Distancing using biometric information

Abstract

Techniques are provided for authenticating users based on distance measurement and biometric information. An exemplary method for transmitting a distance measurement signal from a mobile device includes receiving biometric information from a user using the mobile device, generating a distance measurement signal containing instructions for the biometric information using the mobile device, and transmitting the distance measurement signal using the mobile device.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] (Cross - Reference to Related Applications)

[0001] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Patent Application No. 18 / 160,756, filed January 27, 2023, titled "RANGING WITH BIOMETRIC INFORMATION", which has been assigned to the assignee of this application and is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety for all purposes.

Background Art

[0002]

[0002] The use of wireless devices has become common in many daily activities. Modern wireless devices can utilize one or more wireless communication technologies. For example, a wireless device can communicate using short - range communication technologies such as WiFi technology, Bluetooth technology, ultra - wideband (UWB) technology, millimeter - wave (mmWave) technology, etc. The use of short - range communication technologies such as WiFi and Bluetooth in wireless devices has become far more common in recent years and is frequently used in retail, offices, homes, cars, manufacturing operations, and public gathering places. The larger bandwidth of UWB devices can be beneficial for ranging protocols used in high - security applications such as digital keys. Some ranging messaging may be vulnerable to over - the - air attacks to spoof the time - of - arrival estimates. There is a need to improve ranging security for wireless devices to support multiple use cases.

Summary of the Invention

[0003]

[0003] An exemplary method for transmitting a ranging signal from a mobile device according to the present disclosure includes receiving biometric information associated with a user using the mobile device, generating a ranging signal including an indication of the biometric information using the mobile device, and transmitting the ranging signal using the mobile device.

[0004]

[0004] An exemplary method of authenticating a user of a mobile device using distance measurement and biometric information provided herein includes receiving biometric information about a user of a mobile device, determining the distance to the mobile device, and authenticating the user and the distance to the mobile device based at least in part on the biometric information.

[0005]

[0005] An exemplary method for mapping biometric information to a ranging session according to the present disclosure includes receiving biometric information associated with a user via one or more biosensors at a first time; authenticating the user based on the biometric information; acquiring one or more radio frequency signals transmitted from a mobile device associated with the user in the vicinity of the first time; and storing one or more radio frequency signals and signal information associated with the mobile device.

[0006]

[0006] Items and / or techniques described herein may provide one or more of the following capabilities, as well as other capabilities not mentioned herein: Wireless devices may be configured to exchange positioning signals to determine the distance between devices (e.g., based on time-of-flight measurements) and to determine their bearings to each other (e.g., based on angle-of-arrival measurements). Biometric information may be obtained from a user and used in radio frequency (RF) ranging exchange. Biometric information may be provided to a certification authority via out-of-band communication. Biometric information may be included in ranging packets. Biometric information may be provided at an access point at the same time as obtaining RF ranging measurements. A mapping may be generated between biometric information and RF ranging measurements. Subsequent access may be granted to the user based on the RF ranging measurements and the mapping information. RF ranging information may be used to predict the entry point. Security of radio frequency ranging sessions may be improved. Other capabilities may be provided, and not all implementations of this disclosure must provide any, much less, of the capabilities discussed. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0007] [Figure 1]

[0007] This is a block diagram of an exemplary wireless local area network (WLAN). [Figure 2]

[0008] This is a block diagram of the components of an exemplary wireless device. [Figure 3A]

[0009] This is a block diagram of the components of an example access point. [Figure 3B]

[0010] This is a block diagram of the components of an exemplary ultra-wideband (UWB) device. [Figure 4]

[0011] This is a block diagram of an exemplary communication module with multiple transceivers. [Figure 5]

[0012] Figures 5A and 5B include exemplary message flow diagrams used for Enhanced Ranging Devices (ERDEVs). [Figure 6]

[0013] This is an example diagram of a ranging block for use in a UWB ranging session. [Figure 7]

[0014] This is a diagram illustrating an exemplary physical protocol data unit (PPDU) frame configuration incorporating a synchronization preamble for distance measurement. [Figure 8A]

[0015] This is an exemplary diagram of signal exchange for UWB ranging. [Figure 8B]

[0016] This is an example diagram of the angle of arrival for a UWB signal. [Figure 9]

[0017] This is a message flow diagram of an exemplary ranging session in Wi-Fi. [Figure 10]

[0018] A block diagram of a process for generating a pseudo-random number based on the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES). [Figure 11]

[0019] A diagram of an exemplary signal exchange for ranging using biometric information. [Figure 12]

[0020] A diagram of an exemplary use case of an access point including a biosensor and a ranging signal. [Figure 13]

[0021] An exemplary packet configuration for UWB ranging using biometric information. [Figure 14]

[0022] An exemplary process flow for authenticating a user using ranging and biometric information. [Figure 15]

[0023] An exemplary process flow for mapping between biometric information and a ranging session. [Figure 16]

[0024] An exemplary process flow for authenticating a user based on the mapping between biometric information and a ranging session. [Figure 17]

[0025] An exemplary process flow for transmitting a ranging signal from a mobile device. [[ID=​​​​​This specification discusses techniques for authenticating a user based on ranging and biometric information. A wireless device can be configured to determine the distance between devices based on exchanging radio frequency (RF) signals. Cellular, WiFi, Bluetooth, sidelink, ultra-wideband (UWB), and other wireless technologies can utilize ranging signals such as positioning reference signals (PRS), fine timing messages (FTM), and other time scheduling techniques or contention-free techniques to determine the relative distance between stations. For example, wireless positioning technology can be utilized to provide accurate relative positioning between devices within a limited distance. Two wireless devices can be configured to exchange RF signals to determine the time-of-flight (ToF) and angle-of-arrival (AoA) information of the RF signals. However, during operation, some wireless ranging techniques may be vulnerable to over-the-air attacks to tamper with the ToA estimate. The techniques provided in this specification can utilize biometric information in combination with in-band communication and / or out-of-band communication to enhance the security of wireless ranging messages. In one example, biometric information associated with a user of a mobile device can be provided to a target station during a ranging control phase. The biometric information can be included in messages in the ranging measurement exchange. In one example, the correlation between biometric information and ranging information can be determined at an access point, and subsequent access can be permitted based on the ranging information. These techniques and configurations are examples, and other techniques and configurations may be used.

[0009]

[0027] The following description is illustrative and does not limit the scope, applicability, or examples described in the claims. Modifications may be made to the function and arrangement of the elements discussed without departing from the scope of this disclosure. Various examples may omit, substitute, or add various procedures or components as needed. For example, the methods described may be carried out in an order different from that described, and various steps may be added, omitted, or combined. Also, features described in some examples may be combined in other examples.

[0010]

[0028] Referring to Figure 1, the block diagram shows an example of a WLAN network 100, such as a network implementing the IEEE 802.11 and IEEE 802.15 family standards. The WLAN network 100 may include an access point (AP) 105 and one or more wireless devices 110 or stations (STAs) 110, such as mobile stations, head-mounted devices (HMDs), personal digital assistants (PDAs), asset tracking devices, other handheld devices, netbooks, notebook computers, tablet computers, laptops, display devices (e.g., televisions, computer monitors, etc.), printers, IoT devices, asset tags, key fobs, vehicles, etc. The AP 105 and wireless devices 110 may be WiFi, Bluetooth, and / or UWB-enabled devices. Although one AP 105 is shown, the WLAN network 100 may have multiple APs 105. Each of the wireless devices 110, which may also be called mobile stations (MSs), mobile devices, access terminals (ATs), user equipment (UE), subscriber stations (SSs), or subscriber units, can associate with and communicate with AP 105 via a communication link 115. Each AP 105 has a geographical coverage area 125, thereby allowing wireless devices 110 within that area to communicate with AP 105, typically. The wireless devices 110 can be distributed across the entire geographical coverage area 125. Each wireless device 110 may be fixed or mobile.

[0011]

[0029] A wireless device 110 may be covered by two or more APs 105 and therefore can be associated with one or more APs 105 at different times. A single AP 105 and its associated station set may be called a basic service set (BSS). An extended service set (ESS) is a set of connected BSSs. A distribution system (DS) is used to connect APs 105 within an extended service set. The geographical coverage area 125 of an access point 105 may be divided into sectors that constitute a portion of the coverage area. A WLAN network 100 may include different types of access points 105 (e.g., metropolitan area network, home network, etc.) with different coverage area sizes for different technologies and overlapping coverage areas. In other examples, other wireless devices may communicate with the APs 105.

[0012]

[0030] Wireless devices 110 can communicate with each other through AP 105 using communication link 115, while each wireless device 110 can also communicate directly with one or more other wireless devices 110 via direct wireless link 120. Two or more wireless devices 110 can communicate via direct wireless link 120 if both wireless devices 110 are within the AP's geographical coverage area 125, or if one or both of the wireless devices 110 are not within the AP's geographical coverage area 125. Examples of direct wireless link 120 may include Wi-Fi Direct connection, connection established using Wi-Fi Tunnel Direct Link Setup (TDLS) link, 5G-NR sidelink, PC5, UWB, Bluetooth, and other P2P group connections. In these examples, wireless devices 110 can communicate according to WLAN radio and baseband protocols, including physical and MAC layers from IEEE 802.11 and IEEE 802.15, and various versions thereof. For example, one or more of the wireless devices 110 and AP105 may be configured to utilize WiFi signals, Bluetooth signals, and / or UWB signals for communication and / or positioning applications.

[0013]

[0031] See also Figure 2, the UE200 is an example of a wireless device 110 and comprises a computing platform including a processor 210, memory 211 containing software (SW) 212, one or more sensors 213, a transceiver interface 214 for transceivers 215 (including one or more wireless transceivers such as a first wireless transceiver 240a, a second wireless transceiver 240b, and optionally a wired transceiver 250), a user interface 216, a satellite positioning system (SPS) receiver 217, a camera 218, and a position (motion) device 219. The processor 210, memory 211, sensor(s) 213, transceiver interface 214, user interface 216, SPS receiver 217, camera 218, and position (motion) device 219 may be coupled to each other communicatively by a bus 220 (which may be configured, for example, for optical and / or telecommunications). One or more of the devices shown (e.g., camera 218, position (motion) device 219, and / or sensor(s) 213, etc.) may be omitted from the UE200. The processor 210 may include one or more hardware devices, such as a central processing unit (CPU), a microcontroller, or an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC). The processor 210 may comprise multiple processors, including a general-purpose / application processor 230, a digital signal processor (DSP) 231, a modem processor 232, a video processor 233, and / or a sensor processor 234. One or more of the processors 230-234 may comprise multiple devices (e.g., multiple processors). For example, the sensor processor 234 may comprise processors for radio frequency (RF) sensing and ultrasound. The modem processor 232 may support dual SIM / dual connectivity (and even more SIMs).For example, one SIM (Subscriber ID Module or Subscriber Identification Module) may be used by an Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM), and another SIM may be used by an end user of the UE200 for connectivity. Memory 211 is a non-temporary storage medium that may include random access memory (RAM), flash memory, disk memory, and / or read-only memory (ROM). Memory 211 stores software (which may also include firmware) 212, which may be processor-readable, processor-executable software code containing instructions, which, when executed, cause the processor 210 to perform various functions described herein. Alternatively, software 212 may not be directly executable by the processor 210, but may be configured, for example, to cause the processor 210 to perform functions when compiled and executed. When this specification refers to the processor 210 performing functions, this includes other implementations, such as when the processor 210 executes software and / or firmware. This specification may refer to processor 210 performing a function as an abbreviation for one or more of processors 230-234 performing a function. This specification may refer to UE200 performing a function as an abbreviation for one or more appropriate components of UE200 performing a function. Processor 210 may include, in addition to and / or instead of memory 211, memory in which instructions are stored. The functions of processor 210 will be discussed in more detail below.

