High refractive index, low dispersion phosphate glass

Abstract

We provide phosphate glass with a high refractive index and low density. [Solution] The glass composition contains phosphorus oxide (P2O5), niobia (Nb2O5), barium oxide (BaO), and potassium oxide (K2O) as essential components, and may optionally contain titania (TiO2), calcium oxide (CaO), sodium oxide (Na2O), lithium oxide (Li2O), bismuth oxide (Bi2O3), strontium oxide (SrO), tungsten oxide (WO3), and other components, with the total of TiO2 + Nb2O5 being 1.0 mol% or more and 55.0 mol% or less. The glass can be characterized by a high refractive index at 587.56 nm at relatively low density at room temperature.

Description

Priority

[0001] This application claims the benefit of priority under U.S.C. 35 § 119 of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 140407, filed on 22 January 2021, on which the contents are relied and are incorporated herein by reference. [Technical Field]

[0002] This disclosure relates broadly to phosphate glasses with high refractive index and low density. [Background technology]

[0003] Glass is used in a wide variety of optical devices, including augmented reality devices, virtual reality devices, mixed reality devices, and eyeglasses. Desirable properties of this type of glass include high refractive index and low density. Additional desirable properties might include high transmittance and / or low optical dispersion in the visible and near-ultraviolet (near-UV) ranges of the electromagnetic spectrum. Finding a glass that can be formed from a composition having a desired combination of these properties and good glass-forming ability can be a challenge. For example, generally speaking, as the refractive index of glass increases, the density also tends to increase. Species such as TiO2 and Nb2O5 are often added to increase the refractive index of glass without increasing its density. However, these materials usually absorb blue and ultraviolet light, which can undesirably reduce the transmittance of light in these regions of the spectrum by the glass. Often, attempts to increase the refractive index of glass without reducing the transmittance in the blue and ultraviolet regions of the spectrum while maintaining low density can reduce the glass-forming ability of the material. For example, crystallization and / or liquid-liquid phase separation can occur while cooling a molten glass at a cooling rate generally accepted in the industry. Typically, the glass-forming ability decreases as the amount of certain species, such as ZrO2, Y2O3, Sc2O3, and BeO, increases.

[0004] Low-density, high-refractive-index glasses generally belong to one of two types of chemical systems, based on the glass-forming agent used: (a) siliborate or borosilicate glasses, where SiO2 and / or B2O3 are used as the primary glass-forming agent; and (b) phosphate glasses, where P2O5 is used as the primary glass-forming agent. Glasses that rely on other oxides as the primary glass-forming agent, such as GeO2, TeO2, Bi2O3, and / or V2O5, can be difficult to use due to cost, glass-forming ability, optical properties, and production requirements.

[0005] Phosphate glass can be characterized by a high refractive index and low density, but it can be challenging to manufacture due to the volatilization of P2O5 from the molten material and the risk of platinum incompatibility. In addition, phosphate glass is often heavily colored and may require extra decolorization processes to provide glass with the desired transmittance characteristics. Furthermore, phosphate glass exhibiting a high refractive index also tends to show increased optical dispersion, which may be usable in certain applications. [Overview of the Initiative] [Problems that the invention aims to solve]

[0006] In light of these considerations, there is a need for phosphate glasses manufactured from compositions that, if necessary, have a high refractive index and low density, and / or good glass-forming ability, combined with high transmittance in the visible and near-ultraviolet ranges. [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] According to embodiments of this disclosure, a glass comprising multiple components is provided, comprising: 19.0 mol% or more and 27.0 mol% or less of P2O5; 7.5 mol% or more of BaO; 1.0 mol% or more and 35.0 mol% or less of K2O; 0.0 mol% or more and 70.0 mol% or less of Nb2O5; 0.0 mol% or more and 50.0 mol% or less of TiO2; 0.0 mol% or more and 35.0 mol% or less of CaO; 0.0 mol% or more and 15.0 mol% or less of MgO; 0.0 mol% or more and 10.0 mol% or less of Al2O3; 0. The composition of the components includes 0 mol% or more and 1.0 mol% or less of V2O5, the total of TeO2 + SnO2 + SnO is 0.0 mol% or more and 20.0 mol% or less, and the total of SiO2 + GeO2 is 0.0 mol% or more and 15.0 mol% or less, and may optionally contain one or more components selected from B2O3, Bi2O3, CdO, Cs2O, La2O3, Li2O, MoO3, Na2O, PbO, SrO, Ta2O5, WO3, ZrO2, Ga2O3, and ZnO, and the condition: P n -(1.61+0.089 * P d ) > 0.00, and in the formula, P n Equation (I):

[0008]

number

[0009] The refractive index parameter is calculated from the glass composition in units of mole percent of the components, and P d Equation (II):

[0010]

number

[0011] This is a density parameter calculated from the glass composition in units of mole percent of the components, and in the formula, the symbol " * " means multiplication, and glass is revealed.

[0012] According to another embodiment of the present disclosure, a glass containing a plurality of components, comprising P2O5 of 21.5 mol% or more and 27.5 mol% or less, BaO of 6.0 mol% or more, K2O of 1.0 mol% or more, TeO2 of 0.0 mol% or more and 20.0 mol% or less, B2O3 of 0.0 mol% or more and 10.0 mol% or less, ZnO of 0.0 mol% or more and 7.0 mol% or less, Li2O of 0.0 mol% or more and 2.0 mol% or less, GeO2 of 0.0 mol% or more and 1.5 mol% or less, V2O5 of 0.0 mol% or more and 1.0 mol% or less, R2O of 0.0 mol% or more and 30.0 mol% or less, having a composition of components in which the total of TiO2 + Nb2O5 is 1.0 mol% or more and 55.0 mol% or less, and may optionally contain one or more components selected from WO3, Bi2O3, Na2O, CaO, SrO, MgO, Ta2O5, SiO2, ZrO2, PbO, Tl2O, Ag2O, Cu2O, CuO, As2O3 and Sb2O3, and the composition of the components satisfies the condition: TiO2 + Nb2O5 + WO3 + Bi2O3 + GeO2 + TeO2 + 0.5 * Li2O [mol%] ≧ 35, and the glass satisfies the condition: P ref -(0.191 + 0.00123 * (TiO2 + Nb2O5)) > 0.oo, where P ref is a refractive parameter calculated from the glass composition in units of mol% of the components according to formula (III):

[0013]

Number

[0014] Here, R2O is the total of monovalent metal oxides, TiO2 + Nb2O5 is the total of TiO2 and Nb2O5 in the composition expressed in mol%, and the symbol " * " means multiplication, and the glass is disclosed.

[0015] These and other aspects, objects, and features of the present disclosure will be understood and recognized by those skilled in the art upon consideration of the following specification, claims, and accompanying drawings.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0016] [Figure 1] Plots showing the relationship between the refractive index nd and the refractive index parameter Pn calculated by equation (I) for several comparative glasses and several illustrative glasses according to embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 2] Plots showing the relationship between the density dRT at room temperature and the density parameter Pd calculated by equation (II) for several comparative glasses and several illustrative glasses according to embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 3] Plots showing the relationship between the refractive index to density ratio ("refraction") (nd-1) / dRT and the refractive parameter Pref calculated by equation (III) for several comparative glasses and several illustrative glasses according to embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 4] Plots of exemplary cooling schedules for several exemplary glasses according to embodiments of the present disclosure, under “15-minute test” and “2.5-minute test” conditions. [Figure 5] Plots showing the relationship between the density parameter Pd and the refractive index parameter Pn for several comparative glasses and several illustrative glasses according to embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 6] Plots showing the relationship between density dRT and refractive index nd at room temperature for several comparative glasses and several illustrative glasses according to embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 7] Plots showing the relationship between the total TiO2+Nb2O5 and the refractive parameter Pref for several comparative glasses and several exemplary glasses according to embodiments of this disclosure. [Figure 8] Plots showing the relationship between the total TiO2+Nb2O5 and the refractive index to density ratio ("refractive index")(nd-1) / dRT for several comparative glasses and several illustrative glasses according to embodiments of this disclosure. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0017] In the following detailed description, illustrative embodiments disclosing specific details are provided for illustrative purposes, not limitation, to fully understand the various principles of this disclosure. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art who have benefited from this disclosure that this disclosure may be implemented in other embodiments departing from the specific details disclosed herein. Furthermore, descriptions of well-known apparatus, methods, and materials may be omitted so as not to obscure the descriptions of the various principles of this disclosure. Finally, where applicable, similar reference numbers refer to similar elements.

[0018] Unless otherwise specified, none of the methods described herein are intended to be construed as requiring their steps to be performed in a specific order. Therefore, if a claim for a method does not actually enumerate the order in which its steps should be followed, or if it is not otherwise specifically stated in the claim or description that the steps should be limited to a specific order, no order is intended to be implied in any way. This applies, without limitation, to any non-expressive criteria relating to interpretation, including logical matters concerning the arrangement of steps or workflows, literal meanings arising from grammatical construction or punctuation, and the number or type of embodiments described in the specification.

[0019] As used herein, the term "and / or," when used in a list of two or more items, means that any one of the listed items may be used on its own, or any combination of two or more of the listed items may be used. For example, if a composition is described as containing ingredients A, B, and / or C, that composition may contain only A, only B, only C, a combination of A and B, a combination of A and C, a combination of B and C, or a combination of A, B, and C.

[0020] Modifications to this disclosure will be recalled by those skilled in the art and those who make or use this disclosure. Accordingly, the embodiments shown in the drawings and described above are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of this disclosure, and it will be understood that the scope is defined by the following claims, to be interpreted in accordance with the principles of patent law, including the doctrine of equivalents.

[0021] As used herein, the term “approximately” means that quantities, sizes, formulations, parameters, and other quantities and characteristics are not, and do not need to be, exact, but are approximate and / or greater or less, reflecting tolerances, conversion factors, rounding, measurement errors, and other factors known to those skilled in the art, where necessary. Where the term “approximately” is used to describe an endpoint of a value or range, this disclosure should be understood to include the specific value or endpoint being referred to. Whether or not a numerical or range endpoint is “approximately” in the specification, it is intended that such numerical or range endpoints include two embodiments: one modified by “approximately” and one not modified by “approximately.” It will be further understood that each endpoint of a range is significant both with respect to the other endpoint and independently of the other endpoint.

[0022] The term "formed from" can mean one or more of the following: include, substantially from, or consist of. For example, a component formed from a particular material may include, substantially from, or consist of that particular material.

[0023] The terms “not present” and “substantially absent” are used here interchangeably to refer to the amount and / or absence of a particular component in a glass composition that is not intentionally added to the glass composition. It will be understood that a glass composition may contain trace amounts of a particular component as a contaminant or impurity in amounts less than 0.10 mol%.

[0024] As used herein, the term “impurities” refers to components that are not intentionally added to the glass composition and are present in amounts less than 0.05 mol%, when used to describe a particular component in the glass composition. Impurities may be added unintentionally to the glass composition as impurities in other components and / or by the migration of impurities into the composition during processing of the glass composition.

[0025] The term "glass-forming material" is used here to refer to a component that, when present alone in a glass composition (i.e., without other components except for impurities), can form glass when the molten material is cooled at a rate of approximately 200°C / min to approximately 300°C / min or less.

[0026] The term “modifier” as used herein refers to an oxide of a monovalent or divalent metal, i.e., R2O or RO, where “R” represents a cation. Modifiers can be added to a glass composition to alter the atomic structure of the molten material and the resulting glass. In some embodiments, modifiers may alter the coordination number of cations present in the glass-forming material (e.g., boron in B2O3), thereby forming a more polymerized atomic network structure, resulting in better glass formation.

[0027] As used herein, the term "RO" refers to the total content of divalent metal oxides, the term "R2O" refers to the total content of monovalent metal oxides, and the term "Alk2O" refers to the total content of alkali metal oxides. The term R2O includes alkali metal oxides (Alk2O) in addition to other monovalent metal oxides such as Ag2O, Tl2O, and Hg2O. As previously stated, in this disclosure, rare earth metal oxides are referred to herein by the standard formula (RE2O3) in which the rare earth metal has a redox state of "+3", and therefore, rare earth metal oxides are not included in the term RO.

[0028] As used herein, the term “rare earth metals” refers to the metals listed in the lanthanide series of the IUPAC periodic table, as well as yttrium and scandium. As used herein, the term “rare earth metal oxides” is used to refer to oxides of rare earth metals in different redox states, such as “+3” for lanthanum in La2O3, “+4” for cerium in CeO2, and “+2” for europium in EuO. In general, the redox state of rare earth metals in oxide glasses can change, and in particular, its redox state can change during melting, based on the batch composition and / or the redox conditions in the furnace in which the glass is melted and / or heat-treated (e.g., slowly cooled). Unless otherwise specified, rare earth metal oxides are referred here by the standard formula in which the rare earth metal has a redox state of “+3”. Therefore, when a rare earth metal with a redox state other than "+3" is added to a batch of glass compositions, the glass composition is recalculated by adding or removing some oxygen to maintain its stoichiometry. For example, if CeO2 (cerium in a redox state of "+4") is used as a batch component, the resulting glass composition is recalculated assuming that 2 moles of CeO2 are equal to 1 mole of Ce2O3, and the resulting glass composition is represented by Ce2O3. m O n The term "+3" is used to refer to the total content of rare earth metal oxides in all existing redox states, while the term "RE2O3" is used to refer to the total content of rare earth metal oxides in the "+3" redox state.

[0029] The glass density measurement reported here is 0.001 g / cm³. 3 With an error of g / cm³ in water, measured by the Archimedes method 3 The measurement was taken at room temperature in units of d. RT It was identified as g / cm³. 3The values ​​(expressed in units of ) are shown as being measured at 20°C or 25°C and encompass measurements obtained at temperatures that may range from 20°C to 25°C. Room temperature can vary from approximately 20°C to approximately 25°C, but for the purposes of this disclosure, the density variation within the 20°C to 25°C temperature range is 0.001 g / cm³. 3 It is predicted that this error will be smaller than the error margin, and therefore it will not be expected to affect the density measurements at room temperature reported here.

[0030] As used here, good glass-forming ability refers to the resistance of the molten material to devitrification as it cools. Glass-forming ability can be measured by determining the critical cooling rate of the molten material. "Critical cooling rate" or "v cr The term "critical cooling rate" is used here to refer to the minimum cooling rate at which a molten material of a given composition forms a glass without crystals visible under an optical microscope at magnifications of 100 to 500 times. The critical cooling rate can be used to measure the glass-forming ability of a composition, i.e., the ability of a molten material of a given glass composition to form glass when cooled. Generally speaking, the lower the critical cooling rate, the better the glass-forming ability.

[0031] "Liquidus temperature" ("T liq The term "liquidus temperature" (as indicated) is used here to refer to the temperature at which a glass composition is a complete liquid, above which the glass components have not crystallized. The liquidus temperature values ​​reported here were obtained by measuring samples using one of the following three tests: (1) DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimetry), (2) isothermal holding of a sample wrapped in platinum foil, or (3) gradient boat liquidus method. The tests were cross-checked, and similar results were obtained for each test. For samples measured using DSC, powder samples were heated to 1250°C at 10K / min. The end of the endothermic event corresponding to the melting of crystals was interpreted as the liquidus temperature. For samples measured using the isothermal holding method, a glass block (approximately 1 cm) was used to avoid volatilization. 3The glass was wrapped in platinum foil and placed in a furnace at a predetermined temperature for 17 hours, then quickly removed from the furnace and cooled in air. Next, the glass block was observed with an optical microscope to check for crystals throughout the sample. If a few surface crystals appeared after holding the liquidus temperature observed as described above at a temperature not exceeding 30-40°C, these surface crystals were ignored; otherwise, the test was repeated. For samples measured using the gradient boat liquidus method, the procedure described in standard ASTM C829-81 was followed. This involves placing the crushed glass particles in a platinum boat, placing the boat in a furnace with a gradient temperature range, heating the boat in the appropriate temperature range for 24 hours, and determining the highest temperature at which crystals appeared inside the glass by microscopic examination. More specifically, the glass sample is removed as a whole from the Pt boat and observed using a polarizing microscope to identify the Pt-air interface and the location and nature of crystals formed inside the sample. Since the furnace gradient is very well known, the temperature-position can be successfully established within 5-10°C. The temperature at which crystals were observed within the sample was interpreted as representing the liquidus line of the glass (for the corresponding test period). The test was sometimes performed for longer periods (e.g., 72 hours) to observe slower-growing phases. The liquidus viscosity, expressed in Poise, was determined from the liquidus temperature and the coefficients in Fulcher's equation.

