Heatable photochromic laminate and method for manufacturing the same

Abstract

A heatable optical laminate is provided. The heatable optical laminate includes a first optical element comprising a first polymer film layer including a first surface and a second surface, and electrodes disposed on at least a portion of the first surface, the electrodes comprising a conductive three-dimensional network; a second optical element comprising a second polymer film layer including the first surface and the second surface, and a photochromic adhesive layer on at least a portion of the first surface comprising at least one photochromic material and at least one adhesive; and a power supply electrically connected to the electrodes of the first optical element. The electrodes of the first optical element are bonded to at least a portion of the photochromic adhesive layer of the second optical element. A method for manufacturing the heatable optical laminate is also provided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a heatable optical laminate and a method for manufacturing a heatable optical laminate. In particular, the present invention includes a first polymer film layer including a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface, and an electrode disposed on at least a part of the first surface, the electrode having a conductive three-dimensional network; a first optical element; a second polymer film layer including a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface, and a photochromic adhesive layer disposed on at least a part of the first surface and including at least one photochromic material and at least one adhesive; a second optical element; and a heatable optical laminate having a power source electrically connected to the electrode of the first element, wherein the electrode of the first optical element is adhered to at least a part of the photochromic adhesive layer of the second optical element.

Background Art

[0002] Depending on a specific wavelength of electromagnetic radiation (e.g., actinic radiation), a photochromic compound typically undergoes a conversion from one form or state, each form having a characteristic or distinguishable absorption spectrum associated therewith, to another state or form. Typically, when exposed to actinic radiation, many photochromic compounds change from a closed form corresponding to an inactive (or bleached) state (e.g., substantially colorless) to an open form corresponding to an active (or colored) state. When the actinic radiation is removed, the photochromic compound can reversibly change from the active or colored state to the inactive or bleached state. A "thermally reversible photochromic compound" is a photochromic compound that changes from an inactive or bleached state to an active or colored state in response to actinic radiation and returns to the inactive or bleached state in response to thermal energy.

[0003] Compositions and articles containing a photochromic material or having a photochromic material applied thereto, for example, in the form of a photochromic laminate, such as eyeglass lenses, typically exhibit a colorless state and a colored state corresponding to the colorless state and / or colored state of the photochromic material contained therein and / or applied thereto.

[0004] However, the fade rate from an active or colored state to an inactive or colorless state can depend on the ambient temperature. For example, the switching time of a photochromic material from an active or colored state to an inactive or colorless state may be gradual at low temperatures. It would be desirable to develop optical laminates that can heat the photochromic material within the optical laminate to improve the fade rate of the photochromic material. [Overview of the project] [Means for solving the problem]

[0005] In some non-limiting examples or embodiments of the present disclosure, a heatable optical laminate is provided. The heatable optical laminate includes a first optical element comprising a first polymer film layer including a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface, and electrodes disposed on at least a portion of the first surface, the electrodes comprising a conductive three-dimensional network; a second optical element comprising a second polymer film layer including a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface, and a photochromic adhesive layer on at least a portion of the first surface, comprising at least one photochromic material and at least one adhesive; and a power supply electrically connected to the electrodes of the first element. The electrodes of the first optical element are bonded to at least a portion of the photochromic adhesive layer of the second optical element.

[0006] In some non-limiting examples or embodiments of the present disclosure, a method for manufacturing a heat-resistant optical laminate is provided. The method includes providing a first optical element, the first optical element comprising electrodes on at least a portion of a first surface of a first polymer film layer, the electrodes comprising a conductive three-dimensional network of conductive material; forming a second optical element, the second optical element comprising applying a photochromic adhesive composition comprising at least one photochromic material and at least one thermoplastic adhesive on at least a portion of a first surface of a second polymer film layer; positioning the electrodes of the first optical element in contact with the photochromic adhesive composition of the second optical element; laminating the first optical element and the second optical element; and connecting a power supply to the electrodes of the first element.

[0007] A heat-resistant optical laminate and a method for manufacturing a heat-resistant optical laminate may be characterized by one or more of the following embodiments.

[0008] In a first embodiment, the heatable optical laminate includes a first optical element comprising a first polymer film layer including a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface, and electrodes disposed on at least a portion of the first surface, the electrodes comprising a conductive three-dimensional network; a second optical element comprising a second polymer film layer including a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface, and a photochromic adhesive layer on at least a portion of the first surface comprising at least one photochromic material and at least one adhesive; and a power supply electrically connected to the electrodes of the first element, the electrodes of the first optical element being bonded to at least a portion of the photochromic adhesive layer of the second optical element.

[0009] In a second embodiment, the heatable optical laminate according to the first embodiment further includes one or more busbars or electrical leads in electrical contact with electrodes, the one or more busbars or electrical leads being electrically connected to a power source.

[0010] In a third embodiment, in a heatable optical laminate according to the first or second embodiment, the conductive three-dimensional network comprises a conductive material including conductive nanowires.

[0011] In a fourth embodiment, in a heatable optical laminate according to the third embodiment, the conductive nanowires include silver nanowires, nickel nanowires, copper nanowires, carbon nanotube-coated silver nanowires, or a combination of two or more thereof.

[0012] In the fifth embodiment, in the heatable optical laminate according to the fourth embodiment, the conductive nanowires include silver nanowires.

[0013] In the sixth embodiment, in a heatable optical laminate according to any one embodiment of the first to fifth embodiments, the electrodes further include a conductive sealing layer adjacent to a conductive three-dimensional network.

[0014] In the seventh embodiment, in a heatable optical laminate according to the sixth embodiment, the conductive sealing layer comprises a conductive sealing material including a conductive polymer, a doped metal oxide, and / or carbon nanotubes.

[0015] In the eighth aspect, in the heatable optical laminate according to the seventh aspect, the conductive polymer comprises poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS).

[0016] In the ninth aspect, in a heatable optical laminate according to the seventh aspect, the conductive sealant comprises a doped metal oxide selected from aluminum-doped zinc oxide or indium-doped tin oxide.

[0017] In the tenth embodiment, in an optical laminate according to any one embodiment of the first to ninth embodiments, at least one adhesive comprises a thermoplastic polyurethane resin, an acrylic block copolymer, or a combination thereof.

[0018] In the eleventh embodiment, in an optical laminate according to any one embodiment of the first to tenth embodiments, the electrode is located between the first polymer film layer and the photochromic adhesive layer.

[0019] In the twelfth embodiment, in an optical laminate according to any one embodiment of the first to eleventh embodiments, the electrodes have a sheet resistance of less than 60 ohms (Ω / □) per square meter, and the first optical element has a visible light transmittance of at least 80%.