[0014]

[0032] The configuration of the UE200 shown in Figure 2 is an example and does not limit the present disclosure, including the claims, and other configurations are available. For example, an exemplary configuration of the UE includes one or more processors 230-234 of the processor 210, memory 211, and wireless transceivers 240a-240b. Other exemplary configurations include one or more processors 230-234 of the processor 210, memory 211, wireless transceivers 240a-240b, one or more sensors 213, user interface 216, SPS receiver 217, camera 218, PMD 219, and / or wired transceiver 250. Other configurations may not include all of the components of the UE200. For example, an IoT device may include more wireless transceivers 240a-240b, memory 211, and a general-purpose processor 230. A multilink device may simultaneously utilize a first wireless transceiver 240a on a first link using a first frequency band and a second wireless transceiver 240b on a second link using a second frequency band. Additional transceivers may be used for additional links, frequency bands, and wireless access technologies.

[0015]

[0033] The UE200 may include a modem processor 232 capable of performing baseband processing on signals received and downconverted by the transceiver 215 and / or the SPS receiver 217. The modem processor 232 may perform baseband processing on signals to be upconverted for transmission by the transceiver 215. Alternatively, baseband processing may be performed by a general-purpose processor 230 and / or the DSP 231. However, other configurations may be used to perform baseband processing.

[0016]

[0034] The UE200 may include one or more sensors 213, which may include, for example, an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) 270, one or more magnetometers 271, and / or one or more environmental sensors 272. The IMU 270 may comprise one or more inertial sensors, for example, one or more accelerometers 273 (e.g., collectively responding to the acceleration of the UE200 in three dimensions) and / or one or more gyroscopes 274. The magnetometers may provide measurements for determining orientation (e.g., relative to magnetic north and / or true north), which may be used for any of a variety of purposes, for example, to support one or more compass applications. The environmental sensors 272 may comprise, for example, one or more temperature sensors, one or more barometric pressure sensors, one or more ambient light sensors, one or more camera imagers, and / or one or more microphones, etc. The sensor(s) 213 may generate analog and / or digital signals, and the instructions of the analog and / or digital signals may be stored in memory 211 and processed by DSP 231 and / or general-purpose processor 230 which support one or more applications, such as applications targeting positioning and / or navigation operations.

[0017]

[0035] Sensor(s) 213 may be used in relative location measurement, relative location determination, motion determination, etc. Information detected by sensor(s) 213 may be used for motion detection, relative displacement, dead reckoning, sensor-based location determination, and / or sensor-assisted location determination. Sensor(s) 213 may be useful for determining whether UE200 is stationary or mobile. In another example, with respect to relative positioning information, the sensor / IMU can be used to determine the angle and / or orientation of other devices relative to UE200, etc.

[0018]

[0036] The IMU 270 may be configured to provide measurements of the direction and / or velocity of motion of the UE 200, which can be used in relative location determination. For example, one or more accelerometers 273 and / or one or more gyroscopes 274 of the IMU 270 may detect the linear acceleration and rotational velocity of the UE 200, respectively. The measurements of the linear acceleration and rotational velocity of the UE 200 may be integrated over time to determine the instantaneous direction and displacement of the UE 200's motion. The instantaneous direction and displacement of motion may be integrated to track the location of the UE 200. For example, at a given moment, the reference location of the UE 200 may be determined, for example, using the SPS receiver 217 (and / or by some other means), and measurements from the accelerometer(s) 273 and gyroscope(s) 274 obtained after this moment may be used in dead reckoning to determine the current location of the UE 200 based on the movement (direction and distance) of the UE 200 relative to the reference location.

[0019]

[0037] The magnetometer(s) 271 may determine the magnetic field strength in different directions, which may be used to determine the orientation of the UE200. For example, the orientation may be used to provide the UE200 with a digital compass. The magnetometer(s) 271 may include a two-dimensional magnetometer configured to detect and provide indications of the magnetic field strength in two orthogonal dimensions. Alternatively, the magnetometer(s) 271 may include a three-dimensional magnetometer configured to detect and provide indications of the magnetic field strength in three orthogonal dimensions. The magnetometer(s) 271 may provide means for sensing the magnetic field and providing indications of the magnetic field to, for example, the processor 210.

[0020]

[0038] Transceiver 215 may include wireless transceivers 240a-240b and wired transceiver 250 configured to communicate with other devices via wireless and wired connections, respectively. In one example, each of the wireless transceivers 240a-240b may include their respective transmitters 242a-242b and receivers 244a-244b, each of which transmits and / or receives wireless signals 248a-248b and is coupled to one or more respective antennas 246a-246b for converting the signals from wireless signals 248a-248b to wired (e.g., electrical and / or optical) signals and from wired (e.g., electrical and / or optical) signals to wireless signals 248a-248b. Therefore, transmitters 242a to 242b may be the same transmitter, or may include multiple transmitters that may be individual components or composite / integrated components, and / or receivers 244a to 244b may be the same receiver, or may include multiple receivers that may be individual components or composite / integrated components.Wireless transceivers 240a~240b support various wireless access technologies such as 5G New Radio (NR), GSM (Global System for Mobiles), UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System), AMPS (Advanced Mobile Phone System), CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access), WCDMA (Wideband CDMA), LTE (Long-Term Evolution), LTE Direct (LTE-D), 3GPP LTE-V2X (PC5), IEEE 802.11 (including IEEE 802.11 ax and 802.11 be), WiFi, WiFi Direct (WiFi-D), Bluetooth®, IEEE 802.15 (UWB), and Zigbee. The wired transceiver 250 may be configured to communicate signals (for example, using an access point and / or one or more other devices) according to technologies (RATs). The wired transceiver 250 may include a transmitter 252 and a receiver 254 configured for wired communication. The transmitter 252 may include a plurality of transmitters, which may be individual components or a composite / integrated component, and / or the receiver 254 may include a plurality of receivers, which may be individual components or a composite / integrated component. The wired transceiver 250 may be configured, for example, for optical communication and / or telecommunication. The transceiver 215 may be communicatively coupled to a transceiver interface 214, for example, by optical and / or electrical connections. The transceiver interface 214 may be integrated with the transceiver 215 at least partially.

[0021]

[0039] The user interface 216 may include one or more of several devices, such as speakers, microphones, display devices, vibration devices, keyboards, and touchscreens. The user interface 216 may include two or more of these devices. The user interface 216 may be configured to allow the user to interact with one or more applications hosted by the UE200. For example, the user interface 216 may store instructions for analog and / or digital signals in memory 211, which will be processed by the DSP 231 and / or general-purpose processor 230 in response to user actions. Similarly, an application hosted on the UE200 may store instructions for analog and / or digital signals in memory 211 to present output signals to the user. The user interface 216 may include audio input / output (I / O) devices, such as speakers, microphones, digital-analog circuit configurations, analog-digital circuit configurations, amplifiers, and / or gain control circuit configurations (including two or more of these devices). Other configurations of audio I / O devices may be used. Alternatively, the user interface 216 may include, for example, one or more touch sensors that respond to touch and / or pressure on the keyboard and / or touchscreen of the user interface 216. In one example, the user interface 216 may include one or more biosensors configured to acquire biometric information from the user. For example, the biosensors may include a fingerprint capture device, a microphone (for voice input), a camera 218 (e.g., for face recognition, iris detection), a display (e.g., for finger swipe recognition), or other such sensors. The IMU 270 may be configured to acquire motion data to determine biometric information such as the user's gait or stride length. Other sensors within the UE 200 may also be used to acquire biometric information from the user.

[0022]

[0040] An SPS receiver 217 (for example, a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver) may be capable of receiving and acquiring SPS signals 260 via an SPS antenna 262. Antenna 262 is configured to convert SPS signals 260 into wired signals, such as electrical or optical signals, and may be integrated with one or more of the antennas 246a to 246b. The SPS receiver 217 may be configured to process all or part of the acquired SPS signals 260 in order to estimate the location of the UE 200. For example, the SPS receiver 217 may be configured to determine the location of the UE 200 by trilateration using the SPS signals 260. A general-purpose processor 230, memory 211, DSP 231, and / or one or more specialized processors (not shown) may be used in conjunction with the SPS receiver 217 to process all or part of the acquired SPS signals and / or to calculate the estimated location of the UE 200. Memory 211 may store instructions (e.g., measured values) of the SPS signal 260 and / or other signals (e.g., signals obtained from wireless transceivers 240a-240b) for use in performing positioning operations. The general-purpose processor 230, DSP 231, and / or one or more specialized processors, and / or memory 211 may provide or support a location engine used for processing measured values ​​to estimate the location of the UE200.

[0023]

[0041] The UE200 may include a camera 218 for capturing still or moving images. The camera 218 may include, for example, an imaging sensor (e.g., a charge-coupled element or CMOS imager), a lens, an analog-digital circuit configuration, a frame buffer, and the like. Additional processing, adjustment, encoding, and / or compression of the signal representing the captured image may be performed by a general-purpose processor 230 and / or a DSP 231. Alternatively, a video processor 233 may perform the adjustment, encoding, compression, and / or manipulation of the signal representing the captured image. The video processor 233 may decode / decompress the stored image data for display on a display device (not shown) of the user interface 216, for example.

[0024]

[0042] A position (motion) device (PMD) 219 may be configured to determine the position and, optionally, the motion of the UE 200. For example, the PMD 219 may communicate with and / or include part or all of the SPS receiver 217. The PMD 219 may also be configured to determine the location of the UE 200 using ground-based signals (e.g., at least some of the wireless signals 248a-248b) to assist in acquiring and using the SPS signal 260 for trilateration or polylateration, or both. The PMD 219 may be configured to use one or more other techniques (e.g., relying on the UE's self-reporting location (e.g., part of the UE's position beacon)) to determine the location of the UE 200, and may use a combination of techniques (e.g., SPS signals and ground positioning signals) to determine the location of the UE 200. The PMD219 may include one or more of the sensors 213 (e.g., one or more gyroscopes, one or more accelerometers, one or more magnetometers, etc.), one or more of the sensors 213 may sense the orientation and / or motion of the UE200 and provide instructions thereof, and the processor 210 (e.g., a general-purpose processor 230 and / or DSP 231) may be configured to use these instructions to determine the motion of the UE200 (e.g., velocity vectors and / or acceleration vectors). The PMD219 may be configured to provide instructions for uncertainty and / or error in the determined position and / or motion. In one example, the PMD219 may be called a Positioning Engine (PE) and may be implemented by the general-purpose processor 230. For example, the PMD219 may be a logical entity and may be integrated with the general-purpose processor 230 and memory 211.

