Carbon dioxide capture and utilization system

Abstract

To provide a carbon dioxide recovery and utilization method in which carbon dioxide recovered from the air is appropriately distributed between an application as fertilizer for agriculture and an application as fuel for power generation.SOLUTION: A carbon dioxide recovery and utilization method in which carbon dioxide recovered from the air is effectively distributed between an application as fertilizer for agriculture and an application as fuel for power generation comprises the steps of: acquiring information relating to a carbon dioxide demand for the fertilizer application and a carbon dioxide demand for the fuel application (step S1); calculating, on the basis of the acquired information, a ratio between an amount of the carbon dioxide used for the fertilizer and an amount of the carbon dioxide used for the fuel (step S1); and distributing, on the basis of the acquired information, the carbon dioxide into the fertilizer application and the fuel application (step S2).SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 3

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] This invention is a carbon dioxide capture and effective use technology that captures carbon dioxide (CO2) emitted into the atmosphere. Episode This concerns the land acquisition system. [Background technology]

[0002] Patent Document 1 describes an invention related to an information processing device for operating a power system including multiple generators. The information processing device described in Patent Document 1 controls, for example, a carbon dioxide capture and storage device called a CCS [Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage] device, and a power system having multiple generators including a generator equipped with a CCS device. The information processing device described in Patent Document 1 calculates an operation schedule for each generator so as to suppress fuel costs and carbon dioxide emissions, respectively, and to optimize the number of CCS devices in operation. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0003] [Patent Document 1] JP 2011-35952 A Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] As described above, in the information processing device described in Patent Document 1, the CCS device is optimally operated for the operation of multiple generators in the power system, and the CCS device operates without excess or deficiency. It is said that this can reduce fuel costs and carbon dioxide (greenhouse gas) emissions associated with the operation of generators in the power system. The CCS device captures and recovers carbon dioxide from the atmosphere or exhaust gas by using solid adsorption such as activated carbon or zeolite (physical adsorption method). Alternatively, the carbon dioxide is absorbed in an absorbing liquid such as amine, and the carbon dioxide is captured and recovered from the atmosphere or exhaust gas (chemical absorption method). The CCS device then pressurizes and stores the captured carbon dioxide, for example, underground or on the seabed. Alternatively, the carbon dioxide is stored in a specified storage facility such as a storage tank.

[0005] Methods and systems for effectively utilizing carbon dioxide captured and stored by a CCS device or the like as described in Patent Document 1 are being considered. In this case, carbon dioxide is expected to be used in two major ways: in the agricultural field, and as a fuel that is burned to generate thermal energy. In the agricultural field, carbon dioxide is used, for example, as fertilizer to promote the growth of agricultural crops. Fertilizing agricultural crops with carbon dioxide increases the carbon dioxide concentration in the growing environment of the agricultural crops, which promotes the photosynthesis of the agricultural crops. As a result, the growth of the agricultural crops is promoted and the yield can be increased. In such a use of carbon dioxide as fertilizer, carbon dioxide is synthesized into organic compounds by the photosynthesis of plants and fixed in the cells of the plants. The amount of carbon dioxide that is fixed can suppress the emission of carbon dioxide. On the other hand, in the use of carbon dioxide as fuel, for example, fuel (carbon dioxide-derived fuel) is generated from carbon dioxide absorbed by algae. Carbon dioxide is absorbed or captured from the atmosphere by algae performing photosynthesis, and hydrocarbon compounds are synthesized in the cells of the algae. By squeezing out the oil from the synthesized hydrocarbon compounds from the algae, a fuel containing hydrocarbon compounds as a chemical component, i.e., a so-called carbon dioxide-derived fuel, is produced. The produced carbon dioxide-derived fuel is then supplied to power generation facilities such as thermal power plants as a fuel for power generation, for example. The carbon dioxide produced by burning the carbon dioxide-derived fuel is originally collected from the atmosphere or exhaust gas. In addition, the carbon dioxide emitted during this process can be collected and reused. Therefore, carbon dioxide can be circulated in a given region or environment, and new carbon dioxide emissions can be suppressed.

