Organic compounds, their manufacturing methods, and applications

Abstract

This invention relates to an organic compound, its manufacturing method, and its applications. The organic compound comprises a head group, a terminal group, and a carbon chain, the carbon chain linking the head group and the terminal group, and there are two or more head groups. The bond strength and content between the organic compound and the substrate surface are high, effectively improving the integrity of the monolayer formed on the substrate surface by the terminal groups contained in the organic compound, reinforcing the bond strength and stability between the film-forming layer of the organic compound and the substrate, effectively reinforcing the compatibility between the work function of the electrode and the energy levels of the perovskite layer, and improving the photoelectric performance of the perovskite solar cell, such as the open-circuit voltage and photoelectric conversion efficiency.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] [Cross-reference of related applications] This application claims priority to a Chinese patent application submitted to the China National Patent Office on February 16, 2023, with application number 202310128732.8, and titled "Organic Compounds, Methods for Producing the Same and Applications," the entirety of which is incorporated into this application by reference.

[0002] This application relates to the field of solar cell technology, and more specifically to organic compounds and methods for producing the same, hole transport materials, perovskite solar cells and power consumption devices. [Background technology]

[0003] Perovskite solar cells contain a hole transport layer, which can improve the open-circuit voltage of the perovskite solar cell by shifting the work function of the positive electrode downward and matching its energy level with that of the perovskite layer. However, conventional hole transport materials have problems with high bonding strength to the electrode and poor quality of the resulting film layer, which suppresses charge extraction in perovskite cells and significantly reduces the photoelectric conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells. [Overview of the Initiative] [Problems that the invention aims to solve]

[0004] In view of the above problems, the embodiments of this application provide an organic compound, a method for producing the same, and an application for solving the technical problem in which conventional self-assembling molecules have low bonding strength with the positive electrode as hole transport materials, resulting in an incomplete monolayer that falls off. [Means for solving the problem]

[0005] According to a first aspect, the embodiments of the present application provide an organic compound. The organic compound of the embodiments of the present application comprises a head group, a terminal group, and a carbon chain, wherein the carbon chain links the head group and the terminal group, and the head group comprises two or more.

[0006] The organic compounds of the embodiments of this application, by increasing the number of head groups, reinforce the bonding strength and amount with the substrate surface and improve the uniformity of their distribution on the substrate. This effectively improves the integrity of the monolayer formed on the substrate surface by the end groups contained in the organic compounds of the embodiments of this application, reinforces the bonding strength between the film-forming layer of the organic compound and the substrate, improves the stability of the monolayer, improves the uniformity of the monolayer, and also performs a polarity-modulating effect on the organic compound together with the end groups and carbon chains, thereby allowing the organic compounds of the embodiments of this application to fully exert their effect of forming a hole transport layer.

[0007] In some embodiments, two or more of the head groups are the same or different -SO3H, -PO(OH)2, -COOH, -Si(OR a ) comprising at least two of 3 or at least two salts of -SO3H, -PO(OH)2, and -COOH, where R a This is the first alkyl group.

[0008] In the example, the first alkyl group is a C1-C5 alkyl group.

[0009] By selecting these specific head groups, the integrity and stability of the monolayer layer formed on the substrate surface by the end groups contained in the organic compounds of the embodiments of this application can be further improved by reinforcing the uniformity of the bonding strength, bonding amount, and distribution with the substrate surface. Furthermore, these head groups can also further enhance the hole transport layer formation action of the organic compounds of the embodiments of this application by adjusting the polarity of the organic compounds of the embodiments of this application.

[0010] In some examples, the terminal group comprises at least one of the following groups: substituted or unsubstituted carbazole, substituted or unsubstituted cyclopentadithiophene, substituted or unsubstituted benzodithiophene, substituted or unsubstituted pyrrolodithiophene, substituted or unsubstituted diphenylamine, or substituted or unsubstituted triphenylamine.

[0011] These terminal groups are aromatic or aromatic heterocyclic groups, possess relatively high hydrophobicity, constitute hydrophobic ends, and have π-π interactions, thereby improving the self-assembly of the organic compounds of the embodiments of this application to form monolayers via these types of terminal groups. Furthermore, these groups and each of the head groups further contain carbon chains, which can adjust the polarity of the organic compounds of the embodiments of this application, further adjust the band gap of the organic compounds of the embodiments of this application, and improve carrier extraction.

[0012] In the example, the carbazole group is [ka] And, The cyclopentadithiophene group is [ka] And, The aforementioned benzodithiophene group is [ka] And, The pyrrologithiophene group is [ka] And, The aforementioned diphenylamine group is [ka] And, The aforementioned triphenylamine group is [ka] And, Here, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R 10 , R 11 , R 12 , R 13is independently hydrogen, halogen, -O-R b , -OH, -NHCOR c , -OCOR d , -CH2COOH, -R e , a phenyl group, a phenyl group substituted with halogen, R substituted with halogen f , a nitrogen-containing group, R substituted with a nitrogen-containing group g , and includes any one of phenyl groups substituted with a nitrogen-containing group, and the R b , R c , R d , R e , R f , R g is independently a second alkyl group, In the examples, the second alkyl group is a C1-C5 alkyl group.

[0013] In the examples, the nitrogen-containing group is -N(R h )2, -NHR i , -NH2, a trimethylamine group, a triethylamine group, a tripropylamine group, and includes any one of them, where R h , R i is independently a third alkyl group.

[0014] The substituted or unsubstituted end groups in each of the above examples all have relatively high hydrophobicity and π-π interaction properties, and can further improve the self-assembly of the organic compounds in each of the above examples through these end groups to form a monolayer, and can further adjust the polarity of the organic compounds in the examples of the present application, further broaden the organic compound band gap in each of the above examples, and further improve the extraction of carriers.

[0015] In some examples, the carbon chain includes at least one of an alkyl chain and an alkyl chain containing a heteroatom.

[0016] In the examples, the number of carbon atoms in the alkyl chain is 1 to 10.

[0017] In the embodiment, the heteroatom includes at least one of O, S, N, B, and Si.

[0018] These carbon chains, together with the head groups and end groups, can adjust the polarity of the organic compounds in the embodiments of this application, further improving the compatibility between the work function of electrodes, particularly conductive oxide electrodes, and the energy levels at the perovskite layer interface, thereby reducing energy loss, improving the open-circuit voltage of the perovskite cell, and significantly improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the perovskite solar cell.

[0019] In some embodiments, one end of the carbon chain is connected to the head group, and the other end of the carbon chain is connected to the terminal group.

[0020] By linking head groups and terminal groups to both ends of the carbon chain, the steric hindrance of the organic compound in the embodiment of this application can be effectively reduced, the ability of the terminal groups to self-assemble and form a monolayer can be improved, the stacking orientation of the terminal groups and head groups can be adjusted and improved, and the stability of the organic compound molecule in the embodiment of this application can be improved.

[0021] In some embodiments, the organic compound is [ka] [ka] It comprises at least one of the compounds and / or a salt of the compound, Here, R 11a , R 12a , R 13a , R 14a , R 15a , R 16a R1 is independently R 21a , R 22a , R 23a , R 24a , R 25a , R 26a R is independently R2, and R 121 , R 122 R12 And R 131 , R 132 R 13 That is the case.

[0022] The organic compounds represented by the specific chemical formulas above contain multiple head groups, which can reinforce the bond strength and amount between the organic compound and the substrate, and improve the integrity of the resulting monolayer. At the same time, through the selection and design of the head groups, carbon chains, and end groups, the organic compounds represented by the specific chemical formulas above can further improve the compatibility between the work function of electrodes, particularly conductive oxide electrodes, and the energy levels at the perovskite layer interface, further reduce energy loss, improve the open-circuit voltage of perovskite batteries, and significantly improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells.

[0023] According to a second aspect, the embodiments of this application provide a method for producing an organic compound. The method for producing an organic compound according to the embodiments of this application includes the following steps.

[0024] Reactant F containing terminal groups a Reactant F containing the first carbon chain b The two are coupled together, and the terminal group is linked to the first carbon chain to form an intermediate product C a The steps to generate, The aforementioned intermediate product C a Reactant F contains a first ester group, which is an ester group containing a first head group. c The two are substituted, and the first head group is linked to the first carbon chain to form the intermediate product C b Generate, or Reactant F containing terminal groups a Reaction product F containing a second carbon chain and a second ester group e The two are added together, and the terminal group is linked to the second carbon chain to form the intermediate product C c A step of producing a, wherein the second ester group is an ester group containing a second head group, and the second head group is linked to the second carbon chain, The aforementioned intermediate product C b The first ester group and / or the intermediate product C contained in the first ester group and / or the intermediate product C c The step of hydrolyzing the second ester group contained in to produce an organic compound as the final product, Here, the organic compound that is the final product contains two or more head groups.

[0025] The method for producing the organic compound in the examples of this application effectively links terminal groups and two or more head groups onto a carbon chain to form the organic compound of the examples of this application containing multiple head groups, giving the produced organic compound high bonding strength and a large bonding amount to the substrate surface, improving the integrity, stability and uniformity of the monolayer layer formed on the substrate surface by the terminal groups contained in the organic compound, and enabling polarity adjustment of the organic compound by adjusting the head groups, carbon chain and terminal groups, thereby allowing the organic compound to fully exert its function of forming a hole transport layer. Furthermore, the method for producing the organic compound in the examples of this application allows for easy control of reaction conditions, produces few by-products, and has a high yield of the final product.

[0026] In some embodiments, the reactant F a teeth, [ka] It contains at least one of the following compounds: Here, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R 10 , R 11 , R 12 , R 13 These are independently hydrogen, halogen, and -OR b -OH, -NHCOR c , -OCOR d -CH2COOH, -R e , phenyl group, halogen-substituted phenyl group, halogen-substituted R f , nitrogen-containing group, R substituted with nitrogen-containing group g , comprising any one of the phenyl groups substituted with a nitrogen-containing group, and the R b , Rc , R d , R e , R f , R g This is independently a fourth alkyl group.

[0027] In some embodiments, the reactant F b This comprises one of the following: a haloalkyl compound, a haloalkyl compound containing a heteroatom, or a haloalkyl acid halide compound.

[0028] In some embodiments, the reactant F c These include ester groups containing -SO3H, ester groups containing -PO(OH)2, ester groups containing -COOH, and -Si(OR a ) comprises a compound containing at least two of the ester groups containing 3, where R a This is the fifth alkyl group.

[0029] In some embodiments, the reactant F e These include ester groups containing -SO3H, ester groups containing -PO(OH)2, ester groups containing -COOH, and -Si(OR a )3 contains at least one of the above, and also contains one of the following: an alkyl chain, an alkyl chain containing a heteroatom, and a haloalkyl compound containing a heteroatom, where R a It is the sixth alkyl group.

[0030] In the exemplary example, the reactant F e teeth, [ka] It contains at least one of the following compounds: Here, R d1 , R d2 , R d3 , R d4 , R d5 , R d6 , R d7 , R d8 , Rd9 , R d10 , R d11 X1 is independently a C1-C5 alkyl chain, and X2 is independently a halogen atom.

[0031] By selecting each reactant, the number of head groups contained in the final product organic compound can be further adjusted. When this compound is used as a hole transport material, the force between the hole transport layer and the substrate can be further reinforced, improving the uniformity of the self-assembling molecules on the substrate. This stabilizes the film formed when the final product organic compound is used as a hole transport material, thereby improving the stability of the perovskite solar cell. Furthermore, by adjusting the properties of the final product organic compound, such as its polarity, the compatibility between the work function of the electrodes, especially conductive oxide electrodes, and the energy levels at the perovskite layer interface, as well as the open-circuit voltage of the perovskite cell, can be effectively improved, reducing energy loss and significantly increasing the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the perovskite solar cell.

[0032] In some examples, the solvents for the coupling reaction and the substitution reaction independently include at least one of N,N-dimethylformamide, toluene, water, 1,2-xylene, chlorobenzene, 1,2-dichlorobenzene, tetrahydrofuran, and ethanol.

[0033] In some embodiments, the solvent for the hydrolysis reaction independently comprises at least one of 1,4-dioxane, water, anhydrous ethanol, tetrahydrofuran, toluene, 1,2-xylene, chlorobenzene, and 1,2-dichlorobenzene.

[0034] In some examples, the solvent for the addition reaction includes at least one of tetrahydrofuran, anhydrous ethanol, toluene, 1,2-xylene, chlorobenzene, and 1,2-dichlorobenzene.

[0035] By selecting the appropriate solvent for coupling, substitution, addition, and hydrolysis reaction systems, the reaction efficiency of these reactions can be improved, thereby increasing the yield of the target product.

[0036] According to a third aspect, the embodiments of the present application provide a hole transport material. The hole transport material of the embodiments of the present application contains the organic compound of the embodiments of the present application or an organic compound produced by the manufacturing method described in the embodiments of the present application.

[0037] The hole transport material of the embodiment of this application has high bonding strength with the electrode, can form a monolayer on the electrode surface, and has a wide band gap, which can effectively improve the compatibility between the work function of the electrode, especially the conductive oxide electrode, and the energy levels at the perovskite layer interface, thereby improving carrier extraction, reducing energy loss, improving the open-circuit voltage of the perovskite cell, and significantly improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the perovskite solar cell.

[0038] According to a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a perovskite solar cell. The perovskite solar cell of the embodiment of the present application includes a hole transport layer, the hole transport layer includes the organic compound of the embodiment of the present application or an organic compound produced by the manufacturing method described in the embodiment of the present application or a hole transport material of the embodiment of the present application.