[0025]

[0043] Referring also to Figure 3, an example of an access point (AP) 300, such as AP105, comprises a computing platform including a processor 310, a memory 311 including software (SW) 312, a transceiver 315, and (optionally) an SPS receiver 317. The processor 310, memory 311, transceiver 315, and SPS receiver 317 may be coupled to each other communicatively by a bus 320 (which may be configured, for example, for optical and / or telecommunications). One or more of the illustrated devices (e.g., a wireless interface and / or SPS receiver 317) may be omitted from the AP300. The SPS receiver 317 may be configured similarly to the SPS receiver 217 to enable receiving and acquiring SPS signals 360 via an SPS antenna 362. The processor 310 may include one or more intelligent hardware devices, such as a central processing unit (CPU), a microcontroller, or an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC). The processor 310 may comprise multiple processors (for example, including a general-purpose / application processor, a DSP, a modem processor, a video processor, and / or a sensor processor, as shown in Figure 2). Memory 311 is a non-temporary storage medium, which may include random access memory (RAM), flash memory, disk memory, and / or read-only memory (ROM). Memory 311 stores software 312, which may be processor-readable, processor-executable software code containing instructions, which, when executed, cause the processor 310 to perform various functions described herein. Alternatively, the software 312 may not be directly executable by the processor 310, but may be configured, for example, to cause the processor 310 to perform functions when compiled and executed. When this specification refers to the processor 310 performing functions, this includes other implementations, such as when the processor 310 executes software and / or firmware.This specification may refer to the processor 310 performing a function as an abbreviation for one or more of the processors contained within the processor 310 performing that function. The processor 310 may include, in addition to and / or instead of, memory 311, memory in which instructions are stored. The functions of the processor 310 will be discussed in more detail below.

[0026]

[0044] The transceiver 315 may include a wireless transceiver 340 and a wired transceiver 350 configured to communicate with other devices via wireless and wired connections, respectively. For example, the wireless transceiver 340 may include a transmitter 342 and a receiver 344 coupled to one or more antennas 346 for transmitting (e.g., over one or more uplink channels) and / or receiving (e.g., over one or more downlink channels) a wireless signal 348, and converting the signal from the wireless signal 348 to a wired (e.g., electrical and / or optical) signal and from the wired (e.g., electrical and / or optical) signal to the wireless signal 348. Thus, the transmitter 342 may include multiple transmitters, which may be individual components or composite / integrated components, and / or the receiver 344 may include multiple receivers, which may be individual components or composite / integrated components. The wired transceiver 340 may be configured to communicate signals (e.g., with UE200, one or more other UEs, and / or one or more other devices) in accordance with various radio access technologies (RATs) such as IEEE 802.11 (including IEEE 802.11 ax and 802.11 be), WiFi, WiFi Direct (WiFi-D), Bluetooth®, IEEE 802.15 (UWB), and Zigbee. The wired transceiver 350 may include a transmitter 352 and a receiver 354 configured for wired communication. The transmitter 352 may include multiple transmitters, which may be individual components or composite / integrated components, and / or the receiver 354 may include multiple receivers, which may be individual components or composite / integrated components. The wired transceiver 350 may be configured, for example, for optical communication and / or telecommunications.

[0027]

[0045] See also Figure 3B, which shows an example of a UWB device 380, such as an asset tag, key fob, TV remote control, security system (e.g., vehicle, commercial, etc.), or other device configured to send and receive UWB RF transmissions. The UWB device comprises a computing platform including a processor 381, memory 382 containing software (SW) 383, a wireless transceiver 385, and (optionally) an SPS receiver 387. The SPS receiver 387 may be configured similarly to the SPS receiver 217 to enable receiving and acquiring SPS signals 360 via an SPS antenna 388. The processor 381 may include one or more intelligent hardware devices, such as a central processing unit (CPU), microcontroller, application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), etc. The processor 381 may comprise multiple processors (e.g., including a general-purpose / application processor, DSP, modem processor, video processor, and / or sensor processor, as shown in Figure 2). Memory 382 is a non-temporary storage medium that may include random access memory (RAM), flash memory, disk memory, and / or read-only memory (ROM). Memory 382 stores software 383, which may be processor-readable and processor-executable software code containing instructions, which, when executed, cause the processor 381 to perform various functions described herein. Alternatively, software 383 may not be directly executable by the processor 381, but may be configured to cause the processor 381 to perform functions when compiled and executed, for example. When this specification refers to the processor 381 performing a function, this includes other implementations, such as when the processor 381 executes software and / or firmware. When this specification refers to the processor 381 performing a function, it may be a shorthand for the processor 381 performing a function by one or more of the processors contained within the processor 381. In addition to memory 382, ​​and / or instead of memory 382, ​​the processor 381 may include memory in which instructions are stored.The functions of processor 381 will be discussed in more detail below.

[0028]

[0046] The wireless transceiver 385 is configured to communicate with other devices over a wireless connection using the UWB protocol. For example, the wireless transceiver 385 may include a transmitter 392 and a receiver 394 coupled to one or more antennas 396 for transmitting (e.g., over one or more uplink channels) and / or receiving (e.g., over one or more downlink channels) a UWB wireless signal 398, and converting the signal from the UWB wireless signal 398 to a wired (e.g., electrical and / or optical) signal and from the wired (e.g., electrical and / or optical) signal to the UWB wireless signal 398. In one example, the wireless transceiver 385 may include multiple transmitters, which may be individual components or composite / integrated components, and / or the receiver 394 may include multiple receivers, which may be individual components or composite / integrated components. In one example, the wireless transceiver 385 may be configured to communicate signals according to various radio access technologies (RATs) in addition to UWB technology. For example, the Wireless Transceiver 385 can be configured to utilize RATs such as IEEE 802.11 (including IEEE 802.11ax / az and 802.11be), WiFi, WiFi Direct (WiFi-D), Bluetooth®, IEEE 802.15 (UWB), and Zigbee.

[0029]

[0047] Referring to Figure 4, a block diagram of an exemplary communication module 402 with multiple transceivers is shown. The communication module 402 can be used as a transceiver in a mobile device, such as transceiver 215 in the UE200, a transceiver in an access point, such as transceiver 315 in the AP300, or transceiver 385 in the UWB device 380, or other RF devices. In one example, in a V2X network, the communication module may be included in a roadside unit (RSU). The communication module 402 may be communicatively coupled to a processor 404, such as a general-purpose processor 230 and / or a modem processor 232. One or more RF modules, such as a UWB module 406, a BLE module 408, and a WiFi module 410, may be communicatively coupled to a plurality of antennas 414a-414n via one or more multiplexers 412. The multiplexer 412 may include switches, phase shifters, and tuning circuits configured to allow one or more of the RF modules 406, 408, and 410 to transmit and receive signals through one or more of the antennas 414a to 414n. For example, the WiFi module 410 and the UWB module 406 may be configured to utilize one or more of the antennas 414a to 414n based on their operating frequency. Phase shifters and other components within the multiplexer 412 (e.g., a Butler matrix) may enable beamforming to increase the transmit or receive gain at different boresight angles from the location of the antennas 414a to 414n.

[0030]

[0048] Referring to Figures 5A and 5B, exemplary message flow diagrams used for Extended Rangefinders (ERDEVs) are shown. Two devices, such as a UE200 and a UWB device 380, may be configured to exchange messages to determine the range (e.g., distance) between them. In an exemplary automotive use case, the UE200 may be a smartphone and be configured to act as a controller 502, and the UWB device 380 may be located in the vehicle and be configured to act as a controller 504. In one example, the UE200 may be configured to unlock and start the vehicle when it is within a specified distance of the vehicle, and the message flow diagrams in Figures 5A and 5B may be used to determine the distance between the vehicle and the UE. As a controller 502, the UE200 may establish parameters for the UWB ranging session and provide session information to the controller 504 via one or more Range Control Messages (RCMs) 506. RCM506 may include ranging parameters such as channel information, ranging block and slot configurations, enabling the station to conduct time-scheduled or contention-free UWB ranging sessions. In one example, a biological entity associated with a user of the UE may be included in RCM506. Controller 504 may be configured to utilize ranging parameters received in RCM506 from Controller 502. In one example, Controller 502 and Controller 504 may exchange RCM506 to negotiate session parameters. The concepts of Controller 502 and Controller 504 are based on the perspective of higher-layer networking, where initiator and responder roles may be used on the physical layer and medium access control (MAC) layer. Initiators 508a, 508b are configured to initiate ranging exchange by sending a first message of exchange, such as ranging initiation message (RIM) 512a, 512b, utilizing the ranging parameters contained in RCM506.As shown in Figures 5A and 5B, either controller 502 or controller 504 can assume the roles of initiators 508a and 508b, respectively. Similarly, controller 502 and controller 504 can be configured as responders 510a and 510b, respectively, and can respond to RIM 512a and 512b with ranging response messages (RRM) 514a and 514b, respectively. In general, UWB ranging is designed to have a relatively low complexity data structure in order to enable ranging between relatively low-cost devices (e.g., low-complexity devices). A ranging session may be time-division multiple access (TDMA) based, with ranging blocks as the primary unit.

[0031]

[0049] Referring further to Figures 5A and 5B, and then to Figure 6, a diagram of an exemplary ranging block 600 used in a UWB ranging session is shown. A UWB ranging session between two devices (e.g., UE200 and UWB device 380) may include consecutive ranging blocks 600. Each ranging block 600 includes a ranging round 602 consisting of ranging slots 604. Within a ranging block 600, responders 510a, 510b may send messages within a single ranging round 602 (e.g., round #2). The round index may be statically configured by the controller 502 or selected based on a hopping pattern configured by the controller 502. The slots 604 within the selected ranging round 602 may be used sequentially to perform ranging exchanges and / or to determine the TDOA measurement. Each ranging round 602 (e.g., round #2) may include a single ranging control slot 606, followed by a ranging phase slot 608 and a measurement reporting slot 610. The ranging rounds 602 and ranging slots 604 may have fixed durations established in the RCM 506. For example, different ranging rounds 602 within consecutive ranging blocks 600 may be used to reduce interference caused by UWB ranging sessions between other nearby stations. For example, the ranging block 600 may have a duration of approximately 250 milliseconds (ms), and the ranging round 602 may have a duration of approximately 10 ms. The default ranging slot 604 has a duration of approximately 1 ms. Other block, round, and slot durations may also be used. The duration of ranging slot 604 may vary based on the configuration of the ranging packet. For example, a ranging packet without a physical layer payload (e.g., STS packet configuration 3) may have a duration of approximately 150 microseconds (μs). Generally, there is one ranging packet per ranging slot 604, and multiple ranging packets may be exchanged between the initiator and responder in each ranging phase slot 608.

