Joining structure and joining method

Abstract

The challenge is to ensure that the eaves or beams can be stably attached to the reinforced concrete structure. [Solution] The joint structure comprises: an embedded plate 60 which is embedded in the side surface of the reinforced concrete beam 3 and has a surface exposed on the side surface of the beam 3; an anchor bolt 40 which is embedded in the beam 3, protrudes from the beam 3 and passes through the embedded plate 60; a base plate 31 which is provided at the end of the canopy 20 or beam 30, contacts the surface of the embedded plate 60 in a surface manner, and through which the anchor bolt 40 passes; and a nut 50 which is tightened on the anchor bolt 40 to fasten the base plate 31 to the embedded plate 60.

Description

【Technical Field】 【0001】 The present invention relates to a joining structure and a joining method. 【Background Art】 【0002】 Patent Document 1 discloses a technique for installing a female-threaded anchor in a structure made of reinforced concrete. Patent Documents 2 to 4 disclose techniques for fixing a fascia to a structure made of reinforced concrete using anchor bolts. When constructing a structure, unevenness may occur on the surface of the structure. Such unevenness hinders the stability of attaching the fascia. When an anchor bolt is installed in the structure in an inaccurate posture, such an anchor bolt becomes a factor of instability in attaching the fascia. 【Prior Art Documents】 【Patent Documents】 【0003】 【Patent Document 1】 Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2022-050726 【Patent Document 2】 Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2020-122333 【Patent Document 3】 Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2023-076989 【Patent Document 4】 Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2023-115905 【Summary of the Invention】 【Problems to be Solved by the Invention】 【0004】 The problem to be solved by the present invention is to enable a fascia or a beam to be stably attached to a reinforced concrete structure. 【Means for Solving the Problems】 【0005】 The reference numerals shown in the following parentheses are referred to in FIGS. 1 to 6. 【0006】 To solve the above problems, according to claim 1, An embedded plate (60) is embedded in the reinforced concrete structure (3) on its side surface and has a surface that is exposed on the side surface of the structure (3), An anchor bolt (40) is embedded in the frame (3), protrudes from the frame (3), and penetrates the embedded plate (60), A base plate (31) is provided at the end of the canopy (20) or beam (30), and is in surface contact with the surface of the embedded plate (60), through which the anchor bolt (40) passes; A nut (50) is fastened to the anchor bolt (40) to fasten the base plate (31) to the embedded plate (60), A joining structure is provided that is characterized by comprising the following. 【0007】 According to claim 1 as described above, the base plate (31) makes surface contact with the embedded plate (60), and the base plate (31) is tightened to the embedded plate (60) by the nut (50), so even if there are irregularities on the side surface of the reinforced concrete structure (3), the canopy (20) or beam (30) can be stably attached to the reinforced concrete structure (3). 【0008】 According to claim 2, The surface of the embedded plate (60) is flush with the side surface of the frame (3). The joining structure described in claim 1 is provided. 【0009】 According to claim 2 as described above, since the surface of the embedded plate (60) is flush with the side surface of the building structure (3), the sense of unity between the embedded plate (60) and the building structure (3) is increased. Since the base plate (31) is close to the side surface of the building structure (3), the sense of unity between the canopy (20) or beam (30) and the building structure (3) is increased, and the canopy (20) or beam (30) can be stably attached to the reinforced concrete building structure (3). 【0010】 According to claim 3, The embedded plate (60) and the anchor bolt (40) are embedded in the beam (3) of the structural frame (3). A joining structure according to claim 1 or 2 is provided. 【0011】 According to claim 3 described above, since the width of the beam (3) is usually greater than the thickness of the wall, the embedding length of the anchor bolt (40) becomes longer. As a result, the anchorage of the anchor bolt (40) is improved, and the canopy (20) or beam (30) can be stably attached to the reinforced concrete structure (3). 