Perovskite solar cells and methods for manufacturing the same, solar modules

Abstract

This application provides a perovskite solar cell, a method for manufacturing the same, and a solar module, wherein the perovskite solar cell includes a perovskite light-absorbing layer comprising a perovskite material and a complexing agent, the complexing agent comprising one or more of hydroxycarboxylic acid-based complexing agents, organic phosphonic acid-based complexing agents, polyacrylic acid-based complexing agents, and polycrotonic acid-based complexing agents. The perovskite solar cell, a method for manufacturing the same, and a solar module of this application passivate defects, reduce ion movement of the perovskite, decrease the decomposition of the perovskite light-absorbing layer and the deactivation of each functional layer, and improve the efficiency and stability of the device.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] (Cross-reference of related applications) This application claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 2023106645292, filed on June 6, 2023, and all its contents are incorporated herein by reference.

[0002] This invention relates to the technology of new energy, and more particularly to perovskite solar cells, methods for manufacturing the same, and solar modules. [Background technology]

[0003] The information provided in this section is merely background information relevant to this application and does not necessarily constitute prior art.

[0004] Currently, the efficiency of perovskite solar cells has reached 25.6%, which is close to that of silicon-based solar cells, which have been mature for many years. Therefore, improving the stability of the device is key to commercializing perovskite solar cells. Multiple types of defects and ion migration in perovskites cause the decomposition of the perovskite light-absorbing layer and the inactivation of each functional layer. [Overview of the Initiative] [Means for solving the problem]

[0005] The main technical problem addressed by this application is the decomposition of the perovskite light-absorbing layer due to multiple types of defects and ion migration in the perovskite.

[0006] To solve the aforementioned technical problems, one of the technical solutions adopted in this application is a perovskite solar cell comprising a perovskite light-absorbing layer containing a perovskite material and a complexing agent, wherein the complexing agent comprises one or more of hydroxycarboxylic acid-based complexing agents, organic phosphonic acid-based complexing agents, polyacrylic acid-based complexing agents, and polycrotonic acid-based complexing agents.

[0007] One or more embodiments of this application provide a perovskite solar cell. By introducing a complexing agent, the defect density of states in the device is reduced, and passivation of the perovskite is achieved. Due to its strong complexing ability, the complexing agent is advantageous in that it undergoes a complexing reaction with metal ions in the perovskite material, forming a stable complex and reducing the movement of metal ions. The corresponding perovskite solar cell is advantageous in that it passivates defects, reduces ion movement of the perovskite, reduces the decomposition of the perovskite light absorption layer and the deactivation of each functional layer, and improves the efficiency and stability of the device.

[0008] In some examples, the hydroxycarboxylic acid complexing agent has a structural formula [ka] The carboxylic acid, whose structural formula is [ka] It comprises one or more of the carboxylate salts, wherein R1 is one of the following: a chain hydrocarbon group, a heteroatom-containing chain hydrocarbon group, an aryl group, a heteroaryl group, a cyclic hydrocarbon group, or a heteroatom-containing cyclic hydrocarbon group, and the heteroatom contains an oxygen atom, A + However, Na + , K + NH4 + It includes one of the following.

[0009] In one or more embodiments of this application, a complexing reaction occurs between the provided hydroxycarboxylic acid complexing agent and metal cations in the perovskite material, thereby reducing the defect density and ion migration of the perovskite material.

[0010] In some examples, the R1 group includes at least one functional group, the functional group including one or two of a hydroxyl group and a carboxyl group.

[0011] In one or more embodiments of the present application, the hydroxycarboxylic acid complexing agent undergoes a complexation reaction with metal cations in the perovskite material through some hydroxy groups and some carboxyl groups, reducing the defect density and ion migration of the perovskite material.

[0012] In some embodiments, the hydroxycarboxylic acid complexing agent includes one or more of tartaric acid, heptonic acid, gluconic acid, and alginic acid, and / or the hydroxycarboxylic acid complexing agent includes one or more of the sodium salts, potassium salts, and ammonium salts of tartaric acid, heptonic acid, gluconic acid, and alginic acid.

[0013] In one or more embodiments of the present application, the hydroxycarboxylic acid complexing agent undergoes a complexation reaction with metal cations in the perovskite material through some hydroxy functional groups and carboxyl functional groups contained therein, reducing the migration of metal ions.

[0014] In some embodiments, the organic phosphonic acid complexing agent has a structural formula

Chemical formula

Chemical formula

[0015] In one or more embodiments of the present application, when the provided organic phosphonic acid complexing agent undergoes a complexation reaction with metal cations in the perovskite material, the defect density and ion migration of the perovskite material are reduced.

[0016] In some examples, R2 comprises at least one functional group, the functional group comprising one or more of a phosphonic acid group, a hydroxyl group, a carbon-carbon double bond, and an amino group.

[0017] In one or more embodiments of this application, the organic phosphonic acid complexing agent undergoes a complexing reaction with metal cations in the perovskite material via one or more of the phosphonic acid group, hydroxyl group, and amino group, thereby reducing the defect density and ion transfer of the perovskite material. The introduction of a carbon-carbon double bond is advantageous in forming a conjugated system, lowering the energy of the system, and improving the stability of the system.

[0018] In some examples, the organic phosphonic acid complexing agent comprises one or more of ethylenediaminetetramethylenephosphonic acid, etidronic acid, diethylenetriaminepentamethylenephosphonic acid, and aminotrimethylenephosphonic acid, and / or the organic phosphonic acid complexing agent comprises one or more of the sodium salt, potassium salt, and ammonium salt of ethylenediaminetetramethylenephosphonic acid, etidronic acid, diethylenetriaminepentamethylenephosphonic acid, and aminotrimethylenephosphonic acid.

[0019] In one or more embodiments of this application, the organic phosphonic acid complexing agent, due to the small number of phosphonic acid groups it contains, undergoes a complexing reaction with metal cations in the perovskite material, thereby reducing the movement of metal ions. Furthermore, the coordination atoms N and P contained in the organic phosphonic acid complexing agent readily form hydrogen bonds with the defect states of the perovskite, which is advantageous in reducing the defect density in the device and improving device efficiency.

[0020] In some examples, the polyacrylic acid complexing agent comprises one or more of polyacrylic acid, polyhydroxyacrylic acid, and polyacrylamide, and / or the polycrotonic acid complexing agent comprises one or more of polymaleic anhydride and maleic acid-acrylic acid copolymer.

[0021] In one or more embodiments of this application, polyacrylic acid-based complexing agents and / or polycrotonic acid-based complexing agents undergo complexing reactions with metal cations in the perovskite material due to the presence of some carboxylic acid groups and some hydroxyl groups, thereby reducing the mobility of metal ions.

[0022] In some embodiments, the perovskite light-absorbing layer comprises a perovskite composite layer containing a perovskite material and a complexing agent.

[0023] In one or more embodiments of this application, the perovskite material and the complexing agent together form a perovskite composite layer, thereby the complexing agent, acting as a bulk phase passivation agent, passivates several types of defects that may appear in the perovskite material during the formation process of the perovskite composite layer, and reduces the movement of metal ions in the perovskite material, thereby improving the device efficiency and stability of the perovskite solar cell.

[0024] In some embodiments, the perovskite light-absorbing layer comprises a perovskite layer and a complexing layer provided on one side of the perovskite layer, wherein the perovskite layer comprises a perovskite material and the complexing layer comprises a complexing agent.

[0025] In the embodiments of this application, the complexing agent passesivates interfacial defects in the perovskite layer by modifying at least one surface of the perovskite layer, and reduces the migration of metal ions in the perovskite material to adjacent carrier transport layers.

[0026] In some embodiments, the perovskite light-absorbing layer comprises a perovskite composite layer and a complexing layer, the complexing agent comprises a first complexing agent and a second complexing agent, the perovskite composite layer comprises the perovskite material and the first complexing agent, the complexing layer comprises the second complexing agent, and the first complexing agent and the second complexing agent are the same or different.

[0027] In one or more embodiments of this application, the perovskite composite layer provides the following benefits: a first complexing agent acts as a bulk phase passivation agent, passing through multiple types of defects that may appear in the perovskite material and reducing the movement of metal ions in the perovskite material; a second complexing agent acts as an interface passivation agent, passing through interface defects in the perovskite composite layer and reducing the movement of metal ions in the perovskite material to adjacent carrier transport layers; and the synergistic effect of the first and second complexing agents further passes through defects in the perovskite light absorption layer and reduces the movement of metal ions in the perovskite material, thereby improving the device efficiency and stability of the perovskite solar cell.

[0028] In some examples, the thickness of the perovskite layer or perovskite composite layer is 300 nm to 700 nm.

[0029] In one or more embodiments of this application, specific thicknesses of several perovskite layers or perovskite composite layers are provided, and by ensuring that the perovskite layers or perovskite composite layers are within the said thickness range, the perovskite solar cell having the perovskite layers or perovskite composite layers has good device performance.

[0030] In some examples, the thickness of the complexed layer is 10 nm to 80 nm.

[0031] In one or more embodiments of this application, specific thicknesses of several complexing layers are provided, and by having the complexing layer within such thickness range, a good passivation effect and good ability to reduce metal ion migration are obtained for the perovskite layer or perovskite composite layer, while the interfacial resistance of the complexing layer is low and the influence on charge transport between the perovskite layer or perovskite composite layer and the adjacent carrier transport layer is small.

[0032] In some embodiments, the perovskite solar cell includes a substrate stacked in order, a first electrode layer, a perovskite light-absorbing layer, and a second electrode layer.

[0033] In one or more embodiments of this application, several specific perovskite solar cell structures are provided. The first electrode layer and the second electrode layer can drive a load or store an electric charge by forming an external current circuit.