[0039] The material contained in the hole transport layer of the perovskite solar cell of the embodiment of this application has a wide band gap and can effectively improve the matching between the work function of the electrodes, particularly the conductive oxide electrodes, and the energy levels at the perovskite layer interface, thereby significantly improving carrier extraction, reducing energy loss, and increasing the open-circuit voltage of the perovskite cell, thereby significantly improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the perovskite solar cell.

[0040] In some examples, the thickness of the hole transport layer is 0.1 nm to 10 nm.

[0041] In some embodiments, the hole transport layer is laminated between the conductive oxide electrode and the perovskite layer in the perovskite solar cell.

[0042] In some embodiments, the perovskite contained in the perovskite layer of the perovskite solar cell comprises at least one of ABX3 and A2CDX6, where A, B, C, and D are independently and distinctly inorganic, organic, or mixed organic-inorganic cations, and X is an inorganic, organic, or mixed organic-inorganic anion.

[0043] In some embodiments, the material of the conductive oxide electrode included in the perovskite solar cell includes at least one of the following: a fluorine-doped tin oxide transparent material, an indium tin oxide transparent conductive material, a zinc oxide-doped aluminum transparent conductive material, a zinc oxide-doped boron transparent conductive material, and a zinc oxide-doped indium transparent conductive material.

[0044] By further selecting and controlling the thickness of the hole transport layer, the material of the perovskite layer and its stacking position in the perovskite solar cell, and the material of the conductive oxide electrode, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the perovskite solar cell can be significantly improved by further enhancing the compatibility between the work function of the electrode, especially the conductive oxide electrode, and the energy level at the perovskite layer interface, thereby improving carrier extraction and reducing energy loss.

[0045] According to the fifth aspect, the embodiments of this application provide a method for manufacturing a perovskite solar cell. The method for manufacturing a perovskite solar cell according to the embodiments of this application is The steps include providing a first electrode, The steps include: preparing a slurry containing an organic compound or a hole transport material, and forming a film on the surface of the first electrode with the slurry to form a hole transport layer; The steps include forming a perovskite layer on the surface of the hole transport layer that is separated from the first electrode, The steps include forming an electron transport layer on the surface of the perovskite layer that is separated from the hole transport layer, The process includes the step of forming a second electrode on the surface of the electron transport layer that is separated from the perovskite layer.

[0046] Here, the organic compound includes the organic compound of the embodiment of this application or an organic compound produced by the method for producing the organic compound of the embodiment of this application, and the hole transport material includes the hole transport material of the embodiment of this application.

[0047] The method for manufacturing a perovskite solar cell according to the embodiment of this application employs a slurry containing the organic compound according to the embodiment of this application to form a hole transport layer on the surface of the first electrode. In this way, the head groups of the organic compound contained in the hole transport layer can be effectively bonded to the surface of the first electrode, and the end groups contained in the organic compound self-assemble to form a monolayer, thereby fully exhibiting the effects of the organic compound according to the embodiment of this application and improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the perovskite solar cell according to the embodiment of this application. Furthermore, because the bonding force between the formed hole transport layer and the surface of the first electrode is strong, when a perovskite layer is formed on the surface of the hole transport layer, this hole transport layer effectively resists washing away of the perovskite precursor solution, ensuring the stability of the hole transport layer, that is, ensuring the integrity and stability of the monolayer formed on the surface of the first electrode.

[0048] In some embodiments, the first electrode is a conductive oxide electrode. By directly laminating and bonding the formed hole transport layer and the conductive oxide electrode in this way, the chemiadsorption between the organic compound of the embodiments of this application and the conductive oxide electrode layer in the slurry can be reinforced, thereby further improving the bonding strength between the hole transport layer and the conductive oxide electrode, and improving the compatibility between the work function of the conductive oxide electrode and the energy levels of the perovskite layer.

[0049] In some embodiments, the concentration of the organic compound or hole transport material in the slurry is 0.1 to 10 mg / mL. A slurry within this concentration range allows the head groups of the organic compound in the embodiments of this application to bond sufficiently to the first electrode, for example, the surface of a conductive oxide, and the end groups to self-assemble sufficiently to form a complete monolayer.

[0050] According to the sixth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a power consumption device. The embodiment of the present application provides a power consumption device comprising a perovskite solar cell of the present application or a perovskite solar cell manufactured by the method for manufacturing a perovskite solar cell of the present application, wherein the perovskite solar cell serves as the power source or energy storage unit of the power consumption device.

[0051] Because this power consumption device includes a perovskite solar cell according to the embodiment of this application, the electrical energy supplied from its power source becomes more stable, the operating time can be extended, or the energy storage efficiency can be increased.

[0052] The above description is merely an outline of the proposed technology of this application. To make the technical means of this application easier to understand, and to make the other objectives, features, and advantages of this application clearer and easier to understand, the following will describe specific embodiments of this application in particular.

[0053] Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those skilled in the art by reading the detailed description of the preferred embodiments below. The drawings are for illustrative purposes only and should not be considered as limitations to this application. In all drawings, the same reference numerals represent the same components. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0054] [Figure 1] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a conventional pin-type perovskite solar cell structure. [Figure 2]Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the energy levels of the perovskite (PVSK) layer and transparent conductive oxide electrode (TCO) in a conventional perovskite solar cell. Here, a) is a schematic diagram of the energy levels of the perovskite (PVSK) layer and transparent conductive oxide electrode (TCO) in a perovskite solar cell without a hole transport layer, and b) is a schematic diagram of the energy levels of PVSK and TCO after adding a self-assembled monolayer. [Figure 3] Figure 3 is a flowchart showing the method for producing the organic compound according to the embodiment of this application. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0055] The following describes in detail embodiments of the technical proposal of this application, accompanied by drawings. The following embodiments are provided solely to clarify the technical proposal of this application and are merely examples; they do not limit the scope of protection of this application.

[0056] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art relating to the present application. The terms used herein are solely for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit this application. The terms “including” and “having” and any variations thereof in the description of the specification, claims, and drawings of this application are intentionally intended to cover the non-exclusive “including.”

[0057] In the descriptions of the embodiments of this application, technical terms such as "first," "second," etc., are used solely to distinguish different subjects and should not be understood as indicating or suggesting relative importance, or the number, specific order, or hierarchical relationship of the technical features shown. In the descriptions of the embodiments of this application, unless otherwise clearly and specifically limited, the meaning of "multiple" is two or more.

[0058] The “Examples” as used herein mean that certain features, structures, or characteristics described in conjunction with the Examples may be included in at least one Example of this Application. The appearance of this phrase at each location in the Specification does not necessarily refer to the same Example, nor does it mean that each Example is mutually exclusive or alternative to the others. Those skilled in the art will understand, both explicitly and implicitly, that the Examples described herein can be combined with other Examples.

[0059] In the description of the embodiments of this application, the term "and / or" merely describes a relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships may exist. For example, A and / or B may represent three cases: A alone, a combination of A and B, or B alone. In this specification, the letter " / " generally indicates that the preceding and succeeding related objects are in an "or" relationship.

[0060] In the description of the embodiments of this application, the term "multiple" refers to two or more (including two), similarly, "multiple sets" refers to two or more sets (including two sets), and "multiple sheets" refers to two or more sheets (including two sheets).

[0061] In the description of the embodiments of this application, the orientations or positional relationships indicated by technical terms such as "center," "vertical direction," "horizontal direction," "length," "width," "thickness," "top," "bottom," "front," "back," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inside," "outside," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial direction," "radial direction," and "circumferential direction" are orientations or positional relationships shown based on the drawings and are merely for the purpose of describing and simplifying the embodiments of this application. They do not indicate or imply that the mentioned devices or elements have a specific orientation or must be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as limitations on the embodiments of this application.

[0062] In the description of the embodiments of this application, unless otherwise explicitly defined or limited, technical terms such as "attachment," "connection," "linking," and "fixing" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they may refer to fixed connections, removable connections, integral connections, mechanical connections, electrical connections, direct connections, indirect connections via an intermediate medium, internal communication between two elements, or interaction relationships between two elements. Those skilled in the art will be able to understand the specific meaning of these terms in the embodiments of this application depending on the specific circumstances.

[0063] Because perovskite materials have a much stronger light absorption capacity than crystalline silicon, energy conversion process losses are low, and high energy conversion can still be achieved indoors or under low light conditions. As a result, the conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells has grown rapidly over the past decade. In particular, pin-type perovskite cells have advantages such as a simple structure, low hysteresis effect, no doping required, and good long-term stability, giving them a significant competitive edge in future practical applications. Therefore, the applications of perovskite solar cells are gradually expanding, and some companies have already achieved mass production.

[0064] The structure of a perovskite solar cell generally includes a first electrode, a hole transport layer, a perovskite light absorption layer, an electron transport layer, and a second electrode, which are stacked in order. Specifically, it may be the structure shown in Figure 1. Here, the hole transport layer has a significant influence on the morphology of the perovskite active layer and the performance of the PIN-type cell.

[0065] Here, self-assembling molecules have low manufacturing costs, can be manufactured in solution, possess good stability and reproducibility as hole transport layer materials for pin-type perovskite solar cells, and can improve the compatibility between the work function of the cathode and the energy levels of the perovskite layer, thus having high commercial potential in the field of perovskite solar cells. Furthermore, self-assembling molecules can form regular single-molecule self-assembly films on the substrate surface, with the same molecular orientation and the same dipole vector direction, generating a weak electric field that affects the energy level structure of the upper and lower interfaces. Therefore, the dipole of the self-assembling molecule can control the surface work function of electrodes, such as conductive metal oxide electrodes, and is key to influencing the magnitude of energy loss in perovskite solar cells. As shown in Figure 2, Figure 2a shows the energy level structure without the perovskite (PVSK) and transparent conductive oxide electrode (TCO) of the hole transport layer, and the open-circuit voltage (V OC ) is the difference between the work function of TCO and the perovskite quasi-Fermi level, and Figure 2b shows that after adding a self-assembled monolayer, the work function of TCO shifts downward, bringing it closer to the quasi-Fermi level of PVSK, thereby increasing the V of the device. OC It improved.

[0066] Here, this self-assembling molecule is an organic compound containing a head group, a terminal group, and a carbon chain connecting the head group and the terminal group. Currently, there are reports of self-assembling molecules, and some even contain a head group with a hydrophilic end. However, according to the inventor's research, conventionally disclosed self-assembling molecules do not have a strong bonding force to the surface of electrodes, such as conductive oxide electrodes, and are easily affected by subsequent processes, for example, they are easily washed away by perovskite precursor solutions, resulting in a low content of self-assembling molecules on the electrode surface and making it difficult to form a complete monolayer. In other words, the monolayer formed on the electrode surface is incomplete, forming a monolayer in the form of discontinuous or island-like structures. Furthermore, the bonding force between the formed incomplete monolayer and the electrode is not strong, making detachment more likely. This can lead to direct contact between the perovskite layer and the electrode, making it difficult for the hole transport layer to perform its function. As a result, charge extraction in the perovskite cell is suppressed, the open-circuit voltage of the perovskite solar cell does not increase significantly, energy loss is relatively large, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency is greatly reduced.

[0067] To overcome the problem of weak bonding between conventional self-assembling molecules and electrodes, such as conductive oxide electrodes, the inventors have discovered through research that by designing the head groups of the self-assembling molecules, for example by increasing the number of head groups or further designing the types of head groups, the strength of the bonding between the hydrophilicity of the self-assembling molecules and the electrode surface can be effectively reinforced, thereby improving the bonding stability and content of the self-assembling molecules on the electrode surface, improving the integrity of the monolayer formed on the electrode surface, and improving the stability of the monolayer. This allows the self-assembling molecules to fully exert their function of forming a hole transport layer, which can, for example, adjust the compatibility between the work function of the electrode and the energy levels of the perovskite layer, thereby reinforcing the open-circuit voltage of the perovskite solar cell.

[0068] Furthermore, according to the inventors' research, by adding head groups to reinforce the binding force between the self-assembling molecule and the electrode, and by adjusting the design of the head groups, end groups, and carbon chain types of the self-assembling molecule, it is possible to further control the polarity of the self-assembling molecule, improve the compatibility between the work function of the electrode and the energy levels of the perovskite layer, further reinforce the open-circuit voltage, and reduce voltage loss, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the perovskite battery.

[0069] Based on the inventor's research, the following plan is proposed.

[0070] organic compound According to a first aspect, the embodiments of this application provide an organic compound. The organic compound of the embodiments of this application comprises a head group, a terminal group, and a carbon chain, the carbon chain linking the head group and the terminal group. Here, the head group comprises two or more.

[0071] The organic compounds of the examples in this application contain a head group, a terminal group, and a carbon chain that connects the head group and the terminal group; therefore, the organic compounds of the examples in this application belong to the category of organic self-assembling molecules. The linking of the head group and the linking of the terminal group by the carbon chain are both achieved by chemical bonds.

[0072] Since the head groups contained in the organic compound of the embodiment of the present application include two or more, these two or more head groups impart good hydrophilicity to the organic compound of the embodiment of the present application. This relatively large number of head groups can increase the amount that can form a chemical bond with the surface of the substrate, especially a conductive oxide substrate, and reinforce the chemisorption between the organic compound and the substrate, thereby reinforcing the bonding strength with the surface of the substrate, such as a conductive substrate, effectively increasing the bonding amount on the surface of the substrate, improving the uniformity of the distribution on the substrate, and effectively improving the integrity of the monolayer film layer formed by the organic compound of the embodiment of the present application on the surface of the substrate. At the same time, it reinforces the bonding strength between the film-forming layer of the organic compound and the substrate, improves the stability of the monolayer film layer, improves the uniformity of the monolayer film layer, and also plays a role in adjusting the polarity of the organic compound together with the end group and the carbon chain, so that the organic compound of the embodiment of the present application can fully exert its function of forming a hole transport layer. For example, it effectively reinforces the matching between the work function of the electrode, especially the conductive oxide electrode, and the energy level of the perovskite layer, and reinforces the optoelectronic properties such as the open-circuit voltage and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the perovskite solar cell.

