A system for controlling the charging and / or discharging power of at least one energy storage device.

Abstract

The present invention relates to a system (10) for charging an energy storage device (20) from a grid (30) and / or supplying energy from an energy storage device (20) to a grid (30) by controlling the charge and / or discharge power (PE, PL) of at least one energy storage device (20) over a predetermined operating period (B), wherein an energy storage device control unit (11) can determine a first charge and / or discharge profile (LEP1) over the operating period (B), which is in particular the first charge and / or discharge power (P) over a predetermined charge and / or discharge period (t1 to t8). LEP1 ) and the grid state control unit (12) determines at least one target charge and / or discharge power (P) depending on the current grid state (30), in particular the grid frequency, and / or grid state prediction (31). SLP The system (10) can determine at least one target power profile (SLP) including ) for at least the first part of the operating period, and can change a first charge and / or discharge profile (LEP1) to at least a second charge and / or discharge profile (LEP2) by a charge and / or discharge power control unit (13), taking into account the target power profile (SLP).

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a system for controlling the charging and / or discharging power of at least one energy storage device. [Background technology]

[0002] To control the charging and / or discharging power of an energy storage device, it is desirable to provide a charging and / or discharging profile. This allows the energy storage device to charge and discharge based on that profile. [Overview of the project] [Problems that the invention aims to solve]

[0003] The object of the present invention is to provide a novel and / or improved system for controlling the charging and / or discharging power of at least one energy storage device. [Means for solving the problem]

[0004] This objective is achieved by the system described in claim 1. Further advantageous developments arise, in particular, from claims dependent on claim 1.

[0005] According to claim 1, the present invention is a system for charging an energy storage device from the grid and / or supplying energy from an energy storage device to the grid by controlling the charging and / or discharging power of at least one energy storage device over a predetermined operating period, The energy storage device control unit can determine a first charge and / or discharge profile over the operating period, which includes, in particular, the first charge and / or discharge power during a predetermined charge and / or discharge period. The grid state control unit can determine, in response to the current grid state, particularly the grid frequency and / or grid state prediction, at least one target power profile (or third charge and / or discharge profile) including at least one target charge and / or discharge power (or third charge and / or discharge power) for at least the first part of the operating period or the entire operating period, particularly for a predetermined charge and / or discharge period. The charge and / or discharge power control unit can change the first charge and / or discharge profile to at least a second charge and / or discharge profile, taking into account the target power profile in particular.

[0006] The target charge profile is also called the third charge and / or discharge profile. The target charge and / or discharge power is also called the third charge and / or discharge power.

[0007] In one embodiment, a charge and / or discharge power control unit can change a first charge and / or discharge profile to at least a second charge and / or discharge profile, such change is made so as not to exceed the first charge and / or discharge power of the first charge and / or discharge profile and / or the target charge and / or discharge power of the target power profile, at least for the first part of the operating period or the operating period, particularly for a predetermined charge and / or discharge period.

[0008] In one embodiment, a charge and / or discharge power control unit can change a first charge and / or discharge profile to at least a second charge and / or discharge profile, such change is made so as not to exceed the first charge and / or discharge power of the first charge and / or discharge profile and / or the target charge and / or discharge power of the target power profile, at least for the first part of the operating period or the operating period, particularly for a predetermined charge and / or discharge period.

[0009] In one embodiment, “not exceeding” should be understood to mean a value between 0 and the respective charge or discharge power, and not to mean charging instead of discharging, or discharging instead of charging.

[0010] In particular, in one embodiment, “not exceeding” should be understood to mean a power value between a specific charging power and a specific discharging power. This could mean, for example, that during a given charging and / or discharging period, the charging power defined by a first charging and / or discharging profile is changed, or can be changed, by a charging and / or discharging power control unit, to the discharging power defined by the target power profile for that charging and / or discharging period, in particular.

[0011] In one embodiment, during the first part of the operating period or throughout the operating period, the target charge and / or discharge power is at least intermittently lower than the first charge and / or discharge power.

[0012] In one embodiment, a second charge and / or discharge profile is provided to control the charge and / or discharge power of at least one energy storage device. In one embodiment, the second charge and / or discharge profile defines the power on which at least one energy storage device is charged and / or discharged. For this purpose, a signal is generated and preferably transmitted to the energy storage device, which determines the charge and / or discharge power of at least one energy storage device. Preferably, the charging of at least one energy storage device from and / or discharging to the grid is performed according to the second charge and / or discharge profile.

[0013] The second charge and / or discharge profile preferably controls the charge and / or discharge power of at least one energy storage device to charge the energy storage device from the grid and / or supply energy from the energy storage device to the grid during a given operating period.

[0014] The system of the present invention makes it possible to determine and / or provide a second charge and / or discharge profile based on a first charge and / or discharge profile determined by an energy storage control unit, and based on at least one target power profile determined by a grid state control unit. This target power profile is determined due to the current grid state, in particular the grid frequency, and / or grid state prediction.

[0015] The system of the present invention makes it possible to determine a second charge and / or discharge profile based on data from an energy storage device, particularly movement data, and based on at least one current grid state and / or grid state prediction. This makes it possible, in particular, for the charging and discharging of the energy storage device to be performed within an acceptable and / or desired range, particularly with maximum charge and discharge power, and for oversupply and / or undersupply to be reduced or eliminated rather than further amplified.

[0016] The system of the present invention makes it possible to determine a second charge and / or discharge profile, particularly with respect to improving the utilization efficiency of energy storage devices and improving grid stability, especially reducing grid underload and grid overload.

[0017] In particular, the target power profile includes grid-related requirements regarding charging and discharging of the energy storage device, while the first charging and / or discharging profile includes storage-related requirements regarding charging and discharging of the energy storage device. In particular, the second charging and / or discharging profile takes into account both grid-related requirements and storage-related requirements regarding charging and discharging of the energy storage device.

