a high-frequency vibration test (using PTFE-containing grease, 25 Hz, + / - 1 The sliding material torque gradient as a function of time under 0 degrees (constant PV = 0.70 MPa × m / s) This is a chart of the direction. As shown in Figure 17, the sliding material (P) according to the embodiments of this specification ) exhibits the lowest and most consistent torque due to optimal grease retention and friction coefficient. This value indicates the optimal temperature performance based on torque performance. It also indicates the longer lifespan of the sliding material (P). The study also demonstrates the optimization of grease retention for existing sliding materials.

[0083] Figure 18 shows the results of a high-frequency vibration test (using PTFE-containing grease, 25 Hz, + / - 1 Temperature trend of sliding material as a function of time under 0 degrees Celsius and constant PV = 0.70 MPa × m / s This is a chart. As shown in Figure 18, the sliding material (P) according to the embodiments of this specification This exhibits the lowest temperature during use due to optimal grease retention and friction coefficient. This value is This shows the optimal temperature performance based on torque performance. Furthermore, the longer lifespan of the sliding material (P) is achieved through existing methods. The study also demonstrates the optimization of grease retention for sliding materials.

[0084] Many different embodiments and configurations are possible. Some of these embodiments and configurations is described below. After reading this specification, those skilled in the art will understand that these aspects and embodiments are merely illustrative and do not limit the scope of the present invention. The embodiments may conform to any one or more of the embodiments listed below.

[0085] Embodiment 1: A sliding material comprising a substrate and a textured sliding layer overlapping the substrate, where the sliding layer includes irregularities including a plurality of vertices and bottoms, the sliding layer has a root mean square gradient of less than 0.064, and the textured sliding layer induces film formation when engaged with a rotational interface with another component.

[0086] Embodiment 2: A sliding material comprising a substrate and a textured sliding layer overlapping the substrate, where the sliding layer includes irregularities including a plurality of vertices and bottoms, the sliding layer has a vertex material portion of less than 10%, and the textured sliding layer induces film formation when engaged with a rotational interface with another component.

[0087] Embodiment 3: A sliding material comprising a substrate and a textured sliding layer overlapping the substrate, where the sliding layer includes irregularities including a plurality of vertices and bottoms, the sliding layer has a bottom material portion of less than 75%, and the textured sliding layer induces film formation when engaged with a rotational interface with another component.

[0088] Embodiment 4: A bearing comprising a substrate and a textured sliding layer overlapping the substrate, where the sliding layer includes irregularities including a plurality of vertices and bottoms, the sliding layer has a root mean square gradient of less than 0.064, and the textured sliding layer has a rotational interface with another component ​​​A bearing that induces film formation when engaged.

[0089] Embodiment 5: A bearing comprising a base material and a textured sliding layer superimposed on the base material. The sliding layer includes irregularities with multiple vertices and bottoms, and the sliding layer has less than 10% vertices. Having a material portion, the textured sliding layer engages with a rotational interface with another component. Bearings sometimes induce film formation.

[0090] Embodiment 6: A bearing comprising a base material and a textured sliding layer superimposed on the base material. The sliding layer includes irregularities with multiple vertices and bottoms, and the sliding layer has less than 75% bottom material. Having a material portion, the textured sliding layer engages with a rotational interface with another component. A bearing that induces film formation.

[0091] Embodiment 7: A first component, a second component, and the first component and the second component A bearing located between elements and comprising a base material and a textured sliding layer overlapping the base material. An assembly comprising, wherein the sliding layer includes irregularities including a plurality of vertices and bottoms, and the sliding layer The textured sliding layer has a root mean square gradient of less than 0.064, and An assembly that induces film formation when it engages with a rotating interface with a component.

[0092] Embodiment 8: A first component, a second component, and the first component and the second component A bearing located between elements and comprising a base material and a textured sliding layer overlapping the base material. An assembly comprising, wherein the sliding layer includes irregularities including a plurality of vertices and bottoms, and the sliding layer It has a vertex material portion of less than 10%, and the textured sliding layer is a separate component. An assembly that induces film formation when it engages with the rotating interface.

[0093] Embodiment 9: A first component, a second component, and the first component and the second component A bearing located between elements and comprising a base material and a textured sliding layer overlapping the base material. An assembly comprising, wherein the sliding layer includes irregularities including a plurality of vertices and bottoms, and the sliding layer It has a bottom material portion of less than 75%, and the textured sliding layer is with another component. An assembly that induces film formation when it engages with a rotating interface.

[0094] Embodiment 10: A base material is provided, and a textured material is applied to the laminate, which is superimposed on the base material. A method comprising adding a sliding layer to a substrate in order to provide a sliding layer, wherein the sliding layer is multiple The sliding layer includes irregularities including the vertices and bases of the number, and has a root mean square gradient of less than 0.064. Furthermore, the textured sliding layer, when engaged at a rotational interface with another component, changes the shape of the film. A method to induce growth.

