Planting methods for establishing woody climate carbon plantations

Abstract

The present invention relates to a cost-effective planting method for creating woody climate carbon plantations. Planting is carried out using woody plant seeds incorporated into a biodegradable fabric, film, or fleece. The biodegradable material is laid on the production site with a film laying machine commonly used in agriculture. Climate carbon plantations can be considered as having zero CO2 emissions, and the multipurpose use of the plantations is carbon neutral, as there are no additional emissions. The wood produced can be used in the timber industry or for energy purposes. Plantations can also be used for border protection and secondary re-cultivation on damaged land, tailings and waste rock dumps, and municipal waste landfills.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] This patent application relates to a plantation method for creating woody climate carbon plantations, in which plantations are created using woody plant seeds incorporated into biodegradable material. The biodegradable material containing the seeds is placed directly on the production site using a film laying machine commonly used in agriculture. The wood produced can be used in the timber industry or for energy purposes. The plantations also serve as secondary re-cultivation sites for damaged land, mine tailings and waste rock dumps, and municipal waste landfills. Climate carbon plantations can be considered to have zero CO2 emissions, and since there are no additional emissions, the multi-purpose use of the plantations is carbon neutral, contributing to climate protection goals. [Background technology]

[0002] Climate change, the current energy crisis, and the continuing increase in timber demand are all issues that require effective solutions. The establishment of traditional climate-carbon-energy plantations requires high initial costs. Capital-intensive plantations inevitably leave a large ecological footprint, increasing resource use and harmful emissions. Furthermore, plantations typically require large amounts of irrigation water, raising questions about their viability in the face of increasing water scarcity. In the case of plantations established through micropropagation, hybrid species are produced, which precludes their use as bee pastures. This is because bees and other pollinating insects are highly sensitive to any interventions that affect the plant's genetic stock. In the long term, the pollen and nectar of hybrid and genetically modified species can lead to the collapse of pollinating insect colonies and the death of individuals.

[0003] Currently, traditional energy plantations in Hungary are generally divided into woody and herbaceous plants. Herbaceous plantations can be replaced by cereal stalk residues, so it is not worth allocating resources to plantations that produce a by-product. To increase the yield of herbaceous stalks, it is necessary to increase the area under cereal production. The yield of herbaceous stalk residues can be increased by increasing the area under cereal production. Woody energy plantations are usually poplar and willow seeds, which are produced by cuttings, and black locust and empress seeds, which are produced by planting seedlings.

[0004] The planting costs for these species mainly include the costs of soil preparation and the production and cultivation of propagation materials. Soil preparation is carried out using heavy agricultural machinery that performs the following tasks: -Disc harrow plowing -Deep loosening -Medium deep cultivation -To level the land, multiple cultivation will be carried out three times.

[0005] Soil preparation is carried out using fossil fuel-powered machinery, whose weight and activity have a negative impact on soil structure and fauna. Petroleum-based fuels significantly increase harmful emissions and are therefore not a climate-friendly technique. Multiple cropping cycles require additional energy consumption. These steps need to be reduced by switching to soil-friendly techniques. Fossil energy sources need to be replaced by renewable, CO2-free energy sources.

[0006] Poplar, willow and empress tree species are adapted to wetlands where the soil is rich in moisture and nutrients and therefore require significant amounts of water. To achieve rapid growth rates for these tree species, energy plantations would need to be planted on good quality agricultural land, thereby reducing the amount of agricultural land available for food production.

[0007] When poor quality land is available, nutrient and water replenishment is very costly. High costs inevitably leave a large ecological footprint, so that the climate protection balance and energy balance are not sufficiently positive.

[0008] Productive land needs to be reserved for food production. Cultivation costs need to be reduced. Species and techniques need to be used that perform well under adverse conditions or on damaged land. There is very little experience with genetically modified and hybrid species, and so far their effects have proven very negative, including eroding agricultural land and inhibiting the reproduction of pollinating insects.

[0009] Planting black locust seedlings is essentially a two-stage process, with two rounds of soil preparation: first, sowing the seeds to produce the seedlings, and then removing the seedlings and planting them in their final location.

[0010] The double soil preparation and removal and replanting of the seedlings would undoubtedly incur additional costs. Furthermore, severing the root systems of the seedlings would delay the development of individual trees by one to two seasons, which would be a significant loss.

[0011] Patent No. JPH06185065A discloses a planting method in which seeds are planted by attaching them directly to a net-like structure. The seeds are protected by the net-like structure and are then allowed to germinate. The network is formed using a composite rayon yarn in which at least one of a polymer emulsion and a water-soluble polymer is added to a viscose solution.

[0012] Patent No. KR20100091540A discloses a seeding method in which plant seeds are placed in a geotextile made of corn cotton or jute, or a mixture of corn cotton and core fiber. The seeds are scattered between two layers, and once the seeds germinate, the corn cotton decomposes in the ground.

