Plant house structure

Abstract

We provide a plant greenhouse structure that protects plants from heat and cold, and supplies fresh air stably and with zero energy consumption. [Solution] The plant greenhouse structure 1 has a vinyl interior material 2, an exterior material 3, a ventilation layer 4 formed between them, and side wall air intakes 5A and end wall air intakes 6A formed in the exterior material 3. An intake / exhaust port 7 is formed at the top of the vinyl interior material 2, and a first ventilation opening / closing device 9 for adjusting the amount of air vented in the ventilation layer 4 is attached to the outside of a first exhaust port 8 formed at the top of the exterior material 3. Air drawn in from the side wall air intake port 5A rises up the ventilation layer 4, a portion of the drawn air flows into the vinyl interior material 2 through the intake / exhaust port 7, and the remainder of the drawn air is discharged from the exterior material 3 through the first ventilation opening / closing device 9. A second ventilation opening / closing device 12 is attached to a second exhaust port formed on the upper side of the end wall 6, and air from the end wall air intake port 6A rises up the ventilation layer 4 and is discharged to the outside of the exterior material 3 from the second ventilation opening / closing device 12.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention uses sunlight for photosynthesis while protecting plants from heat and cold, and supplying air containing carbon dioxide stably throughout the year and zero - energy into the house, not only improving the quality and productivity of plants, but also providing a plant house with a significantly energy - saving system constructed.

Background Art

[0002] The production of plants in greenhouses has been conventionally used. However, as the temperature rises, the internal temperature also rises, resulting in wilting and withering due to high - temperature damage and a decrease in production. For the purpose of heat - prevention measures and energy - saving, there are also agricultural houses using heat - insulating materials instead of vinyl (for example, Patent Document 1).

[0003] The agricultural house described in Patent Document 1 is covered with a heat - insulating material in which a first resin layer colored and having a high transmittance for radiant heat, a first metal foil having a high reflectance for radiant heat, a first adhesive layer, and a resin film are sequentially laminated from the sunlight incident side. The heat - insulating material is provided in the agricultural house so that the first metal foil having a high reflectance for radiant heat is on the outdoor side, reflects the radiant heat from sunlight, and can efficiently prevent the radiant heat from entering the inside of the agricultural house, preventing the indoor temperature of the agricultural house from rising rapidly.

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0004]

Patent Document 1

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0005] ]Originally, greenhouses were designed to isolate the cultivation environment from external weather conditions, eliminating natural elements such as wind and rain and minimizing temperature fluctuations, thus enabling crop cultivation throughout the year. However, recent temperatures have risen sharply, and when temperatures exceed 30°C, plants suffer from heat damage, wilting or dying, drastically reducing productivity. Some greenhouses use sunshade nets, but this is not a sufficient solution.

[0006] As described in Patent Document 1, some plant greenhouses use heat-shielding sheets made of aluminum foil instead of plastic for the purpose of heat countermeasures and energy saving. However, using heat-shielding sheets made of aluminum foil instead of plastic completely blocks radiant heat from the sun, so plants cannot perform photosynthesis. In such plant greenhouses, LEDs are used instead of sunlight, but unlike sunlight, various wavelengths are not used, so it cannot be said that a satisfactory result is achieved. Furthermore, if the entire plant greenhouse is covered with heat-shielding sheets, the heat energy from the sun is eliminated, so the cost of energy for insulation increases accordingly.

[0007] This invention was created to solve these problems and aims to provide a plant greenhouse structure that protects plants from heat and cold and can stably supply fresh air with zero energy consumption. [Means for solving the problem]

[0008] The plant greenhouse structure according to the present invention is a double-layered structure having a vinyl interior material, an exterior material provided on the outside of the vinyl interior material, a ventilation layer formed between the vinyl interior material and the exterior material, a side wall air intake formed on the lower side of the exterior material constituting the side wall and communicating with the ventilation layer, and a gable wall air intake formed on the lower side of the exterior material constituting the gable wall and communicating with the ventilation layer, an opening for air to enter and exit is formed at the top of the vinyl interior material, and a first ventilation opening for adjusting the amount of air flowing through the ventilation layer is formed on the outside of the first exhaust port formed at the top of the exterior material The closing device is installed covered with a cover material, air drawn in from the side wall intake rises through the ventilation layer, a portion of the drawn air flows into the interior of the vinyl interior material through the opening, and the remainder of the drawn air is discharged to the outside of the exterior material through the exhaust port and the first ventilation opening / closing device, and a second ventilation opening / closing device is installed in the second exhaust port formed on the upper side of the gable wall to adjust the amount of air flowing through the ventilation layer, and air drawn in from the gable wall intake rises through the ventilation layer and is discharged to the outside of the exterior material through the second ventilation opening / closing device and the second exhaust port.

[0009] The plant greenhouse structure according to the present invention is characterized in that the first ventilation opening / closing device and the second ventilation opening / closing device each have a base material having a plurality of base material openings, an opening / closing member that is movable in the direction in which the base material openings are formed, and a spring member connected to the opening / closing member and made of a shape memory alloy, wherein the spring member senses the temperature inside the ventilation layer or the temperature inside the vinyl interior material and contracts, causing the base material openings to open and close.

[0010] The plant greenhouse structure according to the present invention is characterized in that the exterior material is composed of a heat-shielding material using aluminum foil or a vinyl sheet material.