【0012】 According to claim 4, The embedded plate (60) is placed against the inner surface of the side formwork, and the anchor bolt (40) is passed through the embedded plate (60) and the side formwork. Concrete is poured inside the aforementioned side formwork. After the concrete has hardened, the side formwork is removed from the concrete to expose the surface of the embedded plate (60). The anchor bolt (40) is passed through the base plate (31) provided at the end of the canopy (20) or beam (30), so that the base plate (31) is in surface contact with the surface of the embedded plate (60), The nut (50) is tightened onto the anchor bolt (40), and the base plate (31) is fastened to the embedded plate (60) by the nut (50). A joining method characterized by the above is provided. 【0013】 According to claim 4 as described above, the base plate (31) makes surface contact with the embedded plate (60), and the base plate (31) is tightened to the embedded plate (60) by the nut (50), so that even if there are irregularities on the surface of the concrete, the canopy (20) or beam (30) can be stably attached to the concrete. Since the embedded plate (60) is applied to the inner surface of the side formwork, when the side formwork is peeled off from the concrete, the surface of the embedded plate (60) becomes flush with the surface of the concrete. Therefore, the integration of the embedded plate (60) and the concrete is increased. Since the base plate (31) is close to the surface of the concrete, the integration of the eaves (20) or the beam (30) and the concrete is increased, and the eaves (20) or the beam (30) is stably attached to the concrete. 【0014】 According to claim 5, the embedded plate (60) and the base plate (31) are provided in a flat plate shape There is provided a joining structure according to claim 5, characterized in that. 【0015】 According to claim 5 as described above, since the embedded plate (60) and the base plate (31) are flat plate-shaped, the attachment of the base plate (31) to the embedded plate (60) is stable, and thus the eaves (20) or the beam (30) is stably attached to the concrete. 【Effect of the Invention】 【0016】 The eaves or the beam is stably attached to the reinforced concrete structure. 【Brief Description of the Drawings】 【0017】 [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a vertical sectional view of the upper part of the first floor of the structure. [Figure 2] FIG. 2 is a vertical sectional view of the cantilever beam. [Figure 3] FIG. 3 is an explanatory view of the formwork assembly. [Figure 4] FIG. 4 is an explanatory view of the concrete placement. [Figure 5] FIG. 5 is an explanatory view of the demolding process. [Figure 6] FIG. 6 is an explanatory view of the attachment of the cantilever beam. 【Embodiment for Carrying Out the Invention】 【0018】 Embodiments will be described below with reference to the drawings. The features and technical effects of the embodiments will be understood from the following detailed description and drawings. However, the scope of the present invention is not limited to the embodiments disclosed below. The scope of the present invention is not limited to the examples in the drawings, as the drawings are provided for illustrative purposes only. 【0019】 Figure 1 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the upper part of the first floor of the building structure. Building 1 has multiple floors. In the example shown in Figure 1, the structure of at least the first floor of Building 1 is a reinforced concrete wall structure, but it may also be a reinforced concrete frame structure instead of a wall structure. The structure of all floors of Building 1 may be made of reinforced concrete. The structure of the lower floors of Building 1 may be made of reinforced concrete, and the structure of the upper floors may be made of wood. In the example shown in Figure 1, the structure of the first floor of Building 1 is made of reinforced concrete, and the structure of the second floor and above is made of wood. The wooden part of Building 1 is a wall structure, a frame structure, or a combination of both. A wall structure is one in which the load of Building 1 and its contents, as well as seismic forces, are supported by walls. A frame structure is one in which the load of Building 1 and its contents, as well as seismic forces, are supported by columns, beams, and braces. The wooden portion of Building 1 may be constructed using panel construction, post-and-beam construction, post-and-beam panel construction, or framed wall construction, or a combination of two or more of these methods. 