Gaskets and end blocks for separation modules

Abstract

A system for water treatment is disclosed. The system includes a housing, at least one end block sized to fit within the housing, and a gasket having a face and a lip extending from the face, where the face is sized to fit between the end block and an active area of ​​water treatment, and the lip is sized to fit over an outer edge of the end block adjacent the housing to form a seal. The system also includes an O-ring sized to fit between the lip and the inside of the housing. The gasket and O-ring are rated to withstand a static pressure of at least 100 psi during operation.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. §119(e) to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 432,832, entitled "GASKET AND ENDBLOCK ASSEMBLY FOR ELECTRODEIONIZATION MODULE," filed January 27, 2023, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference and made a part hereof for all purposes. [Technical Field]

[0002] FIELD OF THE INVENTION The aspects and embodiments disclosed herein relate generally to separation devices, and more particularly to gasket and end block assemblies for separation devices. Summary of the Invention

[0003] According to one aspect, a system for water treatment is provided. The system may include a housing. The system may include at least one end block sized to be positioned within the housing. The system may include a gasket having a face and a lip extending from the face, the face sized to be positioned between the end block and an active area of ​​water treatment, and the lip sized to be positioned over an outer edge of the end block adjacent the housing to form a seal.

[0004] In some embodiments, the system may further include an O-ring sized to be positioned adjacent the lip.

[0005] In some embodiments, the end block includes a contour sized to receive a portion of the lip.

[0006] In some embodiments, the contour of the end block is sized to receive a portion of the lip and the O-ring when the O-ring is compressed.

[0007] In some embodiments, the gaskets and O-rings are rated to withstand a static pressure of at least 100 psi during operation.

[0008] In some embodiments, the O-ring has a compression rate of between 15% and 40% when the gasket and O-ring are positioned within the housing.

[0009] In some embodiments, the endblock includes a contour sized to correspond to the distal end of the lip.

[0010] In some embodiments, at least a portion of the edge of the end block is tapered.

[0011] According to another aspect, a system for water treatment is provided. The system may include a housing. The system may include at least one end block sized to be positioned within the housing. The system may include a gasket having a face and a lip extending from the face, the face sized to be positioned between the inside of the end block and an active area of ​​water treatment, and the lip sized to be positioned over an outer edge of the end block. The system may include an O-ring sized to be positioned between the lip and the inside of the housing. The gasket and O-ring may be rated to withstand a static pressure of at least 100 psi during operation.

[0012] In some embodiments, the O-ring is integral with the gasket.

[0013] In some embodiments, the O-ring is separate from the gasket.

[0014] In some embodiments, the end block includes a contour sized to receive a portion of the lip and the O-ring when the O-ring is compressed.

[0015] In some embodiments, the gaskets and O-rings may be rated to withstand a static pressure of at least 180 psi during operation.

[0016] According to another aspect, a sealing assembly for a water treatment system is provided. The sealing assembly may include a gasket having a face and a lip extending from the face, the face dimensioned to lie in contact with an end block and the lip dimensioned to lie over an outer edge of the end block.

[0017] In some embodiments, the sealing assembly may further include an O-ring sized to be positioned adjacent the lip.

[0018] In some embodiments, a portion of the lip is sized to correspond to the contour of the endblock.

[0019] In some embodiments, a portion of the lip is sized to receive the O-ring when the O-ring is compressed.

[0020] In some embodiments, the O-ring is formed from an elastomeric material.

[0021] In some embodiments, the gasket is formed from an elastomeric material.

[0022] In some embodiments, the gasket comprises an O-ring integral with the lip.

[0023] In some embodiments, the distal end of the lip is sized to correspond to the contour of the endblock.

[0024] According to another aspect, a method for retrofitting an electrochemical separation device having an end block and a housing is provided. The method may include providing a sealing assembly. The method may include providing instructions for installing the sealing assembly in a water treatment system. The method may include providing instructions for installing a gasket face in contact with the end block and positioning a lip over an outer edge of the end block.

[0025] In some embodiments, the method may further include providing an end block with a contour sized to correspond to a portion of the lip.

[0026] The present disclosure is contemplated to encompass all combinations of any one or more of the aspects and / or embodiments described above, as well as any one or more combinations with the embodiments and any examples herein.

[0027] The accompanying drawings are not intended to be drawn to scale. In the drawings, identical or nearly identical components shown in each figure are represented by like numerals. For clarity, not all components may be labeled. The drawings are as follows: [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0028] [Figure 1A] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an end block according to one embodiment. [Figure 1B] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a gasket according to one embodiment. [Figure 1C] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an O-ring according to one embodiment. [Figure 1D] 1A and 1B are side and side perspective views of a gasket with an O-ring portion according to one embodiment. [Figure 2A] FIG. 1 is an exploded view of a sealing assembly including an end block, a gasket, and an O-ring according to one embodiment. [Figure 2B]FIG. 1 is an exploded view of a sealing assembly including an end block, a gasket, and an O-ring according to one embodiment. [Figure 3A] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a sealing assembly including an end block, a gasket, and an O-ring according to one embodiment. [Figure 3B] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a sealing assembly including an end block, a gasket, and an O-ring according to one embodiment. [Figure 4A] FIG. 12 is a rear view of an end block having a sealing assembly including a gasket and an O-ring according to one embodiment. [Figure 4B] FIG. 4B is a side view of the end block and sealing assembly of FIG. 4A according to one embodiment. [Figure 4C] FIG. 4C is a partial enlarged view of the end block and sealing assembly of FIGS. 4A and 4B according to one embodiment. [Figure 4D] FIG. 10 is a partial enlarged view of an end block and sealing assembly according to one embodiment. [Figure 5A] 1 is a cross-sectional side view of a sealing assembly on a water treatment system according to one embodiment. [Figure 5B] FIG. 5B is a partial enlarged cross-sectional view of the sealing assembly of FIG. 5A according to one embodiment. [Figure 6] 1 is a cross-sectional side view of a water treatment system according to one embodiment. [Figure 7A] 1 is a photograph of an electrochemical cell stack (10 cell pairs) having an end block and sealing assembly according to one embodiment. [Figure 7B] 1 is a photograph of an electrochemical cell stack (10 cell pairs) having an end block and sealing assembly according to one embodiment. [Figure 7C] 1 is a photograph of an electrochemical cell stack (10 cell pairs) having an end block and sealing assembly according to one embodiment. [Figure 8A] FIG. 1 is a diagram of an electrochemical cell stack (50 cell pairs) with end blocks and sealing assemblies according to one embodiment. [Figure 8B] FIG. 1 is a diagram of an electrochemical cell stack (50 cell pairs) with end blocks and sealing assemblies according to one embodiment. [Figure 8C] FIG. 1 is a diagram of an electrochemical cell stack (50 cell pairs) with end blocks and sealing assemblies according to one embodiment. [Figure 9A] FIG. 1 is a diagram of an electrochemical cell system setup for static pressure testing according to one embodiment. [Figure 9B] FIG. 1 is a diagram of an electrochemical cell system setup for static pressure testing according to one embodiment. [Figure 9C] FIG. 1 is a diagram of an electrochemical cell system setup for static pressure testing according to one embodiment. [Figure 10A] 1 is a photograph of an electrochemical cell stack after a static pressure test according to one embodiment. [Figure 10B] 1 is a photograph of an electrochemical cell stack after a static pressure test according to one embodiment. [Figure 11A] 1 is a photograph of an electrochemical cell stack having an end block and sealing assembly according to one embodiment during a cyclic installation test. [Figure 11B] 1 is a photograph of an electrochemical cell stack having an end block and sealing assembly according to one embodiment during a cyclic installation test. [Figure 11C] 1 is a photograph of an electrochemical cell stack having an end block and sealing assembly according to one embodiment during a cyclic installation test. [Figure 12A] FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a mock end block and sealing assembly during installation in a housing according to one embodiment. [Figure 12B] FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a mock end block and sealing assembly during installation in a housing according to one embodiment. [Figure 13A] 10 is a heat map illustrating maximum pressure on an O-ring after installation in a housing according to one embodiment. [Figure 13B]10 is a heat map illustrating maximum pressure on a gasket after installation in a housing according to one embodiment. [Figure 13C] 10 is a heat map illustrating maximum strain on an O-ring after installation in a housing according to one embodiment. [Figure 13D] 10 is a heat map illustrating maximum strain on a gasket after installation in a housing according to one embodiment. [Figure 14A] FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a comparative end block and sealing assembly prior to installation in a housing according to one embodiment. [Figure 14B] 10 is a heat map illustrating maximum pressure for a comparative O-ring after installation in a housing according to one embodiment. [Figure 14C] 10 is a heat map illustrating maximum strain of a comparative O-ring after installation in a housing according to one embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0029] The present disclosure relates to gasket and end block assemblies for separation modules. The gasket and end block assemblies disclosed herein may be used in any system that introduces and / or expels fluids into and from a housing. In certain embodiments, the gasket and end block assemblies disclosed herein may be used in systems that operate at elevated pressures, such as pressurized vessels and devices. In certain embodiments, the gasket and end block assemblies disclosed herein may be used in systems involving electrical and / or corrosive hazards. Exemplary systems include electrochemical separation devices, reverse osmosis, membrane filtration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, activated carbon, cartridge filters, sand filters, diatomaceous earth filters, or other fluid treatment systems.