[0020] In the 13th embodiment, in an optical laminate according to any one embodiment of the 1st to 12th embodiments, the optical laminate has a visible light transmittance of at least 75%.

[0021] In the 14th embodiment, in an optical laminate according to any one embodiment of the 1st to 13th embodiments, the first polymer film layer and / or the second polymer film layer comprises a polymer material including polycarbonate, polycyclic alkene, polyurethane, poly(urea)urethane, polythiourethane, polythio(urea)urethane, polyol (allyl carbonate), cellulose acetate, cellulose diacetate, cellulose triacetate, cellulose acetate propionate, cellulose acetate butyrate, poly(vinyl acetate), poly(vinyl alcohol), poly(vinyl chloride), poly(vinylidene chloride), poly(ethylene terephthalate), polyester, polysulfone, polyolefin, polyether, polyamide, polyalkyl (meth)acrylate, polyvinyl butyral, polystyrene, two or more copolymers thereof, or mixtures thereof.

[0022] In a 15th aspect, a method of manufacturing a heatable optical laminate includes providing a first optical element, wherein the first optical element includes an electrode on at least a portion of a first surface of a first polymer film layer, and the electrode includes a conductive three-dimensional network of a conductive material; forming a second optical element, including applying a photochromic adhesive composition including at least one photochromic material and at least one adhesive on at least a portion of a first surface of a second polymer film layer; disposing the electrode of the first optical element in contact with the photochromic adhesive composition of the second optical element; laminating the first optical element and the second optical element; and connecting a power source to the electrode of the first element.

[0023] In a 16th aspect, in the method of manufacturing a heatable optical laminate according to the 15th aspect, the conductive three-dimensional network is formed by applying a dispersion of a conductive material, and the conductive material includes conductive nanowires.

[0024] In a 17th aspect, in the method of manufacturing a heatable optical laminate according to the 16th aspect, the conductive nanowires include silver nanowires, nickel nanowires, copper nanowires, carbon nanotube-coated silver nanowires, or a combination of two or more thereof.

[0025] In an 18th aspect, in the method of manufacturing a heatable optical laminate according to the 17th aspect, the conductive nanowires include silver nanowires.

[0026] In a 19th aspect, in the method of manufacturing a heatable optical laminate according to the 16th aspect, optionally further includes sintering the conductive material to form the conductive three-dimensional network.

[0027] In a 20th aspect, in the method of manufacturing a heatable optical laminate according to the 19th aspect, the conductive material is sintered using electromagnetic radiation.

[0028] In the 21st aspect, a method for producing a heatable optical laminate according to any one of the 15th to 20th aspects further includes applying a conductive encapsulant adjacent to a conductive three-dimensional network to form a conductive encapsulation layer.

[0029] In the 22nd aspect, a method for producing a heatable optical laminate according to the 21st aspect, wherein the conductive encapsulant comprises a conductive polymer, a doped metal oxide, and / or carbon nanotubes.

[0030] In the 23rd aspect, in a method for producing a heatable optical laminate according to the 22nd aspect, the conductive polymer comprises poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS).

[0031] In the 24th aspect, a method for producing a heatable optical laminate according to any one aspect of the 15th to 23rd aspects, wherein at least one adhesive comprises a thermoplastic polyurethane resin, an acrylic acid block copolymer, or a combination thereof.

[0032] In the 25th aspect, a method for producing a heatable optical laminate according to any one of the 15th to 24th aspects further optionally includes heating the optical laminate after lamination.

[0033] In the 26th aspect, the optical article includes a heatable optical laminate according to any one aspect of the 1st to 14th aspects.

[0034] In the 27th aspect, in the optical article according to the 26th aspect, the optical article is an optical element selected from the group consisting of ophthalmic articles, display articles, windows and mirrors, and preferably the ophthalmic article is selected from the group consisting of corrective lenses, non-corrective lenses, contact lenses and protective lenses. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0035] [Figure 1A]These are side views (not to scale) of some examples of heatable optical laminates in this disclosure. [Figure 2A-2B] These are side views (not to scale) of electrodes in some examples of the disclosure. [Figure 3A-3C] These are side views (not to scale) of some examples of heatable optical laminates in this disclosure. [Figure 4] This is a side view (not proportional to actual size) of an optical article according to an example of this disclosure. [Figures 5A-5C] This is a side view (not proportional to actual size) of an optical article according to an example of this disclosure. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0036] As used herein, the singular indefinite and definite articles include multiple references unless the context otherwise explicitly specifies.

[0037] Spatial or directional terms such as "left," "right," "inside," "outside," "up," and "down" are related to the invention as shown in the diagram, but since the present invention can assume various alternative directions, they should not be considered limitations.

[0038] Unless otherwise indicated in the examples of operation or elsewhere, all numbers used in this specification and in the claims to express quantities of ingredients, reaction conditions, etc., should be understood to be modified in all cases by the term “approximately.” “Approximately” means plus or minus 10 percent of the stated value. However, this should not be considered a limitation on any analysis of the value under the doctrine of equivalents.

[0039] Unless otherwise indicated, all ranges or ratios disclosed herein should be understood to include the starting and ending values ​​and encompass any or all subranges or subranges incorporated therein. For example, a range or ratio described as "1 to 10" should be understood to include all subranges or subranges between (and encompassing) the minimum value of 1 and the maximum value of 10 (i.e., all ranges or subranges starting with a minimum value of 1 or greater and ending with a maximum value of 10 or less). Ranges and / or ratios disclosed herein represent the average value over the entire specified range and / or ratio.

[0040] The terms "first," "second," etc., are not intended to refer to any specific order or chronological sequence, but rather to different conditions, characteristics, or elements.

[0041] All documents referenced herein are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

[0042] The term "at least" is synonymous with "more than or equal to".

[0043] The term "not greater than" is synonymous with "less than or equal to".

[0044] As used herein, “at least one of” is synonymous with “one or more of.” For example, the phrase “at least one of A, B, or C” means any one of A, B, or C, or any combination of any two or more of A, B, or C. For example, “at least one of A, B, or C” includes A only; or B only; or C only; or A and B; or A and C; or B and C; or all of A, B, and C.

[0045] As used herein, the term “polymer” means homopolymer (e.g., produced from a single monomer species), copolymer (e.g., produced from at least two monomer species), and graft polymer.

[0046] As used herein, the term "(meth)acrylate" and similar terms (e.g., "(meth)acrylic acid ester") mean derivatives of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid, including acrylic acid esters, methacrylic acid esters, acrylamide, methacrylamide, acrylic acid, and methacrylic acid. As used herein, the term "(meth)acrylic acid" means methacrylic acid and / or acrylic acid.

[0047] The term "adjacent" means being close to, and optionally, being in direct contact.

[0048] The term "includes" is synonymous with "comprises".