[0032] The refractive index values ​​reported here were measured at room temperature (approximately 25°C) unless otherwise specified. The refractive index of glass samples was measured using a Metricon Model 2010 prism-coupler refractometer with an error of approximately ±0.0002. Using Metricon, the refractive index of glass samples was measured at two or more wavelengths: approximately 406 nm, 473 nm, 532 nm, 633 nm, 828 nm, and 1064 nm. The measured dependencies were used to characterize the dispersion, which could then be fitted to Cauchy's law or Sellmeyer's equation to calculate the refractive index of the sample at a given wavelength of interest between the measured wavelengths. d The term "refractive index n" is used here to refer to the refractive index calculated as described above at a wavelength of 587.56 nm, which corresponds to the d-line wavelength of helium.c The term "refractive index n" is used here to refer to the refractive index calculated as described above at a wavelength of 656.3 nm. F The term "refractive index n" is used here to refer to the refractive index calculated as described above at a wavelength of 486.1 nm. g The term "f" is used here to refer to the refractive index calculated as described above at a wavelength of 435.8 nm.

[0033] As used here, "high refractive index" refers to the refractive index value of glass n of at least 1.80 unless otherwise specified. d The term "high refractive index" refers to a refractive index value of glass of at least 1.85, or 1.90, or 1.95, or 2.00.

[0034] The terms "dispersion" and "optical dispersion" are used interchangeably here to refer to the difference or ratio of refractive indices of glass samples at a given wavelength. One numerical measure of optical dispersion reported here is the Abbe number, which is given by formula: v x =(n x -1) / (n F -n C ) can be calculated as follows, where "x" in this disclosure represents one of the commonly used wavelengths (e.g., v d Regarding this, 587.56 nm [d line], v D Regarding this, 589.3nm [D line], n x This is the refractive index at this wavelength (for example, v d Regarding n d , v D Regarding n D ), n F and n C These are the refractive indices at wavelengths of 486.1 nm (F line) and 656.3 nm (C line), respectively. d and v D The values ​​differ only slightly, mostly between ±0.1% and ±0.2%. As reported here, the dispersion of glass samples is determined by the Abbe number (v d It is expressed as ) and this is expressed by the following equation: vd =(n d -1) / (n F -n C The relationship between the refractive indices of the sample at three different wavelengths is characterized according to the formula, where n d This is the calculated refractive index at 587.56 nm (d line), and n F This is the calculated refractive index at 486.1 nm (F line), and n C This is the calculated refractive index at 656.3 nm (C-line). A higher Abbe number corresponds to lower optical dispersion.

[0035] The Abbe number values ​​corresponding to "high dispersion" or "low dispersion" will differ depending on the refractive index from which the Abbe number is calculated. In some cases, the Abbe number corresponding to "low dispersion" for high-refractive-index glass will be lower than the Abbe number corresponding to "low dispersion" for low-refractive-index glass. In other words, as the calculated refractive index value increases, the Abbe number value corresponding to low dispersion decreases. The same applies to "high dispersion" as well.

[0036] The "α" or "α" used here 20~300 The term α refers to the linear thermal expansion coefficient (CTE) of a glass composition over a temperature range from 20°C (room temperature, or RT) to 300°C. This property is measured using a horizontal dilator (push-rod thermal expansion) according to ASTM E228-11. The numerical scale of α is the linear mean over a specific temperature range (e.g., from RT to 300°C), expressed as α = ΔL / (L0ΔT), where L0 is the linear size of the sample at a temperature within or near the measurement range, and L is the linear change in size (ΔL) over the measurement temperature range ΔT.

[0037] Young's modulus E and Poisson's ratio μ are measured using resonant ultrasonic spectroscopy with a Quasar RUSpec 4000, available from Magnaflux Division of ITW Indiana Private Limited.

[0038] The glass transition temperature (Tg) is measured by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) at a heating rate of 10 K / min after cooling in air.

[0039] The term "annealing point," as used here, refers to the point at which the viscosity of a glass of a given glass composition is approximately 10. 13.2 Poise refers to the temperature determined according to ASTM C598-93 (2013).

[0040] symbol" * When used in any expression here, " means multiplication.

[0041] The glass composition may contain phosphorus oxide (P2O5). The glass composition in the embodiments described herein contains phosphorus oxide (P2O5) as the main glass-forming agent. A higher amount of P2O5 increases the viscosity of the molten material at a given temperature, thereby inhibiting crystallization from the molten material upon cooling and thus improving the glass-forming ability of the molten material (i.e., reducing the critical cooling rate of the molten material). However, P2O5 added to the glass composition significantly reduces the refractive index, making it more difficult to reach a high refractive index. Therefore, the P2O5 content in high refractive index glass is limited. In the embodiments, the glass may contain an amount of phosphorus oxide (P2O5) between 19.0 mol% and 35.0 mol%, and all and partial ranges between the above values. In some embodiments, the glass composition may contain P2O5 in amounts of 19.0 mol% or more, 20.0 mol% or more, 21.0 mol% or more, 21.5 mol% or more, 21.7 mol% or more, 22.0 mol% or more, 22.1 mol% or more, 22.5 mol% or more, 23.3 mol% or more, 27.5 mol% or more, 32.0 mol% or more, 32.5 mol% or more, 33.0 mol%, or 34.0 mol% or more. In some embodiments, the glass composition may contain P2O5 in amounts of 35.0 mol% or less, 34.0 mol% or less, 33.0 mol% or less, 32.5 mol% or less, 32.0 mol% or less, 27.5 mol% or less, 27.0 mol% or less, 26.0 mol% or less, 25.0 mol% or less, 24.7 mol% or less, 24.3 mol% or less, 22.5 mol% or less, 22.0 mol% or less, 21.0 mol% or less, or 20.0 mol% or less.In some embodiments, the glass composition is 19.0 mol% or more and 27.0 mol% or less, 20.0 mol% or more and 26.0 mol% or less, 21.0 mol% or more and 26.0 mol% or less, 21.5 mol% or more and 27.5 mol% or less, 21.7 mol% or more and 24.7 mol% or less, 22.1 mol% or more and 24.3 mol% or less, 23.31 mol% or more and 24.98 mol% or less. 0% or less, 19.0 mol% or more and 35.0 mol% or less, 19.0 mol% or more and 27.5 mol% or less, 19.0 mol% or more and 24.3 mol% or less, 20.0 mol% or more and 35.0 mol% or less, 20.0 mol% or more and 22.0 mol% or less, 21.0 mol% or more and 32.0 mol% or less, 22.0 mol% or more and 32.0 mol% or less, 22.0 mol% or more and 25.0 mol % or less, 22.5 mol% or more and 32.5 mol% or less, 22.5 mol% or more and 24.7 mol% or less, 24.3 mol% or more and 35.0 mol% or less, 24.3 mol% or more and 32.5 mol% or less, 24.3 mol% or more and 27.0 mol% or less, 24.3 mol% or more and 24.7 mol% or less, 24.7 mol% or more and 27.0 mol% or less, 25.0 mol% or more and 32.0 mol% The following amounts of P2O5 may be present: 25.0 mol% or more and 27.0 mol% or less, 26.0 mol% or more and 33.0 mol% or less, 26.0 mol% or more and 32.0 mol% or less, 26.0 mol% or more and 27.0 mol% or less, 25.2 mol% or more and 29.4 mol% or less, 22.1 mol% or more and 32.6 mol% or less, or 27.0 mol% or more and 33.7 mol% or less.

[0042] The glass composition may contain germania (GeO2). Geonia (GeO2) provides an excellent ratio between refractive index and density and does not reduce transmittance in the visible and near-ultraviolet ranges (blue region). Geonia is known as one of the few glass-forming oxides, meaning that, like P2O5, SiO2, or B2O3, it can be used in the entire concentration range up to 100% to form glass. However, germania is too expensive and would therefore make the glass composition uneconomical. Accordingly, the germania content should be limited, i.e., the glass composition may not contain GeO2, or may substantially not contain GeO2. In embodiments, the glass may contain germania (GeO2) in amounts between 0.0 mol% and 15.0 mol%, and within the entire and partial range between the aforementioned values. In some embodiments, the glass composition may contain GeO2 in amounts of 0.0 mol% or more, 1.0 mol% or more, 2.0 mol% or more, 3.0 mol% or more, 5.0 mol% or more, 10.0 mol% or more, 12.0 mol% or more, 13.0 mol% or more, or 14.0 mol% or more. In some other embodiments, the glass composition may contain GeO2 in amounts of 15.0 mol% or less, 14.0 mol% or less, 13.0 mol% or less, 12.0 mol% or less, 10.0 mol% or less, 5.0 mol% or less, 3.0 mol% or less, 2.0 mol% or less, 1.5 mol% or less, or 1.0 mol% or less. In some additional embodiments, the glass composition may contain GeO2 in amounts of 0.0 mol% or more and 1.5 mol% or less, 0.0 mol% or more and 15.0 mol% or less, 0.0 mol% or more and 12.0 mol% or less, 0.0 mol% or more and 3.0 mol% or less, 1.5 mol% or more and 13.0 mol% or less, 1.5 mol% or more and 3.0 mol% or less, 2.0 mol% or more and 10.0 mol% or less, 3.0 mol% or more and 13.0 mol% or less, 3.0 mol% or more and 10.0 mol% or less, 5.0 mol% or more and 14.0 mol% or less, 5.0 mol% or more and 10.0 mol% or less, 6.0 mol% or more and 13.7 mol% or less, 1.7 mol% or more and 10.1 mol% or less, or 2.8 mol% or more and 12.4 mol% or less.

[0043] Glass compositions may contain boron oxide (B2O3). According to some embodiments of this disclosure, boron oxide may act as an additional glass-forming agent. As a glass-forming agent, B2O3 can help increase the liquid-phase viscosity and therefore inhibit the crystallization of the glass composition. However, the addition of B2O3 to a glass composition may result in liquid-liquid phase separation, which may cause devitrification and / or reduced transmittance of the resulting glass. Also, the addition of B2O3 to high refractive index glass reduces the refractive index. Therefore, the amount of boron oxide in the glass of this disclosure is limited, i.e., the glass may be substantially free of B2O3. In embodiments, the glass may contain boron oxide (B2O3) in amounts ranging from 0.0 mol% to 10.0 mol% and within the entire and partial range between the aforementioned values. In some embodiments, the glass composition may contain B2O3 in amounts of 0.0 mol% or more, 0.5 mol% or more, 1.0 mol% or more, 1.5 mol% or more, 2.5 mol% or more, 5.0 mol% or more, 7.5 mol% or more, 8.5 mol% or more, 9.0 mol% or more, or 9.5 mol% or more. In some other embodiments, the glass composition may contain B2O3 in amounts of 10.0 mol% or less, 9.5 mol% or less, 9.0 mol% or less, 8.5 mol% or less, 7.5 mol% or less, 5.0 mol% or less, 2.5 mol% or less, 1.5 mol% or less, 1.0 mol% or less, or 0.5 mol% or less.In some additional embodiments, the glass composition is 0.0 mol% or more and 10.0 mol% or less, 0.0 mol% or more and 2.5 mol% or less, 0.0 mol% or more and 0.5 mol% or less, 0.5 mol% or more and 8.5 mol% or less, 0.5 mol% or more and 2.5 mol% or less, 1.0 mol% or more and 2.5 mol% or less, 1.5 mol% or more and 9.0 mol% or less, 1.5 mol% or more and 7.5 mol% or less, 1.5 mol% or more and 2.5 mol% or less. It may contain B2O3 in amounts of 0% or less, 2.5 mol% or more and 9.0 mol% or less, 5.0 mol% or more and 9.5 mol% or less, 5.0 mol% or more and 9.0 mol% or less, 5.0 mol% or more and 7.5 mol% or less, 7.5 mol% or more and 9.5 mol% or less, 7.5 mol% or more and 8.5 mol% or less, 1.5 mol% or more and 7.0 mol% or less, 1.6 mol% or more and 6.2 mol% or less, or 0.4 mol% or more and 5.8 mol% or less.

[0044] Glass compositions may contain monovalent metal oxides (R2O). Monovalent metal oxides such as alkali metal oxides (Li2O, Na2O, K2O, Rb2O, and Cs2O) and other oxides (e.g., Ag2O or Tl2O) can increase the solubility of high refractive index components such as TiO2, Nb2O5, or WO3 in the glass structure while maintaining an acceptable low density. Typically, Li2O, Na2O, and / or K2O are used for this purpose. Of these three oxides, K2O typically provides the greatest improvement in the solubility of high refractive index components. However, the addition of K2O itself can decrease the refractive index, thereby reducing the aforementioned effect. In contrast, Li2O typically provides the highest refractive index-to-density ratio among these three oxides, but has the least effect on the solubility of high refractive index components. Sodium oxide (Na2O) typically produces an effect intermediate between Li2O and K2O. However, predicting the precise effect of these oxides on glass-forming ability is difficult, and the desired ratio of these oxides will differ in different embodiments. In particular, in some embodiments, it is desirable to add all three oxides (Li2O, Na2O, and K2O), or two of them, together with each other. Also, in some embodiments, using a monovalent metal oxide (R2O) together with a divalent metal oxide (RO) improves the glass-forming ability of the glass, making it possible to achieve a higher refractive index at a similar density.

[0045] In some embodiments, the glass composition may contain monovalent metal oxide R2O in amounts of 0.0 mol% or more, 5.0 mol% or more, 10.0 mol% or more, 15.0 mol% or more, 20.0 mol% or more, or 25.0 mol% or more. In some other embodiments, the glass composition may contain monovalent metal oxide R2O in amounts of 30.0 mol% or less, 25.0 mol% or less, 20.0 mol% or less, 15.0 mol% or less, 10.0 mol% or less, or 5.0 mol% or less. In some additional embodiments, the glass composition is 0.0 mol% or more and 30.0 mol% or less, 0.0 mol% or more and 20.0 mol% or less, 0.0 mol% or more and 10.0 mol% or less, 5.0 mol% or more and 30.0 mol% or less, 5.0 mol% or more and 25.0 mol% or less, 5.0 mol% or more and 20.0 mol% or less, 5.0 mol% or more and 15.0 mol% or less, 5.0 mol% or more and 10.0 mol% or less, 10.0 mol% or more and 30.0 mol% or less, 10.0 mol% or more and 25.0 mol% or less, 10 It may contain monovalent metal oxide R2O in amounts of 0.0 mol% or more and 20.0 mol% or less, 10.0 mol% or more and 15.0 mol% or less, 15.0 mol% or more and 30.0 mol% or less, 15.0 mol% or more and 25.0 mol% or less, 15.0 mol% or more and 20.0 mol% or less, 20.0 mol% or more and 30.0 mol% or less, 20.0 mol% or more and 25.0 mol% or less, 13.0 mol% or more and 25.0 mol% or less, 7.0 mol% or more and 15.0 mol% or less, or 4.0 mol% or more and 24.0 mol% or less.

[0046] The glass composition may contain potassium oxide (K2O). Potassium oxide may increase the solubility of high refractive index components such as TiO2 and Nb2O5, more than other monovalent and divalent metal oxides, thereby indirectly increasing the refractive index at relatively low densities. However, potassium oxide itself provides the lowest refractive index among the oxides mentioned above. Therefore, it would be difficult to achieve a high refractive index at high concentrations of K2O. Accordingly, the amount of K2O in the glass of this disclosure is limited. In embodiments, the glass may contain potassium oxide (K2O) in amounts between 0.3 mol% and 35.0 mol%, and within the entire and partial range between the aforementioned values. In some embodiments, the glass composition may contain K2O in amounts of 0.3 mol% or more, 1.0 mol% or more, 2.0 mol% or more, 3.0 mol% or more, 3.5 mol% or more, 5.0 mol% or more, 10.0 mol% or more, 15.0 mol% or more, 20.0 mol% or more, 25.0 mol% or more, 30.0 mol% or more, 32.0 mol% or more, 33.0 mol% or more, or 34.0 mol% or more. In some other embodiments, the glass composition may contain K2O in amounts of 35.0 mol% or less, 34.0 mol% or less, 33.0 mol% or less, 32.0 mol% or less, 30.0 mol% or less, 25.0 mol% or less, 20.0 mol% or less, 15.0 mol% or less, 13.5 mol% or less, 12.5 mol% or less, 10.0 mol% or less, 9.0 mol% or less, 5.0 mol% or less, 3.0 mol% or less, 2.0 mol% or less, or 1.0 mol% or less.In some additional embodiments, the glass composition is 0.3 mol% or more and 15.0 mol% or less, 1.0 mol% or more and 35.0 mol% or less, 1.0 mol% or more and 20.0 mol% or less, 2.0 mol% or more and 13.5 mol% or less, 3.5 mol% or more and 12.5 mol% or less, 5.0 mol% or more and 8.58 mol% or less, 0.3 mol% or more and 35.0 mol% or less, 0.3 mol% or more and 25.0 mol% or less, 0.3 mol% or more and 1.0 mol% or less, 1.0 mol% or more and 25.0 mol% or less, 1.0 mol% or more and 10.0 mol% or less, 2.0 mol% or more and 30.0 mol% or less, 2.0 mol% or more and 5.0 mol% or less, 3.0 mol% or more and 13.5 mol% or less, 3.0 mol% or more and 5.0 mol% or less, 5.0 mol% or more and 3 5.0 mol% or less, 5.0 mol% or more and 13.5 mol% or less, 9.0 mol% or more and 32.0 mol% or less, 9.0 mol% or more and 20.0 mol% or less, 9.0 mol% or more and 12.5 mol% or less, 10.0 mol% or more and 35.0 mol% or less, 10.0 mol% or more and 32.0 mol% or less, 10.0 mol% or more and 20.0 mol% or less, 10.0 mol% or more and 12.5 mol% It may contain K2O in amounts of 0% or less, 12.5 mol% or more and 20.0 mol% or less, 13.5 mol% or more and 35.0 mol% or less, 13.5 mol% or more and 30.0 mol% or less, 13.5 mol% or more and 20.0 mol% or less, 13.0 mol% or more and 31.0 mol% or less, 6.0 mol% or more and 18.0 mol% or less, or 7.0 mol% or more and 22.0 mol% or less.

