Structural photovoltaic (PV) panels, reinforcing frame elements adapted for modular configurations, and housings and PV devices formed therefrom.

Abstract

The present invention describes a structural frame element, which is adapted to include housing a photovoltaic (PV) module to form a photovoltaic panel that can be used as a component. Framed PV panels are adapted to be connected to other framed PV panels to form an array for mounting to a structural surface, and to form walls, roofs, and doors of freestanding structures, enclosures, and equipment cabinets. The present invention describes a structural frame element adapted to house a photovoltaic (PV) module to form a PV panel that can be used as a structural element that facilitates the connection of framed PV panels together for fixing PV panels to existing structures, and for forming freestanding structures, enclosures, and equipment cabinets. Reinforcement members embedded within this frame element provide connectivity of busbars to the PV panel.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a structural frame element, which includes accommodating a photovoltaic (PV) module and forming a photovoltaic panel that can be used as a component, or is adapted to do so.

[0002] Furthermore, the present invention relates to providing structural members for facilitating the connection of framed PV panels for fixing the PV panel to an existing structure and for forming self-standing structures, enclosures, and equipment cabinets.

[0003] More specifically, the present invention relates to a framed PV panel adapted to form an array for connecting another framed PV panel and attaching it to a structure surface, and to form walls, roofs, and doors of self-standing structures, enclosures, and equipment cabinets.

[0004] Furthermore, the present invention relates to forming self-standing structures, enclosures, and equipment cabinets using framed PV panels and other structural members to provide the necessary structural integrity.

[0005] In addition, the present invention relates to the design and configuration of structures and enclosures. These structures and enclosures are attached to or integrally formed with a photovoltaic (PV) panel arranged to provide an optimal power source for devices connected internally or externally. This structure or enclosure is specifically targeted at PV devices adapted to remote locations and latitudes where solar energy is unreliable or highly variable, especially seasonally.

[0006] Specifically, the present invention relates to providing a wide range of self-standing structures, enclosures, and equipment cabinets incorporating a photovoltaic (PV) panel that provides energy integration and storage for on-demand delivery.

[0007] Furthermore, the present invention relates to providing robust and improvedly durable enclosures and equipment cabinets for remote, off-grid locations.

[0008] Furthermore, the present invention aims to provide a wide range of self-supporting structures, enclosures, and equipment cabinets that combine PV power generation equipment, having additional features that provide on-site a combination of excellent practicality and functionality.

[0009] Furthermore, the present invention aims to achieve a balance of physical, environmental, financial, and electrical constraints. This balance represents the best overall compromise, providing a "useful amount" of electricity on a daily basis throughout the year, regardless of season, weather, and cloud cover, optionally independent of external power sources, and away from fixed power sources (such as the main power grid).

[0010] Ideally, the self-supporting structures, enclosures, and equipment cabinets described above in this invention achieve their purpose through a single power source, i.e., through the storage of solar radiation by battery packs for powering during the night. The device may also be used in conjunction with a wind turbine to increase power generation and energy storage.

[0011] Furthermore, the present invention relates to forming freestanding structures, enclosures, and equipment cabinets using the reinforced framed PV panels and other structural members of the present invention.

[0012] In another embodiment, the present invention relates to a housing or integral structure that is waterproof, robust, easily maintainable, and deployable or transportable to remote and off-grid locations, providing useful daily power output in suboptimal circumstances, more specifically during the lowest average months of collectible solar radiation.

[0013] Furthermore, the present invention relates to the design and configuration of a charging station for charging the battery of an electric vehicle (EV), which utilizes, largely or exclusively, energy stored in a structure or enclosure, or through PV panels forming a structure or enclosure.

[0014] Furthermore, the present invention relates to a charging station for electric vehicles (EVs), which is suitable for use in locations of cultural or natural importance where connecting to the main power source is inconvenient, expensive, or impractical.

[0015] More specifically, the present invention relates to providing a structure or enclosure for charging the battery of an electric vehicle (EV), where the battery is removed from the EV for a charging cycle, or the EV is directly connected to a charging point within the structure or enclosure, and more particularly to housing, securing, or storing an EV or a battery used therein, for facilitating the charging of the EV by utilizing power largely derived from solar radiation via PV panels or arrays thereof.

[0016] The present invention relates, in particular in detail, to a self-powered, standalone charging station for electric vehicle (EV) batteries, and especially to single-person EVs such as electric motorcycles, electric bicycles, and electric foot scooters.

[0017] In addition, the present invention relates to an optimized PV power generation system in which structural PV panels operably form their vertical main surface and optimize the collection of solar radiation in situations where diurnal and seasonal variations in direct and indirect incidence of solar radiation are not optimal, and the power generation system is adapted for remote and / or culturally sensitive locations where mainline power is unavailable or solar energy is unavailable or highly variable.

[0018] Furthermore, the present invention relates to an off-grid solar power system that provides a consistent rated power in locations with large seasonal variations in solar energy, such as, for example, all latitudes of Great Britain (UK), in all seasons, and does not require an auxiliary energy source. In a second embodiment, the present invention relates to a hybrid grid power system that can be connected to additional power generators, auxiliary power sources, and / or the main power of a local or national power grid infrastructure. Mainland Great Britain is located at latitudes between 50°N and 59°N and experiences significant variation in the average angle of incidence of solar radiation between summer and winter. Many other countries share similar latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere (most of Canada, Northern Europe, and large parts of the Russian Federation), but in the corresponding Southern Hemisphere, only the southern tip of Chile and Argentina have significant settlements.

[0019] As used herein, the terms “power generation unit” and “integrated structure” primarily refer to enclosures or enclosed cabinets in which control circuits are fixed and protected from weather and prying eyes interference. The term also extends to structures adapted to support solar / photovoltaic panels, and in particular to structures adapted to connect to auxiliary power sources such as energy storage batteries, motor generators, wind turbines, and, of course, the main power grid. However, the scope of the present invention is not intended to be limited in this way and should be understood to include any rugged enclosure adapted to be deployed to remote locations and to be lifted or hoisted during on-site positioning or retrieval. This is particularly relevant when the deployed or retrieved weight can be significantly heavier than an empty unit, and applies equally to enclosures housing battery packs.

[0020] As used herein, the terms “enclosure” and “cabinet” are intended to refer to a unit or structure constructed as a single power generation system, which is adapted to be connected to auxiliary power sources and additional units (which may be formed in a group or array).

[0021] The term “useful quantity” is used to refer to the desired daily power output from the power generation unit during the season of minimum solar radiation (November, December, and January in the Northern Hemisphere), but should not be limited to the unit’s rated power as a whole. This unit may be connected to an external power source containing additional power generation equipment or main power, and its power output may be increased by the additional power generation equipment or main power source. Furthermore, the term “useful quantity” has specific meanings in various contexts, as will be explained below, referring to the many uses to which the power generation unit may be applied. [Background technology]

[0022] Many methods and technologies exist for extracting energy from the sun, each with its own advantages and disadvantages, depending on the intended use and factors ranging from environmental impact to capital and maintenance costs.

[0023] One of the areas where the most technological advancements have been made is in the collection, storage, and distribution of solar energy, which is most often arranged in groups of interconnected cells via photovoltaic (PV) cells to form modules, and multiple modules are used to constitute a "solar panel".

[0024] When exposed to standard illuminance from sunlight, each PV cell can generate approximately 0.6V, and when combined in a panel of 72 cells, this can yield 300W. Therefore, modular panels can deliver a useful amount of electrical energy from direct sunlight. This is actually being implemented in residential rooftop systems and large-scale commercial "solar farms." Solar farms include arrays of ground-mounted panels to generate power for commercial operations from farms to data centers and to connect to national or regional power grid systems.

[0025] Factors related to collecting the power of photovoltaic solar energy, which will be referred to in more detail below, are different for commercial and large-scale implementations than for implementations in houses and remote areas (or off-grid). What the present invention particularly relates to is in the latter area.

[0026] The capital costs of PV modules and panels have been significantly reduced in recent years, with the industrialization of printed PV cell technology and the availability of modules with integrated DC-DC converters and micro-inverters. With the reduction of the cost of collecting solar energy and the need for a nearly stable supply in off-grid and house applications (even at low or nominal levels), especially when the cost of the energy supplied can be set high, the focus must then be on the storage of the generated energy.

[0027] Insolation is a term that indicates the amount of radiation or irradiation at a specific location, but from the perspective of collecting solar energy, many factors are involved. The most prominent is the seasonal variation at a specific latitude where the intensity of solar radiation is insufficient to provide the available power level even at its maximum, and an additional power source must be utilized.

[0028] For any given latitude, an average or optimal panel angle can be calculated, but a randomly selected angle facing vertically is a factor to consider, such as structural strength for resisting incident wind. Similarly, structural strength must also be considered for a horizontally oriented panel angle when snow load is important. Clearly, being covered with snow has a great impact on collecting solar radiation. If the situation is not so severe, the deposition of dust or debris on the panel means that the panel needs to be cleaned regularly to maintain optimal collection.

[0029] Aligning the solar panels to an azimuth corresponding to a specific latitude or selecting various azimuths of the panels selected in the solar array considering seasonal variations are established techniques.

[0030] In the prior art, there are sufficient structures and devices for tracking the sun's orbit to optimize the incidence of sunlight radiation on the light-receiving surface of PV cells. However, whether single-axis tracking is used (e.g., tracking during the day) or dual-axis tracking that tracks both during the day and seasonal variations is used, all are achieved at a significant additional cost and are inherently complex. For remotely transportable or at least movable PV power generation devices, robustness and a long operating life are essential.

[0031] As can be readily understood from the patent literature, there are many different approaches taken to solve some of the technical drawbacks. Each area represents a particular concern, but many aspects are common and will be considered later.

[0032] It is known that within the prior art, there are buildings and devices where PV panels are fixed in a vertical direction. The main reason for this is the existence of available convenient vertical surfaces, and for their placement, little serious consideration is given from a perspective beyond convenience, and positioning on a vertical surface is considered a significant compromise.