[0018] In particular, at least one target charging and / or discharging power includes the (target) charging and / or discharging power determined by the grid state control unit based on the power available in the grid. In particular, it is determined in order to compensate for an over-supply or under-supply in the grid and / or for balanced grid operation. In one embodiment, the target charging power corresponds to the excess power available in the grid, particularly in the sense of an over-supply to the grid. In one embodiment, the target discharging power corresponds to the power lacking in the grid, particularly in the sense of an under-supply in the grid.

[0019] In one embodiment, the target charging and / or discharging power corresponds to the charging and / or discharging power required for balanced operation of the grid. At least one target charging and / or discharging power is, in particular, the charging and / or discharging power required for balanced operation of the grid, whereby, in particular, the difference between the power supplied to the grid and the power drawn from the grid is compensated.

[0020] The target power profile preferably includes at least one target charging and / or discharging power. The target charging and / or discharging power particularly refers to at least one predetermined charging and / or discharging period.

[0021] The system according to the invention enables, in particular, drawing energy from the grid during over-supply and supplying energy to the grid during under-supply.

[0022] Preferably, the system enables a reduction of grid oversupply and / or undersupply by at least 1%, particularly during at least one predetermined charge and / or discharge period. Particularly preferably, in one embodiment, the system enables compensation for grid oversupply and / or undersupply, particularly during at least one predetermined charge and / or discharge period.

[0023] Energy specifically refers to electrical energy. Charging an energy storage device specifically refers to the flow of current from the grid to the energy storage device. Discharging an energy storage device specifically refers to the flow of current from the energy storage device to the grid.

[0024] Charging and / or discharging power refers specifically to the power profile during the operating period. This includes, within a given charging and / or discharging period, discharging the energy storage device to the grid by the discharge power during each discharge period, and / or charging the energy storage device from the grid by the charging power during each charging period, or neither charging nor discharging.

[0025] In one embodiment, the system includes an update unit that can update the first and / or second charge and / or discharge profiles and / or target power profiles at a predetermined frequency, particularly in the range of 1 to 10 seconds, with each update step. This can generate a rolling process, where the start and end of the operating period are shifted backward by the difference from the previous update step, particularly at each update.

[0026] In particular, the update unit preferably generates an update signal at a frequency ranging from 1 to 10 seconds and transmits it to the energy storage control unit and / or grid state control unit and / or charge and / or discharge power control unit. Upon receiving the update signal, these units update the first and / or second charge and / or discharge profile and / or target power profile.

[0027] In one embodiment, the length of the operation period is 1 to 4 days, and it starts in particular after the first time interval from the current time, preferably 10 to 20 seconds later.

[0028] In one embodiment, the energy storage device comprises a storage data unit, a charge and / or discharge control unit, and / or a storage unit.

[0029] In one embodiment, the storage unit comprises at least one or more energy storage devices, or comprises both. Herein, the energy storage device or the multiple energy storage devices have an output of at least 500 kW, preferably at least 2 MW.

[0030] In one embodiment, the storage unit comprises at least one battery storage device, or a plurality of battery storage devices, or comprises both. Here, the battery storage device or plurality of battery storage devices have an output of at least 500 kW, preferably at least 2 MW.

[0031] Energy storage devices refer specifically to rechargeable energy storage devices and / or rechargeable galvanic elements. Battery storage devices refer specifically to rechargeable battery storage devices and / or rechargeable galvanic elements.

[0032] The battery storage device may include, for example, at least one LiFePO4 storage unit and / or at least one lithium-ion storage unit. The battery storage device may also include at least one sodium-ion battery and / or sodium-ion storage unit (sodium-ion battery, SIB).

[0033] The battery storage device may include, for example, at least one flow battery storage device, particularly a redox flow battery storage device, a liquid battery and / or a wet battery. The flow battery storage device is particularly an energy storage device. The flow battery storage device stores electrical energy, particularly in chemical compounds, and the reactants exist in a dissolved form in a solvent.

[0034] The battery storage device may include at least one heat storage device. In particular, the heat storage device is electrically rechargeable.

[0035] Battery storage systems include, in particular, solar cells, solar batteries, or household energy storage systems. Battery storage systems include, in particular, stationary or mobile energy storage systems. Battery storage systems include, in particular, rechargeable energy storage systems and / or battery-based energy storage systems.

[0036] In one embodiment, the energy storage device has power between 3 MW and 600 MW, particularly as electrical input and / or output power. In one embodiment, the energy storage device has capacity between 3 MWh and 1200 MWh, particularly as electrical capacity.

[0037] In one embodiment, the energy storage system includes a grid-scale battery storage system.

[0038] In one embodiment, the energy storage device is particularly linked to a photovoltaic power generation system and / or includes an adjoining battery storage device with an output of 2 MW to 5 MW.

[0039] In one embodiment, the energy storage device includes a battery storage device located behind the meter, particularly having an output of 6 kW to 600 kW.

[0040] In one embodiment, the energy storage device includes an EV battery storage device and / or a storage unit that works in conjunction with a solar power generation system and a wind turbine, and / or a storage unit that works in conjunction with a combined heat and power plant and / or a run-of-river hydroelectric power plant.

[0041] In one embodiment, the energy storage device control unit comprises an energy management system (EMS), a battery management system (BMS), a power management system (PMS), and / or a frequency control device, and in particular, the energy storage device control unit collects storage data from the energy storage device's storage data unit.

