Impact and abrasive wear test stand for soil-contacting parts and its test method
The impact and abrasive wear test bench efficiently evaluates soil contact parts by simulating real-world conditions, allowing for detailed analysis and optimization of agricultural machinery components.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- JP · JP
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- CHINESE ACAD OF AGRI MECHANIZATION SCI GRP CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2023-10-26
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-15
AI Technical Summary
Existing methods for testing the wear resistance of soil contact parts in agricultural machinery are inefficient, costly, and unable to simulate real-world conditions, leading to inaccurate evaluations and hindered material selection and structural optimization.
An impact and abrasive wear test bench with mechanisms for rotating and translational soil contact components, equipped with sensors and a simulation of environmental conditions, including a sandbox with standard abrasives and a high-speed camera for real-time wear monitoring.
Enables simultaneous testing of multiple soil contact parts under controlled conditions, providing detailed wear analysis and optimizing material selection and structure, while reducing costs and time.
Smart Images
Figure 2026515264000001_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present invention relates to a technology for detecting and evaluating the wear resistance performance of soil contact parts materials of agricultural machinery, and particularly relates to an impact and abrasive wear test bench for soil contact parts and a test method thereof.
Background Art
[0002] Soil contact parts of agricultural machinery (such as plow shares, tillage claws, disk harrows, etc.) operate in a soil environment mixed with sand, gravel, and crop straw, so impact and abrasive wear occur, leading to failures. In the prior art, usually, field tests and laboratory tests are adopted to verify the wear performance tests of soil contact parts. The implementation of field tests for evaluating the wear performance of soil contact parts is greatly affected by external factors such as seasons and climates, with high power consumption, long time, and high cost. The abrasive wear test of dry / wet rubber wheels is usually used in the laboratory, and the samples are standard samples of fixed dimensions. It is impossible to directly test and verify the impact performance and wear performance of multiple soil contact parts, and it is also impossible to investigate the actual wear locations of soil contact parts, nor can it effectively guide the structural optimization, material selection, and surface additive manufacturing of soil contact parts.
Summary of the Invention
Problems to be Solved by the Invention
[0003] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an impact and abrasive wear test bench for soil contact parts and a test method thereof in consideration of the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art.
Means for Solving the Problems
[0004] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides an impact and abrasive wear test bench for soil contact parts, The impact and abrasive wear test bench for soil contact parts is the sand box filled with test sand and gravel in the sand box, The first test mechanism is installed in conjunction with the sandbox and is for wear testing of a circumferentially rotating soil contact component, and includes a first bracket, a first drive mechanism, a first transmission mechanism, and a first test connecting member, wherein the first bracket is installed on one side of the sandbox, the first drive mechanism is attached to the first bracket, the first transmission mechanism is connected to the first drive mechanism and the first test connecting member, respectively, the first test connecting member is located inside the sandbox and is positioned to mount the circumferentially rotating soil contact component to be tested, the shaft of the first test connecting member is installed horizontally, and the first test mechanism rotates the circumferentially rotating soil contact component to be tested within the test sandstone, The second test mechanism is installed in conjunction with the aforementioned sandbox and is for the abrasion test of translational soil contact components, and includes a second bracket, a second drive mechanism, a second transmission mechanism, and a second test connecting member, wherein the second bracket is installed on the other side of the sandbox, the second drive mechanism is attached to the second bracket, the second transmission mechanism is connected to the second drive mechanism and the second test connecting member, respectively, the second test connecting member is located inside the sandbox and is positioned to mount the translational soil contact components, and the shaft of the second test connecting member is installed vertically. The system includes a measurement and control system connected to the first and second test mechanisms, respectively, which is used for setting test parameters and monitoring the test process.
[0005] In the impact and abrasive wear test stand for the soil contact component, the first test mechanism includes a tilling tine test mechanism and / or a disc harrow test mechanism.
[0006] In the impact and abrasive wear test stand for the soil contact component, a torque sensor is installed in the first transmission mechanism, and the torque sensor is connected to the measurement and control system.