[0033] International Publication No. 2023 / 019362 (Applicant: SOLIDEL CANADA INC.) discloses a vertical structure that includes a streetlight pole with a plurality of photovoltaic panels adapted to store the solar energy accumulated during the day to supply power to connected battery streetlights during dark hours. This invention differs from conventional solar-powered streetlight poles in that it provides the PV panels along the extension of the structure rather than providing the angle of the panel or array according to latitude. By arranging a larger surface area of solar panels around the rising part of the pole, it addresses the insufficient power storage, which is a known drawback, for brightening streetlights.

[0034] Chinese Patent No. 107882364 (Applicant: XIAOCHANG RUIKE INTELLEGENT TECH CO LTD) describes an outdoor seating structure having a sunshade in the form of a canopy. Between a pair of bench-style seats, a table has a central column for supporting an electric cooling fan powered from a battery stored in the seat base. At the tops of the corner support columns, horizontal solar panels form a roof structure. Additional, vertically positioned PV panels are connected to the roof panel and fixed between two upright support columns. This disclosure is directed solely at powering the cooling fan.

[0035] U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2017 / 0141721 (Applicant: SCHMIDT, ROBERT F) describes a modular portable solar power generation, storage, and supply device, as well as a lighting tower. The device consists of an elongated cubic or rectangular prism-shaped support structure with a flat base, flat sides, and a flat top deck, and various components, such as arrays of solar panels, telescopic masts, and light assemblies, or outriggers of the device, form a protective crate-type module when contracted to a position where the boundary can be defined by the outer edge of the cube or prism. This modular design allows for the rapid and efficient storage, loading, or transport of the modules, and enables them to be bundled end-to-end and side-to-side to avoid wasted space on a flatbed, in a shipping container, in a warehouse, and in other settings and modes, as well as stacked up to three modules for significantly higher storage density. Interconnecting multiple modules to create larger-scale power generation, storage, and distribution systems provides easily adaptable solutions to greater temporary power demands.

[0036] Furthermore, a single load application could include charging EVs. Many examples are known of using PV panels to supplementally charge EVs.

[0037] Chinese Patent No. 107733067 (Applicant: XIAOGAN QILE CREATIVE DESIGN CO LTD) describes a solar-powered vehicle garage comprising a structure (which can be used as a parking / garage for a vehicle) having support columns for roof-mounted solar panels and side-wall solar panels. These panels are connected to a battery pack which includes a current stabilization device on which a charging interface is located. This garage facilitates the storage of solar energy within a group of batteries used to charge a vehicle.

[0038] International Publication No. 2003 / 012806 (Applicant: SOLAR FENCE GROUP LTD) discloses building components comprising pre-assembled elements on which multiple photocells, essentially PV panels, are mounted on a photocell carrier. The surface of these PV panels includes prismatic or polyhedral faces, accumulating solar energy from multiple angles. The photocell carrier includes lightweight, transparent or translucent materials to enable the panels to be used in greenhouses. Configurations including vertically arranged PV panels, or structures to which PV panels are fixed vertically, are also disclosed for their physical and structural advantages, as well as for solar power.

[0039] International Publication No. 2023 / 170416 (Applicant: SOLIVUS LIMITED) discloses an improved technique of International Publication No. 2020 / 039181 (Applicant: also SOLIVUS LIMITED), which utilizes TFPV to eliminate the need for reliance on flat silicon wafer panels and similar techniques. Substantially as described above, the invention relates to a photovoltaic device having an outer wall with a defined cavity inside. The outer wall comprises a frame formed from a plurality of extruded sections, each having a channel, and these extruded sections are arranged such that the channels in adjacent extruded sections face each other. The objective is to provide a back-to-back flexible panel between pairs of supporting extruded sections.

[0040] Korean Published Patent No. 1020210014255 (Applicant: LIEN FENG HSUEH) describes a waterproof structure (frame) for fixing PV panels to a building. The PV panels are fixed within a frame element having drainage channels and waterproof fasteners. Methods and fasteners for fixing panels to roofs and walls are also disclosed.

[0041] To provide improved handling of PV panels, a lightweight frame is positioned around the outer edge of each panel. A standard frame features an extruded aluminum section, which includes mounting flanges, an edge shape for engaging and holding the substrate to which the PV modules are fixed, and a protective top laminate or film. A standard PV panel is formed using 60 or 72 modules connected to each other on a substrate and mounted within the lightweight frame. This lightweight frame provides some edge protection and minimal rigidity, or the integrity of the panel as a single structure. A 60-module panel has dimensions of approximately 1.0 × 1.6 meters (39 × 65 inches), while a 72-module panel has dimensions of approximately 1.0 × 2.0 meters (39 × 78 inches). Depending on the cell technology used, these have power outputs of 350–400W and 450–500W, respectively. During setup, PV panels are mounted to a support structure, which may add to the overall weight and setup costs. Each panel must be electrically connected to either an adjacent panel or a charge controller assigned to the panel according to the selected connection configuration. Each selected configuration has voltage and current considerations, ranging from safety to the grade of electronic components such as cables, connectors, and inverters or maximum power point tracking (MPPT) controllers.

[0042] Wiring remains a persistent challenge for all PV panel setups, and the solutions offered are often quite basic.

[0043] U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2019 / 013774 (Applicant: TESCI Solar, Inc.) discloses an improved lightweight frame having additional flanges adapted for cable management and mounting of microinverters. This disclosure fails to address the limited rigidity and structural integrity of PV panels, or the challenges of cable management beyond mere wiring. [Prior art documents] [Patent Documents]

[0044] [Patent Document 1] International Publication No. 2023 / 019362 [Patent Document 2] Chinese Patent No. 107882364 Specification [Patent Document 3] U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2017 / 0141721 [Patent Document 4] Specification of Chinese Patent No. 107733067 [Patent Document 5] International Publication No. 2003 / 012806 [Patent Document 6] International Publication No. 2023 / 170416 [Patent Document 7] International Publication No. 2020 / 039181 [Patent Document 8] Korean Published Patent No. 1020210014255 [Patent Document 9] U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2019 / 013774 [Overview of the project] [Problems that the invention aims to solve]

[0045] The object of the present invention is to explore ways to mitigate the shortcomings of prior art devices and to provide structural frame elements adapted to house photovoltaic (PV) modules and form structural panels that can be used as components.

[0046] Another object of the present invention is to provide structural members for facilitating the connection of framed PV panels for fixing PV panels to existing structures and for forming freestanding structures, enclosures, and equipment cabinets.

[0047] A further object of the present invention is to provide framed PV panels adapted for connecting other framed PV panels to form arrays for mounting on a structural surface, and for forming walls, roofs, and doors of freestanding structures, enclosures, and equipment cabinets.

[0048] Another objective of the present invention is to eliminate a significant portion of the wiring and associated labor and to provide an exemplary electrical connection in alternative PV panels.

[0049] An additional object of the present invention is to provide means and methods for constructing enclosures and equipment cabinets that are self-supporting structures, utilizing framed PV panels and other structural elements according to the present invention that are robust and have improved durability and are suitable for remote and off-grid locations.

[0050] Another object of the present invention is directed to housings, PV devices, and PV power generation equipment formed using the frame elements and structural PV panels of the present invention, which will be described in more detail below. [Means for solving the problem]

[0051] In a first embodiment, the present invention provides a frame element for forming a structural photovoltaic (PV) panel. This frame element is: It is equipped with a structure that provides rigidity to the frame elements; This structure has a mounting surface and an edge receiving shape; This structure is adapted to restrain reinforcing members along the substantial extension of the frame elements.

[0052] The mounting surface ideally abuts against and is fixed to the lightweight extruded portion of a standard PV panel. The edge receiving contour is adapted to receive a cladding metal plate or insulating plate in one configuration. In an alternative configuration, the extruded portion may be housed within the edge receiving contour.

[0053] In one configuration, the reinforcing member is tubular. This arrangement facilitates the routing of cables through it.

[0054] Advantageously, the reinforcing members are conductive and insulated from the PV panels by the structure. This arrangement eliminates the need for most of the cabling required for the PV panels.

[0055] Preferably, the reinforcing member includes busbars for rails of selected polarity to which the PV panels are connected.

[0056] In one preferred configuration, substantially rectangular reinforcing members are positioned adjacent to one another to attenuate electromagnetic interference (EMI) associated with guiding power from the PV panels.

[0057] More preferably, the reinforcing members are positioned substantially perpendicular to each other in order to provide structural reinforcement in the two main axes.

[0058] In another configuration, to best suit a multi-panel assembly, the positive and negative busbars are provided on either the horizontal or vertical plane, or both.

[0059] In a second aspect of the present invention, a structural photovoltaic (PV) panel with improved rigidity is provided. It has at least one frame element of the type defined above, and the frame element or each frame element includes any one mounting means selected from the following: A fastening member for securing one structural frame element to another structural frame element; A foot or fastener that engages with the ground; A fence post having a frame receiving channel defined inside; or A locking member for securing frame elements to the locking receiving portion of a transport container.

[0060] Advantageously, the mounting means are functionally adapted to secure the panel to the building or enclosure surface.

[0061] It should be understood that structurally reinforced PV panel assemblies facilitate the lifting of roof-mountable panels and pre-assembled arrays due to their inherent strength.

[0062] In a single configuration, the frame elements or each frame element are fixed to the framework.

[0063] This enables configurations that include, in particular, enclosure frameworks, frameworks attached to buildings, and frameworks for shipping containers.

[0064] Furthermore, the present invention provides a structural PV panel comprising a plurality of structural PV panels of the type defined above, positioned within a frame receiving channel of a series of fence posts.

[0065] Most preferably, the structural PV panels are adapted to form a freestanding enclosure.