[0047] Glass compositions may contain sodium oxide (Na2O). In high refractive index glasses, Na2O functions like K2O, improving the solubility of high refractive index components such as TiO2, Nb2O5, WO3, and other oxides, while simultaneously decreasing the refractive index of the glass. In most cases, the effect of Na2O on the solubility of high refractive index components has been found to be slightly lower than the corresponding effect of K2O. However, Na2O provides a lower coefficient of thermal expansion than K2O, which reduces the thermal stress that occurs when the glass article is cooled, and therefore can improve the quality of the glass article. In some embodiments, the glass may contain sodium oxide (Na2O) in amounts of 0.0 mol% or more and 13.0 mol% or less, and all and partial ranges between the above values. In some embodiments, the glass composition may contain Na2O in amounts of 0.0 mol% or more, 1.0 mol% or more, 5.0 mol% or more, or 10.0 mol% or more. In some other embodiments, the glass composition may contain Na2O in amounts of 13.0 mol% or less, 13.0 mol% or less, 10.5 mol% or less, 10.0 mol% or less, 9.5 mol% or less, 7.0 mol% or less, or 5.0 mol% or less.In some additional embodiments, the glass composition is 0.0 mol% or more and 15.0 mol% or less, 0.0 mol% or more and 10.5 mol% or less, 0.0 mol% or more and 10.0 mol% or less, 0.0 mol% or more and 9.5 mol% or less, 0.94 mol% or more and 6.98 mol% or less, 0.0 mol% or more and 5.0 mol% or less, 5.0 mol% or more and 15.0 mol% or less, 5.0 mol% or more and 10.5 mol% or less, 5.0 mol% or more and 9.5 mol% or less, 7.0 mol% or more and 15.0 mol% or less, 7.0 mol It may contain Na2O in amounts of % or more and 13.0 mol% or less, 7.0 mol% or more and 10.5 mol% or less, 7.0 mol% or more and 10.0 mol% or less, 7.0 mol% or more and 9.5 mol% or less, 9.5 mol% or more and 15.0 mol% or less, 9.5 mol% or more and 13.0 mol% or less, 9.5 mol% or more and 10.5 mol% or less, 9.5 mol% or more and 10.0 mol% or less, 4.4 mol% or more and 8.7 mol% or less, 6.5 mol% or more and 11.9 mol% or less, or 0.4 mol% or more and 6.0 mol% or less.

[0048] The glass composition may contain lithium oxide (Li2O). Among known monovalent metal oxides, lithium oxide provides the best refractive index-to-density ratio for glass. In some embodiments, Li2O may also help increase the solubility of Nb2O5 and TiO2, thereby further increasing the refractive index at relatively low densities. In addition, lithium oxide may accelerate the process of glass fading. However, in some embodiments, it has been empirically observed that even small concentrations of Li2O can reduce the glass-forming ability of the glass by causing crystallization or liquid-liquid phase separation of the glass-forming molten material upon cooling. Therefore, the amount of Li2O in the glass of this disclosure is limited. However, the aforementioned undesirable effects of Li2O are difficult to predict. For this reason, the precise boundary of Li2O in embodiments will vary considerably. In particular, in some embodiments, the glass may be substantially Li2O-free. In some embodiments, the glass may contain lithium oxide (Li2O) in amounts of 0.0 mol% or more and 10.0 mol% or less, and all and partial ranges between the above values. In some embodiments, the glass composition may contain Li2O in amounts of 0.0 mol% or more, 0.5 mol% or more, 1.0 mol% or more, 1.5 mol% or more, 2.5 mol% or more, 5.0 mol% or more, 7.5 mol% or more, 8.5 mol% or more, 9.0 mol% or more, or 9.5 mol% or more. In some other embodiments, the glass composition may contain Li2O in amounts of 10.0 mol% or less, 9.5 mol% or less, 9.0 mol% or less, 8.5 mol% or less, 8.0 mol% or less, 7.5 mol% or less, 6.0 mol% or less, 5.25 mol% or less, 5.0 mol% or less, 4.5 mol% or less, 3.0 mol% or less, 2.5 mol% or less, 2.0 mol% or less, 1.5 mol% or less, 1.0 mol% or less, or 0.5 mol% or less.In some additional embodiments, the glass composition is 0.0 mol% or more and 10.0 mol% or less, 0.0 mol% or more and 8.0 mol% or less, 0.0 mol% or more and 6.0 mol% or less, 0.0 mol% or more and 5.25 mol% or less, 0.0 mol% or more and 4.5 mol% or less, 0.0 mol% or more and 2.0 mol% or less, 1.0 mol% or more and 3.49 mol% or less, 0.0 mol% or more and 7.5 mol% or less, 0.0 mol% or more and 3.0 mol% or less, 0.0 mol% or more and 0.5 mol% or less, 0.5 mol% or more and 7.5 mol% or less, 1.0 mol% or more and 5.0 mol% or less, 1.0 mol It may contain Li2O in amounts of 0.2 mol% or more and 2.0 mol% or less, 1.5 mol% or more and 8.0 mol% or less, 1.5 mol% or more and 5.0 mol% or less, 1.5 mol% or more and 2.0 mol% or less, 2.0 mol% or more and 8.0 mol% or less, 2.0 mol% or more and 5.0 mol% or less, 2.5 mol% or more and 8.5 mol% or less, 2.5 mol% or more and 6.0 mol% or less, 2.5 mol% or more and 4.5 mol% or less, 3.0 mol% or more and 4.5 mol% or less, 2.9 mol% or more and 6.8 mol% or less, 0.2 mol% or more and 6.0 mol% or less, or 5.0 mol% or more and 8.8 mol% or less.

[0049] Glass compositions may contain strontium oxide (SrO). In high refractive index phosphate glasses, SrO may improve the solubility of high refractive index components, similar to CaO. However, the improvement in solubility is typically less with SrO than with CaO. Also, SrO provides a somewhat higher density at a similar refractive index. Therefore, the amount of SrO in the glass of this disclosure is limited, or the glass may be substantially SrO-free. In embodiments, the glass may contain strontium oxide (SrO) in amounts of 0.0 mol% or more and 10.0 mol% or less, and all and partial ranges between the above values. In some embodiments, the glass composition may contain SrO in amounts of 0.0 mol% or more, 2.5 mol% or more, 5.0 mol% or more, or 7.5 mol% or more. In some other embodiments, the glass composition may contain SrO in amounts of 10.0 mol% or less, 7.5 mol% or less, 6.5 mol% or less, 5.0 mol% or less, 2.5 mol% or less, or 2.1 mol% or less. In some additional embodiments, the glass composition may contain 0.0 mol% or more and 10.0 mol% or less, 0.0 mol% or more and 7.5 mol% or less, 0.0 mol% or more and 6.5 mol% or less, 0.02 mol% or more and 2.11 mol% or less, 0.0 mol% or more and 2.5 mol% or less, 2.1 mol% or more and 10.0 mol% or less, 2.1 mol% or more and 7.5 mol% or less, 2.1 mol% or more and 6.5 mol% or less, or 2.1 It may contain SrO in amounts of 1.4 mol% or more and 5.0 mol% or less, 2.1 mol% or more and 2.5 mol% or less, 2.5 mol% or more and 10.0 mol% or less, 2.5 mol% or more and 7.5 mol% or less, 2.5 mol% or more and 6.5 mol% or less, 2.5 mol% or more and 5.0 mol% or less, 4.9 mol% or more and 9.6 mol% or less, 3.0 mol% or more and 7.0 mol% or less, or 1.4 mol% or more and 5.0 mol% or less.

[0050] Glass compositions may contain tellurium oxide (TeO2). Tellurium oxide generally functions like bismuth oxide and has similar advantages and disadvantages. In addition, TeO2 is very expensive, which can make the cost of starting materials unacceptably high. Therefore, the content of tellurium oxide should be limited, or the glass composition may not contain TeO2. In some embodiments, the glass may contain tellurium oxide (TeO2) in amounts of 0.0 mol% or more and 20.0 mol% or less, and all and partial ranges between the above values. In some embodiments, the glass composition may contain TeO2 in amounts of 0.0 mol% or more, 1.0 mol% or more, 2.0 mol% or more, 3.0 mol% or more, 5.0 mol% or more, 10.0 mol% or more, 15.0 mol% or more, 17.0 mol% or more, 18.0 mol% or more, or 19.0 mol% or more. In some other embodiments, the glass composition may contain TeO2 in amounts of 20.0 mol% or less, 19.0 mol% or less, 18.0 mol% or less, 17.0 mol% or less, 15.0 mol% or less, 10.0 mol% or less, 5.0 mol% or less, 3.0 mol% or less, 2.0 mol% or less, or 1.0 mol% or less.In some additional embodiments, the glass composition is 0.0 mol% or more and 20.0 mol% or less, 0.0 mol% or more and 17.0 mol% or less, 0.0 mol% or more and 1.0 mol% or less, 1.0 mol% or more and 17.0 mol% or less, 1.0 mol% or more and 5.0 mol% or less, 2.0 mol% or more and 5.0 mol% or less, 3.0 mol% or more and 18.0 mol% or less, 3.0 mol% or more and 15.0 mol% or less, 3.0 mol% or more and 5.0 mol% or less, 5.0 mol% or more and 20.0 mol% or less, 5.0 mol% or more and 1 It may contain TeO2 in amounts of 8.0 mol% or less, 10.0 mol% or more and 20.0 mol% or less, 10.0 mol% or more and 19.0 mol% or less, 10.0 mol% or more and 18.0 mol% or less, 10.0 mol% or more and 17.0 mol% or less, 10.0 mol% or more and 15.0 mol% or less, 15.0 mol% or more and 20.0 mol% or less, 15.0 mol% or more and 19.0 mol% or less, 4.0 mol% or more and 10.0 mol% or less, 4.0 mol% or more and 18.0 mol% or less, or 8.0 mol% or more and 17.0 mol% or less.

[0051] The glass composition may contain vanadium (V2O5). Vanadium provides the highest refractive index-to-density ratio of all oxides. However, vanadium can also cause undesirable dark or even black discoloration and may raise environmental concerns. For these reasons, the vanadium content in the glass of the present invention is limited, or the glass composition may not contain V2O5. In embodiments, the glass may contain vanadium (V2O5) in amounts of 0.0 mol% or more and 1.0 mol% or less, and all and partial ranges between the above values. In some embodiments, the glass composition may contain V2O5 in amounts of 0.0 mol% or more, 0.05 mol% or more, 0.10 mol% or more, 0.15 mol% or more, 0.25 mol% or more, 0.5 mol% or more, 0.75 mol% or more, 0.85 mol% or more, 0.9 mol% or more, or 0.95 mol% or more. In some other embodiments, the glass composition may contain V2O5 in amounts of 1.0 mol% or less, 0.95 mol% or less, 0.9 mol% or less, 0.85 mol% or less, 0.75 mol% or less, 0.5 mol% or less, 0.25 mol% or less, 0.15 mol% or less, 0.10 mol% or less, or 0.05 mol% or less. In some additional embodiments, the glass composition may contain V2O5 in amounts of 0.0 mol% or more and 1.0 mol% or less, 0.0 mol% or more and 0.25 mol% or less, 0.0 mol% or more and 0.05 mol% or less, 0.05 mol% or more and 0.25 mol% or less, 0.10 mol% or more and 1.0 mol% or less, 0.10 mol% or more and 0.25 mol% or less, 0.15 mol% or more and 0.9 mol% or less, 0.15 mol% or more and 0.75 mol% or less, or 0.15 mol% It may contain V2O5 in amounts of 0% or more and 0.25 mol% or less, 0.25 mol% or more and 0.75 mol% or less, 0.5 mol% or more and 0.95 mol% or less, 0.5 mol% or more and 0.9 mol% or less, 0.5 mol% or more and 0.85 mol% or less, 0.5 mol% or more and 0.75 mol% or less, 0.45 mol% or more and 0.75 mol% or less, 0.03 mol% or more and 0.43 mol% or less, or 0.34 mol% or more and 0.81 mol% or less.

[0052] Glass compositions may contain tungsten oxide (WO3). WO3 provides a high refractive index without significantly increasing density or causing undesirable discoloration. However, high concentrations of WO3, such as 10.0 mol% or more, or 20.0 mol% or more, tend to increase the liquidus temperature, decrease the viscosity at liquidus temperature, and make it difficult to avoid crystallization of the molten material upon cooling and / or to obtain high-quality optical glass. Therefore, the WO3 content should be limited, or the glass composition may not contain WO3. In some embodiments, the glass may contain tungsten oxide (WO3) in amounts of 0.0 mol% or more and 10.0 mol% or less, and all and partial ranges between the above values. In some embodiments, the glass composition may contain WO3 in amounts of 0.0 mol% or more, 2.5 mol% or more, 5.0 mol% or more, or 7.5 mol% or more. In some other embodiments, the glass composition may contain WO3 in amounts of 10.0 mol% or less, 7.5 mol% or less, 5.0 mol% or less, 4.6 mol% or less, 4.0 mol% or less, or 2.5 mol% or less. In some additional embodiments, the glass composition may contain WO3 in amounts of 0.0 mol% or more and 5.0 mol% or less, 0.0 mol% or more and 4.6 mol% or less, 0.0 mol% or more and 4.0 mol% or less, 0.0 mol% or more and 10.0 mol% or less, 2.5 mol% or more and 7.5 mol% or less, 2.5 mol% or more and 5.0 mol% or less, 2.5 mol% or more and 4.6 mol% or less, 2.5 mol% or more and 4.0 mol% or less, 4.0 mol% or more and 10.0 mol% or less, 4.0 mol% or more and 7.5 mol% or less, 4.0 mol% or more and 5.0 mol% or less, 4.0 mol% or more and 4.6 mol% or less, 1.5 mol% or more and 7.2 mol% or less, 4.5 mol% or more and 9.2 mol% or less, or 5.0 mol% or more and 7.7 mol% or less.

[0053] Glass compositions may contain bismuth oxide (Bi2O3). Bi2O3 provides a very high refractive index, higher than any other component considered here, but it also increases density. Bi2O3 can sometimes provide undesirable discoloration. Additionally, Bi2O3 can reduce the viscosity of the molten material at high temperatures, which can lead to crystallization of the molten material upon cooling. This effect is particularly pronounced at high concentrations of Bi2O3, for example, greater than 20.0 mol%, greater than 26.0 mol%, or higher. Therefore, the bismuth oxide content should be limited, or the glass composition may not contain Bi2O3 at all. In embodiments, the glass may contain bismuth oxide (Bi2O3) in amounts between 0.0 mol% and 10.0 mol%, and within the entire and partial ranges between the aforementioned values. In some embodiments, the glass composition may contain Bi2O3 in amounts of 0.0 mol% or more, 1.0 mol% or more, 2.5 mol% or more, 5.0 mol% or more, or 7.5 mol% or more. In some other embodiments, the glass composition may contain Bi2O3 in amounts of 10.0 mol% or less, 7.5 mol% or less, 5.0 mol% or less, 4.6 mol% or less, 4.0 mol% or less, or 2.5 mol% or less.In some additional embodiments, the glass composition is 0.0 mol% or more and 5.0 mol% or less, 0.0 mol% or more and 4.6 mol% or less, 0.0 mol% or more and 4.0 mol% or less, 1.47 mol% or more and 3.69 mol% or less, 0.0 mol% or more and 10.0 mol% or less, 2.5 mol% or more and 10.0 mol% or less, 2.5 mol% or more and 7.5 mol% or less, 2.5 mol% or more and 5.0 mol% or less, 2.5 mol% or more and 4.6 mol% or less, 2.5 mol% or more and 4.0 mol% It may contain Bi2O3 in amounts of 0% or less, 4.0 mol% or more and 10.0 mol% or less, 4.0 mol% or more and 7.5 mol% or less, 4.0 mol% or more and 5.0 mol% or less, 4.0 mol% or more and 4.6 mol% or less, 4.6 mol% or more and 10.0 mol% or less, 4.6 mol% or more and 7.5 mol% or less, 4.6 mol% or more and 5.0 mol% or less, 1.4 mol% or more and 7.8 mol% or less, 2.0 mol% or more and 6.0 mol% or less, or 1.4 mol% or more and 5.0 mol% or less.