【0020】 A reinforced concrete exterior wall 2 is constructed around the perimeter of the first floor of building 1. Exterior wall 2 has one or two layers of wall reinforcement and concrete, with the wall reinforcement embedded in the concrete. The wall reinforcement consists of multiple vertical and multiple horizontal bars. 【0021】 A reinforced concrete beam 3 is provided on top of the exterior wall 2. The upper end of the exterior wall 2 is joined to the beam 3. The beam 3 extends circumferentially along the outer perimeter of the building 1. Since the structure of at least the first floor is a reinforced concrete wall structure, the beam 3 is also called a reclining beam. The beam 3 has beam reinforcement and concrete, and the beam reinforcement is embedded in the concrete. The beam reinforcement has multiple main reinforcements 3a and multiple shear reinforcements 3b. 【0022】 Inside beam 3, a reinforced concrete slab 4 is constructed. Slab 4 extends horizontally, and its edge is joined to beam 3. Slab 4 has single or double layers of reinforcement and concrete, with multiple main reinforcements and multiple distribution reinforcements, and the reinforcement is embedded in the concrete. 【0023】 A reinforced concrete rising section 5 is constructed on top of the beam 3, rising from the top surface of the slab 4. The rising section 5 and the beam 3 are integrated. The rising section 5 has rising section reinforcement and concrete, with the rising section reinforcement embedded in the concrete. The rising section reinforcement has multiple main reinforcements and multiple shear reinforcements. If the height of the rising section 5 is low, beam reinforcement may extend to the concrete of the rising section 5 and be embedded in that concrete instead of rising section reinforcement. 【0024】 A wooden base 6 is installed on top of the rising section 5, and a wooden exterior wall 7 is installed on top of the base 6. The base 6 and exterior wall 7 are fixed to the rising section 5 by anchors. Part of the anchors are embedded in the concrete of the rising section 5 and beam 3, and the remaining part protrudes upward from the top surface of the rising section 5. 【0025】 An overhang 20 is attached to the side of beam 3. The overhang 20 extends from the side of beam 3. The overhang 20 has multiple cantilever beams 30, multiple fascia members 21, multiple fascia boards 22, multiple rafters 23, multiple roof sheathing boards 24, and multiple soffit boards 25. 【0026】 The cantilever beam 30 is made of steel, stainless steel, or aluminum alloy. The cantilever beam 30 may be a steel beam. The base end of the cantilever beam 30 is joined to the side of the beam 3, and the cantilever beam 30 protrudes from the side of the beam 3. The nose bridging members 21 are made of steel, stainless steel, or aluminum alloy. The nose bridging members 21 are installed horizontally between the ends of adjacent cantilever beams 30. The nose bridging members 21 and cantilever beams 30 assembled in this manner form the framework of the canopy 20. The fascia board 22 is attached to the end of the cantilever beam 30 and the fascia joint member 21. The ceiling joists 23 are fixed to the cantilever beams 30 by screws and brackets, etc., so as to span across multiple cantilever beams 30. The soffit boards 25 are attached to the underside of the joists 23 and also to the lower end of the fascia boards 22. Multiple soffit boards 25 are arranged on the underside of the canopy 20. The roof sheathing boards 24 are attached to the upper end of the cantilever beam 30 via underlayment or the like. Multiple roof sheathing boards 24 are arranged on the upper surface of the eaves 20. These roof sheathing boards 24 slope downward from the base to the tip of the cantilever beam 30. Decorative material is attached on top of the roof sheathing boards 24. If necessary, waterproof underlayment may be provided between the decorative material and the roof sheathing boards 24. The decorative material may be a steel sheet such as aluminum-zinc alloy coated steel sheet (also known as galvalume steel sheet (registered trademark)) or stainless steel sheet. Alternatively, waterproof underlayment may be laid on top of the roof sheathing boards 24, and roof material may be laid on top of the underlayment instead of decorative material. 