Illumination system and method for ophthalmic surgical microscopes

Abstract

This invention provides an illumination system and method for ophthalmic surgical microscopes. [Solution] This disclosure provides an ophthalmic surgical microscope including an optical axis. The ophthalmic surgical microscope also includes at least one light source configured to provide illumination having a wavelength range of 575 nm to 625 nm. The ophthalmic surgical microscope further includes a control device for directing this illumination at an acute angle with respect to the optical axis of the microscope.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention generally relates to lighting systems, and more particularly to a lighting system and method for an ophthalmic surgical microscope.

Background Art

[0002] Cataract is a condition in which the lens of the eye becomes cloudy, resulting in a decrease in vision. Cataract surgery is a surgical procedure that restores vision by removing the lens and replacing it with an artificial lens. Phacoemulsification is the most widely performed cataract surgery and generally requires six steps including an anesthetic to numb the eye, a corneal incision to allow insertion of surgical instruments into the eye, a capsulotomy to create a circular hole that encompasses a circular hole in the lens, phacoemulsification using ultrasound to emulsify the lens, irrigation and aspiration to remove the emulsified lens material, and lens insertion. During the phacoemulsification step of cataract surgery, an ophthalmologist relies on red reflex (an orange-red reflection of light from the back of the eye or fundus) to visualize the capsule, lens, vitreous cavity, and anterior chamber structures in order to perform the surgery accurately. Generally, as the cataract becomes denser, the red reflex tends to become weaker and more unstable, thereby making it difficult to visualize the internal components of the eye during cataract surgery. This prevents complete removal of the lens, thereby resulting in a poorer surgical outcome.

Summary of the Invention

Means for Solving the Problems

[0003] The present disclosure provides an ophthalmic surgical microscope that includes an optical axis. The ophthalmic surgical microscope also includes at least one light source configured to provide illumination having a wavelength range of 575 nm to 625 nm. The ophthalmic surgical microscope further includes a control device for directing this illumination at an acute angle with respect to the optical axis of the microscope.

[0004] The ophthalmic surgical microscope described above may be further characterized by one or more of the following additional steps, which may be combined with each other or with any other part described herein, including specific examples, unless they are obviously mutually exclusive. i) The acute angle with respect to the optical axis may be 14 to 18 degrees with respect to the left eye. ii) The acute angle with respect to the optical axis may be -14 to -18 degrees with respect to the right eye. iii) The wavelength range of illumination may be 590 nm to 610 nm, and iv) Ophthalmic surgical microscopes can provide F numbers of 15 or more.

[0005] This disclosure provides an ophthalmic image display system including an ophthalmic surgical microscope with an optical axis. The ophthalmic surgical microscope also includes at least one light source configured to provide illumination having a wavelength range of 575 nm to 625 nm. The ophthalmic surgical microscope further includes a control device for guiding this illumination at an acute angle with respect to the optical axis. The ophthalmic image display system further includes a detector communicatively coupled to the ophthalmic surgical microscope, which is configured to focus illumination reflected from the eye and provide an analog image based on the illumination reflected from the eye.

[0006] The eye image display system described above can be further characterized by one or more of the following additional steps, which can be combined with each other or with any other part described herein, including specific examples, unless they are obviously mutually exclusive. i) The acute angle with respect to the optical axis may be 14 to 18 degrees with respect to the left eye. ii) The acute angle with respect to the optical axis may be -14 to -18 degrees with respect to the right eye. iii) The wavelength range of illumination may be 590 nm to 610 nm. iv) Analog images may be converted to digital images. v) Digital images may be displayed on a screen. vi) Digital images may be displayed by superimposing them onto analog images. vii) Ophthalmic surgical microscopes may provide F numbers of 15 or more, and viii) Ophthalmic surgical microscopes further include a variable aperture positioned within the optical axis, which is adjusted to increase the depth of focus.

