Orientation-independent coma-compensated liquid lens

Abstract

To provide an improved lens for reducing gravity coma, and more specifically for reducing any gravity-induced aberration. [Solution] With respect to a lens (1), the lens (1) comprises: a first chamber (C1) filled with a first transparent liquid (L1) having a first mass density (ρ1) and a first refractive index (n1), and a second mass density (ρ 2) The lens (1) comprises a second chamber (C2) filled with a second transparent liquid (L2) having a first and second refractive index (n2), and a transparent and elastically deformable first membrane (12) separating the two chambers (C1, C2) from each other and in contact with the first liquid (L1) and the second liquid (L2), wherein the mass densities (ρ1, ρ2) and the refractive index (n1, n2) are selected to reduce or prevent gravity-induced coma aberration of the lens (1).

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a liquid lens.

[0002] In particular, an object of the present invention is to solve the problem of gravity coma of a liquid lens, that is, to provide a reduction in spherical aberration, particularly a reduction in gravity-induced wavefront aberration.

Background Art

[0003] Gravity-induced vertical coma aberration (also referred to as gravity coma in this specification) is caused by a hydrostatic pressure difference that results in a non-rotationally symmetric film shape. In other words, due to the weight of the liquid within the lens, the deformation of the film at the lower part of the lens is somewhat higher than that at the upper part.

[0004] For example, as shown in FIG. 1, in cross-section A, the optical path (thickness of the lens) is smaller than in cross-section B. The local deflection / refractive forces that occur at different positions at the same distance from the container are different across the entire liquid lens, inducing optical aberrations. So far (for example, see FIG. 2), gravity coma has been corrected with a rigid non-adjustable coma plate. However, this only functions for one fixed orientation and for a specific deflection of the film.

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0005] Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide an improved lens for reducing gravity coma, and more particularly for reducing any gravity-induced aberrations.

[0006] The term "gravity-induced aberration" particularly refers to acceleration-dependent aberrations caused by a deviation of the film shape from a film shape such as a spherical, cylindrical, or any combination of Zernike terms that is adapted in the absence of acceleration.

Means for Solving the Problems

[0007] This problem is solved by the lens described in claim 1. Preferred embodiments of the lens according to the present invention are described in the subclaims and are described below. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0008] [Figure 1] This is a schematic cross-sectional view of a liquid lens to explain the generation of a gravitational coma in a liquid lens. [Figure 2] This paper presents a general method for compensating for gravity-induced coma using rigid optical elements. [Figure 3] A schematic cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a lens according to the present invention is shown, the lens comprising two neutral membranes and a rigid cover element for sealing a first liquid in a first chamber and a second liquid in a second chamber, the focal length being adjusted by pumping the first liquid into and out of the first chamber adjacent to the cover element. [Figure 4] Figure 3 shows the lens, in which the film is in a deflected state due to the first liquid being pumped into the first chamber. [Figure 5] Figure 3 shows a schematic cross-section of a modified embodiment, where the film is in a deflected state. [Figure 6] Figure 3 shows a schematic cross-section of a further modification of the embodiment shown, where the film is in a deflected state. [Figure 7] Figure 3 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a further modification of the embodiment shown, in which the second liquid is pumped into and out of a second chamber located adjacent to the second membrane on the outside of the lens. [Figure 7A] Figure 3 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a further modification of the embodiment shown, in which the first cover element 11 has two curved surfaces. [Figure 8] A schematic cross-sectional view of a cover element attached to the side wall of a liquid lens is shown to form a liquid lens exhibiting gravity-induced coma aberration. [Figure 9] A schematic cross-sectional view of a modified cover element attached to the side wall of Figure 8 is shown to form a lens that includes compensation for gravity-induced coma aberration. [Figure 10] Figure 3 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a further modification of the embodiment shown, in which the lens comprises two opposing rigid cover elements. [Figure 11] A schematic cross-sectional view of a further embodiment of a lens according to the present invention is shown, the lens comprising two opposing rigid cover elements, configured in particular to function as independent corrective elements that are mounted on a further lens to provide compensation for gravity-induced coma aberration of the combined lenses. [Figure 12] Schematic cross-sectional views of further embodiments (A) and (B) of a lens according to the present invention, comprising two opposing rigid cover elements and elastically deformable side walls, are shown. [Figure 13] A schematic cross-sectional view of a further embodiment of a lens according to the present invention is shown, the lens comprising a movable lens shaper for adjusting the focal length of the lens. [Figure 13A] A schematic cross-sectional view of a further embodiment of a lens according to the present invention is shown, the lens comprising a movable lens shaping device and an actuation membrane for adjusting the focal length of the lens. [Figure 14] A schematic cross-sectional view of a further embodiment of a lens according to the present invention, comprising a movable lens shaping device for adjusting the focal length of the lens, is shown. [Figure 15] A schematic cross-sectional view of a further embodiment of a lens according to the present invention, comprising an immersion lens molding machine, is shown. [Figure 16] A schematic cross-sectional view of a further embodiment of the lens according to the present invention, configured as an achromatic lens, is shown. [Figure 17] This shows data on gravity-induced coma aberration on the outer film of a liquid lens without coma compensation. [Figure 18] The following data illustrates the overall optimization of frame compensation according to the present invention. [Figure 19] Experimental data on the compensation of gravity-induced coma aberration in a 40mm aperture lens is shown. [Figure 20] Two lenses according to the present invention as components of an optical zoom are shown, where (A) shows the wide-angle zoom state and (B) shows the telephoto zoom state. [Figure 21] Shows a further embodiment of the lens according to the present invention, which corresponds to the mounting of a lens that can be adjusted to form a convex or concave lens including coma compensation, where (A) shows the state of the lens with a negative focal length and (B) shows the state of the lens with a positive focal length. [Figure 22] Shows an embodiment having a film with aperture portions of different sizes. [Figure 23] Shows an embodiment having a film with aperture portions of different sizes. [Figure 24] Shows an embodiment having an aperture element for restricting the aperture of the lens. [Figure 25] Shows the simulation results for a conventional focus adjustment lens having an elastic film bearing gravity-induced coma and an elliptical film. [Figure 26] Shows an embodiment of the present invention in the form of glasses.

Mode for Carrying Out the Invention

[0009] According to claim 1, a lens is disclosed, the lens comprising: - A first chamber (C1) filled with a first transparent liquid (L1) having a first mass density (ρ1) and a first refractive index (n1), - A second chamber (C2) filled with a second transparent liquid (L2) having a second mass density (ρ2) and a second refractive index (n2), and - A first transparent and elastically deformable membrane (12) separating the two chambers (C1, C2) from each other and contacting the first liquid (L1) and the second liquid (L2), wherein the mass densities (ρ1, ρ2) and the refractive indices (n1, n2) are selected such that the acceleration-dependent aberrations of the lens (1), particularly gravity-induced aberrations, particularly gravity-induced coma aberration, are reduced or prevented, the first membrane (12).

[0010] In an independent realization of the present invention, the present invention can be claimed as disclosed below: A lens, comprising: - A first chamber filled with a first transparent liquid having a first mass density and a first refractive index, - A second chamber filled with a second transparent liquid having a second mass density and a second refractive index, and - A transparent and elastically deformable first membrane that separates two chambers from each other and is in contact with a first liquid and a second liquid, wherein the mass density and refractive index of the first membrane are selected to reduce or prevent gravity-induced coma aberration of the lens.

[0011] In particular, in one embodiment, when the optical axis of the lens is in a horizontal position, the first film forms at least convex portions and at least concave portions on the surface facing the first liquid to reduce or prevent the gravity-induced coma aberration of the lens.

[0012] Furthermore, according to one embodiment of the present invention, the mass density and refractive index are selected such that gravity-induced coma aberration of the lens is reduced or prevented independently of the orientation of the optical axis of the lens.

[0013] It should be noted that while the lens according to the present invention compensates for or reduces gravity-induced coma aberration, the lens also implicitly compensates for and reduces any gravity-induced surface aberrations or changes inherent in the lens having an elastic film for adjusting the focal length.

[0014] In particular, lenses according to the present invention are implicitly configured to compensate for and / or reduce film surface aberrations induced by any external, particularly time-varying forces causing acceleration of liquids.

[0015] Therefore, for example, when a lens according to the present invention is provided in eyeglasses, aberrations caused by the wearer's movements (i.e., acceleration), such as when walking, are similarly reduced or prevented.

[0016] Furthermore, it should be noted that, in the case of non-circular membranes, the term "comb" should be understood as an aberration induced in the membrane due to external forces such as gravity.

[0017] In the case of a round film, not only the coma but also the tilt is compensated and / or reduced by the lens according to the present invention.

[0018] The present invention can also be applied to optical elements instead of lenses. Such optical elements may include the features of claim 1.

[0019] Furthermore, the terms “gravity-induced coma” or “gravity-induced coma aberration” may be replaced in the lower claims or in the individual embodiments described herein, for example, with “acceleration-dependent aberration.”

[0020] Unless expressly otherwise specified, it is expressly stated throughout this specification that any film or adjustable portion of a film of a lens according to the present invention may have a non-circular, non-round shape.

[0021] Furthermore, according to one embodiment, the first mass density is smaller than the second mass density, and the first refractive index is larger than the second refractive index.

[0022] In yet another embodiment, the first mass density is greater than the second mass density, and the first refractive index is smaller than the second refractive index.

[0023] Furthermore, according to one embodiment, the lens comprises a second transparent and elastically deformable film, the second film facing the first film.

[0024] Furthermore, in order to hold the first liquid within the first chamber, the lens comprises a circumferential first side wall according to the embodiment. Furthermore, the first side wall may comprise a first side and a second side, the second side facing away from the first side. Furthermore, according to one embodiment, the lens may comprise a first transparent cover element, which is connected to the side wall (i.e., integrally or as a separate element). In particular, the first transparent cover element may be connected to a first side of the first side wall, and this first membrane is connected to a second side of the first side wall surrounding the first chamber. However, the cover element may also be formed integrally with the side wall, and this first membrane is then connected to a side portion of the side wall (referred to as the second side).