【0027】 Figure 2 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the cantilever beam 30. The cantilever beam 30 has a base plate 31, a beam body 32, and a rib plate 33. 【0028】 The base plate 31 is provided in a flat plate shape. The base plate 31 is made of steel, stainless steel, or aluminum alloy. The base plate 31 is fixed to the side surface of the beam 3 by making surface contact with the side surface of the beam 3 in a vertical position. 【0029】 The beam body 32 is made of steel, stainless steel, or aluminum alloy. The base end of the beam body 32 is joined to the base plate 31 by welding or the like. The beam body 32 extends horizontally from the base plate 31. The beam body 32 is a channel material having a groove-shaped vertical cross-section. That is, the beam body 32 has a vertical web, a horizontal upper flange provided at the upper end of the web, and a horizontal lower flange provided at the lower end of the web. The groove shape is also called a U-shape. The beam body 32 may have other vertical cross-sectional shapes such as H-shape, I-shape, mountain shape, or square shape. 【0030】 The rib plate 33 is made of steel, stainless steel, or aluminum alloy. The rib plate 33 is joined to the beam body 32 and the base plate 31 by welding or the like at the inner corner between the upper surface of the beam body 32 and the base plate 31. The rib plate 33 is positioned upright relative to the upper surface of the beam body 32 and the base plate 31. Note that the rib plate 33 does not necessarily have to be provided on the cantilever beam 30. 【0031】 The connection structure for joining the cantilever beam 30 to the beam 3 will be described in detail. The joint structure comprises a base plate 31, anchor bolts 40, fixing part 41, nuts 50, and embedded plate 60. 【0032】 The flat embedded plate 60 is embedded vertically in the concrete of the beam 3, with the surface of the embedded plate 60 exposed from the concrete of the beam 3. The surface of the embedded plate 60 is flush with the surface of the concrete on the side of the beam 3. 【0033】 The anchor bolt 40 is embedded in the concrete of the beam 3 in a horizontal position. The anchor bolt 40 protrudes from the concrete of the beam 3 and also penetrates the embedding plate 60, protruding laterally from the surface of the embedding plate 60. An anchoring portion 41 is provided at the end of the anchor bolt 40 embedded in the concrete of the beam 3. The anchoring portion 41 is an anchoring plate, and the anchoring portion 41 is fixed to the end of the anchor bolt 40 by a nut. The anchoring portion 41 anchors the anchor bolt 40 to the concrete of the beam 3. Note that the anchoring portion 41 is not limited to an anchoring plate, as long as the size of the anchoring portion 41 in a direction perpendicular to the axial direction of the anchor bolt 40 is larger than the diameter of the anchor bolt 40. For example, a nut, umbrella flange, J-hook, or L-hook may be used as the anchoring portion 41 instead of an anchoring plate. The anchoring portion 41 may be integrally formed with the anchor bolt 40 or assembled to the anchor bolt 40. 【0034】 A flat base plate 31 is in surface contact with the embedded plate 60. An anchor bolt passes through the base plate 31, and a nut 50 is tightened onto the anchor bolt 40, thereby fastening the base plate 31 to the embedded plate 60 by the nut 50. 【0035】 The cantilever beam 30 was used as the framework for the eaves 20, but the cantilever beam 30 may also be used as the framework for a cantilevered roof. 【0036】 The method for installing the canopy 20 and the cantilever beam 30, that is, the method for joining the canopy 20 and the cantilever beam 30, is as follows. 【0037】 As shown in Figure 3, after the single or double reinforcement of the wall is placed, a pair of wall formwork 71 and 72 are erected parallel to each other on both sides of the wall reinforcement. Wall formwork 71 is for damming the concrete on the indoor side of the exterior wall 2. Wall formwork 72 is for damming the concrete on the outdoor side of the exterior wall 2. Wall formwork 72 is higher than wall formwork 71, and the upper end of wall formwork 72 is above the upper end of wall formwork 71. Wall formwork 72 is for damming not only the concrete of the exterior wall 2, but also the concrete of the beam 3 and the rising section 5. In other words, the upper part of wall formwork 72 is the side formwork for the beam 3 and the rising section 5. A horizontal square bar 77 is fixed to the inner surface of the upper part of wall formwork 72. Note that the square bar 77 is not required. 