Coating compositions and their uses

Abstract

The coating compositions described herein can be applied to a variety of different substrates. These coating compositions can be used as decorative or protective layers in various applications and formulations, such as cosmetics. In some respects, the coating compositions comprise a solvent, one or more polymers, and optional additives for enhancing or modifying the properties of the coating composition, such as mechanical properties, rheological properties, appearance, and environmental sensitivity. When the coating composition is applied to a substrate, the solvent in the coating composition evaporates, forming a polymer film. The coating composition can be easily removed from the substrate by using a removal solution that reacts with or mechanically weakens the solvent or film.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] cross reference This application claims the benefits and priority of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 453,669, filed on 21 March 2023, the entirety of which is incorporated herein by reference. Background technology

[0002] Coatings are widely used in various industries and consumer goods to protect surfaces and improve their appearance. Surfaces can be composed of a wide range of materials and are also exposed to diverse environments. As a result, there is a demand for components and compositions that provide optimal performance characterized by durability, appearance, and versatility. Advances in these areas are achieved not only through the development of novel film-forming polymers but also through novel combinations of known materials to obtain better behavior. Particularly with regard to coatings used in consumer products, there is a growing concern for safety, and the use of new materials with fewer health risks is being promoted. Summary

[0003] The coating compositions described herein can be applied to a variety of different substrates. The coating compositions can be used as decorative or protective layers in various applications and formulations, such as cosmetics. In one aspect, the coating compositions comprise a solvent, one or more polymers, and optional additives for improving or modifying the properties of the coating composition, such as mechanical properties, rheological properties, appearance, and environmental sensitivity. When the coating composition is applied to a substrate, the solvent in the coating composition evaporates, forming a polymer film. The coating composition can be easily removed from the substrate by using a removal solution that reacts with or mechanically weakens the solvent or film.

[0004] Some advantages of the present invention are described in the following description, some are obvious from the above description, or can be understood by carrying out the aspects described below. The advantages described below are realized and achieved by the elements and combinations particularly pointed out in the appended claims. The above general description and the following detailed description are for illustrative and illustrative purposes only and are not limiting.

[0005] The attached drawings are incorporated into this specification and constitute part of this specification, illustrating some aspects as described below. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0006] [Figure 1] Figure 1 shows an example of a pigment-containing coating composition described herein applied to a ceramic tile.

[0007] [Figure 2] Figure 2 shows an example of applying the pigment-containing coating composition described herein to ceramic tiles with or without a protective cellulose ester layer.

[0008] [Figure 3] Figure 3 shows an example in which the pigment-containing coating composition described herein is applied to a nail, followed by a clear protective coat.

[0009] [Figure 4] Figure 4 shows the completed state after applying a red pigment coating and a clear top coat to the fingernails.

[0010] [Figure 5] Figure 5 shows an example of a possible color that can be formed by combining the coatings described herein with various pigments and fillers, which in this embodiment are applied to a fingernail.

[0011] [Figure 6]FIG. 6 shows an example of removing a pigment-containing coating composition from a fingernail using a removal solution consisting of ethanol, water, niacinamide, panthenol, and lavender essential oil.

[0012] Detailed explanation Those skilled in the art in the fields to which the compositions and methods disclosed herein belong will, by benefit of the teachings shown in the foregoing description and the relevant drawings, come up with many modifications and other embodiments. Therefore, it should be understood that this disclosure is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed, and that modifications and other embodiments are intended to be included within the scope of the appended claims. Those skilled in the art will recognize many variations and adaptations of the aspects described herein. These variations and adaptations are included in the teachings of this disclosure and are intended to be included within the scope of the claims herein.

[0013] While certain terms are used in this specification, they are used only in a general and descriptive sense and not for any restrictive purpose.

[0014] As will be apparent to those skilled in the art who have read this disclosure, each embodiment described and illustrated herein has its own distinct components and features, which can be readily separated or combined with features of several other embodiments without departing from the scope or spirit of this disclosure.

[0015] Any of the methods described may be performed in the order described, or in any other logically possible order. In other words, unless expressly stated otherwise, no method or aspect described herein is intended to be construed as requiring its steps to be performed in a specific order. Therefore, unless a claim for a method specifically states in the claim or description that the steps are limited to a particular order, no order is intended to be inferred in any way. This also applies to any unexpressed basis for interpretation, such as the logic of the order of steps or operations, the usual meaning derived from grammatical construction or punctuation, or the number or type of aspects described in the specification.

[0016] All publications and patents cited herein are cited to disclose and describe the methods and / or materials from which they are cited. All such publications and patents are incorporated herein by reference as if each publication or patent were specifically indicated to be incorporated by reference. Such incorporation of references is expressly limited to the methods and / or materials described in the cited publications and patents and does not extend to the dictionary definitions of any terms from the cited publications and patents. Dictionary definitions in the cited publications and patents that are not expressly repeated herein should not be treated as such and should not be read as defining terms appearing in the appended claims. Citations of publications are intended to indicate disclosures prior to the filing date and should not be construed as a finding that this disclosure cannot claim to be earlier than the said publications based on prior disclosures. Furthermore, cited publication dates may differ from actual publication dates and should be verified independently.

[0017] While aspects of this disclosure may be described and claimed in certain legal categories, such as the legal category of the system, this is for convenience only, and a person skilled in the art will understand that each aspect of this disclosure may be described and claimed in any legal category.

[0018] It should also be understood that the terms used in this specification are used only for the purpose of describing particular aspects and are not intended to be limiting. Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used in this specification shall have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the disclosed compositions and methods belong. It should be further understood in this specification that, for example, terms defined in commonly used dictionaries should be interpreted as having a meaning consistent with the meaning in this specification and the relevant technical field, and should not be interpreted based on an idealized meaning or an overly formal meaning, unless explicitly defined in this specification.

[0019] In this specification, a plurality of items, structural elements, components and / or materials may be presented together in a common list for convenience. However, these lists should be construed as if each component were identified as a separate and independent element. Thus, no individual element of such a list should be construed as a de facto equivalent of other elements in the same list solely because it is presented as part of a common group, unless there is a contrary indication.

[0020] In this invention, concentration, quantity, and other numerical data may be expressed or presented in range format. Such range format is used only for convenience and conciseness and should therefore be interpreted flexibly. It should be understood that not only the numerical values ​​explicitly stated as limits of the range, but also all individual numerical values ​​or subranges included within that range are included as if each numerical value and subrange were explicitly stated. For example, a numerical range of "approximately 1" to "approximately 5" is interpreted to include not only the explicitly stated numerical values ​​from approximately 1 to approximately 5, but also the individual numerical values ​​and subranges within that range. Thus, this numerical range includes individual values ​​such as 2, 3, and 4, as well as subranges such as 1-3, 2-4, 3-5, approximately 1-3, 1-3, and approximately 1-3, and further includes the individual values ​​of 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 themselves. A similar principle applies to ranges in which only one numerical value is stated as the minimum or maximum value. The range should be interpreted as including the endpoints (for example, if a range is described as "approximately 1 to 3," that range includes the endpoints 1 and 3, as well as the numbers in between). Furthermore, this interpretation should apply regardless of the width or range of the described characteristic.

[0021] In the present disclosure, materials and components that are usable, combinable, preparable for use, or are products thereof in the disclosed compositions and methods are disclosed. When these and other materials are disclosed herein and combinations, subsets, interactions, groups, etc. of these materials are disclosed, each individual combination and permutation is contemplated and understood to be described herein even if not explicitly disclosed. For example, when a temperature-responsive polymer is disclosed and a plurality of different additives are discussed, every combination of the temperature-responsive polymer and the additives is contemplated unless the contrary is indicated. For example, if a group of temperature-responsive polymers A, B, and C is disclosed and a group of additives D, E, and F is disclosed and as an example the combination A+D is disclosed, each combination is contemplated individually and collectively even if not individually described. Thus, in this example, each combination of A+E, A+F, B+D, B+E, B+F, C+D, C+E, and C+F is contemplated and should be understood from the disclosure of A, B, and C, D, E, and F, and the exemplary combination A+D. Similarly, these subsets and combinations are also contemplated and disclosed. Thus, for example, subgroups of A+E, B+F, and C+E are contemplated and should be understood from the disclosure of A, B, and C, D, E, and F, and the exemplary combination A+D. This concept applies to all aspects of the disclosure including, but not limited to, steps in the methods of making and using the disclosed compositions. Thus, if there are various additional steps that are practicable for a particular aspect or combination of aspects of the disclosed method, each combination is contemplated and understood to be disclosed.

[0022] In this specification and the appended claims that follow, reference is made to several terms, which are defined as having the following meanings.

[0023] In this specification and the appended claims, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" are to be used with the plural form unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Therefore, for example, when referring to "additives," this includes two or more additives, or mixtures thereof.

[0024] "Optional" or "optionally" means that the event or situation described thereafter may or may not occur, and the description includes both cases in which the event or situation occurs and cases in which it does not occur.

[0025] As used herein, “comprising” is to be interpreted as identifying the presence of a described feature, element, step, or component, but not as excluding the presence or addition of one or more features, elements, steps, or components, or groups thereof. Furthermore, the terms “by,” “comprising,” “comprises,” “comprised of,” “including,” “includes,” “included,” “involving,” “involves,” “involved,” and “such as” are used in an open and non-restrictive sense and are mutually interchangeable. In addition, the term “comprising” is intended to include examples and aspects that are encompassed by the terms “consisting essentially of” and “consisting of.” Similarly, the term “consisting essentially of” is intended to include examples that are encompassed by the term “consisting of.”

[0026] In this specification, ratios, concentrations, quantities, and other numerical data can be expressed in range form. Furthermore, it is understood that each endpoint of a range is important whether it is related to or independent of the other endpoint. Furthermore, it is understood that multiple numerical values ​​are disclosed in this specification, and each numerical value is disclosed not only as the numerical value itself but also as a value obtained by adding "approximately" to that numerical value. For example, if the numerical value "10" is disclosed, "approximately 10" will also be disclosed. Ranges can be expressed as "approximately" from one specific value and / or "approximately" to another specific value. Similarly, when a value is expressed as an approximation by using the preceding term "approximately," it is understood that the specific value forms a further aspect. For example, if the value "approximately 10" is disclosed, "10" will also be disclosed.

[0027] Where a range is expressed, further aspects include including a range from and / or to a specific value. For example, if a stated range includes one or both of the limit values, the range excluding one or both of those limit values ​​is also included in this disclosure. For example, the expression "from x to y" includes the range "from x to y" as well as the range "greater than x and less than y". A range can also be expressed as an upper limit, for example, the expression "about x, y, z or less than or equal to them" should be interpreted as including the specific ranges "about x", "about y", and "about z", as well as the ranges "less than x", "less than y", and "less than z". Similarly, the expression "about x, y, z or greater than or equal to them" should be interpreted as including the specific ranges "about x", "about y", and "about z", as well as the ranges "greater than x", "greater than y", and "greater than z". Furthermore, in the expression "about x to y", if x and y are numerical values, it includes "about x to about y".

[0028] Such range formats should be understood as being used for convenience and brevity, and therefore should be interpreted flexibly to include not only the numerical limits explicitly stated as the range limits, but also all individual numerical values ​​or subranges contained within that range, as if each were explicitly stated. For example, the numerical range "approximately 0.1% to 5%" should be interpreted to include not only the explicitly stated numerical values ​​from approximately 0.1% to approximately 5%, but also individual numerical values ​​(e.g., approximately 1%, approximately 2%, approximately 3%, and approximately 4%), and subranges within the indicated range (e.g., approximately 0.5% to approximately 1.1%, approximately 0.5% to approximately 2.4%, approximately 0.5% to approximately 3.2%, approximately 0.5% to approximately 4.4%, and other possible subranges).

[0029] As used herein, “about,” “approximate,” “at or about,” and “substantially” mean that the quantity or value in question may be an exact value, or a value that gives an equivalent result or effect as described in the claims or herein. That is, quantities, sizes, formulations, parameters, and other quantities or characteristics do not need to be exact, may be approximate, or may be larger or smaller if desired, and it is understood that an equivalent result or effect can be obtained by reflecting tolerances, conversion factors, rounding, measurement errors, and other factors known to those skilled in the art. In some cases, it may not be possible to reasonably determine a value that gives an equivalent result or effect. In such cases, “about” and “at or about” in this specification are generally understood to mean a variation of ±10% of the nominal value shown, unless otherwise indicated or estimated. Generally, quantities, sizes, proportions, parameters, and other quantities or characteristics are considered to be "about," "approximate," or "at or about," even if not explicitly stated. In this specification, when "about," "approximate," or "at or about" is used before a quantitative value, the parameter is understood to include the specific quantitative value itself, unless otherwise specified.

[0030] As used herein, the term "alkyl group" means a branched or unbranched saturated hydrocarbon group consisting of 1 to 10 carbon atoms, such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, t-butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, and decyl.

[0031] In this specification and in the claims, the residues of chemical species refer to the portion produced as a result of the chemical species in a particular reaction pathway or subsequent formulation or chemical product, regardless of whether they were actually obtained from the chemical species. For example, the acrylic acid residues in copolymers used herein refer to one or more -CH2CH(CO2H)- units in the copolymer, regardless of whether acrylic acid was used to produce the copolymer.

[0032] In this invention, the term "polymer" may refer to a homopolymer, copolymer, ternary copolymer, or other polypolymer, or a mixture thereof.

[0033] The term "vinyl polymer" as used in this invention encompasses all polymers derived from vinyl monomers and having a main chain composed of covalently bonded carbon atoms. A vinyl polymer may be a homopolymer, a copolymer having two or more constituent monomer groups, a crosslinked polymer, or a mixture thereof. In a crosslinked vinyl polymer, the main chain may not be composed solely of covalently bonded carbon atoms, or the main chain region may not be composed solely of covalently bonded carbon atoms.

[0034] In this invention, the term "lower critical solution temperature (LCST)" or "lower critical dissolution temperature" refers to the critical temperature at which a temperature-responsive polymer is miscible in all compositions.

[0035] As used in this invention, the term "admixing" is defined as mixing two or more components without chemical reaction or physical interaction. The term "admixing" also includes chemical reactions or physical interactions between two or more components.

[0036] The terms "subject" or "individual" as used in this invention encompass mammals. Examples of non-limiting mammals include humans, dogs, cats, and mice (including transgenic and non-transgenic mice). The methods described herein may be useful for both human therapeutic, preclinical, and veterinary applications. In some embodiments, the subject is a mammal, and in some embodiments, the subject is a human.

[0037] As used in this invention, “instruction(s)” means a document describing the materials or methodology related to the kit. These materials may include any combination of background information, a list of components and their availability information (such as purchase information), a simple or detailed protocol for using the kit, troubleshooting, references, technical support, and other related documents. Instructions may be provided with the kit, or as a separate component, and may be in paper form, on a computer-readable storage medium, downloadable from an internet website, or in the form of a recorded presentation. Instructions may consist of one or more documents and may include future updates.

