A novel channel-independent interleaver.

Abstract

In this invention, a novel method and system for channel independent interleaving is proposed.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] In this invention, a novel method and system for channel independent interleaving is proposed. [Background technology]

[0002] Rate-splitting multiple access (RSMA) has many advantages, but the broadcast nature of wireless networks makes them vulnerable to several security threats, including both internal and external types of eavesdropping.

[0003] RSMA separates data into a public and a private part, where the private part of the data is secure while the public part is vulnerable to internal and external eavesdroppers. In RSMA, private streams of data corresponding to different users are transmitted based on space division multiple access (SDMA) using a channel-based precoder, which provides inherent security against eavesdropping by internal and external eavesdroppers.

[0004] On the other hand, the common stream is constructed by concatenating all users' data and broadcast to all users, and SIC is applied to each user to extract its corresponding private stream. Therefore, it is vulnerable to both internal and external eavesdroppers.

[0005] Research into RSMA-assisted physical layer security is still in its early stages. Recently, some prior art literature has investigated RSMA-based two-user multiple input single output (MISO) secure communication by treating the common stream as both artificial noise (AN) to confuse eavesdroppers and useful data for legitimate users to improve their sum rate. A robust and secure resource allocation strategy was then provided to optimize user fairness.

[0006] Similarly, the cooperative rate-splitting (CRS) technique originally proposed in some prior art documents was further investigated in a MISO broadcast channel (BC) with an external single-antenna eavesdropper in some prior art documents, where the proposed CRS strategy considered legitimate users opportunistically relaying and forwarding their re-encoded common messages to serve as ANs to confuse eavesdroppers and as useful messages for other legitimate users. The precoder and time slot allocation strategies were then jointly optimized to maximize the secure sum rate. Furthermore, in some prior art documents, RSMA-based physical layer security was extended to simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) systems, and a robust beamforming design was proposed to maximize worst-case EE performance. With the assistance of ANs, RSMA-based secure beamforming and power allocation designs were investigated in some prior art documents to maximize the secure sum rate.

[0007] Although RSMA-supported physical layer security is based on channel-based adaptation and artificial noise-based optimization of the cipher rate and cipher capacity, there is no specific mechanism for providing security for both the public and private portions of users' data within RSMA. Some of the work in the literature has focused on providing security for the private portion of RSMA users' data, ignoring the security of the public portion of data.

[0008] Motivated by these studies, a novel method is proposed in this invention that can provide security for both the public and private parts by using the inherent features of the RSMA structure. Research into RSMA-assisted physical layer security is still in its early stages. Recently, some prior art documents have investigated RSMA-based two-user multiple-input single-output (MISO) secure communication by treating the common stream as both artificial noise (AN) to confuse eavesdroppers and useful data for legitimate users to improve their sum rate. A robust and secure resource allocation strategy was then provided to optimize user fairness.

[0009] Similarly, the cooperative rate sharing (CRS) technique originally proposed in the prior art was further investigated in a MISO broadcast channel (BC) with an external single-antenna eavesdropper in some prior art documents. The proposed CRS strategy considered legitimate users opportunistically relaying and forwarding their re-encoded common messages to serve as an AN to confuse eavesdroppers and as useful messages for other legitimate users. The precoder and time slot allocation strategies were then jointly optimized to maximize the secure sum rate. Furthermore, RSMA-based physical layer security was extended to simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) systems, and a robust beamforming design was proposed to maximize worst-case EE performance. With the assistance of an AN, RSMA-based secure beamforming and power allocation designs were investigated to maximize the secure sum rate.

[0010] Although RSMA-supported physical layer security is based on channel-based adaptation and artificial noise-based optimization of the cipher rate and cipher capacity, there is no specific mechanism for providing security for both the public and private portions of users' data within RSMA. Some of the work in the literature has focused on providing security for the private portion of RSMA users' data, ignoring the security of the public portion of data.