[0049] The term "optical" means relating to or relating to light and / or vision. For example, optical elements, articles or devices may be selected from ophthalmic elements, articles and devices; display elements, articles and devices; sun visors; windows; and mirrors.

[0050] Non-exclusive examples of display devices include augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) devices.

[0051] The term "ophthalmic" means relating to or relating to the eye and vision. Non-exclusive examples of ophthalmic articles or elements include corrective and non-corrective lenses, such as monofocal lenses or multifocal lenses, which may be segmented or non-segmented multifocal lenses (e.g., bifocal, trifocal, and progressive lenses, but are not limited to these), as well as other elements used to correct, protect or enhance vision (cosmetic or otherwise), such as contact lenses, intraocular lenses, magnifying lenses and protective lenses, or sun visors, but are not limited to these.

[0052] As used herein, the terms “lens” and “lens group” mean, and include, at least, individual lenses, lens pairs, partially formed (or semi-finished) lenses, fully formed (or finished) lenses, and lens blanks.

[0053] As used herein, the term “transparent,” for example, in relation to substrates, films, materials and / or coatings, means that the indicated substrate, film, material and / or coating has the property of transmitting visible light without significant scattering so that an object beyond it is visually observable.

[0054] As used herein, the term “chemical radiation” means electromagnetic radiation that can cause a response in a material, such as, for example, transforming a photochromic material from one form or state to another, as will be further described herein, but not limited to.

[0055] As used herein, the terms “ultraviolet light,” “UV,” “ultraviolet light,” or “ultraviolet radiation” mean electromagnetic radiation having wavelengths in the range of 10 nm to 400 nm.

[0056] As used herein, the term “coating” means a supported film obtained from a fluid coating material, which may optionally have a uniform thickness. The term “layer” encompasses coatings (e.g., coating layers), films, and sheets, and a single layer may include a combination of separate layers, such as sub-layers and / or over-layers. The verb “to coat” means, in appropriate context, the process of applying a coating material (or group of materials) to a substrate in order to form a coating (or coating layer).

[0057] As used herein, the term “dispersion” means a suspension of particles (e.g., conductive nanowires) in water and / or an organic solvent.

[0058] As used herein, the term “sinter” or “sintering” means the application of heat or light to cause a change in a layer or material. This change may include melting an organic material (e.g., a polymer), burning an organic material (e.g., a polymer), or welding metallic nanomaterials (e.g., nanowires) together.

[0059] As used herein, the terms “formed on…,” “attached on…,” “provided on…,” “coated on…,” “existing on…,” or “placed on…” mean formed on, attached to, provided on, coated on, existing on, or placed on… but do not necessarily imply direct (or in contact) contact with or with the underlying element. For example, a “placed on…” layer on a substrate does not preclude the presence of one or more other layers, coatings or films of the same or different components placed between the placed or formed layer and the substrate.

[0060] The description of the present invention may indicate that certain features are "particularly" or "preferably" (e.g., "preferably," "more preferably," or "even more preferably" within certain limitations) present within certain limitations. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to these specific or preferred limitations but encompasses the entire scope of this disclosure.

[0061] As used herein, the term "alkyl" refers to a linear or branched C1-C 25 This refers to alkyl groups. Linear or branched alkyl groups include C1-C 25 Alkyl, for example, C1-C 20 Alkyl groups, for example, C1-C 12 Alkyl groups, for example, C2-C 10 Examples include alkyl groups, such as C1-C6 alkyl groups.

[0062] The present invention comprises, or substantially comprises, the following examples of the invention in any combination thereof. Various examples of the present invention can be described separately; however, it should be understood that this is for the purpose of illustration and ease of explanation only. In the implementation of the present invention, one or more aspects of the present invention described in one example may be combined with one or more aspects of the present invention described in one or more examples of the other examples.

[0063] The invention described herein relates to a heat-sensitive optical laminate 10. As used herein, “heat-sensitive” means that it can be heated when electrical energy is applied. The heat-sensitive optical laminate 10 includes a first optical element 12 comprising a first polymer film layer 14 including a first surface 16 and a second surface 18 opposite to the first surface 16, and an electrode 20 disposed on at least a portion of the first surface 16, the electrode 20 comprising a conductive three-dimensional network 22; a second optical element 26 comprising a second polymer film layer 28 including a first surface 30 and a second surface 32 opposite to the first surface 30, and a photochromic adhesive layer 34 on at least a portion of the first surface 30 comprising at least one photochromic material and at least one adhesive; and a power supply 36 electrically connected to the electrode 20 of the first optical element 12. The electrode 20 of the first optical element 12 is bonded to at least a portion of the photochromic adhesive layer 34 of the second optical element 26.

[0064] Referring to Figure 1A, the heatable optical laminate 10 includes a first optical element 12 comprising a first polymer film layer 14. The first polymer film layer 14 comprises a first surface 16 and a second surface 18 facing the first surface 16. The first polymer film layer 14 may be made of any desired material having any desired characteristics. Generally, the first polymer film layer 14 may be made of a variety of materials, including, but not limited to, organic materials, inorganic materials, or combinations thereof (e.g., composite materials).

[0065] The first polymer film layer 14 may include a polymer film composed of any of the wide variety of film materials, including thermosetting and thermoplastic materials, that are well known in the optical industry. Specific and non-limiting examples of organic materials that may be used for the first polymer film layer 14 disclosed herein include polymer materials selected from the group consisting of: polycarbonates, polycyclic alkenes, polyurethanes, poly(urea)urethanes, polythiourethanes, polythio(urea)urethanes, polyols (allyl carbonates), cellulose acetate, cellulose diacetate, cellulose triacetate, cellulose acetate propionate, cellulose acetate butyrate, poly(vinyl acetate), poly(vinyl alcohol), poly(vinyl chloride), poly(vinylidene chloride), poly(ethylene terephthalate), polyesters, polysulfones, polyolefins, polyethers, polyamides, polyalkyl (meth)acrylates, polyvinyl butyral, polystyrene copolymers, and mixtures thereof. Particularly useful are polycarbonates, such as bisphenol A-based polycarbonates, due to their compatibility with insert injection molding technology, their high transparency, impact resistance, and high refractive index.

[0066] One non-limiting example of an inorganic material suitable for the first polymer film layer 14 is glass.