[0013] Japanese Patent Publication No. 2001123450A discloses a bag that is biologically decomposed by hydrolysis and ultimately converted into decomposed products that are completely converted into substances found in nature. This bag is made of woven or knitted fabric using biodegradable aliphatic polyester fibers, and has a biodegradable sheet inside that holds seeds and / or fertilizer, excrement, and urine. Summary of the Invention

[0014] The drawback of the above solutions is that the production of biodegradable materials containing seeds is complex and expensive, and furthermore, difficult to deploy in large-scale production sites.

[0015] The object of the present invention is to overcome the above drawbacks and to provide a procedure for creating energy plantations, the cost of which does not exceed the cost of creating a conventional plantation, the need for irrigation water is negligible or absent, and the provision of a stable genetic stock does not pose a threat to pollinating insects.

[0016] The aim is to significantly reduce the resources required for soil improvement: deep loosening and multiple multi-cultivation can be dispensed with.

[0017] Another objective is to optimize the amount of propagation material used and to ensure easy and fast placement of seeds in the production area without prior preparation of the soil.

[0018] A further objective is to ensure that seeds are placed at specific spacings and depths regardless of soil irregularities, allowing the density of the established plantation to be planned.

[0019] Yet another goal is to prevent weeding, eliminating the need for weed control before seed emergence.

[0020] Furthermore, it aims to avoid an energy crisis by providing its own energy source.

[0021] A further purpose is to provide border protection, such as along international borders, and private property protection.

[0022] The set goals will be achieved by consolidating woody plant seeds in biodegradable materials before placing them in the production area, planning row and seed spacing before consolidation taking into account the characteristics of the production area and seed type, and ensuring that seeds are placed accordingly during consolidation, so that the density of the plantations matches the planned density. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0023] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a double-row planting pattern for Robinia pseudoacacia seeds. [Figure 2] Schematic diagram of a three-row planting pattern for Robinia pseudoacacia seeds; [Figure 3] This is a schematic diagram showing the planting of locust seeds to form a border protection zone. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0024] The present invention therefore relates to a planting method for creating woody climate carbon plantations by integrating seeds of woody plants / rooting tree species, preferably black locust seeds or locust seeds, into biodegradable material and placing the biodegradable material directly on the production area using a film-laying machine commonly used in agriculture. The method according to the present invention can be carried out using commercially available biodegradable materials such as films, fleeces, cloth, string, paper tape, styrofoam, etc. Biodegradable materials are, for example, films / fleeces made from corn starch or potato starch; cloth made from hemp or flax; and string made from hemp or flax.

[0025] The seeds are integrated into the biodegradable material before being placed in the production area, preferably on the production line during the production of the biodegradable material, in such a way that a subtask allowing the integration of appropriately prepared seeds is inserted into the production line process during the production of material of the desired width, or the seeds are integrated into the produced biodegradable material by the seed tape production machine.

[0026] Incorporation of seeds into the biodegradable material is carried out by placing the seeds between two layers of film, two layers of fleece, two layers of fabric, or two layers of paper tape such that the seeds are positioned on the bottom layer of film, fleece, or fabric, or on the bottom layer of paper tape, with a defined seed-to-row spacing.

[0027] The overlapping layers containing the seeds are secured together by tacking or stitching with a water-based adhesive or thread made of the same material, thereby holding the seeds in place and maintaining the specified seed and row spacing.

[0028] This produces a tape of a specified width made of biodegradable material, which encapsulates seeds at the specified seed spacing and furrow spacing. The tape can then be laid directly onto the production area using an agricultural film laying machine. The tapes should be parallel to each other, preferably spaced 70-100cm apart.

[0029] The planting procedure for the creation of climate carbon plantations according to the invention is also suitable for the creation of a perimeter protection strip, preferably using seeds of a staghorn plant, by placing a tape containing the seeds of the staghorn plant adjacent to the production area.

[0030] The integration of the seeds into the string is implemented by twisting.

[0031] Insert each seed into the floral foam.

[0032] Film laying machines are also suitable for laying strings, which, like films, come in rolls and therefore technical modifications can be made by setting up the machine appropriately.

[0033] Film-laying agricultural machines are capable of laying several rolls at the same time.

[0034] The film tape, or fleece tape, or cloth tape, or paper tape, or string is covered with a maximum of 5 mm of soil.

[0035] The type of biodegradable material is selected according to the soil and climatic conditions of the plantation to be established. For biodegradable materials, seeds are placed in rows and at seed spacings appropriate for the tree species and the characteristics of the production area. The width of cloth, film, fleece tape, and paper tape ranges from 10 cm to 100 cm.

[0036] The seeds are placed according to the planting plan inside a tape made of biodegradable material.