[0034] In some embodiments, the perovskite solar cell further includes a carrier transport layer provided between the first electrode layer and the perovskite light-absorbing layer, and / or between the second electrode layer and the perovskite light-absorbing layer.

[0035] In one or more embodiments of this application, a carrier transport layer provided in a perovskite solar cell contributes to transporting electron-hole pairs excited by photons in the perovskite light-absorbing layer to the electrode layer, thereby passivating defects and reducing non-radiation composites of electron-hole pairs in the perovskite light-absorbing layer, thereby improving the efficiency of the device.

[0036] In the second aspect, the embodiments of this application are as follows: The steps include preparing an intermediate member including a substrate and a first electrode layer, A step of forming a preform layer of a perovskite light-absorbing layer on a first electrode layer, comprising the step of adding a complexing agent containing one or more of a hydroxycarboxylic acid-based complexing agent, an organic phosphonic acid-based complexing agent, a polyacrylic acid-based complexing agent, and a polycrotonic acid-based complexing agent during the process of forming the preform layer of the perovskite light-absorbing layer, A method for manufacturing a perovskite solar cell is provided, comprising the steps of annealing a preform layer of a perovskite light-absorbing layer to obtain a perovskite light-absorbing layer.

[0037] In one or more embodiments of this application, a method for manufacturing a perovskite solar cell is provided, wherein the complexing agent passivates several types of defects that may appear in the perovskite light-absorbing layer during the formation process of the perovskite light-absorbing layer, thereby reducing the movement of metal ions in the perovskite.

[0038] In some embodiments, a first carrier transport layer is provided between the first electrode layer and the perovskite light absorption layer, and the method for manufacturing the perovskite solar cell is as follows: The steps include preparing an intermediate member including a substrate, a first electrode layer, and a first carrier transport layer, A step of forming a preform layer of a perovskite light-absorbing layer on a first carrier transport layer, wherein in the process of forming the preform layer of the perovskite light-absorbing layer, a complexing agent comprising one or more of a hydroxycarboxylic acid-based complexing agent, an organic phosphonic acid-based complexing agent, a polyacrylic acid-based complexing agent, and a polycrotonic acid-based complexing agent is added, The method includes the step of annealing a preform layer of a perovskite light-absorbing layer to obtain a perovskite light-absorbing layer.

[0039] In one or more embodiments of this application, a method for manufacturing a perovskite solar cell is provided, wherein the complexing agent passivates several types of defects that may appear in the perovskite light-absorbing layer during the formation process of the perovskite light-absorbing layer, thereby reducing the movement of metal ions in the perovskite.

[0040] In some embodiments, the step of forming a preform layer of a perovskite light-absorbing layer on a first carrier transport layer is: The process includes the step of coating a perovskite precursor solution containing a complexing agent onto a first carrier transport layer to form a perovskite composite layer.

[0041] In one or more embodiments of this application, the complexing agent and the perovskite material together form a perovskite light-absorbing layer, thereby passivating several types of defects that may appear in the perovskite material and reducing the movement of metal ions in the perovskite.

[0042] In some embodiments, the step of forming a preform layer of a perovskite light-absorbing layer on a first carrier transport layer is: The step of coating a perovskite precursor solution containing a complexing agent onto a first carrier transport layer, wherein the concentration of the complexing agent in the perovskite precursor solution is 10% or less of the concentration of the B-position cation of the perovskite precursor.

[0043] In one or more embodiments of this application, by adjusting the amount of complexing agent added to the perovskite precursor solution, various types of defects that may appear in the perovskite material are passivated and the movement of metal ions in the perovskite is reduced.

[0044] In some embodiments, the step of forming a preform layer of a perovskite light-absorbing layer on a first carrier transport layer is: The steps include forming a perovskite layer on a first carrier transport layer, The method includes the step of applying a complexing agent solution to a surface of the perovskite layer that is away from the first carrier transport layer.

[0045] In one or more embodiments of this application, a method for forming a complexing layer on a provided perovskite layer passivates potential interfacial defects between the perovskite layer and an adjacent carrier transport layer, reduces the migration of metal ions from the perovskite material to the adjacent carrier transport layer, and improves the device efficiency and stability of the perovskite solar cell.

[0046] In some examples, the concentration of the complexing agent solution is greater than 0 and 20 mg / ml or less.

[0047] In one or more embodiments of this application, the concentration of the complexing agent solution is greater than 0 and 20 mg / ml or less, thereby having a good ability to passivate interfacial defects and inhibit ion migration.

[0048] In some embodiments, the step of forming a preform layer of a perovskite light-absorbing layer on a first carrier transport layer is: A step of forming a perovskite composite layer by coating a perovskite precursor solution containing a complexing agent onto a first carrier transport layer, wherein the concentration of the complexing agent in the perovskite precursor solution is 10% or less of the concentration of the B-position cation of the perovskite precursor, The process includes the step of applying a complexing agent solution to a surface of the perovskite composite layer that is away from the first carrier transport layer.

[0049] In one or more embodiments of this application, the provided complexing agent is involved in the formation of a perovskite composite layer, and by forming a complexing layer on the surface of the perovskite composite layer, defects in the bulk phase of the perovskite material can be reduced, the movement of metal ions in the perovskite material can be reduced, and interfacial defects in the perovskite composite layer can be reduced, further reducing ion movement of the perovskite material to adjacent carrier transport layers, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion effect and / or stability of the corresponding perovskite solar cell.

[0050] In a third aspect, embodiments of the present application provide a solar module comprising a perovskite solar cell manufactured by any one of the perovskite solar cells provided in the first aspect, or a perovskite solar cell manufactured by any one of the perovskite solar cell manufacturing methods provided in the second aspect.

[0051] In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a power generation device including a solar module provided in a third aspect. The power generation device employs the solar module provided in the present application and has at least the same advantages as the solar module, and can improve the electrical performance of the power generation device.

[0052] In a fifth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides an electrical device including a solar module provided in a third aspect. The electrical device employs a solar cell provided in the present application and has at least the same advantages as the solar cell, and can improve the battery performance of the electrical device.

[0053] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments are briefly described below. The drawings described below are merely examples of some embodiments of this application, and it is clear that other drawings can be conceived based on these drawings without any creative effort. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0054] [Figure 1] This is a first schematic diagram of the structure of a perovskite solar cell provided in the embodiments of this application. [Figure 2] This is a second schematic diagram of the perovskite solar cell provided in the embodiments of this application. [Figure 3] This is a third schematic diagram of the perovskite solar cell provided in the embodiments of this application. [Figure 4] This is a fourth schematic diagram of the perovskite solar cell provided in the embodiments of this application. [Figure 5] This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a solar module provided in the embodiment of this application. [Figure 6] This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the power generation device provided in the embodiment of this application. [Figure 7] This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the electrical device provided in the embodiment of this application.

[0055] In drawings, the drawings are not created to the actual scale. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0056] In the following, with reference to the drawings of the embodiments of this application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described. Naturally, the embodiments described are only a part of the embodiments of this application, not all of them. All other embodiments obtained without creative effort based on the embodiments of this application shall all fall within the scope of protection of this application.

[0057] In this application, the terms “first,” “second,” and “third” are for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features shown. Thus, features limited by “first,” “second,” and “third” may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of this application, unless otherwise clearly and specifically limited, “multiple” means at least two, e.g., two, three, etc. In the embodiments of this application, all directional indications (e.g., up, down, left, right, front, back…) are merely for interpreting the relative positional relationships, motion, etc., between each member in a particular orientation (as shown in the drawings), and if that particular orientation changes, the directional indications will also change accordingly. The terms “include,” “have,” and any variations thereof are intended to cover the non-exclusive “include.” For example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus comprising a series of steps or units may, but is not limited to, the listed steps or units, optionally include further steps or units not listed, or optionally include other steps or units specific to those processes, methods, products, or apparatus.

[0058] Where the term "Examples" is described in this application, it means that the specific features, structures, or properties described by the Examples may be included in at least one Example of this Application. The term "Examples" appearing in different parts of the Specification does not necessarily refer to the same Examples, nor does it indicate Examples that are exclusively independent or alternative to other Examples. It is understood, expressly or implicitly, that Examples described herein may be combined with other Examples.

[0059] To improve the quality of perovskite layers and reduce various types of defects and ion migration in perovskites, researchers employ several methods to improve the materials and / or modify the interfaces of the perovskite layers. In some approaches, the quality of the perovskite layer is improved by regulating the crystal growth of the perovskite using an antisolvent method. However, such methods often result in an uncontrollable crystal morphology due to an excessively fast crystallization rate, thereby affecting the photoelectric conversion performance of the perovskite layer. In some other approaches, the crystallization rate of the perovskite is regulated by adding an additive to the antisolvent. However, such methods also affect the perovskite crystal, often resulting in uncontrollable crystal morphology and further limiting the efficiency and stability of the device.

[0060] The embodiments of this application provide a perovskite solar cell comprising a perovskite light-absorbing layer containing a perovskite material and a complexing agent, wherein the complexing agent comprises one or more of hydroxycarboxylic acid-based complexing agents, organic phosphonic acid-based complexing agents, polyacrylic acid-based complexing agents, and polycrotonic acid-based complexing agents.

[0061] The complexing agent possesses strong complexing ability, forming stable complexes with metal ions and suppressing the movement of metal ions. Furthermore, the coordinating atoms in the complexing agent form hydrogen bonds with the A-position cations of the perovskite, thereby suppressing the movement of the A-position cations. Therefore, the introduction of a complexing agent can passivate defects and suppress ion movement in perovskite solar cell devices, thereby achieving high efficiency and long-term stability of the device.

[0062] The technical solutions described in the embodiments of this application are perovskite solar cells and methods for manufacturing the same, and are applicable to perovskite solar cells. The perovskite solar cells used in forming the stacks disclosed in this application are further used in forming silicon-perovskite stack cells.