[0011] The plant greenhouse structure according to the present invention is characterized in that the exterior material is a sheet material made by alternately connecting vinyl sheets and heat-shielding materials using aluminum foil, or a vinyl sheet material with heat-shielding materials using aluminum foil attached to the inside, and the area of ​​the heat-shielding material differs depending on the type of plant being produced.

[0012] The plant greenhouse structure according to the present invention is characterized in that the exterior material is a thin solar panel with a heat-shielding material attached to the inside. [Effects of the Invention]

[0013] In the plant greenhouse structure according to the present invention, air drawn in from the side wall intake rises through the ventilation layer, a portion of which flows into the interior of the vinyl interior material through the openings, and the remaining air is discharged to the outside of the exterior material through the exhaust port and the first ventilation opening / closing device. Therefore, it is a system that can automatically supply the carbon dioxide necessary for plant growth. Consequently, there is no need to open and close the plant greenhouse during the day, which significantly reduces labor.

[0014] The plant greenhouse structure according to the present invention is a zero-energy system that utilizes a heat-shielding material made of aluminum foil, air, and a ventilation opening / closing device made of shape memory alloy. Furthermore, it is a groundbreaking structure that not only uses no energy but also eliminates human labor, and the construction method for this plant greenhouse structure is also a revolutionary method.

[0015] In the plant greenhouse structure according to the present invention, because a heat-shielding material is used, the ultra-high speed of radiant heat transfer can be utilized, resulting in a remarkable homogenization of the room temperature inside the greenhouse, which significantly improves the stabilization of the quality of the growing plants and greatly enhances productivity. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0016] [Figure 1] This is a cross-sectional view of a plant house according to an embodiment of the present invention (where the ventilation layer is integrated from the wall to the roof). [Figure 2] This is a cross-sectional view of a plant greenhouse according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 3] This figure shows a ventilation opening and closing device that constitutes a plant greenhouse structure according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 4] This figure illustrates the opening and closing of a ventilation opening / closing device that constitutes a plant greenhouse structure according to an embodiment of the present invention, where (a) shows the closed state and (b) shows the open state. [Figure 5]It is a diagram showing an exterior material used for a plant house structure according to an embodiment of the present invention. (a) is a vinyl sheet material with a heat insulating material made of an aluminum foil and a vinyl sheet alternately joined together, and the heat insulating material using the aluminum foil is attached to the inside. (b) shows a vinyl sheet material with a heat insulating material made of an aluminum foil attached to the inside. [Figure 6] It is a diagram for explaining the movement of air in a ventilation layer formed on the indoor side of an exterior material in which a heat insulating material is attached to the inside of a vinyl sheet material in a plant house structure according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 7] It is a perspective view of a plant house constructed using an exterior material configured by changing the usage ratio of a heat insulating material in a plant house structure according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 8] It is a cross-sectional view of another example of a plant house (where the ventilation layer is integrated from the wall to the roof) according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Mode for Carrying Out the Invention

[0017] Hereinafter, the best mode for carrying out the present invention will be described. A vinyl house can block the outside and the inside of the house with vinyl, reducing the influence of external weather conditions, accelerating the harvest time, or reducing pest damage, etc. There are various merits and the demand has been increasing.

[0018] In recent years, due to the influence of global warming, the temperature has risen rapidly, and the temperature rise inside the vinyl house in summer is also intense, and the high-temperature damage to agricultural products is on the increase trend. To cope with this, a shading net is hung on the outside of the vinyl house to block sunlight, but the effect is small and it is not a radical improvement. That is because even if a plant placed in an environment of 35°C becomes an environment of 32°C, it is not affected so much.

[0019] In recent years, there are also some greenhouses that use heat-insulating sheets instead of the original materials. However, when using heat-insulating sheets with aluminum foil, it is impossible to take in the most important sunlight that promotes photosynthesis of plants. Therefore, although the popularity of LEDs and the like is increasing, there are still cases where sufficient light for growth cannot be ensured depending on the plants.

[0020] On the other hand, when using a greenhouse or the like in a sealed state, there is also a problem that sufficient air cannot be taken in from the outside and the carbon dioxide necessary for photosynthesis is insufficient. Therefore, a part of the greenhouse is artificially opened and closed for supply, but the labor required for its maintenance is also large. Also, there is a method of supplying the produced carbon dioxide, but it increases the cost.

[0021] Furthermore, in order to improve the productivity of plants, it is necessary to keep the indoor environment constant day and night, and the room temperature control in the greenhouse for this purpose is also an important issue. Recently, the increase in electricity bills has been significant, and there is a demand for greenhouses with high energy-saving performance.