[0073] In the embodiment, the above-mentioned head groups contained in two or more organic compounds of the embodiment of the present application are the same or different and contain at least two of -SO3H, -PO(OH)2, -COOH, -Si(OR a )3 or at least two salts of -SO3H, -PO(OH)2, -COOH, where R a is a first alkyl group. Here, R a is an alkyl group, and is defined as the first alkyl group here.

[0074] By selecting these specific head groups, having good hydrophilicity, and controlling two or more of them in the organic compounds of the examples of the present application, the contact with the surface of the substrate can be further strengthened, and chemical bonds can be formed. Specifically, when the head group contains -SO3H, this -SO3H can form a -S-O-M chemical bond with the substrate. When the head group contains -PO(OH)2, this -PO(OH)2 can form a -P-O-M chemical bond with the substrate. When the head group contains -COOH, this -COOH can form a -C-O-M chemical bond with the substrate. When the head group contains -Si(OR a )3, this -Si(OR a )3 can form a -Si-O-M chemical bond with the substrate, where M includes a metal element and O is an oxygen element. Therefore, two or more of these types of head groups can effectively strengthen the bonding strength with the surface of the substrate, such as a conductive substrate, that is, by effectively strengthening the bonding amount, bonding stability, and distribution stability on the surface of the substrate of this organic compound, the integrity, stability, and uniformity of the monomolecular film layer formed by the end groups contained in the organic compounds of the examples of the present application on the surface of the substrate can be further improved. And these head groups can also further exert the function of the organic compounds of the examples of the present application to form a hole transport layer by adjusting the polarity of the organic compounds of the examples of the present application, for example, further strengthening the photovoltaic performance such as the open-circuit voltage and photoelectric conversion of perovskite solar cells. Here, the polarity of the organic compound refers to the magnitude of the dipole moment of the organic compounds of the examples of the present application.

[0075] In the example, when the head group contains -Si(OR a )3, the R a in this -Si(OR a ), that is, the above-mentioned first alkyl group, may be a C1-C5 alkyl group. In an exemplary example, it may be a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a butyl group, a pentyl group, etc. Therefore, in the example, when the head group contains -Si(OR a )3, this -Si(OR a)3 is -Si(OCH3)3, -Si(OC2H5)3, -Si(OC3H7)3, -Si(OC4H9)3, -Si(OC5H 11 )3 is also acceptable.

[0076] In the examples, if the head group contains a salt of any one of -SO3H, -PO(OH)2, or -COOH, in the exemplary examples, the salt of -SO3H may be at least one of an alkali metal salt, ammonium salt, pyridinium salt, or piperazine salt containing -SO3H. Here, the ammonium salt of -SO3H is -SO3 - NR4 + It may include, but is not limited to, hydrogen or a C1-C5 carbon chain, and the alkali metal salt of -SO3H is -SO3 - Li + , -SO3 - Na + , -SO3 - K + It may be at least one of the following:

[0077] In the example, the salt of -PO(OH)2 may be at least one of an alkali metal salt, ammonium salt, pyridinium salt, or piperazine salt containing -PO(OH)2. Here, the ammonium salt of -PO(OH)2 is -PO3 2- (NR4 + )2, -PO2(OH) - (NR4) + It may include at least one of the following, but is not limited to them; R is hydrogen or a C1-C5 carbon chain, and the alkali metal salt of -PO(OH)2 is PO3 2- (Li + )2, -PO2(OH) - Li + , -PO3 2- (Na + )2, -PO2(OH) - Na + , -PO3 2- (K + )2, -PO2(OH) - K + It may include at least one of the following:

[0078] In the exemplary example, the salt of -COOH may be at least one of alkali metal salts, ammonium salts, pyridinium salts, or piperazine salts containing -COOH. Here, the ammonium salt of -COOH is -COO - NR4 + It may include, but is not limited to, hydrogen or a C1-C5 carbon chain, and the alkali metal salt of -COOH is -COO - Li + , -COO - Na + , -COO - K + It may include at least one of the following:

[0079] These head groups all possess good hydrophilicity, further reinforcing the uniformity of the amount, strength, and distribution of bonding between the organic compound and the substrate, such as the surface of a conductive substrate, in the embodiments of this application, and further improving the integrity and stability of the monolayer layer formed by the end groups of the organic compound in the embodiments of this application. At the same time, these head groups can combine with end groups and groups such as carbon chains, further adjusting the polarity of the organic compound in the embodiments of this application, further improving the compatibility between the work function of the electrode, particularly the conductive oxide electrode, and the energy levels at the perovskite layer interface, thereby reducing energy loss, improving the open-circuit voltage of the perovskite cell, and significantly improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the perovskite solar cell.

[0080] In the examples, the terminal groups contained in the organic compounds in each of the above examples may include at least one of the following groups: substituted or unsubstituted carbazole, substituted or unsubstituted cyclopentadithiophene, substituted or unsubstituted benzodithiophene, substituted or unsubstituted pyrrolodithiophene, substituted or unsubstituted diphenylamine, or substituted or unsubstituted triphenylamine.

[0081] These end groups are aromatic or aromatic heterocyclic groups, possess relatively high hydrophobicity, constitute hydrophobic ends, and have π-π interactions, thereby improving the self-assembly of the organic compounds of the embodiments of this application to form a monolayer via these end groups. Furthermore, these groups and each of the head groups further contain carbon chains, which can adjust the polarity of the organic compounds of the embodiments of this application, further adjust the band gap of the organic compounds of the embodiments of this application, and improve carrier extraction, thereby reinforcing the compatibility between the work function of electrodes, particularly conductive oxide electrodes, and the energy levels at the perovskite layer interface, reducing energy loss, improving the open-circuit voltage of the perovskite cell, and significantly improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the perovskite solar cell.

[0082] If the terminal group in the organic compound of the examples of this application includes a carbazole group, this carbazole group may be represented as group A below. [ka]

[0083] In the examples, if the terminal group contained in the organic compound of the examples of this application includes a cyclopentadichithiophene group, this cyclopentadichithiophene group may be represented as group B below. [ka]

[0084] In the examples, if the terminal group contained in the organic compound of the examples of this application includes a benzodithiophene group, this benzodithiophene group may be represented as group C below. [ka]

[0085] In the examples, if the terminal group contained in the organic compound of the examples of this application includes pyrrologithiophene, this pyrrologithiophene may be represented as group D below. [ka]

[0086] In the examples, if the terminal group contained in the organic compound of the examples of this application contains diphenylamine, this diphenylamine may be represented as group E below. [ka]

[0087] In the examples, if the terminal group contained in the organic compound of the examples of this application contains triphenylamine, this triphenylamine may be represented as group F below. [ka]

[0088] R1, R2, R in the above bases A, E and F 10 , R 11 , R 12 , R 13 Groups such as R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R8, R9 in groups B to D may be located on the substituted positions of thiophene. 10 , R 11 , R 12 , R 13 The base is independently hydrogen, halogen, -OR b , nitrogen-containing group, -OH, -NHCOR c , -OCOR d , -CH2COOH, R e R substituted with phenyl group, halogen f , halogen-substituted phenyl groups, nitrogen-containing groups R g It may contain any one of the phenyl groups substituted with a nitrogen-containing group. Here, this R b , R c , R d , R e , R f , Rg This group may independently be an alkyl group, which here is referred to as the second alkyl group. In the examples, this second alkyl group may be a C1-C5 alkyl group, and in exemplary examples, it may be a methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group, butyl group, pentyl group, etc. The halogen may be F, Cl, Br, I, etc.

[0089] In the embodiment, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R 10 , R 11 , R 12 , R 13 If at least one of the groups is a nitrogen-containing group, then this nitrogen-containing group is -N(R h )2, -NHR i , -NH2, may contain any one of the following: trimethylamine group, triethylamine group, or tripropylamine group, where R h , R i This group may independently be an alkyl group, which here is referred to as the third alkyl group. In the examples, this third alkyl group may be a C1-C5 alkyl group, and in exemplary examples, it may be a methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group, butyl group, pentyl group, etc.

[0090] The substituted or unsubstituted terminal groups in each of the above embodiments all possess relatively high hydrophobicity and π-π interaction properties, further improving the self-assembly of the organic compounds in each of the above embodiments to form a monolayer via these terminal groups, further widening the band gap of the organic compounds in each of the above embodiments, and further improving carrier extraction. Furthermore, these substituted or unsubstituted terminal groups and the head groups can further adjust the polarity of the organic compounds in the embodiments of this application. When the organic compounds in the embodiments of this application are used as hole transport materials, the compatibility between the work function of the electrode, particularly the conductive oxide electrode, and the energy levels at the perovskite layer interface can be further improved, reducing energy loss, increasing the open-circuit voltage of the perovskite cell, and significantly improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the perovskite solar cell. Each of the above terminal groups is R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R 10, R 11 , R 12 , R 13 Includes substituents shown by (i.e., R1~R 13 If (i) is a non-hydrogen atom, these substituents can further adjust the polarity of the organic compounds of the embodiments of this application, thereby further improving the compatibility between the work function of the electrodes, particularly conductive oxide electrodes, and the energy levels at the perovskite layer interface, reducing energy loss, improving the open-circuit voltage of the perovskite cell, and significantly improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the perovskite solar cell.

[0091] The carbon chains contained in the organic compounds of each of the above embodiments should be understood as not being linked to the same atom on the carbon chain, since they link the head groups and end groups. Since the number of head groups in the organic compounds of the embodiments of this application is two or more, the carbon chain may be one or two or more in the embodiments. If there is one carbon chain, the two or more head groups are all linked to this one carbon chain, and even if there are two or more carbon chains, one head group may be linked to one carbon chain and the other head groups may be linked to other carbon chains. In other embodiments, the head group is one end that links the carbon chain, and the end group is the other end that links the carbon chain. By linking the head group and end group to both ends of the same carbon chain or different carbon chains in this way, the steric hindrance of the organic compounds of the embodiments of this application can be effectively reduced, and the performance of the end groups to self-assemble and form a monolayer can be improved. Furthermore, this carbon chain has good flexibility, and the stacking orientation of the terminal and head groups can be adjusted and improved, and the stability of the organic compound molecule in the examples of this application can be improved.

[0092] In the examples, the carbon chain comprises at least one of an alkyl chain and an alkyl chain containing a heteroatom. These alkyl chains, heteroatom-containing alkyl chains, and other carbon chains, particularly heteroatom-containing alkyl chains, together with the head group and the end group, can adjust the polarity of the organic compound of the examples of this application, further improving the compatibility between the work function of the electrode, particularly the conductive oxide electrode, and the energy level at the perovskite layer interface, thereby reducing energy loss, improving the open-circuit voltage of the perovskite cell, and significantly improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the perovskite solar cell.

[0093] In the examples, when the carbon chain includes an alkyl chain or an alkyl chain containing a heteroatom, the number of carbon atoms in this alkyl chain is 1 to 10. Here, this alkyl chain may be a linear alkyl group, and when the number of carbon atoms is 3 or more, this alkyl chain may be a branched alkyl group. In exemplary examples, the group may be a propyl group, butyl group, pentyl group, hexyl group, heptyl group, octyl group, nonyl group, decyl group, etc. Here, the group may be a linear alkyl group or a branched alkyl group. Here, for example, when the carbon chain is a hexyl group, this hexyl group may be -CH2CH(CH2CH2)2-, but is not limited to that. If the carbon chain consists of heptyl groups, these heptyl groups are [ka] It may be, but it is not limited to that. If the carbon chain is a nonyl group, this nonyl group is [ka] These are also acceptable, but are not limited to them.

[0094] In the examples, if the alkyl chain included in the carbon chain contains a heteroatom, this heteroatom may contain at least one of O, S, N, B, and Si.

[0095] The alkyl chains containing these heteroatoms can play a role in adjusting the polarity of the organic compounds in the embodiments of this application, further improving the compatibility between the work function of the electrodes, particularly the conductive oxide electrodes, and the energy levels at the perovskite layer interface, as well as the open-circuit voltage of the perovskite cell, thereby reducing energy loss and significantly improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the perovskite solar cell.

[0096] Based on the organic compounds in each of the above examples, specifically the types of head groups, carbon chains, and terminal groups in each of the above examples, the organic compounds of the examples of this application are: [ka] It may contain at least one of the compounds and / or a salt of the compounds. Here, R contained in the organic compound shown by the specific chemical formula above 11a , R 12a , R 13a , R 14a , R 15a , R 16a R1 is independently of R1, and R 21a , R 22a , R 23a , R 24a , R 25a , R 26a R is independently R2, and R 121 , R 122 R 12 And R 131 , R 132 R 13 That is the case.

[0097] Based on the fact that the organic compounds represented by the specific chemical formulas above contain multiple head groups, which can reinforce the bond strength and amount between the organic compound and the substrate, and improve the integrity of the resulting monolayer, the selection and assembly design of head groups, carbon chains, and terminal groups can give the organic compounds represented by the specific chemical formulas appropriate polarity, further improving the compatibility between the work function of electrodes, especially conductive oxide electrodes, and the energy levels at the perovskite layer interface, further reducing energy loss, improving the open-circuit voltage of the perovskite cell, and significantly improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the perovskite solar cell.