[0063] In the following, the present application will be described in detail while referring to the drawings and examples.

[0064] An example of the present application is a perovskite solar cell including a perovskite light absorption layer containing a perovskite material and a complexing agent, wherein the complexing agent includes one or more of a hydroxycarboxylic acid-based complexing agent, an organic phosphonic acid-based complexing agent, a polyacrylic acid-based complexing agent, and a polycrotonic acid-based complexing agent, and a perovskite solar cell is provided.

[0065] In an example of the present application, a perovskite solar cell is a solar cell that uses a perovskite-type semiconductor as a light absorption material and belongs to the third generation of solar cells. The perovskite light absorption layer represents the core member of the perovskite solar cell, absorbs the photon energy of sunlight, generates electron-hole pairs, separates the electron-hole pairs into free electrons and holes under the action of the built-in electric field, the holes pass through the hole transport layer and are collected by the first electrode layer, the electrons pass through the electron transport layer and are collected by the second electrode layer, and the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer are connected as a circuit to generate a photocurrent. The perovskite material refers to a material having the same crystal structure as CaTiO3, exhibits a cubic crystal phase in a stable state, and is used as the main forming material of the perovskite light absorption layer. In some examples, the perovskite material includes ABX3 or A2CDX6, where A includes one or more of methylamine cation MA + , formamidinium cation FA + , cesium cation Cs + , rubidium cation Rb + , B includes one or two of lead cation Pb 2+ , tin cation Sn 2+ , C includes silver cation Ag + , D includes one or more of bismuth cation Bi 3+ , antimony cation Sb 3+ , indium cation In 3+ , X includes chlorine anion Cl - , bromine anion Br - or iodine anion I- Includes one or more of the above.

[0066] Complexing agents possess strong complexing ability, forming stable complexes with metal ions in perovskites, reducing metal ion migration, passivating defects present in perovskites, and improving device efficiency and stability. Hydroxycarboxylic acid complexing agents contain some hydroxyl and carboxyl groups, organic phosphonic acid complexing agents contain some phosphonic acid groups, polyacrylic acid complexing agents contain some carboxyl groups, and polycrotonic acid complexing agents contain some carboxyl groups. They undergo complexing reactions with metal cations in perovskite materials, reducing metal ion migration and passivating defects present in perovskites.

[0067] One or more embodiments of this application provide a perovskite solar cell. The introduction of a complexing agent reduces the defect density of states in the device and enables passivation of the perovskite material. Due to its strong complexing ability, the complexing agent undergoes a complexing reaction with metal ions in the perovskite material, forming a stable complex and reducing the movement of metal ions. The corresponding perovskite solar cell passes through defects and reduces ion movement in the perovskite material, which is advantageous in reducing the decomposition of the perovskite light absorption layer and the inactivation of each functional layer, thereby improving the efficiency and stability of the device.

[0068] In some examples, the complexing agent includes a hydroxycarboxylic acid complexing agent, and the hydroxycarboxylic acid complexing agent has a structural formula [ka] The carboxylic acid, whose structural formula is [ka] It comprises one or more of the carboxylate salts, wherein R1 is one of the following: a chain hydrocarbon group, a heteroatom-containing chain hydrocarbon group, an aryl group, a heteroaryl group, a cyclic hydrocarbon group, or a heteroatom-containing cyclic hydrocarbon group, and the heteroatom contains an oxygen atom, A + However, Na + , K + NH4 + It includes one of the following.

[0069] In the embodiments of this application, a chain hydrocarbon group refers to a chain hydrocarbon group, where the hydrocarbon group includes one or more alkyl groups, alkenyl groups, and alkynyl groups. A heteroatom-containing chain hydrocarbon group refers to a group in which some of the elements in the carbon chain of a chain hydrocarbon group are substituted with elements other than carbon. An aryl group refers to a group from which one hydrogen atom has been removed from an unsaturated carbocyclic compound having special stability, and the atoms constituting the ring system are carbon atoms. A heteroaryl group refers to a group in which some of the carbon elements in the cyclic structure of an aryl group are substituted with elements other than carbon. A cyclic hydrocarbon group refers to a group from which one hydrogen atom has been removed from a saturated carbocyclic compound. A heteroatom-containing cyclic hydrocarbon group refers to a group in which some of the carbon elements in the cyclic structure of a cyclic hydrocarbon group are substituted with elements other than carbon.

[0070] Hydroxycarboxylic acid complexing agents contain a hydroxyl group directly attached to a carbon atom, and further contain a carboxyl group directly attached to a carbon atom, and undergo complexing reactions with metal cations in perovskite materials, thereby reducing the defect density of the perovskite material.

[0071] In one or more embodiments of this application, a complexing reaction occurs between the provided hydroxycarboxylic acid complexing agent and metal cations in the perovskite material, thereby reducing the defect density and ion migration of the perovskite material.

[0072] In some examples, the R1 group includes at least one functional group, the functional group including one or two of a hydroxyl group and a carboxyl group.

[0073] The R1 group may contain multiple functional groups, and all of these functional groups may be hydroxyl groups, or all of them may be carboxyl groups. Alternatively, some of the R1 group may be hydroxyl groups and some may be carboxyl groups.

[0074] In one or more embodiments of this application, the hydroxycarboxylic acid complexing agent, with a small number of hydroxyl and carboxyl groups, undergoes a complexing reaction with metal cations in the perovskite material, thereby reducing the defect density and ion migration of the perovskite material.

[0075] In some examples, the hydroxycarboxylic acid complexing agent comprises one or more of tartaric acid, heptonic acid, glucose acid, and alginic acid, and / or the hydroxycarboxylic acid complexing agent comprises one or more of the sodium salt, potassium salt, and ammonium salt of tartaric acid, heptonic acid, glucose acid, and alginic acid.

[0076] In the examples of this application, the molecular structural formula of tartaric acid is [ka] The molecular structure of heptonic acid is [ka] The molecular structure of glucose acid is [ka] The chemical formula for alginic acid is (C6H8O6)N, and the range of N is 1 to 20.

[0077] In one or more embodiments of this application, the hydroxycarboxylic acid complexing agent, through some hydroxyl and carboxyl functional groups contained herein, undergoes a complexing reaction with metal cations in the perovskite material, thereby reducing the movement of metal ions.

[0078] In some examples, the organic phosphonic acid complexing agent has a structural formula [ka] Organic phosphonic acid, whose structural formula is [ka] It contains one or more of the organic phosphonates, where R2 is one of a chain hydrocarbon group or a heteroatom-containing chain hydrocarbon group, and the heteroatom contains one or more of a nitrogen atom, a phosphorus atom, and an oxygen atom, A + However, Na + , K + NH4 + It includes one of the following.

[0079] In one or more embodiments of this application, a complexing reaction occurs between the provided organic phosphonic acid complexing agent and metal cations in the perovskite material, thereby reducing the defect density and ion migration of the perovskite material.

[0080] In some examples, R2 comprises at least one functional group, the functional group comprising one or more of a phosphonic acid group, a hydroxyl group, a carbon-carbon double bond, and an amino group.

[0081] The chemical formula for a phosphonic acid group is -PO3H2. R2 may contain multiple functional groups, and these multiple functional groups may all be the same group, or at least two of the following: a phosphonic acid group, a hydroxyl group, a carbon-carbon double bond, or an amino group.

[0082] In one or more embodiments of this application, the organic phosphonic acid complexing agent undergoes a complexing reaction with metal cations in the perovskite material via one or more of the phosphonic acid group, hydroxyl group, and amino group, thereby reducing the defect density and ion transfer of the perovskite material. The introduction of a carbon-carbon double bond is advantageous in forming a conjugated system, lowering the energy of the system, and improving the stability of the system.

[0083] In some examples, the complexing agent includes an organic phosphonic acid complexing agent, which includes one or two of an organic phosphonic acid or a salt of an organic phosphonic acid. The organic phosphonic acid complexing agent includes a phosphonic acid group directly attached to a carbon atom, and the organic phosphonic acid includes one or more of ethylenediaminetetramethylenephosphonic acid, etidronic acid, diethylenetriaminepentamethylenephosphonic acid, and aminotrimethylenephosphonic acid. The salt of the organic phosphonic acid includes one or more of a sodium salt, a potassium salt, and an ammonium salt.

[0084] In the examples of this application, the molecular structural formula of ethylenediaminetetramethylenephosphonic acid is [ka] The molecular structure of etidronic acid is [ka] The molecular structure of diethylenetriaminepentamethylenephosphonic acid is [ka] The molecular structure of aminotrimethylenephosphonic acid is [ka] That is the case.

[0085] In one or more embodiments of this application, the organic phosphonic acid complexing agent undergoes a complexing reaction with metal cations in the perovskite material due to the small amount of phosphonic acid groups it contains, thereby reducing the movement of metal ions. Furthermore, the coordination atoms N and P contained in the organic phosphonic acid complexing agent readily form hydrogen bonds with defects in the perovskite material, which is advantageous in reducing the defect density in the device and improving device efficiency.

[0086] In some examples, the polyacrylic acid complexing agent comprises one or more of polyacrylic acid, polyhydroxyacrylic acid, and polyacrylamide, and / or the polycrotonic acid complexing agent comprises one or more of polymaleic anhydride and maleic acid-acrylic acid copolymer.

[0087] In the examples of this application, the molecular structural formula of polyacrylic acid is [ka] The range of n is 3000 to 9000. The molecular structure of polyhydroxyacrylic acid is [ka] The range of n is 3000 to 9000. The molecular structure of polyacrylamide is [ka] The range of n is 300 to 900. The molecular structure of polymaleic anhydride is [ka] The range of n is 8 to 25. The molecular structure of the maleic acid-acrylic acid copolymer is [ka] The range of n is 3000 to 6000, and the range of m is 8 to 15.