[0030] The system disclosed herein may include an active water treatment area. First and second end blocks may be located at opposite ends of the active water treatment area. Gaskets may be located between each end block and the stack. The entire assembly from the first end block to the second end block may be located within a housing.

[0031] The system may further include one or more supply lines fluidly connected to the active area of ​​water treatment.

[0032] In one embodiment, the active region of an electrochemical separation device can include a dilution compartment, a concentration compartment, and a stack formed of an ion-exchange membrane. An electric field can be applied to the compartments from a voltage source and a current source applied to the first and second electrodes. The system can further include a first feed stream or first feed line fluidly connected to the dilution compartment and a second feed stream or second feed line fluidly connected to the concentration compartment.

[0033] As used herein, the term "electrochemical separation device" refers to a device that uses an electric field to purify a fluid. Electrochemical separation devices can generally be used to treat water and other liquids containing dissolved ionic species. Generally, electrochemical separation devices can utilize an electric potential to affect ion transport and remove or reduce the concentration of one or more ionized or ionizable species from a fluid. In certain embodiments, the electrochemical device can include an electroactive membrane, such as a semipermeable or permselective ion exchange membrane or a bipolar membrane.

[0034] Electrodialytic deionization (EDI) systems can separate one or more ionized or ionizable species from a fluid using an electroactive medium. The electroactive medium typically serves to alternately collect and release ionic and / or ionizable species and, in some cases, facilitate ion transport. Ion transport can occur continuously, for example, by ion or electron replacement mechanisms. EDI devices can include electrochemically active media with permanent or temporary charges and can operate in batch, intermittent, continuous, and / or polarity-reversal modes.

[0035] One embodiment of EDI is continuous electrodialysis deionization (CEDI). CEDI devices are EDI devices known to those skilled in the art that operate in a manner in which water purification can proceed continuously while the ion exchange material is continuously regenerated. CEDI technologies can include processes such as continuous deionization, packed cell electrodialysis, or electrodialysis. One example of such a CEDI device is the IONPURE® VNX CEDI module from Evoqua Water Technologies LLC (Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania).

[0036] Electrodialysis (ED) devices operate similarly to EDI devices (i.e., alternately collecting and releasing species in a batch process, intermittent, continuous, or polarity-reversed mode), but ED devices typically do not contain an electroactive medium between membranes.

[0037] The separation systems disclosed herein may include a housing. In some embodiments, the housing may have a cylindrical, oval, or "racetrack" cross-sectional area. The housing may be constructed of a material capable of withstanding elevated pressure. In some embodiments, the housing may be constructed of an electrically inert material. Exemplary housing materials include polysulfone, polyvinyl chloride, polycarbonate, epoxy-impregnated fiberglass, and the like. In some embodiments, an adhesive may be applied to form a seal between at least a portion of the periphery of the cell stack and the interior wall of the housing.

[0038] The end blocks may be drawn together with a rod, such as a threaded rod. The rod may be isolated from the fluid flow, for example, by being positioned within a sleeve. In some embodiments, the sleeve may be non-metallic. A gasket may be positioned between each end block and the cell stack. The gasket may be configured to substantially prevent contact between the end blocks and fluid passing through the module, particularly to prevent fluid leakage from the system.

[0039] The end blocks can be formed of a durable material capable of withstanding elevated pressures. In at least some embodiments, the durable material of the end blocks is an electrically conductive material (e.g., aluminum). In such embodiments, the gasket can also be configured to substantially prevent contact between the end blocks and current-carrying fluids. In one example embodiment, the end blocks can be formed of cast aluminum plate.

[0040] Conventional gaskets provide a face seal between the end blocks and the cell stack. While these gaskets are excellent at preventing water leaks, it is recognized that conventional gaskets may not be specifically designed to contain water leaks from specific structural issues, such as a cracked spacer in an electrochemical device. In such cases, it is believed that water leaking from within the module may pass around the gasket and come into contact with the end blocks. Unwanted water leakage can be particularly damaging when the device includes conductive end blocks. Therefore, there is a need for an improved gasket design, or an improved gasket and end block assembly design, to better isolate the end blocks from fluids within the module and prevent water leaks.

[0041] Additionally, increased operating pressures, such as elevated static pressures within the system, can also increase the risk of water leaks. The gasket and end block assemblies disclosed herein can be used in systems operating at elevated pressures. The systems can operate at elevated pressures caused by intrinsic factors, extrinsic factors, or both. Intrinsic factors can include, for example, swelling of the ion exchange membrane. The ion exchange membrane can swell by up to 20% during operation of an electrochemical separation system. Ion exchange membrane swelling generally increases the static pressure of the system and can increase the risk of water leaks. In some embodiments, the active area can include one or more filtration membranes. In such embodiments, static pressure can gradually increase during operation as a result of membrane resistance of the fluid within the active area of ​​water treatment. The gasket and end block assemblies disclosed herein can prevent water leaks in systems operating at elevated pressures.