[0098] Method for producing organic compounds According to a second aspect, embodiments of the present application provide a method for producing the organic compound of the embodiment of the present application. In some embodiments of the present application, the process flow of the method for producing the organic compound of the embodiment of the present application may include the following steps, as shown in Figure 3: S10: Reactant F containing terminal groups a Reactant F containing the first carbon chain b The two are coupled together, and the terminal group is linked to the first carbon chain to form the intermediate product C a Generate, S20: Intermediate C a Reactant F contains a first ester group, which is an ester group containing a first head group. c The two are substituted, and the first head group is linked to the first carbon chain to form the intermediate product C b Generate, S30: Intermediate C b The ester groups contained in the compound undergo a first hydrolysis reaction to produce the final product, an organic compound.

[0099] The method for producing the organic compound in the examples of this application allows for the linking of terminal groups and first head groups to the first carbon chain by sequentially performing a two-step reaction consisting of a coupling reaction and a substitution reaction. Furthermore, the first hydrolysis reaction in step S30 causes a first hydrolysis reaction to occur on the ester group, thereby forming a hydrophilic end of the organic compound on the first head group. Since the method for producing the organic compound in the examples of this application is for producing the organic compound in the examples of this application, the reactant F c The first head group contained in may be at least one or more, and the final product, an organic compound, may contain two or more first head groups. Here, two or more in the full specification of the examples of this application includes two or three or more.

[0100] Therefore, the method for producing the organic compound of the embodiment of this application can effectively link terminal groups and two or more first head groups onto the first carbon chain to form the organic compound of the embodiment of this application. Then, reactant F c By controlling the number of first head groups linked to the first carbon chain, the number of first head groups in the final product, the organic compound, can be adjusted to two or more. This imparts to the manufactured organic compound the performance characteristics of the organic compound in the examples of this application, such as high bonding strength and large bonding amount with the surface of a substrate, such as a conductive substrate, and uniform distribution. This improves the integrity and stability of the monolayer layer formed on the substrate surface by the end groups in the organic compound in the examples of this application, as well as improving the uniformity of the monolayer layer. Furthermore, by performing a polarity-modulating effect on the organic compound together with the end groups and the first carbon chain, the organic compound can fully exert its function of forming a hole transport layer. This effectively reinforces the compatibility between the work function of electrodes, particularly conductive oxide electrodes, and the energy levels of the perovskite layer, as well as the open-circuit voltage of the perovskite cell, thereby reducing energy loss and significantly improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the perovskite solar cell. Moreover, the method for producing the organic compound in the examples of this application allows for easy control of reaction conditions, produces few by-products, and yields a high final product.

[0101] Step S10: Reactant F in step S10 a and reactant F b The coupling reaction with reactant F a The goal is to link the terminal groups contained within to the first carbon chain. Therefore, this reactant F a It contains terminal groups, and reactant F b In addition to containing the first carbon chain, reactant F a and reactant F b Each further contains a group capable of generating a coupling reaction, enabling the coupling reaction between the two reactants to link the terminal group to the first carbon chain.

[0102] Based on the reactants and reaction type of step S10, in this embodiment, reactant F a teeth, [ka] It may contain at least one of the compounds listed above.

[0103] Here, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R 10 , R 11 , R 12 , R 13 These are R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R, which are included in the organic compounds of the examples of this application, respectively. 10 , R 11 , R 12 , R 13 For example, in the embodiment, hydrogen, halogen, and -OR are used independently. b , nitrogen-containing group, -OH, -NHCOR c , -OCOR d , -CH2COOH, R e R substituted with phenyl group, halogen f , halogen-substituted phenyl groups, nitrogen-containing groups R g , which may include any one of the phenyl groups substituted with a nitrogen-containing group, where R b , R c , R d , Re , R f , R g This is an alkyl group, which is referred to as the fourth alkyl group. Therefore, this fourth alkyl group may be the same as the second alkyl group described above. In the examples, this fourth alkyl group may be a C1-C5 alkyl group, and in exemplary examples, it may be a methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group, butyl group, pentyl group, etc.

[0104] In the example, this reactant F b This may be a compound containing either an alkyl chain or an alkyl chain containing a heteroatom, i.e., a first carbon chain, as included in the organic compounds of the examples of this application described above. For example, reactant F b This may include one of the following: a haloalkyl compound of either an alkyl chain or an alkyl chain containing a heteroatom, a haloalkyl compound containing a heteroatom, or a haloalkyl acid halide compound. Here, the halogen element may be F, Cl, Br, I, etc., and this heteroatom may include at least one of O, S, N, B, and Si.

[0105] In the examples, the environment for the coupling reaction in step S10 may be an alkaline environment, for example, containing a basic compound. The amount of this basic compound added should ensure that the coupling reaction proceeds normally, and may be added according to the general usual amount of basic compounds in coupling reactions. This basic compound may be an inorganic base or an organic base. In the examples, the inorganic base may include at least one of alkali metal carbonates, hydroxides, etc. The carbonate may include, but is not limited to, potassium carbonate or sodium carbonate. The hydroxide may include, but is not limited to, sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide. The organic base may include at least one of triethylamine, pyridine, imidazole, alkali metal methoxide, alkali metal ethoxide, alkali metal n-butoxide, alkali metal tert-butoxide, or hydride. Alkali metal methoxides, alkali metal ethoxides, alkali metal n-butoxides, and alkali metal tert-butoxides include, but are not limited to, sodium methoxide, sodium ethoxide, sodium n-butoxide, sodium tert-butoxide, and potassium tert-butoxide. Hydrides may include, but are not limited to, sodium hydride.

[0106] The solvent in this coupling reaction system may contain at least one of the following: N,N-dimethylformamide, toluene, water, 1,2-xylene, chlorobenzene, 1,2-dichlorobenzene, tetrahydrofuran, and ethanol.

[0107] By controlling the conditions of the coupling reaction system, the efficiency of the coupling reaction can be improved, and the intermediate product C can be produced. a This can improve the yield of reactant F. a and reactant F b These can be mixed according to the molar ratio of the chemical reaction equations of the coupling reaction performed by the two. Of course, one of the reactants, for example reactant F, can also be mixed. a or reactant F bIt is also possible to create an appropriate excess of one reactant to allow the other reactant to react completely.

[0108] Step S20: Reactant F in step S20 c and intermediate product C a The substitution reaction with reactant F c This involves linking the ester group of the first head group contained in the first carbon chain, specifically linking the first head group to the first carbon chain. Therefore, this reactant F c In addition to containing the ester group of the first head group, i.e., the first ester group, reactant F c and intermediate product C a Each further contains a group capable of undergoing a substitution reaction, and a substitution reaction can be generated between the two reactants to link the first head group to the first carbon chain. Since this is for producing the organic compounds of the embodiments of this application, the atom linking the first head group to the first carbon chain and the atom linking the terminal group to the first carbon chain may be the same or different.

[0109] Based on the reactants and reaction type of step S20, in this embodiment, reactant F c These include ester groups containing -SO3H, ester groups containing -PO(OH)2, ester groups containing -COOH, and -Si(OR a )3 may contain a compound containing at least one of the above. The number of ester groups may be one or more. Here, R a This is an alkyl group, and here it is referred to as the fifth alkyl group. Therefore, this fifth alkyl group may be the same as the first alkyl group described above. In the examples, this fifth alkyl group may be a C1-C5 alkyl group, and in exemplary examples it may be a methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group, butyl group, pentyl group, etc.

[0110] In the examples, the substitution reaction in step S20 may be carried out in the presence of a base compound. In the examples, this base compound may be at least one of NaH, alkali metal hydroxides, methoxides, ethoxides, n-butoxides, and tert-butoxides. In the presence of NaH, reactant F c The methylene group contained in, for example, the methylene group of diethyl malonate, readily forms a carbanion, resulting in the intermediate product C. a The substitution reaction is carried out, and the intermediate product C b Generates.

[0111] The solvent in this substitution reaction system is a polar solvent, and in exemplary examples, this polar solvent may include at least one of N,N-dimethylformamide, tetrahydrofuran, dimethyl sulfoxide, anhydrous ethanol, anhydrous ethyl ether, toluene, and the like.

[0112] By controlling the conditions of the substitution reaction system, the efficiency of the substitution reaction can be improved, and the intermediate product C can be produced. b This can improve the yield of reactant F. c and intermediate product C a These can be mixed according to the molar ratio of the chemical equations of the substitution reactions performed by both. Of course, one of the reactants, for example reactant F, can also be mixed. c or intermediate product C a It is also possible to create an appropriate excess of one reactant to allow the other reactant to react completely.

[0113] Step S30: The first hydrolysis reaction in step S30 produces intermediate product C. b The purpose is to hydrolyze the ester group contained in the material to generate a first head group, that is, to ensure that the final product, an organic compound, contains at least two hydrophilic first head groups.

[0114] Based on the type and purpose of the first hydrolysis reaction in step S30, in this example, this first hydrolysis reaction is carried out by first hydrolyzing in an alkali-containing solution, followed by treatment in an acidic environment to produce intermediate product C bThe ester group contained in may be hydrolyzed to produce the first head group. The base in this alkaline solution may be a base capable of hydrolyzing the ester group, such as an alkali metal hydroxide, for example, sodium hydroxide, but is not limited to that. The acid in the acidic environment may be an inorganic acid, for example, a hydrochloric acid solution, but is not limited to that. In other embodiments, this first hydrolysis reaction may contain a hydrolysis catalyst to improve the efficiency of the first hydrolysis reaction. For example, in an exemplary example, this hydrolysis catalyst may contain at least one of trimethylbromosilane, trimethylchlorosilane, and trimethyliodosilane. The amount of this hydrolysis catalyst added may be appropriately in excess to ensure that at least the first hydrolysis reaction proceeds.

[0115] The solvent for this first hydrolysis reaction may be at least one of 1,4-dioxane, water, anhydrous ethanol, toluene, 1,2-xylene, chlorobenzene, 1,2-dichlorobenzene, or tetrahydrofuran, but is not limited to these.

[0116] By controlling and optimizing the conditions of the first hydrolysis reaction system, the efficiency of the first hydrolysis reaction can be improved, and the yield of the final product can be increased.

[0117] As some other embodiments of this application, the organic compounds of the embodiments of this application may be produced according to a production method comprising the following steps: S40: Reactant F containing terminal groups a Reaction product F containing a second carbon chain and a second ester group e The two are added together, and the terminal group is linked to the second carbon chain to form the intermediate product C c This generates the following, where the second ester group is an ester group containing a second head group, and the second head group is linked to the second carbon chain. S50: Intermediate C c The second ester group contained in the compound undergoes a second hydrolysis reaction to produce the final product, an organic compound.

[0118] The method for producing the organic compound in the examples of this application allows for the linking of the terminal group and the second head group to the second carbon chain by directly carrying out a one-step addition reaction. To produce the organic compound in the examples of this application, reactant F e The second ester group contained is an ester group containing a second head group, and the second head group is linked to this second carbon chain. After the second hydrolysis reaction in step S50, a second hydrolysis reaction occurs in the second ester group, causing the second head group to form a hydrophilic end of the organic compound. Since the method for producing the organic compound of the example of this application is for producing the organic compound of the example of this application, the second head group may be the first head group, for example, -SO3H, -PO(OH)2, -COOH, -Si(OR a ) It may include any one of the three. a This is an alkyl group, and here we refer to it as the sixth alkyl group. Therefore, this sixth alkyl group may be the same as the first alkyl group described above. In the examples, this sixth alkyl group may be a C1-C5 alkyl group, and in exemplary examples, it may be a methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group, butyl group, pentyl group, etc. Also, this second head group is this reactant F e It should be linked to the second carbon chain. Then, the second ester group may be the same as the first ester group.

[0119] The second carbon chain may be the same as the first carbon chain described above, or it may include, for example, either an alkyl chain or an alkyl chain containing a heteroatom.

[0120] Therefore, the method for producing the organic compound in the examples of this application can effectively link the terminal group and the second head group onto the second carbon chain in one step, thereby forming the organic compound in the examples of this application. The type of terminal group and reactant F eBy selecting the type of second head group and second carbon chain contained in the compound, the properties of the final product, such as polarity, can be adjusted, and the final product can be given the ability to function as a hole transport material. This effectively improves the compatibility between the work function of electrodes, especially conductive oxide electrodes, and the energy levels at the perovskite layer interface, as well as the open-circuit voltage of the perovskite cell, reducing energy loss and significantly improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the perovskite solar cell. Furthermore, the method for producing the organic compound in the examples of this application allows for easy control of reaction conditions, produces few by-products, and yields a high final product.

[0121] Step S40: Reactant F in step S40 a and reactant F e The addition reaction with reactant F d The process involves linking the terminal groups contained in to the second carbon chain. Therefore, this reactant F a It contains terminal groups, and reactant F e In addition to containing a second head group and a second carbon chain, reactant F a and reactant F e The compound further contains a group capable of generating an addition reaction, which enables the generation of an addition reaction between the two reactants to link the terminal group to the second carbon chain. Since this is for producing the organic compounds of the embodiments of this application, the atom linking the second head group to the second carbon chain and the atom linking the terminal group to the second carbon chain may be the same or different.