[0011] Although RSMA-supported physical layer security is based on channel-based adaptation and artificial noise-based optimization of the cipher rate and cipher capacity, there is no specific mechanism for providing security for both the public and private portions of users' data within RSMA. Some of the work in the literature has focused on providing security for the private portion of RSMA users' data, ignoring the security of the public portion of data. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0012] The present invention relates to the field and methodology of " " to eliminate the above-mentioned drawbacks and to provide new advantages to the related technical field.

[0013] The present invention focuses on solving the security problem of the common part of RSMA data due to interception by internal and external eavesdroppers. Although the private part is secured by the inherent structure of RSMA, the method proposed by the present invention provides another level of security to the private part of data for RSMA users. [Means for solving the problem]

[0014] The present invention proposes a novel method that can provide security for both the public and private parts by using the inherent features of the RSMA structure.

[0015] In RSMA-based multiple access, data is divided into two parts: the part that is broadcast to all users is known as the common part, and the part that is received only by a particular user is known as the private part.

[0016] Rate Division Multiple Access (RSMA) has emerged as a powerful non-orthogonal transmission framework and interference management strategy for future wireless networks. Furthermore, the performance benefits of RSMA have been demonstrated in terms of robustness to imperfect channel state information at the transmitter (CSIT), user mobility, spectral efficiency (SE), energy efficiency (EE), user fairness, reliability, and enhanced quality of service (QoS).

[0017] On the other hand, the broadcast nature of wireless communication makes it vulnerable to several security threats, such as both types of eavesdropping (internal and external). In this invention, the method proposes a novel channel-independent interleaver based on the inherent structure of RSMA that can be applied to sub-blocks, bits, and symbols to provide secure communication without the need for pre-shared information for the interleaver or keys.

[0018] The disclosed invention may be used in any wireless network that uses rate splitting as a multiple access approach to serve multiple users in the network. The technical advantages may be used in many areas, including, by way of example only, the following: 1-Link Adaptation and Modulation 2-Channel Estimation and Detection 3-Improved throughput and reliability mechanisms 4-MAC Layer Management and Identification 5-Non-orthogonal unicast and multicast transmission (NOUM) 6- Multi-cell MIMO, including coordinated multi-point (CoMP), cloud-radio access network (C-RAN), and fog-radio access network (F-RAN) 7-Cooperative User Relay Network 8-Effective Precoding Design Aspects 9-Application of Joint Radar and Communication (JRC) 10- Massive MIMO Networks 11-Ultra-reliable and low-latency communications (URLLC) 12-Millimeter-wave (mmWave) communications 13-Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) support communications 14-Physical Layer Security (PLS) 15- Massive Machine-Type Communication (mMTC) 16-Cognitive radio networks (CRN) 17-Device to device (D2D) communication

[0019] RSMA has been shown to generalize and encompass a special case for existing multiple access (MA) schemes, namely, orthogonal multiple access (OMA), physical layer multicasting, spatial division multiple access (SDMA) based on linear precoding (currently used in fifth-generation wireless networks - 5G), and non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) based on linear precoding superposition coding with successive interference cancellation (SIC). Through information-theoretic and communication-theoretic analyses, RSMA is optimal (in terms of the degree-of-freedom domain) in several transmission scenarios.

[0020] RSMA allows user messages to be separated into a common portion and a private portion. The private portion is then independently encoded into a private stream, while the common portion is jointly encoded into a common stream that is superimposed on the private stream. The superimposed stream is then precoded and transmitted from a multi-antenna transmitter. At the receiver, successive interference cancellation (SIC) is applied at each user to enable consecutive decoding of the common stream and the intended private stream. The receiver then extracts the intended common portion from the decoded common message and reconstructs the original message by combining the intended common portion with the decoded private message.

[0021] Although RSMA has many advantages, it is vulnerable to several security threats from external eavesdroppers or internal eavesdroppers due to the broadcast nature of wireless networks. The broadcast nature of wireless communication makes it vulnerable to several security threats, including both types of eavesdropping (internal and external). RSMA separates the data into a public and private portion, and while the private portion of the data is secure, the public portion is vulnerable to both internal and external eavesdroppers.