[0025] In particular, the cover element is a rigid cover element, in contrast to the first or second film.

[0026] Furthermore, according to one embodiment, the lens comprises a second side wall connected to a first side wall, the second side wall comprising a first side and a second side, the second side of the second side wall facing away from the first side of the second side wall, the first side of the second side wall connected to a first membrane, and the second side of the second side wall connected to a second membrane so as to surround a second chamber, in particular the first membrane being positioned between the first side wall and the second side wall, in particular between the cover element and the second membrane.

[0027] For example, the term “connected” refers in particular to a mechanical connection or joined assembly of two parts, such as the mechanical connection of a first side wall to a second side wall. The mechanical connection is brought about by direct contact between two concentrically arranged parts, such as two ring-shaped elements, such as the first and second side walls in a particular embodiment, and having equal diameters.

[0028] Furthermore, in the same context, the term “connected” refers in particular to a mechanical connection or link between two ring-shaped elements of different diameters, such as the first and second side walls according to a particular embodiment.

[0029] In some embodiments, the outer diameter of a first element, such as a first ring-shaped wall, is greater than the inner diameter of a second element, such as a second ring-shaped side wall, or vice versa.

[0030] Furthermore, in the same context with respect to the term “connected,” the mechanical connection between the first sidewall and the second sidewall, or more generally between the first element and the second element, comprises and includes a third component that facilitates the mechanical connection, i.e., the connection, between the first sidewall and the second sidewall (or more generally between the first element and the second element). This third component includes, for example, one or more: elastic clips; rings, e.g., rings made of elastomer material; rings containing threads; rings comprising one or more elastic clip components; membrane materials and / or membrane portions; adhesive materials; and soldering materials. In some embodiments, the membrane material is compressed between the first sidewall and the second sidewall.

[0031] In some embodiments, if the first side wall has an outer diameter smaller than the inner diameter of the second side wall, the third component is a membrane or membrane portion that establishes a mechanical connection between the first ring and the second ring, for example, as a circular baffle surrounding the opening in the second side wall and the opposing opening in the first side wall.

[0032] For example, this membrane forms a seal at the opening in the first side wall and also forms a seal at the opening in the second side wall.

[0033] For example, the annular portion of the membrane connecting the first sidewall and the second sidewall is subjected to tensile stress, such as radial stress.

[0034] For example, one or more of these connecting components include one or more: elastic clips; threads; low insertion force sockets; zero insertion force mechanisms, such as levers, rivets, screws, clamps, adhesives, bayonet connectors, slots, and magnets.

[0035] Methods for forming a connection between a first part and a second part include, but are not limited to, one or more steps including: a step of inserting force; a step of bonding using adhesive, for example; a brazing step; a welding step, for example; plasma welding; a soldering step; a step of forming a magnetization field; a clamping step; a vacuum forming step; a step of positioning one or more third components between a first ring and a second ring; a step of stretching one or more third components between a first ring and a second ring; and a step of compressing one or more third components between a first ring and a second ring.

[0036] In a further embodiment, a circumferential, particularly circular, edge of the second side surface of the first sidewall, and / or a circumferential, particularly circular, edge of the first side surface of the second sidewall, forms a first lens shaping element defining a portion of the first film, the portion of the first film having an adjustable curvature, and a circumferential, particularly circular, edge of the second side surface of the second sidewall, forms a second lens shaping element defining a portion of the second film, the portion of the second film having an adjustable curvature. By acting on these portions of the film, the focal length of the lens can be adjusted by changing the respective curvatures.

[0037] Furthermore, according to an alternative embodiment, the lens comprises a first lens forming device connected to a first membrane and a second lens forming device connected to a second membrane, the first and second lens forming devices being immersed in a second liquid in a second chamber, the first lens forming device having a circumferential, particularly circular inner edge defining a portion of the first membrane, the portion of the first membrane having an adjustable curvature, and the second lens forming device having a circumferential, particularly circular inner edge defining a portion of the second membrane, the portion of the second membrane having an adjustable curvature.

[0038] Furthermore, according to one embodiment, the second side wall is provided with a circumferential recess formed on the first side surface of the second side wall, and the first membrane connected to the first side wall and the second side surface of the first side wall is inserted into the recess.

[0039] In particular, this embodiment is advantageous when the rigid cover element inserted into the recess has previously been replaced by an alternative element that enables gravity coma correction. This alternative element can then be formed by a first side wall and a cover element and a first membrane connected thereto.

[0040] Furthermore, according to one embodiment, the first side wall is elastically deformable, particularly as a bellows, so as to allow the lens to compensate for the thermal expansion of the first and / or second liquid.

[0041] Furthermore, according to one embodiment, the lens comprises an annular lens forming machine having, for example, a circumferential, particularly circular inner edge, the lens forming machine being connected to a circumferential boundary region of the second film, and the boundary region of the second film being connected to a circumferential boundary region of the first film, such that the circumferential, particularly circular edge of the lens forming machine defines a portion of the second film and a portion of the first film, each of which has an adjustable curvature, and the two films enclose a second chamber.

[0042] In an alternative embodiment, the first membrane includes a circumferential boundary region connected to a second side of the first sidewall, such that the first and second membranes surround a second chamber, and the second membrane includes a circumferential boundary region connected (e.g., congruently) to the boundary region of the first membrane.

[0043] In particular, in one embodiment, the first sidewall forms a lens mold (for example, an annular one), and the circumferential, particularly circular, edge of the second side surface of the first sidewall defines a first film portion and a second film portion, the first film portion having an adjustable curvature, and the second film portion having an adjustable curvature.

[0044] Furthermore, according to one embodiment of the lens according to the present invention, the stiffness of the first film, the stiffness of the second film, the volume of the first chamber, the volume of the second chamber, the mass density, and the refractive index are adapted so that the gravity-induced coma aberration of the first and second films is compensated to zero.

[0045] In particular, according to one embodiment, the surface shape Z7 of the first film (1) and the surface shape of the second film Z7 (2) The Zernike coefficient is selected as follows:

number

[0046] In particular, compared to rigid compensation according to this latest technology, the resulting wavefront has the same gravity dependence as that of a liquid lens and compensates for coma in all directions.

[0047] According to another embodiment of the present invention, the first and second films are produced from the same material.

[0048] According to another embodiment of the present invention, the first film comprises a first aperture, and the second film comprises a second aperture, the first and second apertures being defined by regions on the respective films through which light can propagate.

[0049] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the first opening portion and the second opening portion have the same size, and in particular, the first mass density ρ1 is greater than the second mass density ρ2, and the first refractive index n1 is smaller than the second refractive index n2.

[0050] In yet another embodiment, the stiffness s1 of the first film and the stiffness s2 of the second film are given by the following equations:

number

[0051] This embodiment enables coma compensation lenses in optical systems such as telephoto lens systems where the aperture angle of the incident light is relatively small, i.e., the incident light is essentially collimated.

[0052] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the first opening portion is smaller than the second opening portion, in particular, the first mass density ρ1 is greater than the second mass density ρ2, and the first refractive index n1 is smaller than the second refractive index n2.

[0053] According to another embodiment of the present invention, the stiffness s1 of the first film and the stiffness s2 of the second film are given by the following equations:

number

[0054] This embodiment enables coma compensation lenses in optical systems such as wide-angle lens systems where the aperture angle of incident light is relatively large, i.e., where incident light diverges.

[0055] This embodiment further includes the membrane stiffness ratio

number

[0056] According to another embodiment of the present invention, the thickness t1 of the first film and the thickness t2 of the second film are given by the following formula:

number

[0057] According to another embodiment of the present invention, the first side wall defines or forms a first opening, and the second side wall defines or forms a second opening.

[0058] Furthermore, according to another embodiment of the present invention, the first opening portion is a portion of the first membrane having an adjustable curvature, and / or the second opening portion is a portion of the second membrane having an adjustable curvature.

[0059] According to another embodiment of the present invention, the lens comprises a first aperture element, the first aperture element limiting the optical opening of a first film, in particular a first aperture portion.

[0060] According to another embodiment of the present invention, the lens comprises a second aperture element, the second aperture element restricting the optical aperture of the second film, in particular the second aperture portion.

[0061] According to another embodiment of the present invention, the first and / or second opening elements are provided in or integrally formed with the first and / or second lens molding machine.

[0062] According to another embodiment of the present invention, the lens comprises an aperture element provided in a first transparent cover element.

[0063] According to another embodiment of the present invention, the first opening element is provided in the first transparent cover element.

[0064] According to another embodiment of the present invention, the second opening element is provided in the second transparent cover element.

[0065] Furthermore, according to one embodiment, the lens forms an achromatic lens, and in particular the first cover element is a plano-convex cover element having a concave surface facing the first film. In particular the first cover element can be formed from polycarbonate and may have a refractive index of n=1.58. In particular the first liquid in the first chamber adjacent to the first cover element has a greater dispersion and / or refractive index than the second liquid. In particular the first refractive index of the first liquid may be n1=1.57, while the second refractive index of the second liquid may be n2=1.3.

[0066] Furthermore, according to embodiments of the present invention, the lens comprises a first circumferential side wall, the first side wall comprising a first side and a second side, the second side facing away from the first side, and the lens comprises a transparent first cover element, the first cover element being connected to the first side of the first side wall, and the first membrane being connected to the second side of the first side wall to surround the first chamber, and the lens comprises a second side wall, the second side wall comprising a first side and a second side, the second side of the second side wall facing away from the first side of the second side wall, the first side of the second side wall being connected to the first membrane, and the second side of the second side wall being connected to a transparent second cover element to surround the second chamber, and as a result, in particular, the first membrane is positioned between the first side wall and the second side wall, particularly between the two cover elements. In particular, in contrast to the first film, the cover element is a rigid cover element.

[0067] According to another embodiment of the present invention, the first cover element has a first curved surface facing a first liquid, and a second curved surface located on the opposite side of the first curved surface facing the outside of the lens, such as air, wherein the first and / or second curved surfaces exhibit curvature such that the first cover element forms a rigid lens.