[0066] The enclosure can be selected from a PV power generation system, an equipment cabinet, or a remote monitoring station where at least the minimum maintenance and inspection power requirements are met by the PV panels or the power stored therefrom.

[0067] In a third aspect of the present invention, a modular photovoltaic (PV) system is provided. This system is: PV panels and; A structural frame element of the type described in claim 1; means of attachment, Equipped with, Each PV panel is fixed to a structural frame element having at least one reinforcing member defined within it. The mounting device is A fastening member for securing one structural frame element to another structural frame element; A foot or fastener that engages with the ground; A fence post having a frame receiving channel defined inside; or A locking member for fixing a frame element to the locking receiving part of a transport container. One of these will be selected.

[0068] Furthermore, in a fourth embodiment, the present invention provides a housing for a photovoltaic (PV) device in which a PV panel has at least two of its main surfaces operably formed. This housing is: A structural frame element of the type described in claim 1, and mounting means for fixing the housing to the ground or the surface of a building; Multiple PV panels fixed to structural frame elements to define the vertical plane of the enclosure; A control circuit, sealed and housed within a casing, for regulating electrical energy generated via a PV panel and an energy storage device connected to the control circuit; and Adjustable electrical outlet means, Equipped with, At least two of the PV panels are arranged on the main surface, at least one of which is oriented in the arc of the sun's orbit (south in the Northern Hemisphere), and of the at least two PV panels, the other is selected from either a PV panel arranged substantially perpendicular to the first PV panel or a PV panel attached to the roof section.

[0069] Preferably, the enclosure is selected from any one of the following: a pre-assembled dedicated enclosure, a garden shed, a residential building, a shipping container, a pre-assembled metal building (including barns, livestock sheds, and silos), an industrial building, a warehouse, and a distribution center.

[0070] In one particular configuration, the enclosure is adapted as a remote monitoring or signal relay station, where the energy storage device ensures that power is reliably maintained for data collection, storage, and transmission.

[0071] In the adapted configuration, one of the main surfaces includes an entrance / exit.

[0072] Optionally, the structural frame elements are designed to hold the PV panels in a retractable manner and include hinge elements on their outer edges to facilitate entry and exit into the enclosure.

[0073] Ideally, each face of the enclosure on which the PV panels are mounted would be associated with a dedicated, appropriately rated charge controller that manages the solar power collected from each panel within that face to maximize the efficiency of the generated charge output.

[0074] The specific configuration of the enclosure is adapted to receive, store, and charge batteries from electric vehicles (EVs).

[0075] In the alternative configuration, the enclosure is adapted to receive, store, and charge EVs from electric kick scooters, electric motorcycles, and electric vehicles (eliminating the need for an external or household power connection).

[0076] In a specific configuration, the enclosure has an octagonal cross-section, to which the framed PV panel is hinged, forming an entrance to a centrally located charging structure. The electric kick scooter is suspended from this charging structure for storage and charging.

[0077] In yet another configuration, the enclosure opens on one of its sides, and at least one side of the PV panels has an arrangement formed by back-to-back PV panels, thereby receiving indirect or reflected solar radiation into the opening of the enclosure. The EV then enters and exits the charging equipment through this opening.

[0078] Preferably, the housing includes a communication module.

[0079] Optionally or as an add-on, the enclosure may include a payment authentication mechanism.

[0080] In a fifth aspect, the present invention provides a photovoltaic (PV) power generation device in which a PV panel has at least two of its main surfaces operably formed. This power generation device: A cabinet housing defining the main surface and roof section described above, wherein the cabinet has mounting means selected from structural frame elements of the type described in claim 1, elements that engage with the ground, and fixed support parts for the surface of the building; Multiple PV panels, fixed to structural frame elements, to define the selected vertical main surface of the cabinet housing; A control circuit, sealed and disposed within a houning, for regulating electrical energy generated via a PV panel and an energy storage device connected to the control circuit; and Adjustable electrical outlet means, Equipped with, At least two of the PV panels are arranged on the main surface, at least one of which is oriented in the arc of the sun's orbit (south in the Northern Hemisphere), and of the at least two PV panels, the other is selected from either a PV panel arranged substantially perpendicular to the first PV panel or a PV panel attached to the roof section.

[0081] Preferably, the energy storage device comprises a group of batteries having deep-cycle characteristics and a group of batteries having high-power delivery characteristics, and by combining cell technology with a charge controller and a voltage monitoring circuit, it optimizes both power charging and delivery in suboptimal conditions.

[0082] Ideally, a PV power generation system has at least one vertically positioned main surface on which PV panels are formed to be operable, optimizing the collection of solar radiation in suboptimal conditions with respect to diurnal and seasonal variations in direct and indirect incidence of solar radiation.

[0083] Preferably, each surface on which PV panels are mounted is associated with a dedicated, appropriate rated charge controller that manages the solar power collected from each panel on the surface to maximize the efficiency of the generated charge output.

[0084] Advantageously, the storage cell array can either deliver a direct current (DC) power output to a device or local power connector, or provide an alternating current (AC) power output via an inverter.

[0085] The first battery group consists of a working group of frequently and deeply charge-discharged cells, providing an excellent weight-to-kWh ratio. The second battery group consists of a reserve group that provides additional charging capacity and low-temperature charging capabilities, with each group of working group cells having a charge balancer to compensate for differences in charge state during charge and discharge cycles.

[0086] In one configuration, the first battery group comprises lithium-ion batteries or lithium iron phosphate batteries, and the second battery group comprises absorbent glass mat (AGM) cells, each provided in a configuration associated with the required system voltage.

[0087] The total surface area of ​​the PV panels is optimized to generate an average daytime power output of at least 200 Wh.

[0088] The storage cell array either outputs direct current (DC) power to a device or local power connector, or provides alternating current (AC) power via an inverter.

[0089] Furthermore, the present invention provides component kits for forming framed PV panels and systems. These component kits are described in detail below.

[0090] The present invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the figures. The figures are merely examples illustrating embodiments of structural PV components, housings, and equipment cabinets, including photovoltaic (PV) power generation devices and PV power generation equipment, each having multiple fixed or integrally formed photovoltaic panels. An example of an auxiliary component is shown along with a configuration of a self-supporting, fixed electric vehicle (EV) battery charging station according to the present invention. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0091] [Figure 1a] This is an elevation perspective view of a structural PV panel configuration, where frame elements providing structural rigidity are fixed to form an assembly of two panels. [Figure 1b] This is an elevation perspective view of a structural PV panel configuration, where frame elements providing structural rigidity are fixed to form an assembly of two panels. [Figure 1c] This is an elevation perspective view of a structural PV panel configuration, where frame elements providing structural rigidity are fixed to form an assembly of two panels. [Figure 2a] This is an elevation perspective view of a first embodiment of a structural frame element for fixing two PV panels in a flat assembly. [Figure 2b] This is an elevation perspective view of a first embodiment of a structural frame element for fixing two PV panels in a flat assembly. [Figure 3a] This is an elevation perspective view of a second embodiment of a structural frame element, which includes an extruded section having a reinforcing member containing an electric busbar. [Figure 3b] This is an elevation perspective view of a second embodiment of a structural frame element, which includes an extruded section having a reinforcing member containing an electric busbar. [Figure 3c] This is an elevation perspective view of a second embodiment of a structural frame element, which includes an extruded section having a reinforcing member containing an electric busbar. [Figure 3d] This is an elevation perspective view of a second embodiment of a structural frame element, which includes an extruded section having a reinforcing member containing an electric busbar. [Figure 3e] This is an elevation perspective view of a second embodiment of a structural frame element, which includes an extruded section having a reinforcing member containing an electric busbar. [Figure 4a] This is an elevation perspective view of a multi-panel assembly formed using structural frame elements according to the present invention, in which reinforcing members provide internal interconnections of the busbars of the PV panels within the assembly. [Figure 4b] This is a vertical cross-sectional view of a third embodiment of a structural frame element, which includes an extruded section having a reinforcing member containing an electric busbar. [Figure 4c] This is a vertical cross-sectional view of a fourth embodiment of a structural frame element, which includes an extruded section having a reinforcing member containing an electric busbar. [Figure 5] This is an elevation perspective view of a cladding metal plate suitable for mounting on a panel assembly, which provides ventilation and active cooling for PV panels. [Figure 6a] This diagram shows the sun's trajectory in the UK, corresponding to the optimal angle for both the winter and summer solstices, as well as the position of solar panels. [Figure 6b] This is a bar graph showing the average levels of direct and indirect solar radiation. It is useful for each month of the year for solar panels at a latitude corresponding to London, UK (51.5°N). [Figure 7] This is an elevation perspective view of a first embodiment of a solar power cabinet according to the present invention, in which structural PV panels are located on each outer surface of the cabinet. [Figure 8] This is a schematic diagram showing the components of a control circuit housed within a cabinet or enclosure. [Figure 9a] This is an angled side view of an improved configuration in a first embodiment of a solar cabinet, in which PV panels are positioned on each outer surface of the cabinet. [Figure 9b] This is an elevation perspective view of an improved configuration in a first embodiment of a solar cabinet, in which PV panels are positioned on each outer surface of the cabinet. [Figure 9c]This is an exposed elevation perspective view similar to Figure 9b, showing the energy storage device's cells and control circuits arranged in an alternative configuration. [Figure 9d] This is an elevation perspective view of another configuration of a solar power cabinet, having substantially equal PV panel areas on each outer surface of the cabinet (each surface is provided with MPPTs). [Figure 9e] This is an elevation perspective view of another configuration of a solar power cabinet, having substantially equal PV panel areas on each outer surface of the cabinet (each surface is provided with MPPTs). [Figure 10a] This is a detailed side view of a power generation system configuration similar to those shown in Figures 9d and 9e, having a pivotable roof section representing an integrated landing and charging platform for an autonomous electric vehicle (drone). [Figure 10b] This is an elevation perspective view of a power generation system configuration similar to those shown in Figures 9d and 9e, having a pivotable roof section representing an integrated landing and charging platform for a self-sustaining electric vehicle (drone). [Figure 11a] This is an elevation perspective view of another configuration of a solar power enclosure with a solar garage or carport, formed using structural PV panels according to the present invention. [Figure 11b] This is an elevation perspective view of another configuration of a solar power enclosure with a solar garage or carport, formed using structural PV panels according to the present invention. [Figure 11c] This is an elevation perspective view of a specific configuration of a multi-panel structural PV panel assembly for installation on a shipping container. [Figure 11d] This is an elevation perspective view of a specific configuration of a multi-panel structural PV panel assembly for installation on a shipping container. [Figure 11e] This is an elevation perspective view of a specific configuration of a multi-panel structural PV panel assembly for installation on a shipping container. [Figure 12a]This is an elevation perspective view of an open-type solar power cabinet according to the present invention, in which PV panels are positioned on each exposed surface. [Figure 12b] This is an elevation perspective view of an open-type solar power cabinet according to the present invention, in which PV panels are positioned on each exposed surface. [Figure 13] This is an elevation perspective view of the remote monitoring station. [Figure 14] This is an elevation perspective view of the power generation device according to the present invention, combined with a heating pump. [Figure 15] This is an elevation perspective view of a first embodiment of a PV power generation system having multiple fixed receiving receptacles for receiving and charging a removable EV battery. [Figure 16a] This is an elevation perspective view of a housing similar to that of the second embodiment, wherein one main surface of the housing abuts against or is integrated with a wall (including the wall of a building), and has a sloping roof section that ideally faces south in the Northern Hemisphere and is angled for optimal solar radiation at the latitude in which it is installed. [Figure 16b] This diagram shows a socket for attaching a power cable, which is optimized for external power generation, such as for connecting to an EV. [Figure 17] This is an elevation perspective view of a power generation device with improved security features. [Figure 18] This is an elevation perspective view of a power generation device with a communication module, optionally equipped with a cellular base station or signal relay station, mounted on its auxiliary surface. [Figure 19a] This is an elevation perspective view of a fourth embodiment of a photovoltaic power generation system, which includes a structural frame on which PV panels are fixed and which contain a battery group and control electronics sealed and fixed inside. [Figure 19b] This is an elevation perspective view of the hinge detail of at least one panel, adapted to facilitate entry and exit into the embodiment shown in Figure 19a. [Figure 19c] This is an elevation perspective view of the hinge detail of at least one panel, adapted to facilitate entry and exit into the embodiment shown in Figure 19a. [Figure 20a] This is an elevation perspective view of a specific configuration in a fourth embodiment of a solar power generation device adapted as a charging station and storage enclosure for a foldable electric kick scooter. [Figure 20b] This is an elevation perspective view of a specific configuration in a fourth embodiment of a solar power generation device adapted as a charging station and storage enclosure for a foldable electric kick scooter. [Figure 20c] This is an elevation perspective view of a specific configuration in a fourth embodiment of a solar power generation device adapted as a charging station and storage enclosure for a foldable electric kick scooter. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0092] Refer to the figures. First, Figures 1a to 1c show structural panel frame elements F for holding a pair of photovoltaic (PV) panels in a two-panel assembly. This assembly is suitable for fixing to a building or existing fence panel, or for forming a freestanding structure, such as a PV power generation enclosure.