[0037] for example 1. For double row planting pattern: row spacing: 12cm, seed spacing: 25cm, tape width: 25cm 2. For three double row planting patterns: row spacing: 12-24-12-24-12cm, seed spacing: 5-10cm, tape width: 100cm

[0038] Seeds of any rooted tree are suitable for creating plantations according to the present invention. Preparation of the seeds for incorporation into the biodegradable material involves the following steps: washing the seeds, sieving, and then scarifying the seeds (wearing away the seed coat to promote germination).

[0039] If necessary, chemical dressings should be applied according to local conditions (to protect sprouts from insect, bacterial and fungal pests).

[0040] Preferably, Robinia pseudoacacia or Gleditsia triacanthos seeds are planted, as the locust's long, strong spines make it suitable for creating border protection zones that will protect against all kinds of two-legged and four-legged invaders.

[0041] The processed seeds of the black locust tree, collected primarily from domestic stocks, are incorporated into biodegradable materials. The black locust tree (Robinia pseudoacacia) is well known for its fast growth, resilience, and undemanding nature, and its ability to thrive in poor soils.

[0042] It has been bred in Hungary for over 250 years, is adapted to local conditions, has a stable genetic stock and is free from genetic modification concerns.

[0043] Characteristics of Robinia pseudoacacia: Low water demand, drought tolerance - soil binding capacity -It produces scarlet flowers and provides nitrogen to the soil. -Create "planting soil" in 2 years. - Extremely high biodiversity at the level of leaf mold. -Closed technology-water retention capacity -Large population -Deep penetrating root system returns washed-out nutrients to the soil surface. -Secondary energy use - Ash is returned to the plantation as nutrients.

[0044] As a honey plant, the honey it produces is of the highest quality: it has a high dry matter content, only 35% at harvest, compared to 65% for oak, 70% for beech, and over 70% for poplar and willow. Furthermore, it contains substances that promote combustion even when wet, making it ideal for energy utilization.

[0045] Robinia pseudoacacia leaves are highly suitable for feed purposes. The studies available have shown that their crude protein content is higher than that of high-quality alfalfa meal, but their fiber content is low and they are easily digestible. Their rapid growth and large populations allow for the production of large amounts of timber while protecting the soil and forests.

[0046] The energy generated from the wood mass can be used in thermal power plants. The electricity generated in this way only releases the carbon that was fixed several years ago, so there are no CO2 emissions and it does not add to the CO2 cycle. The electricity generated in this way is carbon-neutral green electricity. If electric machines are used for planting and soil preparation and their batteries are charged with green electricity generated at the power plant, the fossil fuel diesel can be eliminated from the system. In this way, a completely self-sufficient system that does not depend on external fossil energy sources can be achieved.

[0047] Direct use of solar and wind energy exhibits significant hysteresis in long-term performance, their availability is weather dependent, and energy generated from domestic fossil sources further increases harmful emissions.

[0048] The biomass produced by climate carbon plantations can be supplied to biomass-fired power plants in the form of wood chips on a continuous, long-term basis. The planting procedure according to the present invention is explained in more detail in the following examples. [Example]

[0049] Example 1: The creation of a plantation begins with a survey of the production area. A production site survey is conducted to determine the suitability of the selected production site. Sampling pits must be dug to a depth of approximately 2 meters in the target area. Sampling pits can be used to examine the soil composition and structure, as well as the presence of stagnant water at a depth of 2 meters. The number of sampling points required varies depending on the area and soil conditions. Generally, for an area of ​​15 to 20 hectares, digging one sampling pit to a depth of 1.5 to 2 meters is sufficient. The samples are then examined in a laboratory, and an expert opinion is issued based on the results. With the expert opinion that the area is suitable, planting can begin.

[0050] Plantations are usually on a few hectares, and economies of scale require large-scale production of 20 hectares, but even small scale production can be very cost-effective.

[0051] Once the production site has been surveyed, planting begins with soil preparation. This involves using a disc harrow and composting. In composting, the topsoil is broken up with a disc harrow and then thoroughly leveled. Compposting can be carried out up to two times on the production site, if necessary.

[0052] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a double-row planting pattern for black locust seeds 2. Prepared black locust seeds 2 are integrated into a biodegradable cornstarch-based film tape 1 using a seed tape machine and placed on prepared soil. The black locust seeds 2 are harvested from Robinia pseudoacacia (Robinia pseudoacacia) production stock. The harvested propagation material is cleaned by sieving and then scarified in a rotatable drum with an abrasive surface. After scarification, the seeds are treated with an insecticide approved for that species. The black locust seeds 2 are then placed in the hopper of the seed tape machine, from which they are transferred onto a lower film layer at seed-row spacing according to the planting plan. An upper film layer is then placed and secured on top of the lower film layer, keeping the black locust seeds 2 stable and organized within the film tape 1. In this example, the two film layers are secured together with a water-based adhesive.