[0042] In one embodiment, the energy storage device control unit collects data of the energy storage device (20), particularly first data or operational data, particularly the current state of charge (SoC), current state of health (SoH), current capacity, data of the energy storage device cells, particularly temperature, voltage, and / or resistance, and / or the current temperature of the energy storage device, particularly inside its container, and / or the environment of the energy storage device.

[0043] The energy storage device control unit determines a first charge and / or discharge profile over the operating period. This profile includes, in particular, the first charge and / or discharge power during a given charge and / or discharge period. For this purpose, from data of the energy storage device, the energy storage device control unit preferably determines the charge power and subsequent discharge power that allows for the fastest possible charge and / or discharge of the energy storage device, but without excessively overloading the energy storage device by, for example, excessive temperature and / or excessive voltage and / or current.

[0044] For example, an energy storage device control unit can calculate a first charging power from the maximum allowable charging current and operating voltage.

[0045] The energy storage device is, or preferably includes, a rechargeable battery or energy storage device. The energy storage device preferably includes cells, in particular energy storage cells or battery cells.

[0046] The system of the present invention makes it possible to determine a second charge and / or discharge profile, particularly with respect to improved use and / or extended lifespan of energy storage devices, and with respect to improved grid stability, in particular with respect to reduction of grid underload and grid overload.

[0047] The system of the present invention makes it possible to extend the lifespan of energy storage devices, especially when energy storage devices are used at least as much as or more than those used for grid stability. Preferably, this is achieved by optimizing the energy storage devices based on degradation by the system. The system of the present invention makes it possible to reduce the degradation of energy storage devices, preferably by at least 5%, and especially preferably by at least 10% or 20%. This is achieved when energy storage devices are used at an equal or greater rate for grid stabilization.

[0048] In particular, the degradation of an energy storage device refers to the process by which the amount of energy that the energy storage device can store, or the amount of electricity that the energy storage device can supply, permanently decreases.

[0049] In one embodiment, the energy storage device control unit determines or estimates data of the energy storage device, particularly second data, preferably operational data. The data, particularly second data, is a stressor for the energy storage device. The data, particularly second data, preferably includes at least one, any combination, or all of the following data: - Stress caused by aging of energy storage devices ("stress over time") - Temperature-induced stress on energy storage units ("temperature stress") - Stress caused by the charge state of energy storage ("charge state stress") - Stress caused by charging and / or discharging currents of energy storage ("C-rate stress") - Stress caused by the amplitude of the charge state curve of energy storage ("depth of discharge stress") - Stress caused by the formation of a solid electrolyte interface layer within an energy storage device ("Formation of a solid electrolyte interface layer") - Stress caused by chemically induced transitions in the voltage profile of energy storage devices

[0050] Stress due to aging of energy storage devices ("stress over time") refers to the decrease in capacity and efficiency of energy storage devices that occurs due to aging, regardless of their usage conditions.

[0051] Temperature stress in energy storage devices ("thermal stress") refers to the phenomenon in which the capacity and efficiency of an energy storage device's cells decrease, particularly when they are subjected to unfavorable temperature conditions, such as temperatures exceeding the maximum temperature or falling below the minimum temperature. Both low and high temperatures can cause stress, affecting the energy storage device's cells in different ways. Specifically, these can include a shortened lifespan of the energy storage device's cells and an increase in their internal resistance. The temperature and / or thermal stress on the cells may depend particularly on the charging and / or discharging current of the energy storage device.

[0052] The relationship between temperature and temperature-dependent stress is preferably nonlinear.

[0053] The stress caused by the charge state of an energy storage device (charge state stress) refers to the stress that arises from the retention of energy within the energy storage device, particularly at high charge levels. The dependency relationship between the charge state and charge state stress is preferably nonlinear.

[0054] Stress caused by the charging or discharging current of an energy storage device ("C-rate stress") is particularly caused by high current or elevated charging / discharging currents of the energy storage device.

[0055] The dependency between the current intensity of the charging or discharging current and the stress caused by the charging or discharging current is preferably nonlinear.

[0056] The amplitude of the charge state curve of an energy storage device, or the stress caused by the charge curve ("depth of discharge stress"), is particularly caused by charge cycles with large amplitudes between the charge and discharge states of the energy storage device, especially amplitude levels that exceed a predetermined amplitude level between the charge and discharge states of the energy storage device.

[0057] The dependency between the amplitude or amplitude level and the stress due to the amplitude of the charge state curve is preferably nonlinear.

[0058] Stress caused by the formation of a solid electrolyte interface layer within an energy storage device is particularly pronounced in new energy storage devices (or batteries) and refers to stress caused by a process accelerated by other stressors. This process is preferably nonlinear.

[0059] Stress due to chemically induced transitions in the voltage profile of an energy storage device refers, in particular, to stress concentrated in chemical processes at specific transitions in the charge state, resulting in increased stress. These specific transitions in the charge state are preferably selective effects on the voltage curve of the energy storage device. In particular, stress due to chemically induced transitions in the voltage curve depends nonlinearly, preferably highly nonlinearly, with respect to the voltage and / or voltage curve of the energy storage device.

[0060] Preferably, the second data is determined or estimated from the first data.

[0061] The energy storage device control unit determines a first charge and / or discharge profile from, or using, the first and / or second data, in particular from the first and / or second data, and from the data determined, estimated, and / or collected by the energy storage device control unit.

[0062] In one embodiment, the energy storage device control unit is designed to determine a first charge and / or discharge profile from, or using, a first and / or second set of data determined, estimated, and / or collected by the energy storage device control unit.

[0063] In one embodiment, the energy storage device control unit collects data from the energy storage device. In particular, it determines or estimates first data from the energy storage device, or first data from the energy storage device. In particular, it determines or estimates second data from the energy storage device, or second data, preferably from or using the first data. Then, it determines or estimates a first charge and / or discharge profile from the data, particularly the first data and / or second data.