[0067] The first polymer film layer 14 may be an untinted, tinted, linearly polarized, circularly polarized, elliptically polarized, and / or photochromic polymer film layer. As used herein, with respect to a polymer film layer, the term "untinted" means a polymer film layer substantially free of colorant additions (but not limited to conventional dyes, etc.) and having an absorption spectrum for visible radiation that does not change significantly in response to chemical radiation. Furthermore, with respect to a polymer film layer, the term "tinted" means an optical substrate having a colorant addition (but not limited to conventional dyes, etc.) and having an absorption spectrum for visible radiation that does not change significantly in response to chemical radiation. As used herein, the term "linearly polarized" means a polymer film layer adapted to linearly deflect radiation (i.e., restrict the vibration of the electrical vector of the light wave to one direction). As used herein, the term "circularly polarized" means a polymer film layer adapted to circularly deflect radiation. As used herein, the term “elliptic polarization” in relation to a polymer film layer refers to an optical substrate adapted to elliptically deflect radiation.

[0068] The first optical element 12 of the heatable optical laminate 10 further includes an electrode 20 disposed on at least a portion of the first surface 16 of the first polymer film layer 14. The electrode 20 includes a conductive three-dimensional network 22. As used herein, “conductive three-dimensional network” means a three-dimensional unstructured array of conductive materials having a continuous electrical path when in contact with electrical energy.

[0069] The conductive three-dimensional network 22 includes a conductive material. Suitable conductive materials for the conductive three-dimensional network include, but are not limited to, conductive nanowires. Conductive nanowires can be selected from silver nanowires, nickel nanowires, copper nanowires, carbon nanotube-coated silver nanowires, and combinations of two or more of these. The nanowires (e.g., silver nanowires) may optionally be coated with a polymer such as polyvinylpyrrolidone.

[0070] For example, the conductive material of the conductive three-dimensional network 22 can be silver nanowires. Silver nanowires can have lengths ranging from 1 micrometer (μm) to 100 μm, for example, 5 μm to 60 μm, or 10 μm to 30 μm.

[0071] For example, silver nanowires can have diameters ranging from 10 nanometers (nm) to 150 nm, such as 10 nm to 80 nm, 10 nm to 100 nm, or 10 nm to 60 nm.

[0072] The electrode 20 may further include a conductive sealing layer 24 positioned adjacent to and in direct contact with the conductive three-dimensional network 22, as shown in Figure 2A. The conductive sealing layer 24 contains a conductive sealing material. Suitable conductive sealing materials include, but are not limited to, conductive polymers, doped metal oxides, carbon nanotubes, and combinations thereof. The conductive sealing material of the conductive sealing layer 24 may include a conductive polymer containing poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS). PEDOT:PSS may be optionally doped with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) or methanol. The conductive sealing material of the conductive sealing layer 24 may also include, but is not limited to, a doped metal oxide such as aluminum-doped zinc oxide or indium-doped tin oxide. The conductive sealing material of the conductive sealing layer 24 may also contain carbon nanotubes. Carbon nanotubes can be coated together with polymer binders such as polyester polymers, acrylic binders, and / or polyurethane binders.

[0073] The conductive sealing layer 24 can be placed on the conductive three-dimensional network 22 to form the electrode 20, as shown in Figure 2A. Alternatively, the conductive three-dimensional network 22 may be located between the first conductive sealing layer 241 and the second conductive sealing layer 242, as shown in Figure 2B.

[0074] The electrodes 20 of the heat-resistant optical laminate 10 have a sheet resistance of less than 60 ohms per square (Ω / □). For example, the sheet resistance of the electrodes 20 of the heat-resistant optical laminate 10 can be less than 40 Ω / □ or less than 30 Ω / □. The sheet resistance can be in the range of 5 Ω / □ to 60 Ω / □, for example, 5 Ω / □ to 50 Ω / □, 5 Ω / □ to 40 Ω / □, 5 Ω / □ to 30 Ω / □, or 5 Ω / □ to 20 Ω / □. The sheet resistance can be measured by a four-prong probe.

[0075] The first optical element 12 can have a visible light transmittance of at least 80% when measured by a spectrophotometer such as UltraScan Pro (HunterLab). The visible light transmittance of the first optical element 12 can be at least 80% or at least 85% when measured by a spectrophotometer such as UltraScan Pro (photopic).

[0076] The first optical element 12 may have a haze value of less than 5%, for example, less than 3%, or less than 2%, when measured using haze-gard plus (BYK-Gardner) according to ASTM D1003 (Method B).

[0077] Continuing to refer to Figure 1A, the heatable optical laminate 10 includes a second optical element 26 comprising a second polymer film layer 28. The second polymer film layer 28 comprises a first surface 30 and a second surface 32 facing the first surface 30. The second polymer film layer 28 may be of any desired material having any desired characteristics. The second polymer film layer 28 may be any of the materials described herein with respect to the first polymer film layer 14, but not limited to organic materials, inorganic materials, or combinations thereof (e.g., composite materials). The second polymer film layer 28 may be the same as the first polymer film layer 14. Alternatively, the second polymer film layer 28 may be different from the first polymer film layer 14. Optionally, the second polymer film layer 28 may include an ordered polymer film, such as those known to those skilled in the art as being formed by extrusion or stretching.

[0078] The first polymer film layer 14 and / or the second polymer film layer 28 may each independently further contain any of a wide variety of additives to affect or enhance one or more of the processing and / or performance characteristics of the layers. Non-limiting examples of such additives include dyes, photoinitiators, thermal initiators, polymerization inhibitors, solvents, light stabilizers (e.g., but not limited to ultraviolet light absorbers and hindered amine light stabilizers (HALS)), thermal stabilizers, mold release agents, rheology regulators, leveling agents (e.g., but not limited to surfactants), free radical scavengers, and adhesion promoters.

[0079] The first polymer film layer 14 and / or the second polymer film layer 28 may each independently consist of a single layer (or ply) of any one of the materials described above; or each of the first polymer film layer 14 and / or the second polymer film layer 28 may independently consist of multiple layers of one of the materials described above; or each of the first polymer film layer 14 and / or the second polymer film layer 28 may independently consist of multiple layers of various materials, such as any of those described above. The thicknesses of the first polymer film layer 14 and the second polymer film layer 28 are independent of each other and can vary widely depending on the type of material containing the polymer film layer and its desired end application.

[0080] Generally, the first polymer film layer 14 and / or the second polymer film layer 28 may each independently have a thickness in the range of 25 μm to 2000 μm, for example, 100 μm to 1000 μm, or 100 μm to 500 μm. The thickness of each layer of the first polymer film layer 14 and the second polymer film layer 28 may independently be in the range of any of the values ​​described above (including the values ​​described).

[0081] The second optical element 26 of the heatable optical laminate 10 further includes a photochromic adhesive layer 34 comprising at least one photochromic material and at least one adhesive, which is disposed on at least a portion of the first surface 30 of the second polymer film layer 28.

[0082] As used herein, the term "photochromic material" includes thermoreversible photochromic compounds.