[0054] The glass composition may contain magnesia (MgO). Magnesia is not frequently used in high refractive index optical glass. Magnesia reduces the low coefficient of thermal expansion, which may be useful in reducing the thermal stress generated within the glass article when it is cooled. However, magnesia provides a smaller increase in the solubility of lower and high refractive index components than other divalent metal oxides such as BaO, SrO, CaO, and ZnO. Also, in phosphate glass, the addition of MgO may lead to the crystallization of magnesium phosphate (Mg3P2O8), which may reduce the glass-forming ability of the glass. Therefore, the amount of MgO in the glass composition of this disclosure is limited, or the glass may be substantially free of MgO. In embodiments, the glass may contain magnesia (MgO) in amounts of 0.0 mol% or more and 15.0 mol% or less, and all and partial ranges between the above values. In some embodiments, the glass composition may contain MgO in amounts of 0.0 mol% or more, 1.0 mol% or more, 2.0 mol% or more, 3.0 mol% or more, 5.0 mol% or more, 10.0 mol% or more, 12.0 mol% or more, 13.0 mol% or more, or 14.0 mol% or more. In some other embodiments, the glass composition may contain MgO in amounts of 15.0 mol% or less, 14.0 mol% or less, 13.0 mol% or less, 12.0 mol% or less, 10.0 mol% or less, 5.0 mol% or less, 3.0 mol% or less, 2.5 mol% or less, 2.3 mol% or less, 2.0 mol% or less, or 1.0 mol% or less.In some additional embodiments, the glass composition is 0.0 mol% or more and 15.0 mol% or less, 0.0 mol% or more and 3.0 mol% or less, 0.0 mol% or more and 2.5 mol% or less, 0.0 mol% or more and 2.3 mol% or less, 0.0 mol% or more and 12.0 mol% or less, 0.0 mol% or more and 2.0 mol% or less, 1.0 mol% or more and 3.0 mol% or less, 1.0 mol% or more and 2.0 mol% or less, 2.0 mol% or more and 12.0 mol% or less, 2.0 mol% or more and 3.0 mol% The following amounts may contain MgO: 2.3 mol% or more and 13.0 mol% or less, 2.3 mol% or more and 3.0 mol% or less, 2.5 mol% or more and 13.0 mol% or less, 2.5 mol% or more and 10.0 mol% or less, 2.5 mol% or more and 3.0 mol% or less, 3.0 mol% or more and 13.0 mol% or less, 3.0 mol% or more and 10.0 mol% or less, 2.1 mol% or more and 10.0 mol% or less, 7.5 mol% or more and 13.7 mol% or less, or 2.5 mol% or more and 9.0 mol% or less.

[0055] The glass composition may contain zinc oxide (ZnO). Zinc oxide provides a relatively good refractive index-to-density ratio and sometimes increases the solubility of titania, thereby indirectly increasing the refractive index of the glass. However, in some embodiments, high concentrations of ZnO can reduce the glass-forming ability of the molten material, and the molten material may tend to crystallize during cooling. This is why the amount of ZnO in the glass of this disclosure is limited, or the glass composition may not contain ZnO. In embodiments, the glass may contain zinc oxide (ZnO) in amounts ranging from 0.0 mol% to 10.0 mol%, and all and partial ranges between the aforementioned values. In some embodiments, the glass composition may contain ZnO in amounts of 0.0 mol% or more, 0.5 mol% or more, 1.0 mol% or more, 1.5 mol% or more, 2.5 mol% or more, 5.0 mol% or more, 7.5 mol% or more, 8.5 mol% or more, 9.0 mol% or more, or 9.5 mol% or more. In some other embodiments, the glass composition may contain ZnO in amounts of 10.0 mol% or less, 9.5 mol% or less, 9.0 mol% or less, 8.5 mol% or less, 7.5 mol% or less, 7.0 mol% or less, 5.0 mol% or less, 4.6 mol% or less, 4.0 mol% or less, 2.5 mol% or less, 1.5 mol% or less, 1.0 mol% or less, or 0.5 mol% or less.In some additional embodiments, the glass composition is 0.0 mol% or more and 7.0 mol% or less, 0.0 mol% or more and 5.0 mol% or less, 0.0 mol% or more and 4.6 mol% or less, 0.0 mol% or more and 4.0 mol% or less, 0.0 mol% or more and 10.0 mol% or less, 0.0 mol% or more and 0.5 mol% or less, 0.5 mol% or more and 10.0 mol% or less, 0.5 mol% or more and 7.5 mol% or less, 0.5 mol% or more and 4.0 mol% or less, 1.0 mol% or more and 10.0 mol% or less, 1.0 mol% or more and 8.5 mol% or less, 1.0 mol% or more and 5.0 mol% or less, 1.5 mol It may contain ZnO in amounts of 1.5 mol% or more and 8.5 mol% or less, 1.5 mol% or more and 5.0 mol% or less, 1.5 mol% or more and 2.5 mol% or less, 2.5 mol% or more and 5.0 mol% or less, 4.0 mol% or more and 9.0 mol% or less, 4.0 mol% or more and 7.5 mol% or less, 4.6 mol% or more and 10.0 mol% or less, 4.6 mol% or more and 9.0 mol% or less, 4.6 mol% or more and 7.5 mol% or less, 4.6 mol% or more and 5.0 mol% or less, 3.0 mol% or more and 6.5 mol% or less, 3.2 mol% or more and 7.6 mol% or less, or 2.0 mol% or more and 7.0 mol% or less.

[0056] The glass composition may contain alumina (Al2O3). Alumina can increase the viscosity of the glass forming molten material at high temperatures, which can reduce the critical cooling rate and improve the glass-forming ability. However, in high refractive index phosphate glasses, the addition of Al2O3 can cause refractory minerals such as aluminum phosphate (AlPO4), aluminum titanate (Al2TiO5), and aluminum niobate (AlNbO4) to crystallize in the glass forming molten material upon cooling. Therefore, the amount of Al2O3 in the glass of this disclosure is limited, or the glass may be substantially free of Al2O3. In embodiments, the glass may contain alumina (Al2O3) in amounts ranging from 0.0 mol% to 10.0 mol%, and within the entire and partial ranges between the aforementioned values. In some embodiments, the glass composition may contain Al2O3 in amounts of 0.0 mol% or more, 0.01 mol% or more, 0.5 mol% or more, 1.0 mol% or more, 1.5 mol% or more, 2.5 mol% or more, 5.0 mol% or more, 7.5 mol% or more, 8.5 mol% or more, 9.0 mol% or more, or 9.5 mol% or more. In some other embodiments, the glass composition may contain Al2O3 in amounts of 10.0 mol% or less, 9.5 mol% or less, 9.0 mol% or less, 8.5 mol% or less, 7.5 mol% or less, 6.0 mol% or less, 5.0 mol% or less, 2.5 mol% or less, 1.5 mol% or less, 1.0 mol% or less, 0.5 mol% or less, or 0.02 mol% or less.In some additional embodiments, the glass composition is 0.0 mol% or more and 10.0 mol% or less, 0.0 mol% or more and 6.0 mol% or less, 0.01 mol% or more and 0.02 mol% or less, 0.0 mol% or more and 7.5 mol% or less, 0.0 mol% or more and 1.5 mol% or less, 0.02 mol% or more and 5.0 mol% or less, 0.02 mol% or more and 1.0 mol% or less, 0.5 mol% or more and 5.0 mol% or less, 0.5 mol% or more and 1.0 mol% or less, 1.0 mol% or more and 10 It may contain Al2O3 in amounts of 0.0 mol% or less, 1.0 mol% or more and 8.5 mol% or less, 1.0 mol% or more and 5.0 mol% or less, 1.5 mol% or more and 9.0 mol% or less, 2.5 mol% or more and 7.5 mol% or less, 2.5 mol% or more and 5.0 mol% or less, 5.0 mol% or more and 7.5 mol% or less, 1.4 mol% or more and 5.0 mol% or less, 0 mol% or more and 8.3 mol% or less, or 3.5 mol% or more and 7.5 mol% or less.

[0057] The glass composition may contain barium oxide (BaO). Barium oxide may increase the solubility of high refractive index components such as TiO2 and Nb2O5 more than other divalent metal oxides, which may indirectly lead to a further increase in refractive index at relatively low densities. However, barium is a heavy element, and if added in large quantities, the density of the glass will increase. Also, at high concentrations, barium may lead to the crystallization of minerals such as barium titanate (BaTiO3), barium niobate (BaNb2O6), and barium orthophosphate (Ba3P2O8), which may lead to the crystallization of the glass-forming molten material when cooled. Therefore, the amount of BaO in the glass of this disclosure is limited. In embodiments, the glass may contain barium oxide (BaO) in amounts ranging from 5.0 mol% to 23.3 mol%, and in all and partial ranges between the above values. In some embodiments, the glass composition may contain BaO in amounts of 5.0 mol% or more, 6.0 mol% or more, 6.3 mol% or more, 6.5 mol% or more, 7.0 mol% or more, 7.5 mol% or more, 8.0 mol% or more, 10.0 mol% or more, 15.0 mol% or more, 20.0 mol% or more, 20.3 mol% or more, 21.3 mol% or more, or 22.3 mol% or more. In some other embodiments, the glass composition may contain BaO in amounts of 23.3 mol% or less, 22.3 mol% or less, 21.3 mol% or less, 20.3 mol% or less, 20.0 mol% or less, 17.0 mol% or less, 15.5 mol% or less, 15.0 mol% or less, 14.8 mol% or less, 10.0 mol% or less, 8.0 mol% or less, 7.0 mol% or less, or 6.0 mol% or less.In some additional embodiments, the glass composition is 5.0 mol% or more and 20.0 mol% or less, 6.0 mol% or more and 17.0 mol% or less, 6.26 mol% or more and 14.78 mol% or less, 6.5 mol% or more and 15.5 mol% or less, 5.0 mol% or more and 23.3 mol% or less, 5.0 mol% or more and 14.8 mol% or less, 5.0 mol% or more and 6.0 mol% or less, 6.0 mol% or more and 20.0 mol% or less, 6.0 mol% or more and 14.8 mol% or less, 7.0 mol% or more and 15.5 mol% or less, 8.0 mol% or more and 20.3 mol% or less, 8.0 mol% or more It may contain BaO in amounts of 15.5 mol% or less, 8.0 mol% or more and 10.0 mol% or less, 10.0 mol% or more and 15.5 mol% or less, 14.8 mol% or more and 21.3 mol% or less, 15.0 mol% or more and 23.3 mol% or less, 15.0 mol% or more and 21.3 mol% or less, 15.0 mol% or more and 20.0 mol% or less, 15.0 mol% or more and 15.5 mol% or less, 15.5 mol% or more and 21.3 mol% or less, 8.0 mol% or more and 21.0 mol% or less, 10.0 mol% or more and 16.0 mol% or less, or 11.0 mol% or more and 17.0 mol% or less.

[0058] Glass compositions may contain calcium oxide (CaO). Calcium oxide provides the best refractive index-to-density ratio of glass among known monovalent and divalent metal oxides. In some embodiments, CaO may help increase the solubility of Nb2O5 and TiO2, which contributes to increasing the refractive index at relatively low densities. However, too much CaO in the glass may lead to the crystallization of refractory species such as calcium titanate (CaTiO3, CaTi2O5, etc.), calcium niobate (CaNb2O6), and calcium metasilicate (CaSiO3), which can reduce the viscosity at liquidus temperature and therefore increase the critical cooling rate, which can lead to crystallization of the glass-forming molten material upon cooling. This is why the amount of CaO in the glass of this disclosure is limited. In embodiments, the glass may contain calcium oxide (CaO) in amounts ranging from 0.0 mol% to 35.0 mol%, and within the entire and partial ranges between the aforementioned values. In some embodiments, the glass composition may contain CaO in amounts of 0.0 mol% or more, 1.0 mol% or more, 2.0 mol% or more, 3.0 mol% or more, 4.2 mol% or more, 5.0 mol% or more, 10.0 mol% or more, 15.0 mol% or more, 20.0 mol% or more, 25.0 mol% or more, 30.0 mol% or more, 32.0 mol% or more, 33.0 mol% or more, or 34.0 mol% or more. In some other embodiments, the glass composition may contain CaO in amounts of 35.0 mol% or less, 34.0 mol% or less, 33.0 mol% or less, 32.0 mol% or less, 30.0 mol% or less, 25.0 mol% or less, 20.0 mol% or less, 15.0 mol% or less, 14.5 mol% or less, 13.0 mol% or less, 11.6 mol% or less, 10.0 mol% or less, 5.0 mol% or less, 3.0 mol% or less, 2.0 mol% or less, or 1.0 mol% or less.In some additional embodiments, the glass composition is 0.0 mol% or more and 35.0 mol% or less, 0.0 mol% or more and 30.0 mol% or less, 0.0 mol% or more and 20.0 mol% or less, 0.0 mol% or more and 14.5 mol% or less, 0.0 mol% or more and 13.0 mol% or less, 4.18 mol% or more and 11.64 mol% or less, 0.0 mol% or more and 25.0 mol% or less, 0.0 mol% or more and 1.0 mol% or less, 1.0 mol% or more and 35.0 mol% or less, 1.0 mol% or more and 25.0 mol% or less, 1.0 mol% or more and 11.6 mol% or less, 3.0 mol% or more and 30.0 mol% or less, 3.0 mol% or more and 14.5 mol% or less, 3.0 mol% or more It may also contain CaO in amounts of 5.0 mol% or less, 5.0 mol% or more and 35.0 mol% or less, 5.0 mol% or more and 30.0 mol% or less, 5.0 mol% or more and 14.5 mol% or less, 10.0 mol% or more and 13.0 mol% or less, 11.6 mol% or more and 32.0 mol% or less, 11.6 mol% or more and 20.0 mol% or less, 13.0 mol% or more and 32.0 mol% or less, 14.5 mol% or more and 33.0 mol% or less, 14.5 mol% or more and 30.0 mol% or less, 14.5 mol% or more and 20.0 mol% or less, 3.0 mol% or more and 16.0 mol% or less, 14.0 mol% or more and 34.0 mol% or less, or 9.0 mol% or more and 27.0 mol% or less.

[0059] Glass compositions may contain titania (TiO2). High refractive index glasses typically contain species such as TiO2 and Nb2O5 that absorb at least some optical light, particularly light in the blue and near-ultraviolet regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. In embodiments of the present disclosure, the transmittance of the glass may be characterized for different wavelengths in the range of about 300 nm to 2300 nm. High transmittance in the visible and near-ultraviolet regions (blue region) is particularly desirable in some applications. High blue transmittance can be difficult to achieve with high refractive index glasses. High levels of TiO2 and / or Nb2O5, which are typically used in glass to increase the refractive index, tend to reduce transmittance in the near-ultraviolet region and shift the UV cutoff to larger wavelengths. Therefore, the amount of TiO2 in the glass compositions of the present disclosure is limited. In embodiments, the glass may contain titania (TiO2) in amounts from 0.0 mol% to 55.0 mol%, and in all and partial ranges between the above values. In some embodiments, the glass composition may contain TiO2 in amounts of 0.0 mol% or more, 0.3 mol% or more, 2.0 mol% or more, 4.0 mol% or more, 6.0 mol% or more, 8.0 mol% or more, 10.0 mol% or more, 11.0 mol% or more, 17.0 mol% or more, 20.0 mol% or more, 30.0 mol% or more, 40.0 mol% or more, 50.0 mol% or more, 52.0 mol% or more, or 54.0 mol% or more. In some other embodiments, the glass composition may contain TiO2 in amounts of 55.0 mol% or less, 54.0 mol% or less, 52.0 mol% or less, 50.0 mol% or less, 40.0 mol% or less, 33.0 mol% or less, 30.0 mol% or less, 22.0 mol% or less, 20.0 mol% or less, 10.0 mol% or less, 6.0 mol% or less, 4.0 mol% or less, or 2.0 mol% or less.In some additional embodiments, the glass composition is 0.0 mol% or more and 50.0 mol% or less, 0.3 mol% or more and 40.0 mol% or less, 8.0 mol% or more and 33.0 mol% or less, 11.0 mol% or more and 30.0 mol% or less, 16.98 mol% or more and 22.27 mol% or less, 0.0 mol% or more and 55.0 mol% or less, 0.0 mol% or more and 40.0 mol% or less, 2.0 mol% or more and 55.0 mol% or less, 2.0 mol% or more and 20.0 mol% or less, 4.0 mol% or more and 10.0 mol% or less, 6.0 mol% or more and 55.0 mol% or less, 6.0 mol% or more and 10.0 mol% or less, 10.0 mol% or more and 50.0 mol% or less. It may contain TiO2 in amounts of 10.0 mol% or more and 30.0 mol% or less, 20.0 mol% or more and 52.0 mol% or less, 20.0 mol% or more and 40.0 mol% or less, 20.0 mol% or more and 30.0 mol% or less, 22.0 mol% or more and 40.0 mol% or less, 22.0 mol% or more and 30.0 mol% or less, 33.0 mol% or more and 55.0 mol% or less, 33.0 mol% or more and 54.0 mol% or less, 33.0 mol% or more and 52.0 mol% or less, 33.0 mol% or more and 40.0 mol% or less, 8.0 mol% or more and 45.0 mol% or less, 2.0 mol% or more and 23.0 mol% or less, or 13.0 mol% or more and 40.0 mol% or less.