[0032]

[0050] Referring to Figure 7, an exemplary Physical Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) frame 700 incorporating a synchronization preamble for ranging is shown. A UWB ranging session may utilize the packet format based on the PPDU frame 700. The PPDU frame 700 is an example and not an limitation, as other data structures may also include a synchronization preamble for ranging. To reduce the opportunity for external attacks, a secure ranging protocol may encrypt the physical layer (physical, PHY) timestamp sequence using the AES-128 encryption algorithm. The PPDU frame 700 may include a synchronization header (SHR) 702 containing a synchronization (SYNC) field 704 and a start of frame delimiter (SFD) 706. The SYNC field 704 (also called the preamble sequence) contains a predetermined sequence (such as an Ipatov 3-value sequence) configured to improve autocorrelation characteristics. The SYNC field 704 (i.e., the preamble sequence) can be vulnerable to over-the-air attacks because an attacker might expect a known sequence to be used. Encrypted sequences, such as the scrambled timestamp sequence (STS) 708, can be used to improve the integrity and accuracy of the distance measurement. The STS 708 may include a sequence of pseudo-randomized pulses generated using a Deterministic Random Bit Generator (DRBG) based on the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), as shown in Figure 10. The SFD 706 is configured to help distinguish the SYNC field 704 from the STS 708. The STS 708 may be encrypted using the AES-128 algorithm, and the ToA estimate may be based on decrypting the STS 708. In one example, the distance measurement can be validated if the received STS 708 can be cross-correlated with a locally generated reference.The receiving station may be configured to locally generate a secure sequence based on the same key information used by the transmitting station to generate STS708. For example, the STS key value and V value used in the AES algorithm may be provided to the receiving station via out-of-band transmission, and both the transmitting and receiving stations may be configured to generate STS708. PPDU frame 700 is an example of STS packet configuration 3 and does not contain a data payload. In one example, other STS packet configurations (e.g., 0, 1, and 2) may also be used in a UWB ranging session.

[0033]

[0051] Referring to Figure 8A, Figure 800 shows an exemplary signal exchange for UWB ranging. Figure 800 includes a first UWB device 802 (e.g., a smartphone) and a second UWB device 804 (e.g., a vehicle). UWB devices 802 and 804 may include some or all components of UE200 and / or UWB device 380. UE200 is an example of the first UWB device, and UWB device 380 is an example of the second UWB device 804. Each of UWB devices 802 and 804 includes one or more transceivers configured to send and receive UWB signals, as shown in communication module 402. The signal exchange is obtained in accordance with the IEEE 802.15.4 standard and may utilize the physical layer (PHY) and media access control (MAC) sublayers to enable secure ranging. Positioning exchange may also utilize IEEE 802.15.4z security features, such as STS708, within the UWB ranging frame to prevent preamble insertion attacks. In the first example, the UWB signal includes a one-way bidirectional ranging exchange 808, thereby causing a first UWB device 802 to transmit a ranging marker at time t1, which is received by a second UWB device 804 at time t2. The second UWB device 804 may send an acknowledgment frame at time t3, which is received by the first UWB device at time t4. The first round time (Tround1) is equal to t4-t1, and the first reply time (Treply1) is equal to t3-t1. The second UWB device 804 may be configured to provide Treply1 time to the first UWB device 802. The first UWB device 802 can calculate the first round-trip propagation time. Tprop1 = Tround1 - Treply1 (1) The distance between the first UWB device 802 and the second UWB device 804 is equal to the following formula: distance=c * (Tprop1 / 2) (2) In the equation, c is the speed of light.

[0034]

[0052] In the second example, the signal includes a bidirectional distance measuring exchange 810, which causes the first UWB device 802 to also transmit an acknowledgment at time t5, and the acknowledgment is received by the second UWB device 804 at time t6. The first UWB device 802 may provide the second UWB device 804 with a second reply time (Treply2) (i.e., t5-t4). The Tprop time can be calculated as follows: Tprop=((Tround1 * Tround2)-(Treply1 * Treply2)) / (Tround1+Tround2-Treply1-Treply2) (3)

[0035]

[0053] The propagation time (i.e., Tprop) represents the time of flight (ToF) of the respective signals between UWB devices 802 and 804 and can be used to determine the distance between UWB devices 802 and 804. During operation, the UWB devices may be configured to determine distances up to 100m with an accuracy of approximately + / - 10cm.

[0036]

[0054] Referring to Figure 8B, Figure 850 shows an exemplary angle of arrival of a UWB signal. Figure 850 includes a UWB device 852 (e.g., a first UWB device 802 or a second UWB device 804) with multiple antennas 854a, 854b in an antenna array. The UWB signal 856 is detected by the antenna array at an angle of arrival (AoA) Φ. Generally, AoA is based on the time difference in the arrival of the UWB signal 856 at each of the antennas 854a, 854b in the antenna array. The time delay in the arrival of the signal can be determined as follows: t=d * sinΦ / c (4) During the ceremony, t is the time delay, d is the distance between the antennas. Φ is AoA, c is the speed of light.

[0037]

[0055] During operation, UWB devices can be configured to determine AoA with an accuracy of approximately + / - 1.5 degrees. Other wireless technologies and transceiver / antenna configurations may achieve different accuracy results.

[0038]

[0056] Referring to Figure 9, a message flow diagram 900 of an exemplary ranging session in WiFi is shown. Figure 900 includes an initiating station 902 and a responding station 904 configured to exchange ranging messages. Each of stations 902 and 904 may include some or all components of a UE200 and AP300, where the UE200 and AP300 are examples of either one or both of stations 902 and 904. In one use case, the initiating station 902 is a UE, key fob, IoT device, etc., and the responding station 904 is an AP300. The signal exchange in Figure 900 may conform to industry standards such as IEEE 802.11ax / az. In a non-trigger-based ranging session, a station may initiate the session using carrier-sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA / CA). Stations 902 and 904 may send and receive ranging frames, such as null data packets (NDPs), which include a preamble and physical layer information (e.g., header, payload). After an NDP notification frame has been successfully transmitted, stations may send subsequent NDPs within the shortest interframe spacing (SIFS) to maintain the channel. For example, biometric information and other secure sequences described herein may be included in the physical layer payload.

[0039]

[0057] Referring to Figure 10, a block diagram of process 1000 for generating pseudorandom numbers based on the AES standard is shown. The resulting pseudorandom numbers can be used as STS for distance measurement, as described in the IEEE 802.15.4z standard. Process 1000 utilizes a 128-bit block size, but other sizes (e.g., 192, 256 bits) may also be used. The STS consists of a sequence of pseudorandomized pulses generated by a deterministic random bit generator (DRBG) based on counter-mode AES-128, such as process 1000. Each time the DRBG is executed, it generates a 128-bit pseudorandom number to be used for the STS. Process 1000 provides a 128-bit value V1002 and a 128-bit key 1004 to the AES-128 algorithm 1008. The value V1002 may include the upper 96 bits 1002a and a 32-bit counter 1002b that can be incremented once for each 128-bit output in stage 1006. The output of the AES-128 algorithm 1008 is a 128-bit pseudorandom number 1010 used to form the STS. During operation, the transmitting and receiving stations may receive the V value and key value (including the counter configuration) via secure means, and each station may generate the same 128-bit pseudorandom number 1010 based on their inputs. The receiving station may correlate the locally generated STS with the STS received from the transmitting station.

[0040]

[0058] Referring to Figure 11, Figure 1100 shows an exemplary signal exchange for ranging using biometric information. In general, many mobile devices, such as smartphones and other UWB-enabled devices, may also be able to acquire biometric information associated with the user (e.g., fingerprints, facial features, voice, etc.). As described in the use cases herein, such biometric information may be used to enhance security in ranging sessions, to improve context awareness, and to increase positional accuracy and classification methods. While the use cases presented herein utilize UWB technology, the concept may be extended to other wireless technologies such as WiFi or NR sidelink. The use case in Figure 1100 concerns an access control procedure for unlocking and accessing a vehicle (or other restricted area). In one example, the UWB ranging procedure may include a UE 1102 (e.g., a smartphone) as a controller 502 and a vehicle 1104 as a controller 504. The vehicle 1104 may include an in-vehicle control system 1104a that includes some or all of the components of the access point 300 and / or the UWB device 380.

[0041]

[0059] In conventional systems, a malicious user could simply obtain a genuine device (e.g., a digital key) and then use it to access the vehicle. The techniques provided herein may also require a biometric signature of the genuine user for enhanced security. The biometric signature may be based on biometric information 1102a, obtained by one or more sensors within the UE 1102 and stored in local memory (e.g., memory 211). Biometric information 1102a may include biological data (e.g., fingerprints, face, iris, etc.) or other behavioral data (e.g., keystroke dynamics, gait, signature, voice, etc.) available on the UE 1102. Biometric information 1102a may be provided via out-of-band (OOB) communication and / or included in the payload of one or more ranging messages transmitted from the user's device. Biometric information 1102a may be provided during session setup along with other encrypted information, such as the V value and key value shown in Figure 10. In one example, during the session setup procedure, one or more control phase messages 1106 may be exchanged between the UE 1102 and the vehicle 1104. During the UWB session, the control phase messages 1106 may be configured via OOB communication such as Bluetooth. The controller (e.g., UE 1102) and the control (e.g., vehicle 1104) may exchange authentication information, which may then be used by an authentication system (e.g., the vehicle's onboard control system 1104a) to verify the certificate. In one example, biometric information 1102a may be used as a certificate (or part thereof) for authenticating the UWB session. The UE 1102 and the vehicle 1104 may exchange ranging packets (e.g., PPDU frames) as ranging phase messages 1108. In one example, one or more packets may be exchanged during the ranging phase message 1108. For example, the PPDU frame may include a data payload element, and biometric information 1102a may be included as the payload.Including biometric information 1102a in the control phase message 1106 and / or the ranging phase message 1108 can provide additional security, as even if a malicious user gains access to the digital key, they will not be able to obtain the biometric data. Authentication using biometric information 1102a can be enabled at a higher layer via the application, while the underlying ranging / positioning may employ other wireless technologies.

[0042]

[0060] Referring to Figure 12, Figure 1200 shows an exemplary use case of an access point including biosensors and distance measurement signals. The use case in Figure 1200 acquires biometric information at an access point such as a door in a building or vehicle. The access point may include one or more biosensors such as a fingerprint scanner, an optical scanner (e.g., a camera), and / or a microphone. For example, in a secure building use case, user 1202 may enter building 1204 which has a secure access point such as a door 1204a configured to open when user 1202 provides biometric authentication. One or more biosensors 1206 may be configured to receive biometric input such as an audio input 1208 from user 1202. When user 1202 provides biometric input (e.g., voice input 1208), the biosensor 1206, or one or more proximity wireless devices 1218a, 1218b, may be configured to perform distance exchange 1210, 1220a, 1220b with the UE 1202a associated with user 1202. The biosensor 1206 and the other wireless devices 1218a, 1218b may be configured to be communicatively coupled to a controller 1212 and to provide the controller 1212 with biometric information and distance measurements. The controller 1212 may include some or all of the components of an access point 300, which is an example of the controller 1212. In one example, the controller 1212 may be a server or other computing platform including a processor, memory, and associated peripheral devices. The controller 1212 may include, or be communicatively coupled to, a data structure 1214, such as a database, which includes one or more tables 1216 for storing access event information. Data structure 1214 may include relational database applications (e.g., Oracle, SQL, dBase, etc.), flat files (e.g., JSON, XML, CVS), binary files, or other file structures configured to persist and index information associated with access events.The data structure 1214 may include other instructions, such as stored procedures configured to query, update, append, and index one or more tables 1216. One or more tables 1216 may include data fields based on biometric information and ranging signals acquired at an access point (e.g., a biosensor 1206 near door 1204a). For example, the UE ID field may include information identifying the UE 1202a associated with user 1202. The BioInfo field may include extracted features of biometric information acquired by the biosensor 1206 (e.g., fingerprints, voice input 1208, iris information, etc.). The UERange and UEAoA fields may include measurements based on the ranging exchange 1210. Other fields associated with the ranging exchange between UE 1202a and other wireless devices 1218a, 1218b may also be included in one or more tables 1216. The ChanEst field may include parameters associated with the RF channel used for the ranging exchange (one or more). The AccessTimeDate field may contain time information associated with obtaining biometric input from user 1202. The SensorID field may contain parameters associated with the biosensor 1206 that obtained the biometric input. The SessionID field may be unique identification information such as the device's MAC address, or another parameter exchanged via the application at a higher layer to associate the ranging session. These fields are examples and not limiting, and other fields and tables may be used to store information associated with access point events.