[0122] Based on the reactants and reaction type of step S40, in this embodiment, reactant F e This refers to ester groups containing a second head group, i.e., ester groups containing a second ester group (-SO3H, -PO(OH)2, -COOH, -Si(OR aIt may contain any one of the following: a halogenated compound containing at least one of 3) and a second carbon chain (for example, one of an alkyl chain and one of an alkyl chain containing a heteroatom), a haloalkyl compound containing a heteroatom, a haloalkyl acid halide compound, etc. Here, R a This is an alkyl group, and here it is referred to as the sixth alkyl group. Therefore, this sixth alkyl group may be the same as the first alkyl group described above. In the examples, this sixth alkyl group may be a C1-C5 alkyl group, and in exemplary examples it may be a methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group, butyl group, pentyl group, etc.

[0123] In this example, reactant F e teeth, [ka] It contains at least one of the following compounds: Here, R d1 , R d2 , R d3 , R d4 , R d5 , R d6 , R d7 , R d8 , R d9 , R d10 , R d11 X1 is independently a C1-C5 alkyl chain, and X2 is independently a halogen atom.

[0124] In the examples, the environment for the addition reaction in step S40 may be an environment that can guarantee that the addition reaction can take place. For example, a basic compound is added to this addition reaction, and the basic compound in the examples may be an inorganic basic compound and an organic basic compound. In the exemplary example, the inorganic basic compound may include hydroxides, but is not limited to them. The organic base may be butyllithium, but is not limited to it; specifically, it may be n-butyllithium.

[0125] The solvent in this addition reaction system may contain at least one of tetrahydrofuran, anhydrous ethanol, toluene, 1,2-xylene, chlorobenzene, and 1,2-dichlorobenzene.

[0126] By controlling the conditions of the addition reaction system, the efficiency of the addition reaction can be improved, and the intermediate product C can be produced. c This can improve the yield of reactant F. d and reactant F e These can be mixed according to the molar ratio of the chemical reaction equations of the addition reaction they performed. Of course, one of the reactants, for example reactant F, can also be mixed. d or reactant F e It is also possible to create an appropriate excess of one reactant to allow the other reactant to react completely.

[0127] Step S50: The second hydrolysis reaction in step S50 produces intermediate product C. c The purpose is to hydrolyze the second ester group contained in the compound to generate a second head group, that is, to make the final product, an organic compound, contain a hydrophilic second head group.

[0128] Based on the type and purpose of the second hydrolysis reaction in step S50, in the examples, this second hydrolysis reaction may be carried out under the same conditions as the first hydrolysis reaction system described above. For example, to improve the efficiency of the second hydrolysis reaction, a hydrolysis catalyst may be included. In the examples, this hydrolysis catalyst may include at least one of bromotrimethylbromosilane, trimethylchlorosilane, and trimethyliodosilane. The amount of this hydrolysis catalyst added may be appropriately in excess to ensure that at least the second hydrolysis reaction proceeds.

[0129] The solvent in this second hydrolysis reaction system is an aprotic solvent, and in the examples, this aprotic solvent may include, but is not limited to, at least one of 1,4-dioxane, toluene, 1,2-xylene, chlorobenzene, 1,2-dichlorobenzene, and tetrahydrofuran.

[0130] By controlling and optimizing, such as controlling the types of hydrolysis catalysts and solvents, the efficiency of the second hydrolysis reaction can be improved, and the yield of the final product can be increased.

[0131] In a further embodiment, after the above step S30 and / or step S50, the following steps are further included.

[0132] React the organic compound, which is the final product produced in step S30, or the organic compound, which is the final product produced in step S50, with a soluble salt solution to produce an organic compound salt, which is the corresponding final product.

[0133] Here, this soluble salt may be in excess with respect to the organic compound, which is the final product, in order to ensure that all the organic compounds, which are the final products, produce the corresponding salts. Also, this soluble salt solution may be an alkali metal salt solution, an ammonium salt solution, or the like.

[0134] Hole transport material According to a third aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a hole transport material. The hole transport material of the embodiment of the present application contains the organic compound of the above embodiment of the present application.

[0135] Thus, the hole transport material of the embodiment of the present application has a high bonding strength with the electrode, can form a monolayer on the surface of the electrode, has a wide bandgap, can effectively improve the matching between the work function of the electrode, particularly a conductive oxide electrode, and the energy level at the perovskite layer interface, improve carrier extraction, reduce energy loss, improve the open-circuit voltage of the perovskite battery, and significantly improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the perovskite solar cell.

[0136] In the embodiments, the hole transporting material of the embodiments of the present application may contain only the organic compound of the embodiments of the present application. In the application process, the organic compound of the embodiments of the present application may be used alone to form a film to form a hole transporting layer. A passivation layer may be formed on the surface of the metal oxide hole transporting layer to passivate the defects on the surface of the metal oxide hole transporting layer, and together with the metal oxide hole transporting layer, the hole transporting performance may be improved.

[0137] Of course, in some embodiments, the hole transporting material of the embodiments of the present application may contain other components, such as other materials having hole transporting ability or auxiliary components that can cooperate with the organic compound of the embodiments of the present application to exert its function. When the hole transporting material of the embodiments of the present application contains other components, the other components and the organic compound of the embodiments of the present application can be mixed in a certain ratio, specifically with the principle of mixing to improve the exertion of the above-mentioned function by the organic compound of the embodiments of the present application.

[0138] Perovskite solar cell According to a fourth aspect, the embodiments of the present application provide a perovskite solar cell. As some embodiments of the present application, the structure of the perovskite solar cell of the embodiments of the present application may be the structure shown in FIG. 1, and may include at least a first electrode, a hole transporting layer, a perovskite layer, an electron transporting layer, and a second electrode, which are stacked and installed in sequence.

[0139] Here, the material of the perovskite layer contains the organic compound of the embodiments of the present application or the hole transporting material of the embodiments of the present application.

[0140] Thus, the material included in the hole transporting layer of the embodiments of the present application has a wide bandgap, effectively improves the matching between the work function of the first electrode and the energy level at the perovskite layer interface, significantly improves the carrier extraction, reduces the energy loss, and improves the open-circuit voltage of the perovskite battery, thereby significantly improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the perovskite solar cell.

[0141] In the examples, the thickness of this hole transport layer may be 0.1 nm to 10 nm, and may also be 0.5 nm to 10 nm, 0.1 nm to 5 nm, 1 nm to 5 nm, 3 nm to 5 nm, 2 nm to 4 nm, etc. In the exemplary examples, the thickness of this perovskite layer may be typical but not limited to 0.1 nm, 0.5 nm, 1 nm, 1.5 nm, 2 nm, 3 nm, 4.5 nm, 5 nm, 8 nm, 10 nm, etc.

[0142] By controlling and optimizing the thickness of the hole transport layer, it is possible to improve the performance of the hole transport layer, thereby enhancing the alignment between the work function of the first electrode and the energy levels at the perovskite layer interface, improving carrier extraction, reducing energy loss, increasing the open-circuit voltage of the perovskite cell, and significantly improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the perovskite solar cell.

[0143] Based on the hole transport layer described above, in the embodiment, the first electrode is a conductive oxide electrode, and in this case, the hole transport layer is laminated and installed between the first electrode and the perovskite layer. By laminating and bonding this hole transport layer and the conductive oxide electrode, the chemical bonding adsorption effect between the organic compound of the embodiment of this application and the conductive oxide electrode layer is improved, specifically the chemical bonding adsorption effect between the head group of the organic compound of the embodiment of this application and the conductive oxide substrate, thereby further improving the bonding strength between the hole transport layer and the conductive oxide electrode. This improves the integrity of the monolayer layer formed by the organic compound on the surface of the conductive oxide electrode, while also improving the compatibility between the work function of the conductive oxide electrode and the energy levels of the perovskite layer, thereby enhancing the photoelectric performance of the perovskite solar cell, such as the open-circuit voltage and photoelectric conversion efficiency.

[0144] In the embodiment, the material of the first electrode or conductive oxide electrode may be at least one of the following: fluorine-doped tin oxide transparent material (FTO), indium tin oxide (ITO), zinc oxide-doped aluminum transparent conductive material (AZO), zinc oxide-doped boron transparent conductive material (BZO), and zinc oxide-doped indium transparent conductive material (IZO). These conductive oxide materials form a conductive oxide electrode layer, have high transparency, and have high bonding strength with the hole transport layer stack. Due to the action of the hole transport layer, the work function of the conductive oxide electrode is effectively shifted downward, bringing it closer to the quasi-Fermi level of the perovskite layer. This improves the open-circuit voltage of the perovskite cell, improves the compatibility between the work function of the conductive oxide electrode and the energy level at the perovskite layer interface, improves carrier extraction, and reduces energy loss, thereby significantly improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the perovskite solar cell.

[0145] In the examples, the chemical formula of the perovskite contained in the perovskite layer is ABX3 or A2CDX6. Here, A is an inorganic, organic, or mixed organic-inorganic cation, and methylammonium ion (MA) + CH3NH3 + ), methylamidine ion (FA + , HC(NH2)2 + ), Cs + It may be at least one ion of the following, where B is an inorganic, organic, or mixed organic-inorganic cation, and Pb 2+ Sn 2+ It may be at least one of the ions, where C is inorganic, organic, or a mixed organic-inorganic cation, and is generally Ag + D is an inorganic, organic, or mixed organic-inorganic cation, and Bi is a bismuth cation. 3+ Antimony cation Sb 3+ Indium cation In 3+ It may be at least one of the following, where X is an inorganic, organic, or mixed organic-inorganic anion, and Br - or I- It may be at least one of the following. The perovskite of this material has a high solar energy absorption rate, and due to the action of the hole transport layer, its energy levels are highly compatible with the work function of the first electrode, in particular the conductive oxide electrode, and the band gap of this perovskite layer can reach 1.20 to 2.30 eV.

[0146] In the examples, the thickness of the perovskite layer may be 200 to 1000 nm, or even 300 to 800 nm, and in the exemplary examples, the thickness of the perovskite layer may be typical but not limited to 20 nm, 100 nm, 200 nm, 300 nm, 400 nm, 500 nm, 600 nm, 700 nm, 800 nm, 900 nm, 1000 nm, etc.

[0147] In the example, the electron transport layer material comprises at least one of an electron transport material, a derivative of an electron transport material, a dopant of an electron transport material, and a passivation of an electron transport material, wherein the electron transport material is [6,6]-phenyl C 61 Methyl butyrate (PC 61 BM), [6,6]-phenyl C 71 Methyl butyrate (PC 71 BM), Fullerene C 60 (C 60 ), fullerene C 70 (C 70 It contains at least one of the following: ), tin dioxide (SnO2), and zinc oxide (ZnO).

[0148] These materials can effectively improve electron extraction and transport in the electron transport layer, working synergistically with functional layers such as the hole transport layer, and further enhance the photoelectric conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells.

[0149] In the embodiments, the material of the second electrode includes, but is not limited to, an organic, inorganic, or organic-inorganic conductive material, and exemplary examples include Ag, Cu, C, Au, Al, FTO, ITO, AZO, BZO, IZO, etc. If the first electrode is a conductive oxide electrode, the second electrode may be a metal electrode.

[0150] In some embodiments, the perovskite solar cell in each of the above embodiments may further include a transparent substrate, and in exemplary examples, the first electrode of the perovskite solar cell is bonded to the surface of the transparent substrate. In the embodiments, the material of the transparent substrate is glass or other transparent material, which may be, but is not limited to, a transparent resin.

[0151] In some embodiments, a passivation layer may be provided in the perovskite solar cell reflux in each of the above embodiments, and this passivation layer is laminated between the electron transport layer and the second electrode. In exemplary examples, the material of this passivation layer may be a hole-blocking material, such as, but is not limited to, 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-biphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (BCP), nanoZnO, or SnO.

[0152] Method for manufacturing perovskite solar cells According to a fifth aspect, embodiments of the present application further provide a method for manufacturing a perovskite solar cell. In some embodiments, the method for manufacturing a perovskite solar cell according to embodiments of the present application includes the following steps:

[0153] S60: Provides the first electrode, S70: Prepare a slurry containing an organic compound or hole transport material, and apply this slurry to the surface of the first electrode to form a hole transport layer. S80: A perovskite layer is formed on the surface away from the first electrode of the hole transport layer. S90: An electron transport layer is formed on the surface of the perovskite layer that is separated from the hole transport layer. S100: A second electrode is formed on the surface separating from the perovskite layer of the electron transport layer.

[0154] Step S60: The first electrode in step S60 is the first electrode included in the perovskite solar cell of the embodiment of this application, and in the embodiment, this first electrode may be a conductive oxide electrode, and in the exemplary example, if this first electrode is a conductive oxide electrode, this conductive oxide electrode may be a conductive material or conductive substrate such as the fluorine-doped tin oxide transparent material (FTO), indium tin oxide (ITO), zinc oxide-doped aluminum transparent conductive material (AZO), zinc oxide-doped boron transparent conductive material (BZO), zinc oxide-doped indium transparent conductive material (IZO). By controlling the first electrode to a conductive oxide electrode, the hole transport layer formed in step S70 and this conductive oxide electrode are directly laminated and bonded, and a chemical bond is effectively formed between the organic compound of the embodiment of this application contained in the slurry in step S70 and the conductive oxide electrode layer. This further improves the bond strength between the hole transport layer and the conductive oxide electrode, improves the integrity of the monolayer layer formed by the organic compound on the surface of the conductive oxide electrode, improves the compatibility between the work function of the conductive oxide electrode and the energy levels of the perovskite layer, and enhances the photoelectric performance of the perovskite solar cell, such as the open-circuit voltage and photoelectric conversion efficiency.