[0095] Embodiment 11: A base material is provided, and a textured material is applied to the laminate on top of the base material. A method comprising adding a sliding layer to a substrate in order to provide a sliding layer, wherein the sliding layer is multiple The sliding layer includes irregularities including vertices and bottoms, and has a vertex material portion of less than 10%. The processed sliding layer induces film formation when it engages with a rotational interface with another component. A method.

[0096] Embodiment 12: A base material is provided, and a textured material is superimposed on the base material in the laminate. A method comprising adding a sliding layer to a substrate in order to provide a sliding layer, wherein the sliding layer is multiple The sliding layer includes irregularities including the vertices and bottoms of the surface, and has a bottom material portion of less than 75%. The processed sliding layer induces film formation when it engages with a rotational interface with another component. ,method.

[0097] Embodiment 13: The surface of the component has a surface roughness of less than 0.4 microns, as described above. A bearing, assembly, or method according to any one of the embodiments.

[0098] Embodiment 14: The base material is a mesh material, grid, expanded sheet, or perforated sheet. A bearing according to any one of the above embodiments, including a porous metal selected from the set, assemblies A numbing, or method.

[0099] Embodiment 15: The base material is aluminum, magnesium, zinc, iron, or an alloy thereof. A bearing, assembly, or method according to any one of the embodiments described above, including the bearing, assembly, or method described above.

[0100] Embodiment 16: At least one surface of the first or second component is made of aluminum. Any of Embodiments 3 to 4, comprising aluminum, magnesium, zinc, iron, or alloys thereof. Assembly by one component.

[0101] Embodiment 17: The sliding layer comprises any one of the above embodiments, wherein the sliding layer comprises a fluoropolymer. Bearings, assemblies, or methods thereof.

[0102] Embodiment 18: The sliding layer is made of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyamide ( PA), polyether ether ketone (PEEK), polyimide (PI), polyamide Mido (PAI), polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polyphenylene sulfone (PP SO2), liquid crystal polymer (LCP), perfluoroalkoxy polymer (PFA), poly Oxymethylene (POM), polyethylene (PE), UHMWPE, or mixtures thereof. A bearing, assembly, or method according to any one of the embodiments described above, including the bearing, assembly, or method described above.

[0103] Embodiment 19: The sliding layer is made of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyamide ( PA), polyether ether ketone (PEEK), polyimide (PI), polyamide Mido (PAI), polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polyphenylene sulfone (PP SO2), liquid crystal polymer (LCP), perfluoroalkoxy polymer (PFA), poly Oxymethylene (POM), polyethylene (PE), UHMWPE, ethylene propylene One of the above embodiments includes an organic filler containing a diene or a mixture thereof. Bearings, assemblies, or methods thereof.

[0104] Embodiment 20: The sliding layer is at least about 0.05 mm thick, for example, at least about 0.1 m m, at least approximately 0.15 mm, at least approximately 0.2 mm, at least approximately 0.25 mm, At least approximately 0.3 mm, at least approximately 0.35 mm, at least approximately 0.4 mm, or less A bearing according to any one of the above embodiments, having a thickness of at least approximately 0.45 mm, Swertia japonica, or method.

[0105] Embodiment 21: The sliding layer is approximately 5 mm or less, approximately 4 mm or less, approximately 3 mm or less, and approximately 2.5 mm m or less, about 2 mm or less, for example, about 1.5 mm or less, about 1 mm or less, about 0.9 mm or less, Approximately 0.8 mm or less, approximately 0.7 mm or less, approximately 0.6 mm or less, approximately 0.55 mm or less, or approximately A bearing or assembly according to any one of the above embodiments, having a thickness of 0.5 mm or less. , or method.

[0106] Embodiment 22: The substrate is at least about 0.05 mm thick, for example, at least about 0.1 m thick. m, at least approximately 0.15 mm, at least approximately 0.2 mm, at least approximately 0.25 mm, At least approximately 0.3 mm, at least approximately 0.35 mm, at least approximately 0.4 mm, or less A bearing according to any one of the above embodiments, having a thickness of at least approximately 0.45 mm, Swertia japonica, or method.

[0107] Embodiment 23: The base material is about 5 mm or less, about 4 mm or less, about 3 mm or less, about 2.5 mm Less than or equal to about 2 mm, for example, less than or equal to about 1.5 mm, less than or equal to about 1 mm, less than or equal to about 0.9 mm, about 0.8mm or less, approximately 0.7mm or less, approximately 0.6mm or less, approximately 0.55mm or less, or approximately 0 A bearing, assembly, etc., having a thickness of 0.5 mm or less, according to any one of the above embodiments, Or a method.

[0108] Embodiment 24: The substrate is embedded in the sliding layer, according to any one of the embodiments described above. Bearings, assemblies, or methods.

[0109] Embodiment 25: Cutting a blank from a laminate and forming a semi-finished bearing from the blank. A method according to any one of embodiments 10 to 12, further comprising the action of accomplishing

[0110] Embodiment 26: The assembly further includes grease, one of Embodiments 7-9 Assembly by.