[0083] As used herein, the terms “first” and “second” are intended to refer to two different conditions or characteristics, not to any particular order or time series, in order to modify the term “state.” For non-limiting illustrative purposes, the first and second states of a photochromic material may differ with respect to at least one optical property, e.g., absorption of visible light and / or UV radiation, for example. Thus, the photochromic material of the present invention may have different absorption spectra in each of the first and second states. For example, the photochromic material of the present invention may be clear in the first state and colored in the second state, for example. Alternatively, the photochromic material of the present invention may have a first color in the first state and a second color in the second state.

[0084] Generally, but not limited herein, when two or more photochromic materials are used in combination with each other, these various materials may be selected to complement each other in order to produce a desired color or hue. For example, a mixture of photochromic materials may be used as disclosed herein to achieve certain activated colors, such as near-neutral gray or near-neutral brown. See, for example, column 12, line 66 to column 13, line 19 of U.S. Patent No. 5,645,767, which describes the parameters defining neutral gray and neutral brown. The disclosures thereof are incorporated herein by reference.

[0085] Photochromic materials may include any of the wide variety of organic and inorganic photochromic materials. Photochromic materials (one or more) are not limited to, but include the following types of materials: chromenes, e.g., naphthopyrans, benzopyrans, indeno-condensed naphthopyrans, phenantropyrans, or mixtures thereof; spiropyrans, e.g., spiro(bendindoline)naphthopyrans, spiro(indoline)benzopyrans, spiro(indoline)naphthopyrans, spiro(indoline)quinopyrans, and spiro(indoline)pyrans; oxazines, e.g., spiro(indoline)naphthoxazines, spiro(indoline)pyridobenzoxazines, spiro(bendindoline)pyridobenzoxazines, spiro(bendindoline)naphthoxazines, and spiro(indoline)benzoxazines; mercury ditisonates, flugides, flugimids; and mixtures of such photochromic compounds.

[0086] The photochromic material of the photochromic adhesive layer 34 may be a photochromic dichroic material. As used herein, the term “photochromic dichroic material” refers to a material that exhibits photochromic and dichroic properties in response to at least a chemical beam. As used herein, the term “dichroism” means that at least one of two orthogonal-plane polarization components of transmitted radiation is absorbed more strongly than the other. For example, a photochromic dichroic material can be adapted to reversibly convert in response to at least a chemical beam from at least a first optically clear (colorless) unpolarized state in the visible spectrum to at least a second colored polarized state in the visible spectrum. A non-limiting example of a photochromic dichroic material is the photochromic dichroic material described in paragraphs 27 to 158 of U.S. Patent Application No. 2005 / 0004361, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.

[0087] The photochromic adhesive layer 34 further comprises at least one adhesive. Suitable adhesives include, but are not limited to, thermoplastic polyurethane resins, acrylic acid block copolymers, and combinations thereof. The acrylic acid block copolymer may be a solvent-cast triblock polymer, such as a solvent-cast triblock polymer containing polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and poly(butyl acrylate) (PBA). Suitable solvents include esters, non-limited examples of which include ethyl acetate, butyl acetate and isopropyl acetate, or ethers such as tetrahydrofuran. The photochromic material may be present in the photochromic adhesive layer 34 in an amount of about 0.5% to about 10% by mass, or about 1% to about 8% by mass, or about 2% to about 5% by mass, based on the mass of the adhesive.

[0088] The photochromic adhesive layer may have a thickness in the range of 15 μm to 100 μm, for example, 30 μm to 70 μm, or 40 μm to 60 μm.

[0089] The electrode 20 of the first optical element 12 is bonded to at least a portion of the photochromic adhesive layer 34 of the second optical element 26, as provided in Figure 1A. For example, the electrode 20 is located between the first polymer film layer 14 and the photochromic adhesive layer 34. The photochromic adhesive layer 34 may be positioned on top of the conductive three-dimensional network 22 of the electrode, as provided in Figure 1A. Alternatively, the conductive three-dimensional network 22 of the electrode 20 may be positioned on top of the photochromic adhesive layer 34.

[0090] Alternatively, if the electrode 20 includes a first conductive sealing layer 241 and a second conductive sealing layer 242, as provided in Figure 3C, the first conductive sealing layer 241 may be placed on at least a portion of the first surface 14 of the optical substrate 12, and the photochromic adhesive layer 34 may be placed on the second conductive sealing layer 242.

[0091] The heatable optical laminate 10 includes a power supply 36 electrically connected to the electrodes 20. The power supply 36 can be any suitable power source, such as a DC battery, a solar cell, an AC power supply, or a combination thereof. For example, the power supply 36 may be a lithium-ion battery or an alkaline battery. The power supply 36 may be electrically connected to the ends of the electrodes 20. For example, the power supply 36 may be electrically connected to the ends of the conductive three-dimensional network 22 and / or the ends of the conductive sealing layer 24. Alternatively, the power supply 36 may be electrically connected to one or more busbars that are in electrical contact with the electrodes 20. The power supply 36 applies a voltage to the electrodes 20. The power supply 36 applies a voltage of 0.5 volts (V) to 15V, 1V to 10V, 1V to 5V, or 1.5V to 4V. Based on the size and sheet resistance of the electrodes 20 of the heatable optical laminate 10, the current is generated from the voltage applied by the power supply 36 to heat the optical laminate. The current generated depends on the voltage applied by the power supply 36, the size of the electrodes 20, the relative distance between one or more busbars (if any), and the sheet resistance of the electrodes 20. For example, with respect to an ophthalmic lens-sized heated optical article 100 including a heated optical laminate 10 of the present invention, the power supply 36 would be selected within the aforementioned voltage range to deliver a current of 0.2 amps to 0.8 amps. Those skilled in the art will recognize that the dimensions of the heated optical article 100 including the heated optical laminate 10 determine not only the total resistance and current required to heat the optical article 100 but also the number of busbars required (if used).

[0092] The voltage of the power supply 36 may be selected to raise the temperature of the heat-retainable optical laminate 10 by at least 2°C, for example, at least 5°C or at least 10°C. The voltage of the power supply 36 may be selected to heat the heat-retainable optical laminate 10 to a temperature of at least 20°C, at least 25°C, at least 27°C, at least 30°C, at least 35°C, or at least 37°C. The voltage of the power supply 36 may be selected to heat the heat-retainable optical laminate 10 to a temperature in the range of at least 20°C to at least 37°C, for example, at least 20°C to at least 35°C, at least 20°C to at least 25°C, at least 25°C to at least 30°C, at least 20°C to at least 30°C, or at least 25°C to at least 37°C. This voltage may be applied continuously or in pulses from the power supply 36 for a specified time, for example, at least 20 seconds, at least 30 seconds, at least 40 seconds, at least 50 seconds, at least 60 seconds, or more than 60 seconds, in order to achieve a desired fading rate.