[0155] In the embodiment, etching and cleaning treatments may be performed on the first electrode to remove surface contaminants or improve the surface performance of the first electrode, thereby improving the bonding strength of the hole transport layer on the surface of the first electrode, and allowing the hole transport layer to fully exert its effect in adjusting the work function of the first electrode.

[0156] Step S70: The organic compound in step S70 is the organic compound of the embodiment of the present application, and the hole transport material is the hole transport material of the embodiment of the present application. Thus, since the organic compound of the embodiment of the present application is contained in the slurry, the head group contained in this organic compound has good hydrophilicity, so the organic compound of the embodiment of the present application can be effectively bonded to the surface of the first electrode, for example, a conductive oxide. The terminal group contained in the organic compound of the embodiment of the present application has good hydrophobicity, so by self-assembling to form a monomolecular film layer, the above-mentioned function of the organic compound of the embodiment of the present application can be fully exerted, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the perovskite solar cell of the embodiment of the present application can be improved. And since the binding force between the formed hole transport layer and the surface of the first electrode, for example, a conductive oxide is strong, when forming a perovskite layer on the surface of the hole transport layer, this hole transport layer can resist the washing away of the perovskite precursor solution, and the stability of the hole transport layer can be guaranteed, that is, the integrity and stability of the monomolecular layer formed on the surface of the first electrode, for example, a conductive oxide can be guaranteed.

[0157] In the embodiment, the concentration of the slurry may be controlled to be 0.1 to 10 mg / mL. This concentration refers to the organic compound of the embodiment of the present application or the hole transport material of the embodiment of the present application, and may be understood as the concentration of the slurry solute. By controlling the concentration of the slurry within this range, the head group of the organic compound of the embodiment of the present application can be sufficiently bonded to the surface of the first electrode, for example, a conductive oxide, the terminal group can be sufficiently self-assembled to form a complete monomolecular film layer, and the quality of the film layer of the hole transport layer can be improved.

[0158] In the embodiment, the solvent of the slurry may include solvents such as methanol, isopropyl alcohol, ethanol, chlorobenzene, etc., but is not limited thereto. These solvents can effectively dissolve the organic compound of the embodiment of the present application or the hole transport material of the embodiment of the present application, form a uniform slurry, and assist the binding between the hydrophilic head group of the organic compound of the embodiment of the present application and the surface of the first electrode, for example, a conductive oxide, and the hydrophobic terminal group can self-assemble to form a monomolecular film layer.

[0159] In the examples, the thickness of the hole transport layer formed can be controlled to 0.1 to 10 nm, as described above, by adjusting the film formation conditions.

[0160] In the embodiments, the film formation process includes a combination of one or more methods from spin coating, spray coating, blade coating, slit coating, roll-to-roll printing, and slurry immersion on the surface of the first electrode, and any method by which the slurry can form a hole transport layer on the surface of the first electrode is within the scope of the disclosure of the embodiments of this application.

[0161] Step S80 and Step S90: The methods for forming the perovskite layer in step S80, the electron transport layer in step S90, and the second electrode in step S100 should be determined according to the properties of the materials. For example, an appropriate method can be selected according to the properties of the perovskite material, electron transport material, and second electrode material contained in the perovskite of the embodiment of this application to form the perovskite, electron transport layer, and second electrode, respectively.

[0162] In some embodiments, if the perovskite of this application contains a passivation layer (or hole blocking layer), the passivation layer is formed on the surface of the electron transport layer away from the perovskite layer between step S90 and step S100, i.e., after the step of forming the electron transport layer and before forming the second electrode, and then the second electrode is formed on the surface of the passivation layer away from the electron transport layer. The method for forming this passivation layer is also selected appropriately according to the properties of the passivation material to form the passivation layer.

[0163] power consumption equipment According to a sixth aspect, embodiments of the present application further provide a power consumption device, the power consumption device including a perovskite solar cell of the above-described embodiment. The perovskite solar cell may supply power to the power consumption device as a power source, or the perovskite solar cell may serve as an energy storage unit for the power consumption device. Exemplarily, the power consumption device may be a lighting element, a display element, or an automobile, etc.

[0164] Examples of power-consuming devices include, but are not limited to, mobile devices (e.g., mobile phones, tablet computers, laptop computers, etc.), electric vehicles (e.g., pure electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, electric bicycles, electric scooters, electric golf carts, electric trucks, etc.), electric trains, ships and satellites, energy storage systems, lighting elements, display elements, etc. [Examples]

[0165] Examples of the present application are described below. The examples described below are illustrative and for interpretive purposes only, and should not be understood as limitations thereon. Where no specific technical or condition is described in the examples, the examples are carried out in accordance with the technical or condition or product specifications described in the literature in the art. Where the manufacturer of the reagents or equipment used is not specified, they are all commonly available commercial products.

[0166] 1. Examples of organic compounds and methods for producing the same: Example A1: This example provides an organic compound and a method for producing the same. The organic compound of this example is as shown in Chemical Formula 5 below.

[0167] The method for producing the organic compound represented by chemical formula 5 includes the following steps:

[0168] S1: 1.97 g of compound 1, 2.02 g of triethylamine, and 1.56 g of acetyl chloride were added to a three-necked flask, dissolved in 50 mL of dichloromethane, stirred for 20 hours, then poured into 50 mL of saturated ammonium chloride aqueous solution, extracted three times with 50 mL of dichloromethane, and the solvent was removed to obtain a yellow oily substance. This substance was separated by silica gel column chromatography to obtain compound 2 (2.75 g, 98%). 1 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ values ​​of 11.66 (s, 1H), 10.11 (s, 2H), 7.82-7.80 (m, 4H), 7.68 (d, J = 7.8, 2H), and 2.06 (s, 6H) were measured. The chemical reaction equation between compound 1 and acetyl chloride is as follows: [ka] S2: 2.75 g of compound 2, 1.85 g of 1,2-dibromoethane, and 1.52 g of potassium carbonate were dissolved in 20 mL of N,N-dimethylformamide, heated at 85°C for 20 hours, then poured into 50 mL of saturated sodium chloride aqueous solution, extracted three times with 50 mL of ethyl acetate, and the solvent was removed to obtain a yellow oily liquid. Separation by silica gel column chromatography yielded compound 3 (2.54 g, 67%). 1 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ values ​​of 10.11 (s, 2H), 7.89-7.61 (m, 6H), 4.38-4.32 (m, 2H), 3.59-3.55 (m, 2H), and 2.06 (s, 6H) were measured, and the chemical reaction equation between compound 2 and 1,2-dibromoethane is as follows: [ka] S3: Add 0.36 g of NaH to a three-necked flask containing 20 mL of N,N-dimethylformamide, slowly add 1.04 g of diethyl malonate dropwise, and react for 0.5 hours. Then, slowly add 2.54 g of compound 3 in a 20 mL solution of N,N-dimethylformamide to the three-necked flask, react overnight at 50°C, pour into 50 mL of saturated sodium chloride aqueous solution, extract three times with 50 mL of ethyl acetate, remove the solvent to obtain a yellow oily liquid, separate by silica gel column chromatography to obtain compound 4 (2.05 g, 67%), and 1 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ values ​​of 10.11 (s, 2H), 7.89-7.60 (m, 6H), 4.18-4.10 (m, 6H), 3.35-3.27 (m, 1H), 2.33-2.28 (m, 2H), 2.06 (s, 6H), and 1.23-1.19 (m, 6H) were measured, and the chemical reaction equation for the reaction between compound 3 and diethyl malonate is as follows: [ka] S4: 2.05 g of compound 4 was dissolved in 50 mL of ethanol, 25 mL of 3 M NaOH aqueous solution was added, and the mixture was refluxed and heated for 20 hours. After that, the pH was neutralized to 1 with 1 M dilute hydrochloric acid, and the white precipitate was filtered and then washed sequentially with water and ice ethanol to obtain pure compound 5 (1.77 g, 98%). 1 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ values ​​of 13.82 (s, 2H), 10.11 (s, 2H), 7.89-7.60 (m, 6H), 4.18-4.10 (m, 6H), 3.35-3.27 (m, 1H), and 2.06 (m, 8H) were measured, and the chemical equation for the hydrolysis reaction of compound 4 is as follows. [ka]

[0169] Example A2: This example provides an organic compound and a method for producing the same. The organic compound of this example is as shown in the following chemical formula 10.

[0170] The method for producing the organic compound represented by chemical formula 10 includes the following steps:

[0171] S1: 1.6 g of compound 6 and 14 mg of 1,1'-bis-(diphenylphosphine)ferrocene were dissolved in 20 mL of N,N-dimethylformamide and 2 mL of water, and after homogeneous stirring, 84 mg of zinc acetate dihydrate, 13 mg of zinc powder, 10 mg of tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium (0), and at least 0.8 g of zinc cyanide were added in a 20 mL solution of N,N-dimethylformamide. The solution was stirred at 100°C for 72 hours, then poured into 50 mL of saturated sodium chloride aqueous solution, extracted three times with 50 mL of ethyl acetate, and the solvent was removed to obtain a yellow oily liquid. Separation by silica gel column chromatography yielded compound 7 (0.98 g, 92%). 1 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ values ​​of 11.66 (s, 1H), 7.81-7.75 (m, 4H), and 7.33 (d, J = 7.8, 2H) were measured, and the chemical reaction equation between compound 6 and zinc cyanide is as follows: [ka] S2: Compared to step S2 of Example A1, 2.75 g of compound 2 is replaced with 0.98 g of compound 7, 1.85 g of 1,2-dibromoethane is replaced with 1.33 g of 2-bromomethyl-1,3-dibromopropane, and 1.52 g of potassium carbonate is replaced with 0.77 g to finally obtain compound 8 (1.53 g, 78%). 1 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ values ​​of 8.00-7.61 (m, 4H), 7.37 (d, J = 7.8, 2H), 4.03 (d, J = 7.2, 2H), 3.22 (d, J = 7.8, 4H), and 2.35-2.26 (m, 1H) were measured. The chemical reaction equation between this compound 7 and 2-bromomethyl-1,3-dibromopropane is as follows: [ka] S3: Compared to step S3 of Example A1, 0.36 g of NaH is replaced with 0.38 g, 1.04 g of diethyl malonate is replaced with 1.14 g, and 2.54 g of compound 3 is replaced with 1.53 g of compound 8, finally obtaining compound 9 (2.03 g, 97%). 1 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ values ​​were measured at 8.00-7.61 (m, 4H), 7.37 (d, J = 7.8, 2H), 4.16-4.12 (m, 8H), 4.03 (d, J = 7.2, 2H), 3.32-3.30 (m, 4H), 1.98-1.92 (m, 4H), 1.32-1.28 (m, 1H), and 1.22-1.20 (m, 12H). The chemical equation for the reaction between compound 8 and diethyl malonate is as follows: [ka] S4: Compared to step S4 of Example A1, 2.05 g of compound 4 is replaced with 2.03 g of compound 9, and finally compound 10 (161 g, 98%) is obtained. 1 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ values ​​of 13.82 (s, 1H), 8.00-7.61 (m, 4H), 7.37 (d, J = 7.8, 2H), 4.03 (d, J = 7.2, 2H), 3.42-3.36 (m, 2H), 1.73-1.69 (m, 4H), and 1.32-1.28 (m, 1H) were measured, and the chemical equation for the hydrolysis reaction of compound 9 is as follows. [ka]

[0172] Example A3: This example provides an organic compound and a method for producing the same. The organic compound of this example is as shown in the following chemical formula 14.

[0173] The method for producing the organic compound represented by chemical formula 14 includes the following steps:

[0174] S1: Compared to step S2 of Example A1, 2.75 g of compound 2 is replaced with 2.07 g of compound 11, 1.85 g of 1,2-dibromoethane is replaced with 3.87 g of 2,2-dibromomethyl-1,3-dibromopropane, and 1.52 g of potassium carbonate is replaced with 1.38 g, and the mixture is reacted to obtain compound 12 (3.86 g, 75%). 1 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ values ​​of 6.75 (s, 2H), 3.71 (s, 2H), 3.16 (s, 6H), and 2.37 (s, 6H) were measured, and the chemical reaction equation between compound 11 and 2,2-dibromomethyl-1,3-dibromopropane is as follows: [ka] S2: Compared to step S3 of Example A1, replace 0.36 g of NaH with 1.17 g, replace 1.04 g of diethyl malonate with 3.6 g, and replace 2.54 g of compound 3 with 3.86 g of compound 12, and react to obtain compound 13 (3.76 g, 66%). 1 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ values ​​were measured at 6.75 (s, 2H), 4.18-4.10 (m, 12H), 3.71 (s, 2H), 3.34-3.28 (m, 3H), 3.16 (s, 6H), 2.37 (s, 6H), 1.91-1.87 (m, 6H), and 1.23-1.19 (m, 9H). The chemical equation for the reaction between compound 12 and diethyl malonate is as follows: [ka] S3: Compared to step S4 of Example A1, 2.05 g of compound 4 is replaced with 3.76 g of compound 13 and the reaction is carried out to obtain compound 14 (2.87 g, 99%). 1¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ values ​​of 13.82 (s, 3H), 6.75 (s, 2H), 3.71 (s, 6H), 3.42-3.26 (m, 3H), 2.37 (s, 6H), and 1.67-1.63 (m, 6H) were measured, and the chemical equation for the hydrolysis reaction of compound 13 is as follows. [ka]

[0175] Example A4: This example provides an organic compound and a method for producing the same. The organic compound of this example is as shown in the following chemical formula 18.