[0088] In one or more embodiments of this application, the polyacrylic acid complexing agent undergoes a complexing reaction with metal cations in the perovskite material due to the presence of some carboxylic acid groups and some hydroxyl groups, thereby reducing the movement of metal ions.

[0089] In some embodiments, the perovskite light-absorbing layer comprises a perovskite composite layer containing a perovskite material and a complexing agent.

[0090] In one or more embodiments of this application, the perovskite material and the complexing agent together form a perovskite composite layer, thereby the complexing agent, acting as a bulk phase passivation agent, passivates several types of defects that may appear in the perovskite material during the formation process of the perovskite composite layer, and reduces the movement of metal ions in the perovskite material, thereby improving the device efficiency and stability of the perovskite solar cell.

[0091] In some embodiments, the perovskite light-absorbing layer comprises a perovskite layer and a complexing layer provided on one side of the perovskite layer, wherein the perovskite layer comprises a perovskite material and the complexing layer comprises a complexing agent.

[0092] In the embodiments of this application, the complexing agent modifies at least one surface of the perovskite layer to passivate interfacial defects in the perovskite layer and to reduce the migration of metal ions of the perovskite to adjacent carrier transport layers.

[0093] In one or more embodiments of this application, the complexing agent forms a complex layer on one surface of the perovskite layer, thereby passivating interfacial defects in the perovskite layer and reducing the movement of metal ions from the perovskite material to adjacent carrier transport layers.

[0094] In some embodiments, the perovskite light-absorbing layer comprises a perovskite composite layer and a complexing layer, the complexing agent comprises a first complexing agent and a second complexing agent, the perovskite composite layer comprises the perovskite material and the first complexing agent, the complexing layer comprises the second complexing agent, and the first complexing agent and the second complexing agent are the same or different.

[0095] In one or more embodiments of this application, the perovskite composite layer provides the following benefits: a first complexing agent acts as a bulk phase passivation agent, passing through multiple types of defects that may appear in the perovskite material and reducing the movement of metal ions in the perovskite material; a second complexing agent acts as an interface passivation agent, passing through interface defects in the perovskite composite layer and reducing the movement of metal ions in the perovskite material to adjacent carrier transport layers; and the synergistic effect of the first and second complexing agents further passes through defects in the perovskite light absorption layer and reduces the movement of metal ions in the perovskite material, thereby improving the device efficiency and stability of the perovskite solar cell.

[0096] In some examples, the thickness of the perovskite layer or perovskite composite layer is 300 nm to 700 nm.

[0097] In the embodiments of this application, the thickness of the perovskite layer or perovskite composite layer is 300 nm to 700 nm. Exemplarily, the thickness of the perovskite layer may be 300 nm, 400 nm, 500 nm, 600 nm, or 700 nm, or 350 nm, 450 nm, 550 nm, or 650 nm, and may be specifically set as needed.

[0098] In one or more embodiments of this application, specific thicknesses of several perovskite layers or perovskite composite layers are provided, and by ensuring that the perovskite layers or perovskite composite layers are within the said thickness range, the perovskite solar cell having the perovskite layers or perovskite composite layers has good device performance.

[0099] In some examples, the thickness of the complexed layer is 10 nm to 80 nm.

[0100] In the embodiments of this application, the thickness of the complexed layer is 10 nm to 80 nm. Exemplarily, the thickness of the complexed layer may be 10 nm, 30 nm, 50 nm, 60 nm, or 80 nm, or 20 nm, 40 nm, or 70 nm, and may be specifically set as needed.

[0101] In one or more embodiments of this application, specific thicknesses of several complexing layers are provided, and by having the complexing layer within such thickness range, a good passivation effect and good ability to reduce metal ion migration are obtained for the perovskite layer or perovskite composite layer, while the interfacial resistance of the complexing layer is low and the influence on charge transport between the perovskite layer or perovskite composite layer and the adjacent carrier transport layer is small.

[0102] In the second aspect, the embodiments of this application are as follows: The steps include preparing an intermediate member including a substrate and a first electrode layer, A step of forming a preform layer of a perovskite light-absorbing layer on the first electrode layer, comprising the step of adding a complexing agent containing one or more of a hydroxycarboxylic acid-based complexing agent, an organic phosphonic acid-based complexing agent, a polyacrylic acid-based complexing agent, and a polycrotonic acid-based complexing agent during the process of forming the preform layer of the perovskite light-absorbing layer, The present invention provides a method for manufacturing a perovskite solar cell, comprising the steps of annealing the preform layer of the perovskite light-absorbing layer to obtain the perovskite light-absorbing layer.

[0103] In the embodiments of this application, the substrate supports the first electrode layer and transmits incident light. In some embodiments, the substrate is made of a light-transmitting material. In some embodiments, the substrate is made of glass. The first electrode layer represents one output terminal of the perovskite solar cell. The perovskite light-absorbing layer absorbs the photon energy of sunlight, generating electron-hole pairs and, under the action of an internal electric field, separating the electron-hole pairs into free electrons and holes. The holes pass through a hole transport layer and are collected by one electrode layer, and the electrons pass through an electron transport layer and are collected by another electrode layer, and the two electrode layers are connected as a circuit to generate a photocurrent. The preform layer of the perovskite light-absorbing layer represents an intermediate product of the perovskite light-absorbing layer without the annealing step. In some embodiments, the first electrode layer is made of a light-transmitting material.

[0104] In one or more embodiments of this application, the annealing process parameters are set to hold the material for 10 to 30 minutes under conditions of a temperature of 60°C to 200°C. Exemplarily, the annealing temperature may be 60°C, 130°C, 165°C, 200°C, or 95°C, 150°C, 180°C, and may be set reasonably as needed. Exemplarily, the annealing time may be 10 min, 20 min, 30 min, or 15 min, 25 min, and may be set reasonably as needed.

[0105] In one or more embodiments of this application, a method for manufacturing a perovskite solar cell is provided, wherein the complexing agent passivates several types of defects that may appear in the perovskite light-absorbing layer during the formation process of the perovskite light-absorbing layer, thereby reducing the movement of metal ions in the perovskite.

[0106] In some embodiments, a first carrier transport layer is provided between the first electrode layer and the perovskite light absorption layer, and the method for manufacturing the perovskite solar cell is as follows: The steps include preparing an intermediate member including a substrate, a first electrode layer, and a first carrier transport layer, The process includes forming a preform layer of a perovskite light-absorbing layer on a first carrier transport layer, wherein, in the process of forming the preform layer of the perovskite light-absorbing layer, a complexing agent comprising one or more of a hydroxycarboxylic acid-based complexing agent, an organic phosphonic acid-based complexing agent, a polyacrylic acid-based complexing agent, and a polycrotonic acid-based complexing agent is added.

[0107] In one or more embodiments of this application, a method for manufacturing a perovskite solar cell is provided, wherein the complexing agent passivates several types of defects that may appear in the perovskite light-absorbing layer during the formation process of the perovskite light-absorbing layer, thereby reducing the movement of metal ions in the perovskite.

[0108] The first carrier transport layer is one of either a hole transport layer or an electron transport layer. The hole transport layer collects and transports holes, achieving effective electron-hole separation. The electron transport layer is used as a functional layer to collect electrons generated when a perovskite light absorption layer absorbs photons under light irradiation conditions.

[0109] In one or more embodiments of this application, a method for manufacturing a perovskite solar cell is provided, wherein the complexing agent passivates several types of defects that may appear in the perovskite light-absorbing layer during the formation process of the perovskite light-absorbing layer, thereby reducing the movement of metal ions in the perovskite.

[0110] In some embodiments, the step of forming a preform layer of a perovskite light-absorbing layer on a first carrier transport layer is: The process includes the step of coating a perovskite precursor solution containing a complexing agent onto a first carrier transport layer to form a perovskite composite layer.

[0111] A perovskite precursor solution is a liquid containing a precursor that forms the perovskite material as a solute. In some examples, the perovskite precursor solution is formed by adding lead iodide (PbI2), formamidinium iodide (FAI), and methylamine hydrochloride (MACl) to dimethyl sulfoxide DMSO and N,N-dimethylformamide DMF. In some examples, the molar ratio of lead iodide (PbI2), formamidinium iodide (FAI), and methylamine hydrochloride (MACl) is (1.4~1.6):(0.9~1.5):(0.3~0.6).

[0112] In one or more embodiments of this application, the complexing agent and the perovskite material together form a perovskite light-absorbing layer, thereby passivating several types of defects that may appear in the perovskite material and reducing the movement of metal ions in the perovskite.

[0113] In some embodiments, the step of forming a preform layer of a perovskite light-absorbing layer on a first carrier transport layer is: The step of coating a perovskite precursor solution containing a complexing agent onto a first carrier transport layer, wherein the concentration of the complexing agent in the perovskite precursor solution is 10% or less of the concentration of the B-position cation of the perovskite precursor.