[0022] In RSMA, private streams of data corresponding to different users are transmitted based on SDMA using a channel-based precoder, which provides inherent security against eavesdropping by internal and external eavesdroppers. Meanwhile, a common stream is constructed by concatenating all users' data and broadcast to all users, and SIC is applied to each user to extract its corresponding private stream. Therefore, it is vulnerable to internal and external eavesdroppers.

[0023] The objective of the present invention is to solve the security problem of the common portion of RSMA data due to interception by internal and external eavesdroppers. While the private portion is secured by the inherent structure of RSMA, the method in the present invention provides another level of security to the private portion of data for RSMA users.

[0024] The proposed method can provide secure and efficient communication for RSMA-based systems without relying on traditional cryptography-based security measures. More specifically, the proposed method can solve the following problems with traditional security: Future networks will consist of large-scale heterogeneous and distributed wireless networks, making the process of key management, distribution, and maintenance extremely challenging. Future networks will need to support emerging wireless technologies such as 5G tactile Internet, Internet of Things (IoT), Ultra-Reliable Low Latency Communications (URLLC), and remote surgery. However, the devices used in these applications are naturally power-constrained, processing-limited, and latency-sensitive, making cryptography-based techniques impractical for such types of technology. Future networks are expected to support a variety of services and scenarios with different security requirements, and encryption-based methods cannot provide scenario-specific security. The proposed method can provide security without traditional cryptography-based methods, thus avoiding the issues of key sharing, distribution, and management for future networks. The proposed methods can be implemented to provide flexible and scenario-specific security, as they can be used individually or together. Compared with traditional security methods, the proposed method can provide security without compromising the bit error rate (BER) performance of legitimate nodes or causing an increase in the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) at the transmitter, and without introducing any throughput loss. The proposed method does not cause loss in spectral efficiency and does not generate noise at the expense of power like some other security techniques in the literature. The proposed method can provide security against external and internal eavesdroppers. The interleaver is data-dependent and can be changed every frame, making it difficult for an attacker to guess the interleaver sequence. The proposed method focuses on the security perspective. However, the proposed joint design of public and private can be extended to design new channel coding, modulation, power allocation, and diversity techniques. By applying the proposed approach, SIC works normally without any changes in the traditional RSMA structure, which means that the applied method does not change the inherent structure of RSMA. Although the method is proposed for rich scattering environments, it can also be extended to sparse channel cases or poor scattering environments. Furthermore, the method can also be extended to the case of multi-carrier communication. If the proposed approach is applied to RSMA networks, which are the best candidates for 5G and beyond, as well as 6G networks, several technical problems can be solved. These problems are: ·Eavesdropping issues {internal and external} Burst Error Errors from interference and noise

[0025] The following figures are used to better explain the analytical methods deployed with the present invention. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0026] [Figure 1] RSMA transmitter design for the proposed invention (Method 1). [Figure 2] This is the RSMA receiver design for the proposed invention (Method 1). [Figure 3] This is the design of an RSMA receiver for the proposed bit-level interleaver (Method 2). [Figure 4] This is the design of an RSMA receiver for the proposed symbol-level interleaver (Method 3). DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0027] The novelty of the present invention will be described using a specific example of a channel-independent interleaver, which is intended only to clarify the subject matter of the present invention without limiting the scope of the present invention. The present invention will be described in detail below.

[0028] The primary focus of this invention is to provide security against external and internal eavesdroppers to the common stream of an RSMA network, since the private stream of transmitted data is inherently secure in RSMA.

[0029] The proposed method provides security without traditional cryptography-based methods because it only addresses physical layer-level characteristics from the channel, thus avoiding hardware overhead and issues related to key sharing, distribution, and management.

[0030] In particular, channel estimation and mitigation are an inherent part of the reliable communication process. Furthermore, a channel-based precoder is an inherent part of RSMA.