[0093] As stated in the preamble, a standard PV panel includes an extruded section E made of lightweight aluminum. It typically provides a series of spaced grounding holes G, and a mounting flange containing an edge shape (not shown) for engaging with and holding a substrate on which PV modules are fixed, as shown in Figures 2a and 2b, and a protective top laminate or film. It will be well understood that the extruded section E of a standard panel provides only minimal structural integrity, sufficient only to provide protection to the PV modules within the panel when handled carefully. Embodiments of the structural frame element of the present invention provide additional structural rigidity to the lightweight extruded section, forming a structural PV panel or assembly thereof.

[0094] The first configuration of the structural frame element F includes a lip region L, as shown in Figure 1a, which defines a corner of the enclosure in one arrangement or mounts the panel assembly to an existing frame or enclosure surface plate. Fixing holes H are provided along the extension of the structural frame element F, through which tamper-proof bolts are used to present a tamper-proof enclosure in which the battery storage device and control circuit can be fixed. The PV panel assembly includes a collapsible box structure B, which may provide cabling from the individual PV panels to the charge controller inside the enclosure. Ideally, however, the box structure B provides a waterproof housing for a DC-DC converter, microinverter, or voltage regulator such as a maximum power point tracking (MPPT), according to proposed configuration requirements. Optionally, a fan or blower is provided within the housing B to direct air to the back of the panel for ventilation or to direct air directly across the outer surface of the panel for cooling.

[0095] As will be explained in more detail below, structural PV panels, or assemblies formed in this manner, are ideal for the configuration of enclosures that house or include PV power generation equipment.

[0096] In a preferred configuration of the enclosure, structural frame elements F form the framework of the enclosure, and the PV panels fixed thereto form its main surface, often eliminating the requirement for an enclosure to which standard PV panels can be fixed. As will be understood by those skilled in the art, internal racks can be used to form part of the structural integrity of the enclosure.

[0097] As shown in Figures 9a to 9e, the base element may be made from thermoflexible polyurethane (TPU). Holes are formed within it, into which the assembled structural frame or PV assembly is fixed together with the roof section to form the enclosure. Additionally, holes for fixing to the ground are present, allowing the base to be fixed to the ground via ground fixing screws or to a concrete slab via bolts of appropriate strength. Ventilation holes in the base element are protected by mesh to allow air to enter the cabinet from the base and to prevent insect intrusion. Drainage holes with mesh protection may also be provided to prevent water intrusion or condensation that forms inside the cabinet.

[0098] The roof section 14 or any roof PV panel 15 is joined to the internal frame via a TPU mold. The TPU molded section can be separately covered with an aluminum panel of composite material, which has a colored exterior, to achieve the desired aesthetic appearance.

[0099] In one configuration, the inverter (INV) can be mounted in the upper right or left corner of the cabinet, with a clearance of at least 10 cm around it in all directions. The battery is stacked vertically in the interior area opposite the inverter, ensuring that any gas leaks from the battery do not affect the inverter.

[0100] To extract the maximum energy from each PV panel 15, a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) controller is provided on the surface of the enclosure that covers each PV. The controller 16 is located above the battery on the fire-resistant backboard. Circuits such as a monitoring unit 19 that maintains the battery charge rate balance may also be located on the backboard.

[0101] A brushless motor-driven DC fan is installed within the TPU molding element of the cabinet's roof. The combination of the fan and vents located at the base and top of the cabinet ensures rapid airflow from the base to the top and to the atmosphere as needed, maintaining cooling of the internal equipment. The fan is activated by a temperature sensor with a preset threshold.

[0102] A central LED lighting strip can be used to visually indicate the current status, capacity level, and charge or discharge level of cells within the cabinet, and to provide the user with visual warnings about any issues that may require investigation.

[0103] Figures 2a and 2b show a first specific embodiment of a structural frame element S1 according to the present invention. The frame element S1 has a structure that provides rigidity to two PV panels in a flat assembly. This structure includes a tubular channel which may be used for cable routing, but is adapted to receive a reinforcing member to provide improved strength and rigidity to the PV panel assembly. The reinforcing member may be tubular itself, allowing cable routing through it. In a preferred configuration, the reinforcing member comprises a busbar element insulated from the structure (formed from a conductive material such as aluminum) and the PV panel (where the structure is a PVC or similar extruded part), providing a conductive path for the power accumulated from the PV panel. Ideally, busbar elements for both positive (+ve) and negative (-ve) paths are provided.

[0104] The mounting flange of the extruded portion E of the PV panel is fixed to the mounting surface A of the structural frame element S1 via through bolts T that engage with grounding holes G within the extruded portion E. The structure of the frame element S1 includes an outer shape R that receives the edge, which in this case is adapted to receive a fitted cladding metal element C for aesthetic alignment or for functional insulation of the interior of the enclosure. If necessary, an MPPT tracking circuit may be mounted inside the PV panel substrate. Optionally, a cooling fan (described in more detail below with reference to Figure 5) is included.

[0105] Figures 3a to 3e show a second embodiment of the structural frame element S2, in which the structure comprises an extruded portion of PVC or a similar plastic material (to prevent thermal crosslinking), within which a reinforcing member with an electric busbar is embedded.

[0106] A flat PV assembly, comprising at least four PV panels, is shown in Figure 3a, having vertically positioned structural frame elements S2 fixed to the PV panels. Within the frame elements, a first rectangular cross-section tubular reinforcing member forms the +veVB busbar of the positive rail, and a second reinforcing member forms the -veVB vertical busbar of the negative rail.

[0107] The two vertical conductors / busbars, +veVB and -veVB, are offset from each other, and the extruded portion E of the PV frame is offset by the amount of insulating plastic material necessary to insulate the transmitted current. The busbars would otherwise be located together to minimize the generation of electromagnetic fields (EMI attenuation). The vertical conductors are ideally made of aluminum, providing vertical rigidity across the bonded PV panels, which enhances the inherent strength of the structure and the internal cladding metal plate material C.

[0108] Figure 3b shows the interconnection of the positive horizontal busbar +veHB to the positive vertical busbar +veVB, and the corresponding interconnection of the negative horizontal busbar -veHB to the negative vertical busbar -veVB. The availability of busbars in both the horizontal and vertical planes enables optimal connectivity and optimal power integration from the PV panels. Those skilled in the art will understand that series and parallel connections of PV panels can be advantageously selected according to the configuration requirements of each panel within the assembly.