【0038】 Next, the bottom formwork 73 is assembled horizontally on the upper end of the wall side formwork 71, and the side formwork 74 is erected on the edge of the bottom formwork 73 parallel to the wall side formwork 72. When assembling the bottom formwork 73, the bottom formwork 73 is extended from the upper end of the wall side formwork 71 toward the opposite side of the wall side formwork 72. When assembling the side formwork 74, the distance between the side formwork 74 and the wall side formwork 72 is made wider than the distance between the wall side formwork 71 and the wall side formwork 72. The bottom formwork 73 and the side formwork 74 are for holding back the concrete of the beam 3. The bottom formwork 73 and the side formwork 74 may be supported by scaffolding. 【0039】 Before or after assembling the wall side formwork 71, 72, bottom formwork 73, and side formwork 74, or in parallel with their assembly, scaffolding is installed on the indoor side from the upper end of the side formwork 74, and slab formwork 75 is laid horizontally on top of the upper end of the scaffolding. 【0040】 Next, within the area enclosed by the wall side formwork 72, bottom formwork 73, and side formwork 74, the embedded plate 60 is placed against the inner surface of the wall side formwork 72, and multiple anchor bolts 40 are passed through the embedded plate 60 and the wall side formwork 72. Nuts 43 are tightened onto the anchor bolts 40, and the embedded plate 60 is fixed to the wall side formwork 72 by the nuts 43 and the anchor bolts 40. Here, as the thickness increases when the embedded plate 60 is placed on top of the wall side formwork 72, the position of the anchor bolts 40 is stabilized and the horizontality of the anchor bolts 40 is improved. 【0041】 Next, beam reinforcement is placed in the area enclosed by the wall side formwork 72, bottom formwork 73, and side formwork 74, and vertical reinforcement is placed on top of the beam reinforcement. Furthermore, single or double slab reinforcement is placed on top of the slab formwork 75. At this time, the slab reinforcement is extended to the area enclosed by the wall side formwork 72, bottom formwork 73, and side formwork 74, and if necessary, the slab reinforcement is bent to extend to the area between the wall side formwork 71 and 72. 【0042】 Next, a floating formwork 76 is placed at a position above the side formwork 74. At this time, the floating formwork 76 is supported by the wall side formwork 72 with a support, or a support is placed between the floating formwork 76 and the slab formwork 75 to support the floating formwork 76. Anchors for fixing the base 6 and the exterior wall 7 are placed between the floating formwork 76 and the wall side formwork 72. 【0043】 After the formwork assembly and reinforcement steps described above, ready-mix concrete 80 is poured as shown in Figure 4. Specifically, ready-mix concrete 80 is poured between the wall side formwork 71 and the wall side formwork 72, embedding the wall reinforcement in the ready-mix concrete 80. Ready-mix concrete 80 is poured into the area enclosed by the wall side formwork 72, bottom formwork 73 and side formwork 74, embedding the lower part of the embedded plate 60, the lower anchor bolts 40 and the lower part of the beam reinforcement in the ready-mix concrete 80. Ready-mix concrete 80 is poured onto the slab formwork 75 up to the level of the lower end of the floating formwork 76, embedding the upper part of the embedded plate 60, the upper anchor bolts 40, the upper part of the beam reinforcement, the lower part of the rising reinforcement and the slab reinforcement in the ready-mix concrete 80. Ready-mix concrete 80 is poured up to the level of the upper end of the floating formwork 76 and the square bar 77, embedding the upper part of the rising reinforcement and the lower part of the anchors in the ready-mix concrete 80. During or after pouring the ready-mix concrete 80, compact the ready-mix concrete 80 as needed to make it dense. 【0044】 Next, the demolding process is carried out. That is, the formwork 71-76 is dismantled and removed from the concrete, exposing the surface of the embedded plate 60 as shown in Figure 5. 