[0031] The proposed method of the present invention uses the inherent structure of RSMA to ensure secure communication.

[0032] Rate Division Multiple Access (RSMA) has emerged as a powerful non-orthogonal transmission framework and interference management strategy for future wireless networks. However, the broadcast nature of wireless communication makes it susceptible to various security threats, such as eavesdropping. This invention aims to provide a mechanism to secure communications against these threats using the inherent features of RSMA without sharing a secret key.

[0033] Rate division multiple access (RSMA) has emerged as a powerful non-orthogonal transmission framework and interference management strategy for future wireless networks.

[0034] RSMA allows user messages to be separated into a common portion and a private portion. The private portion is then independently coded into a private stream, while the common portion is co-coded into a common stream that is superimposed on the private stream. The superimposed stream is then precoded and transmitted from a multi-antenna transmitter. At the receiver, successive interference cancellation (SIC) is applied at each user to enable consecutive decoding of the common stream and the intended private stream. The receiver then extracts the intended common portion from the decoded common message and reconstructs the original message by combining the intended common portion with the decoded private message.

[0035] Although RSMA has many advantages, it is vulnerable to several security threats from external eavesdroppers or internal eavesdroppers due to the broadcast nature of wireless communication. The broadcast nature of wireless networks makes them vulnerable to several security threats, including both types of eavesdropping (internal and external). RSMA separates the data into a public and private portion, and while the private portion of the data is secure, the public portion is vulnerable to both internal and external eavesdroppers.

[0036] In RSMA, private streams of data corresponding to different users are transmitted based on SDMA using a channel-based precoder, which provides inherent security against eavesdropping by internal and external eavesdroppers.

[0037] On the other hand, the common stream is constructed by concatenating all users' data and broadcast to all users, and SIC is applied to each user to extract its corresponding private stream, which is therefore vulnerable to both internal and external eavesdroppers.

[0038] Linear encoder-based MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) is a wireless communication technology that uses multiple antennas at both the transmitter and receiver to improve communication performance. Linear encoding is a signal processing technique that linearly combines signals from multiple antennas to improve signal quality, reliability, and increase data rates. In MIMO communication, linear encoding helps mitigate the effects of multipath fading and interference, resulting in a more robust communication system. MIMO with linear encoding is widely used in modern wireless communication systems such as 4G LTE and 5G networks.

[0039] There are several scheduling approaches in wireless communication networks that are used to efficiently allocate resources among multiple users. 1) Round Robin: A simple scheduling approach in which resources are allocated to each user in a cyclical manner. 2) Proportional Fair Scheduling: This approach allocates resources based on users' channel conditions, transmission rates, and past history of resource allocation. 3) Maximum Throughput Scheduling: This approach allocates resources to users with the maximum possible throughput. 4) Long-term fair scheduling: This approach allocates resources fairly over the long term, taking into account not only the current channel conditions but also the long-term behavior of users. 5) Quality of Service (QoS) Scheduling: This approach takes into account the specific QoS requirements of different applications and allocates resources accordingly. 6) Hybrid Scheduling: This approach combines multiple scheduling methods to meet specific network requirements and constraints.

[0040] These are some of the scheduling approaches commonly used in wireless communication networks. The choice of scheduling approach depends on the specific requirements and constraints of the network.

[0041] System model and proposed method: To explain the details of the proposed method, consider the following system model:

[0042] In general, a novel interleaver based on the inherent structure of RSMA is proposed. The proposed interleaver can be applied at the bit level, symbol level, or sub-block level. The actual problem solved by the proposed algorithm is to provide security for the common part of data in RSMA. The basic idea of ​​the proposed design is to design a novel interleaver to provide security for the common part based on the inherent secure private part in RSMA.