[0007] Embodiments of this disclosure are described in more detail by reference to the accompanying figures, which are not necessarily drawn to actual size. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0008] [Figure 1] Figure 1 shows the surgical steps in phacoemulsification cataract surgery. [Figure 2A] Figure 2A is a diagram of a lighting system for red reflection. [Figure 2B] Figure 2B is another diagram of the lighting system for red reflection. [Figure 3] Figure 3 shows the red reflection effect. [Figure 4A] Figure 4A is a block diagram of an ophthalmic surgical microscope with analog and digital displays. [Figure 4B] Figure 4B is another block diagram of an ophthalmic surgical microscope with analog and digital displays that have shutters. [Figure 5] Figure 5 is a flowchart illustrating how to display an image. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0009] This disclosure relates to an illumination system and method for an ophthalmic surgical microscope for providing stable and strong red reflection. Embodiments of this disclosure enable clear visualization of the cornea, vitreous fluid opacity, and suspended matter for complete removal of the cataract lens during phacoacupuncture cataract surgery.

[0010] Herein, exemplary embodiments of the disclosed apparatus, system, and method are described in detail with reference to the description and drawings.

[0011] Figure 1 shows the surgical steps in phacoemulsification cataract surgery. To protect the delicate ocular structure (corneal endothelium) and apply pressure to the anterior chamber, ophthalmic surgical adjuvants (OVDs) are routinely used in cataract surgery. In step 102, the OVD is shown to be optically transparent, as indicated by the arrow. In step 104, a serial annular capsulotomy is performed to open the capsule. In step 106, hydrodissection is used between the capsule and the lens cortex, as indicated by the arrow, allowing the cataract lens to be released from the lens capsule. In step 108, a phacoemulsification device is inserted to emulsify and aspirate the lens material. In step 110, the lens material is removed and the OVD is injected, as indicated by the arrow. In step 112, an intraocular lens is implanted in the lens capsule.

[0012] Throughout the phacoemulsification cataract surgery shown in Figure 1, the ophthalmologist relies on red reflexes to visualize the anterior and posterior capsules, as well as the anatomical structures of the eye. If the lens material is completely removed in step 108, the patient's likelihood of developing complications is reduced. Capturing any remaining lens material depends on how clearly the ophthalmologist can visualize the anterior chamber, anterior capsule, and posterior capsule using red reflexes from an illumination source such as fiber optic illumination or light-guided illumination. Therefore, providing a strong and stable red reflex improves the outcome of phacoemulsification cataract surgery.

[0013] Referring here to Figure 2A, a diagram of a lighting system 200 for red reflection according to one or more embodiments is shown. Person (or patient) 210 has a right eye 202 and a left eye 204. The α axis is a longitudinal axis parallel to the line connecting the back of the head and the tip of the nose. In this sense, axis α is the line that cuts the body in half and separates it into a right and left portion when viewed from above, as shown in Figure 2A. Axis β is the line connecting the light source 206 to the eye (in this case, the left eye 204 in Figure 2A). In this respect, the β axis is the direction of illumination emitted by the light source 206. The angle θ is defined by both the β axis and the α axis.

[0014] In one embodiment, the lighting system 200 includes a light source 206 suitable for the human eye. For example, the light source 206 may include visible light. For example, visible light can include light-emitting diodes (LEDs), fluorescence, or tungsten light. The visible spectrum is a portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that corresponds to wavelengths of approximately 380 to 740 nm that are visible to the human eye. Furthermore, the light source 206 of the lighting system 200 provides illumination to the left eye 204. For example, the light source 206 may include coaxial illumination and temporal illumination.

[0015] To obtain the maximum intensity of red reflection in the eye, the light source 206 of the illumination system 200 is an LED having a wavelength range of preferably 550nm to 650nm (600±50nm), preferably 575nm to 625nm (600±25nm), and more preferably 590nm to 610nm (600±10nm). The light source 206 within these wavelengths complies with the maximum permissible exposure ANSI 2000 for eye safety (thermal and photochemical vulnerability of the retina) and satisfies the spectral reflectance of the retina and the spectral sensitivity of the surgeon's retina. In this regard, a light source having a preferred wavelength range can be configured to provide maximum visibility of red reflection while minimizing damage to the patient's eye.