[0007] In the soil contact component impact and abrasive wear test stand, the first drive mechanism of the tilling claw test mechanism is a first variable frequency motor and a first gear hard tooth surface reducer, the first transmission mechanism includes a first overload protection universal transmission shaft, the first overload protection universal transmission shaft is connected to the first gear hard tooth surface reducer via a first coupling, the first test connecting member is a tilling claw rotation shaft, which is attached to the sand box via a first vertical bearing base and connected to the first overload protection universal transmission shaft, and the tilling claw to be tested is attached to the tilling claw rotation shaft.
[0008] In the impact and abrasive wear test stand for the soil contact component, the first drive mechanism of the disc harrow test mechanism is a second variable frequency motor and a second gear hard tooth surface reducer, the first transmission mechanism includes a second overload protection universal transmission shaft, the second overload protection universal transmission shaft is connected to the second gear hard tooth surface reducer via a second coupling, the second test connection member is a disc harrow rotation shaft, which is attached to the sandbox via a second vertical bearing base and connected to the second overload protection universal transmission shaft, and the disc harrow to be tested is attached to the disc harrow rotation shaft.
[0009] In the impact and abrasive wear test stand for the soil contact component, the second transmission mechanism includes an annular guide rail, rail wheels, a rotating cross, and a belt transmission mechanism, wherein the annular guide rail is attached to the sandbox, the rail wheels are connected to the cantilevered ends of the rotating cross and move along the annular guide rail, the rotating cross is connected to the second drive mechanism via the belt transmission mechanism, the second test connecting member is attached to the cantilevered end of the rotating cross and positioned below the rotating cross, and the translational soil contact component to be tested is installed at the lower end of the screw lifting mechanism, with the mounting angle and soil contact depth adjusted according to the actual working conditions.
[0010] In the impact and abrasive wear test stand for the soil contact component, the second test mechanism also includes a soil-filling wheel for backfilling the excavated test sand or trench, the second test connecting member is a screw lifting mechanism, and the two soil-filling wheels and two screw lifting mechanisms are mounted symmetrically with respect to the cantilevered midpoint of the rotating cross.
[0011] The impact and abrasive wear test stand for the soil contact parts also includes a high-speed camera mechanism, the high-speed camera mechanism includes a shooting stand and a plurality of dustproof cameras attached to the shooting stand, the shooting stand is attached to the sandbox, the plurality of dustproof cameras are each installed corresponding to the soil contact parts to be tested and connected to the measurement and control system, and photographs and records the wear state of the soil contact parts to be tested and transmits the photographs and videos to the measurement and control system.
[0012] The impact and abrasive wear test stand for the soil contact parts also includes a vibrator fixed to the ground, the sandbox is attached to the vibrator, and the vibrator is positioned to vibrate the test sand material in the sandbox, compress its volume, and quickly restore the test sand to a predetermined density, thereby maintaining a micro-vibration environment during the test to simulate the fretting wear environment of the soil contact parts caused by tractor vibrations.
[0013] In the impact and abrasive wear test stand for the soil contact component, the test sand and stones include standard abrasives of different particle sizes, pebbles, irregular stones, tree roots, and crop straw.
[0014] In the impact and abrasive wear test stand for the soil contact component, a moisture sensor and a density sensor are installed in the sandbox near the soil contact component to be tested. The moisture sensor and the density sensor are connected to the measurement and control system, respectively, to acquire real-time working condition parameters. Alternatively, the moisture sensor and the density sensor are configured as independent movable parts and are each connected to the measurement and control system.
[0015] To better achieve the aforementioned objectives, the present invention also provides a method for testing impact and abrasive wear of soil-contacting components. This method includes the following steps: S100: Take photographs of the soil contact parts to be tested, weigh them, record the data, prepare the ratio of test sand and stones according to the needs of the test, and place them in the sand box. S200 sets the test parameters, sets the movement speed of the soil contact component to be tested using the speed adjustment motor, adjusts the camera shooting frequency according to the movement speed, records the wear state of the soil contact component to be tested at regular time intervals, sets the number of sensor detections according to the actual measurement requirements, and sets the number of rotation turns and duration of the soil contact component to be tested. S300 initiates the test, monitoring the test travel speed, time, torque, soil density, soil moisture, and the wear condition of the soil contact component under test during the test. After reaching a set number of turns or duration, the soil contact component under test is removed. S400 analyzes the appearance, impact resistance, wear resistance, and wear mechanism of the soil contact component being tested.