[0043] System Model: Consider a two-user RSMA system in which an RSMA transmitter BS (Base station / RSMA transmitter) with N_i antennas wishes to communicate with legitimate users U1 (User 1) and U2 (User 2) in the presence of an eavesdropper Eve. The eavesdropper Eve passively attempts to eavesdrop on information exchanged between the RSMA transmitter and the users. The channel between any pair of node-links can be modeled as slowly varying Rayleigh fading. Under the assumption of channel reciprocity, the channel (h_i,BS) between the i-th user (U_i) and the transmitter (BS) can be used to estimate the channel (h_BS,i) between the transmitter (BS) and any user (U_i). Because the actual channel is location-specific, the channel (h_BS,i) from the transmitter (BS) to the i-th user is also different from and independent of the channel (h_BS,e) from the transmitter (BS) to the eavesdropper. Furthermore, due to its passive operation, it is also assumed that Alice has no information about Eve's channel. Note that the above system model may be extendable to cases with more than two users, and the two-user assumption is for illustrative purposes only.

[0044] Suggested method: In the proposed method, the present invention proposes a novel channel-independent interleaver based on the inherent structure of RSMA that can be applied to sub-blocks, bits, and symbols to provide secure communication without the need for pre-shared information for the interleaver or keys.

[0045] This invention proposes three methods based on the joint design of RSMA private and common streams to secure user data from internal and external eavesdroppers as follows: 1. Subblock-based Channel-Independent Interleaver 2. Bit-level Channel-Independent Interleaver 3. Symbol-level Channel-independent Interleaver

[0046] Steps in the Linear Precoding Phase A precoder is designed for each user based on the channel, then multiplied with each user's private stream and then superimposed together.

[0047] More specifically, a linear precoder in a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system may be used for subchannel configuration in rate division multiple access (RSMA), which may be done using the following steps: 1) Establishing a MIMO channel: A MIMO channel between a transmitter and a receiver is established, and channel state information is obtained. 2) Select a linear precoding method: Based on the channel state information, an appropriate linear precoding method is selected. There are several linear precoding methods available, such as zero-forcing (ZF), regularized zero-forcing (RZF), and minimum mean-square error (MMSE) precoding. 3) Calculate the precoder matrix: The precoder matrix is ​​calculated based on the selected linear precoding method and the channel state information. 4) Apply precoder to data: A precoder matrix is ​​applied to the data and transmitted on each subchannel, which adjusts the power level and improves the quality of the signal.

[0048] By using linear precoding in RSMA, the network can achieve improved performance such as higher spectral efficiency, better power efficiency, and reduced interference between users. Linear precoding also helps improve the quality of the signal transmitted on each subchannel, which can further improve the overall performance of the network.

[0049] The present invention proposes a novel method that can provide security for both the public and private parts by using the inherent features of the RSMA structure.

[0050] There are three methods in the present invention.