[0068] According to another embodiment of the present invention, the first cover element has a first curved surface facing a first liquid, and a second curved surface located opposite the first curved surface facing the outside of the lens, particularly air, wherein the first and second curved surfaces have the same curvature, particularly the same radius of curvature, or the first and second curved surfaces have different curvatures to form either a positive meniscus lens or a negative meniscus lens.

[0069] This embodiment allows for offsetting the range of adjustable focal power. For example, by providing a negative meniscus that gives the cover element negative refractive power, the lens can shift from having a purely positive refractive power range (as if the surface of the cover element is, for example, planar) to a purely negative refractive power range, for example, -3dpt to -0.5dpt.

[0070] According to another embodiment, the first and / or second surfaces of the cover element are formed to provide optical correction for aberrations such as cones or cylinders.

[0071] According to a further embodiment of the present invention, the lens comprises an actuator and a pump reservoir that are flow-connected to a first chamber, the actuator being configured to pump a first liquid from the pump reservoir to the first chamber, or from the first chamber to the pump reservoir, in order to adjust the curvature of the portion of the first membrane and / or the portion of the second membrane, thereby adjusting the focal length of the lens.

[0072] In particular, in one embodiment, the second chamber is at least partially separated by an elastically deformable wall portion to compensate for pressure changes in the first liquid in the first chamber generated by the actuator.

[0073] Furthermore, according to an alternative embodiment of the present invention, the lens comprises an actuator and a pump reservoir fluidly connected to a second chamber, the actuator being configured to pump a second liquid from the pump reservoir to the second chamber, or from the second chamber to the pump reservoir, in order to adjust the curvature of the portion of the first membrane and / or the portion of the second membrane.

[0074] In particular, in one embodiment, the first chamber is at least partially separated by an elastically deformable wall portion to compensate for pressure changes in the second liquid in the second chamber generated by the actuator.

[0075] Furthermore, according to an embodiment of the lens according to the present invention, the lens is configured to be attached to a further lens, the further lens comprising a transparent cover element, a transparent and elastically deformable membrane, and a side wall, the cover element and the membrane of the further lens being connected to the side wall of the further lens to surround the chamber of the further lens, the chamber of the further lens being filled with a transparent third liquid, and the lens is configured to be attached to the further lens such that a gap is formed between the first cover element of the lens and the membrane of the further lens.

[0076] In this specification, and in particular in this embodiment, the lens forms a standalone corrective lens element that can be attached to another lens, for example, to compensate for gravity coma.

[0077] In particular, according to one aspect of the present invention, a lens system is disclosed in which a lens and a further lens are attached to the lens such that a gap is formed between the first cover element of the lens and the film of the further lens.

[0078] Furthermore, according to embodiments of the present invention, the side walls of the lens are elastically deformable in particular to allow thermal expansion of the first and second liquids without applying shape-changing loads to the first and second (particularly rigid) cover elements.

[0079] In particular, according to one embodiment, the side wall of the lens is elastically deformable in a direction parallel to the optical axis of the lens and / or in a radial direction extending perpendicular to the optical axis.

[0080] In particular, in one embodiment, the first side wall is formed as a bellows. Furthermore, according to one embodiment, the second side wall is formed as a bellows.

[0081] Furthermore, according to one embodiment, the rigidity of the first sidewall and the rigidity of the second sidewall are adapted with respect to the volumetric thermal expansion coefficients of the first and second liquids, such that the focal refractive power and / or coma aberration compensation of the lens remains constant with respect to the liquid temperature. In particular, the rigidity of the sidewalls can be made equal.

[0082] Furthermore, according to alternative embodiments, the volumes of the first and second chambers are adapted such that the focal refractive power and / or coma aberration compensation of the lens remains constant with respect to the liquid temperature, with respect to the volumetric thermal expansion coefficients of the first and second liquids, respectively. In particular, the rigidity of the side walls can be made equal as specified herein.

[0083] Furthermore, according to an alternative embodiment, the first chamber is fluidly connected to an elastically deformable first container so as to allow thermal expansion of the first liquid without applying a shape-changing load to the first cover element, and the second chamber is fluidly connected to an elastically deformable second container so as to allow thermal expansion of the second liquid without applying a shape-changing load to the second cover element.

[0084] According to yet another embodiment of the present invention, the lens comprises a first circumferential side wall, the first side wall comprising a first side and a second side, the second side facing away from the first side, and the lens comprises a first transparent cover element, the first cover element being connected to the first side of the first side wall, and a first membrane being connected to the second side of the first side wall to surround a first chamber, and the lens comprises an annular movable lens molder connected to the first membrane at the first side of the movable lens molder, and a second membrane being connected to the second side of the movable lens molder in a circumferential boundary region such that the two membranes and the movable lens molder surround a second chamber, the second side of the movable lens molder facing away from the first side of the movable lens molder.

[0085] Furthermore, according to one embodiment, the movable lens molding machine comprises a first circumferential, particularly circular, edge defining a portion of the first film, and a second circumferential, particularly circular, edge on the opposite side defining a portion of the second film, wherein the portion of the first film has an adjustable curvature, and the portion of the second film has an adjustable curvature.

[0086] In this specification, in particular, both films can be deformed in the same manner over the entire adjustment range (assuming the films have the same pre-strain or initial conditions), and therefore the net lens coma remains constant throughout the adjustment range. This also has the potential to minimize the distance of the optical path affected by the coma, and further, allows the use of a softer film as the working film (actuated by the actuator), thereby reducing the amount of force required to actuate the lens.

[0087] Furthermore, according to another embodiment of the present invention, the circumferential, particularly circular, edge of the second side surface of the second side wall forms a second lens shaping device that defines a portion of the second film, the portion of the second film having an adjustable curvature.

[0088] Furthermore, according to an alternative embodiment comprising a movable lens molder, the lens comprises a first circumferential side wall, the first side wall comprising a first side and a second side, the second side facing away from the first side, and the lens comprises a first transparent cover element, the first cover element being connected to the first side of the first side wall, and the first membrane being connected to the second side of the first side wall to surround the first chamber, and The lens comprises a second side wall, the second side wall having a first side and a second side, the second side of the second side wall facing away from the first side of the second side wall, and in particular, the first side of the second side wall is connected to the first membrane and the second side of the second side wall is connected to the second membrane, so that the first membrane is positioned between the first side wall and the second side wall, particularly between the cover element and the second membrane, and surrounds the second chamber.

[0089] Furthermore, according to another embodiment comprising a movable lens molder, the movable lens molder is configured and positioned to adjust only the shape of the second film.

[0090] In particular, in one embodiment, the first side wall forms a fixed lens molder, the circumferential, particularly circular, edge of the second side surface of the first side wall defines a portion of the first film, the portion of the first film having an adjustable curvature, and the lens comprises a movable lens molder connected to a second film having the first side surface of the movable lens molder, the first side surface of the movable lens molder having a circumferential, particularly circular, edge defining a portion of the second film, the portion of the second film having an adjustable curvature.

[0091] Furthermore, according to one embodiment of the present invention, the volume of the first liquid in the first chamber and the volume of the second liquid in the second chamber are adapted so as to reduce or prevent thermal drift of the focal length of the lens. In other words, the volumes depend on the difference in volumetric thermal expansion and the difference in refractive indices of the two liquids. In particular, in one embodiment, the refractive index of the second liquid is greater than that of the first liquid.

[0092] Furthermore, according to one embodiment, the lens includes an actuator configured to move a movable lens molder relative to the first and / or second side walls in such a way as to change the curvature of the portions of the first and second films, thereby changing the focal length of the lens.

[0093] Furthermore, according to yet another embodiment of the lens according to the present invention, the wall separating the first or second chamber of the lens includes at least one flexible region that allows for the thermal expansion of the respective liquids.

[0094] Furthermore, according to one embodiment, it is possible to influence the shape of the chamber, for example, by selecting a positive gauge pressure for the second liquid in the second chamber, such that when the actuator for pumping the first liquid is deactivated (off), the second liquid in the second chamber has a pressure such that the first chamber forms a concave lens portion and the total focal length of the lens is negative, and when the actuator is activated (on), the first liquid is pumped from the pump reservoir into the first chamber so that the second chamber forms a convex lens portion and the focal length of the lens is positive (wherein in particular the first membrane can be planar and can extend parallel to the transparent (first) cover element of the lens). Preferably, according to one embodiment, the first liquid has a higher refractive index than the second liquid such that, despite the convex shape of the second chamber (when the actuator is off), the lens has an overall negative focal length due to the concave shape of the second chamber.

[0095] In the context of this specification, the term “non-operated” means, in particular, that the actuator is turned off or adapted to a position to which the actuator moves due to a balancing force acting on the actuator, given, for example, by the mechanical properties of the pressure of one or more lenses and one or more liquids. Thus, for example, a non-operated actuator returns, for example, to the initial actuator position where no force is generated by the actuator.

[0096] Next, the term "operation" specifically refers to the state in which an actuator generates force and is actuated, for example, to a selected actuator position.

[0097] In a further aspect of the present invention, eyeglasses, particularly eyeglasses for virtual and augmented reality, are disclosed, which, in accordance with the present invention, comprise one or more lenses (the number of lenses varies depending on the configuration) per eyeglass (or per eye of the person wearing the eyeglasses). The lenses can be combined with various methods for displaying virtual content, such as waveguides, wave reflectors, and bird bath designs.

[0098] Furthermore, lenses according to the present invention can also be used in optical zoom devices. In this specification, two such lenses are arranged along the optical path of the zoom device, for example, so as to be oriented toward each other in the direction of a common optical axis of the two lenses.

[0099] Furthermore, according to another embodiment of the present invention, the lens is formed as a contact lens. Further embodiments of the present invention, and further features and advantages of the present invention, are described below with reference to the figures.

[0100] In many embodiments and examples, several components of the lens are disclosed to have one or more circular shapes, apertures, edges, and contours, but any of the embodiments and examples are explicitly stated to also have such components having non-circular shapes, such as one or more oval, elliptical, and polygonal apertures, edges, or contours (see, for example, Figure 25).