[0038] Coating composition The coating compositions described herein can be applied to a variety of different substrates. The coating compositions can be used as decorative or protective layers in various applications and formulations, such as cosmetics. In some respects, the coating compositions comprise a solvent, one or more polymers, and optional additives for improving or modifying the properties of the coating composition, such as mechanical properties, rheological properties, appearance, and environmental sensitivity.

[0039] copolymer The coating compositions described herein comprise one or more polymers. In one aspect, the coating compositions comprise one or more copolymers. A copolymer is a polymer in which two or more different types of monomers are bonded within the same polymer chain. In one embodiment, the compositions described herein comprise block copolymers. Block copolymers are composed of blocks of different polymerization monomers. In one aspect, the topical compositions described herein comprise random copolymers. Random copolymers are composed of repeating units irregularly dispersed along a linear chain. In one aspect, the topical compositions described herein comprise crosslinked copolymers. Crosslinked copolymers are polymers linked to each other by covalent bonds, ionic bonds, or hydrogen bonds.

[0040] In one aspect, one or more polymers in the coating composition are vinyl copolymers. Vinyl copolymers have a carbon-carbon main chain. The monomers used to produce the copolymer may be regularly arranged, irregularly distributed, or a combination of regularly and irregularly arranged. This can take the form of a block copolymer, a random copolymer, or a graft copolymer.

[0041] In some respects, the vinyl polymers described herein can be combined to form compositions having two or more different polymers. For example, by combining the vinyl polymers described above, block copolymers, random copolymers, and crosslinked copolymers can be produced.

[0042] In one aspect, the vinyl copolymer comprises alkyl acrylate and acrylamide. In another aspect, the vinyl copolymer comprises (1) one or more alkyl acrylates and (2) residues of acrylamide, methacrylamide, alkylacrylamide, dialkylacrylamide, alkylmethacrylamide, dialkylmethacrylamide, or any combination thereof. In yet another aspect, the vinyl copolymer comprises residues of alkyl acrylate and alkylacrylamide (e.g., methacrylamide). In yet another aspect, the vinyl copolymer comprises residues of alkyl acrylate and N-alkylacrylamide (N-isopropylmethacrylamide).

[0043] Solubility, durability, and gloss can be controlled by different monomer combinations. On one hand, alkyl acrylates can improve the durability of glossy acrylamide polymers. For example, a homopolymer of butyl acrylate, when produced by radical polymerization in THF (Tetrahydrofuran), is rubbery and flexible. A homopolymer of N-isopropylacrylamide is glossy but brittle. By combining these two monomers, a highly glossy and flexible film can be obtained. On another hand, additional monomers can be included in the copolymer structure to provide further improvements in appearance, chemical properties, or mechanical properties.

[0044] Additional monomers can improve the chemical properties of the polymers described above. For example, acrylic acid can improve adhesion to surfaces. Also, under suitable conditions in the presence of water, acrylic acid can lower the pH of the coating. This can improve the adhesion of the coating to various surfaces and provide specific removal behavior. For example, by using a removal solution containing a base that reacts with the acrylic acid monomer, the film can be embrittled and made easier to remove.

[0045] Additional monomers can improve the strength and durability of the copolymer present in the coating composition. For example, polymethyl methacrylate is a transparent thermoplastic resin with rigidity and chemical resistance. By incorporating methyl methacrylate monomers into the copolymers described herein, water resistance, surface hardness, and flexibility can be improved. Many acrylamides and N-alkylacrylamides absorb water or interact with water to some extent. Methyl methacrylate helps limit the amount of these interactions in the coating film.

[0046] In one aspect, alkyl acrylates are C1-C 18 These are alkyl acrylates. Examples of alkyl acrylates, though not limited to them, include methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, propyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, pentyl acrylate, hexyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, styrene acrylate, heptyl acrylate, octyl acrylate, nonyl acrylate, decyl acrylate, undecyl acrylate, dodecyl acrylate, hexadecyl acrylate, stearyl acrylate, lauryl acrylate, t-butyl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate, isobornyl acrylate, and any combination thereof.

[0047] In another aspect, the copolymer comprises residues of N-methylacrylamide, N-ethylacrylamide, N-isopropylacrylamide, N-butylacrylamide, N-tert-butylacrylamide, N-methylmethacrylamide, N-ethylmethacrylamide, N-isopropylmethacrylamide, N-butylmethacrylamide, N-tert-butylmethacrylamide, and any combination thereof.

[0048] In another respect, copolymers include monomer residues having additional functional groups, such as hydroxyl groups, to improve solubility or compatibility in coating compositions. One example is hydroxyethylacrylamide.

[0049] In some respects, the copolymer contains alkyl acrylate and alkyl acrylamide residues. Certain alkyl acrylamides improve gloss and hardness, while certain alkyl acrylates improve plasticity and durability. Combining these components allows for further adjustment of the polymer's solubility, which is a crucial parameter for coating properties, determining not only the volatile solvents used in the formulation but also the compatibility of additional components. In one respect, the copolymer contains N-isopropyl acrylamide, butyl acrylate, and acrylic acid residues. In another respect, the copolymer contains N-isopropyl methacrylamide, butyl acrylate, and acrylic acid residues. In yet another respect, the copolymer contains N-isopropyl methacrylate and ethylhexyl acrylate residues. In yet another respect, the copolymer contains N-isopropyl methacrylate, ethylhexyl acrylate, and acrylic acid residues.

[0050] In one aspect, the copolymer in the coating composition is selected from the following: poly(butylacrylate / acrylamide), poly(ethylhexylacrylate / acrylamide), poly(butylacrylate / acrylic acid), poly(butylacrylate / N-isopropylacrylamide), poly(butylacrylate / N-isopropylacrylamide / acrylamide), poly(ethylhexylacrylate / N-isopropylacrylamide), poly(ethylhexylacrylate / N-isopropylacrylamide / acrylic acid), poly(ethylhexylacrylate / N-isopropylacrylamide / methyl methacrylate), poly(ethylhexylacrylate / N-isopropylacrylamide / acrylic acid), poly(ethylhexylacrylate / N-isopropylacrylamide / acrylic acid / methyl methacrylate), poly(butylacrylate / N-butylacrylamide) Poly(butylacrylate / N-butylacrylamide / acrylamide), poly(ethylhexylacrylate / N-butylacrylamide), poly(ethylhexylacrylate / N-butylacrylamide / acrylic acid), poly(ethylhexylacrylate / N-butylacrylamide / methyl methacrylate), poly(ethylhexylacrylate / N-butylacrylamide / acrylic acid), poly(ethylhexylacrylate / N-isopropylacrylamide / acrylic acid / methyl methacrylate), poly(N-isopropylacrylamide / dodecylacrylate), poly(ethylhexylacrylate / N-isopropylacrylamide / acrylic acid / methyl methacrylate / methacrylic acid), poly(stearylacrylate / N-isopropylacrylamide / methyl methacrylate), poly(stearylacrylate / ethylhexylacrylate / N-isopropylacrylamide).

[0051] In one aspect, the copolymer contains alkyl methacrylamide and at least two C1-C18 alkyl acrylate residues. In another aspect, the copolymer contains N-isopropyl methacrylamide, dodecyl acrylate, and ethylhexyl acrylate residues. In yet another aspect, the copolymer contains N-isopropyl methacrylamide, dodecyl acrylate, and ethylhexyl acrylate residues and is crosslinked with a crosslinking agent (e.g., polyethylene glycol diacrylate). In yet another aspect, the molar ratio of N-isopropyl methacrylamide to the sum of dodecyl acrylate and ethylhexyl acrylate is 1:1 to 3:1, or 1:1, 1.5:1, 2:1, 2.5:1, or 3:1, with any value being the lower and upper endpoints of the range (e.g., 2:1 to 2.5:1).

[0052] In some respects, the properties of the film produced by the coating composition (including, but not limited to, strength, appearance, adhesion, removal behavior, and hardness) can be modified by including additional monomers in the copolymer. Selected examples include acrylic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid, tetrabutylammonium 4-styrenesulfonate, methyl methacrylate, vinyl acetate, methacrylic acid, ethyl maleate, isopropyl maleate, butyl maleate, isobornyl acrylate, isobornyl methacrylate, styrene, N-isopropyl methacrylamide, and dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, or any combination thereof.

[0053] In one aspect, the copolymer comprises at least one residue of a monomer from group (a) and at least one residue of a monomer from group (b). a. Acrylamide, methacrylamide, alkylacrylamide, dialkylacrylamide, alkylmethacrylamide, dialkylmethacrylamide, or any combination thereof. b. One or more alkyl acrylates

[0054] In one aspect, residues from group (a) account for approximately 40 mol% to approximately 90 mol% of the copolymer. In another aspect, residues from group (a) are approximately 40 mol%, 45 mol%, 50 mol%, 55 mol%, 60 mol%, 65 mol%, 70 mol%, 75 mol%, 80 mol%, 85 mol%, or 90 mol%, with any value being the lower and upper endpoints of the range (e.g., approximately 50 mol% to approximately 75 mol%).

[0055] In one aspect, residues from group (b) account for more than 0 mol% to approximately 40 mol% of the copolymer. In another aspect, residues from group (b) are greater than 0 mol%, 5 mol%, 10 mol%, 15 mol%, 20 mol%, 25 mol%, 30 mol%, 35 mol%, or 40 mol%, with any value being the lower and upper endpoints of the range (e.g., 20 mol% to 35 mol%).

[0056] In one respect, the copolymer is a temperature-responsive copolymer comprising a first monomer and a second monomer. In one respect, the first monomer is N-isopropylacrylamide, and the second monomer is a C1-C10 alkyl acrylate, methacrylate, or a mixture thereof, such as methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, ethylhexyl acrylate, propyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, stearyl acrylate, dodecyl acrylate, pentyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, propyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, pentyl methacrylate, and the like.

[0057] In one aspect, the first monomer accounts for approximately 99 mol% to approximately 50 mol% of the copolymer. In another aspect, the first monomer accounts for approximately 99 mol% to approximately 60 mol%, approximately 99 mol% to approximately 70 mol%, or approximately 90 mol% to approximately 40 mol% of the copolymer.

[0058] In one aspect, the second monomer accounts for approximately 0.5 mol% to approximately 40 mol% of the copolymer. In another aspect, the second monomer accounts for approximately 5 mol% to approximately 20 mol%, approximately 10 mol% to approximately 30 mol%, or approximately 15 mol% to approximately 35 mol% of the copolymer.

[0059] In another aspect, a third monomer is incorporated into the copolymer, and the third monomer is different from the first and second monomers. In one aspect, the third monomer is selected from methyl methacrylate, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, acrylamide, isobornyl methacrylate, hexyl acrylate, stearyl acrylate, dodecyl acrylate, or similar alkyl acrylates. In one aspect, the third monomer accounts for about 1 mol% to about 40 mol% of the copolymer. In another aspect, the third monomer accounts for about 1 mol% to about 20 mol%, about 10 mol% to about 30 mol%, or about 5 mol% to about 15 mol%.

[0060] In another aspect, a fourth monomer is incorporated into the copolymer, and the fourth monomer is different from the first, second, and third monomers. In one aspect, the fourth monomer is selected from methyl methacrylate, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, acrylamide, isobornyl methacrylate, hexyl acrylate, stearyl acrylate, dodecyl acrylate, or similar alkyl acrylates. In one aspect, the fourth monomer accounts for about 1 mol% to about 40 mol%. In another aspect, the fourth monomer accounts for about 1 mol% to about 20 mol%, about 10 mol% to about 30 mol%, or about 5 mol% to about 15 mol%.

[0061] In some aspects, the copolymer contains one or more crosslinked monomers. These monomers have two or more vinyl functional groups that enable the linking of multiple polymer chains. Glycol diacrylates, other diacrylates, and bisacrylamides are examples of some crosslinked monomers being used. In some embodiments, these monomers consist of polyethylene glycol diacrylate, bisacrylamide, and methylenebisacrylamide.

[0062] In some respects, the copolymer may be crosslinked before coating, but only to the extent that it is easily coatable and the desired appearance is not lost. The polymer structure is selected such that its molecular chain length is greater than its entanglement length.

[0063] In another aspect, the coating composition comprises multiple copolymers, each consisting of a mixture of linear chains and a small amount of crosslinked chains. In this case, the supporting crosslinked polymer may have up to 10 mol% of a covalent crosslinking agent in the polymer main chain.

[0064] In some respects, copolymers have a weight-average molecular weight of approximately 1,000 to approximately 1,000,000 daltons. In some respects, when two copolymers are used, the first copolymer and the second copolymer have a number-average molecular weight of approximately 1,000 to approximately 1,000,000 daltons. In other respects, copolymers have a weight-average molecular weight of approximately 10,000 to 300,000 daltons.

[0065] In one respect, the crosslinking agent accounts for more than 0 mol% to about 35 mol% of the copolymer. In another respect, the crosslinking agent accounts for more than 0 mol%, about 5 mol% to about 20 mol%, about 10 mol% to about 30 mol%, or about 15 mol% to about 35 mol% of the copolymer.

[0066] In one aspect, the copolymer constitutes about 5% to about 50% by weight of the coating composition. In another aspect, the copolymer constitutes about 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, or 50% by weight of the coating composition, with any value being the lower and upper endpoints of the range (e.g., about 25% to about 45%).

[0067] Copolymers used for coatings are prepared using several polymerization methods, including atom transfer radical polymerization, reversible addition-cleavage chain transfer, and radical polymerization. Non-limiting procedures for producing copolymers are shown in the examples.

[0068] solvent The coating compositions described herein include a solvent that enables the formation of a film and provides a medium for the coating mixture. While not intended to be constrained by theory, the copolymer remains after the evaporation of the solvent, forming a coating layer together with other non-volatile components in the mixture. Some residual solvent may remain trapped or absorbed within the polymer film.

[0069] In one respect, the solvent is a polar organic solvent, water, or any combination thereof. In another respect, the solvent is an alcohol such as, for example, ethyl alcohol, methyl alcohol, isopropanol, sec-butanol, n-butanol, iso-butanol, acetone, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, 1-methoxy-2-propanol, diacetone alcohol, anisole, propyl acetate, toluene, xylene, methyl ethyl ketone, water, propylene glycol, glycerin, propylene carbonate, dimethyl glutarate, dimethyl adipate, methyl soyate, 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol monoisobutyrate, denatured alcohol, diacetone alcohol, 1-methoxy, dimethoxypropanol, ethoxypropanol, etc., or any combination thereof.

[0070] In one respect, a combination of two or more solvents can be used to adjust the curing time of the coating. A typical curing time can be estimated by comparing the evaporation rates of the two solvents. For example, the combination of ethyl acetate and butyl acetate has evaporation rates of 5.5 and 1, respectively, on a comparative scale based on butyl acetate, allowing for relatively fast curing while also ensuring sufficient working time during application.