[0042] According to certain embodiments, a sealing assembly is provided, as shown in FIGS. 1A-1C and 2A-2B. The sealing assembly may include a gasket 120. The gasket 120 may have a face 122 sized to be positioned to contact the end block 110, for example, to be positioned to contact a face side 112 of the end block 110. The face side 112 of the end block 110 may refer to the side of the end block 110 adjacent to the active area 160 of water treatment in the water treatment system 1000 (FIG. 6). The face side 112 of the end block 110 may have a substantially flat surface. The face 122 of the gasket 120 may have a diameter substantially equal to the diameter of the face side 112 of the end block 110.

[0043] The gasket 120 may have a lip 124 extending from the face 122. The lip 124 may be sized to fit over the outer edge of the end block 110, for example, the edge side 114 of the end block 110. The edge side 114 of the end block 110 may point toward the side of the end block 110 that is adjacent to the housing 100 of the water treatment system 1000 (FIG. 6). The edge side 114 of the end block 110 may have a curved surface. The lip 124 may be sized to extend a predetermined width or depth along the edge side 114 of the end block 110. The width of the lip 124 may be defined as the dimension designed to extend from the face side 112 of the end block 110 toward the back side 113 of the end block 110 opposite the face side 112. In some embodiments, the lip 124 may have a width selected to extend 10-25%, 25-35%, 35-45%, 45-55%, 55-65%, 65-75%, 75-90%, or 100% along the edge side 114 of the end block 110, measured from the face side 112 toward the back side 113.

[0044] Gasket 120 may include through-holes. For example, gasket 120 may include through-holes on face 122 and / or lip 124. In some embodiments, the through-holes may be sized and positioned to correspond with the through-holes in end block 110, for example, as shown in FIGS. 2A-2B . Specifically, as shown in FIGS. 2A-2B , in some embodiments, gasket 120 may include rod holes 142 and fluid holes 144. Rod holes 142 and fluid holes 144 in gasket 120 may be generally sized and positioned to correspond with rod holes 152 and fluid holes 154 in end block 110, respectively. In some embodiments, the through-holes in gasket 120 may include a rim or lip surrounding or substantially surrounding the through-holes.

[0045] Thus, gasket 120 may be designed or formed, e.g., dimensioned, to correspond with an end block 110 of a water treatment system, such as system 1000 shown in FIG. 6 . During operation, when assembled onto end block 110, gasket 120 may form a seal between end block 110 and housing 100 of system 1000. Face 122 may be configured to be positioned between face side 112 of end block 110 and an active area 160 of water treatment within system 1000. Lip 124 may extend over edge 114 of end block 110 and be configured to be positioned between edge side 114 of end block 110 and the interior of housing 100, forming a seal to isolate end block 110 from active area 160.

[0046] The gasket 120 may be formed of an elastomeric material. For example, the gasket 120 may be formed of a molded elastomer. The material of the gasket 120 may be selected to provide electrical insulation for the end block 110. Additionally, the material of the gasket 120 may be selected to provide desired heat and / or chemical resistance.

[0047] In certain embodiments, the dimensions and / or material of gasket 120 may be selected to provide target or desired properties, including, for example, flexibility, resilience, resilience, compressibility, density, specific gravity, elongation, tensile strength, tear strength (crescent or angled), and others. For example, the thickness or material of gasket 120 may be selected to provide target or desired properties. Additionally, the thickness or material of gasket 120 or portions of gasket 120 may be selected to maintain a target compression when assembled on end block 110 and / or attached to housing 100.

[0048] In some embodiments, the thickness of the lip 124 of the gasket or a portion of the lip 124 (e.g., groove 126) may be selected to provide a target or desired characteristic, such as maintaining a target compression when assembled on the end block 110 and / or installed in the housing 100. The thickness of the gasket 120, e.g., the lip 124 or groove 126, may range from 0.02 to 0.1 inches, e.g., 0.02 to 0.04 inches, 0.04 to 0.06 inches, 0.06 to 0.08 inches, or 0.08 to 0.1 inches.

[0049] Representative elastomeric materials include natural rubber, styrene-butadiene block copolymer, polyisoprene, polybutadiene, ethylene propylene rubber, ethylene propylene diene rubber, silicone, fluoroelastomer, polyurethane elastomer, nitrile, and the like, and combinations thereof. In one embodiment, the elastomeric material may be silicone. The elastomeric material may be a semi-rigid material. For example, the elastomeric material may be a 60-80 Shore A durometer material or a 65-75 Shore A durometer material, such as a 60 Shore A durometer, a 65 Shore A durometer, a 70 Shore A durometer, a 75 Shore A durometer, or an 80 Shore A durometer material. The elastomeric material may have a tensile strength of 1-1.5 g / cm. 3 , for example, 1.15 to 1.25 g / cm 3 The elastomer material may have a specific gravity of 300-400%, for example, 300-325%, 325-350%, 350-375%, or 375-400%. The elastomer material may have a tensile strength of 5-15 MPa, for example, 8-12 MPa, or 9.5-10.5 MPa. The elastomer material may have a tear strength of 12-24 KN / m, for example, 16-20 KN / m or 17-19 KN / m.

[0050] In certain embodiments, the gasket 120 may include an O-ring integral with the lip 124. The O-ring may be molded with the lip 124. Thus, in some embodiments, the lip 124 may include an O-ring portion 132, as shown in the photograph in FIG. 1D . The O-ring portion 132 may be located on the outer or inner surface of the lip 124. In some embodiments, the O-ring portion 132 may be located on both surfaces of the lip 124. The O-ring portion 132 may extend the entire length of the lip 124. In other embodiments, the O-ring portion 132 may extend a portion of the length of the lip 124. The gasket 120 may include multiple integral O-rings or O-ring portions 132 extending the entire length of the lip 124. The length of the lip 124 may be defined as the dimension designed to extend around the circumference of the edge side 114 of the end block 110.

[0051] 1C and 2A-2B, the sealing assembly may further include an O-ring 130 that is separate from the gasket 120. Providing the O-ring 130 separate from the gasket 120 may facilitate repair or replacement of the sealing assembly if either component needs to be replaced. For example, the O-ring 130 or the gasket 120 may be repaired or replaced separately as needed.

[0052] The O-ring 130 may be sized to sit adjacent to the lip 124. For example, the O-ring 130 may be sized to sit on the outer surface of the lip 124. Thus, during operation, when the gasket 120 is assembled onto the end block 110, the O-ring 130 may sit on the lip 124, such that the lip 124 is positioned between the edge 114 of the end block 110 and the O-ring 130, as shown in FIGS. 3A-3B . When unassembled, the O-ring 130 may have a center diameter that is slightly smaller, substantially equal to, or slightly larger than the diameter of the end block 110. For example, the center diameter of the O-ring 130 may be 1-10%, e.g., 1-5% or 5-10% smaller than the diameter of the end block 110, or 1-10%, e.g., 1-5% or 5-10% larger than the diameter of the end block 110.