[0043]

[0061] During operation, the controller 1212 may be configured to acquire and store parameters associated with access events (for example, based on one or more tables 1216). Over time, the controller 1212 may be configured to determine a correlation between biometric information acquired by the biosensor 1206 and distance measurement information determined at the time the biometric information was acquired. In one example, a unique mapping may be formed between such distance measurement sessions and biometric information. Based on this unique mapping, the controller 1212 may enable future access for user 1202 based on the distance measurement session without acquiring biometric input. For example, in one use case, user 1202 may use UWB distance measurement to gain access through door 1204a. Initially, the controller 1212 may require biometric information (e.g., voice input 1208) to enable access. Over time, a unique mapping is established between the distance measurement session and the biometric signature. Once the mapping is formed, user 1202 is not required to provide biometric information, and controller 1212 may be configured to grant access based on UWB ranging measurements.

[0044]

[0062] For example, the mapping use case in Figure 12 can be combined with biometric information exchange as described in Figure 11. User 1202 may provide biometric input (e.g., voice input 1208) at the access point (e.g., to biosensor 1206), and the distance exchange 1210 may include biometric information in control phase messages 1106 and / or distance phase messages 1108. For example, biometric inputs associated with user 1202 and stored in UE 1202a (e.g., fingerprint scans received by UE 1202a, gait information calculated by UE 1202a, finger swipe recognition acquired by UE 1202a, etc.) may be provided during the distance exchange 1210, stored in data structure 1214, and included in the mapping. The biometric information stored on the UE may be evaluated based on the time of input to UE 1202a in order to exclude old information (e.g., inputs older than 1 minute, 5 minutes, 10 minutes, 30 minutes, 60 minutes, etc.). During operation, user 1202 may be granted access based on biometric information acquired by UE 1202a and provided to controller 1212 during distance exchange 1210, without requiring user 1202 to provide biometric input to biosensor 1206.

[0045]

[0063] In one example, when user 1202 provides biosensor 1206, distance measurements obtained by wireless devices (e.g., biosensor 1206 and wireless devices 1218a, 1218b) can be acquired and associated with a precise access point. The distance measurements may include channel estimates, time-of-arrival (ToA) estimates, and angle-of-arrival (AoA) estimates, as well as other signals used for positioning UE 1202a. Comparing a position estimate obtained from stored distance measurements (e.g., stored in data structure 1214) with ground truth (i.e., when the door is accessed) can help determine the error in the original position estimate. In a vehicle use case, a single vehicle may have multiple responder devices positioned at various locations around the vehicle. The position estimate of an approaching user / UE may be determined based on distance exchange with the responder devices. A controller within a vehicle (e.g., a positioning engine) may be configured to improve future position estimates based on measurements taken when a user provides biometric input (e.g., palm print on a vehicle door) at a known location on the vehicle. Machine learning techniques or other statistical or filtering (e.g., a Kalman filter) approaches may be used to improve future estimates based on the ranging estimates. The vehicle controller may be configured to utilize the improved position estimates to predict (e.g., based on machine learning classification) which door of the vehicle the user is most likely to access as they approach. A controller within a vehicle or other structure may be configured to acquire measurements based on ranging exchanges, store them together with ground truth information (i.e., taken from the point where biometric information was acquired), and improve future position estimates or perform classification to proactively determine an entry point (e.g., the location of the vehicle or building the user is most likely to approach).

[0046]

[0064] For example, a controller 1212, a biosensor 1206, or other wireless devices 1218a, 1218b may be configured to send biometric information received from user 1202 back to the user's mobile device (e.g., UE 1202a) via a wireless signal. The biometric information on the mobile device may be used to improve context awareness in subsequent processes. For example, in a vehicle use case, after the vehicle is unlocked based on receiving the user's biometric data (from a biosensor on the vehicle), the biometric information can be used to determine whether the user is in the driver's seat or another seat. Based on this knowledge, additional actions may be triggered, such as starting the vehicle (when the user is in the driver's seat) or requesting authorization from the user to allow another user to start the vehicle. Other context-based actions may utilize biometric information obtained from the biosensor and then provided to the user's mobile device.

[0047]

[0065] Referring to Figure 13, an exemplary packet configuration for UWB ranging using biometric information is shown. In one example, a single UWB frame 1300 may be used jointly for ranging and authentication and may contain biometric information 1302. The UWB frame 1300 may be a PPDU frame containing a synchronization (SYNC) field 1304 and a frame start delimiter (SFD) 1306. The SYNC field 1304 (also called the preamble sequence) contains a predetermined sequence (such as an Ipatov 3-value sequence) configured to improve autocorrelation characteristics. Encryption sequences, such as a scrambled timestamp sequence (STS) 1308, may be used to improve the integrity and accuracy of the ranging measurements. The STS 1308 may contain a sequence of pseudo-randomized pulses generated using an AES-based DRBG, as shown in Figure 10. The SFD 1306 is configured to help distinguish the SYNC field 704 from the STS 1308. The SYNC field 1304 and STS 1308 may be used for channel estimation and ranging. For example, STS 1308 may be encrypted using the AES-128 algorithm, and the ToA estimate may be based on decrypting STS 1308. If the received STS 1308 can be cross-correlated with a locally generated reference, the distance measurement may be validated. The receiving station may be configured to locally generate a secure sequence based on the same key information used by the transmitting station to generate STS 1308. For example, the STS key value and V value used in the AES algorithm may be provided to the receiving station via an out-of-band transmission (e.g., control phase message 1106), and both the transmitting and receiving stations may be configured to generate STS 1308. The physical layer header (PHR) 1310 may contain information about the PHY payload 1312, such as the length of the data and the data rate used to transmit the data. The PHY payload 1312 may contain biometric signature information, as described herein. The biometric information 1302 can be used as an integrity check against potential range-finding attacks. A malicious transmission cannot reproduce the biometric information contained within the PHY payload 1312.A wireless device receiving a UWB frame 1300 may be configured to decode the payload and perform an integrity check. If genuine biometric information is present, the UWB frame 1300 is considered authentic and used for ranging / positioning. If invalid information is present, the UWB frame 1300 is considered malicious and discarded.

[0048]

[0066] Referring further to Figures 1 to 13 and to Figure 14, an exemplary method 1400 for authenticating a user using ranging and biometric information includes the illustrated steps. However, method 1400 is an example and not limiting. Method 1400 can be modified, for example, by adding, removing, rearranging, combining, performing simultaneously, and / or dividing a single step into multiple steps. For example, receiving biometric information in step 1402 and determining the distance to the mobile device in step 1404 can be performed in a single step. Activating one or more controls in step 1408 is optional. Method 1400 can be performed by a controller 504 in a UWB ranging session. Controller 504 may be a UE 200, an access point 300, a UWB device 380, or another wireless node configured to utilize the wireless ranging procedure.

[0049]

[0067] In step 1402, the method includes receiving biometric information about the user of a mobile device using a first wireless node. A controller 504, including a processor 381 and a wireless transceiver 385, is a means for receiving biometric information and is an example of a first wireless node. In one example, referring to Figure 11, biometric information may be acquired by one or more sensors in a mobile device, such as a UE 1102, and received by the vehicle 1104 via a wireless signal. The biometric information may be provided via OOB communication and / or included in the payload(s) of one or more ranging messages transmitted from the user's device. For example, biometric information may be received via a control phase message 1106 (e.g., an OOB signal) and / or via one or more ranging phase messages 1108 (e.g., in a PHY payload 1312). In one example, referring to Figure 12, biometric information may be acquired by local biometric information via an access point biosensor, such as a biosensor 1206, and received by the controller 1212. Biometric information can be a digital representation of biological data (e.g., fingerprints, face, iris, etc.) and / or other behavioral data (e.g., keystroke dynamics, gait, signature, voice, etc.) that can be obtained from the user of a mobile device.

[0050]

[0068] In step 1404, the method includes determining the distance to the mobile device from a first wireless node. A controller 504, including a processor 381 and a wireless transceiver 385, is a means for determining the distance to the mobile device. In one example, an in-vehicle control system 1104a in a vehicle 1104 may be configured to utilize a ranging phase message 1108 or other wireless exchange (e.g., an NDP message for WiFi, as shown in Figure 9) to determine the distance to the mobile device. In one example, orientation information (e.g., AoA, AoD) may also be determined. In one example, referring to Figure 12, a controller 1212 may be configured to receive distance and other positioning information associated with the UE 1202a from wireless nodes in the network. For example, a biosensor 1206 may include a UWB device 380 configured to exchange ranging messages with the UE 1202a and provide ranging information to the controller 1212. Other wireless devices 1218a and 1218b may be configured to provide distance measurement information (including the respective distances to the UE 1202a) to the controller 1212.

[0051]

[0069] In step 1406, the method includes authenticating the user and the distance to the mobile device, at least in part, based on biometric information. The controller 504, including the processor 381, is a means for authenticating the user. The in-vehicle control system 1104a or controller 1212 may include previously acquired biometric information associated with the user, which may be compared with biometric information acquired in step 1402 to authenticate the user. In one example, the biometric information may be used as a certificate (or part thereof) for authenticating the UWB session. In one example, a PPDU frame may be received in step 1404 and may include a data payload element containing biometric information. Including biometric information in the control phase message 1106 and / or the ranging phase message 1108 may provide additional security, as even if a malicious user gains access to the digital key, they will not be able to obtain the biometric data. Authentication using biometric information may be enabled at a higher layer via the application, and the underlying distance determination may utilize other wireless technologies.

[0052]

[0070] In step 1408, the method optionally includes activating one or more actions in response to determining that the user is authentic and the distance to the mobile device. The controller 504, including the processor 381, is a means for activating one or more actions. In a vehicle use case, one or more action controls may include activating the engine ignition system or motor activation sequence in response to determining that the user is authentic and that the distance is within a threshold (e.g., 1m, 2m, 5m, 10m, etc.). Other actions or controls may include unlocking doors and adjusting the environment for the user (e.g., seat position, rearview mirror orientation, radio settings, etc.). In a building access use case, actions may include opening doors, adjusting room lighting, setting climate control, etc. Other actions or controls, which may be adjusted based on user preferences, may also be activated based on biometric authentication and the distance to the user.