[0071] In another respect, the solvents include secondary solvents such as diacetone alcohol, 1-methoxy-2-propanol, propylene glycol, glycerin, propylene carbonate, dimethyl glutarate, dimethyl adipate, methyl soyate, and 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol monoisobutyrate.

[0072] In one aspect, the solvent constitutes about 40% to about 90% by weight of the coating composition. In another aspect, the solvent constitutes about 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, or 90% by weight of the coating composition, with any value being the lower and upper endpoints of the range (e.g., about 45% to about 75%).

[0073] Secondary polymers In some respects, the coating compositions described herein include one or more secondary polymers. The secondary polymers may impart additional properties to the coating composition, such as strength, flexibility, gloss, hardness, pigment dispersibility, or removeability.

[0074] In one aspect, the secondary polymers are polyesters, alkyds, polyurethanes, tosylamide formaldehyde resins, acrylic resins, vinyl acetate / butyl maleate / IBA copolymers, imidized isobutylene / maleic anhydride copolymers, polyvinyl methyl ether / maleic acid copolymers, cellulose esters, rosinates, or any combination thereof.

[0075] In one respect, the secondary polymer is a cellulose ester, which includes cellulose butyrate acetate, nitrocellulose, cellulose propionate acetate, cellulose phthalate acetate, hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, or any combination thereof. These cellulose esters can be purchased or manufactured within the range of molecular weight and composition ratio. In one respect, the inclusion of cellulose esters in the coating composition may result in the film having further gloss and strength.

[0076] In another respect, other by-polymers can improve the strength of formulations that do not belong to the vinyl and cellulose ester systems. These include polyesters, polyurethanes, and silicones. Examples include poly(adipic acid / neopentyl glycol / trimellitic anhydride), poly(hexylene glycol / neopentyl glycol / adipic acid), saturated methylenediphenyl diisocyanate / dimethylolpropionic acid, amodimethicone, and dimethicone.

[0077] In one aspect, the secondary polymers constitute about 0.5% to about 20% by weight of the coating composition. In another aspect, the secondary polymers constitute about 0.5%, about 2%, about 4%, about 6%, about 8%, about 10%, about 12%, about 14%, about 16%, about 18%, or about 20% by weight of the coating composition, with any value being the lower and upper endpoints of the range (e.g., about 6% to about 12%).

[0078] additives The coating compositions described herein include one or more additives. Additives may modify the physical properties, chemical properties, or health benefits of the coating. In one aspect, when the coating composition is for external use, additives may include polymers, rheological modifiers, suspending agents, dispersants, wetting agents, low vapor pressure solvents, plasticizers, pigments, effect powders, fragrances, antimicrobial agents, emollients, emulsifiers, solubilizers, humectants, stabilizers, release agents, lipids or oils, vitamins, biomolecules, essential oils, fragrances, preservatives, thickeners, coloring additives, pH adjusters, surfactants, or any combination thereof.

[0079] The amount of additives in the total composition may vary. On one hand, the weight percentage of any one additive does not exceed 10% of the total coating composition. On the other hand, additives may occupy about 0.5% by weight, about 1% by weight, about 2% by weight, about 3% by weight, about 4% by weight, about 5% by weight, about 6% by weight, about 7% by weight, about 8% by weight, about 9% by weight, or about 10% by weight of the coating composition, with any value being the lower and upper limits of the range (e.g., about 3% by weight to about 7% by weight).

[0080] When a coating composition is used to give a desired color or appearance, one or more pigments are incorporated into the coating composition. Examples of pigments, though not limited to them, include 3158TPLitholRubine BK, Carbon Black N330, Degussa Printex, Titanium Dioxide, D&C Brown No.1, D&C Black No.2, D&C Black No.3, 1104 Fast Yellow, 1283 Permanent Yellow HR, 1646 Medium Chrome Yellow, FD&C Yellow No.5, D&C Yellow No.5 Lake, D&C Yellow No.6 Lake, D&C Yellow No.7 Lake, D&C Yellow No.8, D&C Yellow No.10, D&C Yellow No.11, 3157 Vulcan Red LC, FD&C Red 3 Lake, FD&C Red 4 Lake, D&C Red No.4 Aluminum Lake, D&C Red No.6 Aluminum Lake, D&C Red No.6 Barium Lake, D&C Red No.7 Lake, D&C Red No.8 Lake, D&C Red No.9 Lake, D&C Red No.17, D&C Red No.21, and D&C Red No. 22, D&C Red No. 27 Lake, D&C Red No. 28, D&C Red No. 30 Lake, D&C Red No. 31, D&C Red No. 33 Lake, D&C Red No. 34 Lake, D&C Red No. 36 Lake, FD&C Red No. 40, 4421 Phthalocyanine Blue B Pigment, 4431 Phthalocyanine Blue BS Pigment, 4311 Sky Blue B Pigment, FD&C Blue 1 Lake, D&C Blue No. 4, 5319 Fast Green Lake Pigment, 5406 Phthalocyanine Green G Pigment, 3327 Basic Rhodamine BG Lake Pigment, FD&C Green No. 3, D&C Green No. 3 Lake, D&C Green No. 5, D&C Green No. 6, D&C Green No. 8, 6360 Fast Violet Lake Pigment, D&CThis includes Violet No. 2, D&C Orange No. 4 Lake, D&C Orange No. 5 Aluminum Lake, D&C Orange No. 5 Zirconium Lake, D&C Orange No. 10 Aluminum Lake, D&C Orange No. 11, D&C Orange No. 17 Lake, various shades of iron oxide, manganese violet, silver nitrate, ultramarine, zinc oxide, ferric ammonium ferrocyanide, ferric ferrocyanide, aluminum powder, bismuth oxychloride, copper powder, chromium hydroxide green, chromium oxide green, silver, mica, or any combination thereof.

[0081] In another respect, additional effect pigments are included, such as mica, pearl, glitter, metallic flakes, glass, additional pigments, or any combination thereof.

[0082] In one aspect, the pigment accounts for about 0.5% to about 10% by weight of the total weight of the coating composition. In another aspect, the pigment accounts for about 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, or 10% by weight of the coating composition, with any value being the lower and upper endpoints of the range (e.g., about 3% to about 7%).

[0083] In one aspect, the pigment is present in a dispersion. In another aspect, the pigment is first pulverized in a plasticizer (e.g., triethylacetyl citrate) and then dispersed in a pre-prepared suspension of silica and bentonite in alcohol (e.g., ethanol).

[0084] In one respect, suspending agents and rheological modifiers may be used to prevent pigment sedimentation. In another respect, fillers such as hectorite, stearalkonium hectorite, bentonite, stearalkonium bentonite, silica, hydrophobic fumed silica, hydrophilic fumed silica, silica dimethyl silylate, organic affinity phyllosilicate, kaolin clay, halloysite, montmorillonite, or any combination thereof may be used.

[0085] In one aspect, the filler includes glass microspheres. While we do not wish to be bound by theory, glass microspheres may reduce or prevent cracking after the coating composition has been applied. In another aspect, the filler includes barium sulfate. While we do not wish to be bound by theory, barium sulfate may improve color uniformity and opacity while reducing the occurrence of streaks in light colors.

[0086] In one aspect, the filler accounts for approximately 0.5% to 10% by weight of the total weight of the coating composition. In another aspect, the filler accounts for approximately 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, or 10% by weight of the coating composition, with any value being the lower and upper endpoints of the range (e.g., approximately 3% to 7%).

[0087] In some aspects, dispersants and wetting agents are used to improve the uniformity of the coating and prevent aggregation. Examples include, but are not limited to, glycols, surfactants, ethoxylated alcohols, polymeric wetting agents such as ethylene oxide-propylene oxide block copolymers, and silicones. In some embodiments, the wetting agent in the coating is styrene / acrylate copolymer, acrylic block copolymer, ethylene oxide / propylene oxide block copolymer, stearic acid, jojoba esters, glycerol, propylene glycol, ethylene glycol, lactone-type sophorolipid, cocoamidopropyl dimethylamine, alpha-arbutin, cocamidopropylamine oxide, 2-octyldodecyl 2-ethylhexanoate, 1,2,3-trilinolenoylglycerol, cyclopentanecarboxylate sodium lauryl sulfate, octylphenol ethoxylate, polysorbate 20, dimethicone, amodimethicone, or any combination thereof.

[0088] In some respects, low vapor pressure solvents are used to improve the durability of coatings, act as associative agents, impart shrinkage resistance, or alter the application quality of coating compositions. Examples, but not limited to, include propylene carbonate, dimethyl glutarate, dimethyl adipate, methyl soyate, 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol monoisobutyrate, dimethyl sulfoxide, or any combination thereof.

[0089] In some respects, plasticizers are incorporated to improve the flexibility or crack resistance of coatings. Examples include, but are not limited to, tributyl acetyl citrate, tributyl citrate, triethyl citrate, dimethyl adipate, glycerin, propylene glycol, ethylene glycol monolicinolate, 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol monoisobutyrate, bis(2-ethylhexyl) sebacate, diisopropyl sebacate, toridodecyl phosphate, dimethyl adipate, lavender essential oil, jojoba oil, argan oil, essential oils, vegetable oils, or any combination thereof. Some surfactants, resins, and other components with low vapor pressure described elsewhere in this specification are also suitable as plasticizers.

[0090] In one respect, the additives are antimicrobial agents and include, but are not limited to, tetrasodium EDTA, disodium EDTA, phenoxyethanol, diazolidinyl urea, iodopropynyl butylcarbamate, Lactobacillus and Cocos nucifera (coconut) fruit extracts, leuconostoc ferment filtrate, benzyl alcohol, salicylic acid, glycerin, sorbic acid, gluconolactone, rowan fruit ferment filtrate, caprylic glycol, elderberry fruit extract, or any combination thereof.

[0091] In one aspect, additives are emollients and include, but are not limited to, shea butter, cocoa butter, mineral oil, lanolin, petrolatum, paraffin, beeswax, squalene, coconut, jojoba, sesame, avocado, argan, jojoba, almond, castor and other vegetable oils (hydrogenated or unhydrogenated), cetyl alcohol, olive oil (e.g., oleic acid), triethylhexanoin, carnauba wax, lauryl laurate, capryl triglyceride, cetanol / stearyl alcohol mixture, alkyl benzoate esters, glyceryl stearate, coceth-20, glycerin, hydroxyethylcellulose, potassium sorbate, sodium phytate, citric acid, Lactobacillus ferment, behenyl alcohol, Nereocystis luetkeana ferment filtrate, hydrogenated polyisobutene, or any combination thereof.

[0092] In one aspect, the additives are emulsifiers and include, but are not limited to, cetanol / stearyl alcohol mixtures, glyceryl stearate, sodium stearoyl lactylate, PEG-100 stearate, behentrimonium methosulfate, polysorbate, sodium acrylate, isohexadecane, acacia gum, PEG, PEG-7 glyceryl monococoate, PEG-40 hydrogenated castor oil, PEG distearate, sorbitan laurate, polyglyceryl laurate, dilauryl citrate, capryl triglyceride, cetaryl alcohol, sodium polyacrylate, ethylhexyl cocoate, PPG-3 benzyl ether myristic acid ester, or any combination thereof.

[0093] In one aspect, the additives are solubilizers and include, but are not limited to, capryl glucoside, ethoxydiglycol, sodium cocoyl glutamate, glyceryl caprylate, polyglyceryl-6 oleate, sodium surfactin, D-glucopyranose, decyl octyl glycoside, polyglyceryl caprylate, polyglyceryl caprate, polyglyceryl cocoate, polyglyceryl ricinolate, or any combination thereof.

[0094] In one respect, the additives are humectants and include, but are not limited to, propanediol, butylene glycol, ethoxydiglycol, ethylhexylglycerin, pentylene glycol, propylene glycol, silica gel, PPG-20 methyl glucose ether, glycerin, malic acid, honey, honey powder, or any combination thereof.

[0095] In one respect, the additives are stabilizers and include, but are not limited to, xanthan gum, glucose oxidase, sclerotium gum, behenyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, candelilla wax, arrowroot powder, vegetable wax, sorbitan olive, or any combination thereof.

[0096] In one respect, the additives are exfoliants and include, but are not limited to, salicylic acid, citric acid, glycolic acid, urea, plant powders, plant acids, glucosamine, plant extracts, enzyme products of bacterial fermentation, or any combination thereof.

[0097] In one aspect, the additive is a binder and is selected from acrylic polymers, alkyd resins, polyurethanes, vinyl acetates, epoxy, polyvinyl chloride, latex, chitosan, casein, rubber acrylic resins, or any combination thereof.

[0098] In one respect, additives are lipids or oils, including ceramides, blueberry seed oil, acacia seed oil, algae oil, almond oil, blackcurrant extract, blackberry seed oil, borage oil, jasmine oil, pomegranate seed oil, raspberry seed oil, other vegetable oils and extracts, cholesterol, phospholipids, linoleic acid, or any combination thereof.

[0099] In one respect, the additives are peptides, prepeptides, or other biomolecules, including collagen prepeptides, collagen, palmitoyl pentapeptide-4, palmitoyl oligopeptides, palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7, fermented peptide extracts, or peptides derived from plant extracts.

[0100] In one respect, the additive is a surfactant. In another respect, the surfactant is a nonionic surfactant. Examples of nonionic surfactants include condensation products obtained by condensing a higher alkyl alcohol (e.g., an aliphatic alcohol) having about 8 to about 20 carbon atoms in a linear or branched structure with about 3 to about 100 moles, preferably about 5 to about 40 moles, most preferably about 5 to about 20 moles, of ethylene oxide. Examples of such nonionic ethoxylated fatty alcohol surfactants include Union Carbide's Tergitol® 15-S series and ICI's Brij® surfactants. Tergitol 15-S surfactants include C11-C15 secondary alcohol polyethylene glycol ethers. Brij 97 surfactant is polyoxyethylene(10) oleyl ether, Brij 58 surfactant is polyoxyethylene(20) cetyl ether, and Brij 76 surfactant is polyoxyethylene(10) stearyl ether.

[0101] Other useful nonionic surfactants include polyethylene oxide condensates, which contain 1 mole of alkylphenol with approximately 6 to 12 carbon atoms in a linear or branched structure, condensed with ethylene oxide. Examples of nonreactive nonionic surfactants include the Igepal® CO and CA series from Rhone-Poulenc. Igepal CO surfactants include nonylphenoxypoly(ethyleneoxy)ethanol. Igepal CA surfactants include octylphenoxypoly(ethyleneoxy)ethanol.

[0102] Other useful hydrocarbon-based nonionic surfactants include block copolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide or butylene oxide. Examples of such nonionic block copolymer surfactants include BASF's Pluronic® and Tetronic® series surfactants. Pluronic surfactants include ethylene oxide-propylene oxide block copolymers. Tetronic surfactants include ethylene oxide-propylene oxide block copolymers.