【0045】 Next, as shown in Figure 6, the base plate 31 of the cantilever beam 30 is fixed to the embedded plate 60 by nuts 50 and anchor bolts 40. Specifically, the anchor bolts 40 are passed through holes formed in the base plate 31, the base plate 31 is brought into surface contact with the surface of the embedded plate 60, and the nuts 50 are tightened onto the anchor bolts 40, thereby fastening the base plate 31 to the embedded plate 60. Because the anchor bolts 40 are highly horizontal, the cantilever beam 30 can be installed with high precision. In addition, nuts 43 used to fix the anchor bolts 40 and embedded plate 60 to the wall-side formwork 72 may be used as nuts 50. 【0046】 Next, the fascia boards 21, fascia boards 22, rafters 23, soffit boards 25, underlayment and roofing materials are installed on the cantilever beam 30. With the above steps, the canopy 20 is complete. 【0047】 As described above, the base plate 31 makes surface contact with the embedded plate 60, and the base plate 31 is tightened to the embedded plate 60 by the nut 50. Therefore, even if there are irregularities on the side surface of the beam 3, the canopy 20 can be stably attached to the beam 3. 【0048】 Since the surface of the embedded plate 60 is flush with the side of the beam 3, the sense of unity between the embedded plate 60 and the beam 3 is enhanced. Because the base plate 31 is close to the side of the beam 3, the sense of unity between the canopy 20 and the beam 3 is enhanced, and the canopy 20 can be stably attached to the beam 3. 【0049】 Typically, the width of the beam 3 is greater than the thickness of the exterior wall 2, resulting in a longer embedment length for the anchor bolts 40. This improves the anchorage of the anchor bolts 40 and allows the canopy 20 to be stably attached to the beam 3. 【0050】 Since the embedded plate 60 and the base plate 31 are flat, the attachment of the base plate 31 to the embedded plate 60 is stable, and consequently the canopy 20 is stably attached to the beam 3. 【0051】 Wood is used as part of the material for the canopy 20. The energy used from the production to the disposal of wood is less than the energy used from the production to the disposal of metal or concrete materials. Therefore, this canopy 20 contributes to the realization of a decarbonized society by promoting carbon neutrality, which effectively reduces carbon dioxide emissions to zero, and to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). 【0052】 The embodiments disclosed herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. The scope of the invention should be interpreted by the terms of the claims. [Explanation of symbols] 【0053】 3 beams 20 Canopy 30 Cantilever beam 31 Base Plate 40 Anchor bolts 50 nuts 60 Recessed Plate 72 Wall side formwork 80 Ready-mixed concrete

Claims

[Claim 1] An embedded plate having a surface that is embedded in the side of a reinforced concrete structure and exposed on the side of the structure, An anchor bolt embedded in the aforementioned structure, protruding from the aforementioned structure and penetrating the aforementioned embedded plate, A base plate provided at the end of the eaves or beam, which is in surface contact with the surface of the embedded plate and through which the anchor bolt passes, A nut that is fastened to the anchor bolt to fasten the base plate to the embedded plate, A joining structure characterized by comprising the above. [Claim 2] The surface of the embedded plate is flush with the side surface of the frame. The joining structure according to feature 1. [Claim 3] The embedded plate and the anchor bolt are embedded in the beam of the structure. The joining structure according to feature 1 or 2. [Claim 4] Place the embedded plate against the inner surface of the side formwork, and pass the anchor bolts through the embedded plate and the side formwork. Concrete is poured inside the aforementioned side formwork. After the concrete has hardened, the side formwork is removed from the concrete to expose the surface of the embedded plate. The anchor bolt is passed through a base plate provided at the end of the eaves or beam, and the base plate is brought into surface contact with the surface of the embedded plate. The nut is tightened onto the anchor bolt, and the base plate is fastened to the embedded plate by the nut. A joining method characterized by the above. [Claim 5] The embedded plate and the base plate are provided in a flat shape. The joining method according to feature 4.

Images