[0016] Red reflex is the reflection of light from the back side of the eye. Therefore, the intensity of the red reflex depends on both the intensity of the light source and the illumination angle of the light source. In one embodiment, the light source 206 is arranged with respect to the left eye 204 such that the angle θ formed by the β-axis and the α-axis is selected to increase the intensity of the reference reflection. The angle θ may be an acute angle. For example, the angle θ may be 12° to 20° (θ = 16 ± 4°), preferably 14° to 18° (θ = 16 ± 2°). Embodiments of the present disclosure can increase the intensity of the red reflex by about 10 times (one digit). It should be noted that in order to obtain the red reflex with the maximum intensity, the light source 206 must be guided from the temporal side of the head.

[0017] A temporal angle of 16 ± 2 degrees corresponds to the blind spot of the eye. The blind spot is a part of the visual field corresponding to the position of the optic nerve disc. The optic nerve disc is an anatomical feature on the back side of the eye where about one million small nerves from the retina converge and exit the eye. There are no photoreceptors on the surface of the optic nerve disc, so the incident light is not absorbed and instead most of it is reflected. For this reason, the red reflex with a temporal angle of 16 ± 2 degrees is at least 10 times more powerful compared to the red reflex by the light source 206 guided from the α-axis (i.e., θ = 0 degrees).

[0018] FIG. 2B is another view of an illumination system for red reflection according to one or more embodiments. In one embodiment, the illumination system 200 includes a person 210, a right eye 202, a left eye 204, and a light source 206, as described hereinafter. The light source 206 used to obtain the maximum intensity of red reflection while minimizing damage to the eyes may be an LED having a wavelength range of 550 nm to 650 nm (600 ± 50 nm), preferably 575 nm to 625 nm (600 ± 25 nm), more preferably 590 nm to 610 nm (600 ± 10 nm). The light source 206 is arranged with respect to the right eye 202 such that the angle θ formed by the β-axis and the α-axis is selected to increase the intensity of the red reflection. The angle θ may be an acute angle. For example, the angle θ may be -12° to -20° (θ = -16 ± 4°), preferably -14° to -18° (θ = -16 ± 2°). Note that in order to obtain the maximum intensity of red reflection, the light source 206 must be directed from the temporal side of the head.

[0019] Due to the increase in the luminance of the red reflection, the F-number of the surgical microscope incorporated in the illumination system described in the present disclosure may increase, thereby significantly increasing the depth of focus. This provides a clearer (sharper) image to the surgeon. For example, the F-number of the surgical microscope of the present disclosure may be 15 or more.

[0020] The F-number is the ratio of the focal length of the system divided by the diameter of the entrance pupil. The numerical aperture (NA) of an optical system is a dimensionless number that characterizes the angular range over which the system can receive or emit light. NA is defined as half the angle of the light cone that the optical system can receive without causing vignetting of the light cone. For a surgical microscope, F is approximately equal to F = 1 / (2×NA).

[0021] The light-gathering ability of a surgical microscope is proportional to the area of the entrance pupil. Therefore, the light-gathering ability of a surgical microscope is 1 / F 2It is proportional to this. Assuming that the intensity of red reflection increases tenfold, it should be noted that the F-number can be increased by the square root of 10 (i.e., 3.16 times) for the red reflection observed by the surgeon to have the same brightness. By increasing the F-number by approximately 3.16 times, the depth of focus of the eye image will increase by 3.16 times. It should be noted that the ophthalmic surgical microscope of this disclosure is capable of providing F-numbers of 15 or higher.

[0022] Although the light source 206 shown in Figures 2A and 2B is shown not being mounted on any surface, such configurations are provided for illustrative purposes only. Embodiments of this disclosure may be configured to provide a light source 206 to be positioned in a suitable location for ophthalmic surgery, such as a surgical microscope, part of a surgical set of lights, a surgeon's spectacles, and other surgical instruments. The direction of the light emitted from the light source 206 can be adjusted in several ways. For example, the direction of the light emitted from the light source 206 can be adjusted manually by the user. In another embodiment, the direction of the light emitted from the light source 206 can be adjusted by a control device, such as a controller of a surgical instrument computer.