[0109] Figure 3c shows in detail the extruded shape of the structural frame element S2. It includes a mounting surface A, through which a PV panel is held via a lightweight extruded section E, and an edge receiving outer shape R for engaging with the cladding metal C. For larger panel assemblies where connecting vertical busbars is necessary or desirable, horizontal frame elements SH are provided at the top and bottom of each PV panel. The horizontal frame elements SH encapsulate both the positive and negative horizontal busbars within them. These busbars are arranged to engage with their respective vertical busbars and to be physically and electrically secured. Self-tapping screws or bolts, as well as anti-loosening nut connections on the horizontal and vertical busbars, provide further mechanical integrity and overcome any contact impedance / resistance.

[0110] As shown in Figures 3d and 3e, ring-shaped termination connectors, bent and connected to the positive and negative PV panel outputs +vePV and -vePV, are mounted to their respective vertical busbars via self-tapping screws. These output leads are routed through channels in frame element S2 and positioned coplane with respect to each busbar. The PV power output can be taken directly from the panel or via a control circuit such as an MPPT, as shown.

[0111] The shape of the structural frame element S2 is not intended to be limited by the surface to which it is attached or engaged with the extruded portion E or the cladding metal C (preferably, but not an essential component of the structural PV frame or frame assembly) of the PV panel. The edge receiving outer shape R may be sized and shaped to receive the extruded portion E of the lightweight frame of the PV panel.

[0112] Figure 4a shows an assembly of multiple panels formed using the structural frame elements of the present invention. Within the structural frame elements, reinforcing members provide interconnections for the busbars of the PV panels within the assembly. Ideally, the structural frame elements are provided around the outer edge of the assembly, providing sufficient structural integrity between each column and row of PV panels to facilitate the lifting of the completed assembly.

[0113] Figures 4b and 4c show cross-sections of the third and fourth embodiments of the structural frame elements S3 and S4, respectively, each comprising an extruded structure in which a reinforcing member defines an insulated positive electrode +ve and a negative electrode -ve electric busbar.

[0114] In the third embodiment, the structural frame element S3 has busbars +ve and -ve arranged in an L-shape. In the fourth embodiment, the structural frame element S3 has busbars +ve and -ve arranged in a T-shape. Both configurations provide improved structural integrity in two planes, namely the parallel and vertical planes of the flat PV assembly.

[0115] It should be understood that the structural frame elements of the present invention facilitate the joining of PV panels and multi-panel assemblies at any desired angle to each other, and that hinged frame elements do not deviate from the overall disclosure of the present invention.

[0116] Figure 5 shows a covering metal plate C suitable for mounting on a panel assembly, which provides ventilation and active cooling for the PV panel.

[0117] The PV panels and panel assemblies are preferably backed with suitable boards that may feature ventilation at the base and top to keep the solar panels cool and prevent moisture buildup. A fan powered by 48V is connected to the PV panel outputs +vePV and -vePV and can operate within the operating range of the PV panels. Assuming that a 0.5% efficiency loss occurs in a monocrystalline PV module for every 1°C temperature rise above 25°, the energy cost of moving air to provide cooling is generally less than the cost incurred from the reduced efficiency loss due to temperatures rising above optimal.

[0118] As described below, the housing of the present invention includes a housing that forms a PV power generation device and is ideally configured for suboptimal power generation, as detailed below. To illustrate the prior art, for supplying electrical energy to a small farm or remote dwelling, a power generation assembly comprises an array of photovoltaic panels arranged as a group connected in a chain configuration via cable connectors. These panels are fixed at an angle of inclination corresponding to the local latitude and facing south for sites in the Northern Hemisphere. Wind turbines may be provided to increase the input from the photovoltaic panels (and to provide additional power during dark hours). For larger power plants, turbines operating at medium and high voltages offer a lower-cost solution per set kW, while small wind turbines (SWTs) often cost two to four times more per set kW, as the SWT market is relatively immature. Many "small" wind installations, i.e., 40m², are available. 2 Equipment with a rotor sweep area of ​​less than 1kW has a rated power between 1kW and 7kW. A 6kW turbine can generate up to 9000kWh per year.

[0119] A typical home uses approximately 11,000 kWh of electricity per year, which is roughly equivalent to a daily consumption of 30 kWh.

[0120] The DC outputs of the PV panels and wind turbines can be routed through a fixed-power output junction box to a battery cluster housed within the enclosure. Within this enclosure, voltage regulators and monitoring and control electronics are also housed in waterproof cabinets. Power inverters may also be located within the enclosure, or optionally within the junction box, where power supply lines connect the power generation assembly to the demand side. Optional auxiliary PV panels for control electronics may be provided, mounted on poles attached to the enclosure.

[0121] As stated in the preamble, this configuration has many drawbacks, especially for the needs of remote and off-grid living where robustness and usefulness are essential requirements.

[0122] The configuration of the prior art is not easily applicable to small dwellings or off-grid applications and is unsuitable as a power hub for charging electric vehicles.

[0123] As detailed above, there are significant daily and seasonal variations in the angle of incidence of direct solar radiation on the surface. The main influence during the day is the arc the sun traces (relative to the incident surface, i.e., the stationary PV panel) during the day from sunrise to sunset. Additional daily variations include cloud cover and shadows from adjacent plants or buildings (such as buildings that may contain other arrays of PV panels). Tracking the arc of the sun's orbit using an automatic tracking mechanism and keeping the PV panel face perpendicular to the sun overcomes much, though not all, of the daily variations, but it adds many costs to collect power. For stationary PV panels, in order to maximize the accumulation of incidental radiation, the stationary PV panels need to be positioned facing directly south in the Northern Hemisphere and north in the Southern Hemisphere, i.e., east-west.

[0124] To account for seasonal variations, the angle at which the PV panel is tilted depends on the local latitude. In Figure 6a, enclosure 1 is positioned in the center of a circle indicated by four azimuths N, S, E, and W. The first line ES represents the daily orbital altitude of the sun at the summer solstice and suggests the optimal slope or tilt TS of the PV panel to collect the maximum available solar radiation at this time of year. Similarly, the second line EW represents the significantly lower orbital altitude of the sun at the winter solstice, but nevertheless suggests the optimal tilt TW of the PV panel to collect solar radiation at this time of year. For a stationary PV panel, the optimal tilt angle is represented by the midpoint of two extremes (represented by lines ES and EW, and their corresponding tilt angles TE and TW), which will likely be aligned to approach the vernal and autumnal equinoxes.

[0125] In calculating the available energy that can be collected from solar radiation, it is important to distinguish between "direct irradiation," which is the light that the panel collects from the sun, and "scattered irradiation," which is the light energy that the panel collects that is diffused mainly by clouds or reflected ambient light. In Figure 6b, the bar graph shows the monthly direct and scattered irradiation, averaged for each month over a year, at 51°N (London, UK), in terms of energy per kilowatt-hour per square meter (kWh / daym²). 2 ) is measured and shown as follows. From this example, the average daily available direct light will generate approximately 0.5–0.75 kWh of energy per square meter of exposed PB panels between November, December, and January. Furthermore, the average ambient or scattered light will not exceed 1 kWh per square meter of available PV panels during any period between October and February.

[0126] By combining the daily averages of direct and indirect illumination (ambient light, scattered light, or reflected light), it is possible to calculate the minimum area of ​​PV panels required to achieve the nominal rating for an array or assembly of PV panels. Referring now to Figure 7, a first embodiment of a photovoltaic power generation system 10 is shown, which comprises a cabinet 12 defining a housing and having four flat surfaces 13 and a roof section 14.

[0127] In its most basic configuration, the device comprises a cabinet on which vertically arranged PV panels 15 are fixed to the front, rear, and sides. The front is the south-facing surface in the Northern Hemisphere and has the total surface area of ​​the light-receiving PV panels to yield the rated output. For low-power requirements, the average output per day in winter can be as low as 200 Wh. This is sufficient to charge many electronic devices or, in one very specific application of the invention, can be used to maintain operating current for recording, storing, and transmitting data collected at a remote monitoring station. The collected energy can be increased by the arrangement of reflectors that angle and deflect direct incident light toward the light-receiving panels. In a preferred configuration, the roof 14 comprises PV panels that can be sloped to optimize the collection of solar radiation and / or to prevent the accumulation of snow and fallen leaves.

[0128] In the modified orientation of the rectangular cross-section enclosure, the front is oriented east toward sunrise and the rear toward sunset to maximize the incident area during the winter months, while the south-facing side and roof panels allow for maximum accumulation of available light during the day.

[0129] The cabinet forms an enclosure for storing energy via a group of storage batteries and energy management or control circuits. In the basic embodiment shown in Figure 3, seven PV panels 15 are arranged across five sides (two sides, front, rear, and roof).

[0130] PV panels are designed and rated to withstand harsh environmental conditions. In the case of cabinets formed from extruded or molded aluminum frame elements, the resulting enclosures have excellent corrosion resistance and can withstand harsh thermal and UV conditions. Anodized stainless steel is a preferred material for manufacturing enclosures in which the panels are fixed to the existing surface via the attachment of a boundary frame.

[0131] Several environmental control features are integrated to allow the cabinet to survive in potentially very harsh outdoor settings.

[0132] A separate vent, protected internally by a fine mesh (to prevent insect intrusion), is incorporated either below the roof frame or roof panel, allowing hot air and any gases generated from battery charging to escape. Equivalent vents can be installed at the base or support floor, allowing cool air to enter and circulate. This feature is supplemented by an automatically temperature-activated waterproof cooling fan to promote airflow from base to top. If the operating temperature may exceed the temperature limits of the internal components, a series of fans can be activated when a predetermined threshold is reached. Additional, optional features guide airflow across the PV panels to reduce surface temperature and minimize the negative temperature coefficient. Here, the power output of the PV panels may be reduced by more than the power utilized by the cooling fan.

[0133] A grounding rod (not shown) can be installed before the enclosure is set up and before it is connected to the frame elements, allowing the enclosure and the equipment inside to be electrically grounded using connections from the cabinet and the provided internal frame. When the cabinet is secured using ground fixing screws, these screws can be used as grounding members for the power generation equipment.