[0053] The dimensions and / or material of the O-ring 130 may be selected based on target or desired properties of the O-ring 130, such as flexibility, resilience, resilience, compressibility, density, specific gravity, elongation, tensile strength, tear strength (crescent or angle), etc. Dimensions of the O-ring 130 that may be selected include the center diameter (e.g., the dimension spanning the central opening of the O-ring 130) and the tubular diameter of the O-ring 130 (e.g., the dimension of the thickness of the tubular body of the O-ring 130). The tubular diameter of the O-ring 130 may be between 0.01 and 0.2 inches, e.g., between 0.01 and 0.02 inches, between 0.02 and 0.04 inches, between 0.04 and 0.06 inches, between 0.06 and 0.08 inches, between 0.08 and 0.1 inches, between 0.1 and 0.15 inches, or between 0.15 and 0.2 inches. In some embodiments, the dimensions and / or material of O-ring 130 may be selected to provide a target or desired compression ratio for O-ring 130 relative to gasket 120, for example, when gasket 120 and O-ring 130 are positioned within the housing. The target or desired compression ratio for O-ring 130 relative to gasket 120 may be between 15 and 40%, e.g., between 15 and 30%, between 16 and 32%, or between 18 and 26%.

[0054] The O-ring 130 may be formed of an elastomeric material. The O-ring may be formed of a molded elastomer. The elastomeric material of the O-ring may be the same as or different from the elastomeric material of the gasket. In addition to meeting target properties, the O-ring material may be selected to provide desired thermal and / or chemical resistance. The O-ring material may be selected to provide electrical insulation.

[0055] Representative elastomeric materials include natural rubber, styrene-butadiene block copolymer, polyisoprene, polybutadiene, ethylene propylene rubber, ethylene propylene diene rubber, silicone, fluoroelastomer, polyurethane elastomer, nitrile, and the like, and combinations thereof. In one embodiment, the elastomeric material can be silicone. The elastomeric material can be a semi-rigid material. For example, the elastomeric material can be a 60-80 Shore A durometer material or a 65-75 Shore A durometer material, such as a 60 Shore A durometer, a 65 Shore A durometer, a 70 Shore A durometer, a 75 Shore A durometer, or an 80 Shore A durometer material. The elastomeric material can have a modulus of 1-1.5 g / cm. 3 , for example, 1.15 to 1.25 g / cm 3 The elastomer material may have a specific gravity of 300-400%, for example, 300-325%, 325-350%, 350-375%, or 375-400%. The elastomer material may have a tensile strength of 5-15 MPa, for example, 8-12 MPa, or 9.5-10.5 MPa. The elastomer material may have a tear strength of 12-24 KN / m, for example, 16-20 KN / m or 17-19 KN / m.

[0056] The seal for the assembly may generally be provided by compressing the O-ring 130 against the inner surface of the housing 100 on one side and the gasket 120 on the opposite side, or by compressing the O-ring portion 132 between the housing 100 and the end block 110. In certain embodiments, the seal for the assembly may be provided by combined compression of the O-ring 130 and the gasket 120, for example, when the lip 124 is located between the inner surface of the housing 100 and the edge 114 of the end block 110. The properties of the O-ring 130 and / or the gasket 120 may be selected to provide a desired or targeted sealing force between the O-ring 130 and the gasket 120. For example, the compression of the O-ring 130 and / or the gasket 120 may be 15-40%, e.g., 15-30%, 16-32%, or 18-26%. The thickness of the gasket 120, e.g., the thickness of the lip 124 or the groove 126, can be 0.02 to 0.1 inches, e.g., 0.02 to 0.04 inches, 0.04 to 0.06 inches, 0.06 to 0.08 inches, or 0.08 to 0.1 inches. The tubular diameter of the O-ring 130 can be 50 to 200% of the thickness of the groove 126, e.g., 50 to 75%, 75 to 100%, 100 to 150%, or 150 to 200%. Thus, the tubular diameter of the O-ring 130 can be 0.01 to 0.2 inches, e.g., 0.01 to 0.02 inches, 0.02 to 0.04 inches, 0.04 to 0.06 inches, 0.06 to 0.08 inches, 0.08 to 0.1 inches, 0.1 to 0.15 inches, or 0.15 to 0.2 inches.

[0057] The gasket 120 and, optionally, an integrated or stand-alone O-ring 130 can form a sealing assembly attachable to an end block 110, as shown in FIGS. 3A-3B. The end block 110 can be configured for use in a water treatment system 1000. Thus, the exemplary system 1000 shown in FIG. 6 can include at least one end block 110 sized to fit within a housing 100. For example, a face side 112 of the end block 110 can have an area sized to fit within the cross-sectional area of ​​the housing 100. In some embodiments, the system 1000 can include a first end block 110a and a second end block 110b. Each end block 110a, 110b can be positioned adjacent to a corresponding gasket 120a, 120b. Each gasket 120a, 120b can form an assembly with a corresponding O-ring 130a, 130b.

[0058] Opposite end blocks 110a, 110b may be located at opposite ends of a water treatment active area 160. In some embodiments, such as the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 6, the water treatment active area 160 may include a stack formed of a membrane 162 and a compartment 164. A gasket 120a, 120b may be located between the corresponding end block 110a, 110b and the water treatment active area 160. An O-ring 130a, 130b may be located between a lip 124 of the corresponding gasket 120a, 120b and the housing 100, e.g., an inner surface of the housing 100, to form a sealing assembly.

[0059] The end blocks 110a, 110b may be drawn together by a rod 102, e.g., a threaded rod. The rod 102 is held on the end blocks 110 by bolts 106 and may be insulated from the fluid flow by being positioned within a non-metallic sleeve 108, for example. The non-metallic sleeve 108 may guide the rod 102 through a rod hole 152 in the end blocks 110a, 110b and a corresponding rod hole 142 in the gaskets 120a, 120b.

[0060] The system 1000 may further include fluid pipes 104 for fluid communication with the active area of ​​the water treatment system 160. The fluid pipes 104 may pass through pipe holes 154 in the end blocks 110 a, 110 b and pipe holes 144 in the corresponding gaskets 120 a, 120 b. The fluid pipes 104 may conduct fluids, such as a feed stream, a product stream, and one or more reject streams, into and out of the system 1000.

[0061] The end block 110 may be sized to accommodate the gasket 120. For example, the end block 110 may include a contour sized to accommodate the gasket 120. In some embodiments, the end block 110 may include a contour on the edge 114 sized to accommodate the gasket 120. The contour of the end block 110 may be sized to accommodate the lip 124 or a portion of the lip 124 when the gasket 120 is assembled onto the end block 110. In some embodiments, the contour of the end block 110 may include one or more channels or slots sized to receive corresponding features of the gasket, such as a groove, tab, or O-ring portion. The corresponding features may form mating elements. The mating elements may couple a sealing assembly, such as the gasket 120, to the end block 110. Generally, the mating elements may be reversibly or temporarily coupled. However, in certain embodiments, the mating elements may be permanently coupled.

[0062] Thus, in some embodiments, a portion of the gasket 120, such as the lip 124, may be sized to correspond to the contours of the end block 110. In some embodiments, the lip 124 may include a groove 126 sized to correspond to the channel 116 in the end block 110, as shown in FIGS. 4B-4C and 5A-5B. In some embodiments, the O-ring portion 132 located on the lip 124 may correspond to the channel 116 in the end block 110, as shown in FIG. 4D. In some embodiments, the channel 116 may extend the entire length or a portion of the edge side 114. The length of the edge side 114 may be defined as the dimension along the perimeter or circumference of the end block 110 formed by the curved surface. The O-ring portion 132 or groove 126 may extend the entire length or a portion of the lip 124. The length of the lip 124 may be defined as the dimension along the perimeter or circumference of the gasket 120 when assembled onto the end block 110.