[0064] It is preferable to understand the term "stress" in each case to mean an excessive load on an energy storage device and / or a load that shortens the lifespan of the energy storage device, particularly a load compared to a predetermined lifespan. The excessive demands, i.e., the processes that cause stress, within or on the energy storage device are also specifically called stressors.

[0065] In one embodiment, the grid state control unit detects and / or determines the grid signals of the grid, particularly the current grid frequency and / or prediction of the grid frequency, and the grid state, particularly oversupply or undersupply, preferably at 1-second intervals, preferably every 1 to 10 seconds.

[0066] In one embodiment, the grid state control unit includes at least one frequency measurement unit for determining the current grid frequency.

[0067] In one embodiment, the grid state control unit detects and / or determines the grid state prediction.

[0068] In particular, grid state prediction includes predictions of energy supplied to the grid, predictions of energy extracted from the grid, and predictions of grid oversupply and / or undersupply based on these predictions.

[0069] The grid state forecast specifically includes solar power forecasts and / or wind power forecasts based on at least one weather model.

[0070] Solar power forecasts and / or wind power forecasts specifically refer to predictions of the expected impact of electricity supplied to the grid by solar power systems and / or wind turbines. In particular, future solar radiation and / or future, especially average wind power, are determined in relation to the grid area assigned to the grid, based on at least one weather model and / or weather forecast data.

[0071] Preferably, the predicted amount of energy supplied to the grid is determined based on the predicted solar radiation and / or the predicted, in particular, average wind intensity.

[0072] Grid state forecasting includes, in particular, consumption forecasting and / or control power demand forecasting.

[0073] Consumption forecasting specifically refers to predictions of the expected impact of electricity consumption on the grid. In particular, it refers to predictions of how electricity will be drawn from the grid in the expected manner.

[0074] Grid state predictions are particularly equipped with weather models, satellite imagery, and Sahara dust forecasts.

[0075] Grid state predictions, in particular, predict the operating status of systems that supply power to the grid, such as those comprising at least one coal-fired power generation unit.

[0076] Grid condition prediction includes, in particular, thermal imaging evaluation of power plants using infrared cameras, and / or magnetic resonance measurements of power plants via transmission lines.

[0077] In one embodiment, grid state forecasting may include price forecasting as well as forecasting available, requested, and / or supplied power levels.

[0078] Preferably, the forecast of energy supplied to the grid includes forecasts for at least one type of supply. The supply types include, for example, supply from solar power, supply from wind energy, and / or supply from power plants.

[0079] In one embodiment, the grid is a power grid, and more particularly a public power grid and / or an external power grid and / or a local power grid and / or an internal power grid.

[0080] In one embodiment, the power grid is a high-voltage grid or comprises a high-voltage grid. In particular, the grid is operated at voltages from 100kV to 380kV.

[0081] In one embodiment, the charging and / or discharging periods are predetermined in 1-second intervals or 5 to 60-minute intervals. In particular, they are defined as positive and / or negative values, or as charging and / or discharging profiles.

[0082] In particular, the operating period consists of multiple charging and / or discharging periods. Preferably, the duration of each charging and / or discharging period is 5 to 60 minutes.

[0083] In one embodiment, the first charge and / or discharge profile includes at least one discharge from the energy storage device to the grid and at least one subsequent charge from the grid to the energy storage device. In particular, the charge of the energy storage device is configured to exceed at least a first charge state of the energy storage device, and the subsequent discharge of the energy storage device is configured to fall below at least a second charge state of the energy storage device.

[0084] The first charge and / or discharge profile, in particular, takes into account data or operational data of the energy storage device, refers to at least one discharge from the energy storage device to the grid and at least one subsequent charge from the grid to the energy storage device.

[0085] The charge state refers specifically to the charge state relative to the energy storage capacity of an energy storage device. The charge state is preferably expressed as a percentage. Preferably, a charge state of 0% indicates an empty energy storage device, and a charge state of 100% indicates a fully charged energy storage device. The charge state is preferably called "State of Charge (SoC)".

[0086] In one embodiment, the first charge state is at least 80%, and more particularly at least 90%. In one embodiment, the second charge state is up to 20%, and more particularly up to 10%.

[0087] In one embodiment, the first charge state differs from the second charge state by at least a predetermined depth of discharge (DoD). Preferably, the predetermined depth of discharge is at least 60%, more preferably at least 70%, even more preferably at least 80%, and particularly at least 90%.

[0088] Preferably, the first charge and / or discharge profile causes periodic charging and discharging of the energy storage device.

[0089] In one embodiment, the first charge and / or discharge profile comprises the respective maximum charge and / or discharge powers determined from battery data.

[0090] Charging power specifically refers to the charging process, which involves supplying electrical energy from the grid to energy storage devices. Charging power is primarily derived from the product of the charging current and the charging voltage.

[0091] Discharge power refers specifically to the discharge that supplies electrical energy from an energy storage device to the grid. Discharge power is primarily derived from the value obtained by multiplying the discharge current by the discharge voltage.

[0092] In one embodiment, the target power profile comprises at least one target power supply from the energy storage device to the grid and / or at least one target charge from the grid to the energy storage device, based on the expected grid deviation.

[0093] In one embodiment, the target power profile includes the maximum power extracted from the grid and / or the maximum power supplied to the grid, which are determined based on the current grid conditions, particularly the grid frequency, and / or the grid condition forecast, respectively.

[0094] In one embodiment, the target power profile comprises the charge or discharge power for each charge and / or discharge period, predicted by grid state prediction, particularly by the grid state control unit.