[0134] For cabinets deployed in more demanding environments, fluted corrugated plastic sheets can be used alone or in combination with commercially available insulating materials to suppress extreme temperatures inside the cabinet, allowing for a wider operating range for equipment and cells within their design parameters. Gaps between the outer surface of the panel and the frame elements may also be provided to prevent thermal bridging.

[0135] As shown in Figure 8, seven 100W PV panels (only five are shown) are connected to a charge controller 16 for each face to regulate the charging power supplied to the battery cells. In the exemplary configuration, charge controller 16a (associated with one PV panel; hereafter identified as the “top panel”) is connected to a reserve group RB in a deep-cycle battery of the type described herein and capable of charging below 5°C. The remaining four charge controller 16 channels collect power from the remaining panels and charge a battery group (referred to as the “working group” WB) with lithium-ion or lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) cells, both of which are ideally known to have good power characteristics. The power, converted from DC to AC through a 2kW inverter INV, provides the main voltage directly to the circuit breaker RCD or the dwelling's consumption units. In the shown embodiment, the output voltage is used to power a Grundfos CMBE AC boost pump P to maintain water pressure in the supply.

[0136] The reserve group RB powers an isolated DC-DC charger 17, which maintains the operating voltage through the individual batteries of the working group WB. The DC-DC charger 17 is a 30A unit designed to charge the working group WB when the reserve group battery voltage exceeds 11V and the individual battery voltage drops below 12.5V.

[0137] Associated with the inverter is an actuation sensor 18, which enables a low-voltage standby mode. The remote monitoring unit 19 may include a communication module for measuring working and backup battery voltages and inverter load, and for alerting the user or inspection contractor. Advantageously, a pressure sensor is provided to automatically start and stop the boost pump P, thereby optimizing available power.

[0138] It has been confirmed that, in both diurnal and seasonal fluctuations, PV panels utilize multiple charge controllers 16 that supply power to the solar panel 15, each functioning differently on each side, to combine cell technologies, drawing out their respective strengths and compensating for their respective weaknesses. By combining cell technologies within the type of power generation circuit presented by the present invention, it is possible to extend the lifespan of both cell technologies. This is particularly relevant to frequent cycles or frequent loads applied throughout the summer months.

[0139] Advantageously, the workgroup WB includes lithium-ion or lithium iron phosphate cell batteries connected together in series to produce the required circuit voltage (e.g., two 12V batteries to provide a 24V circuit). Another battery may be connected in parallel to provide additional capacity to the workgroup as needed. A charge balancer can be used to ensure that differences in charge states between cells are compensated for during the charging process.

[0140] Commercial lithium-ion and lithium iron phosphate cell batteries often feature embedded protective circuits, which circulate more deeply and frequently than alternative technologies and have a more favorable weight-to-kWh ratio compared to alternative technologies.

[0141] However, it should be noted that these batteries may degrade over time at 80-100% charge levels, are more expensive per Wh compared to other battery technologies, and have poor charging characteristics below 5°C.

[0142] The absorbent glass mat (AGM) cells constituting the reserve group RB are connected in series to create a circuit up to 48V. AGM batteries can also be connected in parallel, creating additional capacity as needed, with a limit of up to three parallel batteries per group. A charge balancer is always used to ensure that differences in charge states between batteries are compensated for during the charging process. Overcurrent protection devices are incorporated into the circuit to compensate for any lack of embedded protection features.

[0143] It should be noted that AGM batteries do not tend to degrade over long periods at 100% charge (compared to lithium-based batteries). AGM batteries are less expensive in terms of capacity per kWh compared to other technologies, can be charged at temperatures below 0°C, have deep discharge characteristics, and can discharge to 40% of their capacity over more than 1000 cycles per day before starting to degrade. On the other hand, if the discharge rate is greater than 40% and the battery cells are frequently charged and discharged for periods exceeding 2 hours, the battery cells may degrade more rapidly.

[0144] Since the lowest temperatures are likely to occur during the minimum period of winter, it is important to focus on charging batteries that have a minimum operating temperature range.

[0145] As shown in Figure 8, the lithium-based battery workgroup WB is charged directly from charge controller 16, with the exception of charge controller 16a associated with the top panel connected to the reserve group RB. The panel selected to charge the workgroup WB is the panel that receives maximum solar radiation during the minimum period of winter, thus maintaining as much momentum as possible toward a fully charged state.

[0146] If there is frequent daily charging and discharging of the AGM reserve group RB, it is beneficial to add a lithium-based or alternative battery designed for frequent charging and discharging, or a sacrificial battery, which is charged from the top panel charge controller 16a and directs much of the charging and discharging to this battery, reducing the depth of discharge experienced by the AGM cells and decreasing the time the lithium cells are fully charged. An isolated DC-DC converter (or charger) 17 transfers energy from the lithium battery of the work group WB to the AGM battery of the reserve group RB. This isolated DC-DC converter should be sized to charge at a rate as close as possible to the discharge rate of the AGM battery. When the load is connected via the inverter INV, any voltage drop experienced by the work group WB triggers a charging process from the reserve group RB, which continues until either the work group battery is fully charged or the reserve group is depleted.

[0147] This approach reduces the cycle depth of the working group batteries, extending their lifespan, while also reducing the time the reserve group spends at 100% charge, thus extending its lifespan as well. This configuration also directs stronger summer solar power from the top panel to the reserve group batteries, allowing them to charge and discharge more frequently, recover more quickly when solar energy is abundant, and again reduce charging and discharging in the working group. Advantageously, the solar panels that generate the maximum power in winter do not need to use energy at the peak of sunlight to maintain the temperature of the working group cells within their operating range, in order to charge the group that is actually powering the load. This thus eliminates the extra energy consumption required to heat the lithium cells to accept charge or to convert energy through the DC-DC charging process when energy is scarce.

[0148] The use of dual-cell technology to optimize collection at the minimum level of sunlight provides additional capacity to a given system, economically reducing the overall system cost without incurring any of the compromises inherent in single-cell technology.

[0149] Figures 9a and 9b show a cabinet 10 similar to that in Figure 7, but with a larger capacity and an internal structural frame 11. As previously mentioned, each wall 13 is fitted with solar panels 15, ideally mounted together with panel frames (as shown in Figures 1a-1c), which are fixed to the structural frame elements 11 of the cabinet 12. The roof section 14 is positioned at an angle to the front or rear, thereby optimizing the collection of sunlight and ensuring optimal conditions for several months of the summer.

[0150] The cabinets are sized and shaped to house standard batteries, forming the reserve RB and working RB groups. Lithium-based batteries (lithium-ion batteries or lithium iron phosphate batteries) are used as working cells, and a sufficient quantity is provided to ensure that they reach a discharge depth of less than 40% daily during less-than-optimal solar collection periods (especially in winter), maximizing cell life (each battery will last for either 25 to 40 years).

[0151] By stacking the batteries of the WB workgroup and connecting them in a 4S3P configuration (i.e., four batteries in series and three batteries in parallel), a maximum storage capacity of 33kWh and a maximum power output of 15kW (from 48 volts, 312 amps to 240 volts, 60 amps) are transmitted via a wall-mounted inverter INV.

[0152] The described embodiment can be used in many different configurations and can be used as a charging cabinet for a hybrid grid with integrated solar power generation.

[0153] Figure 9c shows a minor but significant modification to the arrangement of an embodiment of the photovoltaic enclosure, in which the work units are arranged in a linear stack. In the preferred configuration, a standard 19-inch rack structure is used, and selected components, such as lithium battery packs, inverters, and charge control circuits, can be stacked within the rack with easily removable connections.

[0154] Figures 9d and 9e illustrate another configuration in the first embodiment of the photovoltaic enclosure, in which the internal frame 11 provides support for standard industrial rack-mounting elements, such as lithium packs that can be mounted on the rack described above. As production scales up, the availability of reliable, inexpensive, and potentially "plug-and-play" component modules, standardized, with power connections including ground connections to frame elements, allows for easy expansion of the enclosure capacity of the present invention. As will be discussed below, the present invention may also be provided in the form of a "component kit," allowing the purchaser to select a minimum set of operating elements to increase capacity and, if necessary, add backup batteries or incorporate an external energy source.

[0155] In the embodiment shown, the charge controller 16 and inverter INV are mounted on the rear panel (with a 10 cm gap around the inverter), but these components may be supplied mounted in a rack instead.

[0156] The enclosure includes sheet aluminum or steel panels to which PV panels can be fixed. This facilitates the direct mounting of PV panels to the enclosure. Alternatively, the PV panels are mounted within a frame, which is then fixed to the sheet panels of the enclosure. In the most preferred configuration, the PV panels mounted within a rigid frame form the front, rear, and sides (and ideally the roof section) of the enclosure.

[0157] Figures 10a and 10b show a power generator 100, including a landing and charging platform, for an automated vehicle such as an aerial drone AD. The roof section 114 of the cabinet is adapted to open by pivoting around a motor drive shaft 117. The drone is magnetically locked inside the roof section. From this roof section, the drone can be deployed when release power is applied to disable the magnetic locking. Charging of the drone's battery is wireless via inductive coupling. While the drone is deployed, the roof section is closed to avoid blocking light from the PV panel 113 and to allow for further charging via the PV panel of the roof section, if provided.

[0158] Referring next to Figures 11a and 11b, a garden shed or small garage structure 20 is shown, which has structural frame elements 21, a front wall, a rear wall, and side walls 23, as well as a sloping roof section 24. Each wall is covered with PV panels 25, which are either fixed to the existing wall or mounted together in a frame fixed to the frame elements 21 of the enclosure along the outer edges. One wall may include a door (not shown) or be formed as a complete hinged section.