[0176] The method for producing the organic compound represented by chemical formula 18 includes the following steps:

[0177] S1: Compared to step S2 of Example A1, 2.75 g of compound 2 is replaced with 2.06 g of compound 15, 1.85 g of 1,2-dibromoethane is replaced with 3.7 g, and 1.52 g of potassium carbonate is replaced with 3.04 g, and the reaction is carried out to obtain compound 16 (3.15 g, 75%). 1 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ values ​​of 6.74 (s, 2H), 3.54-3.48 (m, 4H), 2.37 (s, 6H), and 2.19-2.15 (m, 4H) were measured, and the chemical reaction equation between compound 15 and 1,2-dibromoethane is as follows: [ka] S2: Compared to step S3 of Example A1, replace 0.36g of NaH with 0.72g, replace 1.04g of diethyl malonate with 2.08g, and replace 2.54g of compound 3 with 3.15g of compound 16, and react to obtain compound 17 (2.75g, 66%). 1¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ values ​​of 6.74 (s, 2H), 4.18-4.10 (m, 8H), 3.34-3.28 (m, 2H), 2.37 (s, 6H), 1.80-1.64 (m, 8H), and 1.24-1.18 (m, 12H) were measured. The chemical equation for the reaction between compound 16 and diethyl malonate is as follows: [ka] S3: Compared to step S4 of Example A1, 2.05 g of compound 4 is replaced with 2.75 g of compound 17 and the reaction is carried out to obtain compound 18 (2.01 g, 97%). 1 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ values ​​of 13.87 (s, 4H), 6.74 (s, 2H), 3.42-3.36 (m, 2H), 2.37 (s, 6H), and 1.68-1.52 (m, 8H) were measured, and the chemical equation for the hydrolysis reaction of compound 17 is as follows. [ka]

[0178] Example A5: This example provides an organic compound and a method for producing the same. The organic compound of this example is as shown in the following chemical formula 21.

[0179] The method for producing the organic compound represented by chemical formula 21 includes the following steps:

[0180] S1: 2.29 g of compound 19 and 3.01 g of vinyl-1,1-bis(diethyl phosphite) were dissolved in 50 mL of chloroform, refluxed and stirred for 6 hours to obtain compound 20 (5.21 g, 97%). 1¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ values ​​of 7.18 (d, J = 7.8, 4H), 6.79 (d, J = 7.8, 4H), 4.21-4.17 (m, 8H), 3.81 (s, 6H), 3.50 (d, J = 7.5, 2H), and 1.42-1.34 (m, 13H) were measured. The chemical reaction equation between this compound 19 and vinyl-1,1-bis(diethylphosphite) is as follows: [ka] S2: Add 2.65 g of compound 20 to 50 mL of 1,4-dioxane, add 0.92 g of trimethylbromosilane dropwise, stir at room temperature for 22 hours, then add 10 mL of methanol and continue stirring for 3 hours, add 10 mL of distilled water dropwise until the solution becomes opaque, stir overnight, filter the product, wash with water, dissolve the product in tetrahydrofuran until completely dissolved, add n-hexane until no more precipitate precipitates, filter the product, wash with n-hexane to obtain compound 21 (2.09 g, 73%), and 1 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) was performed, and the following values ​​were measured for δ: 7.18 (d, J = 7.8, 4H), 6.79 (d, J = 7.8, 4H), 4.80 (s, 4H), 3.81 (s, 6H), 3.54 (d, J = 7.5, 2H), and 1.42-1.38 (m, 1H). The chemical equation for the hydrolysis reaction of compound 20 is as follows. [ka]

[0181] Example A6: This example provides an organic compound and a method for producing the same. The organic compound of this example is as shown in the following chemical formula 24.

[0182] The method for producing the organic compound represented by chemical formula 24 includes the following steps:

[0183] S1: Dissolve 3.83 g of compound 22 in 50 mL of tetrahydrofuran, slowly add 4 mL of 2.5 Mn-butyllithium dropwise at -78 °C, stir for 2 hours, then slowly add 3.01 g of vinyl-1,1-bis(diethyl phosphite), raise to room temperature, and stir overnight to obtain compound 23 (5.01, 79%). 1 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ values ​​of 7.18 (d, J = 7.8, 6H), 7.03 (d, J = 7.8, 6H), 6.79 (d, J = 7.8, 4H), 4.20-4.16 (m, 8H), 3.81 (s, 6H), 2.87 (d, J = 7.5, 2H), 1.93-1.87 (m, 1H), and 1.38-1.34 (m, 12H) were measured. The coupling reaction equation between this compound 22 and vinyl-1,1-bis(diethylphosphite) is as follows: [ka] S2: Add 3.03 g of compound 23 to 50 mL of 1,4-dioxane, add 0.92 g of trimethylbromosilane dropwise, stir at room temperature for 22 hours, then add 10 mL of methanol, continue stirring for 3 hours, add 10 mL of distilled water dropwise until the solution becomes opaque, stir overnight, filter the product, wash with water, dissolve the product in tetrahydrofuran until completely dissolved, add n-hexane until no more precipitate precipitates, filter the product, wash with n-hexane to obtain compound 24 (2.09 g, 73%), and 1 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ values ​​of 7.18 (d, J = 7.8, 6H), 7.03 (d, J = 7.8, 6H), 6.79 (d, J = 7.8, 4H), 4.80 (s, 4H), 3.81 (s, 6H), 2.91 (d, J = 7.5, 2H), and 1.93-1.87 (m, 1H) were measured. The chemical equation for the hydrolysis reaction of compound 23 is as follows. [ka]

[0184] Example A7: This example provides an organic compound and a method for producing the same. The organic compound of this example is as shown in the following chemical formula 25.

[0185] The method for producing the organic compound represented by chemical formula 25 includes the following steps:

[0186] S1: 1.04 g of compound 21 is dissolved in 30 mL of anhydrous ethanol, and 19.5 mL of 1 M sodium hydroxide aqueous solution is added dropwise. After the reaction is complete, compound 25 (1.08 g, 99%) is obtained. 1 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) was performed, and the following values ​​were measured for δ: 7.18 (d, J = 7.8, 4H), 6.79 (d, J = 7.8, 4H), 4.80 (s, 3H), 3.81 (s, 6H), 3.67-3.42 (m, 2H), and 1.42-1.38 (m, 1H). The chemical reaction equation for the production of compound 25 is as follows. [ka]

[0187] Example A8: This example provides an organic compound and a method for producing the same. The organic compound of this example is as shown in the following chemical formula 26.

[0188] The method for producing the organic compound represented by chemical formula 26 includes the following steps:

[0189] S1: 1.04 g of compound 21 is dissolved in 30 mL of anhydrous ethanol, and 0.2 g of piperidine is added dropwise. After the reaction is complete, compound 26 (1.22 g, 98%) is obtained. 1¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ values ​​of 9.79 (d, J = 7.8, 2H), 9.66 (d, J = 7.8, 2H), 7.18 (d, J = 7.8, 4H), 6.79 (d, J = 7.8, 4H), 4.80 (s, 3H), 3.81 (s, 6H), 3.67-3.42 (m, 2H), and 1.42-1.38 (m, 1H) were measured, and the chemical reaction equation for the production of compound 26 is as follows. [ka]

[0190] Example A9: This example provides an organic compound and a method for producing the same. The organic compound of this example is as shown in the following chemical formula 30.

[0191] The method for producing the organic compound represented by chemical formula 30 includes the following steps:

[0192] S1: Add 3.71g of compound 27, 3.28g of compound 28, 0.59g of tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (Pd(PPh3)4), 50mL of toluene, and 50mL of 2M potassium carbonate (K2CO3) aqueous solution to a reaction flask, heat at 110°C for 48 hours, and after the reaction, purify to obtain compound 29 (3.21g, 63%). 1 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ values ​​of 7.62 (d, J = 7.8, 2H), 7.55 (d, J = 7.8, 2H), 7.37 (d, J = 7.8, 2H), 7.32 (d, J = 7.8, 2H), 7.24 (t, J = 7.4, 4H), 7.08 (d, J = 7.8, 4H), 7.04-6.99 (m, 2H), 4.10-4.06 (m, 4H), 3.83 (s, 1H), 3.42 (d, J = 7.5, 2H), and 1.23-1.17 (m, 6H) were measured, and the coupling reaction equation of compound 27 and compound 28 is as follows: [ka] S2: Add 2.45 g of compound 29, 20 mL of tetrahydrofuran, 20 mL of ethanol, and 20 mL of 2 M sodium hydroxide (NaOH) aqueous solution to a reaction flask, stir at 75°C for 20 hours, and obtain 20 mL of 3 M hydrochloric acid (HCl aqueous solution). Filter the product to obtain compound 30 (2.09 g, 73%). 1 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ values ​​of 12.72 (s, 2H), 7.61 (d, J = 7.8, 2H), 7.54 (d, J = 7.8, 2H), 7.35 (d, J = 7.8, 2H), 7.32 (d, J = 7.8, 2H), 7.22 (t, J = 7.4, 4H), 7.07 (d, J = 7.8, 4H), 7.06-6.98 (m, 2H), 4.10-4.06 (m, 4H), 3.91-3.89 (m, 1H), and 3.18 (d, J = 7.5, 2H) were measured. The chemical equation for the hydrolysis reaction of compound 29 is as follows. [ka]

[0193] Comparative Example A1 This comparative example provides an organic compound and a method for producing the same. The organic compound of this comparative example is shown in the following chemical formula d4.

[0194] The method for producing the organic compound represented by chemical formula d4 includes the following steps:

[0195] S1: This is the same as step S1 of Example A1, S2: This is the same as step S2 of Example A1, S3: Compared to step S3 of Example A1, 0.49 g of sodium cyanide dimethyl sulfoxide solution is added to 0.27 g of 18-crown-6 (18-crown ether-6, C 12 H 24Adding 0.14 g of potassium carbonate to O6, and then reacting it with 2.54 g of compound 3 at 100°C for 72 hours, the mixture is poured into a saturated sodium chloride aqueous solution, extracted three times with ethyl acetate, and the solvent is removed to obtain a yellow oily liquid. This liquid is then separated by silica gel column chromatography to obtain compound d1 (0.74 g, 37%). 1 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ values ​​of 10.11 (s, 2H), 7.86 (d, J = 7.8, 4H), 7.59 (d, J = 7.8, 4H), 4.18-4.14 (m, 2H), 2.06 (s, 6H), and 1.93-1.87 (m, 2H) were measured. The chemical equation for the reaction between compound 3 and sodium cyanide is as follows: [ka] S4: Compared to step S4 of Example A1, compound 4 is replaced with compound d1 to obtain compound d2, and 1 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) was performed, and the following values ​​were measured for δ: 12.01 (s, 1H), 10.11 (s, 2H), 7.86 (d, J = 7.8, 4H), 7.59 (d, J = 7.8, 4H), 4.14-4.10 (m, 2H), 2.52-2.48 (m, 2H), and 2.06 (s, 6H). The chemical equation for the hydrolysis reaction of compound d1 is as follows. [ka]

[0196] 2. Examples of perovskite solar cells and methods for manufacturing the same: Example B1: This embodiment provides a perovskite solar cell and a method for manufacturing the same. The perovskite solar cell of this embodiment includes a first electrode (transparent conductive oxide electrode), a hole transport layer, a perovskite layer, an electron transport layer, a blocking layer, and a second electrode, which are stacked in order. Here, the transparent conductive oxide electrode is FTO, the material of the hole transport layer is compound 4 in Example A1, the material of the perovskite layer is CsFA-based, and the material of the electron transport layer is PC 61 The material is BM, the blocking layer material is BCP, and the material of the second electrode is Cu.

[0197] The method for manufacturing a perovskite solar cell includes the following steps:

[0198] S1: Pretreatment of transparent conductive oxide electrodes: S11: Twenty FTO conductive glass sheets with specifications of 2.0*2.0cm were taken out, and 0.35cm of FTO was removed from each end by laser etching to expose the glass substrate. S12: The FTO conductive glass, which has been etched in order with water, acetone, and isopropyl alcohol, is ultrasonically cleaned several times. S13: The FTO conductive glass is dried under a nitrogen gas gun, then placed in an ultraviolet ozone device for further cleaning. S2: Compound 5 from Example A1 was dissolved in methanol to obtain a self-assembling molecular solution with a concentration of 0.3 mg / mL after dissolution. The self-assembling molecules were then spin-coated onto the surface of an FTO substrate after UV ozone treatment at 3000 rpm, and a self-assembling molecular layer with a thickness of 5 nm was obtained by vacuum evacuation or annealing. S3: 726 mg of lead iodide, 240 mg of iodoformamidine, 19 mg of cesium iodide, and 11 mg of lead bromide were weighed and dissolved in 1 mL of a mixed solution of DMF and DMSO (DMF to DMSO volume ratio 4:1). The mixture was stirred for 3 hours, filtered through a 0.22 μm organic filtration membrane to obtain a perovskite precursor solution. The perovskite precursor solution was spin-coated onto the surface of the resulting self-assembling molecular layer at 3000 rpm, annealed at 100°C for 30 min, and cooled to room temperature to form a perovskite layer with a thickness of 800 nm. Here, the perovskite absorption layer active material is CsFA-based. S4: A 20nm thick electron transport layer (PC) is spin-coated onto the surface of the perovskite layer at 1500 rpm. 61 A BM is formed, annealed at 100°C for 10 minutes, and then spin-coated at 5000 rpm to form a 5 nm thick passivation layer BCP. S5: The obtained sheet was placed in a vapor deposition machine, and a 100 nm thick metal electrode Cu was deposited on the surface of the passivation layer to obtain a perovskite solar cell, which was designated as battery 1.