[0022] As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the plant house structure 1 according to the present invention is a double structure comprising a vinyl interior material 2, an exterior material 3 provided on the outside of the vinyl interior material 2, a ventilation layer 4 formed between the vinyl interior material 2 and the exterior material 3, a side wall air intake 5A formed on the lower side of the exterior material 3 constituting the side wall 5 of the plant house 100 and communicating with the ventilation layer 4, and a gable wall air intake 6A formed on the lower side of the exterior material 3 constituting the gable wall 6 of the plant house 100 and communicating with the ventilation layer 4. In this plant house structure 1, an opening 7 for air to enter and exit is formed at the top of the vinyl interior material 2, and a first ventilation opening / closing device 9 for adjusting the amount of air flowing through the ventilation layer 4 is attached to the outside of a first exhaust port 8 formed at the top of the exterior material 3, covered with a cover material (ridge cover material) 10. Air drawn in from the side wall intake port 5A rises through the ventilation layer 4, a portion of the drawn air flows into the interior of the vinyl interior material 2 through the opening 7, and the remaining drawn air is discharged to the outside of the exterior material 3 through the first exhaust port 8 and the first ventilation opening / closing device 9 (Figure 1). In addition, a second ventilation opening / closing device 12 is attached to the second exhaust port 11 formed on the upper side of the gable wall 6 to adjust the amount of air flowing through the ventilation layer 4, so that air drawn in from the gable wall intake port 6A rises through the ventilation layer 4 and is discharged to the outside of the exterior material 3 through the second ventilation opening / closing device 12 and the second exhaust port 11. Figure 2 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of Figure 7.

[0023] The plant greenhouse structure 1 according to the present invention is constructed as a double-layered greenhouse by placing a vinyl exterior material (vinyl exterior material) 3 of the same shape on the outside of a vinyl greenhouse (vinyl interior material) 2, such as a mountain-shaped or roof-shaped greenhouse, with a space of approximately 100 mm between them. This space not only takes in air and regulates the indoor temperature to suit plant production, but also plays an important role as a ventilation layer 4 that carries carbon dioxide necessary for photosynthesis. An opening 7 of approximately 300 mm is provided at the top of the vinyl interior material 2 to take in fresh air carried in from the ventilation layer 4 and, conversely, to expel unwanted air from inside the greenhouse, and a first exhaust port 8 of approximately 200 mm is formed at the top of the vinyl exterior material 3 to expel excess air. A first ventilation opening / closing device 9 that determines the amount of air exhausted from inside the plant greenhouse 100 is installed on one or both sides of the first exhaust port 8 on the outdoor side of the top of the vinyl exterior material 3. A cover material 10 is provided on top of the first ventilation opening / closing device 9 for protection against wind and rain and for sealing.

[0024] The construction of the plant greenhouse structure 1 according to the present invention can accommodate various greenhouse shapes as long as it is a double-layered vinyl greenhouse, but the position and opening area of ​​the side wall air intake 5A and first exhaust vent 8 formed in the vinyl exterior material 3 are changed depending on the type. For example, in the case of a mountain-shaped greenhouse in which the ventilation layer 4 is integrated from near the ground to the top of the roof, the side wall air intake 5A is in the vinyl exterior material 3 near the ground, and the first exhaust vent 8 is in the ridge. In the case of a roof-type greenhouse with a ventilation layer 4 in the roof, an air intake 16 is provided near the lower end of the ventilation layer 4, and the first exhaust vent 8 is formed in the ridge. On the other hand, when the ventilation layer 4 is provided in a vertical part such as a gable wall 6, the gable wall air intake 6A is formed in the vinyl exterior material 3 near the ground, and the exhaust vent is also formed near the eaves of the vinyl exterior material 3.

[0025] An important feature of the double-layered vinyl greenhouse (plant house) 100 is the ventilation layer 4 formed between the vinyl exterior material 3 and the vinyl interior material 2.

[0026] First, it plays the role of a temperature regulating layer within the plant greenhouse 100. In summer or when temperatures are high, heat moves from the outside to the inside. Conversely, in winter or when temperatures are low, heat moves from the inside to the outside. In other words, heat is supplied to the ventilation layer 4 from either the outside or the inside throughout the year, so the air inside the ventilation layer 4 absorbs this heat, and furthermore, the narrow ventilation layer 4 is constantly rising due to the draft effect. The first ventilation opening / closing device 9 adjusts the airflow in this ventilation layer 4. When installed on top of the vinyl exterior material 3, this first ventilation opening / closing device 9 senses the temperature inside the plant greenhouse 100 and adjusts the amount of air discharged from the plant greenhouse 100, thereby controlling the overall temperature inside the plant greenhouse 100.

[0027] On the other hand, when used in vertical sections such as the gable wall 6, the second ventilation opening / closing device 12 senses the temperature inside the ventilation layer 4 and opens and closes, controlling the heat entering and leaving the plant greenhouse 100 through the wall surface. The first ventilation opening / closing device 9 and the second ventilation opening / closing device 12 are designed so that the shape memory alloy spring 24 senses the temperature of each part, closing completely when the temperature reaches 18°C ​​and opening completely when it reaches 28°C. Therefore, in summer or when temperatures are high, ventilation is performed to expel heat from the outside, creating a cool environment inside. On the other hand, in winter or when temperatures are low, ventilation stops, and the ventilation layer becomes an air insulation layer, which helps to keep the inside warm. In other words, the ventilation layer 4 is both a heat dissipation layer and an air insulation layer.