[0016] In the aforementioned method for testing impact and abrasive wear of soil-contacting components, step S100 further includes the following: S101. If the soil contact component to be tested is a circumferentially rotating soil contact component, attach the circumferentially rotating soil contact component to the first test mechanism and adjust the mounting angle as necessary. S102. If the soil contact component to be tested is a translational soil contact component, attach the translational soil contact component to the second test mechanism, adjust the screw lifting mechanism to its highest point, attach the translational soil contact component to be tested, and then lower it to the required soil contact depth.
[0017] In the aforementioned method for testing impact and abrasive wear of soil-contacting components, step S400 further includes the following: S401. The soil contact part to be tested is washed and dried, and then observed to see if there is any damage or bending in the soil contact part. S402 compares the impact resistance of soil-contact components made of different materials under different test parameter conditions, depending on the setting of different test parameter conditions, different test specimen materials, and different surface conditions. S403. The mass of the soil contact part is measured using an analytical balance or an electronic balance, the amount of mass loss of the soil contact part under different working conditions is calculated, and the wear resistance of the soil contact part is determined by the amount of mass loss. S404. The surface morphology of the soil contact component is observed using an optical microscope or a scanning electron microscope, and the wear mechanism of the soil contact component is determined according to the pits, grooves, and adhesions of the surface wear morphology. [Effects of the Invention]
[0018] The technical effects of the present invention are as follows: (1) The present invention can detect three soil contact parts: tilling tines, disc harrows, and plow shears. Impact and wear performance tests of the three different soil contact parts can be performed simultaneously, or they can be tested individually, allowing for detailed study of the effects of various materials, structures, and different ratios of sand and gravel in the environment on impact and wear failure of the soil contact parts. (2) A vibrator is attached to the lower end of the sand chamber to use vibrations to ensure that the test sand and stones in the sand chamber maintain a constant density. At the same time, when the vibrator is activated, micro-vibrations are generated in the soil contact parts inside the sand chamber, simulating the fretting wear environment of the soil contact parts vibrating due to the traction mechanism. (3) An overload protection universal rotating shaft and an overload protection coupling are installed, and if the rotation speed of the tilling tine rotating shaft / disc harrow rotating shaft / plow shear is too fast, it can be shut off automatically in an emergency, and the test stand will stop operating immediately. (4) Equipped with sensors for moisture, density, torque, etc., it can detect the working conditions of the tilling tines / disc harrow in real time. (5) The test sand and gravel use standard abrasives, jade stones, irregular stones, tree roots, crop straws, etc. with different particle sizes. When the soil contact parts move and contact large abrasives such as jade stones and irregular stones in the test sand and gravel, impact wear occurs. At the same time, when contacting the standard abrasives, tree roots, and crop straws, abrasive wear occurs, and the comprehensive impact resistance and wear resistance of the soil contact parts can be simulated and verified. (6) The wear state of the tilling claw can be recorded in real time by the high-speed camera mechanism.
[0019] Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings and specific examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
Brief Description of Drawings
[0020] To more clearly explain the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings required for use in the following examples are briefly described below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only multiple embodiments of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
[0021] [Figure 1] It is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 2] It is a top view of FIG. 1. [Figure 3] It is a top view of the high-speed camera device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Modes for Carrying Out the Invention
[0022] The structural principle and operating principle of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings. Referring to Figure 1, Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of one embodiment of the present invention. The impact and abrasive wear test stand for soil contact parts of the present invention comprises a sandbox 9, a first test mechanism 2, a second test mechanism 3, and a measurement and control system 1, wherein the sandbox 9 is filled with test sand and stones 91, which include standard abrasives of different particle sizes, pebbles, irregular stones, tree roots, and crop straw, the first test mechanism 2 is installed corresponding to the sandbox 9 and is for abrasion testing of a circumferentially rotating soil contact part, the first test mechanism 2 comprises a first bracket, a first drive mechanism, a first transmission mechanism, and a first test connecting member, the first bracket is installed on one side of the sandbox 9, the first drive mechanism is attached to the first bracket, the first transmission mechanism is connected to the first drive mechanism and the first test connecting member, respectively, the first test connecting member is located inside the sandbox 9 and is positioned to attach the circumferentially rotating soil contact part to be tested, and the first test connecting member The shaft of the first test mechanism 2 is installed horizontally to rotate the circumferentially rotating soil contact component to be tested within the test sandstone 91. The second test mechanism 3 is installed in correspondence with the sandbox 9 and is for wear testing of the translational soil contact component. The second test mechanism 3 includes a second bracket 31, a second drive mechanism 32, a second transmission mechanism 33, and a second test connecting member. The second bracket 31 is installed on the other side of the sandbox 9, the second drive mechanism 32 is attached to the second bracket 31, and the second transmission mechanism 33 is connected to the second drive mechanism 32 and the second test connecting member, respectively. The second test connecting member is located inside the sandbox 9 and is positioned to mount the translational soil contact component. The shaft of the second test connecting member is installed vertically. The measurement and control system 1 is connected to the first test mechanism 2 and the second test mechanism 3, respectively, and is used for setting test parameters and monitoring the test process.