[0101] Figure 1 illustrates how gravity-induced coma aberration is induced in a liquid lens by hydrostatic pressure differences resulting in a non-ideal, and in particular non-rotationally symmetric, shape of the membrane 12 surrounding the chamber for containing the transparent liquid L, together with the side walls 10 and the transparent cover element 11. Note that in some embodiments, the cover element 11 may have refractive power.

[0102] For example, in cross-section A, the optical path (lens thickness) is smaller than in cross-section B. The resulting local deflection / refractive force at various positions at the same distance from the lens container differs across the liquid lens, inducing optical aberrations due to the non-spherical, and especially non-ideal, film shape. Such wavefront errors are a result of the weight of the liquid L that deforms the film 12.

[0103] As shown in Figure 2, such gravity tops are typically compensated for using a rigid, non-adjustable top plate 11a. However, this only works for one fixed direction and a specific film deflection.

[0104] To solve this problem, the present invention proposes a lens 1 as shown in Figure 3, for example. The lens 1 comprises a first chamber C1 filled with a first transparent liquid L1 having a first mass density ρ1 and a first refractive index n1, a second chamber C2 filled with a second transparent liquid L2 having a second mass density ρ2 and a second refractive index n2, and a transparent and elastically deformable first membrane 12 that separates the two chambers C1 and C2 from each other and is in contact with the first liquid L1 and the second liquid L2. Furthermore, the lens may be further comprising a second transparent and elastically deformable membrane 22, the second membrane 22 facing the first membrane 12 and also serving to separate the second chamber C2.

[0105] Preferably, the mass density ρ 1、 The mass densities ρ1, ρ2 and the refractive indices n1, n2 are selected so as to reduce or prevent gravity-induced coma aberration of the lens 1. In particular, when the optical axis A of the lens 1 is in a horizontal position, the first film 12 forms at least a convex portion 12d and at least a concave portion 12e on the surface 120 facing the first liquid L1 so as to reduce or prevent gravity-induced coma aberration of the lens 1. In particular, the mass densities ρ1, ρ2 and refractive indices n1, n2 are selected so as to reduce or prevent gravity-induced coma aberration of the lens 1 regardless of the orientation of the optical axis A of the lens 1.

[0106] In particular, in the embodiment shown in Figure 3, the first mass density ρ1 is greater than the second mass density ρ2, and the first refractive index n1 is smaller than the second refractive index n2.

[0107] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the first liquid L1 has a refractive index n1 = 1.30 and a mass density ρ1 = 1900 kg / m³ 3 The second liquid has a refractive index n2 = 1.38 and a mass density ρ2 = 1200 kg / m³. 3 It is equipped with the following. Furthermore, according to one embodiment, the second film 22 has a rigidity 5 to 10 times greater than the rigidity of the first film 12.

[0108] In particular, the stiffness described herein is defined by Poisson's ratio, the thickness of the material of each film, and Young's modulus, and in particular corresponds to the engineering strain for the applied engineering stress.

[0109] The term "rigidity" specifically refers to the magnitude of expansion of one or more first and second membranes in response to a given pressure or pressure gradient.

[0110] In particular, the properties of the first liquid L1 and the second liquid L2 can be swapped, and after adjusting the parameters of the liquid lens chambers C1 and C2, the coma compensation function can be maintained in the same manner.

[0111] As shown in Figure 3, lens 1 is shown in a neutral state, while Figure 4 shows a deflected state of the film (i.e., a reduction in the focal length of lens 1) which can be achieved by pumping the first liquid L1 from the pump reservoir 50 to the first chamber by the actuator 51. However, the gravity-induced coma aberration compensation of the present invention also works in the case of a concave state of the lens / film.

[0112] In particular, Figure 4 shows that, with respect to cross-section A of chambers C1 and C2, the optical path (lens thickness) is smaller than that below cross-section B. However, the average refractive index is high (greater deflection), as in the case of cross-section B. Therefore, overall, system 1 produces similar deflection at the same distance from chambers C1 and C2 across all cross-sections, thereby suppressing optical aberrations.

[0113] In particular, in the embodiments shown in Figures 3 and 4, the lens 1 comprises a circumferential first side wall 10, the first side wall 10 comprising a first side surface 10a and a second side surface 10b, the second side surface 10b facing away from the first side surface 10a, and the lens 1 comprises a first transparent cover element 11, the rigid cover element 11 connected to the first side surface 10a of the first side wall 10, and the first membrane 12 connected to the second side surface 10b of the first side wall 10 to surround the first chamber C1. Alternatively, the rigid cover element 11 may also be formed integrally with the first side wall 10 (this may also apply to other embodiments comprising the first side wall 10 and the cover element 11). The first membrane 12 is then connected to the side surface 10b of the side wall 10 (or other portion of the first side wall 10 to surround the first chamber C1).

[0114] Furthermore, the lens 1 includes a second side wall 20 connected to the first side wall 10, the second side wall 20 having a first side surface 20a and a second side surface 20b, the second side surface 20b of the second side wall 20 facing away from the first side surface 20a of the second side wall 20, the first side surface 20a of the second side wall 20 connected to the first membrane 12, and the second side surface 20b of the second side wall 20 connected to the second membrane 22 to surround the second chamber C2. Thus, the first membrane 12 is positioned between the first side wall 10 and the second side wall 20, particularly between the cover element 11 and the second membrane 22.

[0115] In particular, as shown in Figure 4, the circular edge 31a of the second side surface 10b of the first side wall 10 and / or the circular edge 31b of the first side surface 20a of the second side wall 20 form a first lens shaping mechanism defining a portion 12a of the first film 12, and the portion 12a of the first film 12 has an adjustable curvature. Furthermore, the circular edge 31c of the second side surface 20b of the second side wall 20 forms a second lens shaping mechanism defining a portion 22a of the second film 22, and the portion 22a of the second film 22 also has an adjustable curvature.

[0116] The focal length of the lens can be adjusted by acting on these portions 12a and 22a of the membranes 12 and 22 to change their respective curvatures. In particular, as already described above, each curvature can be adjusted by pumping the first liquid L1 from the pump reservoir 50 to the first chamber via the fluid connection 50F, or vice versa.

[0117] Furthermore, the present invention can offer the advantage of increasing the number of interchangeable liquids L1 and L2 and the range of new physical properties such as refractive index, viscosity, thermal expansion, density, and Abbe number, as shown, for example in Figure 3, by having the outer (second) liquid L2 protect the inner (first) fluid L1 from permeating the first membrane 12. In particular, as shown, for example in Figure 3, the first liquid L1 can be completely encapsulated from the environment. Specifically, the embodiment shown in Figure 3 replaces a conventional liquid lens (see, for example, Figure 1) with an interface arrangement of first liquid-membrane-membrane-air with a first liquid-membrane-membrane-second liquid, which provides the above-mentioned advantages. Figures 5 and 6 show embodiments of lens 1 according to the present invention, including configurations of alternative lens traces.

[0118] According to Figure 5, the lens 1 comprises, for example, an annular lens forming device 30 including a circular inner rim 31, which is connected to the circumferential boundary region 22c of the second film 22, and the boundary region 22c of the second film 22 is then connected to the circumferential boundary region 12c of the first film 12, such that the circular rim 31 of the lens forming device 30 defines the portion 22a of the second film 22 and the portion 12a of the first film 12, where the two films 12, 22 surround the second chamber C2. Thus, the two films are fixed between the (single) first side wall 10 and the lens forming device 30.

[0119] Furthermore, as shown in Figure 6, the first membrane 12 and the second membrane 22 also surround the second chamber C2, the first membrane 12 includes a circumferential boundary region 12c connected to the second side surface 10b of the first side wall 10, and the second membrane 22 includes a circumferential boundary region 22c connected (for example, in a congruent manner) to the boundary region 12c of the first membrane 12. Here in particular, the first side wall 10 itself forms, for example, an annular lens molder, and the circular edge 31 of the second side surface 10b of the first side wall 10 defines the portion 12a of the first membrane 12 and the portion 22a of the second membrane 22.

[0120] Furthermore, as shown in Figure 7, the design according to the present invention is highly flexible and also allows the second chamber C2 to be actuated instead of adjusting the focal length of the lens, that is, the pump reservoir 50 is in a fluid connection 50F with the second chamber so that the second liquid L2 can be pumped into or out of the second chamber C2 using the actuator 51.

[0121] Furthermore, as shown in Figure 7A, in the design according to the present invention, the first cover element 11 has a first curved surface 11-1 facing the first liquid L1 in the first chamber and a second curved surface 11-2 facing the outside of the lens, for example, the atmosphere, so that the lens exhibits additional refractive power provided by the curvature of the first cover element 11. Furthermore, according to Figures 8 and 9, the lens according to the present invention can largely incorporate a coma compensation function into the cover element 11 of the lens 1.

[0122] In this regard, Figure 8 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a cover element 110 attached to the side wall 20 of a conventional liquid lens having a film 22 to form a liquid lens exhibiting gravity-induced coma aberration.

[0123] The present invention makes it possible to replace such a conventional cover element 110 with a cover element 11 attached to a first side wall and a first membrane 12 to surround a first chamber. As shown in Figure 8, this structure can be attached to a second side wall 20 to form a lens 1 that includes compensation for gravity-induced coma aberration. In particular, the second side wall 20 has a circumferential recess 21 formed on the first side surface 20a of the second side wall 20, and the first membrane 12, connected to the first side wall 10 and the second side surface 10b of the first side wall 10, is inserted into the recess 21 to form the compensated lens 1.

[0124] Furthermore, as shown in Figure 10, the lens does not necessarily have to have two flexible films 12, 22. In particular, the second film 22 can be replaced by an additional transparent and rigid cover element 22 that faces the first cover element 11 in the direction of the optical axis of lens 1.

[0125] Here, in addition to the pump reservoir 50 which is in a fluid connection state with the first chamber C1, the lens 1 is equipped with an elastically deformable container 60 or flexible side wall 60 to take into account the pressure changes of the pump reservoir 50. In particular, the properties of the first liquid L1 and the second liquid L2 can be swapped, and after adjusting the parameters of the liquid lens chambers C1 and C2, the coma compensation function is again guaranteed.