[0028] The second is a stable supply of carbon dioxide. In the case of a ventilation layer 4 integrated from the wall to the top of the greenhouse or a ventilation layer 4 provided on the roof, the air taken in from the roof intake 17 flows towards the top of the plant greenhouse 100, where it plays an important role. Fresh air rises through this ventilation layer 4 and is supplied into the interior through the opening (intake / exhaust vent) 7 at the ridge, while simultaneously providing a stable supply of carbon dioxide necessary for photosynthesis. Because carbon dioxide is 1.5 times heavier than air, it rises along the vinyl interior material 2, which is the interior side of the ventilation layer 4. An opening 7 is formed at the top of the vinyl interior material 2, and air containing a lot of carbon dioxide falls into the plant greenhouse 100 through this opening 7 and accumulates at the bottom of the plant greenhouse 100. Naturally, the air inside the plant greenhouse 100 with less carbon dioxide is lighter and rises, and is discharged outdoors via the first ventilation opening / closing device 9 installed at the top of the vinyl exterior material 3. In other words, the ventilation layer 4 is also a stable supply layer for carbon dioxide to the plant greenhouse 100.

[0029] The first ventilation opening / closing device 9 and the second ventilation opening / closing device 12 used in the plant greenhouse structure 1 according to the present invention, as shown in Figure 3, include a first slide plate (base material) 22 having a plurality of openings (base material openings) 21, a second slide plate (opening / closing member) 23 that can move in the direction in which the openings 21 of the first slide plate 22 are formed, and a spring 24 connected to the second slide plate 23 and made of shape memory alloy, wherein the spring 24 senses the temperature inside the ventilation layer 4 or the temperature inside the vinyl interior material 2 and expands and contracts to open and close the openings 21.

[0030] The first ventilation opening / closing device 9 is approximately 60 mm high and 1 m wide, and consists of two overlapping first slide plates 22 and second slide plates 23, each having an opening 21 of the same shape. It opens and closes by the expansion and contraction of a spring 24 made of a shape memory alloy from a Ni-Ti-based material. The main body of this first ventilation opening / closing device 9 is made of aluminum alloy. The opening 21 is configured to be fully closed at an ambient temperature of 18°C ​​and fully open at 28°C. Specifically, as shown in Figure 4(a), when a predetermined temperature is reached, the spring 24 expands, the second slide plate 23 moves to the right in the left-right direction X, and the opening 21 is closed by the second slide plate 23, resulting in a closed state. On the other hand, as shown in Figure 4(b), when the temperature reaches a predetermined level, the spring 24 contracts, the second slide plate 23 moves to the left in the left-right direction X, and the opening 21 opens, resulting in an open state. By utilizing this property, the opening 21 is opened and closed, and the inflow and outflow of air into the ventilation layer 4 is regulated, and as a result, the amount of air flowing through the ventilation layer 4 is adjusted. The basic configuration of the second ventilation opening / closing device 12 in this embodiment is the same as that of the first ventilation opening / closing device 9, and the size and other details are determined as appropriate depending on the location and purpose of installation.

[0031] The first ventilation opening / closing device 9 and the second ventilation opening / closing device 12 operate 24 hours a day, 365 days a year, in response to changes in the room temperature inside the plant greenhouse 100, and are subjected to heavy workloads. To confirm their durability, they have been operated 10,000 times in an artificially accelerated repeated operation durability test. Assuming one round trip per day, this is equivalent to approximately 27 years of operation. Furthermore, since they do not operate in cold temperatures below 18°C, they are expected to have a lifespan of more than 30 years.

[0032] The plant greenhouse structure 1 according to the present invention may also be composed of an exterior material 3 made of aluminum foil heat-shielding material 15 or a vinyl sheet material.

[0033] Furthermore, as shown in Figure 5, the plant greenhouse structure 1 according to the present invention can be composed of an exterior material (sheet material) 3 (Figure 5(a)) in which vinyl sheets 3A and heat-shielding material 15 made of aluminum foil are alternately joined together, or an exterior material 3 (Figure 5(b)) in which heat-shielding material 15 made of aluminum foil is attached to the inside of the vinyl sheet 3A, and the area of ​​the heat-shielding material 15 will differ depending on the type of plant being produced.

[0034] The recent rise in temperatures is so drastic that simply using a double-layered greenhouse structure that allows sunlight to pass through is becoming insufficient to lower the room temperature. Furthermore, it is known that heat-shielding materials using aluminum foil are effective in blocking radiant heat from the sun.

[0035] Therefore, by using a heat-shielding material 15 made of aluminum foil on a portion of the vinyl exterior material 3 that is installed on the outside of the vinyl interior material 2, the indoor temperature is stabilized. The heat-shielding material 15 made of aluminum foil has the property of blocking radiant heat radiating from the outside into the room in the summer, thereby lowering the room temperature, and conversely, blocking radiant heat radiating from the inside out into the outside in the winter, thereby keeping the room warm.

[0036] However, if the entire greenhouse is covered with the heat-shielding material 15, it becomes impossible to obtain the sunlight necessary for photosynthesis. Therefore, by using the heat-shielding material 15 made of aluminum foil on a portion of the vinyl exterior material 3, it becomes possible to produce plants efficiently. In this case, as shown in Figures 6(a) and (b), a ventilation layer 4 is formed on the indoor side, which is the radiating side of the heat-shielding material 15 made of aluminum foil. As a result, in the summer, the low radiation performance of the heat-shielding material 15 can be fully utilized, and the temperature inside the plant greenhouse 100 can be significantly reduced. For example, if a heat-shielding material 15 with a reflectivity of 88% is used, the amount of radiant heat radiated to the indoor side is only 12%, demonstrating its significant effect.