[0023] Embodiments of the present disclosure may further be configured to be incorporated into an optical diagnostic system. For example, an optical diagnostic system comprising a light source 206 may be used for routine ophthalmic examinations based on red reflection.

[0024] Figure 3 shows the red reflection effect according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. Figure 2A shows the red reflection in the patient's left eye according to the embodiment described (302). The light source 206 is positioned at an angle of 12° to 20° (θ=16±4°), more preferably 14° to 18° (θ=16±2°). Figure 2B shows the red reflection in the patient's right eye according to the embodiment described (304). The light source 206 is positioned at an angle of -12° to -20° (θ=-16±4°), more preferably -14° to -18° (θ=-16±2°). No red reflection is observed when the light source 206 is positioned parallel to the α-axis (θ=0) (306).

[0025] Figure 4A is a block diagram of a surgical system 400 having analog and digital displays. The ophthalmic surgical microscope or illumination system used in the surgical system, or both, may be as described in Figures 2A to 3. For example, the light source of the illumination system may be attached to the body of the surgical microscope 420-1 or 420-2 of the surgical system 400. The red reflected image generated by the light source of the illumination system can be displayed on binoculars 426-L and 426-R. Furthermore, the red reflected image generated by the light source of the illumination system can be converted into a digital image by the surgical system.

[0026] During ophthalmic surgery, the surgical system 400 can be used to view and analyze a human eye 410 using either analog or digital images. In one embodiment, the surgical system 400 includes a surgical microscope 420-1. For example, the surgical microscope 420-1 may include an objective lens 424. For example, the objective lens 424 may represent a selectable objective lens to provide a desired magnification or field of view of the eye 410. The objective lens 424 can receive light from the eye 410.

[0027] The surgical microscope 420-1 may include a left spectacle ray 418-L and a right spectacle ray 418-R, which may be formed from light emanating from the eye 410. The light emanating from the eye 410 may be light reflected back from a light source that transmits incident light through the objective lens 424. The surgical microscope 420-1 may further include optical components such as shutters 428-L, 428-R, 430-L, and 430-R. The shutters control the brightness field of view of the surgical microscope 420-1. While the shutters 428 and 430 shown in Figure 4A are shown having two shutters on each face, it should be noted that such a configuration is provided for illustrative purposes only. Embodiments of this disclosure may allow the surgical microscope to have three or more shutters on each face.

[0028] The surgical microscope 420-1 may also include surgical binoculars 426-L and 426-R. The surgical binoculars 426-L and 426-R receive the left spectacle ray 418-L and the right spectacle ray 418-R, respectively. The left spectacle ray 418-L may reach shutter 428-L, which is controllable to either reflect the left spectacle ray 418-L to imaging system 440-L or to pass the left spectacle ray 418-L toward left spectacle 426-L. If shutter 428-L passes the left spectacle ray 418-L, the left spectacle ray 418-L reaches shutter 430-L, which is controllable to either pass the left spectacle ray 418-L toward left spectacle 426-L or to reflect the output light from display 422-L toward left spectacle 426-L. Similarly, the right spectacle ray 418-R may reach shutter 428-R, which is controllable to either reflect the right spectacle ray 418-R to imaging system 440-R or to pass the right spectacle ray 418-R toward the right spectacle 426-R. If shutter 428-R passes the right spectacle ray 418-R, the right spectacle ray 418-R reaches shutter 430-R, which is controllable to either pass the right spectacle ray 418-R toward the right spectacle 426-R or to reflect the output light from display 422-R toward the right spectacle 426-R.

[0029] Accordingly, when shutters 428 and 430 allow their respective spectacle rays 418 to pass through, the analog image of the eye 410 is visible in the binoculars 426, and when shutters 428 and 430 reflect their respective spectacle rays 418, the digital image of the eye 410 is visible in the binoculars 426. Note that the imaging system 440 may be a single system supporting left and right rays, which are shown as 440-L and 440-R in Figure 4A for clarity of explanation. Note also that the imaging system 440 may function as a detector and a camera. For example, the imaging system 440 may collect the illumination reflected by the eye and display an analog image of the surgical site to the user via binoculars. In another embodiment, the analog image generated by the imaging system 440 may be converted into a digital image, which may be displayed on a screen.