[0103] In another respect, nonionic surfactants include sorbitan fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters, and polyoxyethylene stearates. Examples of such fatty acid ester-based nonionic surfactants include ICI's Span®, Tween®, and Myj® surfactants. Span surfactants contain C12-C18 sorbitan monoesters. Tween surfactants contain poly(oxyethylene oxide)C12-C18 sorbitan monoesters. Myj surfactants contain poly(oxyethylene oxide) stearates.

[0104] In one respect, nonionic surfactants include polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers, polyoxyethylene alkylphenyl ethers, polyoxyethylene acyl esters, sorbitan fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene alkylamines, polyoxyethylene alkylamides, polyoxyethylene lauryl ethers, polyoxyethylene cetyl ethers, polyoxyethylene stearyl ethers, polyoxyethylene oleyl ethers, polyoxyethylene octylphenyl ethers, polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ethers, polyethylene glycol laurate, polyethylene glycol stearate, polyethylene glycol distearate, polyethylene glycol This may include oleate, oxyethylene-oxypropylene block copolymer, sorbitan laurate, sorbitan stearate, sorbitan distearate, sorbitan oleate, sorbitan trioleate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan laurate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan stearate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan oleate, polyoxyethylene laurylamine, polyoxyethylene laurylamide, laurylamine acetate, hard beef tallow (beef fat) propylenediamine dioleate, ethoxylated tetramethyldecine diol, fluoroaliphatic polymer esters, polyether-polysiloxane copolymers, and similar materials.

[0105] In one aspect, pH adjusters are included in the coating compositions described herein. Examples include, but are not limited to, citric acid, sodium bicarbonate, alkyl silicate, magnesium hydroxide, triethanolamine, ammonia, aminomethylpropanol, sugaramine, protonated sugaramine, or any combination thereof.

[0106] In one aspect, color protectants are included in the coating compositions described herein. Examples include, but are not limited to, hydroxyphenylbenzotriazole, polymer compounds of dimethyl succinate and 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidineethanol, other oligomeric UV stabilizers, bisoctrizole, bemotoridinol, dimethyl(p-methoxybenzylidene)malonate, dioxybenzone, hindered amines, high molecular weight oligomeric hindered amines, various antioxidants, hydroxyacetophenone, dibutylhydroxytoluene, dibutylhydroxyanisole, vitamin E, other vitamins, plant extracts, green tea extract, rosemary extract, resveratrol, UV absorbers, benzophenone, ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate, ethylhexyl salicylate, avobenzone, homosalate, octocrylene, and combinations thereof.

[0107] In one respect, the coating compositions described herein and other coatings described in more detail below (e.g., base coats, protective coatings) may include additional components to improve the fragrance of the coating. These include synthetic and natural fragrances. In some embodiments, they include essential oils, aggregene, amber, ambergris, ambrette, amyris, benzoin, bergamot, carone, cashmeran, castorium, citron, civet, clary sage, coumarin, frangipani, frankincense, galbanum, guaiacwood, hedione, heliotrope, iso E super, jasmine, jasmine sambac, labdanum, mimosa, monoi, muguet, musk, myrrh, narcissus, neroli, oakmoss, opoponax, orris, oud, ozone, patchouli, rose, rose de Mai, sandalwood, tonka bean, tuberose, vanilla, vetiver, ylang-ylang, cedarwood, cardamom, lavender, tea tree, lemongrass, eucalyptus, hydrosols, plant waters, or combinations thereof.

[0108] In one aspect, the coatings described herein may include synthetic fragrances. Examples of synthetic fragrances include ethyl vanillin, heliotropin, ionone, aldehyde, carone, ambrox, ethyl maltol, myristic acid, 2-fluoraldehyde, δ-decalactone, δ-dodecalactone, 2-methyl-2-pentenoic acid, 2,4-decadienal, 5-methyl-2-phenyl-2-hexenal, acetaldehyde, acetylpropionyl, anisyl, capric acid, caprylic acid, cyclotene, methyl-3-nonenoate, ethyl-3-hydroxybutyrate, ethyl maltol, lactic acid, lauric acid, pulegon mercaptan, 4-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butanone, 4-hydroxy-2 ,5-dimethyl-3(2H)-furanone, triethylcitric acid, furanone, acetoin, 6-methylcoumarin, 4,5-dimethyl-3-hydroxy-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-one, 2,5-dimethyl-4-methoxy-3(2H)-furanone, 2-methoxy-4-methylphenol, 5-ethyl-3-hydroxy-4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, methyl caproate, ethyl oleate, methyl salicylate, γ-lactone 4-hydroxypentanoate, 5-ethyl-3-hydroxy-4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, 1,5,5,9-tetramethyl-13-oxatricyclo[8.3.0.[0] Tridecane, Maltol Isobutyrate, Diethyl Succinate, Phenylethyl Isothiocyanate, 4-Hydroxy-5-Methyl-3-(2H)-Furanone, 2-Ethyl-5-Methyl-4-Hydroxy-3(2H)-Furanone, Dihydrocoumarin, Ethyl-3-Hydroxycaproate, Furanone Acetate, Glyceryl Triacetate, 1-Octen-3-ol, 3-Hydroxy-2-Butanone, Popcorn Pyrimidine, 4-Hydroxy-2,5-Dimethyl-3(2H)-Furanone, 5-Methyl-2-Hepten-4-one, 4-Hydroxy-3-Methyl Examples include lactone cutanoate, 2-buten-1-one, 1-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1,3-cyclohexadien-1-yl)-3-cyclohexen-1-carboxaldehyde, 2,4-dimethyl, butylbutyryl lactate, 1,2-di-[(1-ethoxy)ethoxy]propane, 4-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclo-1-enyl)buta-2-en-4-one, succinic acid, terpineol, 3-methyl-5-cyclopentadecene-1-one, 5-methyl-2-propane-2-ylhex-2-enal, related aromatic compounds, or any combination thereof.

[0109] On one hand, oils, vitamins, peptides, proteins, and other health-beneficial ingredients are incorporated into the coating. In some embodiments, these include alpha-hydroxy acids, hyaluronic acid, retinol, salicylic acid, ceramides, sulfur, vitamin A, vitamin E, vitamin C, vitamin B, vitamin K, vitamin D, alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), calcium carbonate, calcium citrate, keratin, collagen, olive oil, rapeseed oil, jojoba oil, argan oil, essential oils, plant extracts, zinc gluconate, ferrous sulfate, magnesium oxide, phytosphingosine, tocopheryl acetate, ashwagandha, curcumin, amino acids, peptides, piperine, chavicin, keratin, horsetail extract, amla extract, chamomile extract, sea buckthorn oil, sea buckthorn extract, centella asiatica extract, pine bark extract, plum extract, coffee berry extract, and combinations thereof.

[0110] Preparation of coating composition Coating compositions and other coatings (e.g., base coats and protective coatings) are manufactured by mixing all components in a solvent. In one aspect, all components are mixed in the solvent for a sufficient time to dissolve or substantially dissolve all components.

[0111] Uses of coating compositions The coating compositions described herein can be used as protective or decorative layers on various surfaces and substrates. They can also be used for alternative functions such as friction reduction and delivery of therapeutic agents. Many embodiments of these coatings offer advantages over currently available coatings by removing harmful solvents, reducing odor, or facilitating removal. They also facilitate the incorporation of specific therapeutic or health-oriented components. In another aspect, the coating compositions can be recoated onto already painted substrates where the previous coating is chipped or faded.

[0112] The coating can be applied to any surface using a variety of technologies and equipment. Since the coating is a liquid or fluid substance before being applied to the skin surface, it can be applied using a dropper, pressurized dispenser, aerosol dispenser, brush, spray coating, or other equipment and methods suitable for supplying liquid to the surface.

[0113] In one respect, by laminating two or more layers of the coating composition described herein, desired effects such as sufficient hardness, gloss, or environmental resistance can be obtained.

[0114] The coating compositions described herein can be applied to a variety of different substrates. On the one hand, the coating compositions can be applied to non-biological substrates or articles, such as vehicles or buildings. On the other hand, the substrate may be a living object, such as a fingernail or toenail.

[0115] On one side, after being applied to the substrate, the coating composition becomes dry to the touch in less than 10 minutes and reaches 60% of its final hardness within 3 hours.

[0116] base coat In one aspect, the surface or substrate is coated with a base coat composition before applying the coating composition. In another aspect, the surface or substrate is coated with two or more layers of base coat composition before applying the coating composition. The base coat provides consistent performance of the coating composition even on different types of surfaces. Furthermore, the base coat can promote greater uniformity, gloss, or durability in the subsequently applied coating film.

[0117] In one aspect, the base coat composition comprises a solvent and a vinyl polymer, a polymer resin, or any combination thereof. In one aspect, the vinyl polymer may be any of the polymers included in the above coating composition. In one aspect, the polymer resin may be any of the secondary polymers described herein. In one aspect, the polymer resin is a polyester resin. In another aspect, the base coat composition comprises a vinyl polymer and a polyester resin.

[0118] On one hand, the vinyl polymer accounts for approximately 5% to 50% by weight of the base coat. On the other hand, the vinyl polymer accounts for approximately 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, or 50% by weight, where any value can be the lower and upper limit of the range (e.g., 15% to 30%).

[0119] In another aspect, the polymer resin accounts for approximately 0.5% to 10% by weight of the base coat. In another aspect, the polymer accounts for approximately 0.5% by weight, approximately 1% by weight, approximately 2% by weight, approximately 3% by weight, approximately 4% by weight, approximately 5% by weight, approximately 6% by weight, approximately 7% by weight, approximately 8% by weight, approximately 9% by weight, or approximately 10% by weight, where any value can be the lower and upper limit of the range (e.g., 2% to 6% by weight).

[0120] The base coat compositions described herein include a solvent that enables film formation and provides a medium for the coating mixture. In one aspect, the solvent is a polar organic solvent, water, or any combination thereof. In another aspect, the solvent is an alcohol such as, for example, ethyl alcohol, methyl alcohol, isopropanol, sec-butanol, n-butanol, isobutanol, acetone, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, 1-methoxy-2-propanol, diacetone alcohol, anisole, propyl acetate, toluene, xylene, methyl ethyl ketone, or any combination thereof.

[0121] In one aspect, the base coat solvent accounts for about 40% to about 90% by weight of the base coat composition. In another aspect, the solvent accounts for about 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, or 90% by weight, where any value can be the lower and upper limits of the range (e.g., 45% to 75%).

[0122] The base coat composition may contain one or more of the additives described above for the coating composition. In one aspect, the base coat composition may include therapeutic agents selected from the group consisting of vitamins, proteins, polysaccharides, salts, peptides, plant extracts, oils, hydrosols, or any combination thereof. In another aspect, the base coat composition may include humectants, release agents, dispersants, suspending agents, preservatives, thickeners, acids, bases, enzymes, fillers, colorants, pH adjusters, surfactants, salts, reactive species, or any combination thereof.

[0123] Protective coating In another aspect, a protective coating can be applied on the film formed by the coating composition to improve the durability and appearance of the applied coating composition. In yet another aspect, two or more layers of protective coating can be applied on the film formed by the coating composition. In one aspect, after being applied to a substrate having a film formed from the coating composition, the protective coating becomes dry to the touch in less than 10 minutes and reaches 60% of its final hardness within 3 hours.

[0124] In one aspect, the protective coating composition comprises a protective coating solvent and a cellulose ester or alkoxylated cellulose. In another aspect, the cellulose ester includes cellulose acetate butyrate, ethyl cellulose, cellulose propionate acetate, cellulose acetate phthalate, or nitrocellulose.

[0125] In one aspect, cellulose esters constitute about 5% to about 30% by weight of the protective coating composition. In another aspect, vinyl polymers constitute about 5%, about 10%, about 15%, about 20%, about 25%, or about 30% by weight, where any value can be the lower and upper limits of the range (e.g., 10% to 25%).

[0126] In another aspect, the protective coating composition may further include the secondary polymers described herein. In one aspect, the secondary polymers are selected from adipic acid / neopentyl glycol / trimellitic anhydride copolymer, adipic acid, adipic acid / (esterification reaction product of glycerin and coconut oil fatty acid) / 2,2'-(ethylamino)diethanol condensation polymer, tridecyl trimellitate, acrylic polymers, vinyl acetate / butyl maleate / IBA, imidized isobutylene / maleic anhydride copolymer, polyvinyl methyl ether / maleic acid copolymer, or any combination thereof.

[0127] The protective coating compositions described herein include a solvent that enables the formation of a film and provides a medium for the coating mixture. In one aspect, the solvent is a polar organic solvent, water, or any combination thereof. In another aspect, the solvent is an alcohol such as, for example, ethyl alcohol, methyl alcohol, isopropanol, sec-butanol, n-butanol, isobutanol, acetone, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, 1-methoxy-2-propanol, diacetone alcohol, anisole, propyl acetate, toluene, xylene, methyl ethyl ketone, water, propylene glycol, glycerin, propylene carbonate, dimethyl glutarate, dimethyl adipate, methyl soyate, 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol monoisobutyrate, denatured alcohol, diacetone alcohol, 1-methoxy, dimethoxypropanol, ethoxypropanol, or any combination thereof.

[0128] In one aspect, the protective coating solvent accounts for about 40% to about 90% by weight of the protective coating composition. In another aspect, the solvent accounts for about 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, or 90% by weight, where any value can be the lower and upper limits of the range (e.g., 45% to 75%).

[0129] The protective coating composition may contain one or more of the additives described above for the coating composition. In one aspect, the protective coating composition may include volatile solvents, low vapor pressure solvents, acrylic polymers, plasticizers, humectants, dispersants, suspending agents, lipids, oils, vitamins, minerals, biomolecules, essential oils, plant extracts, plant hydrosols, fragrances, preservatives, thickeners, colorants, pH adjusters, surfactants, or any combination thereof.

[0130] removal liquid The coatings obtained from the components of the coating compositions described herein can be easily removed from the substrate. In one respect, the coatings can be removed using a removal solution consisting of an organic solvent, water, or any combination thereof. The removal solution allows the coatings described herein to be removed from biological surfaces in a manner that reduces potential harm or provides therapeutic or cosmetic benefits.

[0131] In one respect, the removal solution is odorless. This characteristic is significantly different from 100% acetone, which is typically used to remove nail polish and other coatings. While we do not wish to be constrained by theory, the copolymer described herein is soluble in various alcohols, which enables removal using an odorless solvent.

[0132] In one aspect, the organic solvents in the removal solution include ethyl alcohol, methyl alcohol, isopropanol, sec-butanol, n-butanol, isobutanol, acetone, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, 1-methoxy-2-propanol, diacetone alcohol, anisole, propyl acetate, toluene, xylene, methyl ethyl ketone, water, propylene glycol, glycerin, propylene carbonate, dimethyl glutarate, dimethyl adipate, methyl soyate, 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol monoisobutyrate, denatured alcohol, diacetone alcohol, 1-methoxy, dimethoxypropanol, ethoxypropanol, or any combination thereof.