[0037] On the other hand, in winter, 88% of the radiant heat from the inside to the outside is reflected and returned to the plant house 100, thus preventing a drop in temperature inside the plant house 100. In the plant house structure 1 according to the present invention, since the purpose is photosynthesis, the heat-shielding material 15 is not used on the entire surface, but its use is extremely important. For example, as shown in Figure 7, on the surface into which sunlight necessary for photosynthesis enters (excluding the north side), vinyl exterior material 3 and heat-shielding material 15 are used intermittently at 1m intervals, clearly separating the time when sunlight enters and the time when it is in the shade. This allows plants to alternate between sunny and shady environments, preventing them from wilting or dying. On the other hand, the north side of the plant house 100 is not related to photosynthesis, and it is preferable that the entire surface is covered with heat-shielding material 15 as a measure against the cold in winter.

[0038] Since the heat-shielding material 15 made of aluminum foil is expensive, it can also be used by partially attaching the heat-shielding material 15 to the inside of the vinyl sheet 3A. In other words, the exterior material 3 will be a combination of the vinyl sheet 3A and the heat-shielding material 15. This will protect the heat-shielding material 15 from damage caused by flying debris from outside and hail damage, which will be a great advantage in the long term. In this case as well, as in the former case, the proportion of heat-shielding material 15 used should be changed according to the type of plants growing, taking into account the area to be exposed to sunlight.

[0039] In the plant greenhouse structure 1 according to the present invention, the heat-shielding material 15 using aluminum foil is made of aluminum foil with a purity of 99.5% and a reflectivity of 88% or higher. Furthermore, since the plant greenhouse 100 is installed outdoors, if the heat-shielding material 15 has a shiny surface, sunlight will be reflected to the surroundings, which could not only damage people's eyes but also potentially obstruct rescue helicopters during emergencies and disasters. Therefore, the heat-shielding material 15 has a diffuse reflection material applied to the surface of the aluminum foil facing the outdoors.

[0040] The plant greenhouse structure 1 according to the present invention can also use a thin solar panel (not shown) with a heat-shielding material 15 attached to the inside as the exterior material 3. This exterior material 3, consisting of a thin solar panel with a heat-shielding material 15 attached, is used for part of the plant greenhouse 100, while the rest uses, for example, a vinyl exterior material 3.

[0041] As mentioned above, stabilizing the temperature inside the plant greenhouse (plastic greenhouse) 100 is primarily achieved through an intake and exhaust system using heat-shielding material 15. However, in the event that temperature stabilization cannot be achieved, power is needed for the operation of heating and cooling systems, indoor lighting, and various production equipment. To secure this power, solar panels (not shown) are used.

[0042] In the plant house 100 according to the present invention, a heat-shielding material 15 is attached to the interior side of a thin, flexible solar panel, replacing the exterior material 3. Not only can the low-emissivity properties of the heat-shielding material 15 be utilized, but the shading effect of the solar panel is also enhanced, making it possible to create a plant house 100 that allows for more efficient plant growth. Furthermore, because the solar panel is rigid, it can greatly contribute to improving the overall strength of the plant house 100, which is constructed with a steel frame.

[0043] The present invention will be described in detail. In order to grow plants in the plant greenhouse 100, it is necessary to maintain an appropriate temperature inside the plant greenhouse 100, and to provide air containing carbon dioxide, water, and nutrients. The plant greenhouse structure 1 according to the present invention maintains an appropriate temperature inside the plant greenhouse 100 and supplies air containing carbon dioxide without using energy. The biggest challenge is to naturally and simultaneously fulfill two conflicting requirements: taking in sunlight with a high heat content into the plant greenhouse 100 for photosynthesis, while controlling the indoor temperature to prevent wilting or death of the plants.

[0044] We will now explain Plant House Structure 1 step by step, including its overall structure. The plant greenhouse structure 1 according to the present invention is a double-layered greenhouse in which a vinyl interior material 2, such as a mountain-shaped or roof-shaped vinyl greenhouse, is surrounded by a vinyl exterior material 3 of the same shape, with a space of approximately 100 mm between them. The space between the vinyl interior material 2 and the vinyl exterior material 3 serves as a ventilation layer 4, which dissipates heat at high temperatures and acts as an air insulation layer at low temperatures, enhancing heat retention. Furthermore, it also serves as a supply passage for carbon dioxide necessary for photosynthesis, as fresh outdoor air is drawn into the plant greenhouse 100 through the ventilation layer 4. An opening (intake / exhaust port) 7 is formed at the top of the vinyl interior material 2 to draw in fresh air carried from the ventilation layer 4 into the plant greenhouse 100 and, conversely, to expel unwanted air from inside the plant greenhouse 100. This opening 7 is approximately 300 mm in diameter. A first exhaust port 8 for expelling excess air is provided at the top of the vinyl exterior material 3 located above it. This first exhaust port 8 is approximately 200 mm in diameter.

[0045] The plant greenhouse structure 1 of the present invention can be constructed in various shapes of greenhouses as long as they are double-layered vinyl greenhouses, but the position and opening area of ​​the intake and exhaust ports formed in the vinyl exterior material 3 are changed depending on the type. For example, in the case of a mountain-shaped greenhouse in which the ventilation layer 4 is integrated from near the ground to the top of the roof, the side wall intake port 5A is in the vinyl exterior material 3 near the ground, and the first exhaust port 8 is the exhaust port at the ridge. In this case, the air taken in from the side wall intake port 5A rises up the ventilation layer 4, some of the taken-in air flows into the plant greenhouse 100 through the opening (intake / exhaust port) 7 of the vinyl interior material 2, and the remaining taken-in air is discharged to the outside through the first exhaust port 8 of the vinyl exterior material 3 and the first ventilation opening / closing device 9.