[0030] Furthermore, the surgical system 400 includes a controller 450. For example, the controller 450 may have an electrical interface with a display 422. In this regard, the controller 450 may receive digital data representing a digital image from the imaging system 440, modify the digital data as described herein, and output the digital image to the display 422, which can be viewed with binoculars 426. The electrical interface between the imaging system 440, the display 422, and the controller 450 may support digital data processing, and the controller 450 may perform image processing on the digital data in real time at a relatively high frame refresh rate, so that the user of the surgical microscope 420-1 can experience a substantially instantaneous display with little to no waiting time.

[0031] Furthermore, the surgical system 400 includes a controller 450 electrically connected to the displays 422 (422-R and 422-L). For example, the displays 422 may represent a digital display device, such as a liquid crystal display (LCD) array. Display 422-L can generate a digital image for the left eyeglasses 426-L, while display 422-R can generate a digital image for the right eyeglasses 426-R. In some embodiments, the displays 422 include a miniature display device that outputs an image for the user to view to the binoculars 426 and is incorporated into the ocular optics of the surgical microscope 420-1. Note that the displays 422 may be a single device having separate left and right display areas, which are shown as 422-L and 422-R in Figure 4A for clarity of explanation.

[0032] In addition, the surgical system 400 includes a controller 450 electrically connected to the imaging system 440 (440-R and 440-L). The imaging system 440 can obtain a digital image as light is transmitted from the objective lens 424 to the imaging system 440. The imaging system 440 may include a photosensitive sensor (camera or detector), such as a charge-coupled element (CCD) array of optical sensors. The photosensitive sensor converts the digital image into digital data, which can be processed using various methods and then sent to the display 422 for the user of the surgical microscope 420-1 to view the digital image. As described above, the imaging system 440 may perform various digital processing on the digital image.

[0033] In the operation of the surgical system 400, shutters 428 and 430 may first be set to allow light to pass along the spectacle optical path 418 from the objective lens 424 to the binoculars 426, enabling the viewing of an analog image. The user may then provide the controller 450 with a first instruction, such as a software command, voice command, or gesture, to display a digital image. The controller 450 may then actuate the shutters 428 and 430 to position mirrors within the spectacle optical path 418. As a result, the light from the objective lens 424 is redirected to the imaging system 440, where the light is acquired and digitally sampled to generate a digital image in the form of digital data. The imaging system 440 may, as desired, perform further digital image processing on the image in accordance with user instructions or settings. After any digital image processing has been performed (or after no digital image processing has been performed), the resulting digital image in the form of digital data may be transmitted to the display 422, which outputs the digital image to the binoculars 426 for the user to view. In addition, at some point thereafter, the user may be given a second instruction to switch back to viewing the surgical microscope 420-1 with the analog image, such that the shutters 428, 430 are set to again pass light through the spectacle optical path 418 and send it to the binoculars 426 as described above. In this way, the user may be able to switch between viewing the analog image and viewing the digital image.

[0034] Figure 4B is a block diagram showing a surgical system having analog and digital displays, and shows another embodiment of surgical microscope 420-2, in which surgical system 400 may be used instead of surgical microscope 420-1 described in Figure 4A. For example, in surgical microscope 420-2, the spectacle ray 418-L from objective lens 424 can pass through beam splitter 458-L, which can split the spectacle ray 418-L into two rays, the first ray going to imaging system 440-L and the remaining light propagating along the spectacle ray 418-L. For example, 30% of the intensity is directed to the first ray, while 70% of the intensity remains in the spectacle ray 418-L. A beam combiner 460-L may receive a digital image from display 422-L and superimpose the digital image onto the spectacle ray 418-L. In addition, the shutter 459-L may control the propagation of the spectacle ray 418-L from the beam splitter 458-L. A configuration similar to the beam splitter 458-R, shutter 459-R, and beam combiner 460-R may be implemented for the right spectacle of the surgical microscope 420-2. Thus, in the surgical microscope 420-2, the optical image can be viewed by opening the shutter 459 and turning off the display 422. The digital image can be viewed by closing the shutter 459 and turning on the display 422. In the surgical microscope 420-2, the optical image and the digital image can be superimposed by opening the shutter 459 and turning on the display 422.