[0053] In the example, the width of the film tape 1 is 25 cm, and within it, Robinia pseudoacacia seeds 2 are arranged in twin rows with a row spacing of 12 cm. The seed spacing between the Robinia pseudoacacia seeds 2 in the same row is 25 cm. The twin rows are offset, and the seeds are arranged diagonally to ensure a larger cultivation space. In the example, they are offset by 12.5 cm.

[0054] Planting in the production area takes place at the end of May. Film tape 1, 25 cm wide, is rolled up and placed on the spindle of the film laying machine. Multiple film tapes 1 can be placed side by side on the spindle of the film laying machine. There are 80 cm spacers between the film tapes 1, which ensures a row spacing between the tapes, so the film laying machine can lay multiple film tapes 1 in parallel at the same time, ensuring an 80 cm spacing between the film tapes 1 placed in the production area.

[0055] The side discs of the film laying machine cover the film tape 1 with a narrow strip of soil up to 5 mm thick.

[0056] Example 2: Three-row planting involves a similar process to double-row planting.

[0057] In the case of the planting according to FIG. 2, a biodegradable, cornstarch-based fleece tape 3 contains three rows of black locust seeds 2 .

[0058] In the three-row planting procedure, the width of the fleece tape 3 is 37 cm, the row spacing is 12 cm, and the seed spacing is 25 cm. The spacing between two fleece tapes 3 is 80 cm. The individual rows are offset by 12.5 cm.

[0059] Example 3: Figure 3 shows the creation of a border protection zone 5. Due to their density and large, poisonous spines containing formic acid, locusts (Gleditsia) form an impenetrable barrier, making them ideal for creating a border protection zone 5. To create the border protection zone 5, three strips of biodegradable cornstarch-based film tape 1 are placed next to each other using a film laying machine. Each film tape 1 is 96 cm wide, meaning the width of the growing shoots that form the border protection zone 5 is 288 cm. Each film tape 1 contains 4 spiny locust seeds, which are spaced 12 cm apart and 25 cm apart.

[0060] The figure shows an access road 6 between two border protection zones 5. According to an embodiment, an 800 cm wide access road 6 runs along the border protection zone 5, providing access for vehicles of the border protection service, and on the other side another border protection zone 5 is created.

[0061] An unexpected effect of the procedure according to the invention is that known technical components are combined in a previously unknown and unused manner, in a much more cost-effective manner, with larger production volumes and a wider range of uses.

Claims

1. A planting method for creating woody climate carbon plantations by incorporating seeds of rooted, seed-propagating tree species into a biodegradable fabric, film or fleece, characterized in that the seeds are systematically placed between two layers of fabric, film or fleece, then the two layers are fixed together and the tape thus formed, containing the seeds systematically, is placed directly onto the production area parallel to each other and at a predetermined distance from each other using a film-laying machine commonly used in agriculture.

2. 2. A planting method for creating a woody climate carbon plantation according to claim 1, characterized in that the black locust seeds (2) are integrated into a biodegradable fabric, film or fleece.

3. 2. A planting method for creating a woody climate carbon plantation according to claim 1, characterized in that the locust seeds (4) are integrated into a biodegradable fabric, film or fleece.

4. The planting method for establishing a woody climate carbon plantation according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the biodegradable cloth is made from hemp or flax.

5. 4. A planting method for creating a woody climate carbon plantation according to claim 1, wherein the biodegradable film or fleece is made from corn starch or potato starch.

6. 6. A planting method for creating a woody climate carbon plantation according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the layers stacked on top of each other, containing the seeds, are fixed to each other by tacking or basting with a water-based adhesive or using thread made of the same material.

7. 3. A planting method for creating a woody climate carbon plantation according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that tapes containing Robinia pseudoacacia seeds (2) arranged in double rows are arranged parallel to each other with a spacing between the tapes ranging from 70 to 100 cm, the Robinia pseudoacacia seeds (2) are arranged on a 25 cm wide tape with a row spacing of 12 cm and a seed spacing of 25 cm, and the rows are offset by 12.5 cm.

8. 3. A planting method for creating a woody climate carbon plantation according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the tapes containing the Robinia pseudoacacia seeds (2) arranged in three rows are arranged parallel to each other with a spacing between the tapes ranging from 70 cm to 100 cm, the Robinia pseudoacacia seeds (2) are arranged on a 37 cm wide tape with a row spacing of 12 cm and a seed spacing of 25 cm, and the rows are offset by 12.5 cm.

9. 4. A planting method for establishing a woody climate carbon plantation according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that the locust seeds (4) are arranged on a 96 cm wide tape with a row spacing of 12 cm and a seed spacing of 25 cm, the rows are offset by 12.5 cm, and three 96 cm wide tapes are planted side by side.

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