[0051] Method 1: Subblock-based Channel-Independent Interleaver for RSMA Based on the above system model, the following steps are followed to secure the data D_i (i ∈ (1,2)) of the i-th user: Before moving to the RSMA transmission structure, divide the data into sub-blocks (based on the proposed RSMA transmitter shown in Figure 1). (In this step, a bit-level interleaver cannot be provided because we are using a subset of data for interleaving, and the combinations provided by that subset of data cannot be suitable for a bit-level interleaver. Therefore, the division into sub-blocks and bits is used for a sub-block-based interleaver.) Then, L of the B sub-blocks are selected and the bits in these L are used as input to an interleaver sequence generator (G). (The interleaver gives an output sequence g_i based on the input bits, which is then used to interleave the remaining L~B sub-blocks as shown in Figure 1 (B is the total number of sub-blocks, and L is the number of sub-blocks in the subset of the B total sub-blocks).) An output sequence is obtained by an interleaver based on the input bits, which is then used to interleave the remaining L to B sub-blocks. The sub-blocks are then combined by a combiner (CO) to create a new stream D'_i containing the bits corresponding to the interleaved sub-blocks (Int_i) and the bits corresponding to the non-interleaved sub-blocks (nInt_I). The resulting stream is used as input to the RSMA transmission structure for the i-th user, and in the bit splitter (message splitter) of the RSMA structure, the bits are split into common and private parts, which are used as input for the interleaver generator. (The resulting stream (D'_i) is then used as input to the RSMA transmission structure for the i-th user. In the bit splitter of the RSMA structure, the bits are split into common and private parts, ensuring that the bits (in the non-interleaved sub-block (nInt_I)) used as input for the interleaver generator go to the private part. Note that these bits are needed at the receiver to deinterleave the data in the proper order. Therefore, once these bits are secured, the security of the common bits can also be secured. Therefore, these bits can be sent by an SDMA-based private stream, providing channel-based security for these bits.) · The above process is repeated for user 2 to obtain the resulting stream for user 2 (D_2'). Then, the private parts (PP1, PP2) of D'_1 and D'_2 are encoded and mapped to symbol streams xp1 and xp2, respectively, independently for each of the two users, while their common parts (C1 and C2) are concatenated into C. The resulting common stream (C) is then encoded and mapped to a stream of symbols xc. The common and private streams of symbols (xc and (xp1 and xp2)) are linearly precoded and superimposed, then transmitted from a multi-antenna transmitter to a receiver over a multipath Rayleigh fading channel. The transmitted signal is received by the i-th user and the eavesdropper as y_i and y_e, respectively. First detect and decode the common stream by the i-th user, then apply successive interference cancellation (SIC) to detect and decode the i-th intended private stream (based on the proposed RSMA receiver structure in Figure 2). Extract the intended common part from the decrypted common message and reconstruct the message by combining the intended common part with the decrypted private message. The data stream then contains the total number of sub-blocks (B), a subset of the total sub-blocks (L), bits corresponding to the interleaved sub-blocks (Int_i) and bits corresponding to the L non-interleaved sub-blocks (nInt_I). The bits corresponding to the L non-interleaved sub-blocks (nInt_I) are used as input for a deinterleaver (Z), which gives the sequence zi. Finally, the sequence (zi) is used to deinterleave the sub-blocks to obtain the original message.

[0052] Note that Eve receives the signal y_e, but even if she can decode the common portion of the data for any user, she cannot obtain the original message. This is because, to obtain the original message, Eve needs to know the input bits for the subblock-level deinterleaver. However, these bits are sent using a private stream that is inherently secure due to the use of a channel-based precoder. Therefore, Eve cannot obtain the original message. Furthermore, for the same reason, users cannot eavesdrop on each other's data; only the corresponding legitimate node obtains the correct original message.

[0053] Method 2: Bit-level channel-independent interleaver Figure 3 shows an alternative version of the proposed method, in which the conventional RSMA transmitter is modified only in the common bit blocks. In particular, the proposed method is based on using the bits of the private stream to design a bit-level or sub-block-level interleaver for the common stream. At the receiver, the decoded private bits are used to design a bit-level or sub-block-level interleaver for the common stream, since these bits can only be decoded at legitimate nodes, which provides security against external and internal eavesdroppers.

[0054] Method 3: Symbol-level channel-independent interleaver In this method, a symbol-level public-private joint design is proposed to provide security. This proposed method does not require any changes in the bit-level RSMA transmitter structure. However, symbol-level modifications are applied to provide security.

[0055] Details of how: Based on the proposed method 3, presented in Fig. 4 . Following the steps of conventional RSMA, the private parts (PP1, PP2) of D1 and D2 for the two users are independently mapped to symbol streams xp1 and xp2, respectively, while their common parts (C1 and C2) are concatenated into C, jointly coded and mapped to the symbol stream xC. To provide security for both users U1 and U2, the real and imaginary parts of U1 and U2 in the common stream of symbols (xC) are interleaved with the real and imaginary parts of their corresponding private streams of symbols (xp1, xp2). The resulting common and private streams of symbols are linearly precoded and superimposed, then transmitted from a multi-antenna transmitter to a receiver over a multipath Rayleigh fading channel. · The transmitted signals are received by the i-th user and the eavesdropper, respectively. Based on the proposed RSMA receiver structure, the common stream of symbols is first detected by the i-th user, and then successive interference cancellation (SIC) is applied to detect the i-th private stream of intended symbols. Extract the intended common part from the common stream of detected symbols and reconstruct the message by combining the intended common part with the private stream of detected symbols. Then, at each receiver, the real and imaginary parts of the common stream of symbols are interleaved with the real and imaginary parts of its corresponding private stream of symbols. Finally, the stream of symbols is decoded to obtain the original message.

