Exterior wall structure, support members, and construction method of exterior wall

Abstract

To provide an exterior wall structure that can prevent exterior wall materials from falling while minimizing increases in workload and costs. [Solution] The exterior wall structure 1 comprises an adhesive layer 10 formed by applying adhesive to a base BAS, an exterior wall material 30 and a support member 20 that supports the exterior wall material 30, which are connected to the base BAS via the adhesive layer 10, and a joint material 41 placed in the joint between adjacent exterior wall materials 30.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to an outer wall structure, a support member, and a method for constructing an outer wall.

Background Art

[0002] For buildings such as houses, an outer wall is installed to protect the building from the natural environment. For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a method of constructing a transverse wall by fixing composite ALC panels to columns erected at predetermined intervals and a barrel edge with twist nails via L-shaped metal fittings and U-shaped metal fittings.

[0003] Patent Document 2 discloses an attachment structure for a finishing material (corresponding to an outer wall material) using an attachment base material on the surface of an extruded cement board attached to the building frame in a vertically stretched state. The attachment base material 16 is a member extending horizontally so as to straddle a plurality of extruded cement boards, and is attached to the surface of the extruded cement boards at predetermined intervals in the vertical direction. The finishing material is attached to the surface of a plurality of extruded cement boards via the attachment base material by a predetermined attachment structure using metal fittings.

[0004] Patent Document 3 discloses a method of constructing a brick wall surface in which a metal exterior base is formed by installing a plurality of horizontal barrel edges vertically so as to project on both sides of the left and right vertical barrel edges for column fixing, and bricks are installed in a bridge shape straddling adjacent horizontal barrel edges.

[0005] Patent Document 4 discloses a tile-covered wall structure in which a fixing slide support member is attached to a base arranged on a building frame, and a tile member is attached to the fixing slide support member.

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0006]

Patent Document 1

Patent Document 2

[0007] However, the configurations in Patent Documents 1-4 result in a complex construction method, which increases the workload.

[0008] Therefore, the present invention aims to provide an exterior wall structure that can prevent exterior wall materials from falling while suppressing increases in workload and costs. [Means for solving the problem]

[0009] An exterior wall structure according to a typical embodiment of the present invention comprises an adhesive layer formed by applying an adhesive to a substrate, an exterior wall material and a support member for supporting the exterior wall material connected to the substrate via the adhesive layer, and a joint material placed in the joint between adjacent exterior wall materials. [Effects of the Invention]

[0010] According to the present invention, it is possible to provide an exterior wall structure that can prevent exterior wall materials from falling while suppressing increases in workload and costs. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0011] [Figure 1] This is a front view illustrating an exterior wall structure according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. [Figure 2] This figure illustrates the cross-sectional structure of an exterior wall structure according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. [Figure 3] This is a plan view illustrating a support member. [Figure 4] This diagram illustrates the cross-sectional shape of a support member. [Figure 5]It is a front view showing another example of the outer wall structure. [Figure 6] It is a front view showing another example of the outer wall structure. [Figure 7] It is a front view showing another example of the outer wall structure. [Figure 8] It is a front view showing another example of the outer wall structure. [Figure 9] It is a flowchart exemplifying the construction method of the outer wall according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. [Figure 10] It is a diagram explaining the experimental method. [Figure 11] It is a diagram showing the experimental results of the tensile strength of the outer wall structure according to Embodiment 1 of the present embodiment. [Figure 12] It is a diagram showing the experimental results of the tensile strength of the outer wall structure without a support member. [Figure 13] It is a diagram showing the experimental results of the strength of the outer wall structure without a joint material.