[0006] As described above, carbon dioxide emissions can be reduced by capturing carbon dioxide that was previously emitted into the atmosphere and using it as agricultural fertilizer or fuel for power generation, which can contribute to curbing global warming. However, the demand (demand amount, demand period) for agricultural fertilizer and fuel for power generation is not constant. For example, they change from moment to moment depending on the season, time, time of day, etc. Therefore, if the captured carbon dioxide is supplied uniformly (without considering the allocation or distribution to the destination of use for each purpose) for use as agricultural fertilizer and fuel for power generation, there is a risk that the carbon dioxide cannot be used appropriately for each purpose.

[0007] This invention has been devised in light of the technical challenges described above, and aims to provide a method and system for recovering and utilizing carbon dioxide, which can appropriately allocate and utilize carbon dioxide recovered from the air or exhaust gas for use as agricultural fertilizer or as fuel for power generation. [Means for solving the problem]

[0012] In order to achieve the above objectives, This invention relates to a carbon dioxide capture device that captures and captures carbon dioxide in the air, and a carbon dioxide storage facility that stores the carbon dioxide captured by the carbon dioxide capture device. The carbon dioxide stored in the carbon dioxide storage facility is used as a fertilizer to promote plant growth, and is burned to generate thermal energy. Carbon dioxide-derived fuel A carbon dioxide capture and utilization system that effectively utilizes carbon dioxide for fuel and for use as a fuel source. It is The carbon dioxide gas storage facility includes a control unit for controlling a supply state of the carbon dioxide gas supplied from the carbon dioxide storage facility, and the control unit controls a demand for the carbon dioxide gas in the fertilizer application. Required amount, and a demand for said carbon dioxide for said fuel application. Amount Obtained and before obtained The above demandBased on the above, a ratio (or a proportion) of an amount of the carbon dioxide to be used for the fertilizer application and an amount of the carbon dioxide to be used for the fuel application is determined, and based on the determined ratio, For fertilizer On the way and ahead For fuel The carbon dioxide is supplied to at least one of the following processes:

[0013] In addition, the control unit in the present invention includes For fertilizer On the way The demand for carbon dioxide in The above carbon dioxide-utilizing agricultural crop cultivation and configuring the ratio for the predetermined cultivated area to be smaller than the ratio for a cultivated area larger than the predetermined cultivated area. This is also fine.

[0014] In addition, the control unit in the present invention includes For fuel On the way The demand for carbon dioxide in Demand for electricity generated using carbon dioxide and making the ratio in the case of a predetermined demand amount smaller than the ratio in the case of a demand amount larger than the predetermined demand amount. The device may be configured to: Effect of the Invention

[0016] This Ming The carbon dioxide capture and utilization system effectively utilizes the carbon dioxide captured by the carbon dioxide capture device by dividing it between fertilizer and fuel use. The carbon dioxide capture device captures carbon dioxide in the air (or exhaust gas) by collecting or separating it. The captured carbon dioxide is temporarily stored in a carbon dioxide storage facility and then divided between fertilizer and fuel use. When used as fertilizer, carbon dioxide is used as an agricultural fertilizer to promote the growth of plants, particularly agricultural crops. When used as fuel, carbon dioxide is burned to generate thermal energy. Carbon dioxide-derived fuel For example, it is used as fuel for generating electricity to be supplied to thermal power plants. By effectively utilizing the carbon dioxide captured in this way, it is possible to reduce or suppress carbon dioxide emissions. However, the demand for agricultural fertilizer as described above is Required amount, And the demand for fuel for power generation The required amount is , which vary depending on the season, time, time of day, etc. EpisodeIn the capture and utilization system, the ratio between the amount of carbon dioxide used for fertilizer and the amount of carbon dioxide used for fuel is calculated, taking into consideration the demand for carbon dioxide for fertilizer and fuel uses (e.g., the amount of demand or the peak demand period, etc.). Then, based on that ratio, carbon dioxide is supplied to the destination for fertilizer use and the destination for fuel use. For example, for fertilizer use, it is supplied to agricultural crops that are the subject of fertilization. Also, for fuel use, it is supplied to resource recovery facilities or fuel generation devices that generate carbon dioxide-derived fuel. The generated carbon dioxide-derived fuel is then supplied to power generation facilities such as thermal power plants. In this way, the captured carbon dioxide is effectively used for fertilizer and fuel use.