[0035] It should be noted that a variable aperture may be positioned within the optical axis of the surgical microscope 420-2. A lens with a variable aperture means that the aperture changes based on the focal length. With respect to a light source guided at an acute angle of 14 to 18 degrees with respect to the optical axis for the left eye and -14 to -18 degrees for the right eye, when the brightness of the red reflection is maximum, embodiments of the present disclosure may be configured to reduce the variable aperture to increase the depth of focus of the microscope. Thus, the variable aperture may be adjusted to increase the depth of focus.

[0036] Figure 5 shows a method for displaying an image according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. The ophthalmic surgical microscope or illumination system, or both, used in this method may be one of those described in Figures 2A to 3. Note that not all steps shown in Figure 5 are essential for carrying out this method. One or more steps may be omitted from or added to the method shown in Figure 5, and the method can still be carried out within the scope of this embodiment. Furthermore, some steps may be carried out in a different order, and the method can still be carried out within the scope of this embodiment.

[0037] The method shown in Figure 5 generally involves providing illumination to the eye from at least one light source, the at least one light source configured to provide illumination having a wavelength range of 575 nm to 625 nm. The method also involves guiding the illumination at an acute angle to the z-axis of the eye by a control device, where the z-axis of the eye is the optical axis α. The method further includes focusing the illumination reflected by the eye. The method includes displaying an analog image of the surgical site to the user, the analog image including light from the objective lens of an ophthalmic surgical microscope.

[0038] As shown in step 502 of Figure 5, the method includes providing illumination to the eye from at least one light source, the at least one light source configured to provide illumination having a wavelength range of 575 nm to 625 nm. The illumination is preferably an LED having a wavelength range of 550 nm to 650 nm (600 ± 50 nm), preferably 575 nm to 625 nm (600 ± 25 nm), and more preferably 590 nm to 610 nm (600 ± 10 nm).

[0039] As shown in step 504 of Figure 5, the method involves a control device guiding illumination at an acute angle to the z-axis of the eye, where the z-axis is the optical axis. The illumination is guided at an angle that increases the intensity of red reflection. For example, the angle θ may be 12° to 20° (θ = 16 ± 4°), preferably 14° to 18° (θ = 16 ± 2°).

[0040] Furthermore, as shown in step 506 of Figure 5, the method includes focusing the illumination reflected by the eye. Focusing the illumination reflected by the eye may be performed by a camera or detector of the illumination system.

[0041] As shown in step 508 of Figure 5, the method includes displaying an analog image of the surgical site to the user, the analog image including light from the objective lens of an ophthalmic surgical microscope.

[0042] In a general sense, a person skilled in the art will recognize that the various embodiments described herein, which can be implemented individually and / or collectively by a wide range of hardware, software, firmware, and / or any combination thereof, can be considered to consist of various kinds of “electrical circuits.” Thus, “electrical circuits” as used herein include, but are not limited to, electrical circuits having at least one individual electrical circuit, electrical circuits having at least one integrated circuit, electrical circuits having at least one application-specific integrated circuit, electrical circuits forming general-purpose computing devices configured by computer programs (e.g., a general-purpose computer configured by computer programs that at least partially execute the processes and / or devices described herein, or a microprocessor configured by computer programs that at least partially execute the processes and / or devices described herein), electrical circuits forming memory devices (e.g., in the form of memory (e.g., random access, flash, read-only, etc.)), and / or electrical circuits forming communication devices (e.g., modems, communication switches, optical electrical equipment, etc.). A person skilled in the art will recognize that the subjects described herein can be implemented in analog or digital manner, or in some combination thereof.