[0133] In one respect, the removal solution does not contain additional additives, such as water, propylene carbonate, dimethyl adipate, methyl thyate, 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol monoisobutyrate, polyols, vitamins, hydrosols, plant extracts, biomolecules, proteins, essential oils, fragrances, preservatives, or any combination thereof.

[0134] The polar properties of the removal solution facilitate the incorporation of the aforementioned beneficial components. In one aspect, the removal solution comprises propylene carbonate, dimethyl glutarate, dimethyl adipate, methyl soyate, 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol monoisobutyrate, dimethyl sulfoxide, or any combination thereof. In another aspect, the removal solution comprises therapeutic agents selected from the group consisting of vitamins, proteins, polysaccharides, salts, peptides, plant extracts, oils, hydrosols, or any combination thereof. In yet another aspect, the removal solution comprises humectants, exfoliants, dispersants, suspending agents, preservatives, thickeners, acids, bases, enzymes, fillers, colorants, pH adjusters, surfactants, salts, reactive species, or any combination thereof.

[0135] kit The coating composition and other compositions of the present invention (e.g., base coat, protective coating composition, remover) may be manufactured and sold as separate components.

[0136] In another aspect, the coating composition may be part of the kit. In one aspect, the kit includes one or more coating compositions of the present invention and an applicator. In one aspect, the applicator may include one or more brushes, stencils, stamps, or stickers. In another aspect, the kit may include an apparatus for polishing the surface of a substrate before applying the coating composition.

[0137] In another respect, the kit may include a base coat, a protective coating composition, a remover, or any combination thereof.

[0138] side Aspect 1. A coating composition comprising a solvent and a copolymer comprising at least one residue of a monomer from group (a) and one residue of a monomer from group (b). a. Acrylamide, methacrylamide, alkylacrylamide, dialkylacrylamide, alkylmethacrylamide, dialkylmethacrylamide, or any combination thereof; and b. One or more alkyl acrylates

[0139] Aspect 2. The coating composition of Aspect 1, wherein the monomer of group (a) is selected from the group consisting of N-methylacrylamide, N-ethylacrylamide, N-isopropylacrylamide, N-butylacrylamide, N-tert-butylacrylamide, N-methylmethacrylamide, N-ethylmethacrylamide, N-isopropylmethacrylamide, N-butylmethacrylamide, N-tert-butylmethacrylamide, and any combination thereof.

[0140] Side view 3. The alkyl acrylate is C6-C 18 A coating composition for side 1, which is an alkyl acrylate.

[0141] Side 4. The coating composition of Side 1, wherein the alkyl acrylate is selected from the group consisting of methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, propyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, pentyl acrylate, hexyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, styrene acrylate, heptyl acrylate, octyl acrylate, nonyl acrylate, decyl acrylate, undecyl acrylate, dodecyl acrylate, hexadecyl acrylate, stearyl acrylate, lauryl acrylate, t-butyl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate, isobornyl acrylate, and any combination thereof.

[0142] Aspect 5. A coating composition of any one of Aspects 1 to 4, wherein the copolymer further comprises residues selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid, tetrabutylammonium salt of 4-styrenesulfonate, methyl methacrylate, vinyl acetate, methacrylic acid, ethyl maleate, isopropyl maleate, butyl maleate, isobornyl acrylate, isobornyl methacrylate, styrene, N-isopropyl methacrylamide, and dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, or any combination thereof.

[0143] Side 6. The coating composition of Side 1, wherein the copolymer comprises residues from N-isopropylacrylamide, N-isopropylmethacrylamide, and alkyl acrylate.

[0144] Side 7. The coating composition of Side 1, wherein the copolymer comprises residues from N-isopropylacrylamide, butyl acrylate, and methyl methacrylate.

[0145] Side 8. The paint composition of Side 1, wherein the copolymer comprises residues from N-isopropyl methacrylamide, dodecyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, and acrylic acid.

[0146] Side 9. The coating composition of Side 1, wherein the copolymer comprises residues from N-isopropyl methacrylate, methyl methacrylate, and ethylhexyl acrylate.

[0147] Side 10. The coating composition of Side 1, wherein the copolymer comprises residues from N-isopropyl methacrylate, ethylhexyl acrylate, and acrylic acid.

[0148] Side 11. A coating composition on any one of sides 1 to 10, wherein the copolymer is crosslinked by covalent bonds.

[0149] Side 12. The coating composition of Side 11, wherein the covalent crosslinking agent is a bisacrylamide compound or a bisacrylate compound.

[0150] Side 13. The coating composition of Side 11, wherein the covalent crosslinking agent is selected from the group consisting of methylenebisacrylamide, polyethylene glycol diacrylate, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, N-(1-hydroxy-2,2-dimethoxyethyl)acrylamide, divinylbenzene, phenylenediacrylamide, diurethane dimethacrylate, and any combination thereof.

[0151] A coating composition on any one of sides 1 to 13, wherein the residues derived from group (a) constitute approximately 40 mol% to approximately 90 mol% of the polymer.

[0152] A coating composition on any one of sides 1 to 14, wherein the residues derived from side 15 of group (b) are greater than 0 mol% of the polymer and up to about 40 mol%.

[0153] Side 16. A coating composition of any one side of sides 1 to 15, wherein the copolymer further comprises residues selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid, methyl methacrylate, methacrylic acid, and dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, or any combination thereof, in an amount greater than 0 mol% and up to about 35 mol%.

[0154] Side 17. A coating composition of any one side of any one side of sides 1 to 16, wherein the copolymer further contains a covalent crosslinking agent in an amount greater than 0 mol% and up to about 35 mol%.

[0155] Side 18. A coating composition of any one side from sides 1 to 17, wherein the copolymer has an average molecular weight of about 1,000 daltons to about 1,000,000 daltons.

[0156] Side 19. A coating composition on any one side of sides 1 to 18, wherein the copolymer is present in an amount of about 5% to about 50% by weight of the coating composition.

[0157] Side 20. A coating composition of any one side from sides 1 to 19, wherein the solvent comprises a polar organic solvent, water, or a combination thereof.

[0158] Side 21. A coating composition of any one side from sides 1 to 19, wherein the solvent contains an alcohol.

[0159] Side 22. A coating composition of any one side from sides 1 to 19, wherein the solvent comprises ethyl alcohol, methyl alcohol, isopropanol, sec-butanol, n-butanol, iso-butanol, acetone, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, 1-methoxy-2-propanol, diacetone alcohol, anisole, propyl acetate, toluene, xylene, methyl ethyl ketone, or any combination thereof.

[0160] Side 23. A coating composition according to any one side of sides 19 to 22, wherein the solvent further comprises diacetone alcohol, 1-methoxy-2-propanol, propylene glycol, glycerin, propylene carbonate, dimethyl glutarate, dimethyl adipate, soybean oil methyl ester, and 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol monoisobutyrate.

[0161] Side 24. A coating composition of any one side from sides 1 to 23, wherein the solvent is present in an amount of about 40% to about 90% by weight of the paint composition.

[0162] Side 25. A coating composition according to any one side of sides 1 to 24, wherein the coating composition further contains a secondary polymer consisting of polyester, alkyd, polyurethane, tosylamideformaldehyde resin, acrylic resin, vinyl acetate / butyl maleate / IBA copolymer, imidized isobutylene / maleic anhydride copolymer, polyvinyl methyl ether / maleic acid copolymer, cellulose ester, rosinate, or any combination thereof.

[0163] Side 26. The coating composition of Side 25, wherein the coating composition further comprises a secondary polymer containing an ester or polyester, the ester or polyester containing an adipic acid / neopentyl glycol / trimellitic anhydride copolymer, hexanedioic acid, adipic acid / (esterification reaction product of glycerin and coconut oil fatty acid) / 2,2'-(ethylamino)diethanol condensate, tridecyl trimellitate, or any combination thereof.

[0164] Side 27. The coating composition of Side 25, wherein the coating composition further comprises a secondary polymer containing a cellulose ester, the cellulose ester containing cellulose butyrate acetate, nitrocellulose, cellulose propionate acetate, cellulose phthalate acetate, hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, or any combination thereof.

[0165] Side 28. A coating composition on any one side of sides 25 to 27, wherein the secondary polymer is present in an amount of about 0.5% to about 20% by weight of the coating composition.

[0166] Side 29. A coating composition of any one side of sides 1 to 28, further comprising a filler.

[0167] Side 30. The coating composition of Side 29, wherein the filler contains hectorite, stearalkonium hectorite, bentonite, stearalkonium bentonite, silica, hydrophobic fumed silica, hydrophilic fumed silica, silica dimethyl silylate, organic affinity phyllosilicate, kaolin clay, halloysite, montmorillonite, or any combination thereof.

[0168] Side 31. The coating composition of side 29, wherein the filler contains fumed silica and stearalkonium bentonite.

[0169] Side 32. A coating composition on any one side of sides 29 to 31, wherein the filler is present in an amount of about 0.5% to about 10% by weight of the paint composition.

[0170] Side 33. A coating composition from any one of sides 1 to 32, wherein the coating composition further comprises a pigment.

[0171] The coating composition of side 33 wherein the pigment is present in an amount of about 0.5% to about 10% by weight of the coating composition.

[0172] Side 35. A coating composition according to any one side of sides 1 to 34, wherein the coating composition further comprises a plasticizer, a humectant, a dispersant, a suspending agent, a lipid, an oil, a vitamin, a biomolecule, an essential oil, a plant extract, a plant-derived floral water, a fragrance, a preservative, a thickener, one or more coloring additives, a pH adjuster, a surfactant, or any combination thereof.

[0173] A kit comprising a coating composition for one of the sides 1 to 35 and an applicator.

[0174] Side 37. The kit of Side 36 further comprising a protective coating composition.

[0175] Side 38. The kit of Side 37, wherein the protective coating composition comprises a protective coating solvent and a cellulose ester.

[0176] Side 39. The kit of Side 37, wherein the solvent for the protective coating comprises a polar organic solvent, water, or any combination thereof.

[0177] Side 40. The kit of side 37, wherein the solvent for the protective coating contains alcohol.

[0178] Side 41. The kit of Side 37, wherein the solvent for the protective coating comprises ethyl alcohol, methyl alcohol, isopropanol, sec-butanol, n-butanol, isobutanol, acetone, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, 1-methoxy-2-propanol, diacetone alcohol, anisole, propyl acetate, toluene, xylene, methyl ethyl ketone, or any combination thereof.

[0179] Side 42. The kit of Side 37, wherein the solvent for the protective coating comprises ethyl alcohol, diacetone alcohol, 1-methoxy-2-propanol, or any combination thereof.

[0180] Side 43. A kit according to any one of sides 37 to 42, wherein the solvent for the protective coating is approximately 40% to approximately 90% by weight of the protective coating composition.

[0181] Side 44. A kit according to any one of sides 37 to 42, wherein the cellulose ester comprises cellulose acetate butyrate, cellulose acetate propionate, cellulose acetate phthalate, or nitrocellulose.

[0182] Side 45. A kit of any one side from sides 37 to 44, wherein the cellulose ester is present in an amount of about 5% to about 30% by weight relative to the total weight of the protective coating composition.

[0183] Side 46. A kit of any one side of Sides 37 to 45, wherein the protective coating composition further comprises an adipic acid / neopentyl glycol / trimellitic anhydride copolymer, hexanediic acid, adipic acid / (esterification reaction product of glycerin and coconut oil fatty acid) / 2,2'-(ethylamino)diethanol polycondensate, tridecyl trimellitate, acrylic polymer, vinyl acetate / butyl maleate / IBA, imidized isobutylene / maleic anhydride copolymer, polyvinyl methyl ether / maleic acid copolymer, or any combination thereof.

[0184] Side 47. The kit of Side 46, wherein the polymer is present in an amount of about 0.5% to about 25% by weight of the protective coating composition.

[0185] Side 48. A kit of any one side of Sides 37 to 47, wherein the protective coating composition further comprises a volatile solvent, a low vapor pressure solvent, an acrylic polymer, a plasticizer, a humectant, a dispersant, a suspending agent, a lipid, an oil, a vitamin, a mineral, a biomolecule, an essential oil, a plant extract, a plant hydrosol, a fragrance, a preservative, a thickener, a coloring additive, a pH adjuster, a surfactant, or any combination thereof.

[0186] Side 49. A kit according to any one of sides 36 to 48, wherein the kit further comprises a removal solution containing an organic solvent, water, or any combination thereof.

[0187] Side 50. The kit of side 49, wherein the organic solvent contains alcohol.

[0188] Side 51. The kit of Side 49, wherein the organic solvent comprises ethyl alcohol, methyl alcohol, isopropanol, sec-butanol, n-butanol, isobutanol, acetone, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, 1-methoxy-2-propanol, diacetone alcohol, anisole, propyl acetate, toluene, xylene, methyl ethyl ketone, or any combination thereof.

[0189] Side 52. The kit of side 49, wherein the organic solvent contains a mixture of ethyl alcohol and water.

[0190] Side 53. A kit according to any one side of Sides 49 to 52, wherein the removal solution further comprises propylene carbonate, dimethyl glutarate, dimethyl adipate, methyl soybean, 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol monoisobutyrate, dimethyl sulfoxide, or any combination thereof.

[0191] Aspect 54. A kit according to any one of Aspects 49 to 53, wherein the removal solution further comprises a therapeutic agent selected from the group consisting of vitamins, proteins, polysaccharides, salts, peptides, plant extracts, oils, hydrosols, or any combination thereof.

[0192] Side 55. A kit of any one side of Sides 49 to 54, wherein the removal solution further comprises a humectant, exfoliant, dispersant, suspending agent, preservative, thickener, acid, base, enzyme, filler, coloring additive, pH adjuster, surfactant, salt, reactive species, or any combination thereof.

[0193] Side 56. A kit according to any one of sides 36 to 55, wherein the kit further comprises a base coat composition.

[0194] Side 57. The kit of Side 56, wherein the base coat composition comprises a solvent and a vinyl polymer, a polymer resin, or any combination thereof.

[0195] Side 58. The kit of Side 57, wherein the base coat solvent comprises a polar organic solvent, water, or any combination thereof.

[0196] Side 59. The kit of side 57, wherein the base coat solvent contains alcohol.

[0197] Side 60. The kit of Side 57, wherein the base coat solvent comprises ethyl alcohol, methyl alcohol, isopropanol, sec-butanol, n-butanol, iso-butanol, acetone, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, 1-methoxy-2-propanol, diacetone alcohol, anisole, propyl acetate, toluene, xylene, methyl ethyl ketone, or any combination thereof.