[0046] On the other hand, in the case of the ventilation layer 4 formed in the vertical part of the gable wall 6, the air intake 6A is located in the vinyl exterior material 3 near the ground, and the second exhaust port 11 is also located near the eaves of the vinyl exterior material 3. In this case, the purpose is to regulate the temperature inside the plant greenhouse 100, and the air taken in from the air intake 6A rises through the ventilation layer 4 and is discharged to the outside through the second ventilation opening / closing device 12 and the second exhaust port 11 of the vinyl exterior material 3.

[0047] The first ventilation opening / closing device 9 and the second ventilation opening / closing device 12, which use shape memory alloy, are installed on the top of the ridge of the exterior material and are used in one to two rows depending on the size of the greenhouse. They open and close in response to the temperature inside the plant greenhouse 100. The first ventilation opening / closing device 9 and the second ventilation opening / closing device 12 used in this invention are fully closed at an ambient temperature of 18°C ​​and open and close at an ambient temperature of 28°C. During the daytime when the temperature is high, the first ventilation opening / closing device 9 and the second ventilation opening / closing device 12 are in the open state, and the air in the ventilation layer 4 is discharged from inside the plant greenhouse 100 to the outside. On the other hand, as the room temperature decreases towards night, they gradually close, and are fully closed at 18°C, stopping ventilation.

[0048] In the morning, sunlight shines directly to the plant house 100 from the side, so the temperature inside the plant house 100 rises quickly, and ventilation resumes. In the case of the plant house 100, where the ventilation layers 4 of the walls and roof are separate, the air layer on the wall surface is intended to stabilize the temperature inside, and the air chamber on the roof surface serves the same purpose as the aforementioned wall-roof integrated ventilation layer 4. On the wall surface, an air intake 6A is formed near the ground of the vinyl exterior material 3, a second exhaust vent 11 is provided at the eaves, a second ventilation opening / closing device 12 using a shape memory alloy is installed above the second exhaust vent 11, and an exhaust vent is further formed in the vinyl exterior material 3 at the eaves above that. Air taken in from the air intake 6A rises up the wall and is discharged to the outside via the second ventilation opening / closing device 12 and then the second exhaust vent 11. The second ventilation switch 12 operates by sensing the temperature inside the ventilation layer 4. When the temperature is 18°C ​​or lower, ventilation stops completely, creating a heat retention state, and the ventilation layer 4 becomes an air insulation layer, keeping the room warm.

[0049] There are two purposes for forming the ventilation layer 4. The first requirement is a stable supply of carbon dioxide. In summer and high temperatures, the air is constantly heated from the outside, and in winter and cold temperatures, it is heated from the inside, so the air gains buoyancy and rises. In the case of an integrated ventilation layer 4 from the wall to the roof, as shown in Figure 8, an air intake 5A is provided near the ground of the vinyl exterior material 3 to take in air. Fresh air containing a large amount of carbon dioxide rises through the ventilation layer 4 from this air intake 5A, passes through the first exhaust port 8 at the ridge, and is discharged to the outside from the first ventilation opening / closing device 9 using a shape memory alloy. At this time, lighter air rises due to buoyancy in the part of the ventilation layer 4 closest to the vinyl exterior material 3, while heavier air containing carbon dioxide rises simultaneously on the vinyl interior material 2 side. When the air reaches the opening (intake / exhaust port) 7 at the top of the vinyl interior material 2, the heavier air containing carbon dioxide flows into the room and accumulates at the bottom of the greenhouse. As a result, the lighter air inside the plant greenhouse 100 is pushed out from inside the plant greenhouse 100 and discharged from the opening 7 at the ridge.

[0050] Meanwhile, the lightweight air within the ventilation layer 4 is discharged outdoors through the first exhaust port 8 of the vinyl exterior material 3 via the first ventilation opening / closing device 9, which uses a shape memory alloy. In this way, the interior of the plant greenhouse 100 is constantly supplied with sufficient carbon dioxide. By forming the ventilation layer 4, a system is constructed that constantly and stably supplies fresh air rich in carbon dioxide with zero energy.

[0051] The second is the stabilization of the temperature inside the plant house 100. In summer or when temperatures are high, heat is transferred from the outside to the inside of the plant house 100. At that time, some of the radiant heat from the outside is transmitted, but some is absorbed by the vinyl exterior material 3 and vinyl interior material 2. This absorbed heat is transferred to the air in the ventilation layer 4 and discharged to the outside in the form of convective heat. In winter or when temperatures are low, the heat inside the plant house 100 is directed to the outside, but when the temperature inside the ventilation layer 4 reaches 18°C, the temperature sensors of the shape memory alloy used in the first ventilation opening / closing device 9 and the second ventilation opening / closing device 12 react, stopping the ventilation, and the structure then becomes an air insulation layer. In this way, when the daytime temperature is high, the amount of air ventilated in the ventilation layer 4 increases, preventing heat from entering the room, and as the temperature drops towards night, it quickly transforms into an air insulation layer to keep the room warm. This function continues 24 hours a day, 365 days a year, making it possible to stabilize the environment inside the plant house 100.