[0060] The glass composition may contain niobia (Nb2O5). Niobia can be used in some embodiments of this disclosure to increase the refractive index of the glass while maintaining low density, similar to titania. However, niobia may introduce a non-fading yellow tint to the glass in the same manner as titania, which can reduce transmittance, particularly in the blue and ultraviolet ranges. Niobia, like titania, may cause crystallization and / or phase separation of the molten material. In some cases, niobia may impart high optical dispersion to the glass, which may be significantly higher than the optical dispersion induced by titania and some other high refractive index components when added at similar concentrations. The effect of niobia may be influenced by other components of the glass, and therefore, determining the precise limit of niobia can be challenging. In some embodiments, the glass may be substantially free of Nb2O5. In this case, its function is performed by other species, such as TiO2. In some embodiments, the glass may contain Nb2O5 in amounts ranging from 0.0 mol% to 70.0 mol%, and within the entire and partial ranges between these values. In some embodiments, the glass composition may contain Nb2O5 at concentrations of 0.0 mol% or more, 2.0 mol% or more, 4.0 mol% or more, 6.0 mol% or more, 10.0 mol% or more, 20.0 mol% or more, 21.0 mol% or more, 23.5 mol% or more, 28.0 mol% or more, 30.0 mol% or more, 40.0 mol% or more, 50.0 mol% or more, 60.0 mol% or more, 64.0 mol% or more, 66.0 mol% or more, or 68.0 mol% or more. In some other embodiments, the glass composition may contain Nb2O5 at concentrations of 70.0 mol% or less, 68.0 mol% or less, 66.0 mol% or less, 64.0 mol% or less, 60.0 mol% or less, 55.0 mol% or less, 50.0 mol% or less, 40.0 mol% or less, 37.0 mol% or less, 34.0 mol% or less, 30.0 mol% or less, 20.0 mol% or less, 10.0 mol% or less, 6.0 mol% or less, 4.0 mol% or less, or 2.0 mol% or less.In some additional embodiments, the glass composition is 0.0 mol% or more and 70.0 mol% or less, 10.0 mol% or more and 50.0 mol% or less, 10.0 mol% or more and 40.0 mol% or less, 21.0 mol% or more and 40.0 mol% or less, 23.5 mol% or more and 37.0 mol% or less, 27.99 mol% or more and 34.0 mol% or less, 0.0 mol% or more and 2.0 mol% or less, 2.0 mol% or more and 70.0 mol% or less, 2.0 mol% or more and 55.0 mol% or less, 4.0 mol% or more and 70.0 mol% or less, 4.0 mol% or more and 60.0 mol% or less, 4.0 mol% or more and 37.0 mol% or less, 4.0 mol% or more and 10.0 mol% or less, 6.0 mol% or more and 60.0 mol% or less, 6.0 mol% or more and 1 It may contain Nb2O5 at concentrations of 0.0 mol% or less, 10.0 mol% or more and 37.0 mol% or less, 20.0 mol% or more and 50.0 mol% or less, 20.0 mol% or more and 34.0 mol% or less, 30.0 mol% or more and 50.0 mol% or less, 30.0 mol% or more and 34.0 mol% or less, 34.0 mol% or more and 70.0 mol% or less, 34.0 mol% or more and 64.0 mol% or less, 34.0 mol% or more and 50.0 mol% or less, 37.0 mol% or more and 66.0 mol% or less, 37.0 mol% or more and 60.0 mol% or less, 37.0 mol% or more and 50.0 mol% or less, 18.0 mol% or more and 42.0 mol% or less, 10.0 mol% or more and 45.0 mol% or less, or 30.0 mol% or more and 58.0 mol% or less.

[0061] In some embodiments, the total SiO2 + GeO2 content in the glass composition may be 0.0 mol% or more, 5.0 mol% or more, or 10.0 mol% or more. In some other embodiments, the total SiO2 + GeO2 content in the glass composition may be 15.0 mol% or less, 10.0 mol% or less, or 5.0 mol% or less. In some embodiments, the total SiO2 + GeO2 content in the glass composition may be 0.0 mol% or more and 15.0 mol% or less, 0.0 mol% or more and 10.0 mol% or less, 0.0 mol% or more and 5.0 mol% or less, 5.0 mol% or more and 15.0 mol% or less, 5.0 mol% or more and 10.0 mol% or less, 3.0 mol% or more and 8.5 mol% or less, 4.3 mol% or more and 10.5 mol% or less, or 3.5 mol% or more and 8.5 mol% or less.

[0062] In some embodiments, the total amount of TeO2 + SnO2 + SnO in the glass composition may be 0.0 mol% or more, 5.0 mol% or more, 10.0 mol% or more, or 15.0 mol% or more. In some other embodiments, the total amount of TeO2 + SnO2 + SnO in the glass composition may be 20.0 mol% or less, 15.0 mol% or less, 10.0 mol% or less, or 5.0 mol% or less. In some additional embodiments, the glass composition may have a total of TeO2 + SnO2 + SnO of 0.0 mol% or more and 20.0 mol% or less, 0.0 mol% or more and 15.0 mol% or less, 0.0 mol% or more and 10.0 mol% or less, 0.0 mol% or more and 5.0 mol% or less, 5.0 mol% or more and 20.0 mol% or less, 5.0 mol% or more and 15.0 mol% or less, 5.0 mol% or more and 10.0 mol% or less, 10.0 mol% or more and 20.0 mol% or less, 10.0 mol% or more and 15.0 mol% or less, 6.0 mol% or more and 15.0 mol% or less, 7.0 mol% or more and 16.0 mol% or less, or 8.0 mol% or more and 14.0 mol% or less.

[0063] In some embodiments, the total TiO2 + Nb2O5 content in the glass composition may be 0.0 mol% or more, 1.0 mol% or more, 10.0 mol% or more, 20.0 mol% or more, 30.0 mol% or more, 40.0 mol% or more, 49.0 mol% or more, or 50.0 mol% or more. In some other embodiments, the total TiO2 + Nb2O5 content in the glass composition may be 55.0 mol% or less, 53.0 mol% or less, 50.0 mol% or less, 40.0 mol% or less, 30.0 mol% or less, 20.0 mol% or less, or 10.0 mol% or less. In some additional embodiments, the glass composition contains a total of 1.0 mol% or more and 55.0 mol% or less, 0.0 mol% or more and 55.0 mol% or less, 0.0 mol% or more and 50.0 mol% or less, 0.0 mol% or more and 30.0 mol% or less, 1.0 mol% or more and 50.0 mol% or less, 1.0 mol% or more and 30.0 mol% or less, 1.0 mol% or more and 10.0 mol% or less, 10.0 mol% or more and 50.0 mol% or less, and 10.0 mol% or more and 30.0 mol% The following may be true: 20.0 mol% or more and 55.0 mol% or less, 20.0 mol% or more and 53.0 mol% or less, 20.0 mol% or more and 40.0 mol% or less, 30.0 mol% or more and 55.0 mol% or less, 30.0 mol% or more and 53.0 mol% or less, 30.0 mol% or more and 50.0 mol% or less, 30.0 mol% or more and 40.0 mol% or less, 12.0 mol% or more and 36.0 mol% or less, 32.0 mol% or more and 50.0 mol% or less, or 8.0 mol% or more and 30.0 mol% or less.

[0064] In some embodiments, the glass is TiO2+Nb2O5+WO3+Bi2O3+GeO2+TeO2+0.5 *There may be limitations on the total number of Li2O. These oxides may have high refractive index components (TiO2, Nb2O5, WO3, Bi2O3, TeO2) or significantly improve the refractive index-to-density ratio (GeO2, Li2O). However, Li2O provides a significantly lower refractive index than the other oxides mentioned above, and therefore its total count is set at 0.5. TiO2 + Nb2O5 + WO3 + Bi2O3 + GeO2 + TeO2 + 0.5 * The total amount of Li2O can be used as an estimate of the refractive index that can potentially be achieved in a given glass composition. In some embodiments, the glass composition contains TiO2 + Nb2O5 + WO3 + Bi2O3 + GeO2 + TeO2 + 0.5 * The total value of Li2O may be 35 mol% or more, 40 mol% or more, 45 mol% or more, or 50 mol% or more. In some other embodiments, the glass composition contains TiO2 + Nb2O5 + WO3 + Bi2O3 + GeO2 + TeO2 + 0.5 * The total value of Li2O may be 53 mol% or less, 50 mol% or less, 45 mol% or less, or 40 mol% or less. In some additional embodiments, the glass composition contains TiO2 + Nb2O5 + WO3 + Bi2O3 + GeO2 + TeO2 + 0.5 * The total value of Li2O may be 35 mol% or more and 53 mol% or less, 35 mol% or more and 50 mol% or less, 35 mol% or more and 45 mol% or less, 35 mol% or more and 40 mol% or less, 40 mol% or more and 53 mol% or less, 40 mol% or more and 50 mol% or less, 40 mol% or more and 45 mol% or less, 45 mol% or more and 53 mol% or less, 45 mol% or more and 50 mol% or less, 42 mol% or more and 51 mol% or less, 45 mol% or more and 53 mol% or less, or 36 mol% or more and 51 mol% or less.

[0065] In some embodiments, the glass is 3.50 g / cm³ 3 Based on the above, 4.50 g / cm³ 3 , and the density of the entire range and partial range between the aforementioned values ​​d RTmay have. In some embodiments, the glass composition has a density d of 3.50 g / cm 3 or more, 3.55 g / cm 3 or more, 3.60 g / cm 3 or more, 3.65 g / cm 3 or more, 3.75 g / cm 3 or more, 3.90 g / cm 3 or more, 4.15 g / cm 3 or more, 4.35 g / cm 3 or more, 4.40 g / cm 3 or more, or 4.45 g / cm 3 or more. In some other embodiments, the glass composition has a density d of 4.50 g / cm RT or less, 4.45 g / cm 3 or less, 4.40 g / cm 3 or less, 4.35 g / cm<00憨00074>or less, 4.20 g / cm 3 or less, 4.15 g / cm 3 or less, 4.10 g / cm憨<00000憨7>or less, 3.94 g / cm 3 or less, 3.90 g / cm 3 or less, 3.80 g / cm 3 or less, 3.65 g / cm 3 or less, 3.60 g / cm 3 or less, 3.55 g / cm 3 or less, or 3.50 g / cm 3 or less. In some additional embodiments, the glass composition has a density d of 3.50 g / cm RT or more to 4.50 g / cm 3 , 3.50 g / cm<00000憨7>or more to 4.20 g / cm 3 , 3憨50 g / cm 3 or more to 3.90 g / cm 3 , 3.55 g / cm 3 or more to 3.90 g / cm 3 , 3.60 g / cm 3 or more to 4.50 g / cm 3 , 3.60 g / cm 3 or more to 4.35 g / cm 3 , 3.60 g / cm 3 , 3.60 g / cm 3Based on the above, 3.80 g / cm³ 3 3.80 g / cm³ 3 Based on the above, 4.35 g / cm³ 3 3.90 g / cm³ 3 Based on the above, the concentration is 4.40 g / cm³. 3 3.90 g / cm³ 3 Based on the above, the concentration is 4.20 g / cm³. 3 3.94 g / cm³ 3 Based on the above, the concentration is 4.40 g / cm³. 3 3.65 g / cm³ 3 Based on the above, the concentration is 4.15 g / cm³. 3 3.80 g / cm³ 3 Based on the above, 4.30 g / cm³ 3 , or 3.95 g / cm³ 3 Based on the above, the result is 4.42 g / cm³. 3 density d RT They may have it.

[0066] In some embodiments, the glass has a refractive index n ranging from 1.80 to 2.05, and the entire range and partial range between the above values. d It may have a refractive index n of 1.80 or higher, 1.82 or higher, 1.84 or higher, 1.85 or higher, 1.90 or higher, 1.95 or higher, 1.96 or higher, 1.99 or higher, 2.00 or higher, 2.01 or higher, or 2.03 or higher. d It may have a refractive index n of 2.05 or less, 2.03 or less, 2.01 or less, 2.00 or less, 1.99 or less, 1.90 or less, 1.84 or less, or 1.82 or less. d In some additional embodiments, the glass composition has a refractive index n of 1.80 to 2.05, 1.80 to 2.01, 1.80 to 1.99, 1.84 to 2.01, 1.84 to 1.99, 1.90 to 2.03, 1.90 to 2.01, 1.90 to 2.00, 1.90 to 1.99, 1.99 to 2.05, 1.88 to 2.03, 1.85 to 1.97, or 1.93 to 2.03. d They may have it.

[0067] In some embodiments, the glass composition may have a refractive index of 0.24 or higher. In some embodiments, the glass composition may have a refractive index of 0.24 or higher, or 0.25 or higher.

[0068] In some embodiments, the glass composition has a quantity n of 0.00 or more. d -(1.61+0.089 * d RT ) may have.

[0069] In some embodiments, the glass composition has a quantity of 0.00 or more (n d -1) / d RT -(0.191+0.00123 * It may contain (TiO2 + Nb2O5).

[0070] refractive index n d , density d RT , and refraction are properties of glass that can be predicted from the glass composition. Linear regression analysis was performed on the example glass of this disclosure and other glass compositions reported in the literature in the Examples section below to determine the refractive index n d , density d RT We determined an equation that can predict the compositional dependence of refraction.

[0071] A training data set of glass compositions that meet the criteria specified in Table 1 below and have measured values ​​for the properties of interest (for each property (refractive index n) d , density d RTFor properties (refractive index, refractive index, and refraction), approximately 100 glass compositions were randomly selected from the literature data presented in the publicly available SciGlass Information System database and from the illustrative glasses from the embodiments presented herein. Linear regression analysis was used on the previously identified data sets to determine the equations, excluding non-significant variables and outliers. The resulting equations are presented in Table 2 below. Another set of glass compositions meeting the same criteria was used as a validation data set to evaluate their ability to fall within a predetermined composition range. This corresponds to the standard deviation defined in Table 2. An external data set of prior art glass compositions, randomly selected from the SciGlass Information System, was also used to evaluate the ability to predict properties outside the predetermined composition range with reasonable accuracy. This process was repeated multiple times to determine the best random variable for each property corresponding to the regression equations described above, as defined in Table 2.

[0072] The comparative glass composition data used in the linear regression model, including the training data set, validation data set, and external data set, was obtained from the publicly available SciGlass Information System database. Equations (I), (II), and (III) below were obtained from the linear regression analysis, and represent the refractive index n of the glass, respectively. d , density d RT , and used to predict refraction:

[0073]

number

[0074]

number

[0075]

number

[0076] In equations (I), (II), and (III), and in Tables 1 and 2, the refractive index parameter P n The refractive index n is derived from the concentration of the components of the glass composition, expressed in mol%. d The parameter that predicts the density parameter P. d The density d is derived from the concentration of the components of the glass composition, expressed in mol%. RT The parameter that predicts the refraction; P ref P2O5 is a parameter that predicts refraction from the concentration of components of a glass composition expressed in mol%. In formulas (I), (II), and (III), each component of the glass composition is listed with respect to its chemical formula, where the chemical formula refers to the concentration of the component expressed in mol%. For example, for the purposes of formulas (I), (II), and (III), P2O5 refers to the concentration of P2O5 in the glass composition expressed in mol%. It will be understood that not all components listed in formulas (I), (II), and (III) are necessarily present in a particular glass composition, and that formulas (I), (II), and (III) are equally valid for glass compositions containing some, but not all, of the components listed in those formulas. It will be further understood that formulas (I), (II), and (III) are also valid for glass compositions that fall within the scope and claims of this disclosure and that contain multiple components in addition to the components listed in the formulas. If the components listed in formulas (I), (II), and (III) are not present in a particular glass composition, the concentration of that component in the glass composition is 0 mol%, and the contribution of that component to the value calculated from the formula is zero. In Table 1, R m O n R₀ is the sum of all oxides, R₂O is the sum of monovalent metal oxides, and RO is the sum of divalent metal oxides.

[0077] [Table 1]

[0078] [Table 2]

[0079] Figure 1 shows the measured refractive index n for some glass from the literature ("Comparative Glass") and some example glass ("Example Glass"). d The parameter P calculated by equation (I) as a function of n This is a plot of the parameter P. As shown in the data in Figure 1, n The composition dependence corresponds to the standard error specified in Table 2, and is measured n for most of the glass. d The error was within the range of ±0.021 units.