Mode for Carrying Out the Invention

[0012] (Embodiment 1) Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In all the drawings for explaining the embodiments, the same members are generally denoted by the same reference numerals, and the repeated explanations thereof are omitted as appropriate. [[ID=三十五]] [[ID=三十六]]

[0013] [[ID=三十七]] [[ID=三十八]]<Configuration of the outer wall structure>[[ID=三十九]] [[ID=四十]]FIG. 1 is a front view exemplifying the outer wall structure according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a diagram exemplifying the cross-sectional structure of the outer wall structure according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. The outer wall structure 1 is installed on the base BAS which is the outermost layer of the building. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the outer wall structure 1 includes an adhesive layer 10, a support member 20, an outer wall material 30, and a joint material 41 placed in the joint 40. In FIG. 1, in order to exemplify the arrangement of the support member 20, the support member 20 that cannot be seen from the front is shown by a broken line. [[ID=四十一]] [[ID=四十二]]

[0014] [[ID=四十三]] [[ID=四十四]]<<Adhesive layer>>[[ID=四十五]] The adhesive layer 10 is formed by applying an adhesive to the substrate BAS. The adhesive is applied to the area where the support member 20 and the exterior wall material 30 are installed. The adhesive is preferably, but not limited to, an elastic adhesive.

[0015] <<Support Member>> Figure 3 is a plan view illustrating a support member. Figure 4 is a diagram illustrating the cross-sectional shape of the support member. As shown in Figure 2, the support member 20 is connected to the base BAS via the adhesive layer 10 and is a member that supports the exterior wall material 40. As shown in Figure 4, the support member 20 has a convex cross-sectional shape with a protruding central portion. Specifically, the support member 20 has base portions 21, 22 and a protruding portion 23 that are connected to the base BAS via the adhesive layer 10.

[0016] The protruding portion 23 rises perpendicularly to the base portions 21 and 22 and includes support portions 24 and 25 that support the exterior wall material 30, and a connecting portion 26 that connects the support portions 24 and 25. It is desirable that the connecting portion 26 be parallel to the base portions 21 and 22. This ensures that when the base portions 21 and 22 are connected to the base BAS, the support portions 24 and 25 are horizontal. Furthermore, since the connecting portion 26 is vertical, the strength of the support portions 24 and 25 when a load is applied can be increased.

[0017] The exterior wall material 30 is attached to the substrate BAS via the base portion 21(22). Alternatively, the exterior wall material 30 may be attached so as to be connected to the base portion 21(22) and the support portion 24(25) of the support member 20. Alternatively, the exterior wall material 30 may be attached so as to sandwich the protrusion 23 of the support member 20, that is, so as to be connected to the support portions 24 and 25 respectively. In this case, the width of the joint can be defined by the protrusion 23. This makes it possible to keep the width of the joint constant, thereby ensuring stable quality.

[0018] The support member 20 is provided with multiple through holes 27. The through holes 27 allow adhesive (adhesive layer 10) and joint material 41 to pass through. This allows the support member 20 to be connected more securely.

[0019] The support member 20 is made of stainless steel. This enhances corrosion resistance. However, the material of the support member 20 is not limited to stainless steel.

[0020] <<Exterior wall materials>> The exterior wall material 30 is, for example, brick, tile, or stone. In the case of brick or stone, slices of these materials into plates may be used as the exterior wall material. The shape of the exterior wall material 30 is preferably a rectangular parallelepiped, but is not limited to this. As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the exterior wall material 30 is connected to the substrate BAS via the adhesive layer 10.

[0021] <<<How to install exterior wall materials>>> The method of installing the exterior wall material 30 is not particularly limited. For example, Figure 1 shows an installation method called staggered installation. In staggered installation, the exterior wall material 30 is installed in a single horizontal line in each row. On the other hand, the exterior wall material 30 is not installed in a straight line in the vertical direction, but rather is installed so as to intersect with the vertically extending joints 40 of the adjacent row. In other words, in staggered installation, the horizontal joints are in a straight line, and the vertical joints are interrupted at each row. In Figure 1, the center of the upper and / or lower end of the exterior wall material 30 is installed so as to intersect with the vertically extending joints 40 of the adjacent row, but this is not limited to this. Also, the position of intersection with the vertically extending joints 40 of the adjacent row may be changed for each exterior wall material 30.

[0022] Adjacent exterior wall materials 30 in the horizontal direction are supported from below by a common support member 20 installed so as to intersect with the joints 40 that extend in the vertical direction. In this way, the exterior wall materials 30 are arranged with staggered positions so that the joints 40 that extend in the vertical direction do not connect at adjacent levels.