[0114] In one or more embodiments of this application, in a perovskite precursor solution containing a complexing agent, the concentration of the complexing agent is 10% or less of the concentration of the B-position cation of the perovskite precursor, thereby enhancing the passivation effect of interfacial defects between the perovskite layer and the carrier transport layer, and effectively improving the device efficiency and stability of the perovskite solar cell. Exemplarily, in a perovskite precursor solution containing a complexing agent, the concentration of the complexing agent is 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7%, 0.8%, 0.9%, 1%, 1.1%, 1.2%, 1.3%, 1.4%, 1.5%, 1.6%, 1.7%, 1.8%, 1.9%, 2%, 2.1%, 2.2%, 2.3%, 2.4%, 2.5%, 2.6%, 2.7%, 2.8%, 2.9%, 3%, 3.1%, 3.2%, 3.3%, 3.4%, 3.5%, 3.6%, 3.7%, 3.8%, 3.9%, 4%, 4.1%, 4.2%, 4.3%, 4.4%, 4.5%, 4.6%, 4.7%, 4.8%, 4.9%, 5%, 5.1%, 5.2%, 5.3%, 5.4%, 5.5%, 5.6%, 5.7%, 5.8%, 5.9%, 6%, 6.1%, 6.2%, 6.3%, 6.4%, 6.5%, 6.6%, 6.7%, 6.8%, 6.9%, 7%, 7.1%, 7.2%, 7.3%, 7.4%, 7.5%, 7.6%, 7.7%, 7.8%, 7.9%, 8%, 8.1%, 8.2%, 8.3% These are %, 8.4%, 8.5%, 8.6%, 8.7%, 8.8%, 8.9%, 9%, 9.1%, 9.2%, 9.3%, 9.4%, 9.5%, 9.6%, 9.7%, 9.8%, 9.9%, and 10%, and may also be 0.1%~1.5%, 1.4%~4%, 3.5%~6%, 5%~8%, or 6.5%~10%, and should be set reasonably as needed.

[0115] The presence of complexing agents in perovskite light-absorbing layers can be characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). This characterization method involves irradiating the perovskite light-absorbing layer to be characterized with X-rays, exciting and emitting inner layer electrons or valence electrons of atoms or molecules. Electrons excited by photons are called photoelectrons. By measuring the energy of the photoelectrons and using the kinetic energy / binding energy of the photoelectrons as the x-coordinate and the relative intensity as the y-coordinate, a corresponding photoelectron energy spectrum can be created. By analyzing the photoelectron energy spectrum, relevant information such as the elemental composition and content, chemical state, molecular structure, and chemical bonding of the perovskite light-absorbing layer to be characterized can be obtained. The presence of complexing agents in the perovskite light-absorbing layer is qualitatively characterized by the characterized relevant information. After removing other layers from the perovskite light-absorbing layer, the perovskite light-absorbing layer is dissolved in the solvent DMF, and the content of the perovskite layer and complexing agent can be measured by liquid chromatography.

[0116] In one or more embodiments of this application, by adjusting the amount of complexing agent added to the perovskite precursor solution, various types of defects that may appear in the perovskite material are passivated and the movement of metal ions in the perovskite is reduced.

[0117] In some embodiments, the step of forming a preform layer of a perovskite light-absorbing layer on a first carrier transport layer is: The steps include forming a perovskite layer on a first carrier transport layer, The method includes the step of applying a complexing agent solution to a surface of the perovskite layer that is away from the first carrier transport layer.

[0118] In the embodiments of this application, the complexing agent solution refers to a solution containing a complexing agent as a solute. The solvent in the complexing agent solution is specifically selected according to the properties of the complexing agent. In some embodiments, polar solvents such as methanol, ethanol, and isopropyl alcohol can be selected as the solvent in the complexing agent solution.

[0119] In one or more embodiments of this application, a method for forming a complexing layer on a provided perovskite layer passivates potential interfacial defects between the perovskite layer and an adjacent carrier transport layer, reduces the migration of metal ions from the perovskite material to the adjacent carrier transport layer, and improves the device efficiency and stability of the perovskite solar cell.

[0120] In some examples, the concentration of the complexing agent solution is greater than 0 and 20 mg / ml or less.

[0121] In one or more embodiments of this application, the concentration of the complexing agent solution is greater than 0 and 20 mg / ml or less, thereby having a good ability to passivate interfacial defects and inhibit ion transfer. For example, the concentration of the complexing agent solution may be 1 mg / ml, 2 mg / ml, 5 mg / ml, 10 mg / ml, 15 mg / ml, 20 mg / ml, or 3 mg / ml, 7 mg / ml, 12 mg / ml, 16 mg / ml, 18 mg / ml, and can be reasonably set as needed.

[0122] In some embodiments, the step of forming a preform layer of a perovskite light-absorbing layer on a first carrier transport layer is: A step of forming a perovskite composite layer by coating a perovskite precursor solution containing a complexing agent onto a first carrier transport layer, wherein the concentration of the complexing agent in the perovskite precursor solution is 10% or less of the concentration of the B-position cation of the perovskite precursor, The process includes the step of applying a complexing agent solution to a surface of the perovskite composite layer that is away from the first carrier transport layer.

[0123] In one or more embodiments of this application, in a perovskite precursor solution containing a complexing agent, the concentration of the complexing agent is 10% or less of the concentration of the B-position cation of the perovskite precursor, thereby enhancing the passivation effect of interfacial defects between the perovskite composite layer and the carrier transport layer, and effectively improving the device efficiency and stability of the perovskite solar cell. Exemplarily, in a perovskite precursor solution containing a complexing agent, the concentration of the complexing agent is 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7%, 0.8%, 0.9%, 1%, 1.1%, 1.2%, 1.3%, 1.4%, 1.5%, 1.6%, 1.7%, 1.8%, 1.9%, and 2% of the B-position cation of the perovskite precursor. 2.1%, 2.2%, 2.3%, 2.4%, 2.5%, 2.6%, 2.7%, 2.8%, 2.9%, 3%, 3.1%, 3.2%, 3.3%, 3.4%, 3.5%, 3.6%, 3.7%, 3.8%, 3.9%, 4%, 4.1%, 4.2%, 4.3%, 4.4%, 4.5%, 4.6%, 4.7%, 4.8%, 4.9%, 5%, 5.1%, 5 0.2%, 5.3%, 5.4%, 5.5%, 5.6%, 5.7%, 5.8%, 5.9%, 6%, 6.1%, 6.2%, 6.3%, 6.4%, 6.5%, 6.6%, 6.7%, 6.8%, 6.9%, 7%, 7.1%, 7.2%, 7.3%, 7.4%, 7.5%, 7.6%, 7.7%, 7.8%, 7.9%, 8%, 8.1%, 8.2%, 8.3% These are %, 8.4%, 8.5%, 8.6%, 8.7%, 8.8%, 8.9%, 9%, 9.1%, 9.2%, 9.3%, 9.4%, 9.5%, 9.6%, 9.7%, 9.8%, 9.9%, and 10%, and may also be 0.1%~1.5%, 1.4%~4%, 3.5%~6%, 5%~8%, or 6.5%~10%, and should be set reasonably as needed.

[0124] In one or more embodiments of this application, the provided complexing agent is involved in the formation of a perovskite composite layer, and by forming a complexing layer on the surface of the perovskite composite layer, defects in the bulk phase of the perovskite material can be reduced, the movement of metal ions in the perovskite material can be reduced, and interfacial defects in the perovskite composite layer can be reduced, further reducing ion movement of the perovskite material to adjacent carrier transport layers, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion effect and / or stability of the corresponding perovskite solar cell.

[0125] Referring to Figure 1, which is a schematic diagram of the first structure of a perovskite solar cell provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0126] The embodiment of this application provides a perovskite solar cell 100 that includes a substrate 10 arranged in order, a first electrode layer 20, a perovskite light absorption layer 30, and a second electrode layer 40.

[0127] In the embodiments of this application, the substrate 10 has a first electrode layer 20, a perovskite light-absorbing layer 30, and a second electrode layer 40 on it, and transmits incident light. In some embodiments, the substrate 10 is a light-transmitting material. In some embodiments, the light-transmitting material is glass. The first electrode layer 20 represents one output terminal of the perovskite solar cell 100. The perovskite light-absorbing layer 30 absorbs photon energy from sunlight, generating electron-hole pairs, and separates these electron-hole pairs into free electrons and holes under the action of an internal electric field. The holes pass through a hole transport layer and are collected by one electrode layer, and the electrons pass through an electron transport layer and are collected by another electrode layer, and the two electrode layers are connected as a circuit to generate a photocurrent. The second electrode layer 40 represents the other output terminal of the perovskite solar cell 100 and is required to have high conductivity and stability. In some embodiments, the first electrode layer 20 is made of a light-transmitting material. In some embodiments, the second electrode layer 40 may be made of a light-transmitting material or a light-impermeable material.

[0128] In one or more embodiments of this application, several specific structures of perovskite solar cells 100 are provided. The first electrode layer 20 and the second electrode layer 40 can drive a load or store an electric quantity by forming an external current circuit.

[0129] Referring to Figure 2, which is a second schematic diagram of the structure of a perovskite solar cell provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0130] In some embodiments, with reference to Figure 2, embodiments of the present application provide a perovskite solar cell 100 that further includes a carrier transport layer 50 in addition to the structure shown in Figure 1. The carrier transport layer 50 may include a first carrier transport layer 51 provided between the first electrode layer 20 and the perovskite light absorption layer 30, or a second carrier transport layer 52 provided between the second electrode layer 40 and the perovskite light absorption layer 30.

[0131] The carrier transport layer 50 represents a functional layer that collects electrons or holes generated when the perovskite light absorption layer 30 absorbs photons under light irradiation conditions. In some embodiments, the first carrier transport layer 51 is an electron transport layer and the second carrier transport layer 52 is a hole transport layer, and the corresponding perovskite solar cell 100 is a forward-facing device. In some embodiments, the first carrier transport layer 51 is a hole transport layer and the second carrier transport layer 52 is an electron transport layer, and the corresponding perovskite solar cell 100 is an inverted-facing device.

[0132] In one or more embodiments of this application, the carrier transport layer 50 provided in the perovskite solar cell 100 contributes to transporting electron-hole pairs excited by photons in the perovskite light absorption layer 30 to the first electrode layer 20 and / or the second electrode layer 40, thereby passivating defects and reducing non-radiation composites of electron-hole pairs in the perovskite light absorption layer 30, thereby improving the efficiency of the device.