[0056] Note that Eve receives the signal, but cannot obtain any information from the common stream of symbols. This is because the real and imaginary parts of the common stream of symbols are interleaved with the real and imaginary parts of the corresponding private stream of symbols, so Eve does not have access to the private stream of symbols, and therefore does not have access to the original symbols. For the same reason, internal Eve cannot obtain any useful information from the common part of the stream of symbols.

[0057] While the conventional RSMA cannot provide security for the common part, the private stream is secure in this respect. The proposed technique can provide security for the common part and further improve the security of the private part.

[0058] From a constructional point of view, all components in the conventional and proposed are the same, but there are new blocks such as the interleaver design and the deinterleaver block. The inclusion of these blocks also changes the design of other dependent components, such as the splitter.

[0059] The system comprises: Splitter: Based on the proposed secure RSMA, one of the key steps in the proposed algorithm is the splitter. This splitter is used in the first algorithm before moving to the RSMA transmission structure where the data D_i is split into B sub-blocks. Another splitter is also used to split the data into common and private streams based on the RSMA structure. Interleaver Sequence Generator: The interleaver is the second important element in the proposed invention. Based on the interleaver, three algorithms are proposed in this invention: sub-block level, bit level, and symbol level. Independent Encoder: An encoder is used to assign the coding scheme selection, and the coding scheme is used independently for each user. This is a fundamental element in RSMA networks, where the effects of errors caused by the channel can be effectively addressed. Linear precoder: A linear precoder is designed for each user based on the channel, then multiplied with each user's private stream and then superimposed. More specifically, in a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system, a linear precoder can be used to configure subchannels in rate-division multiple access (RSMA). Detector: Decode and use SIC. Based on the proposed RSMA receiver structure, each user first detects and decodes the common stream, and then applies successive interference cancellation (SIC) to detect and decode the intended private stream, which is the basic element for applying RSMA. Deinterleaver: Based on the interleaver used in the transmitter, the receiver needs to apply a corresponding deinterleaver based on either the bit level or the symbol level. In the deinterleaver, the sequences are regenerated based on the private part, and then these sequences are applied in the common part to get the proper ordering of the common data. Combiner: Then, each user in the RSMA network needs to combine the two parts, the public part and the private part, to obtain a signal. [Explanation of symbols]

[0060] Individually numbered components of the systems and methods shown in the drawings are provided below. BS transmitter SIC successive interference cancellation Int_i Interleaved Sub-Block G Interleaver Sequence Generator g_i output sequence B Total number of subblocks L Subset of total subblocks nInt_I Non-interleaved sub-block D'_i resulting stream D'_1 Resulting stream of data 1 D'_2 Resulting stream of data 2 PP1 Private part of D'_1 PP2 Private part of D'_2 C Resulting Common Stream xp1 Stream of encoded symbols Z Deinterleaver xp2 A stream of mapped symbols xc common stream of symbols U1 User 1 U2 User 2 D Data C1 User 1 common part C2 User 2 common part D1 Data 1 D2 Data 2 N_i antenna Eve Eavesdropper y_1 Transmitted signal received by user 1 y_2 Transmitted signal received by user 2 y_e User transmitted signal received by eavesdropper