[0095] In one embodiment, the target power profile takes into account at least one more predicted grid condition further in the future, e.g., the next day, to define the charging and / or discharging period. For example, the target power profile may take into account the fact that a surplus or shortage at a future point in time (e.g., the next day) is expected to be greater than that during the charging and / or discharging period. This reduces the corresponding target charging power or target discharging power during the charging and / or discharging period.

[0096] In one embodiment, a charge and / or discharge power control unit provides a second charge and / or discharge profile to at least one charge and / or discharge control unit of an energy storage device in order to control the charge and / or discharge power.

[0097] In one embodiment, the system, in particular an energy storage device control unit and / or a grid state control unit and / or a charging and / or discharging power control unit, comprises, in particular, an artificial and / or machine-based neural network and / or a network based on artificial intelligence (AI system, AI unit).

[0098] In one embodiment, the neural network is formed by a feedforward network in particular. Specifically, the feedforward network is designed so that the output of neurons is directed only in the processing direction and / or not fed back by recursive edges.

[0099] The neural network specifically includes at least one input layer, at least one output layer, and at least one, preferably at least two, hidden layers.

[0100] In one embodiment, the system, particularly the energy storage device control unit and / or grid state control unit and / or charge and / or discharge power control unit, implements reinforcement learning or reinforcement machine learning (RL). In particular, in such cases, the software agent autonomously learns a strategy to maximize the rewards obtained.

[0101] In one embodiment, the system, in particular the energy storage device control unit and / or grid state control unit and / or charge and / or discharge power control unit, comprises at least one unit based on machine learning.

[0102] The present invention also relates to a system configuration for controlling the charging and / or discharging power of at least one energy storage device over a predetermined operating period in order to charge the energy storage device from the grid and / or to supply energy from the energy storage device to the grid, as well as to an energy storage device and / or grid.

[0103] The system according to the present invention will be further described in the following embodiments with reference to the drawings. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0104] [Figure 1] The charging profile according to the present invention is shown. [Figure 2] The system according to the present invention is shown. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0105] Figure 2 shows a system 10 that controls the charging power PL and / or discharging power PE over a predetermined operating period B for at least one energy storage device 20 shown in Figure 1, in order to charge the energy storage device 20 from the grid 30 and / or to supply energy from the energy storage device 20 to the grid 30.

[0106] The energy storage device control unit 11 can be used to determine the first charge and / or discharge profile LEP1 shown in Figure 1 over the operating period B. This profile determines the first charge and / or discharge power P over a predetermined charge and / or discharge period t1 to t8. LEP1 Includes.

[0107] Using the grid state control unit 12, at least one target power profile SLP and at least one target charge and / or discharge power PSLP can be determined for at least the first part of the operating period B, depending on the current grid state 30, in particular the grid frequency and / or grid state prediction 31.

[0108] The first charge and / or discharge profile LEP1 can be changed to at least the second charge and / or discharge profile LEP2 using the charge and / or discharge power control unit 13. This change affects the first charge and discharge power P of the first charge and discharge profile LEP1 during the operating period. LEP1The target charge and discharge power P of the target power profile SLP during the operating period shall not exceed the target power profile SLP. SLP It will be carried out in a manner that does not exceed the limit.

[0109] During the first part of the operating period, the charging and / or discharging power P SLP In either case, the first charge and / or discharge power P LEP1 It is lower than the above. A second charge and / or discharge profile LEP2 is provided to control the charge and / or discharge power of at least one energy storage device 30.

[0110] The first charge and / or discharge profile, the second charge and / or discharge profile, and the target power profile are updated by the update unit 14 at a predetermined frequency, particularly in the range of 1 to 10 seconds, with each update step.

[0111] This makes it possible to generate a rolling process that shifts the start and end of operation period B backward, particularly with each update, by the difference from the previous update step.

[0112] The length of the operation period B is 1 to 4 days, and it starts in particular from the current time, preferably 10 to 20 seconds after the first time interval.

[0113] The energy storage device 20 comprises a storage data unit 21, a charge and / or discharge control unit 22, and a storage unit 23.

[0114] The storage unit 23 has at least one battery storage device or a plurality of battery storage devices, and in particular, the battery storage device or the plurality of battery storage devices has an output of at least 500 kW, preferably at least 2 MW.

[0115] The energy storage device 20 may include a grid-scale battery storage device with an output particularly between 3 MW and 22 MW.

[0116] Alternatively, the energy storage device 20 may include an attached battery storage device that is particularly linked to a photovoltaic power generation system and has an output of 2 MW to 5 MW.

[0117] Alternatively, the energy storage device 20 may include a battery storage device located behind the meter, particularly having an output of 6 kW to 600 kW.

[0118] Alternatively, the energy storage device 20 may include an EV battery storage device, and / or a storage unit that works in conjunction with a solar power generation system and a wind turbine, and / or a storage unit that works in conjunction with a combined heat and power plant and / or a run-of-river hydroelectric power plant.

[0119] The energy storage device control unit 11 includes an energy management system (EMS), a battery management system (BMS), a power management system (PMS), and / or a frequency control device.

[0120] In particular, the energy storage device control unit 11 collects storage data from the storage data unit 21 of the energy storage device 20.

[0121] The energy storage device control unit 11 collects data from the energy storage device 20, particularly first data and / or operational data.

[0122] In particular, the data, especially the first data, may include the current state of charge (SoC), current state of health (SoH), current capacity, data on the temperature, voltage and / or resistance of the cells of the energy storage device, and / or the current temperature of the energy storage device within its container, and / or the ambient temperature of the energy storage device.

[0123] In particular, this system is designed to extend the service life of the energy storage device 20 by optimization based on the degradation of the energy storage device 20, when the energy storage device 20 is used at least equally for grid stabilization. Preferably, when the energy storage device 20 is used at least equally or nearly equally for grid stabilization, the system reduces the degradation of the energy storage device 20, preferably by at least 5% or more.