[0133] Referring to Figures 3 and 4, Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a third structure of a perovskite solar cell provided in an embodiment of the present application, and Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a fourth structure of a perovskite solar cell provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0134] In some embodiments, referring to Figure 3, the perovskite light-absorbing layer 30 includes a perovskite layer 31 formed by coating a perovskite precursor solution onto a first carrier transport layer 51, and a complexing layer 32 formed by coating a complexing agent solution onto a surface of the perovskite layer away from the first carrier transport layer, wherein the complexing agent includes one or more of hydroxycarboxylic acid-based complexing agents, organic phosphonic acid-based complexing agents, polyacrylic acid-based complexing agents, and polycrotonic acid-based complexing agents.

[0135] In some embodiments, referring to Figure 4, the perovskite light-absorbing layer 30 includes a perovskite composite layer 33 formed by coating a perovskite precursor solution containing a first complexing agent onto a first carrier transport layer 51, and a complexing layer 32 formed by coating a second complexing agent onto a surface of the perovskite composite layer 33 away from the first carrier transport layer, wherein the first and second complexing agents are independently selected from hydroxycarboxylic acid-based complexing agents, organic phosphonic acid-based complexing agents, polyacrylic acid-based complexing agents, and polycrotonic acid-based complexing agents.

[0136] Refer to Figure 5, which is a schematic diagram of the structure of a solar module provided in the embodiment of this application.

[0137] In a third aspect, with reference to Figure 5, an embodiment of the present application provides a solar module 1000 comprising one of the perovskite solar cells 100 provided in the first aspect, or a perovskite solar cell 100 manufactured by a method for manufacturing one of the perovskite solar cells 100 provided in the second or third aspect.

[0138] In the embodiments of this application, the solar module 1000 represents an integrated module comprising a plurality of perovskite solar cells 100. The solar module 1000 comprises several battery strings 200, each battery string 200 comprising a plurality of perovskite solar cells 100 connected in series by connectors such as ribbons.

[0139] The solar module 1000 further includes, in addition to the battery string 200, a surface glass 300, a surface package adhesive film 400, a back package adhesive film 500, a back glass 600, and the like. For example, the solar module 1000 includes a surface glass 300, a surface package adhesive film 400, a battery string 200, a back package adhesive film 500, and a back glass 600, which are sequentially stacked and distributed in the thickness direction.

[0140] Referring to Figure 6, which is a schematic diagram of the structure of a power generation device provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0141] In a fourth aspect, referring to Figure 6, an embodiment of the present application provides a power generation device 2000 including a solar module 1000 provided in a third aspect. The power generation device 2000 employs the solar module 1000 provided in the present application and has at least the same advantages as the solar module 1000, and can improve the electrical performance of the power generation device 2000.

[0142] In the embodiment of this application, the solar module 1000 serves as an energy source for the power generation device 2000, realizing the output of electrical energy for the power generation device 2000. The power generation device 2000 employs the solar module 1000 provided in this application and can improve the power generation performance of the power generation device 2000 while possessing at least the same advantages as the solar module 1000. Exemplarily, the power generation device 2000 can be applied to fields such as the use of electricity in buildings, the use of electricity in wearable devices, the use of electricity in smartphones, and the use of electricity in automotive batteries.

[0143] Refer to Figure 7, which is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electrical device provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0144] In the fifth aspect, with reference to Figure 7, an embodiment of the present application provides an electrical device 3000 including a solar module 1000 provided in the third aspect. The electrical device 3000 employs the solar module 1000 provided in the present application and can improve the battery performance of the electrical device 3000, having at least the same advantages as the solar module 1000.

[0145] The features and performance of this application will be further described in detail below with reference to examples. [Examples]

[0146] Example 1 The manufacturing of the perovskite solar cell 100 includes the following steps:

[0147] In step (1), the substrate 10 was ultrasonically cleaned with anhydrous ethanol, acetone, and isopropyl alcohol in that order, and then dried.

[0148] In step (2), the cleaned substrate 10 was treated with ultraviolet ozone for 10 to 20 minutes, after which the first electrode layer 20 was manufactured. The material of the first electrode layer 20 is FTO (fluorine-doped tin dioxide).

[0149] In step (3), the first carrier transport layer 51 was fabricated as follows: A SnO2 hydrocolloid dispersion with a mass fraction of 15% was spin-coated onto the prepared first electrode layer 20 at a speed of 4000 rpm, and the mixture was annealed on a hot table at 150°C for 10 minutes to obtain a first carrier transport layer 51 (electron transport layer) with a thickness of 30 nm.

[0150] In step (4), the perovskite composite layer 33 was prepared as follows: A perovskite precursor solution containing a complexing agent was spin-coated onto the surface of the first carrier transport layer 51 away from the first electrode layer 20 at a speed of 4000 rpm for 15 seconds. 10 seconds after the start of spin-coating, 600 μL of chlorobenzene was added dropwise as an antisolvent, and the mixture was annealed on a hot table at 100°C for 60 minutes to obtain a perovskite composite layer 33 with a thickness of 500 nm. The perovskite precursor solution containing the complexing agent was formed by adding 705.34 mg of PbI2, 240.8 mg of FAI, 33.78 mg of MACl, and 2.30 mg of tartaric acid to 100 μL of DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide) and 900 μL of DMF (N,N-dimethylformamide), and stirring for 8 to 12 hours.

[0151] In step (5), the second carrier transport layer 52 was prepared as follows: 72.3 mg of spiro-OMeTAD (2,2',7,7'-tetrakis[N,N-di(4-methoxyphenyl)amino]-9,9'-spirobifluorene) was weighed, dissolved in 1 mL of chlorobenzene, and stirred until completely dissolved. Li-TFSI (bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide lithium) was added to acetonitrile and stirred until homogeneous to obtain a Li-TFSI solution with a mass concentration of 520 mg / mL. 18 μL of the Li-TFSI solution and 29 μL of 4-t-butylpyridine (tBP) were weighed and added to 1 mL of the spiro-OMeTAD solution, and stirred until homogeneous to obtain mixed solution A. 100 μL of mixed solution A was taken and spin-coated at a speed of 4000 rpm onto the surface of the perovskite light absorption layer 30, away from the first carrier transport layer 51. Annealing was performed on a hot table at 150°C for 10 minutes to obtain a second carrier transport layer 52 with a thickness of approximately 100 nm.

[0152] In step (6), the second electrode layer 40 was fabricated as follows: Au atoms were deposited onto the surface of the second carrier transport layer 52 at a rate of 0.1 A / s in a vacuum atmosphere onto the thin film on which the second carrier transport layer 52 had been fabricated, forming a second electrode layer 40 with an average thickness of 80 nm.

[0153] The perovskite solar cell 100 manufactured in this embodiment will be referred to as Sample 1.

[0154] Example 2 This embodiment provides a method for manufacturing a perovskite solar cell 100. The differences from Example 1 are as follows. In the perovskite precursor solution containing the complexing agent in step (4), the tartaric acid has a concentration of 0.0765 mmol / mL and a mass of 11.48 mg.

[0155] Otherwise, it is the same as in Example 1.

[0156] The perovskite solar cell 100 manufactured in this embodiment will be referred to as Sample 2.

[0157] Example 3 This embodiment provides a method for manufacturing a perovskite solar cell 100. The differences from Example 1 are as follows. In the perovskite precursor solution containing the complexing agent in step (4), the tartaric acid has a concentration of 0.1224 mmol / mL and a mass of 18.37 mg.

[0158] Otherwise, it is the same as in Example 1.

[0159] The perovskite solar cell 100 manufactured in this embodiment will be designated as Sample 3.

[0160] Example 4 This embodiment provides a method for manufacturing a perovskite solar cell 100. The differences from Example 1 are as follows. In step (3), 2 mg / mL of PTAA (poly[bis(4-phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amine]) was spin-coated onto the prepared first electrode layer 20 at a speed of 5000 rpm / s for a spin-coating time of 30 s. Annealing was then performed on a hot table at 100°C for 10 minutes to form a second carrier transport layer 52 (hole transport layer) with a thickness of 50 nm.

[0161] In step (5), the manufactured base is placed in the vapor deposition chamber, and the vapor deposition vacuum is set to 5 × 10 -4 After waiting until the pressure fell below Pa, a 30 nm thick layer of C60 (carbon 60) was deposited onto the surface of the perovskite light absorption layer 30 at a rate of 0.05 A / s to form the first carrier transport layer 51 (electron transport layer).

[0162] Otherwise, it is the same as in Example 1.

[0163] The perovskite solar cell 100 manufactured in this embodiment will be designated as Sample 4.

[0164] Example 5 This embodiment provides a method for manufacturing a perovskite solar cell 100. The differences from Example 1 are as follows. (1) In step (4) of this embodiment, tartaric acid was not added in the process of forming the perovskite precursor solution. For the purposes of explanation, the processes employed in the method of compounding and arranging the precursor components in the perovskite precursor solution formed in step (4) of this embodiment are the same as the processes employed in the method of compounding and arranging the precursor components in the perovskite precursor solution formed in step (4) of Example 1.

[0165] (2) In step (4) of this embodiment, after forming the perovskite layer 31, the surface of the perovskite layer 31 away from the first carrier transport layer 51 was further spin-coated with 1 mg / ml of tartaric acid at a speed of 4000 rpm for 15 s, and annealed on a hot table at 100°C for 60 min to obtain a complexed layer 32 with a thickness of 10 nm.

[0166] Otherwise, it is the same as in Example 1.

[0167] The perovskite solar cell 100 manufactured in this embodiment will be designated as Sample 5.

[0168] Example 6 This embodiment provides a method for manufacturing a perovskite solar cell 100. The differences from Example 5 are as follows. In step (4), the concentration of tartaric acid is 5 mg / ml.