[0111] Embodiment 27: The grease contains polytetrafluoroethylene, according to Embodiment 26. assembly.

[0112] Embodiment 28: An assembly according to Embodiment 26, wherein the bottom of the sliding layer contains grease.

[0113] Embodiment 29: The grease is present on at least 25% of the total surface area of ​​the bearing, Assembly according to form 26.

[0114] Not all of the above features are necessary; in some cases, a specific range of features may not be required. It is also acceptable to provide one or more additional features in addition to those listed. Furthermore, the order in which the features are listed is not necessarily the order in which they are introduced.

[0115] Certain features are described herein in the context of separate embodiments for clarity. These are provided in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, to keep it concise The various features described in the context of a single embodiment may be described separately or in any partial combination. They can be offered as a set.

[0116] The benefits, other advantages, and solutions to the problems are described above with respect to specific embodiments. While providing benefits, advantages, solutions to problems, and any benefits, advantages, or solutions. Any(s) features that may make the other more prominent are any(s) features that may make any or all of the claims more significant. It should not be interpreted as a necessary, essential, or intrinsic characteristic.

[0117] The description and illustrative diagrams of the embodiments described herein are general in terms of the structure of various embodiments. The purpose is to provide an understanding. The specification and illustrative diagrams describe the structure or method described herein. A comprehensive and inclusive description of all elements and features of assemblies and systems that use the law. It is not intended to serve as such. Different embodiments are combined in a single embodiment. They may be provided together, or conversely, described in the context of a single embodiment for the sake of brevity. Various features can be provided separately or in any partial combination. Furthermore, the scope is described. A reference to a specified value includes all values ​​within that range. Many other embodiments of this specification This may become apparent to those skilled in the art only after reading the book. Without departing from the scope of this disclosure, Other embodiments can be used to enable constructive substitution, logical substitution, or any modification. This can be derived from the present disclosure. Therefore, the present disclosure is illustrative and not restrictive. It should be considered as such.

Claims

1. A sliding material, Substrate and The system comprises a textured sliding layer that overlaps the substrate, and the sliding layer comprises a plurality of The sliding layer includes irregularities including the vertices and bottoms, and the root mean square gradient of less than 0.064 The textured sliding layer engages with a rotational interface with another component when A sliding material that induces film formation.

2. A sliding material, Substrate and The system comprises a textured sliding layer that overlaps the substrate, and the sliding layer comprises a plurality of The sliding layer includes irregularities including the apex and bottom, and the apex material portion is less than 10%. When the textured sliding layer engages with a rotational interface with another component, film formation occurs. A sliding material that induces movement.

3. A sliding material, Substrate and The system comprises a textured sliding layer that overlaps the substrate, and the sliding layer comprises a plurality of The sliding layer includes irregularities including the apex and bottom, and the bottom material portion is less than 75%. When a textured sliding layer engages with a rotational interface with another component, it induces film formation. A sliding material that emits light.

4. The surface of the aforementioned component has a surface roughness of less than 0.4 microns, according to any of claims 1 to 3. A sliding material as described in any one of the items.

5. The substrate is selected from mesh material, grid, expanded sheet, or perforated sheet. A sliding material according to any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising a selected porous metal.

6. Claims that the said substrate includes aluminum, magnesium, zinc, iron, or an alloy thereof. A sliding material as described in any one of items 1 to 3.

7. The surface of the aforementioned component is made of aluminum, magnesium, zinc, iron, or an alloy thereof. A sliding material according to any one of claims 1 to 3.

8. The sliding layer comprises a fluoropolymer, according to any one of claims 1 to 3. material.

9. The sliding layer is made of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyamide (PA), and Reether ether ketone (PEEK), polyimide (PI), polyamide imide (PA) I) Polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polyphenylene sulfone (PPSO2), Liquid crystal polymer (LCP), perfluoroalkoxy polymer (PFA), polyoxymethyl Polyethylene (POM), polyethylene (PE), UHMWPE, or mixtures thereof, please A sliding material as described in any one of the requirements 1 to 3.

10. The sliding layer is made of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyamide (PA), and Reether ether ketone (PEEK), polyimide (PI), polyamide imide (PA) I) Polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polyphenylene sulfone (PPSO2), Liquid crystal polymer (LCP), perfluoroalkoxy polymer (PFA), polyoxymethyl Polyethylene (POM), polyethylene (PE), UHMWPE, ethylene propylene diene, also The sliding material according to any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising an organic filler containing a mixture thereof. Fee.

11. The sliding layer has a thickness of at least about 0.05 mm, any one of claims 1 to 3 The sliding material described in the section.

12. The sliding layer according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the sliding layer has a thickness of approximately 5 mm or less. Dynamic materials.

13. The substrate has a thickness of at least about 0.05 mm, any one of claims 1 to 3. The sliding material described in [reference].

14. The sliding according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the base material has a thickness of about 5 mm or less. material.

15. The sliding material according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the substrate is embedded in the sliding layer. Fee.

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