[0159] The roof section 24 is shown as a pitched roof panel style configuration, with PV panels 25 replacing roof panel tiles, although a single panel roof to which the PV panels are fixed may also be provided. As described above, the roof pitch angle is determined by individual or site requirements and may be directed toward the summer sun at its peak daytime. In the exposed view of Figure 11b, the front wall (or door) and side wall 13 are removed to expose the interior layout, where a group of batteries WB, RB, connected in a configuration similar to that described with respect to Figure 8 or Figure 9b, are arranged along the rear wall along with the associated inverter INV and control circuit. Electrical outlets may be provided to illuminate both the inside and outside of the enclosure, as well as for charging points for electric vehicles (EVs), from scooters and electric bicycles to electric motorcycles (illustrated) and automobiles. Wall-mounted reels (not shown) for EV cables may be adjacent to the garage to provide convenient connectivity.

[0160] The amount of solar power generated by the PV panels on the roof section 24, as well as the front, side, and rear 23, can consolidate a useful amount of energy and use the energy stored in the workgroup WB to power the inverter INV, which can charge EVs at a rate exceeding 2kW.

[0161] The panels are joined together via optionally 3D-printed joints. These joints secure the interior of each solar panel surface within the corners of each aluminum frame and have a central hub. This central hub bolts the panels together, forming a robust network of connections across the surfaces. These can optionally be hinged, allowing the panels on each surface to fold open, enabling full access to the interior of the installation.

[0162] By incorporating insulating material within the panel aperture, improved temperature stability within the structure can be achieved.

[0163] The aperture between the angled roof panel, side panel, and front panel can be illuminated using LED light strips, and the charging status and solar power generation can be indicated through changing colors and patterns.

[0164] The second configuration in the power generation unit enclosure can be scaled up from the size of a garden shed to a warehouse or industrial unit such as a logistics center. In Figures 11c to 11e, the shipping container is provided with an assembly of PV panels with a structural frame accompanied by support beams. These support beams are adapted to suspend locking brackets configured to engage twist locking receivers with the body of the shipping container.

[0165] An additional component to the enclosure configuration is a photovoltaic power generation device 30, as shown in Figures 12a and 12b. It is formed to present an open cabinet 32 ​​comprising structural frame elements 31 and a series of PV panels 35 arranged between them. Since the cabinet is open, scattered light can be utilized using the bifacial PV panels. Advantageously, the panel frame is provided to mount the PV panels back-to-back. The panel frame may incorporate a charge controller / regulator to manage mismatch voltages generated by the pair of panels and to facilitate securing the mounted panels 35 to the structural frame elements 31.

[0166] In the configuration shown, there are two panels 35 (each double-sided) arranged vertically on each side wall, a pair of upper and lower panels (not necessarily double-sided) on the rear wall adapted to house mounting hooks, and a foldable electric scooter EV as shown in Figure 12b. The batteries forming the work group WB and reserve group RB can be housed within the enclosure at ground level. Use in which the cabinet is applied, i.e., use as a charging station, eliminates the need for an inverter. An additional communication module enabling payment confirmation can be mounted on the interior rear wall, or more advantageously, adjacent to the opening of the cabinet.

[0167] The enclosure or power generation device of the present invention may be configured as a remote monitoring station for supplying power to an air or water sampling device and associated transmissions via a communication module. In Figure 13, the remote monitoring station 70 is configured to house a test facility and includes a door D for authorized personnel to enter and exit. PV panels 73 are mounted on all main surfaces, including the door, and ideally also on the roof section. The monitoring station is mounted within a base plate 75, from which ground fixing screws 76 fixed to each corner of the base plate 75 secure the station 70 in place.

[0168] From the above, it should be understood that several ground anchoring methods may be available, and that larger power generation equipment may require load-bearing platforms or concrete pads.

[0169] Gas-powered central heating in many residences has been replaced by geothermal or air-source heat pumps, and some jurisdictions prohibit the supply of city gas to newly constructed properties. The fact that heat pumps consume a lot of electricity and can have a significant financial impact on users is generally a downside. The modified power generation device 80 of the present invention is integrated with the heat pump HP as shown in Figure 14 to reduce operating costs. PV panels 83 are installed on all available main surfaces, including the roof section 84. For optimal configuration effect to collect solar radiation, the heat pump vents are positioned on surfaces oriented away from the arc of the sun's trajectory.

[0170] A variation of the power generation device with a charging station 90 is shown in Figure 15. Here, the surface presented away from the arc of the sun's orbit is replaced by a surface containing multiple battery receptacles R. Each receptacle is adapted to receive a removable EV battery, for example, from an electric motorcycle, electric bicycle, or electric foot scooter. If the charging station 90 is entrusted to a single manufacturer, the receptacles may include charging connectors that connect directly to the EV battery. This arrangement facilitates a battery replacement scheme. Here, a fully charged battery can be retrieved from the receptacle when the receptacle door is opened, after a valid and rechargeable battery has been deposited and payment authentication has been confirmed. In other situations, termination connectors may be provided for various batteries, but charging will only occur after the receptacle door is closed, or, if payment authentication is provided, only after payment authentication has been performed. To facilitate card payments, a communication module for payment authentication may be installed inside the cabinet. In a preferred configuration, battery charging is accelerated for newly installed batteries, and fully charged batteries become part of the work group WB or reserve group RB according to a predetermined charging standard.

[0171] Figure 16a shows an elevation perspective view of a housing similar to that in the second embodiment, in which one main surface of the housing abuts against or is integrated with a wall (including the wall of a building) and has a sloping roof section that ideally faces south in the Northern Hemisphere and is angled for optimal solar radiation at its local latitude.

[0172] Figure 16b shows a power socket for attaching a power cable, where the enclosure is optimized for external power generation, for example, for connection to an EV.

[0173] Figure 17 shows a power generator 120 having enhanced security features, including a camera SC and a reinforcing guard locking section GL mounted on an auxiliary surface of the cabinet. In one configuration as shown, the camera platform PL is ideally mounted on a pole that is extendable from inside the cabinet in a telescopic manner and is optionally deployable from inside the cabinet by pivoting the roof section in a manner similar to that shown in Figures 10a and 10b.

[0174] Figure 18 may include any of the enclosure configurations shown in the description or accompanying diagrams, and shows a power generator 130 with communication modules mounted on at least one auxiliary surface of the cabinet housing. In the shown configuration, cellular base station modules M are arranged on each of the corner auxiliary surfaces. The modules or additional circuits associated with each module are housed within the cabinet.

[0175] A fourth embodiment of the photovoltaic power generation system 40 is shown in Figure 19a, which comprises a self-supporting, ground-engaging structural framework with a substantially octagonal cross-section, having eight upright frame elements 41 on which PV panels 45 are mounted in a vertical orientation. The upright frame elements support a roof section 44 on which four PV panels 45 are arranged at an angle to optimally collect solar energy. The roof section also includes a support plate 51 defining a central aperture 52.

[0176] The reserve and working battery cells, sealed and enclosed within the framework, are both arranged within the control circuit in a configuration determined by the use of the proposed power generator. If the power generator is designed as a standalone device, the feet 41a at the bottom of each upright frame element can be anchored to the ground or a concrete base. If the power generator is designed to be lifted or suspended into a remote or inaccessible area, the support plate 51 includes mounting points, such as rated lifting eyes corresponding to the weight of the power generator with batteries. In an alternative configuration, the aperture 52 of the support plate can accommodate the support pole of a wind turbine, increasing the reliability of power collection by the power generator. The power generator is configured as a standalone device, but can be connected to another device to form an array.

[0177] Figures 19b and 19c are elevation perspective views of the hinge details of at least one framed panel 45, adapted to facilitate entry and exit into the enclosure shown in Figure 19a.

[0178] A vertical pair of solar panels 45 are mounted to an upright frame 41 at a 3D-printed panel joint by a molded pivot element 56. This pivot element 56 is rotatably received by a clamping member 57 that operably supports the weight of the framed PV panel 45 and has a biasing mechanism within it that returns the panel to its normally closed position, where the biasing mechanism may be closed by a latch. Enhanced security may be provided by using a magnetic latch mechanism, which is electrically operated in particular by payment card authentication. The pivot element 56 and clamping member 57 are 3D printed or formed from a thermoflexible material such as TPU and may have internal features to prevent rotation beyond the desired range of motion.

[0179] Finally, referring to Figures 20a and 20b, a particular combination in the fourth embodiment 40 of the present invention comprises a charging station 42, ideally for electric bicycles and electric scooter EVs. Similar to the device shown in Figure 19a, the charging station 42 is freestanding with an octagonal cross-section and comprises a ground-engaging frame, which comprises upright frame elements 41, each provided with a fixing plate 41a for securing the station to the ground. As described above, the PV panels 45 are fixed between the upright elements, but pairs of panels are latched to one side to provide an access door. The mechanism described with reference to Figures 19b and 19c is utilized for a centrally located charging pole 61, to which a foldable electric scooter EV is mounted for storage while charging. The upright frame elements 41 also provide support for a roof section 44 in which another PV panel 45 is positioned.

[0180] As detailed in Figure 20c, the central charging pole 61 houses the battery group WB, RB and the charge regulator necessary for charging the electric scooter. A communication module to facilitate card payment authentication may also be integrated into the charging pole. In a preferred configuration, mounting hooks 63 are positioned at separate heights on the charging pole 61 to load the foldable electric scooter EV onto the charging pole 61, providing maximum internal space for the shape of the foldable scooter or other electric mobility device.

[0181] Ideally, a pocket should be provided to accommodate the user's own AC charger, ensuring compatibility with a wide range of e-scooters or other mobile devices.

[0182] Those skilled in the art will understand that the above embodiment 40 is not limited to rectangular or octagonal cross-sections, and that in certain circumstances other shapes including hexagons and triangles may be preferred.

[0183] Furthermore, the present invention provides a component kit for forming framed PV panels and systems. These component kits include: A selected number of PV panels mounted within the frame in the selected configuration; For each face of the framed panel, a charge controller for the maximum rated voltage and current to be generated to match the power conversion algorithm of the controller; Manual independent switches, automatic circuit breakers, fuse protection, and busbars provide interruption in the event of a selected fault and functionally integrate charge from the charge controller to the battery cell termination. It is equipped with.