[0052] If the double-layered structure of the plant greenhouse (vinyl greenhouse) 100 allows too much heat to enter the interior, a heat-shielding material 15 made of aluminum foil is used as part of the exterior material. The amount of sunlight necessary for plant photosynthesis can be taken in according to the plant's needs, and the rest is blocked by the heat-shielding material 15 made of aluminum foil, making it possible to prevent excessive heat from entering the plant greenhouse 100. When using the heat-shielding material 15 as the exterior material 3, the intensity of heat penetration can be varied by using the vinyl sheet 3A and the heat-shielding material 15 alternately. For example, if the temperature of the ground that passes through the vinyl greenhouse is 35℃, the part using the heat-shielding material 15 will be about 25℃, resulting in a very large difference in the heat received by the plants. Wilting and dying of plants are largely caused by an imbalance between water absorption from the ground and water release from the leaves, etc., and these problems can be solved by giving them a rest period that reliably lowers the temperature. Moreover, since the room temperature is the same inside the same plant greenhouse 100, this temperature difference is due to the effect of radiant heat, and such results cannot be produced without the heat-shielding material 15. Different plants require different amounts of sunlight for photosynthesis. For example, if a plant needs 4 to 5 hours of sunlight, then it is sufficient to use the heat-shielding material 15 on roughly half of the vinyl exterior material 3. On the other hand, using the heat-shielding material 15 also allows for energy savings by improving heat retention performance in winter.

[0053] A further benefit is that the heat-shielding material 15 efficiently reflects radiant heat, which travels at an extremely high speed of 300,000 kilometers per second. This improves the uniformity of the room temperature, ultimately leading to improved quality and increased plant productivity within the plant greenhouse 100.

[0054] When using the plant greenhouse 100 for an extended period, issues such as flying debris and hail damage must also be considered. In such cases, the entire exterior material 3 can be covered with inexpensive vinyl greenhouse material, and the heat-shielding material 15 can be attached to the interior side as needed, creating a double exterior sheet structure. In this way, the plant greenhouse 100 constructed with the plant greenhouse structure 1 of the present invention is groundbreaking because it can simultaneously perform photosynthesis using sunlight and improve the indoor environment, and can be done with zero energy, thus reliably addressing the temperature rise caused by global warming.

[0055] In addition, to secure power for various equipment used inside the plant greenhouse 100, such as lighting fixtures and auxiliary heating and cooling equipment, it is also possible to use a material with a heat-shielding material 15 attached to the interior side of a bendable, thin solar panel as a substitute for the exterior material 3. Not only can the low-emissivity performance of the heat-shielding material 15 be utilized, but it also enhances the shading effect of the solar panel, leading to an improvement in the indoor environment. In this way, the plant greenhouse 100 does not require electricity for most of the production equipment, and can contribute to further measures against global warming.

[0056] As described above, photosynthetic cultivation using sunlight must solve the conflicting problems of bringing the greatest amount of heat—sunlight—into the room while simultaneously improving the environment inside the plant greenhouse 100. The key points are as follows:

[0057] First: Photosynthesis using sunlight (1) Take in sunlight: Use a greenhouse (2) Natural supply of carbon dioxide: Double-layered ventilation Second: Preventing wilting and decay (1) Intermittent use of solar radiation: Use of heat-shielding materials Third: Stabilizing the indoor temperature environment (1) Adjustment of total solar radiation: Use of heat shielding (2) Stabilization of room temperature: Ventilation switch (shape memory alloy) Fourth: Improving productivity (1) Uniformity of indoor temperature: Heat-shielding materials (environment utilizing ultrafast radiant heat)

[0058] Based on these results, the ideal plant greenhouse should ideally have the following configuration. (1) The entire structure is double-layered with a ventilation layer, and the room temperature is controlled 24 hours a day with zero energy using a ventilation opening and closing device. (2) On the north side and other areas where direct sunlight cannot enter, heat-shielding material will be installed on the entire surface to block conductive heat from the outside in the summer, creating a cool environment, and to block radiant heat from the inside in the winter, improving heat retention. (3) On surfaces exposed to direct sunlight, alternate sheets of vinyl and heat-shielding material are installed to create an environment that allows plants to rest and prevent wilting. (4) For areas where direct sunlight enters and heat shielding is applied, heat-shielding solar panels will be used to secure electricity and increase the strength of the house structure.

[0059] [Test 1] Three boxes were made from 15mm square lumber, with external dimensions of 9cm (length) x 15cm (width) x 20cm (height). Two of the boxes were enclosed in vinyl sheeting (Box A), and the remaining one was enclosed in vinyl sheeting on the front and three sides (Box B). In the first test specimen, Box B was placed in front of Box B, and Box A was placed in close contact with the back of Box B. The second test specimen consisted of only the fully sealed Box A. Both test specimens were placed in front of a 1kW far-infrared heater, both at a height of 5cm from the floor, with the front of both at the same position from the heater. The second test specimen simulates a normal vinyl sheeting greenhouse, while the first test specimen had an open box on the heater side and a sealed box behind it, simulating a double-layered greenhouse with a 9cm ventilation layer on the outside of a normal vinyl box. Furthermore, a thermorecorder was placed in the center of both test specimens, and the heater temperature was gradually increased in this state.