[0124] In particular, the energy storage device control unit 11 determines or estimates data of the energy storage device 20, especially second data or operational data. Here, the data, especially second data, includes at least one, any combination, or all of the following data: - Stress caused by aging of energy storage devices ("stress over time") - Temperature-induced stress on energy storage unit ("temperature stress") - Stress caused by the charge state of energy storage devices ("charge state stress") - Stress caused by charging or discharging current in energy storage devices ("C-rate stress") - Stress caused by the amplitude of the charge state curve of an energy storage device ("depth of discharge stress") - Stress caused by the formation of a solid electrolyte interface layer within an energy storage device ("Formation of a solid electrolyte interface layer") - Stress caused by chemically induced transitions in the voltage profile of energy storage devices

[0125] Preferably, the second data is determined or estimated from the first data.

[0126] The energy storage device control unit determines a first charge and / or discharge profile LEP1 from, or using, first and / or second data of energy storage determined, estimated, or collected by the energy storage device control unit 11.

[0127] The grid state control unit 12 detects the grid signals of the grid 30, in particular the current grid frequency and / or the predicted grid frequency 31, and the grid state, in particular oversupply or undersupply, preferably at 1-second intervals, preferably every 1 to 10 seconds.

[0128] Grid 30 is a power grid, specifically a public power grid. Alternatively, it may be an external power grid and / or a regional power grid and / or an internal power grid.

[0129] The charging and / or discharging intervals are predefined in 1-second intervals or 5-60 minute intervals. Specifically, they are defined as positive and / or negative values, or as charging and / or discharging profiles.

[0130] The first charge and / or discharge profile LEP1 includes at least one discharge from the energy storage device 20 to the grid, followed by at least one charge from the grid to the energy storage device 20.

[0131] The energy storage device 20 is charged, in particular, such that the amount of charge of the energy storage device 20 exceeds at least one predetermined charge state of the energy storage device 20.

[0132] The subsequent discharge of the energy storage device 20 is carried out such that, in particular, the discharge of the energy storage device 20 falls below at least a second predetermined charge state of the energy storage device 20.

[0133] The target power profile SLP includes at least one target power supply from the energy storage device 20 to the grid and at least one target charge from the grid to the energy storage device 20, based on the expected grid deviation.

[0134] In one embodiment, the target power profile SLP includes the charge or discharge power for each charge and / or discharge period, as predicted by the grid state forecast, particularly by the grid state control unit 12.

[0135] In one embodiment, the target power profile SLP takes into account at least one or more predicted grid states in the more distant future (e.g., the next day) in order to define the charging and / or discharging period. For example, the target power profile takes into account the fact that a supply surplus or deficit at a future point in time (e.g., the next day) is predicted to be even greater than the charging and / or discharging period, and correspondingly reduces the target charging or discharging power P SLP therefrom during the charging and / or discharging periods t1 to t8.

[0136] The charge and / or discharge power control unit 13 provides a second charge and discharge profile LEP2 to at least one charge and / or discharge control unit 22 of the energy storage device 20 in order to control the charge and / or discharge power.

[0137] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an exemplary first charge and discharge profile LEP1 as a solid line together with the charge and discharge power P LEP1 and showing a second charge and discharge profile LEP2 as a dashed line together with the charge and discharge power P LEP2 and showing the target power profile SLP as a (substantially) dotted line together with the target charge and discharge power P SLP . For ease of interpretation, in FIG. 1 overlapping lines are drawn slightly offset from each other.

[0138] In FIG. 1, the charge power PL is shown upward and the discharge power PE is shown downward. Depending on whether the power is in the upper or lower range, charging or discharging of the energy storage device is specified.

[0139] In the example according to FIG. 1, "not exceeding" means a value from 0 to each charge or discharge power, and does not mean discharging instead of charging, or charging instead of discharging.

[0140] In other embodiments not specifically illustrated, “not exceeding” means, in particular, the power value between each charging power and each discharging power. For example, this means that, during a given charging and / or discharging period, i.e., the period corresponding to t1 to t8, the charging power defined by the first charging and / or discharging profile is changed, or can be changed, with respect to the discharging power defined by the target power profile for this charging and / or discharging period, in particular, by the charging and / or discharging power control unit.

[0141] The profile is shown on operating period B, which in the exemplary embodiment shown in Figure 1 is divided into eight timescales from period t1 to t8, with each period ranging from 5 minutes to 60 minutes.

[0142] In the period t1 shown in Figure 1, the first charge and discharge power P of the first charge and discharge profile LEP1 LEP1 While the target power profile SLP has a target charging power P SLP The value is PL1.

[0143] The charge and discharge power control unit 13 changes the first charge and discharge profile LEP1 to the second charge and discharge profile LEP2 during period t1. This changes the first charge and discharge power P of the first charge and discharge profile LEP1 during period t1 of the operating period. LEP1 The target power PL1 of the target power profile SLP does not exceed the limit, and the target charging power PL1 of the target power profile SLP during period t1 of the operating period does not exceed the limit.

[0144] As a result, the second charge and discharge power P of the second charge and discharge profile LEP2 during period t1 LEP2 This becomes zero. Therefore, since neither the charging power nor the discharging power can be greater than zero, the energy storage device neither charges nor discharges.

[0145] During period t2, the first charging power P of the first charging and discharging profile LEP1 LEP1This is PL2, and the target discharge power P of the target power profile SLP. SLP The value is PE1.

[0146] The charge and discharge power control unit 13 changes the first charge and discharge profile LEP1 to the second charge and discharge profile LEP2 during the operating period t2. This change is made so as not to exceed the first charge power PL2 of the first charge and discharge profile LEP1 during the operating period t2, and not to exceed the target discharge power PE1 of the target power profile SLP during the operating period t2.