[0053]

[0071] Referring further to Figures 1 to 13 and to Figure 15, Method 1500 for mapping between biometric information and a ranging session includes the illustrated steps. However, Method 1500 is an example and not limiting. Method 1500 can be modified, for example, by adding, deleting, rearranging, combining, performing simultaneously, and / or dividing a single step into multiple steps.

[0054]

[0072] In step 1502, the method includes receiving biometric information associated with a user via one or more biosensors at a first time. A controller 1212, including a processor 310 and a transceiver 315, is a means for receiving biometric information. In one example, referring to Figure 11, biometric information may be acquired by one or more sensors in a mobile device such as a UE 1102 and received by a vehicle 1104 via a wireless signal. Biometric information may be provided via OOB communication and / or included in the payload(s) of one or more ranging messages transmitted from the user's device. For example, biometric information may be received via a control phase message 1106 (e.g., an OOB signal) and / or via one or more ranging phase messages 1108 (e.g., in a PHY payload 1312). In one example, referring to Figure 12, biometric information may be acquired by local biometric information via an access point biosensor such as a biosensor 1206 and received by a controller 1212 via a wired or wireless signal. Biometric information may be a digital representation (e.g., extracted data points) of biological data (e.g., fingerprints, face, iris, etc.) and / or other behavioral data (e.g., keystroke dynamics, gait, signature, voice, etc.) that can be obtained from the user of a mobile device.

[0055]

[0073] In step 1504, the method includes authenticating a user based on biometric information. A controller 1212, including a processor 310, is a means for authenticating the user. The in-vehicle control system 1104a or the controller 1212 may include previously acquired biometric information associated with the user, which may be compared with biometric information acquired in step 1502 to authenticate the user. In one example, the biometric information may be used as a certificate (or part thereof) for authenticating the UWB session. The previously acquired biometric information may be stored in a data structure communicably coupled to the controller 1212 or the in-vehicle control system 1104a.

[0056]

[0074] In step 1506, the method includes acquiring one or more radio frequency signals transmitted from a mobile device associated with the user in proximity at a first time. A controller 1212, including a processor 310 and a transceiver 315, is a means for acquiring one or more radio frequency signals. In one example, one or more radio frequency signals may be ranging signals exchanged with the mobile device. In one example, referring to Figure 12, a user 1202 may provide an audio input 1208, a biosensor 1206, or one or more proximity wireless devices 1218a, 1218b may be configured to acquire one or more radio frequency signals using UE 1202a. For example, the biosensor 1206, or one or more proximity wireless devices 1218a, 1218b, may perform distance exchange 1210, 1220a, 1220b with the UE 1202a associated with user 1202 at approximately the same time (e.g., within 1 second, 2 seconds, 5 seconds, or 10 seconds) that user 1202 is providing biometric information.

[0057]

[0075] In step 1508, the method includes storing signal information associated with one or more radio frequency signals and a mobile device. A controller 1212, including a processor 310 and a transceiver 315, and a data structure 1214 are means for storing the signal information. In one example, the signal information may be stored in a data structure that includes data fields based on biometric information and ranging signals acquired in steps 1502 and 1506. The signal information may include distance and orientation information (e.g., UERange, UEAoA), as well as other measurements based on ranging exchanges. Other signal information may include parameters associated with the RF channel used for the ranging exchange(s). Other unique identification information associated with one or more radio frequency signals, such as the MAC address of the device, or other parameters exchanged via the application at a higher layer may be stored. These fields are examples and not limiting, as other signal information may be stored.

[0058]

[0076] Referring further to Figures 1 to 13 and to Figure 16, Method 1600 for authenticating a user based on a mapping between biometric information and a ranging session includes the illustrated steps. However, Method 1600 is an example and not limiting. Method 1600 can be modified, for example, by adding, removing, rearranging, combining, performing simultaneously, and / or dividing a single step into multiple steps. For example, determining the correlation in step 1604 and authenticating the user in step 1606 may be performed in a single step, and activating the action in step 1608 is optional.

[0059]

[0077] In step 1602, the method includes acquiring one or more measurements based on radio frequency signals transmitted from a mobile device associated with the user. A controller 1212, including a processor 310 and a transceiver 315, is a means for acquiring one or more measurements. In one example, referring to Figure 12, the controller 1212 may receive signal measurements associated with UE 1202a. A biosensor 1206, or one or more proximity wireless devices 1218a, 1218b, may perform distance exchanges 1210, 1220a, 1220b with UE 1202a associated with user 1202. One or more measurements may include distance and orientation information (e.g., UERange, UEAoA), as well as other measurements based on the distance exchange. Other measurements may include RF parameters associated with the RF channel used for the distance exchange(s), and identification information associated with one or more radio frequency signals, such as the MAC address of the device, or other parameters exchanged via the application at a higher layer. These measurements are examples, not limiting, as other RF-related measurements may be obtained based on the rangefinder exchange 1210, 1220a, and 1220b. For example, biometric input stored in the UE1202a associated with user 1202 (e.g., a fingerprint scan received by the UE1202a, gait information calculated by the UE1202a, finger swipe recognition obtained by the UE1202a, etc.) may be one or more measurements provided during the rangefinder exchange 1210, stored in the data structure 1214, and included in the correlation calculation.

[0060]

[0078] In step 1604, the method includes determining a correlation between biometric information associated with a user and one or more measurements. A controller 1212, including a processor 310 and a data structure 1214, is a means for determining the correlation between biometric information and one or more measurements. In one example, the controller 1212 may be configured to acquire and store parameters associated with previous measurements of RF signal exchanges during a previous access event. The parameters may include biometric information acquired simultaneously with one or more of the ranging exchanges 1210, 1220a, and 1220b. The parameters may persist in the data structure 1214, and the controller 1212 may be configured to query the data structure 1214 based on measurements acquired in step 1602. The query result may return biometric information associated with the user. Other statistical techniques may be used to correlate the measurements acquired in step 1602 with biometric data stored in the data structure 1214. For example, the mean, average, variance, and standard deviation of distance information associated with one or more of the previous distance exchanges 1210, 1220a, and 1220b can be calculated. Other contextual information, such as date and time, may be used in combination with the measured values ​​to determine correlation. Machine learning techniques or other filtering approaches (e.g., Kalman filters) may be used to determine correlation.

[0061]

[0079] In step 1606, the method includes authenticating a user based at least in part on a correlation. A controller 1212, including a processor 310, is the means for authenticating the user. In one example, authentication is based on a match between a measurement taken in step 1602 and a measurement taken during a previous access event in which the user provided biometric input. Other machine learning techniques or other filtering approaches (e.g., Kalman filter) may be used to authenticate the user. If authentication is successfully performed, the user 1202 is not required to provide biometric information, and the controller 1212 may be configured to grant access based on the measurement.

[0062]

[0080] In step 1608, the method optionally includes activating one or more actions in response to authenticating the user. The controller 1212, including the processor 310, is a means for activating one or more actions. Referring to Figure 12, the actions may include unlocking and / or automatically opening the door 1204a. In anticipation of the user's entry, other environmental actions or controls, such as adjusting the room lighting or setting the air conditioning controls, may be activated. Method 1600 may also be used in a vehicle use case, where one or more actions may include authenticating the user and activating the engine ignition system or motor activation sequence in response to determining that the distance is within a threshold (e.g., 1m, 2m, 5m, 10m, etc.). Other actions or controls may include unlocking the door or adjusting the environment for the user (e.g., seat position, rearview mirror orientation, radio settings, etc.). Other actions or controls that can be adjusted based on the user's preferences may also be activated based on user authentication.

[0063]

[0081] Referring further to Figures 1 to 13 and to Figure 17, the method 1700 for transmitting a distance measurement signal includes the illustrated steps. However, method 1700 is an example and not limiting. Method 1700 can be modified, for example, by adding, removing, rearranging, combining, performing simultaneously, and / or dividing a single step into multiple steps.

[0064]

[0082] In step 1702, the method includes receiving biometric information associated with a user using a mobile device. The UE200, including a processor 210 and a user interface 216, is a means for receiving biometric information. In one example, one or more sensors or user interface components of a mobile device such as the UE200 may include one or more biosensors configured to acquire biometric information associated with a user. The biosensors may include a fingerprint capture device, a microphone (for voice input), a camera 218 (e.g., for face recognition, iris detection), a display (e.g., for finger swipe recognition), or other such sensors. Inertial measurement sensors within the mobile device may be configured to acquire motion data to determine biometric information such as the user's gait or stride length. Other sensors within the mobile device may also be used to acquire biometric information associated with a user.

[0065]

[0083] In step 1704, the method includes generating a ranging signal that includes biometric information using a mobile device. The UE200, including a processor 210 and a transceiver 215, is a means for generating the ranging signal. The biometric information may be a digital representation of biometric information acquired in step 1702. For example, the biometric information may be a fingerprint, and the biometric information may be a set of features extracted from the fingerprint image. In one example, the mobile device may be configured as a controller 502 in a UWB ranging session. The mobile device may include biometric information in a ranging control message 506 that may utilize out-of-band transmission. For example, a ranging control message 506 with biometric information may be provided via Bluetooth® or WiFi transmission. In one example, referring to Figures 11 and 13, the biometric information may be included in one or more ranging phase messages 1108. For example, the PHY payload 1312 may contain biometric information. In one example, the biometric information may be used as a certificate (or part thereof) for authenticating the UWB session. Other wireless ranging techniques may be configured to include biometric information. For example, an NDP frame may be configured to include biometric information.

[0066]

[0084] In step 1706, the method includes transmitting a ranging signal using a mobile device. The UE200, including the processor 210 and the transceiver 215, is a means for transmitting the ranging signal. The ranging signal may be transmitted in accordance with the IEEE 802.15.4 standard and may utilize the physical layer (PHY) and media access control (MAC) sublayers to enable secure ranging. In one example, the ranging signal may also utilize IEEE 802.15.4z security features.

[0067]

[0085] Other examples and implementations are within the scope of this disclosure and the accompanying claims. For example, due to the nature of software and computers, the functions described above can be implemented using software, hardware, firmware, hardwiring, or any combination thereof, executed by a processor. The features implementing those functions can also be physically located in various locations, including being distributed so that parts of the functions are implemented in different physical locations. Components shown in the figures and / or discussed herein, whether functional or not, are connected or communicate with one another, unless otherwise specified, in a way that allows for communication between them. That is, components can be connected directly or indirectly to enable communication between them.

[0068]

[0086] As used herein, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” also include the plural form unless the context otherwise clearly indicates. For example, “a processor” may include one or more processors. As used herein, the terms “comprises,” “comprising,” “includes,” and / or “including” specify the presence of the features, integers, steps, actions, elements, and / or components being described, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, actions, elements, components, and / or groups thereof.

[0069]

[0087] Where used herein, unless otherwise specified, the phrase "based on" an item or condition means that the function or operation is based on the item or condition described, and may be based on one or more additional items and / or conditions.