[0063] A portion of gasket 120 may be dimensioned to receive O-ring 130. Gasket 120 may include a channel dimensioned to receive O-ring 130. In some embodiments, groove 126, which is positioned and dimensioned to mate with channel 116 of end block 110, may also be dimensioned to receive O-ring 130 (FIGS. 5A-5B). Thus, in some embodiments, groove 126 may form a channel for receiving O-ring 130. In such embodiments, groove 126 may extend along the length of lip 124.

[0064] FIG. 4A is a rear view of an end block 110 having a sealing assembly including a gasket 120 and an O-ring 130 assembled thereon. FIG. 4B is a side view of the end block 110 and sealing assembly of FIG. 4A. The view in FIG. 4B shows a channel 116 on the edge 114 and a corresponding groove 126 on the lip 124. FIG. 4C is a partial enlarged view of the end block 110 and sealing assembly of FIG. 4B. FIG. 4C shows an enlarged view of the channel 116 and the corresponding groove 126. FIG. 4D is a similar partial enlarged view of the end block 110 and exemplary sealing assembly. However, in the embodiment of FIG. 4D, the gasket 120 includes an O-ring portion 132 integrated into the lip 124. The integrated O-ring portion 132 forms a groove corresponding to the channel 116. FIG. 5A is a side view of the end block 110 within the housing 100 and the sealing assembly formed by the gasket 120 and O-ring 130. FIG. 5B is a partial enlarged view of the end block 110 and sealing assembly of FIG. 5A.

[0065] 4B-4C and 5A-5B, the contours of end block 110, such as channel 116, may also be sized to receive O-ring 130 having groove 126. As shown in FIG. 4D, the contours of end block 110, such as channel 116, may also be sized to receive O-ring portion 132. O-ring portion 132 or O-ring 130 and groove 126 located in channel 116 may be compressed within channel 116 to form a seal when sealing assembly and end block 110 are positioned within housing 100.

[0066] In some embodiments, the sealing assembly may include multiple O-rings 130. Each O-ring 130 may be positioned in turn on the lip 124 of the gasket 120 to seal the gasket 120 to the end block 110. In such embodiments, the gasket 120 may include multiple channels dimensioned to receive the O-rings 130. For example, the gasket 120 may include multiple grooves 126. The gasket 120 may include multiple channels, grooves 126, or a combination thereof, each positioned to receive a corresponding O-ring 130. Further, in such embodiments, the end block 110 may include one or more channels 116. For example, the end block 110 may include one or more channels 116, each positioned and dimensioned to mate with a corresponding groove 126 and O-ring 130. In other embodiments, the gasket's channels or grooves 126 may be dimensioned to receive multiple O-rings 130. Similarly, the channel 116 of the end block 110 may be sized to receive one or more grooves 126 and a plurality of O-rings 130 .

[0067] The dimensions of the gasket channel or groove 126 can be selected to receive the O-ring 130 when the O-ring 130 is compressed, e.g., when the sealing assembly and end block 110 are positioned within the housing 100. In some embodiments, the cross-sectional area of ​​the gasket channel or groove 126 can be slightly larger than the tubular diameter of the O-ring 130 when uncompressed (FIG. 4C). In some embodiments, the depth or width of the channel or groove 126 is 1-100% larger than the tubular diameter of the O-ring 130, e.g., 1-10%, 10-25%, 25-50%, 50-75%, or 75-100% larger. Thus, in some embodiments, a gap is formed between the inner cross-sectional area of ​​the channel or groove 126 and the O-ring 130 when uncompressed.

[0068] In some embodiments, the tubular diameter of the O-ring 130 may be slightly larger than the depth of the gasket channel or groove 126. A portion of the O-ring 130 may extend outward from the gasket channel or groove 126 when the O-ring 130 is uncompressed, e.g., when the sealing assembly and end block 110 are not positioned within the housing 100. In some embodiments, the tubular diameter of the O-ring 130 may be 1-50% larger than the depth of the channel or groove 126, e.g., 1-5%, 5-10%, 10-15%, 15-20%, 20-30%, 30-40%, or 40-50% larger. Interference may form during installation between the portion of the O-ring 130 extending from the gasket channel or groove 126 and the inner surface of the housing 100, for example, as shown in FIG. 5B . The interference formed between the tubular diameter of the O-ring 130 and the inner surface of the housing 100 can be 0.01 to 0.1 inches, for example, 0.01 to 0.02 inches, 0.02 to 0.04 inches, 0.04 to 0.05 inches, 0.05 to 0.06 inches, 0.06 to 0.07 inches, 0.07 to 0.08 inches, or 0.08 to 0.1 inches.

[0069] In some embodiments, the edges of the housing 100 may be tapered to allow the O-ring 130 to remain within the gasket channel or groove 126 when the housing 100 is installed. For example, the tapered edges of the housing 100 may prevent the O-ring 130 from rolling out of the gasket channel or groove 126 when the housing 100 is installed.

[0070] Upon compression, for example, when the sealing assembly and end block 110 are installed within the housing 100, the O-ring 130 may be compressed within the volume of the gasket channel or groove 126 and may not extend substantially beyond the channel or groove 126. In some embodiments, further compression of the O-ring 130 may substantially fill the cross-sectional area of ​​the gasket channel or groove 126. However, compression of the O-ring 130 need not necessarily completely fill the cross-sectional area of ​​the channel or groove 126.

[0071] The dimensions of channel 116 can be selected to accommodate O-ring portion 132 or groove 126 and O-ring 130 when the sealing assembly is compressed, e.g., when sealing assembly and end block 110 are positioned within housing 100. In some embodiments, the cross-sectional area of ​​channel 116 or the depth of channel 116 can be slightly larger than the contour formed by O-ring portion 132 or groove 126 when uncompressed (FIG. 4C). In some embodiments, the depth of channel 116 is 1-100% larger than the depth of O-ring portion 132 or groove 126, e.g., 1-10%, 10-25%, 25-50%, 50-75%, or 75-100% larger. Thus, in some embodiments, a gap is formed between the cross-sectional area of ​​channel 116 and O-ring portion 132 or groove 126 when uncompressed. The clearance formed between the cross-sectional area of ​​the channel 116 and the O-ring portion 132 or groove 126 can be 0.01 to 0.1 inches, for example, 0.01 to 0.02 inches, 0.02 to 0.04 inches, 0.04 to 0.06 inches, 0.06 to 0.08 inches, or 0.08 to 0.1 inches.

[0072] In some embodiments, the dimensions of O-ring portion 132 can be selected to extend outward from channel 116 when the sealing assembly is uncompressed, e.g., when the sealing assembly and end block 110 are not positioned within housing 100. The dimensions of O-ring portion 132 can extend 1-50%, e.g., 1-5%, 5-10%, 10-15%, 15-20%, 20-30%, 30-40%, or 40-50%, from channel 116. During installation, an interference can form between the dimension of O-ring portion 132 extending from channel 116 and the inner surface of housing 100. The interference formed between the dimensions of the O-ring portion 132 and the inner surface of the housing 100 can be 0.01 to 0.1 inches, for example, 0.01 to 0.02 inches, 0.02 to 0.04 inches, 0.04 to 0.05 inches, 0.05 to 0.06 inches, 0.06 to 0.07 inches, 0.07 to 0.08 inches, or 0.08 to 0.1 inches.