[0126] Figure 11 shows yet another embodiment of lens 1 according to the present invention, in which lens 1 forms a particularly independent corrective element.

[0127] In particular, according to Figure 11, the lens 1 comprises a first circumferential side wall 10, the first side wall 10 comprises a first side surface 10a and a second side surface 10b, the second side surface 10b facing away from the first side surface 10a, and the lens comprises a transparent first cover element 11, the first cover element 11 is connected to the first side surface 10a of the first side wall 10, and the first film 12 is connected to the second side surface 10b of the first side wall 10 to form or surround the first chamber C1, and the lens 1 comprises a second side wall 20. The second side wall 20 comprises a first side 20a and a second side 20b, the second side 20b of the second side wall 20 facing away from the first side 20a of the second side wall 20, and the first side 20a of the second side wall 20 is connected to the first membrane 12, and the second side 20b of the second side wall 20 is connected to a transparent second cover element 22 to form or surround the second chamber C2, such that the first membrane 12 is positioned between the first side wall 10 and the second side wall 20, in particular between the two cover elements 11, 22.

[0128] In particular, the two side walls 10 and 20 are preferably elastically deformable, allowing for thermal expansion of the liquids L1 and L2 without changing the focal refractive power and / or coma aberration compensation of the lens 1.

[0129] In particular, as shown on the right side of Figure 11, lens 1 is configured to be attached to a further lens 2, the further lens 2 comprising a cover element 110, a film 42, and a side wall 100, the cover element 110 and the film 42 of the further lens 2 being connected to the side wall 100 of the further lens 2 so as to surround the chamber C3 of the further lens 2, the chamber C3 of the further lens 2 being filled with a transparent third liquid L3, and lens 1 is configured to be attached to the further lens 2 such that a gap 43 is formed between the first cover element 11 of lens 1 and the film 43 of the further lens 2. In particular, in the embodiment shown in Figure 11, in order to compensate for gravity-induced coma aberration of the entire system comprising lens 1 and lens 2, the mass density of the first liquid L1 is greater than the mass density of the second liquid L2, and the refractive index n1 of the first liquid L1 is less than the refractive index n2 of the second liquid.

[0130] Lenses 1 and 2 can be configured so that a third liquid L3 can be pumped into or outside chamber C3, for example, using a pump reservoir as described herein, in order to adjust the focal length of the combined lenses shown in Figure 11.

[0131] Figure 12 shows a further embodiment (e.g., in the form of independent corrective elements) comprising rigid, opposing cover elements 11, 22 and a (single) first membrane 12 positioned between the cover elements 11, 22, wherein the lens 1 is formed particularly as a bellows (or otherwise as elastically deformable sidewalls) and further comprises an annular lens forming machine 30 connecting to the associated cover elements 10, 20, respectively, and the first membrane 12 is connected to the lens forming machine 30 to define the optically working (curvature adjustable) portion 12a of the transparent membrane 12. The membrane 12 may also be connected to the sidewalls 10, 20 in other ways. In one embodiment, the separate lens forming machine 30 may be omitted.

[0132] Here, the side walls of lens 1 are flexible to allow thermal expansion of the liquids L1, L2 without applying morphological loads to the outer cover elements (e.g., glass / plastic structures) 11, 22. The side walls 10, 20 may be designed to allow axial and / or radial expansion of each side wall 10, 20. Alternatively, the side walls 10, 20 may be rigid, having channels to flexible fluid containers 60, 61, thereby allowing thermal expansion. In particular, the rigidity of the flexible side walls 10, 20 may be adjusted relative to the volumetric thermal expansion coefficients of the enclosed liquids L1, L2, such that the focal refractive power and / or gravity coma compensation of lens 1 remain constant over the temperature of the liquids L1, L2.

[0133] Furthermore, as shown in the lower part of Figure 12, the volumes of the liquids L1 and L2 in chambers C1 and C2 may be adjusted with respect to the volumetric thermal expansion coefficients of the liquids L1 and L2 so that the membrane 12 maintains a constant shape over a temperature range, for example, when using flexible walls 10 and 20 with equivalent rigidity.

[0134] Furthermore, Figure 13 shows an embodiment of lens 1 according to the present invention, where both films 12, 22 increase in rigidity equally throughout the adjustment range (assuming the same initial film properties), and therefore both liquids L1, L2 are part of the working part such that the net lens coma remains constant throughout the adjustment range. In particular, this may also minimize the distance of the optical path affected by the coma, which may be important for a wider field of view (FOV) and greater lens deflection. Moreover, this also allows for the use of a softer film as the working film, thereby reducing the amount of force required to actuate lens 1.

[0135] The term “working membrane” specifically refers to a flexible membrane 12 or 22 used as a portion of the chamber’s side walls, which allows for compression of the chamber by a method including, for example, moving the lens molder 30 with a force smaller than that used for a rigid membrane.

[0136] In particular, as shown in Figure 13, the lens 1 comprises a first circumferential side wall 10, the first side wall 10 comprising a first side surface 10a and a second side surface 10b, the second side surface 10b facing away from the first side surface 10a, the lens 1 comprises a first transparent and rigid cover element 11, the first cover element 11 being connected to the first side surface 10a of the first side wall 10, and a first membrane 12 being connected to the second side surface 10b of the first side wall 10 for forming / enclosing a first chamber C1, and the lens 1 comprises an annular movable lens molder 30 connected to the first membrane 12 at the first side surface 300 of the movable lens molder 30. Furthermore, the second membrane 22 is connected to the second side surface 301 of the movable lens molder 30 at a circumferential boundary region 22c, so that the two membranes 12, 22 and the movable lens molder 30 surround the second chamber C2, where the second side surface 301 of the movable lens molder 30 is oriented away from the first side surface 300 of the movable lens molder 30.

[0137] In particular, the movable lens molding machine 30 includes a first circular edge 31a defining a portion 12a of the first film 12, and an opposing second circular edge 31b defining a portion 22a of the second film 22, wherein the portion 12a of the first film 12 has an adjustable curvature, and the portion 22a of the second film 22 has an adjustable curvature.

[0138] To change the focal length of lens 1, lens 1 further includes an actuator 51 configured to move a movable lens shaping device 30 relative to the first side wall 10 to change the curvature of the portions 12a and 22a of the first and second films 12 and 22, thereby changing the focal length of lens 1.

[0139] When the lens molder compresses chambers C1 and C2 (or when such compression is reduced), the curvature of portions 12a and 22a is altered due to the fact that the liquids L1 and L2 are incompressible, causing portions 12a and 22a to deform elastically.

[0140] Figure 13A shows another exemplary embodiment of lens 1 according to the present invention. Lens 1 comprises a circumferential first side wall 10, the first side wall 10 comprising a first side surface 10a and a second side surface 10b, the second side surface 10b facing away from the first side surface 10a, and lens 1 comprises a first transparent and rigid cover element 11, the first cover element 11 connected to the first side surface 10a of the first side wall 10, and a first membrane 12 connected to the second side surface 10b of the first side wall 10 to form / enclose a first chamber C1. The first membrane 12 extends laterally beyond the first side wall 10. A movable lens former 30 is connected to the first membrane 12 at a first side surface 300 of the movable lens former 30. Furthermore, the second membrane 22 is connected to the second side 301 of the movable lens molder 30 such that the two membranes 12, 22 and the movable lens molder 30 surround the second chamber C2 with the second liquid L2, and the second side 301 of the movable lens molder 30 faces away from the first side 300 of the movable lens molder 30.

[0141] Similar to the first membrane 12, the second membrane 22 extends laterally beyond the first sidewall 10. The movable lens former 30 is positioned on the outer circumference of the lens 1. The first membrane 12 also functions as an actuation membrane. To change the focal length of lens 1, lens 1 further includes an actuator 51 configured to move a movable lens shaping device 30 relative to the first side wall 10 to change the curvature of the portions 12a and 22a of the first and second films 12 and 22, thereby changing the focal length of lens 1.

[0142] Figure 14 shows a further embodiment of lens 1 according to the present invention using a movable lens molder. Here, in particular, the volumes of the liquids in chambers C1 and C2 are selected to minimize the net thermal focal refractive power drift of lens 1. Specifically, the volumes are a function of the volumetric thermal expansion coefficients of the liquids L1 and L2, and the relative refractive indices n1 and n2 of the two liquids L1 and L2. In the embodiment shown in Figure 13, the second liquid L2 is preferably a liquid with a higher refractive index.

[0143] In particular, as shown in Figure 14, the lens 1 comprises a first circumferential side wall 10, the first side wall 10 comprising a first side surface 10a and a second side surface 10b, the second side surface 10b facing opposite to the first side surface 10a, the lens 1 comprises a first transparent cover element 11, the first transparent cover element 11 is connected to the first side surface 10a of the first side wall 10, and the first membrane 12 is connected to the second side surface 10b of the first side wall 10 to form / enclose the first chamber C1, and the lens 1 comprises the second side wall The second side wall 20 comprises a first side 20a and a second side 20b, wherein the second side 20b of the second side wall 20 faces away from the first side 20a of the second side wall 20, and the first side 20a of the second side wall 20 is connected to the first membrane 12, and the second side 20b of the second side wall 20 is connected to the second membrane 22 to form / enclose the second chamber C2, such that the first membrane 12 is positioned between the first side wall 10 and the second side wall 10, particularly between the cover element 11 and the second membrane 22.

[0144] In particular, the first side wall 10 forms a fixed lens shaping device, the circular edge 31a of the second side surface 10b of the first side wall 10 defines a portion 12a of the first film 12, the portion 12a of the first film 12 has an adjustable curvature, and the lens 1 comprises a movable lens shaping device 30 connected to the second film 22 at the first side surface 300 of the movable lens shaping device 30, the first side surface 300 of the movable lens shaping device 30 has a circular edge 31b defining a portion 22a of the second film 22, the portion 22a of the second film 22 has an adjustable curvature.