[0070]

[0088] Furthermore, as used herein, "or" in an enumeration of items (which may end in "at least one of" or "one or more of") indicates a disjunctive enumeration, such as the enumeration "at least one of A, B, or C," or "one or more of A, B, or C," or "A or B or C," meaning A, or B, or C, or AB (A and B), or AC (A and C), or BC (B and C), or ABC (i.e., A and B and C), or a combination of two or more features (e.g., AA, AAB, ABBC, etc.). Accordingly, a statement that an item, for example, a processor, is configured to perform a function of at least one of A or B, or that an item is configured to perform function A or function B, means that the item may be configured to perform a function of A, or may be configured to perform a function of B, or may be configured to perform functions of both A and B. For example, the phrase "a processor configured to measure at least one of A or B" or "a processor configured to measure A or B" means that the processor may be configured to measure A (and may or may not be configured to measure B), or may be configured to measure B (and may or may not be configured to measure A), or may be configured to measure A and B (and may be configured to choose whether to measure A or B, or to choose whether to measure both A and B). Similarly, the statement "means for measuring at least one of A or B" includes means for measuring A (which may or may not be capable of measuring B), or means for measuring B (which may or may not be configured to measure A), or means for measuring A and B (which may be capable of choosing whether to measure A or B, or to choose whether to measure both A and B).As another example, the statement that an item, for example, a processor, is configured to perform at least one of the following: performing function X or performing function Y, means that the item may be configured to perform function X, or may be configured to perform function Y, or may be configured to perform function X and function Y. For example, the phrase "a processor configured to perform at least one of the following: measuring X or measuring Y" means that the processor may be configured to measure X (and may or may not be configured to measure Y), or may be configured to measure Y (and may or may not be configured to measure X), or may be configured to measure X and Y (and may be configured to choose whether to measure X or Y, or to choose whether to measure X and Y). Significant modifications may be made depending on the specific requirements. For example, customized hardware may also be used, and / or certain elements may be performed in hardware, software run by the processor (including portable software such as applets), or both. Furthermore, connectivity to other computing devices, such as network input / output devices, may be utilized.

[0071]

[0089] The systems and devices described above are examples. Various configurations may omit, substitute, or add various procedures or components as needed. For example, features described in relation to a particular configuration may be combined in various other configurations. Different aspects and elements of configurations may be combined in the same way. Furthermore, technology evolves, and therefore many of the elements are examples and do not limit the scope of this disclosure or the claims.

[0072]

[0090] A wireless communication system is a communication system in which communication is wireless, that is, carried by electromagnetic waves and / or sound waves that propagate through the atmosphere rather than through wires or other physical connections. A wireless communication network is configured to allow at least some communications to be transmitted wirelessly, although not all communications are necessarily transmitted wirelessly. Furthermore, the term “wireless communication device” or similar terms does not require that the functionality of the device is exclusively or even primarily for communication, or that the device is a mobile device, but that the device includes wireless communication capabilities (one-way or two-way), for example, including at least one radio for wireless communication (each radio being part of a transmitter, receiver, or transceiver).

[0073]

[0091] Specific details are provided herein to provide a complete understanding of exemplary configurations (including implementations). However, configurations can be practiced without these specific details. For example, well-known circuits, processes, algorithms, structures, and techniques are shown without unnecessary details to avoid obscuring the configurations. This description provides exemplary configurations and does not limit the claims, applicability, or configurations. Rather, the foregoing description of configurations provides a description of implementing the described techniques. Various modifications can be made to the function and arrangement of elements without departing from the spirit or scope of this disclosure.

[0074]

[0092] As used herein, the terms “processor-readable medium,” “machine-readable medium,” and “computer-readable medium” refer to any medium involved in providing data that causes a machine to operate in a particular manner. Using a computing platform, various processor-readable media may be involved in providing instructions / code to a processor(s) to execute and / or may be used to store and / or carry such instructions / code (e.g., signals). In many implementations, processor-readable media are physical and / or tangible storage media. Such media can take many forms, including but not limited to non-volatile media and volatile media. Non-volatile media include, for example, optical disks and / or magnetic disks. Volatile media include, but are not limited to, dynamic memory.

[0075]

[0093] The phrase "the value exceeds (or is greater than or above) the first threshold" is equivalent to saying that the value meets or exceeds a second threshold that is slightly greater than the first threshold, for example, the second threshold being a single value higher than the first threshold in the resolution of the computing system. The phrase "the value is less than (or is within or below) the first threshold" is equivalent to saying that the value is less than or equal to a second threshold that is slightly lower than the first threshold, for example, the second threshold being a single value lower than the first threshold in the resolution of the computing system.

[0076]

[0094] Implementation examples are described in the following numbered clauses.

[0077]

[0095] Clause 1. A method for transmitting a distance measurement signal from a mobile device, comprising: receiving biometric information associated with a user using the mobile device; generating a distance measurement signal including instructions for the biometric information using the mobile device; and transmitting the distance measurement signal using the mobile device.

[0078]

[0096] Clause 2. The method according to Clause 1, wherein the ranging signal is a control phase message in an ultra-wideband (UWB) ranging session.

[0079]

[0097] Clause 3. The method of Clause 2, wherein the control phase message utilizes an out-of-band signal based on at least one of the WiFi protocol or the Bluetooth protocol.

[0080]

[0098] Clause 4. The method according to Clause 1, wherein the ranging signal is transmitted in a ranging phase message in an ultra-wideband (UWB) ranging session.

[0081]

[0099] Clause 5. The ranging signal is based on the WiFi ranging protocol as described in Clause 1.

[0082]

[0100] Clause 6. The method described in Clause 1, where biometric information is based on fingerprint scanning, voice input, camera input, user gait information, or any combination thereof.

[0083]

[0101] Clause 7. A method for authenticating a user of a mobile device using ranging and biometric information, comprising: receiving biometric information about a user of a mobile device at a first wireless node; determining the distance to the mobile device from the first wireless node; and authenticating the user and the distance to the mobile device based at least in part on the biometric information.

[0084]

[0102] Clause 8. The method of Clause 7, wherein receiving biometric information about a user of a mobile device includes receiving one or more ranging messages containing biometric information.

[0085]

[0103] Clause 9. The method described in Clause 8, wherein one or more ranging messages are transmitted in an ultra-wideband (UWB) ranging session.

[0086]

[0104] Clause 10. The method according to Clause 8, wherein the distance to the mobile device is determined at least in part based on one or more ranging messages.

[0087]

[0105] Clause 11. The method described in Clause 7, which includes receiving biometric information about a user of a mobile device from a biosensor at an access point.

[0088]

[0106] Clause 12. The method of Clause 7, further comprising activating one or more actions in response to determining that the user is authentic and the distance to the mobile device is within a threshold.

[0089]

[0107] Clause 13. The method of Clause 12, wherein activating one or more actions includes unlocking the doors of a vehicle or unlocking the doors of a building.

[0090]

[0108] Clause 14. Determining the distance to a mobile device is based on a WiFi ranging session, as described in Clause 7.

[0091]

[0109] Clause 15. The method described in Clause 7, where biometric information is based on fingerprint scanning, voice input, camera input, user gait information, or any combination thereof.

[0092]

[0110] Clause 16. A method for mapping between biometric information and a ranging session, comprising: receiving biometric information associated with a user via one or more biosensors at a first time; authenticating the user based on the biometric information; acquiring one or more radio frequency signals transmitted from a mobile device associated with the user at a first time in close proximity; and storing one or more radio frequency signals and signal information associated with the mobile device.

[0093]

[0111] Clause 17. The method according to Clause 16, wherein one or more radio frequency signals are transmitted in an ultra-wideband (UWB) ranging session.

[0094]

[0112] Clause 18. The method according to Clause 17, wherein one or more biosensors are located within a mobile device, and one or more radio frequency signals include instructions for biometric information.

[0095]

[0113] Clause 19. One or more radio frequency signals, based on the WiFi ranging protocol, as described in Clause 16.

[0096]

[0114] Clause 20. The method according to Clause 16, wherein one or more biosensors are located in close proximity to the access point.

[0097]

[0115] Clause 21. The method according to Clause 20, further comprising: obtaining one or more measurements at a second time based on a second radio frequency signal transmitted from a mobile device; determining a correlation between biometric information associated with a user and one or more measurements; and authenticating the user based at least in part on the correlation.

[0098]

[0116] Clause 22. The method described in Clause 21, further comprising activating one or more actions in response to authenticating a user.

[0099]

[0117] Clause 23. The method of Clause 22, wherein activating one or more actions includes unlocking the doors of a vehicle or unlocking the doors of a building.

[0100]

[0118] Clause 24. An apparatus comprising memory, at least one transceiver, and at least one processor communicatively coupled to the memory and at least one transceiver, wherein the at least one processor is configured to receive biometric information associated with a user, generate a ranging signal including instructions for the biometric information, and transmit the ranging signal.

[0101]

[0119] Clause 25. The apparatus described in Clause 24, wherein the ranging signal is a control phase message in an ultra-wideband (UWB) ranging session.

[0102]

[0120] Clause 26. The device described in Clause 25, wherein the control phase message utilizes an out-of-band signal transmitted over at least one of the WiFi protocol or the Bluetooth protocol.

[0103]

[0121] Clause 27. The apparatus described in Clause 24, wherein the ranging signal is transmitted in a ranging phase message during an ultra-wideband (UWB) ranging session.

[0104]

[0122] Clause 28. The device described in Clause 24, on which the ranging signal is transmitted over the WiFi ranging protocol.

[0105]

[0123] Clause 29. A device as described in Clause 24, based on biometric information such as fingerprint scanning, voice input, camera input, user gait information, or any combination thereof.

[0106]

[0124] Clause 30. A device comprising memory, at least one transceiver, and at least one processor communicatively coupled to the memory and at least one transceiver, wherein the at least one processor is configured to receive biometric information about a user of a mobile device, determine the distance to the mobile device, and authenticate the user and the distance to the mobile device, at least in part, based on the biometric information.

[0107]

[0125] Clause 31. The apparatus according to Clause 30, wherein at least one processor is further configured to receive one or more ranging messages containing biometric information about a user of a mobile device.

[0108]

[0126] Clause 32. The apparatus described in Clause 31, which transmits one or more ranging messages in an ultra-wideband (UWB) ranging session.

[0109]

[0127] Clause 33. The apparatus according to Clause 31, further configured to determine the distance to a mobile device based at least in part on one or more ranging messages.

[0110]

[0128] Clause 34. The apparatus according to Clause 30, wherein at least one processor is further configured to receive biometric information about the user of a mobile device based on user input to a biosensor at an access point.

[0111]

[0129] Clause 35. The apparatus according to Clause 30, wherein at least one processor is further configured to activate one or more actions in response to a user determining that they are genuine and the distance to the mobile device is within a threshold.

[0112]

[0130] Clause 36. The apparatus described in Clause 35, wherein at least one processor is further configured to unlock a vehicle door or a building door.

[0113]

[0131] Clause 37. The apparatus described in Clause 30, further configured to have at least one processor that determines the distance to a mobile device based on a WiFi ranging session.

[0114]

[0132] Clause 38. The apparatus according to Clause 30, wherein at least one processor is further configured to determine biometric information based on fingerprint scanning, voice input, camera input, user gait information, or any combination thereof.

[0115]

[0133] Clause 39. A device comprising memory, at least one transceiver, and at least one processor communicatively coupled to the memory and at least one transceiver, wherein the at least one processor is configured to receive biometric information associated with a user via one or more biosensors in a first time, authenticate the user based on the biometric information, acquire one or more radio frequency signals transmitted from a mobile device associated with the user in the first time, and store one or more radio frequency signals and signal information associated with the mobile device.