[0093] The heatable optical laminate 10 may include one or more busbars and / or electrical leads in electrical contact with the electrode 20, the one or more busbars and / or electrical leads being electrically connected to a power supply 36. The busbars have a lower resistivity compared to the electrode 20 and are intended to uniformly distribute the current from the power supply 36 across the electrode 20 in order to heat the optical laminate 10. The busbars may be manufactured from any suitable material, such as a metal foil strip, an attached metal layer, or a combination thereof. For example, the heatable optical laminate 10 may include two or more busbars arranged on at least one surface of the electrode 20 along both sides, with the power supply 36 connected to the two or more busbars. Alternatively, the busbars may be printed on at least one surface of the electrode 20 with a conductive ink, such as colloidal silver epoxy ink. The busbars may be configured as parallel strips on both sides of the electrode 20 and connected to the power supply 36. Alternatively, electrical leads may be attached to each busbar and extend from both ends of the optical laminate 10 to connect to the power supply 36.

[0094] The heatable optical laminate 10 of the present invention may have a visible light transmittance of at least 75%, at least 80%, or at least 85% when the photochromic material of the photochromic adhesive layer 34 is inactive or colorless.

[0095] The heatable optical laminate 10 of the present invention may have a haze value of less than 6%, for example, less than 4%, or less than 2.5%, when measured using haze-gard plus (BYK-Gardner) according to ASTM D1003 (Method B).

[0096] The present invention is also directed to a method for manufacturing a heatable optical laminate 10. The method includes providing a first optical element 12; forming a second optical element 26; positioning the electrodes 20 of the first optical element 12 in contact with the photochromic adhesive composition of the second optical element 26; laminating the first optical element 12 and the second optical element 26; and electrically connecting a power supply 36 to the electrodes 20 of the first optical element 12. The first optical element 12 includes electrodes 20 on at least a portion of the first surface 16 of a first polymer film layer 14, and the electrodes 20 include a conductive three-dimensional network 22 of a conductive material. Forming the second optical element 26 includes applying a photochromic adhesive composition comprising at least one photochromic material and at least one adhesive on at least a portion of the first surface 30 of a second polymer film layer 28.

[0097] The conductive three-dimensional network 22 of the electrode 20 can be formed by applying a dispersion containing a conductive material. The dispersion containing the conductive material may be a dispersion having a conductive material and a dispersion medium. Examples of dispersion mediums, but not limited to, include water, anisole, methanol, isopropyl alcohol, ethanol, or combinations thereof. The conductive material may be present in the dispersion in an amount of 0.05 to 5 mass percent. The dispersion containing the conductive material can be applied according to methods accepted in the art, but not limited to, spray coating methods, curtain coating methods, drawdown blade (or bar) coating methods, immersion coating methods, spin coating methods, jet printing methods (such as inkjet printing methods, in which case "ink" is replaced with the dispersion containing the conductive material according to the present invention), and combinations thereof.

[0098] The conductive material can be selectively sintered to form a conductive three-dimensional network 22.

[0099] Conductive materials can be sintered using electromagnetic radiation, such as UV radiation with wavelengths of 300 to 450 nanometers, to form a conductive three-dimensional network 22. For example, the source of electromagnetic radiation can be a solar lamp, a mercury lamp, a mercury lamp doped with FeI3 or GaI3, a germicidal lamp, a light-emitting diode, a xenon lamp, a tungsten lamp, a metal halide lamp, or a combination of such lamps. The exposure time of the conductive material to the electromagnetic radiation source varies depending on the wavelength and intensity of the electromagnetic radiation source. The conductive material is exposed to the electromagnetic radiation source for a sufficient amount of time to cause local heating of the conductive material (e.g., conductive nanowires) and increase the conductivity within the three-dimensional network 22 (e.g., reduce resistance). For example, if the electromagnetic source is a source that emits only UV radiation, the conductive material can be exposed to the electromagnetic radiation source for 10 seconds to 3 minutes. If the source is a solar lamp, the conductive material can be exposed for 30 seconds to 1 hour.

[0100] This method may further include applying a conductive sealing material adjacent to and in direct contact with the conductive three-dimensional network 22 in order to form a conductive sealing layer 24.

[0101] The conductive three-dimensional network 22 may optionally be etched prior to the application of the conductive encapsulant by, for example, plasma, chemical etching with iron nitrate, or other means, in order to increase the adhesion of the conductive encapsulant to the conductive three-dimensional network 22.

[0102] When the conductive encapsulant comprises a conductive polymer as described herein, the conductive encapsulant layer 24 can be formed by coating a conductive encapsulant solution comprising the conductive polymer and one or more solvents. Examples of solvents, but not limited to, include water, anisole, methanol, isopropyl alcohol, ethanol, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and combinations thereof. For example, the conductive encapsulant solution may contain water and a conductive polymer in an amount ranging from at least 0.25% to at least 5% by mass, or at least 0.5% to at least 3% by mass, based on the total mass of the conductive encapsulant solution. The conductive encapsulant solution containing the conductive polymer can be applied according to methods accepted in the art, but not limited to, spray coating, curtain coating, drawdown blade (or bar) coating, immersion coating, spin coating, jet printing (such as inkjet printing, where "ink" is replaced by the conductive encapsulant solution according to the present invention), and combinations thereof.

[0103] If the conductive encapsulant contains a doped metal oxide as described herein, the conductive encapsulant can be applied by any preferred method, but is not limited to the methods listed above, including chemical vapor deposition (CVD), magnetron sputtering deposition (MSVD), plasma deposition, spray pyrolysis, and combinations thereof.

[0104] When the conductive encapsulant contains carbon nanotubes as described herein, the conductive encapsulation layer 24 can be formed by coating a conductive encapsulation solution, the conductive encapsulation solution comprising carbon nanotubes, an optional polymer binder, and a solvent. The solvent is not limited to, but includes, water. The optional polymer binder may be a polyester polymer or a polyurethane binder.

[0105] After applying the conductive encapsulant, the first optical element 12 can be heat-treated. Heat treatment of the first optical element 12 can evaporate any solvent and / or bond the polymer materials together. For example, the first optical element 12 may be heat-treated at a temperature in the range of 30°C to 150°C for 1 minute, 2 minutes, 5 minutes, 10 minutes, 20 minutes, 30 minutes, 40 minutes, 50 minutes, or 60 minutes.

[0106] A photochromic adhesive composition comprising at least one photochromic material and at least one adhesive can be applied to at least a portion of the first surface 30 of the second polymer film layer 28 by methods accepted in the art, including, but not limited to, spray coating methods, curtain coating methods, drawdown blade (or bar) coating methods, dipping coating methods, spin coating methods, extrusion methods, jet printing methods (such as inkjet printing methods, in which case "ink" is replaced by the photochromic coating composition according to the present invention), and combinations thereof.