[0023] This embodiment may further include a vibrator 5 fixedly mounted to the ground. The sandbox 9 is fixedly attached to the vibrator 5, and the vibrator 5 is positioned to vibrate the test sand material in the sandbox 9, compressing its volume and rapidly restoring the test sandstone 91 to a predetermined density, thereby maintaining a micro-vibration environment during the test to simulate the fretting wear environment of soil contact parts caused by tractor vibration.
[0024] In this embodiment, a torque sensor 13 may be installed in the first transmission mechanism, and the torque sensor 13 may be connected to the measurement and control system 1. The first test mechanism 2 includes a tilling tine test mechanism 21 and / or a disc harrow test mechanism 22. The first drive mechanism of the tilling tine test mechanism 21 is a first variable frequency motor 217 and a first gear hard tooth surface reducer 216, the first transmission mechanism includes a first overload protection universal transmission shaft 214, the first overload protection universal transmission shaft 214 is connected to the first gear hard tooth surface reducer 216 via a first coupling 215, the first test connecting member is a tilling tine rotation shaft 212, which is attached to the sandbox 9 via a first vertical bearing base 213 and connected to the first overload protection universal transmission shaft 214, and the tilling tine 6 to be tested is attached to the tilling tine rotation shaft 212. The first bracket includes bracket 211, and the first variable frequency motor 217 and the first gear hard tooth surface reducer 216 are fixed to bracket 211 by bolts. The first variable frequency motor 217 transmits power to the first gear hard tooth surface reducer 216, which is connected to the first overload protection universal transmission shaft 214 by the first coupling 215. The first overload protection universal transmission shaft 214 is connected to the tiller tine rotation shaft 212, thereby rotating the tiller tine 6 under test, with a rotation speed of 100 to 500 rpm. This allows impact tests and abrasive wear tests to be performed on the tiller tine 6 and the test sand and stones 91 in the sand box 9.
[0025] The first drive mechanism of the disc harrow test mechanism 22 is a second variable frequency motor 227 and a second gear hard tooth surface reducer 226. The first transmission mechanism includes a second overload protection universal transmission shaft 224, which is connected to the second gear hard tooth surface reducer 226 via a second coupling 225. The second test connection member is a disc harrow rotation shaft 222, which is mounted to the sandbox 9 via a second vertical bearing base 223 and connected to the second overload protection universal transmission shaft 224. The disc harrow 7 to be tested is mounted to the disc harrow rotation shaft 222. The first bracket includes bracket 221, and the first variable frequency motor 227 and the first gear hard tooth surface reducer 226 are fixed to bracket 221 by bolts. The connection mode and operating principle are the same as those of the tilling tine test mechanism 21. The rotational speed of the disc harrow 7 is 60-300 rpm, and the overload protection is activated if the torque of the first overload protection universal transmission shaft 214 and the second overload protection universal transmission shaft 224 is too high.