[0116]

[0134] Clause 40. The apparatus described in Clause 39, which transmits one or more radio frequency signals in an ultra-wideband (UWB) ranging session.

[0117]

[0135] Clause 41. The apparatus described in Clause 40, wherein one or more biosensors are located within the mobile device, and one or more radio frequency signals include instructions for biometric information.

[0118]

[0136] Clause 42. The device described in Clause 39, which transmits one or more radio frequency signals in a WiFi ranging session.

[0119]

[0137] Clause 43. The apparatus described in Clause 39, wherein one or more biosensors are located in close proximity to the access point.

[0120]

[0138] Clause 44. The apparatus according to Clause 43, further configured to have at least one processor that, based on a second radio frequency signal transmitted from a mobile device, acquires one or more measurements in a second time, determines a correlation between biometric information associated with a user and one or more measurements, and authenticates the user on at least a portion of the correlation.

[0121]

[0139] Clause 45. The apparatus described in Clause 44, wherein at least one processor is further configured to activate one or more actions in response to authenticating a user.

[0122]

[0140] Clause 46. The apparatus described in Clause 45, wherein at least one processor is further configured to unlock the doors of a vehicle or the doors of a building.

[0123]

[0141] 47. An apparatus for transmitting a distance measurement signal from a mobile device, comprising: means for receiving biometric information associated with a user using the mobile device; means for generating a distance measurement signal including instructions for biometric information using the mobile device; and means for transmitting a distance measurement signal using the mobile device.

[0124]

[0142] Clause 48. An apparatus for authenticating a user of a mobile device using distance measurement and biometric information, comprising: means for receiving biometric information about a user of a mobile device at a first wireless node; means for determining the distance to the mobile device from the first wireless node; and means for authenticating the user and the distance to the mobile device, at least in part, based on the biometric information.

[0125]

[0143] Clause 49. Apparatus for mapping between biometric information and a ranging session, comprising: means for receiving biometric information associated with a user via one or more biosensors at a first time; means for authenticating the user based on the biometric information; means for acquiring one or more radio frequency signals transmitted from a mobile device associated with the user in proximity at a first time; and means for storing one or more radio frequency signals and signal information associated with the mobile device.

[0126]

[0144] Clause 50. The apparatus according to Clause 49, wherein one or more biosensors are positioned in close proximity to an access point, and the apparatus further comprises means for acquiring one or more measurements at a second time based on a second radio frequency signal transmitted from a mobile device, means for determining a correlation between biometric information associated with a user and one or more measurements, and means for authenticating a user at least in part on the correlation.

[0127]

[0145] Clause 51. A non-temporary processor-readable storage medium comprising processor-readable instructions, wherein the processor-readable instructions are configured to cause one or more processors to transmit a distance measurement signal from a mobile device, and further comprising: code for receiving user-associated biometric information using a mobile device; code for generating a distance measurement signal including instructions for biometric information using a mobile device; and code for transmitting a distance measurement signal using a mobile device.

[0128]

[0146] Clause 52. A non-temporary processor-readable storage medium comprising processor-readable instructions, wherein the processor-readable instructions are configured to cause one or more processors to authenticate a user of a mobile device using distance measurement and biometric information, and the non-temporary processor-readable storage medium comprises: a code for receiving biometric information about the user of a mobile device at a first wireless node; a code for determining the distance to the mobile device from the first wireless node; and a code for authenticating the user and the distance to the mobile device, at least in part, based on the biometric information.

[0129]

[0147] Clause 53. A non-temporary processor-readable storage medium comprising processor-readable instructions, wherein the processor-readable instructions are configured to cause one or more processors to map biometric information between a ranging session, and the non-temporary processor-readable storage medium comprises: a code for receiving biometric information associated with a user via one or more biosensors at a first time; a code for authenticating the user based on the biometric information; a code for acquiring one or more radio frequency signals transmitted from a mobile device associated with the user in proximity at a first time; and a code for storing one or more radio frequency signals and signal information associated with the mobile device.

[0130]

[0148] Clause 54. A non-temporary processor-readable storage medium as described in Clause 53, further comprising: one or more biosensors positioned in close proximity to an access point; a code for acquiring one or more measurements in a second time based on a second radio frequency signal transmitted from a mobile device; a code for determining a correlation between biometric information associated with a user and one or more measurements; and a code for authenticating the user based at least in part on the correlation.

Claims

1. A method for transmitting a distance measurement signal from a mobile device, Receiving biometric information associated with the user using the aforementioned mobile device, The mobile device is used to generate the distance measurement signal which includes instructions for the biological information, The distance measurement signal is transmitted using the aforementioned mobile device, Methods that include...

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the distance measurement signal is a control phase message in an ultra-wideband (UWB) distance measurement session.

3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the control phase message utilizes an out-of-band signal based on at least one of the Wi-Fi protocol or the Bluetooth protocol.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the distance measurement signal is transmitted in a distance measurement phase message in an ultra-wideband (UWB) distance measurement session.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the distance measurement signal is based on a Wi-Fi distance measurement protocol.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the biometric information is based on a fingerprint scan, voice input, camera input, user gait information, or any combination thereof.

7. A method for authenticating a mobile device user using distance measurement and biometric information, The first wireless node receives biometric information about the user of the mobile device, Determining the distance from the first wireless node to the mobile device, Authenticating the distance to the user and the mobile device based at least partially on the aforementioned biometric information, Includes, method.

8. The method according to claim 7, wherein receiving the biometric information of the user of the mobile device includes receiving one or more distance measurement messages containing the biometric information.

9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the one or more distance measurement messages are transmitted in an ultra-wideband (UWB) distance measurement session.

10. The method according to claim 8, wherein the distance to the mobile device is determined at least in part based on the one or more distance measurement messages.

11. The method according to claim 7, wherein receiving the biometric information of the user of the mobile device includes receiving input from a biosensor at an access point.

12. The method according to claim 7, further comprising activating one or more actions in response to determining that the user is authentic and that the distance to the mobile device is within a threshold.

13. The method according to claim 12, wherein activating one or more of the aforementioned actions includes unlocking a vehicle door or unlocking a building door.

14. The method according to claim 7, wherein determining the distance to the mobile device is based on a Wi-Fi distance measurement session.

15. The method according to claim 7, wherein the biometric information is based on a fingerprint scan, voice input, camera input, user gait information, or any combination thereof.

16. A method for mapping between biometric information and a ranging session, Receiving biometric information associated with the user via one or more biosensors at a first time interval, Authenticating the user based on the aforementioned biometric information, Acquiring one or more radio frequency signals transmitted from a mobile device associated with the user in close proximity to the first time, The system stores one or more radio frequency signals and signal information associated with the mobile device. Methods that include...

17. The method according to claim 16, wherein the one or more radio frequency signals are transmitted in an ultra-wideband (UWB) ranging session.

18. The method according to claim 17, wherein the one or more biosensors are located within the mobile device, and the one or more radio frequency signals include instructions for the biometric information.

19. The method according to claim 16, wherein the one or more radio frequency signals are based on a Wi-Fi ranging protocol.

20. The method according to claim 16, wherein the one or more biosensors are arranged in close proximity to the access point.

21. Based on a second radio frequency signal transmitted from the mobile device, one or more measurements are obtained in a second time period. To determine the correlation between the biometric information associated with the user and the one or more measured values, Authenticating the user based at least partially on the aforementioned correlation, Further including, The method according to claim 20.

22. The method according to claim 21, further comprising activating one or more actions in response to authenticating the user.

23. The method according to claim 22, wherein activating one or more of the aforementioned actions includes unlocking a vehicle door or unlocking a building door.

24. Memory and At least one transceiver, The memory and at least one processor communicatively coupled to the at least one transceiver, The at least one processor is provided Receive biometric information associated with the user, A distance measurement signal including the instructions for the aforementioned biological information is generated, The distance measurement signal is transmitted, It is structured in such a way. Device.

25. The apparatus according to claim 24, wherein the distance measurement signal is a control phase message in an ultra-wideband (UWB) distance measurement session.

26. The apparatus according to claim 25, wherein the control phase message utilizes an out-of-band signal transmitted over at least one of the Wi-Fi protocol or the Bluetooth protocol.

27. The apparatus according to claim 24, wherein the distance measurement signal is transmitted in a distance measurement phase message in an ultra-wideband (UWB) distance measurement session.

28. The apparatus according to claim 24, wherein the distance measurement signal is transmitted over the Wi-Fi distance measurement protocol.

29. The apparatus according to claim 24, wherein the biometric information is based on fingerprint scanning, voice input, camera input, user gait information, or any combination thereof.

30. Memory and At least one transceiver, The memory and at least one processor communicatively coupled to the at least one transceiver, The at least one processor is The mobile device receives biometric information about the user, Determine the distance to the aforementioned mobile device, Based at least partially on the biometric information, the distance to the user and the mobile device is authenticated. It is structured in such a way. Device.

31. The apparatus according to claim 30, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to receive one or more distance measurement messages containing the biometric information of the user of the mobile device.

32. The apparatus according to claim 31, wherein one or more distance measurement messages are transmitted in an ultra-wideband (UWB) distance measurement session.

33. The apparatus according to claim 31, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to determine the distance to the mobile device based at least in part on the one or more ranging messages.

34. The apparatus according to claim 30, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to receive the biometric information about the user of the mobile device based on user input to a biosensor at an access point.

35. The apparatus according to claim 30, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to activate one or more actions in response to the user determining that the user is genuine and the distance to the mobile device is within a threshold.

36. The apparatus according to claim 35, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to unlock a vehicle door or a building door.

37. The apparatus according to claim 30, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to determine the distance to the mobile device based on a Wi-Fi ranging session.

38. The apparatus according to claim 30, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to determine the biometric information based on a fingerprint scan, voice input, camera input, user gait information, or any combination thereof.

39. Memory and At least one transceiver, The memory and at least one processor communicatively coupled to the at least one transceiver, The at least one processor is Biometric information associated with the user is received at a first time interval via one or more biosensors. The user is authenticated based on the aforementioned biometric information, One or more radio frequency signals transmitted from a mobile device associated with the user are acquired in close proximity to the first time. The system stores one or more radio frequency signals and signal information associated with the mobile device. It is structured in such a way. Device.

40. The apparatus according to claim 39, wherein one or more radio frequency signals are transmitted in an ultra-wideband (UWB) ranging session.

41. The apparatus according to claim 40, wherein the one or more biosensors are located within the mobile device, and the one or more radio frequency signals include instructions for the biometric information.

42. The apparatus according to claim 39, wherein one or more radio frequency signals are transmitted in a Wi-Fi ranging session.

43. The apparatus according to claim 39, wherein one or more of the biosensors are arranged in close proximity to the access point.

44. The aforementioned at least one processor, Based on the second radio frequency signal transmitted from the mobile device, one or more measurements are obtained in a second time period. Determine the correlation between the biometric information associated with the user and the one or more measured values. The apparatus according to claim 43, further configured to authenticate the user based at least in part on the correlation.

45. The apparatus according to claim 44, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to activate one or more actions in response to authenticating the user.

46. The apparatus according to claim 45, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to unlock a vehicle door or a building door.

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