[0107] A photochromic adhesive composition comprising at least one photochromic material and at least one adhesive may be applied to (i.e., cast on or coated over) a second polymer film layer 28, optionally heat-treated, and then laminated to the electrodes 20 of the first optical element 12. Alternatively, the photochromic adhesive composition may first be cast onto a release liner (e.g., by a slot die, knife-over-roll, reverse-roll or gravure application method), and then optionally heat-treated. The heat-resistant optical laminate 10 may then be produced by a transfer lamination method comprising removing the release liner and laminating the photochromic adhesive layer 34 to the second polymer film layer 28 and to the electrodes 20 of the first optical element 12 using a known lamination method.

[0108] After the electrodes 20 of the first optical element 12 are positioned in contact with the photochromic adhesive composition of the second optical element 26, the first optical element 12 and the second optical element 26 are laminated. For example, the first optical element 12 and the second optical element 26 can be laminated at a temperature in the range of 80°C to 130°C, for example 90°C to 120°C, under a pressure of at least 1 bar, for example, by hot roller lamination.

[0109] The optical laminate 10 may optionally be heated after lamination. The optical laminate 10 may be heated in an oven after lamination. For example, the optical laminate 10 may be heated in an oven at 120°C for at least one hour after lamination.

[0110] Lamination and optional heating steps convert the photochromic adhesive composition into a photochromic adhesive layer 34. After lamination and optional heating, the electrode 20 may be located between the first polymer film layer 12 and the photochromic adhesive layer 34.

[0111] The optical article 100 may include a heat-sensitive optical laminate 10 as described herein. The optical article may be an optical element 102 selected from the group consisting of ophthalmic articles, display articles, windows, and mirrors. The heat-sensitive optical laminate 10 is particularly useful for ophthalmic articles selected from the group consisting of corrective lenses, non-corrective lenses, contact lenses, and protective lenses. The manufacture of sun visors, face shields, intraocular lenses, and magnifying lenses is also intended.

[0112] The heat-sensitive optical laminate 10 can be placed on at least a portion of the optical element 102 to form an optical article 100, as provided in Figure 4. For example, the second surface 18 of the first polymer film layer 14 of the heat-sensitive optical laminate 10 can be placed on at least a portion of the optical element 102 to form an optical article 100, as provided in Figure 5A. Alternatively, the second surface 32 of the second polymer film layer 28 of the heat-sensitive optical laminate 10 can be placed on at least a portion of the optical element 102 to form an optical article 100, as provided in Figure 5B. To form an optical article 100, the heat-sensitive optical laminate 10 can be placed on at least a portion of the first optical element 104, and the second optical element 106 can be placed on at least a portion of the heat-sensitive optical laminate 10, as provided in Figure 5C. The heat-sensitive optical laminate 10 can be attached to the surface of the optical element 102 by using a pressure-sensitive adhesive. As used herein, “pressure-sensitive adhesive” is a non-reactive adhesive of the type that forms a bond when pressure is applied. Alternatively, the optical laminate 10 may be cast in situ to form the optical article 100. For example, the heat-sensitive optical laminate 10 may be cut to the appropriate size and placed in a mold. The mold may then be filled with a curable polymer. The curable polymer may then be cured so that the heat-sensitive optical laminate 10 is encased in the cured polymer to form the optical article 100. Alternatively, the heat-sensitive optical laminate 10 may be thermoformed and then applied onto a curved optical element 102. Alternatively, the heat-sensitive optical laminate 10 may be thermoformed and then applied into a curved optical element 102. For example, a heatable optical laminate 10 may be thermoformed and then placed on at least a portion of a curved first optical element 104, and a curved second optical element 106 may be placed on at least a portion of the heatable optical laminate 10 to form an optical article 100.

[0113] The present invention is illustrated in the following exemplary and non-limiting examples. Numerous possible modifications and variations will become apparent to those skilled in the art. [Examples]

[0114] Materials and methods Optical elements with photochromic adhesives The photochromic adhesive was prepared by combining the components listed in Table 1 and mixing them on a roller mixing unit for 18 hours. After this 18-hour mixing period, all components were sufficiently dissolved.

[0115] [Table 1]

[0116] Subsequently, a portion of the photochromic adhesive solution was applied to a 50 μm silicone release liner using a Coatema S2S laboratory doctor blade coater. A wet coating was applied to a thickness of 500 μm, and the coated samples were then heat-treated in a batch heating oven under the temperature schedule shown in Table 2.

[0117] [Table 2]

[0118] Next, the photochromic adhesive was transferred from the release liner to a 300 μm polycarbonate film (PURE-ACE® 3000, available from Teijin Resins). The transfer was achieved using a pressure roller lamination unit at a speed of 0.75 inches / second (in / second) and a pressure of 200 kilopascals (kPa). The polycarbonate film with the photochromic adhesive was heat-treated again using the conditions shown in Table 2.

[0119] Optical element having electrodes Silver nanowires were applied to a 175 μm polycarbonate sheet. The nanowire layer was 30 nm thick. A single-walled carbon nanotube-doped acrylic resin was then applied. This material is available from CHASM® as AgeNT®-10. Busbars (7 mm wide) were printed using Dysol® DYAG50 conductive silver ink (available from MilliPore Sigma).

[0120] The optical and electrical properties of this film were investigated prior to lamination (as shown in Table 3 below).

[0121] [Table 3]

[0122] Optical lamination A layer containing a photochromic adhesive was laminated onto a layer containing electrodes, and the photochromic adhesive and electrodes were positioned in contact with each other. This lamination was completed using a pressure roller system at a speed of 0.75 in / second at a pressure of 2 bar.

[0123] After lamination, the assembly was heated to 80°C to avoid any bubbling from residual moisture. Additional samples were first vacuum-dried at 55°C under 1.8 bar for 20 hours, and then heat-treated at 120°C for 60 minutes. The laminate was then cut to approximately 38 mm × 60 mm, including a 7 mm busbar on the long side.

[0124] result optical properties First, the optical properties of all the bleached laminates were recorded as shown in Table 4 below.

[0125] [Table 4]

[0126] Temperature rise test Table 5 below shows the parameters and associated settings used to electrically activate the conductive layer of the laminate. Temperature was measured using a Fluke PTi120 thermal imaging camera.

[0127] [Table 5]

[0128] An additional laminate with busbars having the same dimensions and arrangement as the example above was fabricated by changing the sheet resistance to demonstrate the relationship between applied voltage and temperature rise, as shown in Table 6 below.