[0198] Side 61. The kit of Side 57, wherein the base coat solvent comprises ethyl alcohol, diacetone alcohol, 1-methoxy-2-propanol, or any combination thereof.

[0199] Side 62. A kit of any one side from sides 57 to 61, wherein the base coat solvent is approximately 40% to 90% by weight relative to the total weight of the base coat.

[0200] Aspect 63. A kit according to any one of Aspects 57 to 61, wherein the base coat composition further comprises a therapeutic agent selected from the group consisting of vitamins, proteins, polysaccharides, salts, peptides, plant extracts, oils, hydrosols, or any combination thereof.

[0201] Side 64. A kit of any one side of Sides 57 to 61, wherein the base coat composition further comprises a humectant, exfoliant, dispersant, suspending agent, preservative, thickener, acid, base, enzyme, filler, coloring additive, pH adjuster, surfactant, salt, reactive species, or any combination thereof.

[0202] Side 65. A kit of any one side from sides 57 to 64, wherein the polymer resin is present in an amount of about 0.5% to about 10% by weight of the base coat composition.

[0203] Side 66. A kit of any one side from sides 57 to 65, wherein the vinyl polymer is present in an amount of about 5% to about 50% by weight in the base coat composition.

[0204] Side 67. A kit of any one side from sides 36 to 66, wherein the applicator includes one or more brushes, stencils, stamps, or stickers.

[0205] Side 68. A method for coating a substrate, the method comprising applying a coating composition of any one of sides 1 to 35 to at least one surface of the substrate to produce a coated substrate.

[0206] Side 69. The method of Side 68, wherein the substrate is a vehicle or a building.

[0207] Side 70. The method of Side 68, wherein the substrate is the body part in question.

[0208] Side 71. The method of Side 68, wherein the substrate is the fingernail or toenail in question.

[0209] Side 72. A method according to any one of sides 68 to 71, wherein the coating composition is applied to the substrate by brushing, dipping, or spray coating the coating composition.

[0210] Side 73. The method according to any one of sides 68 to 72, wherein the method further comprises applying a protective coating composition to the coated substrate.

[0211] Aspect 74. The method according to any one of Aspects 68 to 73, wherein the method further includes applying a base coat composition to the substrate before applying the coating composition.

[0212] A coated substrate manufactured by the method of any one side of side 75, 68-74.

[0213] Side 76. Copolymer comprising at least one residue from the monomer of group (a), at least one residue from the monomer of group (b), and at least one residue from the monomer of group (c): a. Acrylamide, methacrylamide, alkylacrylamide, dialkylacrylamide, alkylmethacrylamide, dialkylmethacrylamide, or any combination thereof. b. One or more alkyl acrylates c. Acrylic acid, methyl methacrylate, methacrylic acid, and dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, or any combination thereof.

[0214] Side 77. A copolymer of side 76, wherein the residue of group (a) is an alkylacrylamide.

[0215] Side 78. A copolymer of side 76, wherein the residue of group (a) is n-isopropylacrylamide.

[0216] Side 79. A copolymer of any one of sides 76 to 78, wherein the residue of group (b) is a C2-C10 alkyl acrylate.

[0217] Side 80. A copolymer of any one of sides 76 to 78, wherein the residue of group (b) is ethylhexyl acrylate.

[0218] Side 81. A copolymer of any one of sides 76 to 80, wherein the residue of group (c) is acrylic acid.

[0219] Side 82. A copolymer of any one of sides 76 to 80, wherein the residue of group (c) is methyl methacrylate.

[0220] Side 83. A copolymer of any one of sides 76 to 82, wherein the polymer is crosslinked by covalent bonds.

[0221] Side 84. A copolymer of side 83, wherein the polymer is covalently crosslinked by a covalent crosslinking agent, and the covalent crosslinking agent is a bisacrylamide compound or a bisacrylate compound.

[0222] Side 85. The copolymer of Side 84, wherein the covalent crosslinking agent is selected from the group consisting of methylenebisacrylamide, polyethylene glycol diacrylate, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, N-(1-hydroxy-2,2-dimethoxyethyl)acrylamide, divinylbenzene, phenylenediacrylamide, diurethane dimethacrylate, and any combination thereof.

[0223] Side 86. Copolymer of side 84 or 85, wherein the covalent crosslinking agent is present in an amount greater than 0 mol% and up to about 35 mol%.

[0224] A copolymer of any one of sides 76 to 86, wherein the residues derived from side 87 group (a) constitute about 40 mol% to about 90 mol% of the polymer.

[0225] A copolymer of any one of sides 76 to 87, wherein side 88, group (b), is more than 0 mol% of the polymer and is approximately 40 mol%.

[0226] A copolymer of any one of sides 76 to 88, wherein the residues derived from side 89 group (c) are more than 0 mol% of the polymer and amount to about 35 mol%.

[0227] Side 90. A copolymer of any one side from sides 76 to 89, wherein the polymer has an average molecular weight of approximately 1,000 Da to approximately 1,000,000 Da.

[0228] Side view 91. A copolymer comprising at least one residue of the monomer of group (a) and at least one residue of the monomer of group (b), a. Acrylamide, methacrylamide, alkylacrylamide, dialkylacrylamide, alkylmethacrylamide, dialkylmethacrylamide, or any combination thereof; and b. One or more alkyl acrylates, A copolymer comprising the polymer, wherein the polymer is covalently crosslinked.

[0229] Side view 92. A copolymer comprising at least one residue of the monomer of group (a) and at least one residue of the monomer of group (b), a. Acrylamide, methacrylamide, alkylacrylamide, dialkylacrylamide, alkylmethacrylamide, dialkylmethacrylamide, or any combination thereof; and b. One or more alkyl acrylates, A copolymer comprising the above, wherein the polymer is not any of the following copolymers: N-isopropylacrylamide / acrylic acid, N-isopropylacrylamide / methacrylic acid, N-isopropylacrylamide / ethyl acrylate, N-isopropylacrylamide / butyl acrylate, N-isopropylacrylamide / lauryl acrylate, N-isopropylacrylamide / stearyl acrylate, N-isopropylacrylamide / methacrylic acid, N-isopropylacrylamide / methyl methacrylate, N-isopropylacrylamide / isooctyl acrylate, N-isopropylacrylamide / dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, acrylamide / acrylic acid, acrylamide / methacrylic acid, or acrylamide / alkyl ester acrylate.

[0230] Side view 93. A nail polish system in which the main solvent contains ethanol.

[0231] Side view 94. The nail polish system of side view 93, wherein the nail polish system comprises a main film-forming agent selected from the group consisting of cellulose ester, acrylic resin, polyester, alkyd, or vinyl polymer.

[0232] Side 95. The nail polish system of Side 93, wherein the nail polish system comprises a main film-forming agent selected from the group consisting of cellulose acetate butyrate, acrylic polymer, vinyl acetate / butyl maleate / IBA, imidized isobutylene / maleic anhydride copolymer, polyvinyl methyl ether / maleic acid copolymer, or polymers containing alkylacrylamide, dialkylacrylamide, alkylmethacrylamide, or dialkylmethacrylamide.

[0233] Side 96. A method for manufacturing a decorated substrate, comprising applying a coating composition of any one of sides 1 to 35 to at least one surface of the substrate in a predetermined pattern or design.

[0234] Aspect 97. The method of Aspect 96, wherein the substrate is a part of the body of the subject.

[0235] Side 98. The method of Side 96, wherein the substrate is a fingernail or toenail of the subject.

[0236] Side 99. A method according to any one of sides 96 to 98, wherein, before applying the coating composition to the substrate, the substrate is pre-coated with a composition other than the coating composition of any one of sides 1 to 35.

[0237] Aspect 100. A coating composition comprising a solvent and a copolymer, wherein the copolymer comprises at least one residue of the monomer from group (a) and at least one residue of the monomer from group (b). a. Acrylamide, methacrylamide, alkylacrylamide, dialkylacrylamide, alkylmethacrylamide, dialkylmethacrylamide, or any combination thereof; and b. At least one C1-C 18 Alkyl acrylate.

[0238] Side 101. A coating composition of side 100, wherein the monomer of group (a) comprises a monomer selected from the group consisting of N-methylacrylamide, N-ethylacrylamide, N-isopropylacrylamide, N-butylacrylamide, N-tert-butylacrylamide, N-methylmethacrylamide, N-ethylmethacrylamide, N-isopropylmethacrylamide, N-butylmethacrylamide, N-tert-butylmethacrylamide, and any combination thereof.

[0239] Side 102. A coating composition of side 100, wherein the monomer of group (a) is an alkyl methacrylamide.

[0240] Side 103. The coating composition of side 100, wherein the monomer of group (a) is N-isopropyl methacrylamide.

[0241] Side 104.C1-C 18 A coating composition for side surface 100 in which the alkyl acrylate is selected from the group consisting of methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, propyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, pentyl acrylate, hexyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, benzyl acrylate, heptyl acrylate, octyl acrylate, nonyl acrylate, decyl acrylate, undecyl acrylate, dodecyl acrylate, hexadecyl acrylate, stearyl acrylate, lauryl acrylate, t-butyl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate, isobornyl acrylate and any combination thereof.

[0242] Side view 105. The copolymer is composed of at least two types of C1-C 18 A coating composition with side surface length 100, comprising an alkyl acrylate.

[0243] Side 106. The aforementioned C1-C 18 A coating composition for side surface 100, wherein the alkyl acrylate comprises ethylhexyl acrylate and a second alkyl acrylate.

[0244] Side 107. A coating composition of any one side of sides 100 to 106, wherein the copolymer further comprises residues selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid, tetrabutylammonium salt of 4-styrenesulfonate, methyl methacrylate, vinyl acetate, methacrylic acid, ethyl maleate, isopropyl maleate, butyl maleate, isobornyl acrylate, isobornyl methacrylate, styrene, N-isopropylmethacrylamide, and dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, or any combination thereof.

[0245] Side view 108. The copolymer consists of alkyl methacrylamide residues and at least two C1-C 18 A coating composition with 100 sides containing alkyl acrylate residues.

[0246] Side 109. The coating composition of side 100, wherein the copolymer contains residues of N-isopropyl methacrylamide, dodecyl acrylate, and ethylhexyl acrylate.

[0247] Side 110. A coating composition on any one side of sides 100 to 109, wherein the copolymer is covalently crosslinked with a crosslinking agent.

[0248] Side 111. The coating composition of side 110, wherein the crosslinking agent is a bisacrylamide compound or a bisacrylate compound.

[0249] Side 112. The coating composition of Side 110, wherein the covalent crosslinking agent is at least one selected from the group consisting of methylenebisacrylamide, polyethylene glycol diacrylate, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, N-(1-hydroxy-2,2-dimethoxyethyl)acrylamide, divinylbenzene, phenylenediacrylamide, and diurethane dimethacrylate, or any combination thereof.

[0250] A coating composition on any one side of side 100 to 112, wherein the residues in group (a) constitute about 40 mol% to about 90 mol% of the polymer, and the residues in group (b) constitute about 0.1 mol% to about 40 mol% of the polymer.

[0251] Side 114. A coating composition of any one side of sides 100 to 113, wherein the copolymer further contains a residue selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid, methyl methacrylate, methacrylic acid, and dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, or any combination thereof, in an amount of about 0.1 mol% to about 35 mol%.

[0252] Side 115. A coating composition of any one side of sides 100 to 114, wherein the average molecular weight of the copolymer is approximately 1,000 Da to approximately 1,000,000 Da.

[0253] Side 116. A coating composition of any one side of sides 100 to 115, wherein the solvent contains an alcohol.

[0254] Side 117. A coating composition according to any one side of sides 100 to 115, wherein the solvent comprises ethyl alcohol, methyl alcohol, isopropanol, sec-butanol, n-butanol, isobutanol, acetone, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, 1-methoxy-2-propanol, diacetone alcohol, anisole, propyl acetate, toluene, xylene, methyl ethyl ketone, water, propylene glycol, glycerin, propylene carbonate, dimethyl glutarate, dimethyl adipate, methyl soyate, 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol monoisobutyrate, denatured alcohol, diacetone alcohol, 1-methoxypropanol, dimethoxypropanol, ethoxypropanol, or a combination thereof.

[0255] Side 118. A coating composition according to any one side of sides 100 to 117, further comprising a secondary polymer including polyester, alkyd, polyurethane, tosylamideformaldehyde resin, acrylic resin, vinyl acetate / butyl maleate / IBA copolymer, imidized isobutylene / maleic anhydride copolymer, polyvinyl methyl ether / maleic acid copolymer, cellulose ester, rosinate, adipic acid / neopentyl glycol / trimellitic anhydride copolymer, hexanediic acid, cellulose butyrate (cellulose acetate butyrate), nitrocellulose, cellulose acetate propionate, cellulose acetate phthalate, hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, adipic acid / (esterification reaction product of glycerin and coconut oil fatty acid) / 2,2'-(ethylamino)diethanol polycondensate, tridecyl trimellitate, or any combination thereof.

[0256] Side 119. The coating composition according to any one side of sides 100 to 118, wherein the coating composition further comprises a filler, the filler being selected from the group consisting of hectorite, stearalkonium hectorite, bentonite, stearalkonium bentonite, silica, glass microspheres, hydrophobic fumed silica, hydrophilic fumed silica, silica dimethyl silylate, organic affinity phyllosilicate, kaolin clay, halloysite, montmorillonite, barium sulfate, salts, or any combination thereof.

[0257] Side 120. A coating composition of any one side of sides 100 to 118, wherein the coating composition further comprises a pigment.

[0258] Side 121. The coating composition of side 120, comprising a dispersion of the pigment.

[0259] Side 122. The coating composition according to any one side of sides 100 to 121, further comprising a plasticizer, a humectant, a dispersant, a suspending agent, a lipid, an oil, a vitamin, a biomolecule, an essential oil, a plant extract, a plant hydrosol, a fragrance, a preservative, a thickener, one or more coloring additives, a pH adjuster, a surfactant, or any combination thereof.

[0260] Side 123. A protective coating composition comprising a polymer and a solvent, wherein the solvent comprises an alcohol.

[0261] Side 124. The protective coating composition of side 123, wherein the alcohol comprises ethanol or denatured alcohol.

[0262] Side 125. A protective coating composition of Side 123 or 124, wherein the polymer is selected from cellulose ester or alkoxylated cellulose.

[0263] Side 126. The composition is a protective coating composition for any one of sides 123 to 125, comprising an alkyl methacrylamide monomer.

[0264] Side 127. A protective coating composition for any one side of sides 123 to 126, wherein the composition comprises a primary film-forming agent selected from the group consisting of cellulose acetate butyrate, acrylic polymer, vinyl acetate / butyl maleate / isobutyl acrylate (IBA), imidized isobutylene / maleic anhydride copolymer, polyvinyl methyl ether / maleic acid copolymer, or polymers containing alkylacrylamide, dialkylacrylamide, alkylmethacrylamide, or dialkylmethacrylamide.