[0169] Otherwise, it is the same as in Example 5.

[0170] The perovskite solar cell 100 manufactured in this embodiment will be designated as Sample 6.

[0171] Example 7 This embodiment provides a method for manufacturing a perovskite solar cell 100. The differences from Example 5 are as follows. In step (4), the concentration of tartaric acid is 20 mg / ml.

[0172] Otherwise, it is the same as in Example 5.

[0173] The perovskite solar cell 100 manufactured in this embodiment will be designated as Sample 7.

[0174] Example 8 This embodiment provides a method for manufacturing a perovskite solar cell 100. The differences from Example 3 are as follows. In step (4) of this embodiment, after forming the perovskite composite layer 33, the surface of the perovskite composite layer 33 away from the first carrier transport layer 51 was further spin-coated with 5 mg / ml tartaric acid at a speed of 4000 rpm for 15 s, and annealed on a hot table at 100°C for 60 min to obtain a complexed layer 32 with a thickness of 10 nm. For the purposes of explanation, the formulation method and process parameters used in the manufacturing process of the perovskite composite layer 33 formed in step (4) of this embodiment are the same as the formulation method and process parameters used in the manufacturing process of the perovskite composite layer 33 formed in step (4) of Example 3.

[0175] Otherwise, it is the same as in Example 3.

[0176] The perovskite solar cell 100 manufactured in this embodiment will be designated as Sample 8.

[0177] Example 9 This embodiment provides a method for manufacturing a perovskite solar cell 100. The differences from Example 3 are as follows. In the perovskite precursor solution containing the complexing agent in step (4), the complexing agent is sodium heptonate.

[0178] Otherwise, it is the same as in Example 3.

[0179] The perovskite solar cell 100 manufactured in this embodiment will be designated as Sample 9.

[0180] Example 10 This embodiment provides a method for manufacturing a perovskite solar cell 100. The differences from Example 3 are as follows. In the perovskite precursor solution containing the complexing agent in step (4), the complexing agent is sodium glucose.

[0181] Otherwise, it is the same as in Example 3.

[0182] The perovskite solar cell 100 manufactured in this embodiment will be designated as sample 10.

[0183] Example 11 This embodiment provides a method for manufacturing a perovskite solar cell 100. The differences from Example 3 are as follows. In the perovskite precursor solution containing the complexing agent in step (4), the complexing agent is sodium alginate, and its weight-average molecular weight is 1000.

[0184] Otherwise, it is the same as in Example 3.

[0185] The perovskite solar cell 100 manufactured in this embodiment will be referred to as Sample 11.

[0186] Example 12 This embodiment provides a method for manufacturing a perovskite solar cell 100. The differences from Example 3 are as follows. In the perovskite precursor solution containing the complexing agent in step (4), the complexing agent is sodium ethylenediaminetetramethylenephosphonate.

[0187] Otherwise, it is the same as in Example 3.

[0188] The perovskite solar cell 100 manufactured in this embodiment will be designated as Sample 12.

[0189] Example 13 This embodiment provides a method for manufacturing a perovskite solar cell 100. The differences from Example 3 are as follows. In the perovskite precursor solution containing the complexing agent in step (4), the complexing agent is etidronic acid.

[0190] Otherwise, it is the same as in Example 3.

[0191] The perovskite solar cell 100 manufactured in this embodiment will be designated as Sample 13.

[0192] Example 14 This embodiment provides a method for manufacturing a perovskite solar cell 100. The differences from Example 3 are as follows. In the perovskite precursor solution containing the complexing agent in step (4), the complexing agent is sodium diethylenetriaminepentamethylenephosphonate.

[0193] Otherwise, it is the same as in Example 3.

[0194] The perovskite solar cell 100 manufactured in this embodiment will be designated as Sample 14.

[0195] Example 15 This embodiment provides a method for manufacturing a perovskite solar cell 100. The differences from Example 3 are as follows. In the perovskite precursor solution containing the complexing agent in step (4), the complexing agent is aminotrimethylenephosphonic acid.

[0196] Otherwise, it is the same as in Example 3.

[0197] The perovskite solar cell 100 manufactured in this embodiment will be designated as sample 15.

[0198] Example 16 This embodiment provides a method for manufacturing a perovskite solar cell 100. The differences from Example 3 are as follows. In the perovskite precursor solution containing the complexing agent in step (4), the complexing agent is polyacrylic acid, and its weight-average molecular weight is 450,000.

[0199] Otherwise, it is the same as in Example 3.

[0200] The perovskite solar cell 100 manufactured in this embodiment will be designated as sample 16.

[0201] Example 17 This embodiment provides a method for manufacturing a perovskite solar cell 100. The differences from Example 3 are as follows. In the perovskite precursor solution containing the complexing agent in step (4), the complexing agent is polyhydroxyacrylic acid, and its weight-average molecular weight is 520,000.

[0202] Otherwise, it is the same as in Example 3.

[0203] The perovskite solar cell 100 manufactured in this embodiment will be designated as Sample 17.

[0204] Example 18 This embodiment provides a method for manufacturing a perovskite solar cell 100. The differences from Example 3 are as follows. In the perovskite precursor solution containing the complexing agent in step (4), the complexing agent is polyacrylamide, and its weight-average molecular weight is 40,000.

[0205] Otherwise, it is the same as in Example 3.

[0206] The perovskite solar cell 100 manufactured in this embodiment will be designated as Sample 18.

[0207] Example 19 This embodiment provides a method for manufacturing a perovskite solar cell 100. The differences from Example 3 are as follows. In the perovskite precursor solution containing the complexing agent in step (4), the complexing agent is polymaleic anhydride, and its weight-average molecular weight is 2000.

[0208] Otherwise, it is the same as in Example 3.

[0209] The perovskite solar cell 100 manufactured in this embodiment will be designated as Sample 19.

[0210] Comparative Example 1 This comparative example provides a method for manufacturing a perovskite solar cell 100. The differences from Example 1 are as follows. In step (4), no complexing agent was added.

[0211] Otherwise, it is the same as in Example 1.

[0212] The perovskite solar cell 100 manufactured in this comparative example will be designated as comparative sample 1.

[0213] Comparative Example 2 This comparative example provides a method for manufacturing a perovskite solar cell 100. The differences from Example 4 are as follows. In step (4), no complexing agent was added.

[0214] Otherwise, it is the same as in Example 4.

[0215] The perovskite solar cell 100 manufactured in this comparative example will be designated as comparative sample 2.

[0216] The photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of the perovskite solar cells 100 manufactured in Examples 1 to 19 and the perovskite solar cells 100 manufactured in Comparative Examples 1 to 2 were tested, and the test results are shown in Table 1.

[0217] In this experimental example, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the perovskite solar cell 100 manufactured in each example and comparative example was tested by Keithley 2400SMU AM1.5G solar irradiation at 100 mW / cm². 2 The photoelectric conversion efficiency of the battery was tested using the following light source, and the method for calculating the photoelectric conversion efficiency PCE is as follows. PCE = Pout / Popt =Voc × Jsc × (Vmpp × Jmpp) / (Voc × Jsc) =Voc×Jsc×FF In the formula, Pout, Popt, Vmpp, Jmpp, Voc, and Jsc are the battery output power, incident optical power, battery maximum power point voltage, battery maximum power point current, open circuit voltage, and short circuit current, respectively. FF represents the fill factor.

[0218] In this experimental example, regarding the stability test of the perovskite solar cell 100 manufactured in each example and comparative example, the perovskite solar cell 100 was left in an atmospheric condition where the temperature was 25°C and the relative humidity was 45 ± 5%. As the aging time changed, the photoelectric conversion efficiency PCE at some points was tracked, and the time T required for the photoelectric conversion efficiency to decay to 80% of the initial efficiency was determined. 80 This parameter size indicates the high stability of the perovskite solar cell 100.

[0219] Table 1 Performance test data of the perovskite solar cell 100 manufactured in the examples and comparative examples of this application ( " / " indicates that nothing was added)

Table 1-1

Table 1-2

Table 1-3

Table 1-4

[0220] From the analysis of the test results obtained in Table 1, the following can be understood. As can be seen from the analysis of the test results of Examples 1 to 3, as the concentration of the complexing agent increases, the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of the perovskite solar cell 100 also improve.

[0221] As can be seen from the analysis of the test results of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Example 1, the standard perovskite solar cell 100 with the complexing agent added showed a clear improvement in both photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability compared to the standard perovskite solar cell 100 without the complexing agent added.

[0222] As can be seen from the analysis of the test results of Example 4 and Comparative Example 2, the inverted perovskite solar cell 100 with the complexing agent added showed a clear improvement in both photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability compared to the inverted perovskite solar cell 100 without the complexing agent added.

[0223] As can be seen from the analysis of the test results of Examples 4 and 3, the inverted perovskite solar cell 100 formed with tartaric acid as a complexing agent showed a certain degree of reduced photoelectric conversion efficiency compared to the forward-type perovskite solar cell 100, but showed a certain degree of improved stability.

[0224] As can be seen from the analysis of the test results of Example 5 and Comparative Example 1, the perovskite solar cell 100 in which the complexing agent was distributed on the surface of the perovskite layer 31 showed a clear improvement in both photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability compared to the perovskite solar cell 100 in which the complexing agent was not added.

[0225] As can be seen from the analysis of the test results in Examples 5 to 7, as the concentration of the complexing agent increases, the perovskite solar cell 100 tends to show an improvement in photoelectric conversion efficiency followed by a decrease in efficiency, while its stability tends to improve.

[0226] As can be seen from the analysis of the test results of Example 8 and Examples 3 and 6, when the complexing agent is used simultaneously as both an interfacial passivation agent and a bulk phase passivation agent, the corresponding perovskite solar cell 100 exhibits significantly improved stability, with the photoelectric conversion efficiency fluctuating within a certain range, compared to when the complexing agent is used only as an interfacial passivation agent or only as a bulk phase passivation agent.