[0129] [Table 6]

[0130] Photochromic performance Photochromic performance was tested using an Oriel Apex irradiator with a halogen light source HL-2000-FHSA. Test conditions can be found in Table 7.

[0131] [Table 7]

[0132] The reaction measurement results in terms of the change in optical concentration (ΔOD) from an inactive or bleached state to an active or colored state were determined by establishing the initial inactive transmittance %Tb. The change in optical concentration was calculated according to the following formula: ΔOD = log(10)(%Tb / %Ta), where %Tb is the percentage transmittance in the bleached (inactive) state and %Ta is the percentage transmittance in the active state. The delta optical concentration measurement was based on the optical concentration in light.

[0133] %Ta and ΔOD at saturation were recorded after 15 minutes of activation at 23°C. Fade half-life ("T") 1 / 2The value ") is the time interval (seconds) of the ΔOD of the activation form of the photochromic material in the coating to reach 1 / 2ΔOD, recorded after 15 minutes of activation at 23°C as described above, following the removal of the activation light source. The time to 70% transmittance ("TT 70%") was determined by recording the lens fade to 70% light field %T after the removal of the activation light source at the end of the 15 minutes of activation at 23°C.

[0134] Photochromic testing was performed with and without power to the laminate to understand the effect of temperature increase on the photochromic fading rate. In the power-on test, voltage was applied to the laminate at the exact moment the photochromic activation stimulus (UV light radiation) was removed. The applied voltage was 3.7V, supplied by an RS Pro RS3005D (serial number 175-7376) for this test. Table 8 below tracks the activation and fade curves for both tests, clearly showing the enhanced photochromic fade when voltage is applied to the laminate.

[0135] [Table 8]

[0136] As shown in Table 8 above, the application of voltage to an article and the resulting temperature rise are lower T 1 / 2 This resulted in a remarkably rapid fade, as indicated by the time taken to reach the 70th percentile.

[0137] The present invention has been described with reference to some specific details of its concrete embodiments. Such details are not intended to be considered limitations on the scope of the invention, to the extent that they fall within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A first optical element comprising a first polymer film layer including a first surface and a second surface facing the first surface, and an electrode disposed on at least a portion of the first surface, the electrode including a conductive three-dimensional network; A second optical element comprising a second polymer film layer including a first surface and a second surface facing the first surface, and a photochromic adhesive layer on at least a portion of the first surface including at least one photochromic material and at least one adhesive; and A power supply electrically connected to the electrode of the first optical element, A heatable optical laminate including, A heatable optical laminate, wherein the electrodes of the first optical element are bonded to at least a portion of the photochromic adhesive layer of the second optical element.

2. The optical laminate according to claim 1, further comprising one or more busbars or electrical leads in electrical contact with the electrodes, wherein the one or more busbars or electrical leads are electrically connected to the power supply.

3. The optical laminate according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the conductive three-dimensional network comprises a conductive material including conductive nanowires.

4. The optical laminate according to claim 3, wherein the conductive nanowires include silver nanowires, nickel nanowires, copper nanowires, or a combination of two or more thereof.

5. The optical laminate according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the electrode further includes a conductive sealing layer adjacent to the conductive three-dimensional network.

6. The optical laminate according to claim 5, wherein the conductive sealing layer comprises a conductive sealing material including a conductive polymer, a doped metal oxide, and / or carbon nanotubes.

7. The optical laminate according to claim 6, wherein the conductive polymer comprises poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS).

8. The optical laminate according to claim 6, wherein the conductive sealing material comprises a doped metal oxide selected from aluminum-doped zinc oxide or indium-doped tin oxide.

9. The optical laminate according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the at least one adhesive comprises a thermoplastic polyurethane resin, an acrylic acid block copolymer, or a combination thereof.

10. The optical laminate according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the electrode is located between the first polymer film layer and the photochromic adhesive layer.

11. The optical laminate according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the electrode has a sheet resistance of less than 60 ohms (Ω / □) per square meter, and the first optical element has a visible light transmittance of at least 80%.

12. The optical laminate according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the optical laminate has a visible light transmittance of at least 75%.

13. The optical laminate according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the first polymer film layer and / or the second polymer film layer comprises polycarbonate, polycyclic alkene, polyurethane, poly(urea)urethane, polythiourethane, polythio(urea)urethane, polyol (allyl carbonate), cellulose acetate, cellulose diacetate, cellulose triacetate, cellulose acetate propionate, cellulose acetate butyrate, poly(vinyl acetate), poly(vinyl alcohol), poly(vinyl chloride), poly(vinylidene chloride), poly(ethylene terephthalate), polyester, polysulfone, polyolefin, polyether, polyamide, polyalkyl (meth)acrylate, polyvinyl butyral, polystyrene, two or more copolymers thereof, or mixtures thereof.

14. A method for manufacturing a heatable optical laminate, wherein the method is: To provide a first optical element, wherein the first optical element includes an electrode on at least a portion of a first surface of a first polymer film layer, and the electrode includes a conductive three-dimensional network of a conductive material; Forming a second optical element, comprising applying a photochromic adhesive composition comprising at least one photochromic material and at least one adhesive onto at least a portion of the first surface of a second polymer film layer; Arrange the electrodes of the first optical element so as to be in contact with the photochromic adhesive composition of the second optical element; Laminating the first optical element and the second optical element; and A method comprising connecting a power supply to the electrodes of the first element.

15. The method according to claim 14, wherein the conductive three-dimensional network is formed by coating a dispersion of the conductive material, and the conductive material includes conductive nanowires.

16. The method according to claim 15, wherein the conductive nanowire includes silver nanowire, nickel nanowire, copper nanowire, carbon nanotube-coated silver nanowire, or a combination of two or more thereof.

17. The method according to claim 15, further optionally comprising sintering the conductive material to form the conductive three-dimensional network.

18. The method according to claim 17, wherein the conductive material is sintered using electromagnetic radiation.

19. The method according to any one of claims 14 to 18, further comprising applying a conductive encapsulant adjacent to the conductive three-dimensional network in order to form a conductive encapsulant layer.

20. The method according to claim 19, wherein the conductive encapsulant comprises a conductive polymer, a doped metal oxide, and / or carbon nanotubes.

21. The method according to any one of claims 14 to 20, wherein the at least one adhesive comprises a thermoplastic polyurethane resin, an acrylic acid block copolymer, or a combination thereof.

22. The method according to any one of claims 14 to 21, further optionally comprising heating the optical laminate after lamination.

23. An optical article comprising an optical laminate according to any one of claims 1 to 13.

24. The optical article is an optical element selected from the group consisting of ophthalmic articles, display articles, windows, and mirrors, and preferably the ophthalmic article is selected from the group consisting of corrective lenses, non-corrective lenses, contact lenses, and protective lenses, as described in claim 23.

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