[0060] Result 1 is shown in Tables 1 and 2.

[0061] [Table 1-1] [Table 1-2] [Table 1-3]

[0062] [Table 2]

[0063] [Consideration 1] The temperature of the second test specimen, which simulated a typical greenhouse, was considered to be within the growth range of plants cultivated in a normal greenhouse, and the final temperature was set to approximately 30°C. In this test, when the second test specimen reached 30.1°C, the first test specimen, which had a ventilation layer, was 25.6°C, a difference of 4.5°C. This shows that even adding a 9cm air layer can lower the temperature by 4.5°C.

[0064] [Exam 2] Three boxes were constructed from 15mm square timber, with external dimensions of 9cm (length) x 15cm (width) x 20cm (height). Two boxes were enclosed in vinyl sheeting (Box A), and the remaining box was enclosed in vinyl sheeting on the front and three sides (Box B). For the first test specimen, Box B was placed in front of Box B, and Box A was placed directly behind it. The second test specimen consisted only of the fully sealed Box A. Both test specimens were placed in front of a 1kW far-infrared heater, both at a height of 5cm from the floor, with the front of both at the same position from the heater. The second test specimen is based on a standard vinyl sheeting greenhouse, while the first test specimen has an open box on the heater side and a sealed box behind it, simulating a double-layered greenhouse with a 9cm ventilation layer on the outside of a standard vinyl box. In this experiment, we also applied THB-SOW2 heat shielding material to half of the front of the first test specimen to investigate the temperature change inside the box when the amount of radiant heat irradiation was reduced by 50%. A thermorecorder was placed in the center of each test specimen, and the heater temperature was gradually increased in this state.

[0065] Results 2 are shown in Tables 3 and 4.

[0066] [Table 3-1] [Table 3-2] [Table 3-3]

[0067] [Table 4]

[0068] [Consideration 2] (1) When the second test specimen was at 29.9°C, the first test specimen was at 22.2°C, a difference of 7.7°C. (2) It can be seen that the temperature inside the greenhouse can be controlled by the amount of heat-shielding applied to the surface of the vinyl greenhouse.

[0069] Although this embodiment has been described above, it is possible to select or omit the configurations listed in the above embodiment, or to change them to other configurations as appropriate, as long as they do not deviate from the spirit of the present invention. [Explanation of Symbols]

[0070] 1. Plant House Structure 2. Vinyl interior materials 3. Exterior materials (vinyl exterior materials) 3A Vinyl Sheet 4. Ventilation layer 5 side wall 5A Side wall air intake (air intake) 6. Gable wall 6A End wall air intake (air intake) 7. Openings (intake and exhaust ports) 8. First exhaust port (exhaust port) 9. First ventilation switch 10. Cover material (ridge cover material) 11. Second exhaust port (exhaust port) 12 Second ventilation switch 15 Heat shield material 16 Air intake 17 Roof air intake 21 Opening (base material opening) 22 First slide plate (base material) 23. Second sliding plate (opening / closing member) 24 Springs 100 Plant Houses A1 Low temperature air A2 High-temperature air X Left / right direction

Claims

1. In a double-layered plant greenhouse structure having a vinyl interior material, an exterior material provided on the outside of the vinyl interior material, a ventilation layer formed between the vinyl interior material and the exterior material, a side wall air intake formed on the lower side of the exterior material constituting the side wall and communicating with the ventilation layer, and a gable wall air intake formed on the lower side of the exterior material constituting the gable wall and communicating with the ventilation layer, An opening is formed at the top of the aforementioned vinyl interior material for air to enter and exit. A first ventilation opening / closing device, which adjusts the amount of air flowing through the ventilation layer, is attached to the outside of a first exhaust port formed at the top of the exterior material, covered by a cover material. Air drawn in from the side wall intake port rises through the ventilation layer, a portion of the drawn-in air flows into the interior of the vinyl interior material through the opening, and the remainder of the drawn-in air is discharged to the outside of the exterior material through the first exhaust port and the first ventilation opening / closing device. A second ventilation opening / closing device is attached to a second exhaust port formed on the upper side of the gable wall to adjust the amount of air flowing through the ventilation layer, and air drawn in from the gable wall intake port rises through the ventilation layer and is discharged to the outside of the exterior material from the second ventilation opening / closing device and the second exhaust port. A plant greenhouse structure characterized by the following features.

2. The first ventilation opening / closing device and the second ventilation opening / closing device each comprise a base material having a plurality of base material openings, an opening / closing member movable in the direction of forming the base material openings, and a spring member connected to the opening / closing member and made of a shape memory alloy. The spring member senses the temperature inside the ventilation layer or the temperature inside the vinyl interior material and contracts, causing the base material opening to open and close. The plant greenhouse structure according to feature 1.

3. The exterior material is composed of a heat-shielding material using aluminum foil or a vinyl sheet material. The plant greenhouse structure according to claim 1 or 2.

4. The exterior material is a sheet material made by alternately joining together vinyl sheets and heat-shielding materials using aluminum foil, or a vinyl sheet material with a heat-shielding material using aluminum foil attached to the inside. The area of ​​the heat-shielding material varies depending on the type of plant being produced. The plant greenhouse structure according to claim 1 or 2.

5. The exterior material is a thin solar panel with a heat-shielding material attached to the inside. The plant greenhouse structure according to claim 1 or 2.

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