[0080] Figure 2 shows the measured density d for some glass from the literature ("Comparative Glass") and some example glass ("Example Glass"). RT The parameter P calculated by equation (II) as a function of d This is a plot of the parameter P. As shown in the data in Figure 2, d The composition dependence corresponds to the standard error specified in Table 2, and is measured for most of the glass. RT The error was within the range of ±0.20 units.

[0081] Figure 3 shows the measured refraction (n) of glass from several literatures ("Comparative Glasses") and some illustrative glass ("Example Glasses"). d -1) / d RT The parameter P calculated by equation (III) as a function of ref This is a plot of the parameter P. As shown in the data in Figure 3, ref The composition dependence corresponds to the standard error specified in Table 2, which is the measured refraction (n) for most glass. d -1) / d RT The error was within the range of ±0.0049 units.

[0082] Table 3 identifies combinations of components and their respective amounts according to several embodiments of the present disclosure. Exemplary glass A in Table 3 may contain additional components according to any embodiment of the present disclosure, as described herein.

[0083] [Table 3]

[0084] The example glass A in the embodiments of this disclosure has a viscosity of 4.5 g / cm³. 3 The density d at room temperature is as follows: RT They may have it.

[0085] According to some embodiments of this disclosure, the exemplary glass A has a refractive index n of 1.82 or higher. d They may also possess it.

[0086] According to some embodiments of this disclosure, the exemplary glass A is given by the following formula: n d -(1.61+0.089 * d RT )>0.00 It may also satisfy the condition, in the formula, n d This is the refractive index at 587.56 nm, and d RT g / cm³ 3 This is the density at room temperature, expressed in units of .

[0087] Table 4 identifies combinations of components and their respective amounts according to several embodiments of the present disclosure. The example glass B in Table 4 may contain additional components according to any embodiment of the present disclosure, as described herein.

[0088] [Table 4]

[0089] The example glass B in some embodiments of this disclosure is subject to the following conditions: TiO2+Nb2O5+WO3+Bi2O3+GeO2+TeO2+0.5 * Li2O [mol%] ≥ 35 The following conditions may be met, and in the formula, the chemical formula refers to the amount of the component in the glass, expressed in mol%.

[0090] According to some embodiments of this disclosure, the exemplary glass B is given by the following formula: (n d -1) / d RT -(0.191+0.00123 * (TiO2 + Nb2O5))>0.00 It may also satisfy the condition, in the formula, (n d -1) / d RT is the refractive index to density ratio ("refractive index"), TiO2 refers to the concentration of TiO2 expressed in mol%, and Nb2O5 refers to the concentration of Nb2O5 expressed in mol%, and d RT g / cm³ 3 This is the density at room temperature, expressed in units of . [Examples]

[0091] The following examples illustrate various features and advantages provided by this disclosure and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention or any accompanying claims.

[0092] To prepare glass samples of some of the exemplary glasses of this disclosure, approximately 15 grams of each sample (with a target species content of over 99.99% by mass) was melted from batch raw materials in a platinum or platinum-rhodium crucible (Pt:Rh=80:20) at a temperature of approximately 1300°C for 1 hour. Two controlled cooling conditions were applied. Under the first condition (referred to as the "15-minute test" or "15-minute devitrification test"), the sample was left in the furnace after melting, the furnace was switched off, and the sample was allowed to cool slowly in air. Under these conditions, it took approximately 15 minutes for the sample to cool from 1100°C to 500°C. Under the second condition (referred to as the "2.5-minute test" or "2.5-minute devitrification test"), the furnace was switched off, the sample was removed from the furnace at a temperature of 1100°C, and allowed to cool in air at room temperature. Under these conditions, it takes approximately 2.5 minutes for the sample to cool from 1100°C to 500°C. Temperature readings were obtained by directly reading the furnace temperature or by using the IR camera readings in a conversion table. The first condition (15-minute test) roughly corresponds to a cooling rate of 300°C / min at a temperature of 1000°C, and the second test roughly corresponds to a cooling rate of 600°C / min at 1000°C (the cooling rate reached its maximum value near this temperature). At lower temperatures, the cooling rate also decreases significantly. Typical schedules for the first and second cooling methods are shown in Figure 4. For this sample, observations referred to as the "15-minute devitrification test" and the "2.5-minute devitrification test" are specified in Table 5 below; observation "1" is used to indicate that the glass composition has passed the devitrification test for indication (the composition is considered to have passed the devitrification test for indication if the volume fraction of the glassy portion of the sample is greater than the volume fraction of the crystals). The observation "0" is used to indicate that the volume fraction of the crystal is greater than the volume fraction of the glassy portion.

[0093] Unless otherwise specified, to prepare other glass samples relating to the illustrative glasses of this disclosure, 1-kilogram batches were prepared in a pure platinum crucible. The crucible was placed in a furnace set to a temperature of 1250°C, then the furnace temperature was increased to 1300°C and held at 1300°C for 2 hours. Next, the furnace temperature was reduced to 1250°C and the glass was equilibrated at this temperature for 1 hour, after which it was poured onto a steel table and subsequently cooled slowly at Tg for 1 hour. For some compositions, the temperature and time were slightly adjusted to ensure complete melting. For example, for some compositions, melting temperatures of 1350°C or 1400°C and / or holding times of up to 4 hours were used.

[0094] Several test melts were also melted in a 1-liter platinum crucible heated by the Joule effect. Approximately 3700g of raw materials were used in this process. The crucible was filled at 1250°C in 1.5 hours. Next, the temperature was raised to 1300°C and held for 1 hour. During this process, the glass was continuously stirred at 60 rpm. Then, the temperature was reduced to 1200°C, where it was equilibrated for 30 minutes, and the stirring speed was reduced to 20 rpm. The feed tube was heated to 1225°C, and the glass was poured onto a cooled graphite table. The glass was formed into rods approximately 25 mm thick, 50 mm wide, and 90 cm long. The prepared rods were examined under an optical microscope to check for crystallization. None of the rods contained crystals. The glass quality observed under an optical microscope was good, with no striations or bubbles in the rods. For rough annealing, the glass was placed in an annealing furnace at Tg for one hour. Next, the rod was slowly cooled in a stationary furnace at Tg for one hour, and then the temperature was reduced at 1°C / min.

[0095] Chemical analysis was not performed on the test samples. This is because similar samples prepared by independent melting were chemically analyzed using XRF (X-ray fluorescence - for all oxides except B2O3 and Li2O), ICP (inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry - for B2O3), and FES (flame emission spectrometry - for Li2O). These analyses yielded deviations from the batch formulation composition of less than ±2.0 mass% for major components such as Nb2O5, which are similarly present in amounts of less than approximately 1 mol%.

[0096] In Tables 5 and 6, n 632.8nm and n 531.9nm These refer to the refractive indices at wavelengths of 632.8 nm and 531.9 nm, respectively. x This refers to the temperature at which crystallization begins.

[0097] [Table 5-1]

[0098] [Table 5-2]

[0099] [Table 5-3]

[0100] [Table 5-4]

[0101] [Table 5-5]

[0102] [Table 5-6]

[0103] Table 5-7

[0104] Table 5-8

[0105] Table 5-9

[0106] Table 5-10

[0107] Table 5-11

[0108] Table 5-12

[0109] Table 5-13

[0110] Table 5-14

[0111] Table 5-15

[0112] Table 5-16

[0113] Table 5-17

[0114] Table 5-18

[0115] Table 5-19

[0116] Table 5-20

[0117] Table 5-21

[0118] Table 5-22

[0119] Table 5-23

[0120] Table 5-24

[0121] Table 5-25

[0122] Table 5-26

[0123] Table 5-27

[0124] Table 6 below lists the glass compositions and properties for Comparative Glasses 1 to 27.

[0125]

Table 6-1

[0126]

Table 6-2

[0127]

Table 6-3

[0128]

Table 6-4

[0129] The references for each of the comparative glasses listed in Table 6 are as follows: [1] JP 2010-083701 (HOYA Corporation); [2] JP 08-104537 (HOYA Corporation); [3] U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2020 / 131076 (Ohara Corporation); [4] U.S. Patent No. 7501366B2 (SCHOTT AG); [5] U.S. Patent No. 7531474B2 (HOYA Corporation); [6] U.S. Patent No. 7603876B2 (HOYA Corporation); [7] U.S. Patent No. 8835334B2 (Nippon Electric Glass Co., Ltd.); [8] U.S. Patent No. 9828280B2 (HOYA Corporation); [9] U.S. Patent No. 9834465 (HOYA Corporation);

[10] International Publication No. 2020 / 006770A1 (SCHOTT GLASS TECHNOLOGIES SUZHOU CO LTD);

[11] U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2019 / 063958A1 (CORNING);

[12] U.S. Patent No. 8716157B2 (HOYA Corporation);

[13] International Publication No. 2019 / 151404A1 (HOYA Corporation).

[0130] Figure 5 shows the density parameter P for some of the example glasses and some of the comparison glasses. d and refractive index parameter P n This plot shows the relationship between and . The example glasses (black circles) are examples 1 to 19, 21 to 29, 31 to 137, 178 to 192 and 205 to 209 from Table 5. The comparison glasses (white circles) are examples C1 to C10 from Table 6. Density d RT Predicting density parameter P d The refractive index n was determined according to equation (II). d Predicting the refractive index parameter P nThis was determined according to formula (I). All of the example glasses and comparative glasses shown in Figure 5 have the characteristics specified in Table 7. In Table 7, the specification "not limited" refers to limitations that were not considered when selecting the composition. In Figure 5, some of the compositions listed above are numbered for clarity, others are not, and some additional glasses are not shown, which does not affect further conclusions.

[0131] [Table 7]

[0132] The comparative glasses listed above are among the known glasses having the characteristics specified in Table 7, and the density parameter P d For similar values, the best refractive index parameter P n I chose it as a thumbnail.

[0133] The equation y = 1.61 + 0.089 is shown in Figure 5. * The lines corresponding to x provide a visual representation of the difference between the comparative glass having the features specified in Table 7 and the exemplary glasses 1 to 19, 21 to 29, 31 to 137, 178 to 192 and 205 to 209 of this disclosure. As can be seen from Figure 5, the exemplary glass shown in Figure 5 (black circle) has y as the refractive index parameter P n Corresponding to x, where x is the density parameter P d The corresponding line is y = 1.61 + 0.089 * It is above x, and none of the comparison glasses (white circles) shown in Figure 5 are above it. In other words, some of the example glasses shown in Figure 5 are given by the following equation (IV)(a): P n -(1.61+0.089 * P d )>0.00 (IV)(a) The condition is satisfied, and none of the comparative glasses shown in Figure 5 satisfy this equation.

[0134] Furthermore, as can be seen from Figure 5, some of the example glasses shown in Figure 5 have a refractive index parameter P. n Corresponding to x, where x is the density parameter P d The corresponding line is y = 1.63 + 0.089 * It is above x, and none of the comparison glasses shown in Figure 5 are above it. In other words, some of the example glasses shown in Figure 5 are given by the following equation (IV)(b): P n -(1.63+0.089 * P d )>0.00 (IV)(b) The condition is satisfied, and none of the comparative glasses shown in Figure 5 satisfy this equation.

[0135] This means that, under the conditions specified in Table 7 above, some of the example glasses are P better than the best of the comparative glasses that meet the same conditions. d For similar values, P n This means that it has a higher value of . In other words, these example glasses, by prediction, have a higher density d among the glasses. RT Similar values ​​to, refractive index n d Having a higher value, that is, they are predicted to have a higher value than known comparative glass having the characteristics identified in Table 7. RT and n d It excels in terms of the combination.

[0136] Figure 6 shows the density d of some example glasses and some comparison glasses. RT and refractive index n d This plot shows the relationship between the two. The exemplary glasses (black circles) are examples 11, 27, 29, 32, 58, 59, 63 and 178-180 from Table 5. The comparative glasses (white circles) are examples C8 and C11-C19 from Table 6. All of the exemplary and comparative glasses shown in Figure 6 have the characteristics identified in Table 7. In Figure 6, some of the compositions listed above are numbered for clarity, some others are not, and some additional glasses are not shown, which does not affect further conclusions.

[0137] The comparative glass listed above in Figure 6 is among the known glass having the characteristics specified in Table 7, with density d RT Similar values ​​to, refractive index n d It was selected as having the best measurement.

[0138] The equation y = 1.61 + 0.089 is shown in Figure 6. * The lines corresponding to x provide a visual representation of the difference between the comparative glass having the features specified in Table 7 and the exemplary glasses 11, 27, 29, 32, 58, 59, 63 and 178 to 180 according to this disclosure. As can be seen from Figure 6, the exemplary glass shown in Figure 6 (black circle) has y as the refractive index parameter n d Corresponding to x is d RT The corresponding line is y = 1.61 + 0.089 * It is above x, and none of the comparison glasses (white circles) shown in Figure 6 are above it. In other words, some of the example glasses shown in Figure 6 are given by the following equation (V)(a): n d -(1.61+0.089 * d RT )>0.00 (V)(a) The condition is satisfied, and none of the comparative glasses shown in Figure 6 satisfy this equation.

[0139] Furthermore, as can be seen from Figure 6, some of the example glass shown in Figure 6 above have y = n d Corresponding to x is d RT The corresponding line is y = 1.63 + 0.089 * It is above x, and none of the comparative glasses shown in Figure 6 are above it. In other words, some of the example glasses shown in Figure 6 are given by the following equation (V)(b): n d -(1.63+0.089 * d RT )>0.00 (V)(b) The condition is satisfied, and none of the comparative glasses shown in Figure 6 satisfy this equation.

[0140] This means that, under the conditions specified in Table 7 above, some of the example glasses have a higher density d than the best of the comparative glasses that meet the same conditions. RT Similar measurements of refractive index n d This means that these example glasses have higher measurements than other glasses. RT n with similar values d Having a higher value, i.e., those example glasses, by measurement, have a higher value than the best known comparative glass having the characteristics specified in Table 7. RT and n d This can be interpreted as being superior in terms of combinations.

[0141] Table 7 shows all the attributes identified, and the values ​​of formulas (IV)(a), (IV)(b), (V)(a), and (V)(b) for comparative glasses C1 to C19 plotted in Figures 5 and 6 are shown in Table 8 below. All the compositions of the comparative glasses are shown in Table 6. All the compositions of the illustrative glasses of this disclosure and the attributes described above are shown in Table 5.

[0142] [Table 8-1]

[0143] [Table 8-2]

[0144] [Table 8-3]

[0145] As shown in Figures 5 and 6, both the predicted and measured property data indicate that some of the exemplary glasses of this disclosure have better density d than the best of the comparative glasses having the characteristics identified in Table 7. RT and refractive index n d It is confirmed that it has the following combination.

[0146] Figure 7 shows the total TiO2+Nb2O5 and refractive parameter P for some of the example glasses and some of the comparison glasses. ref This plot shows the relationship between the two. The example glasses (black circles) are examples 1, 5 to 9, 12, 14 to 16, 18, 20, 23, 25, 26, 28, 30, 31, 33, 53 to 59, 117, 118, 132 to 138, 142 to 161, 163 to 165, 167 to 180, 193 to 204, and 210 from Table 5. The comparison glasses (white circles) are examples C3, C4, C10, C13, and C20 to C25 from Table 6. Refraction parameter P predicts refraction. ref This was determined according to formula (III). All of the example glasses and comparative glasses shown in Figure 7 have the characteristics specified in Table 9. In Table 9, the specification "not limited" refers to limitations that were not considered when selecting the composition. In Figure 7, some of the compositions listed above are numbered for clarity, others are not, and some additional glasses are not shown, which does not affect further conclusions.

[0147] [Table 9]

[0148] The comparative glasses listed above, among known glasses having the characteristics identified in Table 9, have the highest refractive parameter P with a similar total value of TiO2 + Nb2O5. ref I chose it as a thumbnail.

[0149] The equation y = 0.191 + 0.00123 is shown in Figure 7. * The lines corresponding to x provide a visual representation of the difference between a comparative glass having the features specified in Table 9 and the exemplary glasses 1, 5 to 9, 12, 14 to 16, 18, 20, 23, 25, 26, 28, 30, 31, 33, 53 to 59, 117, 118, 132 to 138, 142 to 161, 163 to 165, 167 to 180, 193 to 204 and 210 of the disclosure. As can be seen from Figure 7, the exemplary glass shown in Figure 7 (black circle) has y as the refractive parameter Pref Corresponding to the line y = 0.191 + 0.00123, where x corresponds to the sum of TiO2 + Nb2O5. * It is above x, and none of the comparison glasses (white circles) shown in Figure 7 are above it. In other words, some of the example glasses shown in Figure 7 are given by the following equation (VI)(a): P ref -(0.191+0.00123 * (TiO2 + Nb2O5))>0.00 (VI)(a) The condition is satisfied, and none of the comparative glasses shown in Figure 7 satisfy this equation.