[0199] Examples B2 to B8: Examples B2 to B8 each provide a perovskite solar cell and a method for manufacturing the same. Compared to the perovskite solar cell in Example B1, the hole transport layer material in the perovskite solar cell of Example B2 is chemical formula 10 in Example A2, the hole transport layer material in the perovskite solar cell of Example B3 is chemical formula 14 in Example A3, and the hole transport layer material in the perovskite solar cell of Example B4 is chemical formula 18 in Example A4. By analogy, the hole transport layer material in the perovskite solar cell of Example B8 is chemical formula 26 in Example A8.

[0200] The methods for manufacturing perovskite solar cells in Examples B2 to B8 are similar to those for manufacturing perovskite solar cells in Example B1. In Example B2, step S2 involves dissolving compound 10 from Example A2 in methanol to form a hole transport layer, while the other steps are the same. In Example B3, step S2 involves dissolving compound 14 from Example A3 in methanol to form a hole transport layer, while the other steps are the same. In Example B4, step S2 involves dissolving compound 18 from Example A4 in methanol to form a hole transport layer, while the other steps are the same. By analogy, in Example B8, step S2 involves dissolving compound 26 from Example A8 in methanol to form a hole transport layer, while the other steps are the same.

[0201] Comparative Example B1: Comparative Example B1 differs from the perovskite solar cell in Example B1 in that it does not contain a hole transport layer, but the other structural layers are the same.

[0202] The method for manufacturing a perovskite solar cell in Comparative Example B1 is different from the method for manufacturing a perovskite solar cell in Example B1 in that step S2 is omitted.

[0203] Comparative example B2 This comparative example provides a perovskite solar cell. Compared to Example B1, the hole transport layer material in the perovskite solar cell of this comparative example is the organic compound d2 from the manufacturing method of Comparative Example A2, and all other aspects are the same.

[0204] Therefore, the difference between the perovskite solar cell of this comparative example and the method for manufacturing the perovskite solar cell of Example B1 is that in step S2 of the method for manufacturing the perovskite solar cell of Example B1, compound 5 is replaced with the above organic compound d2, and it is dissolved in methanol to form a hole transport layer, while the other steps are the same.

[0205] 3. Perovskite solar cell performance testing: The perovskite solar cells in Examples B1 to B8 and the perovskite solar cells provided in Comparative Examples B1 to B2 were subjected to the photoelectric conversion efficiency tests shown in Table 1 below.

[0206] In this test of the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the perovskite solar cell (Test IV), a solar simulator was used. The test was conducted in accordance with the national standard IEC61215, and a crystalline silicon solar cell was used to adjust the light intensity to reach a solar intensity of AM 1.5. The cell was connected to a digital source meter, and its photoelectric conversion efficiency was measured under light.

[0207] The results of the IV test are shown in Table 1 below.

[0208] [Table 1]

[0209] As can be seen from the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability data of each perovskite solar cell in Table 1, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the perovskite solar cells in Examples B1 to B8 of this application was significantly higher than that of the perovskite solar cell in Comparative Example B1, and also higher than that of the perovskite solar cell in Comparative Example B2. Furthermore, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the perovskite solar cells in Examples B1 to B8 of this application on day 30 was close to that on day 3. Therefore, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the perovskite solar cells in the examples of this application was significantly improved compared to self-assembling molecules with a single head group, and the photoelectric conversion performance was stable.

[0210] As can be seen from the photoelectric conversion stability and photoelectric conversion efficiency of the perovskite solar cells in Examples B1 to B8 of this application, the organic compounds according to the examples of this application can significantly reinforce the strength, amount, and uniformity of the bond with the surface of the transparent conductive oxide electrode, and significantly improve the integrity of the monolayer formed by the end groups contained in the organic compound, thereby significantly improving the function that the organic compound exhibits as a hole transport layer. This effectively and significantly improves the compatibility between the work function of the first electrode, for example, the transparent conductive oxide electrode, and the energy levels at the perovskite layer interface, reducing energy loss, improving the open-circuit voltage of the perovskite cell, and significantly improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the perovskite solar cell.

[0211] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical concepts of this application and do not limit them. While the application has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical concepts described in the above embodiments can still be modified, or some or all of their technical features can be replaced with equivalent ones. Such modifications or replacements should not deviate the essence of the relevant technical concept from the scope of the technical concepts in each embodiment of this application, and should all be included within the scope of the claims and specification of this application. In particular, unless there is a structural conflict, the technical features referred to in each embodiment may be combined in any manner. This application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed herein, but encompasses all technical concepts within the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. An organic compound comprising a head group, a terminal group, and a carbon chain, wherein the carbon chain connects the head group and the terminal group, and the head group comprises two or more members.

2. Two or more of the head groups are the same or different -SO ３ H, -PO(OH) ２ , -COOH, -Si(OR ａ ) ３ At least two of the above or -SO ３ H, -PO(OH) ２ It contains at least two salts of -COOH, where R ａ The organic compound according to claim 1, characterized in that is a first alkyl group.

3. The organic compound according to claim 1, characterized in that the terminal group comprises at least one of the following groups: substituted or unsubstituted carbazole, substituted or unsubstituted cyclopentadithiophene, substituted or unsubstituted benzodithiophene, substituted or unsubstituted pyrrolodithiophene, substituted or unsubstituted diphenylamine, substituted or unsubstituted triphenylamine, or substituted or unsubstituted triphenylmethane.

4. The carbazole group is 【Chemistry 1】 And, The cyclopentadithiophene group is 【Chemistry 2】 And, The aforementioned benzodithiophene group 【Transformation 3】 And, The pyrrologithiophene group is 【Chemistry 4】 And, The aforementioned diphenylamine group is 【Transformation 5】 And, The aforementioned triphenylamine group is 【Transformation 6】 And, Here, the above R １ and R ２ and R ３ and R ４ and R ５ and R ６ and R ７ and R ８ and R ９ and R １０ and R １１ and R １２ and R １３ each independently represents hydrogen, halogen, -O-R ｂ , -OH, -NHCOR ｃ , -OCOR ｄ , -CH ２ COOH, -R ｅ , a phenyl group, a phenyl group substituted with halogen, R substituted with halogen ｆ , a nitrogen-containing group, R substituted with a nitrogen-containing group ｇ , a phenyl group substituted with a nitrogen-containing group, and each contains any one of them, and the above R ｂ and R ｃ and R ｄ and R ｅ and R ｆ and R ｇ each independently represents a second alkyl group, The organic compound according to claim 3, characterized in that the first alkyl group is a C1-C5 alkyl group.

5. The second alkyl group is a C1-C5 alkyl group, and / or The nitrogen-containing group is -N(R ｈ ) ２ , - NHR ｉ , -NH ２ , comprising one of the following: trimethylamine group, triethylamine group, or tripropylamine group, where R ｈ , R ｉ The organic compound according to claim 4, characterized in that is independently a third alkyl group.

6. The carbon chain comprises at least one of an alkyl chain and an alkyl chain containing a heteroatom, and / or The organic compound according to claim 1, characterized in that one end of the carbon chain is connected to the head group, and the other end of the carbon chain is connected to the terminal group.

7. The number of carbon atoms in the alkyl chain is 1 to 10, and / or The organic compound according to claim 6, characterized in that the heteroatom contains at least one of O, S, N, B, and Si.

8. The aforementioned organic compound, 【Transformation 7】 It comprises at least one of the compounds and / or a salt of the compound, Here, R １１ａ , R １２ａ , R １３ａ , R １４ａ , R １５ａ , R １６ａ R is independent of the above R １ And R ２１ａ , R ２２ａ , R ２３ａ , R ２４ａ , R ２５ａ , R ２６ａ R is independent of the above R ２ And R １２１ , R １２２ R is independent of the above R １２ And R １３１ , R １３２ R is independent of the above R １３ The organic compound according to feature 4.

9. A method for producing an organic compound according to claim 1, Reactant F containing terminal groups ａ Reactant F containing the first carbon chain ｂ The two are coupled together, and the terminal group is linked onto the first carbon chain to form an intermediate product C ａ Generate, The aforementioned intermediate product C ａ Reactant F contains a first ester group, which is an ester group containing a first head group. ｃ The two are substituted, and the first head group is linked to the first carbon chain to form the intermediate product C ｂ Generate, The aforementioned intermediate product C ｂ The first step involves hydrolyzing the ester groups contained in to produce the final product, an organic compound. or Reactant F containing terminal groups ａ Reaction product F contains a second carbon chain and a second ester group. ｅ The two are subjected to an addition reaction, and the terminal group is linked onto the second carbon chain to form the intermediate product C ｃ This generates a compound in which the second ester group is an ester group containing a second head group, and the second head group is linked to the second carbon chain. The aforementioned intermediate product C ｃ The step includes subjecting the second ester group contained therein to a second hydrolysis reaction to produce an organic compound, which is the final product. The present invention relates to a manufacturing method characterized in that the head group contained in the final product, the organic compound, is two or more.

10. The reactant F ａ teeth, 【Transformation 8】 It contains at least one of the following compounds: Here, the R １ and R ２ and R ３ and R ４ and R ５ and R ６ and R ７ and R ８ and R ９ and R １０ and R １１ and R １２ and R １３ independently represents hydrogen, halogen, -O-R ｂ , -OH, -NHCOR ｃ , -OCOR ｄ , -CH ２ COOH, -R ｅ , phenyl group, phenyl group substituted with halogen, R ｆ substituted with halogen, nitrogen-containing group, R ｇ substituted with nitrogen-containing group, phenyl group substituted with nitrogen-containing group, and each independently contains any one of them, and the R ｂ and R ｃ and R ｄ and R ｅ and R ｆ and R ｇ is independently a fourth alkyl group, and / or The reactant F ｂ This includes one of a haloalkyl compound, a haloalkyl compound containing a heteroatom, and / or a haloalkyl acid halide compound. The reactant F ｃ is, -SO ３ H-containing ester group, -PO(OH) ２ Ester groups containing -COOH, -Si (OR ａ ) ３ A compound comprising at least two of the following, where R ａ is a fifth alkyl group, and / or The reactant F ｅ is, -SO ３ H-containing ester group, -PO(OH) ２ Ester groups containing -COOH, -Si (OR ａ ) ３ The compound contains at least one of the following, and also contains a halogenated compound containing either an alkyl chain or an alkyl chain containing a heteroatom, and a haloalkyl compound containing a heteroatom, where R ａ The manufacturing method according to claim 9, characterized in that is a sixth alkyl group.

11. The solvents for the coupling reaction and substitution reaction independently include at least one of N,N-dimethylformamide, toluene, water, 1,2-xylene, chlorobenzene, 1,2-dichlorobenzene, tetrahydrofuran, and / or The solvent for the hydrolysis reaction comprises at least one of 1,4-dioxane, water, anhydrous ethanol, tetrahydrofuran, toluene, 1,2-xylene, chlorobenzene, and 1,2-dichlorobenzene, and / or The solvent for the addition reaction comprises at least one of tetrahydrofuran, anhydrous ethanol, toluene, 1,2-xylene, chlorobenzene, and 1,2-dichlorobenzene, and / or The reactant F ｅ teeth, 【Chemistry 9】 It contains at least one of the following compounds: Here, R ｄ１ , R ｄ２ , R ｄ３ , R ｄ４ , R ｄ５ , R ｄ６ , R ｄ７ , R ｄ８ , R ｄ９ , R ｄ１０ , R ｄ１１ These are independently C1-C5 alkyl chains, and X １ , X ２ The manufacturing method according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that is independently a halogen atom.

12. A hole transport material characterized by containing the organic compound described in claim 1.

13. A perovskite solar cell comprising a hole transport layer, wherein the hole transport layer contains the organic compound described in claim 1 or the hole transport material described in claim 12.

14. The thickness of the hole transport layer is 0.1 nm to 10 nm, and / or The perovskite solar cell according to claim 13, characterized in that the hole transport layer is laminated and installed between the conductive oxide electrode and the perovskite layer contained in the perovskite solar cell.

15. The perovskite contained in the perovskite layer of the aforementioned perovskite solar cell is ABX ３ A ２ CDX ６ A comprises at least one of the following, where A, B, C, D are independently and distinctly inorganic, organic, or mixed organic-inorganic cations, and X is an inorganic, organic, or mixed organic-inorganic anion, and / or The perovskite solar cell according to claim 13, characterized in that the material of the conductive oxide electrode contained in the perovskite solar cell includes at least one of the following: a fluorine-doped tin oxide transparent material, an indium tin oxide transparent conductive material, a zinc oxide-doped aluminum transparent conductive material, a zinc oxide-doped boron transparent conductive material, and a zinc oxide-doped indium transparent conductive material.

16. A method for manufacturing a perovskite solar cell, The steps include providing a first electrode, The steps include: preparing a slurry containing an organic compound or a hole transport material, and forming a film on the surface of the first electrode with the slurry to form a hole transport layer; The steps include forming a perovskite layer on the surface of the hole transport layer that is separated from the first electrode, The steps include forming an electron transport layer on the surface of the perovskite layer that is separated from the hole transport layer, The step includes forming a second electrode on the surface of the electron transport layer that is separated from the perovskite layer, A method for producing a hole transport material, wherein the organic compound comprises the organic compound described in claim 1, and the hole transport material comprises the hole transport material described in claim 12.

17. The first electrode is a conductive oxide electrode, and / or The manufacturing method according to claim 16, characterized in that the concentration of the organic compound or the hole transport material in the slurry is 0.1 to 10 mg / mL.

18. A power consumption device comprising a perovskite solar cell as described in claim 13, wherein the perovskite solar cell serves as the power source or energy storage unit of the power consumption device.

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