[0073] In some embodiments, the edges of the housing 100 may be tapered to allow the O-ring portion 132 to remain coupled to the channel 116 during installation of the housing 100. For example, the tapered edges of the housing 100 may prevent the gasket 120 from lifting out of the channel 116 during installation of the housing 100.

[0074] Upon compression, for example, when sealing assembly and end block 110 are installed within housing 100, O-ring portion 132 or O-ring 130 and groove 126 may be compressed within the volume of channel 116 and may not extend substantially beyond channel 116. In some embodiments, further compression of O-ring portion 132 or O-ring 130 and groove 126 may substantially fill the cross-sectional area of ​​channel 116. However, compression of O-ring portion 132 or O-ring 130 and groove 126 need not completely fill the cross-sectional area of ​​channel 116.

[0075] The endblock 110 may additionally or alternatively include a contour sized to correspond to the distal end of the lip 124. In some embodiments, the lip 124 may include a tab 128 at its distal end sized to correspond to the slot 118 of the endblock 110, as shown in FIGS. 4B-4C and 5A-5B. The tab 128 may be a substantially solid fastener configured to mate with the slot 118. In some embodiments, the slot 118 may extend the entire length of the edge 114 or a portion of the length of the edge 114. The tab 128 may extend the entire length of the lip 124 or a portion of the length of the lip 124. While the tab 128 is shown located at the distal end of the lip 124, in certain embodiments, the gasket 120 may include a tab 128 located at a point along the length of the lip 124, other than at the distal end. The slot 118 may be positioned to mate with the tab 128.

[0076] In some embodiments, the gasket 120 may include multiple tabs 128 located along the lip 124. The end block 110 may include multiple slots 118. For example, the end block 110 may include a slot 118 located to mate with each tab 128. In other embodiments, the end block 110 may include slots 118 located and dimensioned to receive multiple tabs 128.

[0077] In some embodiments, tab 128 may substantially fill the volume of slot 118. For example, tab 128 may have a cross-sectional area substantially equal to the cross-sectional area of ​​slot 118 ( FIG. 5B ). In other embodiments, the dimensions of slot 118 may be selected to receive tab 128 when gasket 120 is compressed, e.g., when sealing assembly and end block 110 are positioned within the housing. In some embodiments, the cross-sectional area of ​​slot 118 may be slightly larger than the cross-sectional area of ​​tab 128 when uncompressed. Further compression of gasket 120 may nearly fill the cross-sectional area of ​​slot 118. Notably, upon compression, tab 128 may be compressed within the volume of slot 118 and not substantially extend beyond slot 118.

[0078] In some embodiments, tab 128 may be sized to fit into slot 118. For example, tab 128 may require the use of force to couple to slot 118. In some embodiments, the proximal end of tab 128 adjacent the body of lip 124 may be slightly narrower than the distal end of tab 128 (FIG. 5B). Additionally or alternatively, the edge of slot 118 adjacent the opening may be slightly narrower than the bottom of slot 118 (FIG. 5B). Thus, in some embodiments, tab 128 may require the use of force to uncouple from slot 118. In other embodiments, tab 128 may be permanently coupled to slot 118.

[0079] In some embodiments, as shown in FIGS. 4B-4C and 5A-5B, at least a portion of the edge 114 of the end block 110 may be tapered. A portion of the edge 114 may taper toward the back side 113 of the end block 110. For example, a portion of the end block 110 may narrow toward the back side 113. Thus, in some embodiments, a portion of the edge 114 may taper away from the face side 112. In some embodiments, the tapered portion of the edge 114 may be located outside the channel 116, e.g., between the channel 116 and the back side 113, as shown in FIG. 5B. Thus, in some embodiments, the channel 116 may be located in a straight or non-tapered portion of the edge 114. In some embodiments, the slot 118 may be located in the tapered portion of the edge 114 of the end block 110.

[0080] The tapered portion of the edge 114 of the end block 110 may allow the sealing assembly to remain coupled to the end block 110 during installation of the housing 100. For example, the tapered portion of the edge 114 may prevent the gasket 120 from curling up from the end block 110 or from getting caught on the housing 100 during installation of the housing 100. The tapered portion of the edge 114 may prevent the O-ring 130 from rolling out of the gasket channel or groove 126 during installation of the housing 100.

[0081] The tapered portion of the edge 114 may also be dimensioned to maintain tension in the gasket 120 when coupled to the end block 110. For example, the tapered portion may cause a portion of the lip 124 of the gasket 120 to slope toward the face 122 of the gasket 120 when the gasket 120 is assembled onto the end block 110, as shown in Figures 5A-5B. The tapered portion of the edge 114 may be 5-10 degrees, 10-20 degrees, 15-25 degrees, 15-30 degrees, 25-40 degrees, 30-45 degrees, 35-45 degrees, 40-50 degrees, or any angle within these ranges.

[0082] The systems disclosed herein may typically operate at elevated pressures and / or high flow rates. Accordingly, in some embodiments, components of the system 1000, such as the sealing assembly and end block 110, may be rated to withstand high static pressures during operation. In some embodiments, the sealing assembly and end block 110 may be rated to withstand high internal pressure drops, high sustained inlet pressures, and / or high maximum inlet pressures during operation. Components of the system 1000, such as the sealing assembly and end block 110, may be rated to withstand high flow rates, such as high inlet flow rates. The dimensions of the components of the system 1000 may be selected to withstand elevated pressures and / or high flow rates. The materials and construction of the components of the system 1000 may be selected to withstand elevated pressures and / or high flow rates. In particular, the dimensions, materials, and construction of the components of the system 1000 may be selected to withstand elevated pressures and / or high flow rates when assembled.

[0083] In some embodiments, the dimensions, materials, and construction of components of the system 1000, such as components of the sealing assembly, such as the gasket 120 (e.g., face 122 and / or lip 124), O-ring 130, and / or end block 110, may be rated to withstand a static pressure of 80-200 psi, e.g., 100-180 psi, 140-180 psi, at least 80 psi, at least 100 psi, at least 140 psi, at least 180 psi, up to 180 psi, or up to 200 psi during operation.

[0084] In some embodiments, the dimensions, materials, and construction of components of the system 1000, such as components of the sealing assembly, such as the gasket 120 (e.g., face 122 and / or lip 124), O-ring 130, and / or end block 110, are designed to provide a flow rate of at least 25 gpm (5.68 m) during operation. 3 / h), at least 30 gpm (6.81 m 3 / h), at least 50 gpm (11.36 m 3 / h), at least 65 gpm (14.76 m 3 / h), at least 80 gpm (18.17 m 3 / h), at least 100 gpm (22.71 m 3 / h), e.g., 25 gpm (5.68 m 3 / h) ~ 80 gpm (18.17 m 3 / h) or 30 gpm (6.81 m 3 / h) ~ 100 gpm (22.71 m 3 / h), or any flow rate within those ranges.