Claims

1. 1. A system of interleavers for providing security of a common part based on a unique secure private part in an RSM, the system comprising: a splitter used for the first algorithm before transitioning to a Rate Division Multiple Access (RSMA) transmission structure, where data is divided into sub-blocks and the splitter separates the data into common and private streams based on the RSMA structure; - Interleaver sequence generators based on the interleavers at subblock level, bit level and symbol level; a linear precoder used to assign a choice of coding scheme, said coding scheme being used independently for each user; and a detector and decoder unit that first provides detection and decoding of the common stream to the user and applies successive interference cancellation to detect and decode the intended private stream; a deinterleaver based on the interleaver used in the transmitter, which regenerates sequences based on the private part and applies these sequences to the common part to obtain the correct ordering of the common data; A combiner that combines the common part and the private part to obtain a signal by each user in the RSMA network.

2. A channel independent interleaver method that can provide security to both the common part and the private part by using the unique features of the RSMA structure, said method comprising: - dividing the data into sub-blocks to be used for a sub-block based interleaver; Selecting a number of sub-blocks in a subset of the total sub-blocks (L) and using the bits in those L blocks as input to an interleaver sequence generator (G); Thereafter, combining said sub-blocks by a combiner to create a new stream as the resulting stream contains bits corresponding to interleaved sub-blocks (Int_i) and bits corresponding to non-interleaved sub-blocks (nInt_I); - Using the resulting stream as input to an RSMA transmission structure for the i-th user, and similarly repeating this process for the second user to obtain a resulting stream; - encoding and mapping the private portions of user 1 and user 2 into a stream of symbols by encoding and mapping independently for the two users, while the common portion is concatenated into the resulting common stream; - encoding and mapping the resulting common stream into the stream of symbols; Linearly precoding and superimposing the common and private streams of symbols and transmitting them from a multi-antenna transmitter to a receiver over a multipath Rayleigh fading channel; - receiving said transmission by a user and an eavesdropper; - detecting and decoding said common stream by said i-th user; Applying successive interference cancellation (SIC) to detect and decode the i-th intended private stream; extracting the intended common portion from the decoded common message and reconstructing the message by combining the intended common portion with the private message decoded by the i-th receiver; Obtaining the total number of sub-blocks (B) of the data stream, a subset of the total sub-blocks (L), and bits corresponding to the interleaved sub-blocks (Int_i) and bits corresponding to the L non-interleaved sub-blocks (nInt_I); - using the bits corresponding to L non-interleaved sub-blocks (nInt_I) as input for a deinterleaver (Z), the deinterleaver (Z) providing a sequence; - Deinterleaving the sub-blocks using the sequence to obtain the original message.

3. A channel independent interleaver method that can provide security to both the common part and the private part by using the unique features of the RSMA structure, said method comprising: At the receiver, using the decoded private bits to design a bit-level or sub-block-level interleaver for the common stream, providing security against external and internal eavesdroppers.

4. A channel independent interleaver method that can provide security to both the common part and the private part by using the unique features of the RSMA structure, said method comprising: - independently mapping the private portions of data for the two users to a stream of symbols, while the common portion is concatenated into a resulting common stream (C) and jointly coded and mapped to said stream of symbols; interleaving real and imaginary parts of the common stream of symbols with real and imaginary parts of their corresponding private streams of symbols to provide security for both user 1 and user 2; Linearly precoding and superimposing the resulting common and private streams of symbols, then transmitting them from a multi-antenna transmitter to a receiver over a multipath Rayleigh fading channel; receiving said transmitted signals by the i-th user and an eavesdropper, respectively; Based on the proposed RSMA receiver structure, first detecting a common stream of symbols by said i-th user, then applying successive interference cancellation to detect the intended i-th private stream of symbols; extracting the intended common portion from the common stream of detected symbols and reconstructing a message by combining the intended common portion with the private stream of detected symbols; - at each receiver, interleaving the real and imaginary parts of the common stream of symbols with the real and imaginary parts of its corresponding private stream of symbols; - Decoding said stream of symbols to obtain the original message.

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