[0265] Side 128. A coating removal solution comprising a solvent, wherein the solvent comprises an alcohol and a second solvent, the mass of the alcohol being greater than the mass of the second solvent, and the solution removes the coating composition on the object.

[0266] Side 129. The removal solution of Side 128, wherein the second solvent comprises water, propylene carbonate, or any combination thereof.

[0267] Side 130. The removal solution of side 128, wherein the removal solution contains ethanol and water.

[0268] A kit comprising a coating composition and applicator for any one of the sides 131, 100, to 122.

[0269] Side 132. The kit of side 131, wherein the kit further comprises a protective coating composition.

[0270] Side 133. The kit of Side 131 or 132, wherein the protective coating composition comprises a cellulose ester, cellulose acetate butyrate, cellulose acetate propionate, cellulose acetate phthalate, ethylcellulose, alkoxylated cellulose, or nitrocellulose.

[0271] Side 134. A kit according to any one of sides 131 to 133, wherein the kit further comprises a removal composition containing alcohol.

[0272] Side 135. The kit of Side 134, wherein the removal solution further comprises vitamins, proteins, polysaccharides, salts, peptides, plant extracts, oils, hydrosols, humectants, exfoliants, dispersants, suspending agents, preservatives, thickeners, acids, bases, enzymes, fillers, coloring additives, pH adjusters, surfactants, salts, or any combination thereof.

[0273] Side 136. A method for coating a substrate, the method comprising applying a coating composition of any one side 100 to 122 to at least one surface of the substrate to produce a coated substrate.

[0274] Side 137. The method of Side 136, wherein the substrate is the body part in question.

[0275] Side 138. A method of side 136 or 137, wherein the coating composition is applied to the substrate by brushing, dipping, or spray coating.

[0276] Side 139. A method of any one of sides 136 to 138, wherein the method further comprises applying a protective coating composition to the coated substrate.

[0277] Side 140. A copolymer comprising at least one residue of the monomers of group (a) and at least one residue of the monomers of group (b): a. Methacrylamide, alkyl methacrylamide, dialkyl methacrylamide, or any combination thereof; and b. One or more C1-C18 alkyl acrylates.

[0278] Side 141. The copolymer of side 140, wherein the residue of group (a) is N-isopropylmethacrylamide.

[0279] Side 142. The copolymer of side 140 or 141, wherein one residue of group (b) is 2-ethylhexyl acrylate.

[0280] Side 143. The copolymer of any one of sides 140 to 142, wherein the polymer is covalently crosslinked by a crosslinking agent.

[0281] Side 144. The copolymer of side 143, wherein the crosslinking agent is selected from methylene bisacrylamide, polyethylene glycol diacrylate, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, N-(1-hydroxy-2,2-dimethoxyethyl)acrylamide, divinylbenzene, phenylenediacrylamide, diurethane dimethacrylate, or any combination thereof.

[0282] Side 145. The copolymer of any one of sides 140 to 144, wherein the residue of group (a) is about 40 mol% to about 90 mol% of the polymer, and the residue of group (b) is more than 0 mol% and about 40 mol% of the polymer.

[0283] Side 146. A copolymer on any one side of sides 140 to 145, wherein the polymer has an average molecular weight of about 1,000 Da to about 1,000,000 Da.

[0284] Side 147. A copolymer comprising at least one residue of the monomer of group (a) and at least one residue of the monomer of group (b), a. acrylamide, methacrylamide, alkyl acrylamide, dialkyl acrylamide, alkyl methacrylamide, dialkyl methacrylamide, or any combination thereof; and b. one or more C1-C18 alkyl acrylates, wherein the polymer is covalently crosslinked.

[0285] Side 148. A copolymer comprising at least one residue of the monomer of group (a) and at least one residue of the monomer of group (b): a. acrylamide, methacrylamide, alkyl acrylamide, dialkyl acrylamide, alkyl methacrylamide, dialkyl methacrylamide, or any combination thereof; and b. one or more C1-C18 alkyl acrylates, wherein the polymer is not the following copolymer. N-isopropylacrylamide / acrylic acid copolymer, N-isopropylacrylamide / methacrylic acid copolymer, N-isopropylacrylamide / ethyl acrylate copolymer, N-isopropylacrylamide / butyl acrylate copolymer, N-isopropylacrylamide / lauryl acrylate copolymer, N-isopropylacrylamide / stearyl acrylate copolymer, N-isopropylacrylamide / methacrylic acid copolymer, N-isopropylacrylamide / methyl methacrylate copolymer, N-isopropylacrylamide / isooctyl acrylate copolymer, N-isopropylacrylamide / dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate copolymer, acrylamide / acrylic acid copolymer, acrylamide / methacrylic acid copolymer, or acrylamide / alkyl ester acrylate copolymer.

[0286] Aspect 149. A coating composition comprising a solvent and a copolymer containing at least one residue of the monomer from group (a) and at least one residue of the monomer from group (b): a. Acrylamide, methacrylamide, alkylacrylamide, dialkylacrylamide, alkylmethacrylamide, dialkylmethacrylamide, or any combination thereof; and b. At least one C1-C18 alkyl acrylate.

[0287] Side 150. The coating composition of Side 149, wherein the monomer of group (a) is selected from N-methylacrylamide, N-ethylacrylamide, N-isopropylacrylamide, N-butylacrylamide, N-tert-butylacrylamide, N-methylmethacrylamide, N-ethylmethacrylamide, N-isopropylmethacrylamide, N-butylmethacrylamide, N-tert-butylmethacrylamide, or any combination thereof.

[0288] Side 151. The coating composition of side 149, wherein the monomer of group (a) is an alkyl methacrylamide.

[0289] Side 152. The coating composition of side 149, wherein the monomer of group (a) is N-isopropylmethacrylamide.

[0290] Side 153. The C1-C 18 The alkyl acrylate is selected from the group consisting of methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, propyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, pentyl acrylate, hexyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, benzyl acrylate, heptyl acrylate, octyl acrylate, nonyl acrylate, decyl acrylate, undecyl acrylate, dodecyl acrylate, hexadecyl acrylate, stearyl acrylate, lauryl acrylate, tert-butyl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate, isobornyl acrylate, or any combination thereof. The coating composition of side 149.

[0291] Side 154. The coating composition of side 149, wherein the copolymer contains at least two C1-C 18 alkyl acrylates.

[0292] [[ID=1,6]]Side 155. The coating composition of side 149, wherein the C1-C 18 alkyl acrylate contains 2-ethylhexyl acrylate and a second alkyl acrylate.

[0293] Side 156. The coating composition of any one of sides 149 to 155, wherein the copolymer further contains residues from acrylic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid, tetrabutylammonium 4-styrenesulfonate, methyl methacrylate, vinyl acetate, methacrylic acid, ethyl maleate, isopropyl maleate, butyl maleate, isobornyl acrylate, isobornyl methacrylate, styrene, N-isopropylmethacrylamide, and dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, or any combination thereof.

[0294] Side 157. The copolymer contains residues of alkyl methacrylamide and at least two C1-C18 A coating composition for side surface 149, comprising an alkyl acrylate.

[0295] A coating composition for side surface 149, wherein the copolymer comprises residues from N-isopropyl methacrylamide, dodecyl acrylate, and ethylhexyl acrylate. [[ID=,7]]

[0296] A coating composition for any one of side surfaces 149 to 158, wherein the copolymer is covalently cross-linked by a cross-linking agent.

[0297] A coating composition for side surface 159, wherein the cross-linking agent is a bisacrylamide compound or a bisacrylate compound.

[0298] A coating composition for side surface 159, wherein the covalent cross-linking agent is selected from the group consisting of methylene bisacrylamide, polyethylene glycol diacrylate, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, N-(1-hydroxy-2,2-dimethoxyethyl)acrylamide, divinylbenzene, phenylenediacrylamide, diurethane dimethacrylate, or any combination thereof.

[0299] A coating composition for any one of side surfaces 149 to 161, wherein the residues of group (a) are about 40 mol% to about 90 mol% of the polymer, and the residues of group (b) are about 0.1 mol% to about 40 mol% of the polymer.

[0300] A coating composition for any one of side surfaces 149 to 162, wherein the copolymer further comprises residues from acrylic acid, methyl methacrylate, methacrylic acid, and dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, or any combination thereof, in an amount of about 0.1 mol% to about 35 mol%.

[0301] A coating composition for any one of side surfaces 149 to 163, wherein the copolymer has an average molecular weight of about 1,000 Da to about 1,000,000 Da.

[0302] Side 165. A coating composition of any one side of sides 149 to 164, wherein the solvent contains an alcohol.

[0303] Side 166. A coating composition according to any one side of sides 149 to 164, wherein the solvent comprises ethyl alcohol, methyl alcohol, isopropanol, sec-butanol, n-butanol, isobutanol, acetone, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, 1-methoxy-2-propanol, diacetone alcohol, anisole, propyl acetate, toluene, xylene, methyl ethyl ketone, water, propylene glycol, glycerin, propylene carbonate, dimethyl glutarate, dimethyl adipate, methyl soyate, 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol monoisobutyrate, denatured alcohol, diacetone alcohol, 1-methoxydimethoxypropanol, ethoxypropanol, or any combination thereof.

[0304] Side 167. The coating composition according to any one side of sides 149 to 166, wherein the coating composition further comprises a secondary polymer, the secondary polymer comprising polyester, alkyd, polyurethane, tosylamideformaldehyde resin, acrylic resin, vinyl acetate / butyl maleate / isobutyl acrylate (IBA) copolymer, imidized isobutylene / maleic anhydride copolymer, polyvinyl methyl ether / maleic acid copolymer, cellulose ester, rosinate, adipic acid / neopentyl glycol / trimellitic anhydride copolymer, hexanediic acid, cellulose acetate butyrate, nitrocellulose, cellulose acetate propionate, cellulose acetate phthalate, hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, adipic acid / (esterification reaction product of glycerin and coconut oil fatty acid) / 2,2'-(ethylamino)diethanol condensate, tridecyl trimellitate, or any combination thereof.

[0305] Side 168. The coating composition according to any one side of sides 149 to 167, wherein the coating composition further comprises a filler, the filler being selected from the group consisting of hectorite, stearalkonium hectorite, bentonite, stearalkonium bentonite, silica, glass microspheres, hydrophobic fumed silica, hydrophilic fumed silica, silica dimethyl silylate, organic affinity phyllosilicate, kaolin clay, halloysite, montmorillonite, barium sulfate, salts, or any combination thereof.

[0306] Side 169. A coating composition of any one side of sides 149 to 167, wherein the coating composition further comprises a pigment.

[0307] Side 170. A coating on side 69 containing a dispersion of the pigment.

[0308] Side 171. The coating composition according to any one side of sides 149 to 170, further comprising a plasticizer, a humectant, a dispersant, a suspending agent, a lipid, an oil, a vitamin, a biomolecule, an essential oil, a plant extract, a plant hydrosol, a fragrance, a preservative, a thickener, one or more coloring additives, a pH adjuster, a surfactant, or any combination thereof.

[0309] Side 172. A protective coating composition comprising a polymer and a solvent, wherein the solvent comprises an alcohol.

[0310] Side 173. The protective coating composition of Side 172, wherein the polymer comprises cellulose ester, cellulose acetate butyrate, cellulose acetate propionate, cellulose acetate phthalate, ethylcellulose, alkoxylated cellulose, nitrocellulose, or any combination thereof.

[0311] Aspect 174. A removal composition comprising a solvent, wherein the solvent comprises an alcohol.

[0312] A kit comprising a coating composition and applicator for any one of the sides 149-171, side 175.

[0313] Side 176. The kit of Side 175, wherein the kit further comprises a protective coating composition.

[0314] Side 177. The kit of Side 175 or 176, wherein the kit further comprises a removal composition containing alcohol.

[0315] Side 178. A method for coating a substrate, the method comprising applying a coating composition of any one of the sides 149 to 171 to at least one surface of the substrate to produce a coated substrate.

[0316] Side 179. The method of Side 178, wherein the substrate is the body part in question.

[0317] Side 180. The method of Side 178 or 179, further comprising applying a protective coating composition to the coated substrate.

[0318] Examples The following examples are provided to those skilled in the art to provide a complete disclosure and description of the methods for producing and evaluating the compounds, compositions, and methods described and claimed herein, and are purely illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of what the inventors consider to be their invention. While efforts have been made to ensure accuracy in numerical values ​​(e.g., quantities, temperatures, etc.), some errors and deviations should be taken into consideration. Unless otherwise specified, parts mean parts by weight, temperature is °C or room temperature, and pressure is atmospheric pressure or near thereto. A variety of variations and combinations of reaction conditions (e.g., component concentrations, desired solvents, solvent mixtures, temperature, pressure, and other reaction ranges and conditions) can be used to further optimize reagent consumption while improving extraction efficiency.

[0319] Example 1 - Synthesis of vinyl copolymer using FRP

[0320] NIPAM (70g), butyl acrylate (20g), acrylic acid (10g), and AIBN were dissolved in 160mL of denatured alcohol. The solution was purged with nitrogen for 2 hours, and then heated at 55°C for 4 hours under an inert atmosphere. The reaction mixture was cooled and precipitated in water under stirring to remove impurities. The product was either redissolved in an organic solvent for spray drying or dried under vacuum to remove residue, and then pulverized to obtain a powder.

[0321] Example 2 - Synthesis of vinyl copolymer using FRP

[0322] N-isopropyl methacrylate (70 g), butyl acrylate (20 g), acrylic acid (10 g), and AIBN (0.322 g) were dissolved in 160 mL of denatured alcohol. The solution was purged with nitrogen for 2 hours, and then heated at 55°C for 4 hours under an inert atmosphere. The reaction mixture was cooled and precipitated in water under stirring to remove impurities. The product was either redissolved in an organic solvent for spray drying or dried under vacuum to remove residue, and then pulverized to obtain a powder.

[0323] Example 3 - Synthesis of vinyl copolymer using FRP

[0324] NIPAM (79.95 g), ethylhexyl acrylate (20 g), methylene bisacrylamide (0.05 g), and AIBN (0.322 g) were dissolved in 160 mL of denatured alcohol. The solution was purged with nitrogen for 2 hours, and then heated at 55°C for 4 hours under an inert atmosphere. The reaction mixture was cooled and precipitated in water under stirring to remove impurities. The product was either redissolved in an organic solvent for spray drying or dried under vacuum to remove residue, and then pulverized to obtain a powder.

[0325] Example 4 - Synthesis of vinyl copolymer using FRP

[0326] N-isopropyl methacrylamide (69.95 g), ethylhexyl acrylate (20 g), dodecyl acrylate (10 g), polyethylene glycol diacrylate (0.05 g), and AIBN (0.322 g) were dissolved in 160 mL of denatured alcohol. The solution was purged with nitrogen for 2 hours, and then heated at 55°C for 8 to 24 hours under an inert atmosphere. The reaction mixture was either used as is, or cooled and then precipitated in water under stirring to remove impurities. If the product was precipitated, it was redissolved in an organic solvent for spray drying, or dried under vacuum to remove residue, and then pulverized to obtain a powder.