[0026] In this embodiment, the second test mechanism 3 is preferably a plow shear tip test mechanism. The second transmission mechanism 33 includes an annular guide rail 337, rail wheels 338, a rotating cross 336, and a belt transmission mechanism, wherein the annular guide rail 337 is attached to the sandbox 9, the rail wheels 338 are connected to the cantilevered ends of the rotating cross 336 and move along the annular guide rail 337, the rotating cross 336 is connected to the second drive mechanism 32 via the belt transmission mechanism, the second test connecting member is attached to the cantilevered end of the rotating cross 336 and positioned below the rotating cross 336, and the translational soil contact component to be tested is installed at the lower end of the screw lifting mechanism 34 and the mounting angle and soil contact depth are adjusted according to the actual working conditions. The second drive mechanism 32 includes a motor 321, a reduction gear 322, and a gear steering gear 323, each of which is fixedly mounted to a second bracket 31, and the reduction gear 322 is connected to the motor 321 and the gear steering gear 323, respectively. The belt drive mechanism includes a large synchronous wheel 331 and a small synchronous wheel 332 connected by a synchronous belt 333, the small synchronous wheel 332 is mounted to the second bracket 31 via a horizontal bearing base 334 and connected to the gear steering gear 323 via an overload protection coupling 335, and the large synchronous wheel 331 is connected to a rotating cross 336.
[0027] The second test mechanism 3 also includes a soil-filling wheel 35 for backfilling the excavated test sandstone 91 or trench, and the second test connecting member is a screw lifting mechanism 34, with two soil-filling wheels 35 and two screw lifting mechanisms 34 mounted symmetrically with respect to the cantilevered midpoint of the rotating cross 336. The motor 321 supplies power to the reduction gear 322, changes the direction of power transmission via a gear steering gear 323, and transmits power to the small synchronous wheel 332 via a transmission shaft and an overload protection coupling 335, and the synchronous belt 333 connects the large synchronous wheel 331 and the small synchronous wheel 332, causing the large synchronous wheel 331 to rotate and transmit power to the rotating cross 336, and the overload protection coupling 335 can cut in a timely manner when the transmission becomes overloaded to protect the motor 321. Two soil-filling wheels 35 and two screw lifting mechanisms 34 are respectively mounted at the midpoint of a cantilevered rotating cross 336. The soil-filling wheels 35 backfill the excavated test sand and gravel 91 or trench, and the tip sample 8 of the plow shear is attached to the end of the screw lifting mechanism 34. The mounting angle can be adjusted according to the actual working conditions, and the screw lifting mechanism 34 can adjust the soil contact depth of the tip sample 8 of the plow shear. The linear speed of the plow shear can reach 8-10 km / h.
[0028] The impact and wear test stand for soil contact parts in this embodiment may also include a high-speed camera mechanism 5, which includes a shooting stand 41 and a plurality of dustproof cameras 42 mounted on the shooting stand 41. The shooting stand 41 is attached to the frame of the sandbox 9, and the plurality of dustproof cameras 42 are each mounted on the shooting stand 41 corresponding to the soil contact parts to be tested, and are connected to the measurement and control system 1. The cameras photograph and record the wear condition of the soil contact parts to be tested, and transmit the captured photos and videos to the measurement and control system 1. In this embodiment, six cameras are mounted directly above the shooting stand 41, four of which face the tilling tines 6 and two face the disc harrow 7. Two cameras are mounted on the right side of the shooting stand 41, facing the tip sample 8 of the plow shear. During the test, the tilling tines 6 and the disc harrow 7 can be photographed, and the tip sample 8 of the plow shear must first be stopped, raised to its highest point, photographed, and the wear condition of the soil contact parts recorded, and the photos and videos must be transmitted to the measurement and control system 1.
[0029] Inside the sandbox 9, a moisture sensor 11 and a density sensor 12 are installed near the soil contact components to be tested (for example, A, B, and C inside the sandbox 9). The moisture sensor 11 and the density sensor 12 are each connected to the measurement and control system 1 to acquire real-time working condition parameters. Alternatively, the moisture sensor 11 and the density sensor 12 may be configured as independent movable components such as handheld movable sensors, each connected to the measurement and control system 1, allowing for measurement of moisture and density at other locations as needed, and enabling measurement of moisture and density even when the device is stopped.
[0030] The present invention provides a method for testing impact and abrasive wear of soil-contacting components, which includes the following steps. Step S100: Preparation work: Take a photograph of the soil contact part to be tested, weigh it, record the data, mix the ratio of test sand and stone 91 according to the needs of the test, and put it into the sand box 9. Step S200 involves setting test parameters: setting test parameters, setting the movement speed of the soil contact component to be tested using a speed adjustment motor, adjusting the camera's shooting frequency according to the movement speed, recording the wear condition of the soil contact component to be tested at regular intervals, setting the number of sensor detections according to the actual measurement requirements, and setting the number of rotation turns and duration of the soil contact component to be tested. Step S300 involves monitoring the test process: after setting the test parameters, the test is started, and during the test, the test travel speed, time, torque, soil density, soil moisture, and wear condition of the soil contact part being tested are monitored, and after the set number of turns or duration is reached, the soil contact part being tested is removed. As step S400, post-test processing: the tested soil contact parts are removed and their appearance, impact resistance, wear resistance, and wear mechanism are analyzed.