[0085] Disclosed herein are methods for retrofitting water treatment systems. Existing water treatment systems, such as electrochemical water treatment systems, that include a pressurized vessel can be retrofitted by providing one or more components disclosed herein. The method can include providing a sealing assembly. For example, the method can include providing a sealing assembly including a gasket 120 having a face 122 and a lip 124. In some embodiments, the method can include providing an O-ring 130. In some embodiments, the method can include providing an end block 110 having a contour sized to receive a portion of the gasket 120, such as a portion of the lip 124.

[0086] The method may further include providing instructions for mounting the sealing assembly adjacent to and / or on the end block 110. For example, the method may include providing instructions for mounting the face 122 of the gasket 120 in contact with the end block 110, e.g., the face side 112 of the end block 110. The method may include providing instructions for positioning the lip 124 on the outer edge of the end block 110. Additionally, the method may include providing instructions for coupling a portion of the lip 124 to the end block 110, e.g., for coupling the groove 126 and / or tab 128 of the lip 124 to the channel 116 and / or slot 118, respectively, of the end block 110. The method may include providing instructions for mounting the O-ring 130 adjacent to the lip 124, e.g., within the channel or groove 126 of the lip 124. The method may include providing instructions for coupling the end block 110 with the sealing assembly to the water treatment active area 160 and mounting the housing 100 over the assembled components. [Example]

[0087] The function and advantages of these and other embodiments can be better understood from the following examples, which are intended to be illustrative and not limiting of the scope of the invention.

[0088] Example 1: Test Assembly Procedure Two end blocks were secured to the stack of alternating membranes and compartments with rods and bolts. In the first test, the stack contained 10 cell pairs (Figures 7A-7C). In the second test, the stack contained 50 cell pairs (Figures 8A-8C). A sealing assembly containing a gasket and O-ring was installed on each end block.

[0089] An exemplary sealing assembly was formed from Xiameter™ RBB-2003-70 silicone rubber (supplied by Dow® Chemical Company, Midland, Michigan). Silicone rubber is typically vulcanized with a rubber additive. One exemplary rubber additive is SILASTIC™ RC-4 50P FD rubber additive (supplied by Dow® Chemical Company, Midland, Michigan), which may be combined with silicone rubber in a ratio of, for example, 1:100 to form a finished material prior to molding or extrusion. Silicone rubber may be pigmented. The finished silicone rubber has a specific gravity of 1.21 g / cm. 3 The composite had a Shore A durometer of 70-74 (per ASTM D792), a Shore A durometer of 70-74 (per ASTM D2240), an elongation of 380% (per ASTM D412), a tear strength of 18.0 kN / m (per ASTM D624 DIE B), a tensile strength of 10.0 MPa (per ASTM D412), and a compression of 25% at 177°C (351°F) for 22 hours (per ASTM D395). These properties were achieved using 1.0 phr of SILASTIC™ RC-4 50P FD rubber additive in a 2 mm thick slab, press-cured at 170°C for 10 minutes, and pre-cured at 200°C for 4 hours.

[0090] Gaskets were then molded from the finished silicone rubber. The gaskets were designed with grooves sized to leave a 0.05 inch gap between the groove and the end block channel. The O-rings were designed to provide 0.056 to 0.065 inch interference between the housing and the O-ring.

[0091] A 10-cell stack with end blocks and sealing assemblies was pressurized to 3900 psi in a vertical position (Figure 7A), then positioned horizontally (Figure 7B) and pressed into the housing (Figure 7C). Similarly, a 50-cell stack with end blocks and sealing assemblies was pressurized to 3900 psi in a vertical position (Figure 8A), then positioned horizontally (Figure 8B) and pressed into the housing (Figure 8C). No damage occurred to the gaskets during installation. All procedures were performed at room temperature (ambient temperature), e.g., 20-25 °C.

[0092] Thus, a variety of cell stack configurations can be accurately and efficiently assembled into electrochemical cells with end blocks and sealing assemblies.

[0093] (Example 2: Static Pressure Test) Static pressure tests were conducted on the electrochemical cell of Example 1. Ten-cell and fifty-cell stacks were set up with end blocks and sealing assemblies, as shown in Figures 7A-7C and 8A-8C, respectively. Fluid pipes were connected to the electrochemical cell through the first end block, as shown in Figure 9A. A pressure gauge was attached to the back of the opposite end block, as shown in Figures 9B-9C. The test procedure was performed at room temperature (ambient temperature), e.g., 20-25°C.

[0094] The 10-cell stack system was operated at 50 psi for 5 minutes, 100 psi for 20 minutes, and 140 psi for 5 minutes. At each pressure, the system passed the static pressure test, and no leaks were detected. The pressure was then increased to 180 psi, and no leaks were detected. The test was then stopped, and the cell stack with end blocks and sealing assembly was removed from the housing. A 360° inspection of the sealing assembly was performed. The sealing assembly after the static pressure test is shown in Figures 10A-10B. As shown in the photographs, some damage occurred to the O-rings and gaskets. However, no leaks were detected during the test, and the system was deemed to have passed the test.

[0095] The 50-cell stack system was operated at 100 psi for 15 minutes. No leaks were detected and the system was deemed to have passed the test.

[0096] Thus, the sealing assembly has been shown to maintain sealing integrity even under elevated pressures in excess of 100 psi, such as 140 psi and 180 psi.

[0097] (Example 3: Durability Life Cycle Test) A durability life cycle test was conducted on the 50-cell stack electrochemical cell system of Example 1. The 50-cell stack was set up with end blocks and sealing assemblies as shown in Figures 8A-8C. Fluid pipes were connected to the electrochemical cell through the first end block as shown in Figure 9A. A pressure gauge was attached to the back of the opposite end block as shown in Figures 9B-9C. The test procedure was performed at room temperature (ambient temperature), e.g., 20-25°C.

[0098] The electrochemical cell system was run for an increasing number of cycles as shown in Table 1. No leaks were detected and the system was deemed to have passed the test.

[0099] [Table 1]

[0100] Thus, the sealing assembly has been shown to maintain sealing integrity over the system life of, for example, at least 50,000 cycles, 50,000-65,000 cycles, and at least 65,000 cycles.

[0101] Example 4: Repeated attachment test Two end blocks were secured to the stack of alternating membranes and compartments with rods and bolts. A sealing assembly including a gasket and an O-ring was installed on each end block. The assembly was installed in a housing and subjected to three repeated installation and removal cycles. For installation, the assembly was pushed into the cylindrical housing through the circular opening in a first direction. For removal, the assembly was pulled out of the cylindrical housing through the circular opening in a second direction opposite the first direction. The test procedure was performed at room temperature (ambient temperature), e.g., 20-25°C. Diagrams of the repeated installation test are shown in Figures 11A-11C.

[0102] During the first installation and removal (Figure 11A), damage was observed to the O-ring, but not to the gasket. The O-ring was then replaced. During the second and third installations and removals (Figures 11B-11C), no damage was observed to either the O-ring or the gasket. Therefore, the sealing assembly was deemed to have passed the repeated installation test. Furthermore, the sealing assembly was shown to have easily replaceable parts even if damage to one or more parts occurs during installation or removal.