[0023] Figures 5-8 are front views showing other examples of exterior wall structures. Note that the support members 20 are omitted in Figures 5-8. Figure 5 shows a cladding method called American cladding. As shown in Figure 5, the third and ninth rows from the top use cladding material 30 that is narrower in width than the other rows. Thus, in American cladding, cladding material of different sizes is used for each row. In Figure 5, as in Figure 1, the cladding material 30 is installed so as to intersect with the joint 40 that extends vertically in the adjacent row, but the method of cladding is not limited to this.

[0024] Figure 6 shows a type of plastering called "butt plastering." As shown in Figure 6, in butt plastering, the exterior wall material 30 is installed in a single row horizontally and vertically in each section. In other words, in butt plastering, the horizontal joints are in a straight line, and the vertical joints are also in a straight line.

[0025] In Figures 1 and 6, the exterior wall material 30 is placed horizontally, but as shown in Figure 7, the exterior wall material 30 may also be placed vertically. Furthermore, in a single exterior wall structure 1, both horizontally placed and vertically placed exterior wall material 30 may be mixed.

[0026] Furthermore, as shown in Figure 8, the exterior wall material 30 may be placed at an angle. Also, in a single exterior wall structure 1, there may be a mixture of exterior wall material 30 placed horizontally and / or vertically and exterior wall material 30 placed at an angle.

[0027] In addition to these, exterior wall structures may be constructed by arbitrarily combining exterior wall materials of different sizes and shapes.

[0028] <<Grout>> The joint 40 is the area between adjacent exterior wall materials 30. In the examples of Figures 1 and 5-7, the joint 40 includes a joint formed between horizontally adjacent exterior wall materials 30 and extending vertically, and a joint formed between vertically adjacent exterior wall materials 30, i.e., adjacent rows of exterior wall materials 30 and extending horizontally. In the example of Figure 8, it also includes a joint formed between adjacent exterior wall materials 30 and extending diagonally.

[0029] A jointing material 41 is placed in the joint 40. The jointing material 41 is, for example, mortar, but is not limited to this. By placing the jointing material 41, the exterior wall material 30, the support member 20, and the adhesive layer 10 can be connected to each other via the jointing material 41. This increases the strength of the exterior wall structure 1. In addition, the jointing material 41 can be used as decoration in conjunction with the exterior wall material 30, thereby enhancing the design of the exterior wall structure 1.

[0030] <Exterior wall construction method> Next, the method for constructing the exterior wall will be described. Figure 9 is a flowchart illustrating the method for constructing the exterior wall according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. Figure 9 includes steps S10-S30.

[0031] In step S10, adhesive is applied to the base BAS to form an adhesive layer 10. Specifically, the adhesive applied to the base BAS is smoothed out using a tool such as a notched trowel to form the adhesive layer 10.

[0032] Next, in step S20, the support member 20 and the exterior wall material 30 are placed on the adhesive layer 10. This connects the support member 20 and the exterior wall material 30 to the base BAS via the adhesive layer 10.

[0033] For example, the exterior wall material 30 may be installed horizontally (diagonally) on the adhesive layer 10, and the support member 20 may be inserted from the upper end of the installed exterior wall material 30. Alternatively, one support member 20 and one exterior wall material 30 may be made into a set, and these may be installed sequentially horizontally (diagonally) on the adhesive layer 10 to arrange one row of exterior wall material 30. Alternatively, the support member 20 may be installed on the adhesive layer 10 first, and then the exterior wall material 30 may be installed. In this way, the support member 20 and exterior wall material 30 are installed on the adhesive layer 10.

[0034] Adhesive is applied to the base portions 21 and 22 of the support member 20, and the support member 20 is fixed to the substrate BAS via the adhesive layer 10. Adhesive is also applied to the portion of the exterior wall material 30 that comes into contact with the support member 20 through through holes 27 provided in the base portions 21 and 22, and this portion is fixed to the substrate BAS via the support member 20 and the adhesive layer 10. In addition, the portion of the exterior wall material 30 that comes into direct contact with the adhesive layer 10 is fixed to the substrate BAS via the adhesive layer 10.