[0145] Furthermore, the lens 1 preferably includes an actuator 51 configured to move a movable lens molder 30 relative to the first and / or second side walls 10, 20 to change the curvature of the portions 12a, 22a of the first and second films 12, 22, thereby changing the focal length of the lens 1.

[0146] Furthermore, Figure 15 shows a further embodiment of lens 1 according to the present invention, particularly in the form of a cover element for coma correction for lenses equipped with an immersion lens molder. In particular, it is advantageous to introduce a second immersion lens molder of the first film 12 to generate passive coma compensation for lens 1 equipped with an immersion lens molder (e.g., spectacles or augmented reality glasses), and in particular, two lens molders, i.e., the first and second lens molders 30a, 30b, are preferably aligned with respect to each other.

[0147] In particular, as shown in Figure 15, the lens 1 comprises a first lens shaping device 30a connected to a first film 12 and a second lens shaping device 30b connected to a second film 22, the first and second lens shaping devices 30a and 30b immersed in a second liquid L2 in a second chamber C2, the first lens shaping device 30a having a circular inner edge 31a defining a portion 12a of the first film 12, the portion 12a of the first film 12 having an adjustable curvature, and the second lens shaping device 30b having a circular inner edge 31b defining a portion 22a of the second film 22, the portion 22a of the second film 22 having an adjustable curvature. Furthermore, the focal length can be adjusted by pumping the first liquid into or out of the first chamber C1, or by pumping the second liquid into or out of the second chamber C2, as described herein (for example, by using a pump reservoir).

[0148] As further shown in Figure 16, each lens described herein can also form an achromatic lens, and in particular the first cover element 11 can be designed as a plano-concave cover element 11 including a concave surface 11b facing the first film 12. In particular the first cover element 11 can be formed from polycarbonate and may have a refractive index of n=1.58. In particular the first liquid L1 in the first chamber C1 adjacent to the first cover element 11 may have a greater dispersion and / or refractive index than the second liquid L2. In particular the first refractive index n1 of the first liquid L1 may be n1=1.57, while the second refractive index n2 of the second liquid L2 may be n2=1.3.

[0149] Finally, Figures 17–19 illustrate how well the present invention performs compared to a conventional liquid lens design without coma aberration compensation.

[0150] In particular, Figure 17 shows the gravity-induced coma aberration of a liquid lens having two films 12 and 22 that confine two liquids L1 and L2 (along with a rigid cover element 11).

[0151] Here, the outer film 22 initially uses a container with a planar film and contains a 2.2 μm coma. As shown in the graph on the right, which displays the optical transfer function (OTF), a clear degradation of optical quality is observed.

[0152] Furthermore, Figure 18 shows data corresponding to lens 1 according to the present invention, where a 2.2 μm coma is present on the outer film 22, while a 10 μm coma is used on the inner film 12 for compensation. As can be inferred from the graph showing the optical transfer function (OTF), compared to the case where coma aberration is not compensated as shown in Figure 17, only residual aberrations are visible, and it can be observed that the degradation of optical image quality is very small.

[0153] Furthermore, Figure 19 shows that by using the present invention, a reduction of more than 10 times in gravity-induced coma aberration can be achieved.

[0154] Furthermore, Figure 20 shows an optical zoom device 4 including a first lens 1 and a second lens 1' according to the present invention. Both lenses 1 and 1' thus reduce gravity coma.

[0155] In particular, both lenses 1, 1', as shown in Figure 20, include transparent cover elements 11, 11' and first and second membranes 12, 22; 12', 22', which form first chambers C1, C1' filled with first liquids L1, L1' and second chambers C2, C2' filled with second liquids L2, L2'. In both lenses 1, 1', the first liquids L1, L1' are positioned between the cover elements 11, 11' and the first membranes 12, 12', which separate the first chambers C1, C1' from the second chambers C2, C2', which have an outer second membrane 22, 22'.

[0156] The two lenses 1 and 1' face each other in the direction of the optical axis A of the optical zoom device 4.

[0157] The optical zoom device 4 may further include a first rigid lens stack 400 positioned between the first lens 1 and the second lens 1', and a second rigid lens stack 401 positioned between the second lens 1' and the image sensor 403. Furthermore, an IR filter 402 may be positioned in front of the image sensor 403, i.e., between the image sensor 403 and the second rigid lens stack 401.

[0158] In particular, the outer surface of each cover element 11 of each lens 1, 1' faces away from the image sensor 403, that is, the outer surface of each of the second films 22 may face toward the image sensor 403.

[0159] In particular, Figure 20(A) shows the optical zoom device 4 when lenses 1 and 1' are adjusted so that the optical zoom device 4 assumes a wide-angle state with respect to the focal length, and the second film 22 has a concave curvature.

[0160] In contrast, Figure 20(B) shows the optical zoom device 4 when the lenses 1, 1' are adjusted with respect to focal length so that the optical zoom device 4 assumes a telephoto state. Here, in one embodiment, the second film 22' of the second lens 1' has, for example, a prominent concave curvature, while the second film 22 of the first lens 1 has, for example, a convex curvature.

[0161] Finally, as shown in Figure 21, the present invention also makes it possible to implement an embodiment of lens 1 in the form of a convex-concave lens 1 including coma compensation, i.e., lens 1 which can be adjusted from the state shown in Figure 21(A) (in particular when actuator 51 is turned off, lens 1 has a negative focal length) to another state (see Figure 21(B)) (lens 1 has a positive focal length). According to one embodiment, this is achieved, for example, by applying a positive gauge pressure to a second liquid L2 in a second chamber C2 such that lens 1 has a negative focal length when actuator 51 is adjusted to be off (see Figure 21(A)) and the focal length switches to a positive value when actuator is activated (see Figure 21(B)).

[0162] In particular, similar to Figure 3, the lens according to Figure 21 comprises a transparent cover element 11 and a first chamber C1 positioned between it and a first membrane 12, wherein the first liquid L1 present in the first chamber C1 has a refractive index n1 greater than the refractive index n2 of the second liquid L2 present in the second chamber C2, the second chamber C2 being separated on one side by the first membrane 12 and on the other side by the second membrane 22. Both transparent membranes 12, 22 include portions 12a, 22a having curvature that can be adjusted by pumping, for example, using an actuator 51 to pump the first liquid L1 from a pump reservoir 50 through a fluid connection 50F into the first chamber C1, or from the first chamber C1 into the pump reservoir 50. In particular, pumping the first liquid L1 can be achieved by acting on a piston 51a moved by the actuator 51 on a portion of the first membrane 12 covering the pump reservoir 50. Laterally, the pump reservoir 50 can be separated by a first side wall 10. The latter first side wall 10 may have a side surface 10b connected to the first membrane 12 to form a first chamber C1. Furthermore, the first side wall 10 can be formed integrally with a cover element 11. The cover element 11 may also be a separate element (see also above). Furthermore, the first membrane 12 separates a second chamber C2 together with a second side wall 20 (to which the first membrane 12 can be connected) and a second membrane 22 connected to the second side wall 20.

[0163] When the actuator 51 is inactive, the pressure of the second liquid L2 in the second chamber C2 is adjusted to correspond to a positive gauge pressure that leads to the biconvex shape of the second chamber C2 and, for example, the plano-concave shape of the first chamber C1. The latter contains a liquid L1 with a high refractive index, and lens 1 is assumed to have a negative focal length, i.e., corresponds to a concave lens 1 (see Figure 21(A)). However, when the actuator 51 is active, the piston 51a is pulled, and the first liquid L1 is pumped from the pump reservoir 50 into the first chamber C1. This flattens the first chamber C1, and the second liquid L2 is pushed toward the second film 22. As a result, the second chamber C2 subsequently forms a convex lens portion, while the first chamber C1 has a planar shape that leads to the positive focal length of lens 1. Therefore, at this time, lens 1 corresponds to a convex lens 1.

[0164] In particular, the actuator 51 may be or may be equipped with an electropermanent magnet, a voice coil magnet, or may be formed as a reluctance actuator. Other forms of actuators capable of moving the piston 51a in the described style are also conceivable.

[0165] In order for chambers C1 and C2 to act as a convex lens 1, or vice versa, it may also be considered to pump the second liquid L2 instead of the first liquid L1.

[0166] Figure 22 shows an embodiment similar to those shown in Figures 3 and 4. Therefore, only the differences from Figures 3 and 4 will be examined. Features that have already been described in detail in the corresponding parts of Figures 3 and 4 will not be repeated here, and the corresponding parts will be referred to. In contrast to Figures 3 and 4, the embodiment shown in Figure 22 provides a lens 1 having a second side wall 20 having a circumferential edge smaller than the circumferential edge of the first side wall 10, for example, the radius of the opening of the second side wall 20 is smaller than the radius of the opening of the first side wall 10.

[0167] This shape defines a first aperture on the first film 12 having radius R1 (indicated by a horizontal dashed line limiting radius R1), and a second aperture on the second film 22 (indicated by a horizontal dashed line limiting radius R2). The aperture is defined in particular by the aperture angle or divergence angle (as indicated by a conical dashed line) of the incident or outgoing light propagating through the lens 1.

[0168] The first wall 10 functions as a first lens shaping device, and the second wall 20 functions as a second lens shaping device.

[0169] Figure 23 shows embodiments similar to those in Figures 3, 4, and 22. Therefore, only new or different features are described in detail here, while other features are referred to the corresponding paragraphs in Figures 3, 4, and 22.

[0170] In contrast to Figure 22, the embodiment shown in Figure 23 provides a lens 1 having a second side wall 20 having a circumferential edge larger than the circumferential edge of the first side wall 10, for example, a lens 1 in which the radius of the opening of the second wall 20 is larger than the radius of the opening of the first wall 10.

[0171] This shape defines a first aperture on the first film 12 having radius R1 (indicated by a horizontal dashed line limiting radius R1), and a second aperture on the second film 22 (indicated by a horizontal dashed line limiting radius R2). The aperture is defined in particular by the aperture angle or divergence angle (as indicated by a conical dashed line) of the incident or outgoing light propagating through the lens.