[0103] Example 5: Simulated Total Deformation, Contact Pressure, and Equivalent Elastic Strain The installation of an electrochemical cell into a housing was simulated. The simulated system included an end block and a sealing assembly (gasket and O-ring). The end block in the simulation had a channel and tapered edges sized to accommodate the gasket groove and O-ring.

[0104] During the simulation, a surface representing the housing was moved over the end block and sealing assembly, and installation into the housing was simulated. The simulated sealing assembly is shown in FIG. 12A before installation and in FIG. 12B after installation. As shown in FIG. 12B, the channel is sized to receive the gasket groove and O-ring when the O-ring is compressed by the housing. Also shown in FIG. 12B, the tapered edges of the end block allow the sealing assembly to remain coupled to the end block during installation into the housing.

[0105] Additionally, the maximum pressure of the O-ring at the housing contact location (top) and gasket contact location (bottom) after installation, as well as the maximum pressure of the gasket at the O-ring contact location (top) and end-block contact location (bottom) were determined (Table 2, Figures 13A-13B). The maximum strain of the O-ring after installation (Figure 13C) was found to be 0.15 in / in, and the maximum strain of the gasket after installation (Figure 13D) was found to be 0.51 in / in.

[0106] [Table 2]

[0107] As shown in Table 2, the maximum pressure of the O-ring at the top (against the housing) is greater than the maximum pressure of the O-ring at the bottom (against the gasket).

[0108] This result was compared to the maximum pressure and strain experienced by an O-ring installed in a conventional system. In the simulated conventional system, the gasket has a face but no lip. As a result, the gasket is not compressed by the housing, and the O-ring does not contact any point on the gasket. Instead, in the conventional system, the top of the O-ring contacts the housing, while the bottom of the O-ring contacts the end block (Figure 14A). The maximum pressure of the O-ring in the comparative conventional system is shown in Table 3 and Figure 14B. The maximum strain of the comparative O-ring after installation (Figure 14C) was found to be 0.17 in / in.

[0109] [Table 3]

[0110] Therefore, installation of a sealing assembly including a gasket and an O-ring with a lip results in both a greater maximum pressure of the O-ring against the housing and a greater maximum pressure of the O-ring against the end block compared to installation of a sealing assembly including a gasket without a lip. Furthermore, the maximum strain of the O-ring in a sealing assembly including a gasket with a lip is smaller than the maximum strain of the O-ring in a sealing assembly including a gasket without a lip. After installation of a sealing assembly including a gasket with a lip, the maximum pressure of the O-ring is more favorably distributed. Therefore, a sealing assembly including a gasket and an O-ring with a lip provides better sealing performance, reducing risks in an electrochemical separation module and improving the operating efficiency of the electrochemical separation module.

[0111] The phrases and terms used herein are for descriptive purposes and should not be construed as limiting. As used herein, the term "plurality" refers to two or more items or components. Terms such as "comprise," "include," "have," "have," "contain," and "involve," in the specification or claims, are open-ended terms meaning "including, but not limited to." Thus, the use of these terms is intended to encompass the subsequently listed items and their equivalents, as well as additional items. With respect to the claims, only "consisting of" and "consisting essentially of" are closed or semi-closed transitional phrases, respectively. The use of ordinal numbers such as "first," "second," and "third" to modify claim elements in the claims does not, in and of itself, imply that one claim element has a priority, precedence, or order in which method actions are performed relative to other claim elements, but is used merely as a label to distinguish one claim element having a particular name from another element having the same name (but using an ordinal number).

[0112] Having described several aspects of at least one embodiment, it will be appreciated that various changes, modifications, and improvements will readily occur to those skilled in the art. Features described in any embodiment may be included in, or substituted for, any feature of any other embodiment. Such changes, modifications, and improvements are intended to be part of this disclosure and within the scope of the invention. Accordingly, the foregoing description and drawings are by way of example only.

[0113] Those skilled in the art should understand that the parameters and configurations described herein are exemplary, and that the actual parameters and / or configurations will depend on the particular application in which the disclosed methods and materials are used. Those skilled in the art should also understand that they will be able to recognize or identify, using no more than routine experimentation, equivalents to the specific embodiments disclosed herein.

Claims

1. 1. A system for water treatment, comprising: Housing and at least one end block sized to be positioned within the housing; a gasket having a face and a lip extending from the face, the face sized to be positioned between the end block and the active area of ​​the water treatment, and the lip sized to be positioned over an outer edge of the end block adjacent the housing to form a seal.

2. The system of claim 1 , further comprising an O-ring sized to be positioned adjacent the lip.

3. The system of claim 2 , wherein the end block includes a contour sized to receive a portion of the lip.

4. The system of claim 3 , wherein the contour of the end block is sized to receive the portion of the lip and the O-ring when the O-ring is compressed.

5. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the gasket and O-ring are rated to withstand a static pressure of at least 100 psi during operation.

6. The system of claim 5, wherein the O-ring has a compression rate of between 15% and 40% when the gasket and O-ring are positioned within the housing.

7. The system of claim 1 , wherein the endblock comprises a contour sized to correspond to a distal end of the lip.

8. The system of claim 7 , wherein at least a portion of the edge of the end block is tapered.

9. 1. A system for water treatment, comprising: Housing and at least one end block sized to be positioned within the housing; a gasket having a face and a lip extending from the face, the face sized to be positioned between an interior of the end block and the water treatment active area, the lip sized to be positioned over an outer edge of the end block; an O-ring sized to be positioned between the lip and the interior of the housing; A system for water treatment, wherein the gaskets and O-rings are rated to withstand a static pressure of at least 100 psi during operation.

10. The system of claim 9 , wherein the O-ring is integral with the gasket.

11. The system of claim 9 , wherein the O-ring is separate from the gasket.

12. the end block includes a contour sized to receive a portion of the lip and the O-ring when the O-ring is compressed; The system of claim 11.

13. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the gasket and O-ring are rated to withstand a static pressure of at least 180 psi during operation.

14. A sealing assembly for a water treatment system comprising: a gasket having a face and a lip extending from the face, the face being dimensioned to be positioned in contact with an end block, and the lip being dimensioned to be positioned over an outer edge of the end block.

15. The sealing assembly of claim 14 further comprising an O-ring sized to rest adjacent the lip.

16. The sealing assembly of claim 15, wherein a portion of the lip is sized to correspond to a contour of the end block.

17. The sealing assembly of claim 16, wherein the portion of the lip is sized to receive the O-ring when the O-ring is compressed.

18. The sealing assembly of claim 15, wherein the O-ring is formed from an elastomeric material.

19. The sealing assembly of claim 14 , wherein the gasket is formed from an elastomeric material.

20. The sealing assembly of claim 19, wherein the gasket comprises an O-ring integral with the lip.

21. The sealing assembly of claim 14 , wherein the distal end of the lip is sized to correspond to a contour of the endblock.

22. 1. A method of retrofitting an electrochemical separation device having an end block and a housing, comprising: Providing the sealing assembly of any one of claims 14 to 21; and providing instructions to place the face of the gasket in contact with the end block and position the lip over an outer edge of the end block.

23. 23. The method of claim 22, further comprising providing the endblock with a contour sized to correspond to a portion of the lip.

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