[0035] This construction method eliminates the need to screw the support member 20, which is a metal fitting, to the base BAS, thereby reducing the increase in workload.

[0036] Next, in step S30, jointing material 41 is placed in the joints 40. Once all joints 40 have been filled with jointing material 41, the construction of the exterior wall is complete.

[0037] <Main effects of this embodiment> According to this embodiment, since no complex work is required except for the additional task of installing the support member 20 when installing the exterior wall material 30, it is possible to provide an exterior wall structure that can prevent the exterior wall material from falling while suppressing increases in workload and costs. Specifically, the exterior wall material 30 can be prevented from falling by coordinating with the surrounding exterior wall material 30 via the support member 20.

[0038] Furthermore, even if a connection failure (failure to adhere) occurs between the adhesive layer 10 and the exterior wall material 30, the exterior wall material 30 can be prevented from falling off through coordination with the surrounding exterior wall material 30 via the support member 20 and the joint material.

[0039] <Experimental results on the strength of the exterior wall structure> Next, the experimental results regarding the strength of the exterior wall structure according to this embodiment will be described. Figure 10 is a diagram illustrating the experimental method. The experiment on the strength of the exterior wall structure was conducted using an experimental sample of the exterior wall structure shown in Figure 10. The experimental sample has a configuration with three steps, each having a width of two bricks (exterior wall material). In the middle step (second step), a standard-sized brick is placed in the center, with half-sized bricks on both sides. A tension member 130 for applying a load is also installed on the central brick. With the bricks of the upper and lower steps fixed using fixing members (not shown), the central brick was pulled up to apply a load to it.

[0040] Figure 11 shows the experimental results of the tensile strength of the exterior wall structure according to this embodiment 1. In this experiment, three different samples, SAM1-SAM3, were used.

[0041] In each graph in Figure 11, the vertical axis represents the load (tensile load), and the horizontal axis represents the displacement of the brick. The values ​​on the vertical axis are shown as ratios relative to a predetermined value Y. The values ​​on the horizontal axis are shown as ratios relative to a predetermined value X.

[0042] In each graph in Figure 11, the bricks remain connected to the substrate until the maximum load is reached, resulting in small brick displacement. However, once the maximum load is applied, the bricks begin to detach. When the bricks completely detach from the substrate, they become connected to the surrounding bricks via the support members 20, and this connection is maintained even as the brick displacement increases. Finally, at the maximum displacement, the bricks detach from the support members 20 and fall.

[0043] According to Figure 11, the maximum load for sample 1 was 5.3Y[N], for sample 2 it was 6.2Y[N], and for sample 3 it was 7.0Y[N], with an average maximum load of approximately 6.2Y[N]. Furthermore, the maximum displacement for sample 1 was 3.0X[mm], for sample 2 it was 1.6X[mm], and for sample 3 it was 2.8X[mm], with an average maximum displacement of approximately 2.5X[mm].

[0044] Next, we will describe the experimental results of the strength of an exterior wall structure without support members. Figure 12 shows the experimental results of the tensile strength of an exterior wall structure without support members. In this experiment, three different samples, SAM11-SAM13, were used.

[0045] In each graph in Figure 12, the vertical axis represents the load (tensile load), and the horizontal axis represents the displacement of the brick. The values ​​on the vertical axis are shown as ratios relative to a predetermined value Y. The values ​​on the horizontal axis are shown as ratios relative to a predetermined value X. These are the same as in Figure 11.

[0046] In each graph in Figure 12, the bricks remain connected to the substrate until the maximum load is reached, resulting in small brick displacement. However, once the maximum load is applied, the bricks begin to detach. At the point of maximum displacement, the bricks completely detach from the substrate and fall.

[0047] According to Figure 12, the maximum load for sample 11 was 5.2Y[N], the maximum load for sample 12 was 6.3Y[N], and the maximum load for sample 13 was 4.5Y[N], with an average maximum load of approximately 5.3Y[N]. Furthermore, the maximum displacement for sample 11 was 1.2X[mm], the maximum displacement for sample 12 was 1.1X[mm], and the maximum displacement for sample 13 was 1.7X[mm], with an average maximum displacement of approximately 1.3X[mm].