[0227] As can be seen from the analysis of the test results of Examples 9-19 and Example 3, the standard perovskite solar cells 100 formed with organic phosphonic acid complexing agents, polyacrylic acid complexing agents, and polycrotonic acid complexing agents exhibit significantly improved stability and photoelectric conversion efficiency within a small range compared to the standard perovskite solar cells 100 formed with hydroxycarboxylic acid complexing agents.

[0228] In summary, the perovskite solar cell 100 containing the complexing agent provided in the embodiments of this application exhibits significantly improved device efficiency and stability compared to the perovskite solar cell 100 without the complexing agent.

[0229] In some embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, apparatus, and methods can be implemented in other forms. For example, the embodiments of the apparatus described above are illustrative only, and for example, the division of units is merely a division of logical functions and may be divided in other forms when actually implemented, for example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be omitted or not performed. Also, the coupling, direct coupling, or communication connection shown or described may be an indirect coupling or communication connection via some interface, apparatus, or unit and may be electrical, mechanical or other in nature.

[0230] Furthermore, each functional unit in each embodiment of this application may be integrated into a single processing unit, exist physically independently, or be integrated into a single unit of two or more units. The integrated unit may be implemented in hardware form or in the form of a software functional unit.

[0231] The above describes only embodiments of this application and does not limit the scope of the claims. Equivalent structures or equivalent flow transformations, or direct or indirect applications to other related technical fields, utilizing the contents of the specification and drawings of this application are all included within the scope of the patent protection of this application for the same reasons. [Explanation of Symbols]

[0232] 1000 solar modules 2000 Power generation equipment 3000 Electrical equipment 100 Perovskite Solar Cells 200 Battery String 300 Surface glass 400 Surface package adhesive film 500 Backside packaging adhesive film 600 Back glass 10 circuit boards 20 First electrode layer 30 Perovskite light-absorbing layer 40 Second electrode layer 50 Carrier transport layer 51. First Carrier Transport Layer 52. Second Carrier Transport Layer 31 Perovskite layer 32 Complex layer 33 Perovskite composite layer

Claims

1. A perovskite solar cell comprising a perovskite light-absorbing layer containing a perovskite material and a complexing agent, wherein the complexing agent comprises one or more of hydroxycarboxylic acid-based complexing agents, organic phosphonic acid-based complexing agents, polyacrylic acid-based complexing agents, and polycrotonic acid-based complexing agents.

2. The hydroxycarboxylic acid complexing agent has a structural formula 【Chemistry 21】 The carboxylic acid, whose structural formula is 【Chemistry 22】 It comprises one or more of the carboxylate salts, wherein R1 is one of a chain hydrocarbon group, a heteroatom-containing chain hydrocarbon group, an aryl group, a heteroaryl group, a cyclic hydrocarbon group, or a heteroatom-containing cyclic hydrocarbon group, and the heteroatom contains an oxygen atom, A ＋ However, Na ＋ _K ＋ NH ４ ＋ A perovskite solar cell according to claim 1, comprising any one of the following.

3. The perovskite solar cell according to claim 2, wherein the R1 group comprises at least one functional group, and the functional group comprises one or two of a hydroxyl group and a carboxyl group.

4. The hydroxycarboxylic acid complexing agent comprises one or more of tartaric acid, heptonic acid, glucose acid, and alginic acid, and / or The perovskite solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the hydroxycarboxylic acid complexing agent comprises one or more of tartaric acid, heptonic acid, glucose acid, and sodium, potassium, and ammonium salts of alginic acid.

5. The aforementioned organic phosphonic acid complexing agent has a structural formula 【Chemistry 23】 Organic phosphonic acid, whose structural formula is 【Chemistry 24】 comprising one or more of the organic phosphonates, wherein R2 is any one of a chain hydrocarbon group and a heteroatom-containing chain hydrocarbon group, the heteroatom contains one or more of a nitrogen atom, a phosphorus atom, and an oxygen atom, A ＋ is Na ＋ , K ＋ , NH ４ ＋ The perovskite solar cell according to claim 1, comprising any one of them.

6. The perovskite solar cell according to claim 5, wherein R2 comprises at least one functional group, and the functional group comprises one or more of a phosphonic acid group, a hydroxyl group, a carbon-carbon double bond, and an amino group.

7. The aforementioned organic phosphonic acid complexing agent includes one or more of ethylenediaminetetramethylenephosphonic acid, etidronic acid, diethylenetriaminepentamethylenephosphonic acid, and / or aminotrimethylenephosphonic acid. The perovskite solar cell according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the organic phosphonic acid complexing agent comprises one or more of the sodium salts, potassium salts, and ammonium salts of ethylenediaminetetramethylenephosphonic acid, etidronic acid, diethylenetriaminepentamethylenephosphonic acid, and aminotrimethylenephosphonic acid.

8. The polyacrylic acid-based complexing agent comprises one or more of polyacrylic acid, polyhydroxyacrylic acid, and / or polyacrylamide. The perovskite solar cell according to claim 1, wherein the polycrotonic acid complexing agent comprises one or more of polymaleic anhydride and maleic acid-acrylic acid copolymer.

9. The perovskite solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the perovskite light-absorbing layer comprises a perovskite composite layer containing the perovskite material and the complexing agent.

10. The perovskite solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the perovskite light-absorbing layer comprises a perovskite layer and a complexing layer provided on one side of the perovskite layer, the perovskite layer comprises the perovskite material and the complexing layer comprises the complexing agent.

11. The perovskite solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the perovskite light-absorbing layer comprises a perovskite composite layer and a complexing layer, the complexing agent comprises a first complexing agent and a second complexing agent, the perovskite composite layer comprises the perovskite material and the first complexing agent, the complexing layer comprises the second complexing agent, and the first complexing agent and the second complexing agent are the same or different.

12. The perovskite solar cell according to any one of claims 9 to 11, wherein the thickness of the perovskite layer or perovskite composite layer is 300 nm to 700 nm.

13. The perovskite solar cell according to any one of claims 10 to 12, wherein the thickness of the complexing layer is 10 nm to 80 nm.

14. The perovskite solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 13, comprising a substrate stacked in order, a first electrode layer, a perovskite light-absorbing layer, and a second electrode layer.

15. The perovskite solar cell according to claim 14, further comprising a carrier transport layer provided between the first electrode layer and the perovskite light absorption layer, and / or between the second electrode layer and the perovskite light absorption layer.

16. The steps include preparing an intermediate member including a substrate and a first electrode layer, A step of forming a preform layer of a perovskite light-absorbing layer on the first electrode layer, comprising the step of adding a complexing agent containing one or more of a hydroxycarboxylic acid-based complexing agent, an organic phosphonic acid-based complexing agent, a polyacrylic acid-based complexing agent, and a polycrotonic acid-based complexing agent during the process of forming the preform layer of the perovskite light-absorbing layer, A method for manufacturing a perovskite solar cell, comprising the steps of annealing the preform layer of the perovskite light-absorbing layer to obtain a perovskite light-absorbing layer.

17. A first carrier transport layer is provided between the first electrode layer and the perovskite light absorption layer, and the method for manufacturing a perovskite solar cell is as follows: The steps include preparing an intermediate member including a substrate, a first electrode layer, and a first carrier transport layer, A step of forming a preform layer of a perovskite light-absorbing layer on the first carrier transport layer, comprising the step of adding a complexing agent comprising one or more of a hydroxycarboxylic acid-based complexing agent, an organic phosphonic acid-based complexing agent, a polyacrylic acid-based complexing agent, and a polycrotonic acid-based complexing agent during the process of forming the preform layer of the perovskite light-absorbing layer, A method for manufacturing a perovskite solar cell according to claim 16, comprising the step of annealing the preform layer of the perovskite light-absorbing layer to obtain a perovskite light-absorbing layer.

18. The step of forming a preform layer of the perovskite light-absorbing layer on the first carrier transport layer is: A method for producing a perovskite solar cell according to claim 17, comprising the step of coating a perovskite precursor solution containing a complexing agent onto the first carrier transport layer to form a perovskite composite layer.

19. The step of forming a preform layer of the perovskite light-absorbing layer on the first carrier transport layer is: A method for manufacturing a perovskite solar cell according to claim 17 or 18, comprising the step of coating a perovskite precursor solution containing a complexing agent onto the first carrier transport layer, wherein the concentration of the complexing agent in the perovskite precursor solution containing the complexing agent is 10% or less of the concentration of the B-position cation of the perovskite precursor.

20. The step of forming a preform layer of the perovskite light-absorbing layer on the first carrier transport layer is: The steps include forming a perovskite layer on a first carrier transport layer, A method for manufacturing a perovskite solar cell according to claim 19, comprising the step of applying a complexing agent solution to a surface of the perovskite layer that is away from the first carrier transport layer.

21. The method for producing a perovskite solar cell according to claim 20, wherein the concentration of the complexing agent solution is greater than 0 and 20 mg / ml or less.

22. The step of forming a preform layer of the perovskite light-absorbing layer on the first carrier transport layer is: A step of forming a perovskite composite layer by coating a perovskite precursor solution containing a complexing agent onto the first carrier transport layer, wherein the concentration of the complexing agent in the perovskite precursor solution is 10% or less of the concentration of the B-position cation of the perovskite precursor, A method for manufacturing a perovskite solar cell according to claim 20 or 21, comprising the step of applying a complexing agent solution to a surface of the perovskite composite layer that is away from the first carrier transport layer.

23. A solar module comprising a perovskite solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 15, or a perovskite solar cell manufactured by a method for manufacturing a perovskite solar cell according to any one of claims 16 to 22.

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