[0031] Of these, step S100 further includes the following: As step S101, if the soil contact component to be tested is a circumferentially rotating soil contact component, attach the circumferentially rotating soil contact component to the first test mechanism 2 and adjust the mounting angle as necessary. If the test soil contact component is a tilling tine 6 / disc harrow 7, attach it to the corresponding position and adjust the mounting angle as necessary. As step S102, if the soil contact component to be tested is a translational soil contact component, the translational soil contact component is attached to the second test mechanism 3, the screw lifting mechanism 34 is adjusted to its highest point, the translational soil contact component to be tested is attached, and then it is lowered to the required soil contact depth. If the soil contact component to be tested is the tip sample 8 of a plow shear, the screw lifting mechanism 34 is adjusted to its highest point, the tip of the plow shear is attached, and then it is lowered to the required soil contact depth.
[0032] Step S400 further includes the following: As step S401, the soil contact part to be tested is washed and dried, and then observed to see if there is any damage or bending in the soil contact part. As step S402, the impact resistance performance of soil contact components made of different materials is compared under different test parameter conditions, depending on the setting of different test parameter conditions, different test specimen materials, and different surface conditions. In step S403, the mass of the soil contact part is measured using an analytical balance or an electronic balance, the amount of mass loss of the soil contact part under different working conditions is calculated, and the wear resistance of the soil contact part is determined based on the amount of mass loss. In step S404, the surface morphology of the soil contact component is observed using an optical microscope or a scanning electron microscope, and the wear mechanism of the soil contact component is determined according to the pits, grooves, and adhesions of the surface wear morphology.
[0033] The present invention allows for simultaneous impact and abrasive wear tests on tilling tines 6, disc harrow 7, and tip samples 8 of plow shears, simulating and verifying the overall performance of impact resistance and wear resistance of soil contact parts, speeding up the tests, and improving test efficiency. The sandbox 9 is preferably a hollow box measuring 2m × 1.5m × 0.5m. A vibrator 5 is attached to the lower end of the sandbox 9 and uses vibration to quickly restore the test sandstone 91 to the required density for the test, while simultaneously maintaining a simulation of a micro-vibration environment during the test. The rotating shaft of the first test mechanism 2 is fixedly mounted on the upper left side of the sandbox 9 via a vertical bearing base, the first drive mechanism and the first transmission mechanism are mounted on the left side of the sandbox 9, the rail wheel 338 of the second test mechanism 3 rotates axially on an annular guide rail, the annular guide rail is welded to the sandbox 9, and the second drive mechanism 32 and the second transmission mechanism 33 are mounted on the right side of the sandbox 9. The tilling tines 6, disc harrow 7, and plow shear tip samples 8 are driven independently by three different transmission mechanisms. After the test is completed, the soil contact parts are cleaned and dried, worn areas are photographed and recorded, weight is measured, the weight loss is measured, and the data is recorded. The weight loss and external wear condition of the samples after the test are organized according to the set initial values and the tested density and humidity data. Research and analysis of impact and abrasive wear failure of soil contact parts is conducted to study the wear profile of soil contact parts of agricultural machinery.