[0327]

[0328] Example 5 - Synthesis of alternative vinyl copolymers using FRP

[0329] NIPAM (69.95 g), ethylhexyl acrylate (20 g), acrylic acid (10 g), methylenebisacrylamide (0.05 g), and AIBN (0.322 g) were dissolved in 160 mL of denatured alcohol. The solution was purged with nitrogen for 2 hours, and then heated at 55°C for 4 hours under an inert atmosphere. The reaction mixture was cooled and precipitated in water under stirring to remove impurities. The product was either redissolved in an organic solvent for spray drying, or dried under vacuum to remove residue, and then pulverized to obtain a powder.

[0330] Example 6 - Synthesis of alternative vinyl copolymers using FRP

[0331] NIPAM (69.95 g), ethylhexyl acrylate (20 g), methyl methacrylate (10 g), methylene bisacrylamide (0.05 g), and AIBN (0.322 g) were dissolved in 160 mL of denatured alcohol. The solution was purged with nitrogen for 2 hours, and then heated at 55°C for 4 hours under an inert atmosphere. The reaction mixture was cooled and precipitated in water under stirring to remove impurities. The product was either redissolved in an organic solvent for spray drying or dried under vacuum to remove residue, and then pulverized to obtain a powder.

[0332] Example 7 - Synthesis of alternative vinyl copolymers using RAFT

[0333] NIPAM (80g), ethylhexyl acrylate (40g), methylenebisacrylamide (0.1g), 2-(dodecylthiocarbonylthio)-2-methylpropionic acid (1g), and AIBN (0.5g) were dissolved in 200mL of denatured alcohol. The solution was purged with nitrogen for 2 hours while stirring, and then heated at 55°C for 4 hours under an inert atmosphere. The reaction mixture was cooled and precipitated in water under stirring to remove impurities. The product was either redissolved in an organic solvent for spray drying or dried under vacuum to remove residue, and then pulverized to obtain a powder.

[0334] Example 8 - Synthesis of alternative vinyl copolymers using RAFT

[0335] NIPAM (80g), ethylhexyl acrylate (40g), methylenebisacrylamide (0.1g), CuBr (Copper (I) Bromide) (0.05g), PMDETA (0.05g), and BriB (0.05g) were dissolved in 200mL of denatured alcohol. The solution was purged with nitrogen for 2 hours, and then heated at 55°C for 4 hours under an inert atmosphere. The reaction mixture was cooled and precipitated in water under stirring to remove impurities. The product was either redissolved in an organic solvent for spray drying or dried under vacuum to remove residue, and then pulverized to obtain a powder.

[0336] Example 9 - Vinyl polymer-based coating formulation (by weight) [Table 1]

[0337] Example 10 - Vinyl polymer-based coating formulation (by weight) [Table 2]

[0338] Example 11 - Vinyl polymer-based coating formulation (by weight) [Table 3]

[0339] Example 12 - Vinyl polymer color coating formulation (by weight) [Table 4]

[0340] Example 13 - Vinyl polymer therapeutic color coating formulation (by weight) [Table 5]

[0341] Example 14 - Protective cellulose ester coating (by weight) [Table 6]

[0342] Example 15 - Polarity coating removal solution (by weight) [Table 7]

[0343] Example 16 - Polarity coating removal solution (by weight) [Table 8]

[0344] Example 17 - Therapeutic polarity coating removal solution (by weight) [Table 9]

[0345] Example 18 - Therapeutic hydrosol polarity coating removal solution (by weight) [Table 10]

[0346] It should be emphasized that the embodiments of the present invention described above are merely examples provided to clearly illustrate the principles of the invention. Many changes and modifications can be made without substantially departing from the spirit and principles of the invention from the embodiments described above. All such changes and modifications described herein are included within the scope of this disclosure and are intended to be protected by the following claims.

Claims

1. A coating composition comprising a solvent and a copolymer containing at least one residue from at least one monomer of group (a) and at least one residue from at least one monomer of group (b): a. Acrylamide, methacrylamide, alkylacrylamide, dialkylacrylamide, alkylmethacrylamide, dialkylmethacrylamide, or any combination thereof; and b. At least one C １ ~C １８ Alkyl acrylate.

2. The coating composition according to claim 1, wherein the monomer of group (a) is selected from the group consisting of N-methylacrylamide, N-ethylacrylamide, N-isopropylacrylamide, N-butylacrylamide, N-tert-butylacrylamide, N-methylmethacrylamide, N-ethylmethacrylamide, N-isopropylmethacrylamide, N-butylmethacrylamide, N-tert-butylmethacrylamide, and any combination thereof.

3. The coating composition according to claim 1, wherein the monomer of group (a) is alkyl methacrylamide.

4. The coating composition according to claim 1, wherein the monomer of group (a) is N-isopropylmethacrylamide.

5. C １ ~C １８ The coating composition according to claim 1, wherein the alkyl acrylate is selected from the group consisting of methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, propyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, pentyl acrylate, hexyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, benzyl acrylate, heptyl acrylate, octyl acrylate, nonyl acrylate, decyl acrylate, undecyl acrylate, dodecyl acrylate, hexadecyl acrylate, stearyl acrylate, lauryl acrylate, t-butyl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate, isobornyl acrylate, and any combination thereof.

6. The copolymer has at least two C １ ~C １８ The coating composition according to claim 1, comprising an alkyl acrylate.

7. Said C １ --~C １８ The coating composition according to claim 1, wherein the alkyl acrylate comprises ethylhexyl acrylate and a second alkyl acrylate.

8. The coating composition according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the copolymer further comprises residues from acrylic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid, tetrabutylammonium 4-styrenesulfonate, methyl methacrylate, vinyl acetate, methacrylic acid, ethyl maleate, isopropyl maleate, butyl maleate, isobornyl acrylate, isobornyl methacrylate, styrene, N-isopropyl methacrylamide, and dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, or any combination thereof.

9. The copolymer contains residues from alkyl methacrylamide and residues from at least two C １ -C １８ alkyl acrylates, and the coating composition according to claim 1.

10. The coating composition according to claim 1, wherein the copolymer comprises residues from N-isopropyl methacrylamide, dodecyl acrylate, and ethylhexyl acrylate.

11. The coating composition according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the copolymer is covalently crosslinked with a crosslinking agent.

12. The coating composition according to claim 11, wherein the crosslinking agent is a bisacrylamide compound or a bisacrylate compound.

13. The coating composition according to claim 11, wherein the covalent crosslinking agent is selected from the group consisting of methylenebisacrylamide, polyethylene glycol diacrylate, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, N-(1-hydroxy-2,2-dimethoxyethyl)acrylamide, divinylbenzene, phenylenediacrylamide, diurethane dimethacrylate, and any combination thereof.

14. The coating composition according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the residues from group (a) constitute about 40 mol% to about 90 mol% of the polymer, and the residues from group (b) constitute about 0.1 mol% to about 40 mol% of the polymer.

15. The coating composition according to any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the copolymer further comprises residues from acrylic acid, methyl methacrylate, methacrylic acid, and dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, or any combination thereof, in an amount of about 0.1 mol% to about 35 mol%.

16. The coating composition according to any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein the copolymer has an average molecular weight of about 1,000 Da to about 1,000,000 Da.

17. The coating composition according to any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein the solvent comprises an alcohol.

18. The coating composition according to any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein the solvent comprises ethyl alcohol, methyl alcohol, isopropanol, sec-butanol, n-butanol, isobutanol, acetone, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, 1-methoxy-2-propanol, diacetone alcohol, anisole, propyl acetate, toluene, xylene, methyl ethyl ketone, water, propylene glycol, glycerin, propylene carbonate, dimethyl glutarate, dimethyl adipate, methyl soyate, 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol monoisobutyrate, denatured alcohol, diacetone alcohol, 1-methoxydimethoxypropanol, ethoxypropanol, or any combination thereof.

19. A coating composition according to any one of claims 1 to 18, further comprising a secondary polymer, wherein the secondary polymer consists of polyester, alkyd, polyurethane, tosylamideformaldehyde resin, acrylic resin, vinyl acetate / butyl maleate / IBA copolymer, imidized isobutylene / maleic anhydride copolymer, polyvinyl methyl ether / maleic acid copolymer, cellulose ester, rosinate, adipic acid / neopentyl glycol / trimellitic anhydride copolymer, hexanediic acid, butyrate cellulose acetate, nitrocellulose, propionate cellulose acetate, phthalate cellulose acetate, hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, adipic acid / (esterification reaction product of glycerin and coconut oil fatty acid) / 2,2'-(ethylamino)diethanol condensate, tridecyl trimellitate, or any combination thereof.

20. A coating composition according to any one of claims 1 to 19, further comprising a filler, wherein the filler is selected from the group consisting of hectorite, stearalkonium hectorite, bentonite, stearalkonium bentonite, silica, glass microspheres, hydrophobic fumed silica, hydrophilic fumed silica, dimethylsilylated silica, organic affinity phyllosilicate, kaolin clay, halloysite, montmorillonite, barium sulfate, salts, or any combination thereof.

21. A coating composition according to any one of claims 1 to 18, further comprising a pigment.

22. The coating composition according to claim 21, wherein the pigment is dispersed.

23. A coating composition according to any one of claims 1 to 22, further comprising a plasticizer, a humectant, a dispersant, a suspending agent, lipids, oils, vitamins, biomolecules, essential oils, plant extracts, plant aromatic distilled water, fragrance, preservative, thickener, one or more coloring additives, pH adjusters, surfactants, or any combination thereof.

24. A protective coating composition comprising a polymer and a solvent, wherein the solvent comprises an alcohol.

25. The protective coating composition according to claim 24, wherein the alcohol comprises ethanol or denatured alcohol.

26. The protective coating composition according to claim 24 or 25, wherein the polymer is selected from cellulose ester or alkoxylated cellulose.

27. The protective coating composition according to any one of claims 24 to 26, wherein the composition comprises an alkyl methacrylamide monomer.

28. A protective coating composition according to any one of claims 24 to 27, comprising a first film-forming agent selected from the group consisting of cellulose acetate butyrate, an acrylic polymer, vinyl acetate / butyl maleate / IBA, imidized isobutylene / maleic anhydride copolymer, polyvinyl methyl ether / maleic acid copolymer, or a polymer containing alkylacrylamide, dialkylacrylamide, alkylmethacrylamide, or dialkylmethacrylamide.

29. A coating removal solution comprising a solvent, wherein the solvent comprises an alcohol and a second solvent, the mass of the alcohol is greater than the mass of the second solvent, and the solution removes the coating composition on the object.

30. The removal solution according to claim 29, wherein the second solvent comprises water, propylene carbonate, or a combination thereof.

31. The removal solution according to claim 29, wherein the removal solution comprises ethanol and water.

32. A kit comprising a coating composition and an applicator according to any one of claims 1 to 23.

33. The kit according to claim 32, further comprising a protective coating composition.

34. The kit according to claim 32 or 33, wherein the protective coating comprises a cellulose ester, cellulose acetate butyrate, cellulose acetate propionate, cellulose acetate phthalate, ethylcellulose, alkoxylated cellulose, or nitrocellulose.

35. The kit according to any one of claims 32 to 34, further comprising a removal solution containing alcohol.

36. The kit according to claim 35, wherein the removal solution further comprises vitamins, proteins, polysaccharides, salts, peptides, plant extracts, oils, aromatic distilled water, humectants, exfoliants, dispersants, suspending agents, preservatives, thickeners, acids, bases, enzymes, fillers, coloring additives, pH adjusters, surfactants, or any combination thereof.

37. A method for coating a substrate, comprising the step of applying a coating composition according to any one of claims 1 to 23 to at least one surface of the substrate to produce a coated substrate.

38. The method according to claim 37, wherein the substrate is a body part of the target.

39. The method according to claim 37 or 38, wherein the coating composition is applied to the substrate by brushing, dipping, or spray coating.

40. The method according to any one of claims 37 to 39, further comprising the step of applying a protective coating composition to the coated substrate.

41. A copolymer comprising at least one residue from a monomer of group (a) and at least one residue from a monomer of group (b): a. Any one of methacrylamide, alkylmethacrylamide, dialkylmethacrylamide, or any combination thereof; and b. One or more C1-C18 alkyl acrylates.

42. The copolymer according to claim 41, wherein the residue of group (a) is N-isopropylmethacrylamide.

43. The copolymer according to claim 41 or 42, wherein one of the residues in group (b) is ethylhexyl acrylate.

44. The copolymer according to any one of claims 41 to 43, wherein the polymer is covalently crosslinked with a crosslinking agent.

45. The copolymer according to claim 44, wherein the crosslinking agent is selected from the group consisting of methylenebisacrylamide, polyethylene glycol diacrylate, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, N-(1-hydroxy-2,2-dimethoxyethyl)acrylamide, divinylbenzene, phenylenediacrylamide, diurethane dimethacrylate, and any combination thereof.

46. The copolymer according to any one of claims 41 to 45, wherein the residues from group (a) constitute about 40 mol% to about 90 mol% of the polymer, and the residues from group (b) constitute more than 0 mol% and up to about 40 mol% of the polymer.

47. The copolymer according to any one of claims 41 to 46, wherein the polymer has an average molecular weight of about 1,000 Da to about 1,000,000 Da.

48. A copolymer comprising at least one residue from a monomer of group (a) and at least one residue from a monomer of group (b): a. Acrylamide, methacrylamide, alkylacrylamide, dialkylacrylamide, alkylmethacrylamide, dialkylmethacrylamide, or any combination thereof; and b. One or more types of C １ -C １８ Alkyl acrylate, However, the polymer is covalently crosslinked.

49. A copolymer comprising at least one residue from a monomer of group (a) and at least one residue from a monomer of group (b): a. Acrylamide, methacrylamide, alkylacrylamide, dialkylacrylamide, alkylmethacrylamide, dialkylmethacrylamide, or any combination thereof; and b. One or more types of C １ -C １８ Alkyl acrylate, However, the polymer is not a copolymer of N-isopropylacrylamide / acrylic acid, N-isopropylacrylamide / methacrylic acid, N-isopropylacrylamide / ethyl acrylate, N-isopropylacrylamide / butyl acrylate, N-isopropylacrylamide / lauryl acrylate, N-isopropylacrylamide / stearyl acrylate, N-isopropylacrylamide / methacrylic acid, N-isopropylacrylamide / methyl methacrylate, N-isopropylacrylamide / isooctyl acrylate, N-isopropylacrylamide / dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, acrylamide / acrylic acid, acrylamide / methacrylic acid, or acrylamide / alkyl ester acrylate.

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