[0184] Advantageously, PV panels include a toughening layer on all sides, maximizing the indirect yield of solar radiation.

[0185] The frame may be made of stainless steel for rigidity and strength, or molded aluminum for a combination of lightweight and strength properties.

[0186] Ideally, pairs of PV panels are mounted on a single frame and electrically connected in series to maximize the voltage they generate.

[0187] The component kit further offers high-demand applications, and AC power is: A separate DC charge controller; and Inverter with manual cutoff switch, It requires.

[0188] Optionally, a first set of working batteries and a set of spare batteries are also provided.

[0189] In a preferred configuration, the spare battery group comprises AGMs provided in a configuration associated with the required system voltage, such as 4S3P for a 12V system, and the working battery group comprises lithium-based batteries, such as those based on lithium-ion or lithium iron phosphate cell technology, which may be in a configuration associated with a system voltage of, for example, 4S1P, where appropriate.

[0190] Isolated DC charge controllers are rated to twice the maximum load charging capacity when transferring energy from AGM battery groups to lithium groups.

[0191] The inverter is rated up to 15kW and converts energy from a workgroup to AC for distribution via intrusion protection class (IP class) outlets. Support and standby power modes for automatic load protection reduce background energy consumption.

[0192] For use involving a device supplied with either AC or DC power, for consistent, year-round use: Deep discharge working cells (lithium batteries) are sized to 250% of the maximum daily power (Wh) load, maximizing the effective lifespan of working cells by ensuring bias towards discharging working cells to less than 40% of their capacity.

[0193] For use in providing services to multiple low-load devices (rather than a few high-load devices), an integrated device combining a solar charge controller and inverter is provided for each device output (actually one per PV panel surface), with standby mode functionality to minimize background load.

[0194] Naturally, it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific details described herein, which are given only as examples, and that various modifications and substitutions are possible within the appended "Claims".

Claims

1. A frame element for forming a structural photovoltaic (PV) panel, wherein the frame element is It has a structure that provides rigidity to the frame elements, The aforementioned structure has a mounting surface and an edge receiving outer shape, The structure comprises a structural frame element, which is adapted therein to restrain a reinforcing member along a substantial extension of the frame element.

2. The structural frame element according to claim 1, wherein the reinforcing member is tubular.

3. The structural frame element according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the reinforcing member is conductive and is insulated from the PV panel by the structure.

4. The structural frame element according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the reinforcing member comprises a rail busbar of selected polarity to which the PV panel is connected.

5. The structural frame element according to claim 1, wherein substantially rectangular reinforcing members are positioned adjacent to one another to attenuate electromagnetic interference (EMI) associated with guiding power from the PV panel.

6. The structural frame element according to claim 5, wherein the reinforcing members are positioned substantially perpendicular to each other in order to provide structural reinforcement in the two main axes.

7. The structural frame element according to any one of claims 4 to 6, wherein the positive and negative electrode busbars are provided on one or both of the horizontal and vertical planes.

8. A structural photovoltaic (PV) panel of the type described in claim 1, having at least one frame element, wherein the frame element or each of the frame elements is A fixing member for securing one structural frame element to another structural frame element. A foot or fastener that engages with the ground, A fence post having a defined frame receiving channel inside, or A locking member for fixing a frame element to the locking receiving part of a transport container. A structural photovoltaic (PV) panel, comprising mounting means selected from any one of the following.

9. The structural PV panel according to claim 8, wherein the mounting means is functionally adapted to fix the panel to a building or housing surface.

10. The structural PV panel according to claim 8 or 9, wherein the frame element or each of the frame elements is fixed to the framework.

11. A structural PV panel according to claim 8, comprising a plurality of structural PV panels, positioned within a frame receiving channel of a series of fence posts.

12. A structural PV panel according to any one of claims 8 to 10, wherein the PV panel is adapted to form a self-supporting enclosure.

13. A modular photovoltaic (PV) system, PV panels and, A structural frame element of the type described in claim 1, means of attachment, Equipped with, Each PV panel is fixed to a structural frame element having at least one reinforcing member defined within it. The aforementioned mounting means is A fixing member for securing one structural frame element to another structural frame element. A foot or fastener that engages with the ground, A fence post having a defined frame receiving channel inside, or A locking member for fixing a frame element to the locking receiving part of a transport container. A modular photovoltaic (PV) system, in which any one of the following can be selected.

14. A housing for a photovoltaic (PV) device, wherein the PV panel has at least two of its main surfaces operably formed, and the housing is A structural frame element of the type described in claim 1, and mounting means for fixing the housing to the ground or the surface of a building. To define the vertical surface of the housing, a plurality of PV panels are fixed to the structural frame element. A control circuit, sealed and disposed within the housing, for adjusting electrical energy generated via the PV panel and an energy storage device connected to the control circuit, and Adjustable electrical outlet means, Equipped with, Housing wherein at least two of the PV panels are arranged on the main surface, at least one of which is oriented in the arc of the sun's orbit (south in the Northern Hemisphere), and of the at least two of the PV panels, the other is selected from either a PV panel arranged substantially perpendicular to the first PV panel or a PV panel attached to the roof section.

15. The enclosure according to claim 14, which is selected from any one of the following: a pre-assembled dedicated enclosure, a garden shed, a residential building, a transport container, a pre-assembled metal building (including a barn, livestock shed, or silo), an industrial building, a warehouse, and a distribution center.

16. The housing according to claim 14 or 15, which is adapted to serve as a remote monitoring or signal relay station, where the energy storage device ensures that power is maintained for data collection, storage, and transmission.

17. The housing according to claim 15 or 16, wherein one of the main surfaces includes an entrance / exit door.

18. The housing according to any one of claims 14 to 17, wherein the structural frame element holds the PV panel in a releasable manner and includes a hinge element on its outer edge to facilitate entry into and exit from the housing.

19. The housing according to any one of claims 14 to 18, wherein each face on which a PV panel is mounted is associated with a dedicated, appropriate rated charge controller, which manages the solar power collected from each panel on the face to maximize the efficiency of the generated charge output.

20. A housing according to any one of claims 14 to 19, adapted for receiving, storing, and charging batteries from electric vehicles (EVs).

21. A housing according to any one of claims 14 to 19, adapted for receiving, storing, and charging EVs from electric kick scooters, electric motorcycles, and electric vehicles (eliminating the need for an external or mains power supply electrical connection).

22. The housing according to claim 14, having an octagonal cross-section, thereby hinged to a framed PV panel, forming a door for access to a charging structure located in the center, above which an electric kick scooter is suspended for storage and charging.

23. The housing according to any one of claims 14 to 22, wherein the housing opens on one of its sides, and at least one side of a PV panel is arranged therein in a configuration of PV panels formed back to back, thereby receiving indirect or reflected solar radiation into the opening of the housing, and thereby the EV enters and exits the charging equipment at the opening.

24. A housing according to any one of claims 14 to 23, including a communication module.

25. A housing according to any one of claims 14 to 23, including a payment authentication means.

26. A photovoltaic (PV) power generation device in which at least two of the main surfaces of a PV panel are operable, wherein the power generation device is Cabinet housing defining the main surface and roof section, comprising a structural frame element of the type described in claim 1, an element for engaging with the ground, and a fixing support for the surface of the building, wherein the cabinet housing comprises a mounting means selected from these, To define the selected vertical principal surface of the cabinet housing, a plurality of PV panels are fixed to the structural frame element. A control circuit, sealed and disposed within the houning, for regulating electrical energy generated via the PV panel and an energy storage device connected to the control circuit, and Adjustable electrical outlet means, Equipped with, A PV power generation system wherein at least two of the PV panels are arranged on the main surface, at least one of which is oriented in the arc of the sun's orbit (south in the Northern Hemisphere), and the other of the at least two PV panels is selected from either a PV panel arranged substantially perpendicular to the first PV panel, or a PV panel mounted on the roof section.

27. The PV power generation device according to claim 26, comprising a group of batteries having deep cycle characteristics and a group of batteries having high power delivery characteristics, and optimizing both charging and delivery of power in suboptimal conditions by combining cell technology with a charge controller and a voltage monitoring circuit.

28. A PV power generation apparatus according to claim 26 or 27, having at least one vertically arranged main surface thereon, wherein the PV panel is movably formed on at least the main surface to optimize the collection of solar radiation in conditions that are not optimal with respect to diurnal and seasonal variations in direct and indirect incidence of solar radiation.

29. A PV power generation device according to any one of claims 26 to 28, wherein each face on which PV panels are mounted is associated with a dedicated appropriate rated charge controller, which manages the solar power collected from each panel on the face to maximize the efficiency of the generated charge output.

30. A PV power generation apparatus according to any one of claims 26 to 29, wherein the array of storage cells provides a direct current (DC) power output to a device or local power connector, or provides an alternating current (AC) power output via an inverter.

31. The PV power generation apparatus according to any one of claims 26 to 30, wherein the first battery group comprises a working group of frequently and deeply charge-discharged cells having an excellent weight-to-kWh ratio, and the second battery group comprises a reserve group that provides additional charge capacity and low-temperature charging function, and each group of working group cells has a charge balancer to compensate for differences in charge state during charge and discharge cycles.

32. The PV power generation apparatus according to any one of claims 26 to 31, wherein the first battery group comprises lithium-ion or lithium iron phosphate batteries, and the second battery group comprises absorbent glass mat (AGM) cells, each provided in a configuration associated with a required system voltage.

33. The PV power generation apparatus according to any one of claims 26 to 32, wherein the total surface area of ​​the PV panels is optimized to produce an average daily power generation of at least 200 Wh.

34. A PV power generation apparatus according to any one of claims 26 to 33, wherein the array of storage cells provides a direct current (DC) power output to a device or local power connector, or provides an alternating current (AC) power output via an inverter.

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