[0147] As a result, the second charge and discharge power P of the second charge and discharge profile LEP2 during period t2 LEP2 This value becomes zero. Therefore, since there is no charging or discharging power greater than zero, the energy storage device neither charges nor discharges.

[0148] In this case, the first charge and discharge profile LEP1 during period t2 has a first charge power PL2, while the target power profile SLP has a target discharge power PE1.

[0149] Since the non-exceeded state is considered to be a value between 0 and PL2 or 0 and PE1, respectively, the second charge and discharge power P in period t2 LEP2 It becomes zero.

[0150] During period t3, the first charging power P of the first charging and discharging profile LEP1 LEP1 While PL4 is located in the target power profile SLP, the target discharge power P SLP The value is PL3.

[0151] The charge and discharge power control unit 13 changes the first charge and discharge profile LEP1 to the second charge and discharge profile LEP2 during period t3 of the operating period. This change is made so as not to exceed the first charge power PL4 of the first charge and discharge profile LEP1 during period t3 of the operating period, and also not to exceed the target charge power PL3 of the target power profile SLP during period t3 of the operating period.

[0152] As a result, the second charging power P of the second charging and discharging profile LEP2 during period t3 LEP2 This becomes PL3. This means that the energy storage device is charged because the charging power PL3 is greater than zero.

[0153] Therefore, during period t3 of operating period B, the target power PL3 will be lower than the first charging power PL4.

[0154] During period t7, the first discharge power P of the first charge and discharge profile LEP1 LEP1 While PE3 is the target power profile SLP, the target discharge power P SLP It is at the value PE4.

[0155] The charge and discharge power control unit 13 changes the first charge and discharge profile LEP1 to the second charge and discharge profile LEP2 during period t7 of the operating period. This change is made so as not to exceed the first discharge power PE3 of the first charge and discharge profile LEP1 during period t7 of the operating period, and not to exceed the target discharge power PE4 of the target power profile SLP during period t7 of the operating period.

[0156] As a result, the second discharge power P of the second charge and discharge profile LEP2 during period t7 LEP2 This becomes PE3. This means that the energy storage device will discharge because the discharge power PE3 is greater than zero.

[0157] Grid condition forecasts include, in particular, solar power forecasts and / or wind power forecasts, and are preferably based on at least one weather model. Solar power forecasts and / or wind power forecasts mean forecasts of the expected impact on the grid from power supply by solar power systems and / or wind turbines.

[0158] Grid state forecasting specifically includes consumption forecasts and / or control power demand forecasts. Consumption forecasting specifically refers to predictions of the expected impact of power consumption within the grid.

[0159] Grid state forecasts specifically include weather models and / or satellite imagery and / or Sahara dust forecasts.

[0160] Grid state predictions include, in particular, the operating status of systems that supply power to the grid, such as the operating status of coal-fired power generation units.

[0161] Grid condition prediction includes, in particular, thermal imaging evaluation of power plants using infrared cameras, and / or magnetic resonance measurements of power plants using transmission lines.

[0162] In one embodiment, grid state forecasts may include price forecasts and forecasts of available, requested, and / or provided power levels. [Explanation of Symbols]

[0163] 10 Systems 11. Energy Storage Device Control Unit 12 Grid State Control Unit 13. Charging and discharging power control unit 14 Update Units 20 Energy storage devices 21 Data storage unit 22 Charge and Discharge Control Unit 23 Storage Units 30 grid 31 Predictions B. Operating period t1..t8 Charging and / or discharging period LEP1 First Charge and / or Discharge Profile LEP2 Second Charge and / or Discharge Profile SLP Target Power Profile PL charging power PE discharge power PL1..4 Charging power PE1..4 Discharge power P LEP1 First charge and / or discharge power P LEP2 Second charge and / or discharge power P SLP Target charge and / or discharge power

Claims

1. A system (10) that charges an energy storage device (20) from a grid (30) and / or supplies energy from an energy storage device (20) to a grid (30) by controlling the charging and / or discharging power (PE, PL) of at least one energy storage device (20) over a predetermined operating period (B), The energy storage device control unit (11) can determine a first charge and / or discharge profile (LEP1) over the operating period (B), which in particular determines the first charge and / or discharge power (P) over a predetermined charge and / or discharge period (t1 to t8). ＬＥＰ１ ) including, The grid state control unit (12) determines at least one target charge and / or discharge power (P) according to the current grid state (30), in particular the grid frequency, and / or grid state prediction (31). ＳＬＰ At least one target power profile (SLP) including ) can be determined for at least the first part of the operating period, The charging and / or discharging power control unit (13) can change the first charging and / or discharging profile (LEP1) to at least the second charging and / or discharging profile (LEP2), taking into consideration the target power profile (SLP). System (10).

2. The charge and / or discharge power control unit (13) can change the first charge and / or discharge profile (LEP1) to at least the second charge and / or discharge profile (LEP2), which changes the first charge and / or discharge power (P) of the first charge and / or discharge profile (LEP1) for at least the first portion of the operating period (B), particularly for a predetermined charge and / or discharge period. ＬＥＰ１ ) and / or at least one target charge and / or discharge power (P) of the target power profile (SLP) ＳＬＰ ) shall be carried out in such a manner that it does not exceed, and / or, In the first part of the operating period, the target charge and / or discharge power (P ＳＬＰ ) is at least intermittently first charging and / or discharging power (P ＬＥＰ１ ) lower than, and / or, A second charge and / or discharge profile (LEP2) is provided to control the charge and / or discharge power of at least one energy storage device (30). The system according to claim 1.