[0034] Of course, the present invention can have many other embodiments. Those skilled in the art can make various corresponding changes and modifications based on the present invention without departing from the spirit and essence of the invention, but all such corresponding changes and modifications should fall within the scope of protection of the claims appended to the present invention. [Explanation of Symbols]
[0035] 1. Measurement and Control System 11. Moisture sensor 12. High-density sensor 13 Torque Sensor 2. First Testing Facility 21. Tillage Tine Testing Organization 211 Bracket 212 Tiller tine rotation shaft 213 First vertical bearing base 214 First Overload Protection Universal Transmission Shaft 215 First Coupling 216 First gear hard tooth surface reducer 217 First Variable Frequency Motor 22. Disk Harrow Testing Mechanism 221 Bracket 222 Disc harrow rotating shaft 223 Second vertical bearing base 224 Second Overload Protection Universal Transmission Shaft 225 Second Coupling 226 Second gear hard tooth surface reducer 227 Second Variable Frequency Motor 3. Second Testing Facility 31 Second bracket 32 Second drive mechanism 321 Motor 322 Reducer 323 Gear steering gear 33. Second transmission mechanism 331 Large Synchronized Wheel 332 Small Synchronous Wheel 333 Synchronized belt 334 Horizontal bearing base 335 Overload protection coupling 336 spin cross 337 Annular guide rail 338 Rail Wheel 34 Screw Lifting Mechanism 35. Soil-covering compaction wheel 4. High-speed camera mechanism 41. Photo stand 42 Dustproof Cameras 5 Vibrators 6. Tiller tines 7 Disc Halo 8. Plowshare tip samples 9 sandbox 91 Test sandstone
Claims
1. A test stand for impact and abrasive wear of soil-contacting parts, The sandbox is filled with test sand and stones, The first test mechanism is installed in conjunction with the sandbox and is for wear testing of a circumferentially rotating soil contact component, and includes a first bracket, a first drive mechanism, a first transmission mechanism, and a first test connecting member, wherein the first bracket is installed on one side of the sandbox, the first drive mechanism is attached to the first bracket, the first transmission mechanism is connected to the first drive mechanism and the first test connecting member, respectively, the first test connecting member is located inside the sandbox and is positioned to mount the circumferentially rotating soil contact component to be tested, the shaft of the first test connecting member is installed horizontally, and the first test mechanism rotates the circumferentially rotating soil contact component to be tested within the test sandstone, The second test mechanism is installed in conjunction with the aforementioned sandbox and is for the abrasion test of translational soil contact components, and includes a second bracket, a second drive mechanism, a second transmission mechanism, and a second test connecting member, wherein the second bracket is installed on the other side of the sandbox, the second drive mechanism is attached to the second bracket, the second transmission mechanism is connected to the second drive mechanism and the second test connecting member, respectively, the second test connecting member is located inside the sandbox and is positioned to attach the translational soil contact components, and the shaft of the second test connecting member is installed vertically. A measurement and control system connected to the first and second test mechanisms, respectively, and used for setting test parameters and monitoring the test process, A test stand for impact and abrasive wear of soil-contacting parts, characterized by including the following:
2. The impact and abrasive wear test stand for soil contact components according to claim 1, characterized in that the first test mechanism includes a tilling tine test mechanism and / or a disc harrow test mechanism.
3. The impact and abrasive wear test stand for soil contact components according to claim 2, characterized in that a torque sensor is installed in the first transmission mechanism and the torque sensor is connected to the measurement and control system.
4. The first drive mechanism of the tilling tine test mechanism is a first variable frequency motor and a first gear hard tooth surface reducer, and the first transmission mechanism includes a first overload protection universal transmission shaft, the first overload protection universal transmission shaft is connected to the first gear hard tooth surface reducer via a first coupling, The impact and abrasive wear test stand for soil contact parts according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the first test connecting member is a tilling tine rotation shaft, is attached to the sand box via a first vertical bearing base and connected to the first overload protection universal transmission shaft, and the tilling tine to be tested is attached to the tilling tine rotation shaft.
5. The first drive mechanism of the disc harrow test mechanism is a second variable frequency motor and a second gear hard tooth surface reducer, the first transmission mechanism includes a second overload protection universal transmission shaft, the second overload protection universal transmission shaft is connected to the second gear hard tooth surface reducer via a second coupling, The impact and abrasive wear test stand for soil contact components according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the second test connecting member is a disc harrow rotating shaft, which is attached to the sandbox via a second vertical bearing base and connected to the second overload protection universal transmission shaft, and the disc harrow to be tested is attached to the disc harrow rotating shaft.
6. The impact and abrasive wear test stand for soil contact components according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the second transmission mechanism includes an annular guide rail, rail wheels, a rotating cross, and a belt transmission mechanism, the annular guide rail being attached to the sandbox, the rail wheels being connected to the cantilevered ends of the rotating cross and moving along the annular guide rail, the rotating cross being connected to the second drive mechanism via the belt transmission mechanism, the second test connecting member being attached to the cantilevered end of the rotating cross and positioned below the rotating cross, and the translational soil contact component to be tested being installed at the lower end of the screw lifting mechanism, and the mounting angle and soil contact depth being adjusted according to actual working conditions.