[0048] Comparing Figure 11 and Figure 12, the average maximum load of the exterior wall structure according to this embodiment is approximately 17% higher than that of the exterior wall structure without support members. This confirms that by using the support members 20 in the exterior wall structure according to this embodiment, the tensile strength can be improved, and consequently, the falling of the exterior wall material can be prevented.

[0049] On the other hand, the average maximum displacement of the exterior wall structure according to this embodiment is approximately 85% higher than that of the exterior wall structure without support members. This confirms that by using the exterior wall structure according to this embodiment with support members, even if bricks detach from the substrate, they remain connected to the surrounding bricks via the support members, thus preventing the exterior wall material from falling.

[0050] <<Strength without jointing material>> Next, we will explain the experimental results regarding the strength of exterior wall structures without jointing material. Figure 13 shows the experimental results regarding the strength of exterior wall structures without jointing material. In this experiment, three different samples, SAM21-SAM23, were used.

[0051] According to Figure 13, the maximum load for sample 21 was 2.8Y[N], the maximum load for sample 22 was 1.9Y[N], and the maximum load for sample 23 was 1.8Y[N], with an average maximum load of approximately 2.2Y[N]. Furthermore, the maximum displacement for sample 21 was 0.58X[mm], the maximum displacement for sample 22 was 0.4X[mm], and the maximum displacement for sample 23 was 0.5X[mm], with an average maximum displacement of approximately 0.49X[mm].

[0052] Comparing Figure 13 with Figure 11, it can be seen that when no jointing material is used in the joints, the maximum load is reduced by approximately 65% ​​even in an exterior wall structure using support members compared to an exterior wall structure with jointing material. Therefore, it was confirmed that not only support members but also jointing material contribute significantly to preventing the exterior wall material from falling.

[0053] On the other hand, the maximum displacement of the exterior wall structure without jointing material was reduced by approximately 80% compared to the exterior wall structure with jointing material. Therefore, it was confirmed that bricks that had detached from the substrate remained connected to the surrounding bricks not only by the support members but also by the jointing material, thus preventing them from falling.

[0054] It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and various modifications are included. For example, the embodiments described above are explained in detail for the purpose of clearly illustrating the present invention, and it is not necessarily required that all of the described configurations be included.

[0055] Please note that the individual components and their relative sizes shown in the drawings have been simplified and idealized for the purpose of clearly illustrating the present invention, and may differ from those in reality. [Explanation of symbols]

[0056] 1...Exterior wall structure, 10...Adhesive layer, 20...Support member, 30...Exterior wall material, 40...Joint, 41...Joint material.

Claims

1. An adhesive layer formed by applying adhesive to the substrate, An exterior wall material and a support member for supporting the exterior wall material are connected to the substrate via the adhesive layer, Joint material placed in the joint between adjacent exterior wall materials, Equipped with, Exterior wall structure.

2. In the exterior wall structure according to claim 1, The aforementioned adhesive is an elastic adhesive. Exterior wall structure.

3. In the exterior wall structure according to claim 1, The support member has a convex cross-sectional shape. Exterior wall structure.

4. In the exterior wall structure according to claim 1, The support member has a plurality of through holes, Exterior wall structure.

5. It is used in an exterior wall structure comprising an adhesive layer formed by applying an adhesive to a substrate, exterior wall material connected to the substrate via the adhesive layer, and joint material placed in the joints between adjacent exterior wall materials. Connected to the substrate via the adhesive layer and supporting the exterior wall material, Support member.

6. In the support member according to claim 5, Having a convex cross-sectional shape, Support member.

7. In the support member according to claim 5, Equipped with multiple through holes, Support member.

8. The process involves applying adhesive to the substrate to form an adhesive layer, A step of connecting the exterior wall material and the support member that supports the exterior wall material to the substrate via the adhesive layer, The process of applying jointing material to the joints between adjacent exterior wall materials, Equipped with, Exterior wall construction methods.

9. In the construction method described in claim 8, The aforementioned adhesive is an elastic adhesive. Exterior wall construction methods.

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