3. The first and / or second charge and / or discharge profiles can be updated by the update unit (14) at a predetermined frequency, particularly in the range of 1 to 10 seconds, with each update step, thereby generating a rolling process. Here, the start and end of the operation period are shifted backward by the difference from the previous update step, especially at each update. The system according to claim 1 or 2.

4. The operating period is 1 to 4 days, and in particular, it starts after the first time interval from the current time, preferably 10 to 20 seconds later. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 3.

5. The energy storage device (20) comprises a storage data unit (21), a charge and / or discharge control unit (22), and / or a storage unit (23), The storage unit (23) has at least one battery storage device or a plurality of battery storage devices, and in particular, the battery storage device or the plurality of battery storage devices has an output of at least 500 kW, preferably at least 2 MW. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 4.

6. The energy storage device (20) includes, in particular, grid-scale battery storage devices with an output of 3 MW to 22 MW, in particular in conjunction with a solar power generation system and / or an adjoining battery storage device with an output of 2 MW to 5 MW, in particular behind a meter battery storage device with an output of 6 kW to 600 kW and / or a battery storage device for electric vehicles and / or a storage unit in conjunction with a solar power generation system and a wind turbine and / or a storage unit in conjunction with a combined heat and power plant and / or a run-of-river hydroelectric power plant. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 5.

7. The energy storage device control unit (11) includes an energy management system (EMS), a battery management system (BMS), a power management system (PMS), and / or a frequency control device, and in particular the energy storage device control unit (11) collects storage data from the storage data unit (21) of the energy storage device (20). The system according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

8. The energy storage device control unit (11) collects data of the energy storage device (20), in particular first data or operational data, in particular the current charge state (SoC), current health state (SoH), current capacity, data of the cells of the energy storage device in particular temperature, voltage, and / or resistance, and / or in particular the current temperature of the energy storage device within its container, and / or data of the environment of the energy storage device. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

9. The system is designed to extend the lifespan of the energy storage device (20) by optimizing it based on the degradation of the energy storage device (20), even when the energy storage device (20) is used in the same or greater quantities for grid stability, and / or The system, when using the energy storage device (20) in an amount equivalent to or nearly equivalent to that used for grid stabilization, preferably reduces the degradation of the energy storage device (20) by at least 5% or more. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the energy storage device control unit (11) is configured to determine or estimate data of the energy storage device (20), particularly second data and / or operational data, and the data, particularly second data, includes at least one, any combination, or all of the following data. - Stress due to aging of energy storage devices - Stress caused by temperature in energy storage devices - Stress caused by the charge state of energy storage devices - Stress caused by charging and / or discharging currents in energy storage devices - Stress due to the amplitude of the charge state curve of an energy storage device, - Stress caused by the formation of a solid electrolyte interface layer within an energy storage device. - Stress caused by chemically induced transitions in the voltage profile of energy storage devices

11. The energy storage device control unit (11) determines a first charge and / or discharge profile (LEP1) from, or using, the first and / or second data of the energy storage device, which is determined, estimated and / or collected by the energy storage device control unit (11), and / or The energy storage device control unit (11) is configured to determine a first charge and / or discharge profile (LEP1) from, or using, the first and / or second data of the energy storage device, which is determined, estimated and / or collected by the energy storage device control unit (11), and / or The second data is determined or estimated from the first data. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 10.

12. The grid state control unit (12) detects the grid signals of the grid (30), particularly the current grid frequency and / or the predicted grid frequency (31), the grid state, particularly oversupply or undersupply, preferably at 1-second intervals, preferably every 1 to 10 seconds. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 11.

13. Grid state prediction is based on at least one of the following: The system according to any one of claims 1 to 12. Solar power generation forecasts, wind power forecasts (especially based on at least one weather model), energy consumption forecasts, weather models, satellite imagery, plant utilization rates (e.g., coal-fired power units), Sahara dust forecasts, thermal imaging evaluation using infrared cameras at power plants, magnetic resonance measurements of transmission lines at power plants, energy price forecasts, controlled power consumption forecasts, available power levels (especially demand and supply)

14. The grid (30) is a power grid, in particular a public power grid and / or an external power grid and / or a regional power grid and / or an internal power grid. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 13.

15. The charging and / or discharging periods are predefined in 1-second intervals or 5 to 60-minute intervals, and are specifically defined as positive and / or negative values, or as charging and / or discharging profiles. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 14.

16. The first charge and / or discharge profile (LEP1) includes at least one discharge from the energy storage device (20) to the grid and at least one subsequent charge from the grid to the energy storage device (20), in particular configured such that the charge of the energy storage device exceeds at least a first charge state of the energy storage device and the subsequent discharge of the energy storage device falls below at least a second charge state of the energy storage device. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 15.

17. The target power profile (SLP) includes, based on the expected grid deviation, at least one target power supply from the energy storage device (20) to the grid and / or at least one target charge from the grid to the energy storage device (20). The system according to any one of claims 1 to 16.

18. The charge and / or discharge power control unit (13) provides a second charge and / or discharge profile (LEP2) to at least one charge and / or discharge control unit (22) of the energy storage device (20) in order to control the charge and / or discharge power. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 17.

19. The system, in particular the energy storage device control unit and / or grid state control unit and / or charge / discharge power control unit, includes in particular artificial and / or machine-based neural networks and / or networks based on artificial intelligence, the neural network being composed in particular of a feedforward network, preferably of a type in which the output of its neurons is directed only in the processing direction and / or is not fed back by recursive edges, and / or The system, in particular the energy storage device control unit and / or grid state control unit and / or charge / discharge power control unit, implements reinforcement learning or reinforcement machine learning (RL). The system according to any one of claims 1 to 18.

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