[0150] Furthermore, as can be seen from Figure 7, some of the example glasses shown in Figure 7 have a refractive parameter P. ref Corresponding to the line y = 0.195 + 0.00123, where x corresponds to the sum of TiO2 + Nb2O5. * It is above x, and none of the comparative glasses shown in Figure 7 are above it. In other words, some of the example glasses shown in Figure 7 are given by the following equation (VI)(b): P ref -(0.195+0.00123 * (TiO2 + Nb2O5))>0.00 (VI)(b) The condition is satisfied, and none of the comparative glasses shown in Figure 7 satisfy this equation.

[0151] This means that, under the conditions specified in Table 9 above, some of the exemplary glasses of this disclosure have a similar value of total TiO2+Nb2O5 than the best comparative glass that satisfies the same conditions, P ref This means that it has a higher value than. In other words, these example glasses, by prediction, have a similar value in the sum of TiO2 + Nb2O5 among the glasses, and the refractive index ((n d -1) / d RT They have a higher value of ) which, by prediction, among known comparative glasses having the characteristics identified in Table 9, the total value of TiO2 + Nb2O5 and the refractive index ((n d -1) / d RT It is superior in terms of the combination of ).

[0152] Figure 8 shows the total TiO2 + Nb2O5 and refraction ((n d -1) / d RT This is a plot showing the relationship between ). The example glasses (black circles) are examples 29, 144 to 146, 148, 150, 152, 158, 160, 179, 180, 194 to 198 and 210 from Table 5. The comparative glasses (white circles) are examples C8, C13, C16, C18 and C25 to C27 from Table 6. All of the example glasses and comparative glasses shown in Figure 8 have the characteristics identified in Table 9. In Figure 8, some of the compositions listed above are numbered for clarity, some others are not, and some additional glasses are not shown, which does not affect further conclusions.

[0153] The comparative glasses listed above are among the known glasses with the characteristics specified in Table 9, and have similar values ​​for the total of TiO2 + Nb2O5, and their refractive index ((n d -1) / d RT It was selected as having the best measurement value.

[0154] The equation y = 0.191 + 0.00123 is shown in Figure 8. * The lines corresponding to x provide a visual representation of the difference between the comparative glass having the features specified in Table 9 and the exemplary glasses 29, 144 to 146, 148, 150, 152, 158, 160, 179, 180, 194 to 198 and 210 of the present disclosure. As can be seen from Figure 8, the exemplary glass shown above (black circle) in Figure 8 has a refraction of y ((n d -1) / d RT ) corresponds to the line y = 0.191 + 0.00123, where x corresponds to the sum of TiO2 + Nb2O5. * It is above x, and none of the comparison glasses (white circles) shown in Figure 8 are above it. In other words, some of the example glasses shown in Figure 8 are given by the following equation (VII)(a): (n d -1) / d RT -(0.191+0.00123 *(TiO2 + Nb2O5))>0.00 (VII)(a) The condition is satisfied, and none of the comparative glasses shown in Figure 8 satisfy this equation.

[0155] Furthermore, as can be seen from Figure 8, some of the example glass shown in Figure 8 above have a refraction of y ((n d -1) / d RT ) corresponds to the line y = 0.195 + 0.00123, where x corresponds to the sum of TiO2 + Nb2O5. * It is above x, and none of the comparison glasses shown in Figure 8 are above it. In other words, some of the example glasses shown in Figure 8 are given by the following equation (VII)(b): (n d -1) / d RT -(0.195+0.00123 * (TiO2 + Nb2O5))>0.00 (VII)(b) The condition is satisfied, and none of the comparative glasses shown in Figure 8 satisfy this equation.

[0156] This means that, under the conditions specified in Table 9 above, some of the example glasses have a similar measurement of total TiO2+Nb2O5 and a higher refractive index ((n d -1) / d RT This means that these example glasses have a higher measured value of ((n d -1) / d RT Having a higher value of ) i.e., those example glasses, by measurement, have TiO2+Nb2O5 and refractive index ((n) compared to the best known comparative glass having the characteristics specified in Table 9. d -1) / d RT This can be interpreted as being superior in terms of the combination of )

[0157] Table 9 shows all the attributes identified and the values ​​of formulas (VI)(a), (VI)(b), (VII)(a), and (VII)(b) for comparative glasses C3, C4, C8, C10, C13, C16, C18, and C20 through C27 plotted in Figures 7 and 8, as shown in Table 10 below. All the compositions of the comparative glasses are shown in Table 6. All the compositions of the illustrative glasses of this disclosure and the attributes described above are shown in Table 5.

[0158] [Table 10-1]

[0159] [Table 10-2]

[0160] As shown in Figures 7 and 8, from both the predicted and measured property data, some example glasses have better refractive index ((n) than the best of the comparative glasses with the characteristics identified in Table 9. d -1) / d RT It is confirmed that it has the total combination of ) and TiO2 + Nb2O5.

[0161] The following non-limiting aspects are included in this disclosure. Any one feature of the first through forty aspects may be combined in part or in whole with one or more features of the other aspects of this disclosure to form an additional aspect to an extent not already described, even if such combination is not expressly described.

[0162] According to the first embodiment, the glass contains multiple components, the glass being 19.0 mol% to 27.0 mol% of P2O5, 7.5 mol% or more of BaO, 1.0 mol% to 35.0 mol% of K2O, 0.0 mol% to 70.0 mol% of Nb2O5, 0.0 mol% to 50.0 mol% of TiO2, 0.0 mol% to 35.0 mol% of CaO, 0.0 mol% to 15.0 mol% of MgO, 0.0 mol% to 10.0 mol% of Al2O3, 0. The composition of the components includes 0 mol% or more and 1.0 mol% or less of V2O5, the total of TeO2 + SnO2 + SnO is 0.0 mol% or more and 20.0 mol% or less, and the total of SiO2 + GeO2 is 0.0 mol% or more and 15.0 mol% or less, and may optionally contain one or more components selected from B2O3, Bi2O3, CdO, Cs2O, La2O3, Li2O, MoO3, Na2O, PbO, SrO, Ta2O5, WO3, ZrO2, Ga2O3, and ZnO, and the condition: P n -(1.61+0.089 * P d ) > 0.00, and in the formula, P n Equation (I):

[0163]

number

[0164] The refractive index parameter is calculated from the glass composition in units of mole percent of the components, and P d Equation (II):

[0165]

number

[0166] This is a density parameter calculated from the glass composition in units of mole percent of the components, and in the formula, the symbol " * " means multiplication.

[0167] In the second embodiment, the glass is under the condition: n d-(1.61+0.089 * d RT ) > 0.00, and in the formula, n d This is the refractive index at 587.56 nm, and d RT [g / cm 3 A glass of the first embodiment, where ] is the density at room temperature.

[0168] In the third aspect, the glass is, condition: n d -(1.63+0.089 * d RT ) > 0.00, and in the formula, n d This is the refractive index at 587.56 nm, and d RT [g / cm 3 ] is the density at room temperature, one of the glasses in any of embodiments 1 to 2.

[0169] In the fourth aspect, the glass is subject to condition P n -(1.63+0.089 * P d One of the glasses from embodiments 1 to 3 that satisfies )>0.00.

[0170] In the fifth embodiment, the glass is 4.5 g / cm³ 3 The density d at room temperature is as follows: RT A glass having any one of embodiments 1 to 4.

[0171] According to the sixth aspect, the glass is subject to condition P d <4.5g / cm 3 A glass that satisfies any one of the embodiments 1 to 5.

[0172] According to the seventh aspect, the glass has a refractive index n of 1.82 or higher at 587.56 nm. d A glass having any one of embodiments 1 to 6.

[0173] According to the eighth aspect, the glass is under the condition: P n One of the glass types from embodiments 1 to 7 that satisfies >1.82.

[0174] According to the ninth aspect, the glass is under the condition: P d<4.2g / cm 3 A glass that satisfies any one of embodiments 1 to 8.

[0175] According to the tenth embodiment, the glass has a density d at room temperature of 4.2 or less. RT A glass having any one of embodiments 1 to 9.

[0176] Density d at room temperature according to the 11th embodiment RT However, the glass of the tenth embodiment is 3.8 or less.

[0177] According to the 12th aspect, the glass is under the condition: P n One of the glass objects from embodiments 1 to 11 that satisfies >1.8.

[0178] According to the 13th embodiment, the glass has a refractive index n of 1.8 or higher at 587.56 nm. d A glass having any one of embodiments 1 to 12.

[0179] Refractive index n at 587.56 nm according to the 14th aspect d However, a glass of the 13th type, wherein the ratio is 1.95 or higher.

[0180] According to the 15th aspect, the glass is under the condition: P ref >0.24cm 3 One of the glasses from embodiments 1 to 14 that satisfies / g.

[0181] According to the 16th embodiment, the glass is 0.24 cm 3 Refraction (n) greater than or equal to / g d -1) / d RT A glass having any one of embodiments 1 to 15.

[0182] Refraction (n) according to the 17th aspect d -1) / d RT However, 0.25cm 3 Glass of the 16th embodiment, having a weight of / g or more.

[0183] According to the 18th embodiment, the composition of the components is: P2O5 in an amount of 20.0 mol% or more and 26.0 mol% or less, Nb2O5 in an amount of 10.0 mol% or more and 40.0 mol% or less, BaO in an amount of 7.5 mol% or more and 20.0 mol% or less, K2O in an amount of 1.0 mol% or more and 15.0 mol% or less, TiO2 in an amount of 0.3 mol% or more and 40.0 mol% or less, CaO in an amount of 0.0 mol% or more and 20.0 mol% or less, and 15 A glass according to any one of embodiments 1 to 17, comprising 0.0 mol% or less of Na2O, 0.0 mol% or more and 10.0 mol% or less of Li2O, 0.0 mol% or more and 10.0 mol% or less of SrO, 0.0 mol% or more and 5.0 mol% or less of Bi2O3, 0.0 mol% or more and 5.0 mol% or less of WO3, 0.0 mol% or more and 5.0 mol% or less of ZnO, and 0.0 mol% or more and 3.0 mol% or less of MgO.

[0184] According to the 19th embodiment, the composition of the components is: P2O5 in an amount of 21.7 mol% or more and 24.7 mol% or less, Nb2O5 in an amount of 21.0 mol% or more and 40.0 mol% or less, TiO2 in an amount of 8.0 mol% or more and 33.0 mol% or less, BaO in an amount of 7.5 mol% or more and 17.0 mol% or less, K2O in an amount of 2.0 mol% or more and 13.5 mol% or less, CaO in an amount of 0.0 mol% or more and 1 A glass according to any one of embodiments 1 to 18, comprising 0.5 mol% or less of Na2O, 0.0 mol% or more and 7.5 mol% or less of SrO, 0.0 mol% or more and 6.0 mol% or less of Li2O, 0.0 mol% or more and 4.6 mol% or less of Bi2O3, 0.0 mol% or more and 4.6 mol% or less of WO3, 0.0 mol% or more and 4.6 mol% or less of ZnO, and 0.0 mol% or more and 2.5 mol% or less of MgO.

[0185] According to the 20th embodiment, the composition of the components is: Nb2O5 in an amount of 23.5 mol% or more and 37.0 mol% or less, P2O5 in an amount of 22.1 mol% or more and 24.3 mol% or less, TiO2 in an amount of 11.0 mol% or more and 30.0 mol% or less, BaO in an amount of 7.5 mol% or more and 15.5 mol% or less, K2O in an amount of 3.5 mol% or more and 12.5 mol% or less, CaO in an amount of 0.0 mol% or more and A glass according to any one of embodiments 1 to 19, comprising 9.5 mol% or less of Na2O, 0.0 mol% or more and 6.5 mol% or less of SrO, 0 mol% or more and 5.25 mol% or less of Li2O, 0.0 mol% or more and 4.0 mol% or less of Bi2O3, 0.0 mol% or more and 4.0 mol% or less of WO3, 0.0 mol% or more and 4.0 mol% or less of ZnO, and 0.0 mol% or more and 2.3 mol% or less of MgO.

[0186] A glass according to the 21st embodiment, which does not crystallize when cooled in air from 1100°C to 500°C in 2.5 minutes, one of any of embodiments 1 to 20.

[0187] A glass according to any one of embodiments 1 to 21, wherein, when having a thickness of 10 mm, the glass can be discolored within 24 hours at a temperature of 700°C or less, as described in the 22nd embodiment.

[0188] A method for manufacturing an optical element according to the 23rd aspect, comprising the step of processing one of the glass materials according to aspects 1 to 22.

[0189] An optical element made from one of the glass types described in embodiments 1 to 22, according to the 24th embodiment.

[0190] The glass according to the 25th embodiment contains multiple components, the glass being 21.5 mol% to 27.5 mol% of P2O5, 6.0 mol% or more of BaO, 1.0 mol% or more of K2O, 0.0 mol% to 20.0 mol% of TeO2, 0.0 mol% to 10.0 mol% of B2O3, 0.0 mol% to 7.0 mol% of ZnO, 0.0 mol% to 2.0 mol% of Li2O, 0.0 mol% to 1.5 mol% of GeO2, 0.0 mol% to 1.0 mol% of V2O5, The composition of the components includes 0.0 mol% or more and 30.0 mol% or less of R2O, and the total of TiO2 + Nb2O5 is 1.0 mol% or more and 55.0 mol% or less, and may optionally contain one or more components selected from WO3, Bi2O3, Na2O, CaO, SrO, MgO, Ta2O5, SiO2, ZrO2, PbO, Tl2O, Ag2O, Cu2O, CuO, As2O3, and Sb2O3, and the composition of the components is as follows: Condition: TiO2 + Nb2O5 + WO3 + Bi2O3 + GeO2 + TeO2 + 0.5 * Li2O [mol%] ≥ 35, and the glass satisfies condition: P ref -(0.191+0.00123 * (TiO2 + Nb2O5))>0.00 satisfies, and in the formula, P ref Equation (III):

[0191]

number

[0192] This is a refractive parameter calculated from the glass composition in units of mole percent of the components, where R2O is the total amount of monovalent metal oxides, and TiO2+Nb2O5 is the sum of TiO2 and Nb2O5 in the composition expressed in mole percent, and the symbol is " * " means multiplication.

[0193] According to the 26th aspect, the glass is under the condition: (n d -1) / d RT -(0.191+0.00123 * (TiO2+Nb2O5))>0.00 satisfies n dThis is the refractive index at 587.56 nm, and d RT A 25th embodiment of glass, where is the density of the glass at room temperature.

[0194] According to the 27th aspect, the glass is subject to the condition: (n d -1) / d RT -(0.195+0.00123 * (TiO2+Nb2O5))>0.00 satisfies n d This is the refractive index at 587.56 nm, and d RT The density of the glass at room temperature is one of the glasses described in embodiments 25 to 26.

[0195] According to the 28th aspect, the glass is subject to condition P ref -(0.195+0.00123 * A glass that satisfies (TiO2 + Nb2O5) > 0.00, one of any of embodiments 25 to 27.

[0196] According to the 29th aspect, the glass is subject to condition P d <4.2g / cm 3 A glass that satisfies any one of embodiments 25 to 28.

[0197] According to the 30th embodiment, the glass is 4.2 g / cm³ 3 The density d at room temperature is as follows: RT A glass having any one of embodiments 25 to 29.

[0198] Density d at room temperature according to the 31st aspect RT However, 3.8 g / cm³ 3 The following is a 30th embodiment of glass.

[0199] According to the 32nd aspect, the glass is under the condition: P n One of the glass objects from embodiments 25 to 31 that satisfies >1.8.

[0200] According to the 33rd embodiment, the glass has a refractive index n of 1.8 or higher at 587.56 nm. d A glass having any one of embodiments 25 to 32.

[0201] Refractive index n at 587.56 nm according to the 34th aspect d However, the glass of the 33rd embodiment is 1.95 or higher.

[0202] According to the 35th aspect, the glass is under the condition: P ref >0.24cm 3 One of the glasses from embodiments 25 to 34 that satisfies / g.

[0203] According to the 36th embodiment, the glass is 0.24 cm 3 Refraction (n) greater than or equal to / g d -1) / d RT It has n d This is the refractive index of glass at 587.56 nm, and d RT The density of the glass at room temperature is one of the glass types from embodiments 25 to 35.

[0204] Refraction (n) according to the 37th aspect d -1) / d RT However, 0.25cm 3 Glass of the 36th embodiment, having a weight of / g or more.