[0172] The first wall 10 functions as a first lens shaping device, and the second wall 20 functions as a second lens shaping device.

[0173] In this embodiment, it is possible to reduce the stiffness ratio compared to the lenses shown in Figures 22 and 3, while still achieving similar coma compensation. The stiffness of the second film 22 can be made about 3 to 5 times less than the stiffness of the first film 12 (compared to about 5 to 10 times), which leads to a correspondingly good film thickness ratio.

[0174] Figure 24 shows an embodiment similar to those in Figures 5 and 6 (the reference numerals in Figures 5 and 6 refer to the same features as in Figure 24). Figure 24 shows a lens having a specialized second aperture element 42 positioned on a second film 22. The second aperture element 42 defines and limits the second (and therefore first) aperture portion and the overall optical aperture of the lens. The aperture angle of divergent light entering and leaving the lens (enclosed by two conical dashed lines) is limited by the aperture element 42.

[0175] Figure 25 shows a simulation of a non-circular, elliptical lens forming machine for a conventional liquid lens, where the elastic film of the liquid lens essentially extends along the x and y axes. The color coding indicates the film extension along the z axis (optical axis). Gravity is shown along negative y values. As can be seen from this figure, the liquid in the lens results in a convex projection in the lower half of the lens with a high film appearance (positive z values) and a concave depression (negative z values) in the upper half of the lens. By using the lens according to the present invention, gravity-induced coma in non-circular lens shapes can also be compensated for.

[0176] Given a non-circular, adjustable lens shape with a non-circular film, the gravitational effect can be compensated using a second film having the same or scaled region as the first film, and an isotropically increased or decreased form.

[0177] Figure 26 shows an embodiment of the present invention that includes glasses for displaying augmented reality or virtual reality.

[0178] The eyeglasses 3 include temples 2616 and 2626 for wearing the eyeglasses. The eyeglasses also include a nose bridge 2601 that connects the first eyeglasses 2610 and the second eyeglasses 2620, which are positioned in front of the wearer's eyes when worn.

[0179] The first and second eyeglasses 2610 and 2620 each comprise a first lens 2611 and 2621, and a second lens 2612 and 2622, respectively, according to the present invention. Each of the lenses 2611, 2621, 2612, and 2622 is configured to prevent, or at least reduce, acceleration-dependent aberrations that commonly occur in liquid lenses.

[0180] The first and second lenses of each pair of glasses are positioned so that their optical axes A1 and A2 are aligned. The first and second lenses 2612 and 2622 of each pair of glasses 2610 and 2620 form a stack along the optical axes A1 and A2, and waveguides 2615 and 2625 are positioned between the first lenses 2611 and 2621 and the second lenses 2621 and 2622 of each pair of glasses 2610 and 2620, and waveguides 2615 and 2625, in particular the first and second lenses 2611, 2621, 2612 and 2622, are positioned and configured to display virtual content to each eye of the wearer wearing glasses 3.

[0181] The lens according to the present invention can also be used and formed as a contact lens.

Claims

1. - First mass density (ρ １ ) and the first refractive index (n １ A first chamber (C1) filled with a first transparent liquid (L1) having ) - Second mass density (ρ ２ ) and the second refractive index (n ２ A second chamber (C2) filled with a second transparent liquid (L2) having ), and - A transparent and elastically deformable first membrane (12) that separates the two chambers (C1, C2) from each other and is in contact with the first liquid (L1) and the second liquid (L2), wherein the mass density (ρ1, ρ2) and the refractive index (n １ , n ２ The first film (12) is selected such that acceleration-dependent aberrations of the lens (1), particularly gravity-induced aberrations, and especially gravity-induced coma aberrations, are reduced or prevented. A lens (1) equipped with the following features.

2. The lens (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that when the optical axis (A) of the lens (1) is in a horizontal position, the first film (12) has at least a convex portion (12d) and at least a concave portion (12e) on the surface (120) facing the first liquid (L1).

3. The mass density (ρ １ , ρ ２ ), and the refractive index (n １ , n ２ ) are selected so that the gravity-induced coma aberration of the lens (1) is reduced or prevented without depending on the orientation of the optical axis (A) of the lens (1), the lens (1) according to claim 1 or 2.

4. The first mass density (ρ １ ) is the second mass density (ρ ２ It is smaller than the first refractive index (n １ ) is the second refractive index (n ２ A lens (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it is larger than ).

5. The lens (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the first mass density is greater than the second mass density, and the first refractive index is smaller than the second refractive index.

6. The lens (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the lens (1) comprises a second transparent and elastically deformable second film (22), the second film (22) facing the first film (12).

7. The rigidity s of the first film １ , and the rigidity s of the second film ２ The following equation: [Math 1] The lens (1) according to claim 6, provided by...

8. The lens (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the lens (1) comprises a first side wall (10) in the circumferential direction, the first side wall (10) comprises a first side surface (10a) and a second side surface (10b), the second side surface (10b) facing away from the first side surface (10a), and the lens (1) comprises a first transparent cover element (11), the first cover element (11) is connected to the first side surface (10a) of the first side wall (10), and the first membrane (12) is connected to the second side surface (10b) of the first side wall (10) to form the first chamber (C1).

9. The lens (1) according to any one of claims 6 to 8, wherein the lens (1) comprises a second side wall (20) connected to the first side wall (10), the second side wall (20) having a first side surface (20a) and a second side surface (20b), the second side surface (20b) of the second side wall (20) facing away from the first side surface (20a) of the second side wall (20), the first side surface (20a) of the second side wall (20) being connected to the first membrane (12), and the second side surface (20b) of the second side wall (20) being connected to the second membrane (22) to form the second chamber (C2).

10. The lens (1) according to claim 9, characterized in that the circumferential, particularly circular edge (31a) of the second side surface (10b) of the first side wall (10), and / or the circumferential, particularly circular edge (31b) of the first side surface (20a) of the second side wall (20) forms a first lens shaping device defining a portion (12a) of the first film (12), the portion (12a) of the first film (12) having an adjustable curvature, and the circumferential, particularly circular edge (31c) of the second side surface (20b) of the second side wall (20) forms a second lens shaping device defining a portion (22a) of the second film (22), the portion (22a) of the second film (22) having an adjustable curvature.

11. The lens (1) according to claim 9, comprising a first lens forming device (30a) connected to the first membrane (12) and a second lens forming device (30b) connected to the second membrane (22), wherein the first and second lens forming devices (30a, 30b) are immersed in the second liquid (L2) in the second chamber (C2), and the first lens forming device (30a) has a circumferential, particularly circular inner edge (31a) defining a portion (12a) of the first membrane (12), the portion (12a) of the first membrane (12) having an adjustable curvature, and the second lens forming device (30b) has a circumferential, particularly circular inner edge (31b) defining a portion (22a) of the second membrane (22), the portion (22a) of the second membrane (22) having an adjustable curvature.

12. The lens (1) according to any one of claims 9 to 11, wherein the second side wall (20) comprises a circumferential recess (21) formed on the first side surface (20a) of the second side wall (20), and the first membrane (12) connected to the first side wall (10) and the second side surface (10b) of the first side wall (10) is inserted into the recess (21).

13. The lens (1) according to claim 8, or any one of claims 9 to 12, with reference to claim 8, characterized in that the first side wall (10) is elastically deformable in particular so as to enable the lens (1) to compensate for the thermal expansion of the first and / or second liquids (L1, L2).

14. The lens (1) comprises a lens forming machine (30) having a circumferential, particularly circular inner edge (31), the lens forming machine (30) being connected to a circumferential boundary region (22c) of the second membrane (22) and a portion (12a) of the first membrane (12), such that the circumferential, particularly circular edge (31) of the lens forming machine (30) defines a portion (22a) of the second membrane (22) and a portion (12a) of the first membrane (12), the respective portions (12a, 22a) having an adjustable curvature, and the two membranes (12, 22) enclose the second chamber (C2), as described in any one of claims 6 to 8.

15. The lens (1) according to claim 8, characterized in that the first membrane (12) and the second membrane (22) form a second chamber (C2), the first membrane (12) has a circumferential boundary region (12c) connected to a second side surface (10b) of the first side wall (10), and the second membrane (22) has a circumferential boundary region (22c) connected to the boundary region (12c) of the first membrane (12).

16. The lens (1) according to any one of claims 8 to 15, wherein the first side wall (10) forms a lens mold, and the circumferential, particularly circular edge (31) of the second side surface (10b) of the first side wall (10) defines a portion (12a) of the first film (12) and a portion (22a) of the second film (22), wherein the portion (12a) of the first film (12) has an adjustable curvature, and the portion (22a) of the second film (22) has an adjustable curvature.

17. The rigidity of the first membrane (12), the rigidity of the second membrane (22), in particular the volume of the first chamber (C1), in particular the volume of the second chamber (C2), and the mass density (ρ １ ρ ２ ) and the refractive index (n １ , n ２ The lens (1) according to claim 6, or any one of claims 7 to 16, with reference to claim 6, characterized in that the first and second films (12, 22) are adapted to compensate for gravity-induced coma aberration.

18. The lens (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 17, wherein the lens (1) forms an achromatic surface, and in particular, the first cover element (11) is a plano-convex cover element (11) having a concave surface (11b) facing the first film (12).

19. The lens (1) comprises a first side wall (10) in the circumferential direction, the first side wall comprising a first side surface (10a) and a second side surface (10b), the second side surface (10b) facing away from the first side surface (10a), and the lens (1) comprises a transparent first cover element (11), the first cover element (11) connected to the first side surface (10a) of the first side wall (10), and the first membrane (12) connected to the second side surface (10b) of the first side wall (10) to form the first chamber (C1), and the lens (1) comprises the A lens (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising two side walls (20), wherein the second side wall (20) comprises a first side surface (20a) and a second side surface (20b), the second side surface (20b) of the second side wall (20) facing away from the first side surface (20a) of the second side wall (20), the first side surface (20a) of the second side wall (20) being connected to the first membrane (12), and the second side surface (20b) of the second side wall (20) being connected to a transparent second cover element (22) to form the second chamber (C2).