7. The second test mechanism further includes a soil-filling wheel for backfilling the excavated test sand or trench, The impact and abrasive wear test stand for soil contact components according to claim 6, characterized in that the second test connecting member is a screw lifting mechanism, and two soil-covering pressing wheels and two screw lifting mechanisms are mounted symmetrically with respect to the midpoint of the cantilevered rotating cross.
8. It further includes a high-speed camera mechanism, The high-speed camera mechanism includes a shooting stand and a plurality of dustproof cameras attached to the shooting stand, wherein the shooting stand is attached to the sandbox. The impact and abrasive wear test stand for soil contact parts according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that each of the plurality of dustproof cameras is installed corresponding to the soil contact part to be tested, connected to the measurement and control system, and captures and records the wear state of the soil contact part to be tested, and transmits the captured photographs and videos to the measurement and control system.
9. The system further includes a vibrator fixed to the ground, and the sandbox is attached to the vibrator. The vibrator is positioned to vibrate the test sand material in the sandbox, compressing its volume and rapidly restoring the test sandstone to a predetermined density. The impact and abrasive wear test stand for soil contact parts according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that it maintains a micro-vibration environment during the test to simulate the fretting wear environment of soil contact parts due to tractor vibration.
10. The impact and abrasive wear test stand for soil contact parts according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the test sand and stones include standard abrasives of different particle sizes, pebbles, irregular stones, tree roots, and crop straw.
11. Inside the aforementioned sandbox, a moisture sensor and a density sensor are installed near the soil-contacting component to be tested. The impact and abrasive wear test stand for soil contact parts according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the moisture sensor and the density sensor are respectively connected to the measurement and control system to acquire real-time working condition parameters, or the moisture sensor and the density sensor are configured as independent movable parts and each is connected to the measurement and control system.
12. A method for testing impact and abrasive wear of soil-contacting parts, Step S100 involves taking a photograph of the soil-contacting component to be tested, weighing it, recording the data, mixing the ratio of test sand and stones according to the test needs, and placing it in the sand box. Step S200 includes setting test parameters, setting the movement speed of the soil contact component to be tested using a speed adjustment motor, adjusting the camera's shooting frequency according to the movement speed, recording the wear state of the soil contact component to be tested at regular time intervals, setting the number of sensor detections according to the actual measurement requirements, and setting the number of rotation turns and duration of the soil contact component to be tested. Step S300 involves starting the test, monitoring the test travel speed, time, torque, soil density, soil moisture, and the wear condition of the soil contact part being tested during the test, and removing the soil contact part being tested after reaching a set number of turns or duration. A method for testing impact and abrasive wear of soil contact parts, characterized by comprising step S400, which analyzes the appearance, impact resistance, wear resistance, and wear mechanism of the soil contact part to be tested.
13. In step S100, If the soil contact component to be tested is a circumferentially rotating soil contact component, S101 involves attaching the circumferentially rotating soil contact component to the first test mechanism and adjusting the mounting angle as necessary. The method for testing impact and abrasive wear of a soil contact component according to claim 12, further comprising S102, when the soil contact component to be tested is a translational soil contact component, attaching the translational soil contact component to the second test mechanism, adjusting the screw lifting mechanism to its highest point, attaching the translational soil contact component to be tested, and then lowering it to the required soil contact depth.
14. In step S400, S401 involves cleaning and drying the soil contact part to be tested, and observing whether the soil contact part is damaged or bent. S402 compares the impact resistance of soil contact parts made of different materials under different test parameter conditions, depending on the setting of different test parameter conditions, different test specimen materials, and surface conditions. S403 involves weighing the mass of the soil contact part using an analytical balance or electronic balance, calculating the amount of mass loss of the soil contact part under different working conditions, and determining the wear resistance of the soil contact part according to the amount of mass loss. The method for testing impact and abrasive wear of a soil contact component according to claim 12 or 13, further comprising S404, which involves observing the surface morphology of the soil contact component using an optical microscope or a scanning electron microscope and determining the wear mechanism of the soil contact component according to the pits, grooves, and adhesions of the surface wear morphology.