[0043] Those skilled in the art will recognize that at least some of the devices and / or processes described herein can be integrated into a data processing system. Those skilled in the art will recognize that a data processing system generally includes one or more of the following: a system unit housing, a video display device, memory such as volatile or non-volatile memory, a processor such as a microprocessor or digital signal processor, computing entities such as an operating system, drivers, a graphical user interface, and application programs, one or more interaction devices (e.g., a touchpad, touchscreen, antenna, etc.), and / or a control system including a feedback loop and control motors (e.g., feedback for sensing position and / or velocity, and control motors for moving and / or adjusting components and / or quantities). A data processing system can be implemented using appropriate commercially available components, such as those commonly found in data computing / communication and / or network computing / communication systems.

[0044] Those skilled in the art will recognize that the components (e.g., operations), devices, objects, and accompanying discussions described herein are used as examples to clarify concepts, and that various configuration variations are intended. Therefore, when used herein, the specific typical examples and accompanying discussions described are intended to represent a more general class. In general, any use of a particular typical is intended to represent that class, and the exclusion of specific components (e.g., operations), devices, and objects should not be understood as a limitation.

[0045] Although the user is described as a single entity in this specification, those skilled in the art will understand that, unless otherwise indicated by the context, the user may represent a human user, a robotic user (e.g., a computational entity), and / or substantially any combination thereof (e.g., a user may be assisted by one or more robotic agents). Those skilled in the art will generally understand that, unless otherwise indicated by the context, the same may apply to “sender” and / or other entity-oriented terms as used herein.

[0046] While this disclosure describes certain embodiments, modifications to these embodiments (such as substitution, addition, alteration, or omission) will be obvious to those skilled in the art. Therefore, modifications to embodiments may be made without departing from the scope of the invention. For example, modifications may be made to the systems and apparatus disclosed herein. The components of the systems and apparatus may be integrated or separated, and the operation of the systems and apparatus may be performed by more, fewer, or other components. As another example, modifications may be made to the methods disclosed herein. These methods may include more, fewer, or other steps, and the steps may be performed in any preferred order.

Claims

1. It is an ophthalmic surgical microscope, Optical axis and, At least one light source configured to provide illumination having a wavelength range of 575 nm to 625 nm, A control device for guiding the illumination at an acute angle with respect to the optical axis of the microscope, An ophthalmic surgical microscope equipped with [a specific feature / feature].

2. The ophthalmic surgical microscope according to claim 1, wherein the acute angle with respect to the optical axis is 14 to 18 degrees with respect to the left eye.

3. The ophthalmic surgical microscope according to claim 1, wherein the acute angle with respect to the optical axis is -14 to -18 degrees with respect to the right eye.

4. The ophthalmic surgical microscope according to claim 1, wherein the wavelength range of the illumination is 590 nm to 610 nm.

5. The ophthalmic surgical microscope according to claim 1, wherein the ophthalmic surgical microscope provides an F number of 15 or more.

6. An ophthalmic image display system equipped with an ophthalmic surgical microscope, The aforementioned ophthalmic surgical microscope, Optical axis and, At least one light source configured to provide illumination having a wavelength range of 575 nm to 625 nm, A control device for guiding the illumination at an acute angle with respect to the optical axis, A detector that is communicatively coupled to the ophthalmic surgical microscope, wherein the detector is The aforementioned illumination reflected from the eye is collected, A detector configured to provide an analog image based on the illumination reflected from the eye, An eye image display system, including...

7. The eye image display system according to claim 6, wherein the acute angle with respect to the optical axis is 14 to 18 degrees with respect to the left eye.

8. The eye image display system according to claim 6, wherein the acute angle with respect to the optical axis is -14 to -18 degrees with respect to the right eye.

9. The eye image display system according to claim 6, wherein the wavelength range of the illumination is 590 nm to 610 nm.

10. The eye image display system according to claim 6, wherein the analog image is converted into a digital image.

11. The eye image display system according to claim 10, wherein the digital image is displayed on a screen.

12. The eye image display system according to claim 10, wherein the digital image is displayed by superimposing it on the analog image.

13. The eye image display system according to claim 6, wherein the ophthalmic surgical microscope provides 15 or more F numbers.

14. The ophthalmic surgical microscope further comprises a variable aperture positioned within the optical axis, wherein the variable aperture is adjusted to increase the depth of focus, according to claim 6.

Images