20. The lens (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 19, comprising an actuator (51) and a pump reservoir (50) fluidly connected to the first chamber (C1), wherein the actuator (51) is configured to pump a first liquid (L1) from the pump reservoir (50) into the first chamber (C1) or from the first chamber (C1) into the pump reservoir (50) in order to adjust the curvature of the portion (12a) of the first membrane (12) and / or the portion (22a) of the second membrane (22), thereby adjusting the focal length of the lens (1).

21. The lens (1) according to claim 19 or 20, characterized in that the second chamber (C2) is at least partially separated by an elastically deformable wall (60) to compensate for pressure changes in the first liquid (L1) in the first chamber (C1) generated by the actuator (51).

22. The lens (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 19, comprising an actuator (51) and a pump reservoir (50) fluidly connected (50F) to a second chamber (C2), wherein the actuator (51) is configured to pump a second liquid (L2) from the pump reservoir (50) into the second chamber (C2) or from the second chamber (C2) into the pump reservoir (50) in order to adjust the curvature of the portion (12a) of the first membrane (12) and / or the portion (22a) of the second membrane (22).

23. The lens (1) according to claim 19 or 22, characterized in that the first chamber (C1) is at least partially separated by an elastically deformable wall (60) to compensate for pressure changes in the second liquid (L2) in the second chamber (C2) generated by the actuator (51).

24. The lens (1) according to claim 19, wherein the lens (1) is configured to be attached to a further lens (2), the further lens (2) comprises a cover element (110), a membrane (42), and a side wall (100), the cover element (110) of the further lens (2) and the membrane (42) of the further lens (2) are connected to the side wall (100) of the further lens (2) so as to surround the chamber (C3) of the further lens (2), the chamber (C3) of the further lens (2) is filled with a third liquid (L3), and the lens (1) is configured to be attached to the further lens (2) such that a gap (43) is formed between the first cover element (11) of the lens (1) and the membrane (43) of the further lens (2).

25. The lens (1) according to claim 19 or 24, characterized in that the side walls (10, 20) of the lens (1) are elastically deformable in such a way that they do not impose a shape-changing load on the first and second cover elements (11, 22), and in particular allow for the thermal expansion of the first and second liquids (L1, L2).

26. The lens (1) according to claim 25, characterized in that the side walls (10, 20) of the lens (1) are elastically deformable in a radial direction (R) extending in a direction parallel to and / or perpendicular to the optical axis (A) of the lens.

27. The lens (1) according to claim 25 or 26, characterized in that the first side wall (10) is formed as a bellows and / or the second side wall (20) is formed as a bellows.

28. The lens (1) according to any one of claims 25 to 27, characterized in that the stiffness of the first side wall (10) and the stiffness of the second side wall (20) are adapted to the volumetric thermal expansion coefficient of the first liquid (L1) and the volumetric thermal expansion coefficient of the second liquid (L2), so that the compensation for the focal refractive power and / or gravity-induced coma aberration of the lens (1) remains constant with respect to temperature.

29. The lens (1) according to claim 18, or any one of claims 24 to 28, characterized in that the volume of the first chamber (C1) and the volume of the second chamber (C2) are adapted to the volumetric thermal expansion coefficient of the first liquid (L1) and the volumetric thermal expansion coefficient of the second liquid (L2), respectively, so that the correction of the focal refractive power and / or gravity-induced coma aberration of the lens (1) remains constant with respect to temperature.

30. The lens (1) according to claim 19 or 24, characterized in that the first chamber (C1) is fluidly connected to an elastically deformable first container (60) so as to allow thermal expansion of the first liquid (L1) without applying a shape-changing load to the first cover element (11), and the second chamber (C2) is fluidly connected to an elastically deformable second container (61) so as to allow thermal expansion of the second liquid (L2) without applying a shape-changing load to the second cover element (22).

31. The lens (1) comprises a first circumferential side wall (10), the first side wall (10) comprising a first side surface (10a) and a second side surface (10b), the second side surface (10b) facing away from the first side surface (10a), and the lens (1) comprises a first transparent cover element (11), the first cover element (11) connected to the first side surface (10a) of the first side wall (10), and the first membrane (12) connected to the second side surface (10b) of the first side wall (10) to form the first chamber (C1), and the two membranes (12, 22) and movable The lens (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the lens (1) comprises an annular movable lens molder (30) connected to the first membrane (12) at a first side surface (300) of the movable lens molder (30) such that the lens molder (30) surrounds the second chamber (C2), and the second membrane (22) is connected to a second side surface (301) of the movable lens molder (30) at a circumferential boundary region (22c), and the second side surface (301) of the movable lens molder (30) is oriented away from the first side surface (300) of the movable lens molder (30).

32. The movable lens molding machine (30) comprises a first circumferential, particularly circular edge (31a) defining a portion (12a) of the first film (12), and a second circumferential, particularly circular edge (31b) on the opposite side defining a portion (22a) of the second film (22), wherein the portion (12a) of the first film (12) has an adjustable curvature, and the portion (22a) of the second film (22) has an adjustable curvature, characterized in that the lens (1) according to claim 31.

33. The lens (1) comprises a first circumferential side wall (10), the first side wall (10) comprising a first side surface (10a) and a second side surface (10b), the second side surface (10b) facing away from the first side surface (10a), and the lens (1) comprises a first transparent cover element (11), the first cover element (11) connected to the first side surface (10a) of the first side wall (10), and the first membrane (12) connected to the second side surface (10b) of the first side wall (10) to form the first chamber (C1), and the lens (1) The lens (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the lens (1) comprises a second side wall (20), the second side wall (20) having a first side surface (20a) and a second side surface (20b), the second side surface (20b) of the second side wall (20) facing away from the first side surface (20a) of the second side wall (20), the first side surface (20a) of the second side wall (20) being connected to the first membrane (12), and the second side surface (20b) of the second side wall (20) being connected to the second membrane (22) to form the second chamber (C2).

34. The lens (1) according to claim 33, wherein the first side wall (10) forms a fixed lens molder, and the circumferential, particularly circular, edge (31a) of the second side surface (10b) of the first side wall (10) defines a portion (12a) of the first film (12), the portion (12a) of the first film (12) has an adjustable curvature, and the lens (1) comprises the movable lens molder (30) connected to the second film (12) at the first side surface (300) of the movable lens molder, the first side surface (300) of the movable lens molder has a circumferential, particularly circular, edge (31b) defining a portion (22a) of the second film (22), and the portion (22a) of the second film (22) has an adjustable curvature.

35. The lens (1) according to any one of claims 33 to 34, characterized in that the volume of the first liquid (L1) in the first chamber (C1) and the volume of the second liquid (L2) in the second chamber (C2) are selected so as to reduce or prevent thermal drift of the focal length of the lens (1).

36. The lens (1) according to claim 32 or 34, characterized in that the lens (1) comprises an actuator (51) configured to move the movable lens molding machine (30) so as to change the curvature of the portions (12a, 22a) of the first and second films (12, 22), thereby changing the focal length of the lens (1).

37. The lens (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 36, characterized in that the wall (10, 20) separating the first or second chamber (C1, C2) of the lens (1) comprises at least one flexible region (60, 61) for allowing thermal expansion of the respective liquids (L1, L2).

38. The lens (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 37, particularly claim 21, is characterized in that when the actuator (51) is not operated, the second liquid (L2) in the second chamber (C2) has pressure such that the first chamber (C1) forms a concave lens portion and the focal length of the lens (1) becomes negative, and when the actuator (51) is operated and the first liquid (L1) is pumped from the pump reservoir (50) into the first chamber (C1), the second chamber (C2) has pressure such that the convex lens portion forms and the focal length of the lens (1) becomes positive.

39. Eyeglasses (3), particularly eyeglasses (3) for augmented reality, comprising: a first lens (2611, 2621) according to any one of claims 1 to 38, and a second lens (2612, 2622) according to any one of claims 1 to 38, wherein the second lens (2612, 2622) is positioned in front of the first lens (2611, 2621), and a waveguide (2615, 2625) is positioned between the first lens (2611, 2621) and the second lens (2612, 2622).

40. The eyeglasses (3) according to claim 39, comprising a further first lens according to any one of claims 1 to 38 and a further second lens according to any one of claims 1 to 38, wherein the further second lens is positioned in front of the further first lens and a further waveguide is positioned between the further first lens and the further second lens.

41. An optical zoom device comprising a first lens (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 38, and a second lens (1') according to any one of claims 1 to 38.

42. Eyeglasses comprising a first pair of eyeglasses and a second pair of eyeglasses, wherein the first pair of eyeglasses comprises a first lens according to any one of claims 1 to 38, and the second pair of eyeglasses comprises a second lens according to any one of claims 1 to 38.

43. The lens (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 38, wherein the first film (12) and the second film (22) in particular are non-circular, and the adjustable portions of the first and / or second films in particular are non-circular.

44. The lens (1) according to any one of claims 8 to 38, wherein the first cover element (11) has a first curved surface (11-1) facing toward the first liquid (L1) and in particular in contact with it, and a second curved surface (11-2) positioned opposite to the first curved surface (11-1) and facing toward the outside of the lens (1), in particular toward the atmosphere, in particular the first and second curved surfaces (11-1, 11-2) have the same curvature, in particular the same radius of curvature, or the first and second curved surfaces (11-1, 11-2) have different curvatures to form either a positive meniscus lens or a negative meniscus lens.

45. The lens (1) according to any one of claims 8 to 38 and 43 to 44, wherein the first cover element (11) is formed to provide optical correction of aberrations, such as being a cone or a cylinder.

46. The lens (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 38 and 43 to 45, wherein the circumferential, particularly circular, edge (31c) of the second side wall (20) of the second side surface (20b) forms a second lens shaping device defining a portion (22a) of the second film (22), and the portion (22a) of the second film (22) has an adjustable curvature, in particular, only the portion (22a) is adjustable or can be adjusted by a movable lens shaping device.

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