[0205] A glass according to any one of embodiments 25 to 37, wherein the composition of the components is 21.5 mol% or more and 26.0 mol% or less of P2O5, 10.0 mol% or more and 40.0 mol% or less of Nb2O5, 6.0 mol% or more and 20.0 mol% or less of BaO, 1.0 mol% or more and 15.0 mol% or less of K2O, 0.3 mol% or more and 40.0 mol% or less of TiO2, 0.0 mol% or more and 20.0 mol% or less of CaO, 0.0 mol% or more and 15.0 mol% or less of Na2O, 0.0 mol% or more and 10.0 mol% or less of SrO, 0.0 mol% or more and 5.0 mol% or less of Bi2O3, 0.0 mol% or more and 5.0 mol% or less of WO3, 0.0 mol% or more and 5.0 mol% or less of ZnO, and 0.0 mol% or more and 3.0 mol% or less of MgO.

[0206] A glass according to the 39th embodiment, comprising any one of embodiments 25 to 38, wherein the composition of the components includes 21.7 mol% to 24.7 mol% of P2O5, 21.0 mol% to 40.0 mol% of Nb2O5, 8.0 mol% to 33.0 mol% of TiO2, 6.0 mol% to 17.0 mol% of BaO, 2.0 mol% to 13.5 mol% of K2O, 0.0 mol% to 14.5 mol% of CaO, 0.0 mol% to 10.5 mol% of Na2O, 0.0 mol% to 7.5 mol% of SrO, 0.0 mol% to 4.6 mol% of Bi2O3, 0.0 mol% to 4.6 mol% of WO3, 0.0 mol% to 4.6 mol% of ZnO, and 0.0 mol% to 2.5 mol% of MgO.

[0207] A glass according to any one of embodiments 25 to 39, wherein the composition of the components includes 23.5 mol% to 37.0 mol% of Nb2O5, 22.1 mol% to 24.3 mol% of P2O5, 11.0 mol% to 30.0 mol% of TiO2, 6.5 mol% to 15.5 mol% of BaO, 3.5 mol% to 12.5 mol% of K2O, 0.0 mol% to 13.0 mol% of CaO, 0.0 mol% to 9.5 mol% of Na2O, 0.0 mol% to 6.5 mol% of SrO, 0.0 mol% to 4.0 mol% of Bi2O3, 0.0 mol% to 4.0 mol% of WO3, 0.0 mol% to 4.0 mol% of ZnO, and 0.0 mol% to 2.3 mol% of MgO.

[0208] A glass according to the 41st embodiment, which does not crystallize when cooled in air from 1100°C to 500°C in 2.5 minutes, one of any of embodiments 25 to 40.

[0209] A glass according to any one of embodiments 25 to 41, wherein, when having a thickness of 10 mm, the glass can be discolored within 24 hours at a temperature of 700°C or less, according to embodiment 42.

[0210] A method for manufacturing an optical element according to the 43rd aspect, comprising the step of processing one of the glass materials described in aspects 25 to 42.

[0211] An optical element made from one of the glass components of embodiments 25 to 42, according to the 44th embodiment.

[0212] Many modifications and alterations can be made to the embodiments described herein without substantially departing from the spirit and various principles of this disclosure. All such modifications and alterations are incorporated herein by reference within the scope of this disclosure and are intended to be protected by the following claims.

[0213] Different features of various aspects of this disclosure can be used in combination with each other as desired, to the extent not already described. The absence of certain features expressly illustrated or described with respect to each aspect of this disclosure is not intended to be construed as impossible, but is done for the sake of conciseness and clarity of explanation. Thus, different features of different aspects can be combined and adapted as necessary to form new aspects, whether or not new aspects are expressly disclosed.

[0214] Preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below in separate sections.

[0215] Embodiment 1 Glass containing multiple components, said glass is P2O5, 19.0 mol% or more and 27.0 mol% or less. 7.5 mol% or more of BaO, K2O in an amount of 1.0 mol% or more and 35.0 mol% or less, Nb2O5 in an amount of 0.0 mol% or more and 70.0 mol% or less. TiO2, 0.0 mol% or more and 50.0 mol% or less. CaO in an amount of 0.0 mol% or more and 35.0 mol% or less, MgO in an amount of 0.0 mol% or more and 15.0 mol% or less, Al2O3 in an amount of 0.0 mol% or more and 10.0 mol% or less. V2O5 between 0.0 mol% and 1.0 mol% Includes, The total amount of TeO2 + SnO2 + SnO is 0.0 mol% or more and 20.0 mol% or less. The total amount of SiO2 + GeO2 is 0.0 mol% or more and 15.0 mol% or less. It optionally contains one or more components selected from B2O3, Bi2O3, CdO, Cs2O, La2O3, Li2O, MoO3, Na2O, PbO, SrO, Ta2O5, WO3, ZrO2, Ga2O3, and ZnO. It has a composition of components, The aforementioned glass is subject to the following conditions: P n -(1.61+0.089 * P d )>0.00 The condition satisfies, and in the formula, P n Equation (I):

[0216]

number

[0217] This is a refractive index parameter calculated from the glass composition in units of mole percent of the aforementioned components, P d Equation (II):

[0218]

number

[0219] This is a density parameter calculated from the glass composition in units of mole percent of the aforementioned components, In the formula, the symbol " * " means multiplication, glass.

[0220] Embodiment 2 The aforementioned glass, under the conditions: P n -(1.63+0.089 * P d)>0.00 The glass according to Embodiment 1, which satisfies the requirements.

[0221] Embodiment 3 The aforementioned glass, under the conditions: P d <4.5g / cm 3 A glass according to Embodiment 1 or 2 that satisfies the requirements.

[0222] Embodiment 4 The aforementioned glass, Refractive index n at 587.56 nm with a value of 1.82 or higher d A glass according to any one of embodiments 1 to 3, having the following characteristics.

[0223] Embodiment 5 Density d at room temperature RT However, the glass according to any one of Embodiments 1 to 4, wherein the coefficient is 3.8 or less.

[0224] Embodiment 6 The aforementioned glass, under the conditions: P n >1.8 A glass according to any one of embodiments 1 to 5 that satisfies the following conditions.

[0225] Embodiment 7 The aforementioned glass, under the conditions: P ref >0.24cm 3 / g The condition satisfies, and in the formula, P ref Equation (III):

[0226]

number

[0227] The refractive parameter is calculated from the glass composition in units of mole percent of the aforementioned components, where R2O is the total amount of monovalent metal oxides, and TiO2+Nb2O5 is the sum of TiO2 and Nb2O5 in the aforementioned composition expressed in mole percent, and the symbol is "* " represents multiplication, as described in any one of Embodiments 1 to 6.

[0228] Embodiment 8 The composition of the aforementioned components is P2O5, 20.0 mol% or more and 26.0 mol% or less. Nb2O5 in an amount of 10.0 mol% or more and 40.0 mol% or less. BaO, 7.5 mol% or more and 20.0 mol% or less K2O in an amount of 1.0 mol% or more and 15.0 mol% or less, TiO2, 0.3 mol% or more and 40.0 mol% or less CaO in an amount of 0.0 mol% or more and 20.0 mol% or less, Na2O in an amount of 0.0 mol% or more and 15.0 mol% or less. Li2O in an amount of 0.0 mol% or more and 10.0 mol% or less, SrO, 0.0 mol% or more and 10.0 mol% or less Bi2O3 in an amount of 0.0 mol% or more and 5.0 mol% or less. WO3 of 0.0 mol% or more and 5.0 mol% or less, ZnO in an amount of 0.0 mol% or more and 5.0 mol% or less, and MgO in an amount of 0.0 mol% or more and 3.0 mol% or less, Glass according to any one of embodiments 1 to 7, including the glass described above.

[0229] Embodiment 9 The composition of the aforementioned components is Nb2O5 in an amount of 23.5 mol% or more and 37.0 mol% or less. P2O5 in an amount of 22.1 mol% or more and 24.3 mol% or less. TiO2 with a concentration of 11.0 mol% or more and 30.0 mol% or less. BaO in an amount of 7.5 mol% or more and 15.5 mol% or less, K2O in an amount of 3.5 mol% or more and 12.5 mol% or less, CaO in an amount of 0.0 mol% or more and 13.0 mol% or less, Na2O in an amount of 0.0 mol% or more and 9.5 mol% or less, SrO, 0.0 mol% or more and 6.5 mol% or less Li2O, 0 mol% or more and 5.25 mol% or less. Bi2O3 in an amount of 0.0 mol% or more and 4.0 mol% or less. WO3 of 0.0 mol% or more and 4.0 mol% or less, ZnO in an amount of 0.0 mol% or more and 4.0 mol% or less, and MgO in an amount of 0.0 mol% or more and 2.3 mol% or less, Glass according to any one of embodiments 1 to 8, including the glass described above.

[0230] Embodiment 10 The glass according to any one of Embodiments 1 to 9, wherein the glass does not crystallize when cooled in air from 1100°C to 500°C in 2.5 minutes.

[0231] Embodiment 11 Glass containing multiple components, said glass is P2O5, 21.5 mol% or more and 27.5 mol% or less. BaO of 6.0 mol% or more, 1.0 mol% or more of K2O, TeO2, 0.0 mol% or more and 20.0 mol% or less. B2O3 in an amount of 0.0 mol% or more and 10.0 mol% or less. ZnO in an amount of 0.0 mol% or more and 7.0 mol% or less, Li2O in an amount of 0.0 mol% or more and 2.0 mol% or less, GeO2 in an amount of 0.0 mol% or more and 1.5 mol% or less, V2O5 in an amount of 0.0 mol% or more and 1.0 mol% or less, R2O in an amount of 0.0 mol% or more and 30.0 mol% or less, Includes, The total amount of TiO2 + Nb2O5 is 1.0 mol% or more and 55.0 mol% or less. It optionally contains one or more components selected from WO3, Bi2O3, Na2O, CaO, SrO, MgO, Ta2O5, SiO2, ZrO2, PbO, Tl2O, Ag2O, Cu2O, CuO, As2O3, and Sb2O3. It has a composition of components, The composition of the component is, under the conditions: TiO2+Nb2O5+WO3+Bi2O3+GeO2+TeO2+0.5 * Li2O [mol%] ≥ 35 Satisfying the conditions, The aforementioned glass, under the conditions: P ref -(0.191+0.00123 * (TiO2 + Nb2O5))>0.00 The condition satisfies, and in the formula, P ref Equation (III):

[0232]

number

[0233] The refractive parameter is calculated from the glass composition in units of mole percent of the aforementioned components, where R2O is the total amount of monovalent metal oxides, and TiO2+Nb2O5 is the sum of TiO2 and Nb2O5 in the aforementioned composition expressed in mole percent, and the symbol is " * " means multiplication, glass.

[0234] Embodiment 12 The aforementioned glass, under the conditions: P ref -(0.195+0.00123 * (TiO2 + Nb2O5))>0.00 The glass according to embodiment 11, which satisfies the requirements.

[0235] Embodiment 13 The aforementioned glass, under the conditions: P d <4.2g / cm 3 A glass according to embodiment 11 or 12 that satisfies the requirements.

[0236] Embodiment 14 Density d at room temperature RT However, 3.8 g / cm³ 3 The glass according to any one of embodiments 11 to 13, which is as follows.

[0237] Embodiment 15 The aforementioned glass, under the conditions: P n >1.8 A glass according to any one of embodiments 11 to 14 that satisfies the following conditions.

[0238] Embodiment 16 The aforementioned glass, under the conditions: P ref >0.24cm 3 / g A glass according to any one of embodiments 11 to 15 that satisfies the following conditions.

[0239] Embodiment 17 The aforementioned glass, 0.24cm 3 Refraction (n) greater than or equal to / g d -1) / d RT It has, n d This is the refractive index of the glass at 587.56 nm. d RT The glass according to any one of embodiments 11 to 16, wherein is the density of the glass at room temperature.

[0240] Embodiment 18 The composition of the aforementioned components is P2O5, 21.5 mol% or more and 26.0 mol% or less. Nb2O5 in an amount of 10.0 mol% or more and 40.0 mol% or less. BaO, 6.0 mol% or more and 20.0 mol% or less K2O in an amount of 1.0 mol% or more and 15.0 mol% or less, TiO2, 0.3 mol% or more and 40.0 mol% or less CaO in an amount of 0.0 mol% or more and 20.0 mol% or less, Na2O in an amount of 0.0 mol% or more and 15.0 mol% or less. SrO, 0.0 mol% or more and 10.0 mol% or less Bi2O3 in an amount of 0.0 mol% or more and 5.0 mol% or less. WO3 of 0.0 mol% or more and 5.0 mol% or less, ZnO in an amount of 0.0 mol% or more and 5.0 mol% or less, and MgO in an amount of 0.0 mol% or more and 3.0 mol% or less, Glass according to any one of embodiments 11 to 17, including the glass described above.

[0241] Embodiment 19 The composition of the aforementioned components is P2O5, 21.7 mol% or more and 24.7 mol% or less. Nb2O5 in an amount of 21.0 mol% or more and 40.0 mol% or less. TiO2 with a concentration of 8.0 mol% or more and 33.0 mol% or less. BaO in an amount of 6.0 mol% or more and 17.0 mol% or less, K2O in an amount of 2.0 mol% or more and 13.5 mol% or less, CaO in an amount of 0.0 mol% or more and 14.5 mol% or less. Na2O in an amount of 0.0 mol% or more and 10.5 mol% or less, SrO, 0.0 mol% or more and 7.5 mol% or less Bi2O3 in an amount of 0.0 mol% or more and 4.6 mol% or less. WO3 of 0.0 mol% or more and 4.6 mol% or less, ZnO in an amount of 0.0 mol% or more and 4.6 mol% or less, and MgO in an amount of 0.0 mol% or more and 2.5 mol% or less, A glass according to any one of embodiments 11 to 18, including the glass described above.

[0242] Embodiment 20 The glass according to any one of embodiments 11 to 19, wherein the glass does not crystallize when cooled in air from 1100°C to 500°C in 2.5 minutes.

Claims

1. Glass containing multiple components, said glass is P 21.5 mol% or more and 27.5 mol% or less ２ O ５ , 6.0 mol% or more of BaO, K 1.0 mol% or more ２ O, TeO4 0.0 mol% or more and 20.0 mol% or less ２ , B is 0.0 mol% or more and 10.0 mol% or less. ２ O ３ , ZnO in an amount of 0.0 mol% or more and 7.0 mol% or less, Li 0.0 mol% or more and 2.0 mol% or less ２ O, GeO 0.0 mol% or more and 1.5 mol% or less ２ , V of 0.0 mol% or more and 1.0 mol% or less ２ O ５ , R is 0.0 mol% or more and 30.0 mol% or less. ２ O, Includes, TiO ２ +Nb ２ O ５ The total is 1.0 mol% or more and 55.0 mol% or less, WO ３ , Bi ２ O ３ Na ２ O, CaO, SrO, MgO, Ta ２ O ５ SiO ２ , ZrO ２ , PbO, Tl ２ O, Ag ２ O, Cu ２ O, CuO, As ２ O ３ and Sb ２ O ３ It contains one or more ingredients selected from as needed. It has a composition of components, The composition of the component is, under the conditions: TiO ２ +Nb ２ O ５ +WO ３ +Bi ２ O ３ +GeO ２ +TeO ２ +0.5 ＊ Li ２ 0 [mol%] ≥ 35 Satisfying the conditions, The aforementioned glass, under the conditions: P ｒｅｆ -(0.191+0.00123 ＊ (Tio) ２ +Nb ２ O ５ ))>0.00 The condition satisfies, and in the formula, P ｒｅｆ Equation (III): [Math 4] The refractive parameter is calculated from the glass composition in units of the mole percent of the aforementioned components, where R ２ O is the total amount of monovalent metal oxides, TiO ２ +Nb ２ O ５ This is the TiO in the composition expressed in mol%. ２ and Nb ２ O ５ It is the sum of the symbols " ＊ " means multiplication, glass.

2. The aforementioned glass, under the conditions: P ｄ <4.2g / cm ３ The glass according to claim 1, satisfying the requirements.

3. The aforementioned glass, under the conditions: P ｎ >1.8 A glass according to claim 1 or 2, satisfying the requirements.

4. The aforementioned glass, under the conditions: P ｒｅｆ >0.24cm ３ / g A glass according to any one of claims 1 to 3, which satisfies the following conditions.

5. The composition of the aforementioned components is P is between 21.5 mol% and 26.0 mol%. ２ O ５ , Nb 10.0 mol% or more and 40.0 mol% or less ２ O ５ , BaO in an amount of 6.0 mol% or more and 20.0 mol% or less, K is 1.0 mol% or more and 15.0 mol% or less ２ O, TiO2 0.3 mol% or more and 40.0 mol% or less ２ , CaO in an amount of 0.0 mol% or more and 20.0 mol% or less, Na 0.0 mol% or more and 15.0 mol% or less ２ O, SrO in an amount of 0.0 mol% or more and 10.0 mol% or less, Bi 0.0 mol% or more and 5.0 mol% or less ２ O ３ , WO 0.0 mol% or more and 5.0 mol% or less ３ , ZnO in an amount of 0.0 mol% or more and 5.0 mol% or less, and MgO in an amount of 0.0 mol% or more and 3.0 mol% or less, A glass according to any one of claims 1 to 4, including the following:

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