[0017] As described above, the carbon dioxide of the present invention Episode In the carbon capture system, the captured carbon dioxide is allocated between fertilizer and fuel use based on information related to the demand for carbon dioxide. , the demand for fertilizer use to determine the ratio is employed. In other words, the demand for carbon dioxide as fertilizer depends on the type of crop to be fertilized and the area of ​​land to which it is planted. In the required amount Based on this, the ratio of allocation between fertilizer use and fuel use is determined. Then, carbon dioxide is supplied to each destination at the determined ratio. For example, in a period or season when the area of ​​cultivated crops to be fertilized increases and the demand for fertilizer increases, carbon dioxide is supplied at a ratio that increases the amount of carbon dioxide used for fertilizer.

[0018] In addition, the carbon dioxide of this invention Episode In the capture and utilization system, the demand for electricity generated using captured carbon dioxide as fuel is met. In the required amount based on , the demand for fuel usage to determine the ratio is employed. The ratio of allocation between fertilizer use and fuel use as described above is determined. Then, carbon dioxide is supplied to each destination at the determined ratio. For example, during periods or times when general electricity demand increases, carbon dioxide is supplied at a ratio that increases the amount of carbon dioxide used for fuel.

[0019] In addition, the carbon dioxide of this invention Episode In the capture system, the captured carbon dioxide is used for fertilizer and fuel as mentioned above. Noi Misalignment For some purpose The ratio of allocation between fertilizer use and fuel use is determined based on the time or season, or the time or time of day, etc., when carbon dioxide is used. Then, carbon dioxide is supplied to each destination at the determined ratio. For example, during times when the fertilization effect of carbon dioxide is high, or during times when demand for carbon dioxide as fertilizer increases, carbon dioxide is supplied at a ratio that increases the amount of carbon dioxide used for fertilizer. Also, for example, on midsummer days, extremely hot days, or midwinter days (or days when such forecasts are made) when demand for electricity for heating and cooling increases, carbon dioxide is supplied at a ratio that increases the amount of carbon dioxide used for fuel.

[0020] Therefore, the carbon dioxide of this invention Episode According to the carbon capture and utilization system, the carbon dioxide captured from the air or exhaust gas can be appropriately allocated and utilized for use as fertilizer for agriculture and as fuel for power generation. Therefore, the captured carbon dioxide can be utilized effectively, and the emission of carbon dioxide, which is a so-called greenhouse gas, can be reduced or suppressed. This can contribute to the suppression of global warming. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0021] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining an image of a smart city to which the carbon dioxide capture and utilization system of the present invention is applied, and how carbon dioxide circulates within the smart city. [Diagram 2]This is a diagram for explaining the configuration of the carbon dioxide capture and utilization system of this invention, and is a schematic block diagram showing the distribution system for air (building exhaust) emitted from multiple buildings installed in a specified area (smart city) and carbon dioxide (CO2) captured from the building exhaust, as well as a control system for adjusting the inflow amount of building exhaust sent to the carbon dioxide capture device (CO2 capture device). [Diagram 3] This is a diagram for explaining an example of control executed by the carbon dioxide recovery and utilization system of the present invention, and is a flowchart showing the content of the control in which carbon dioxide recovered from the air is allocated and utilized for fertilizer use and fuel use based on information related to the demand for carbon dioxide for fertilizer use and the demand for carbon dioxide for fuel use. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0022] DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Note that the following embodiment is merely an example of a specific embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention.

[0023] Carbon dioxide in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention EpisodeThe carbon capture and utilization system captures carbon dioxide emitted within a specific area or region, such as a so-called smart city, and effectively uses the captured carbon dioxide by dividing it into two categories: fertilizer for agriculture (fertilizer use) and fuel for power generation (fuel use). A smart city is a city or region defined as, for example, "a sustainable city or district where management (planning, facilities, management, operation) is carried out while utilizing new technologies such as ICT [Information and Communication Technology] to address various problems facing the city, and overall optimization is achieved" (Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism). In recent years, such smart cities have been developed for demonstration experiments and practical use. By capturing carbon dioxide emitted daily in a smart city and effectively using the captured carbon dioxide for fertilizer and fuel purposes as mentioned above, carbon dioxide can be circulated within the smart city, and carbon dioxide emissions can be substantially reduced or suppressed.

[0024] FIG. 1 shows a carbon dioxide emission meter according to an embodiment of the present invention for the smart city described above. Episode The figure shows a schematic image of carbon dioxide circulation in a smart city by applying a carbon capture and utilization system. In the example of the smart city shown in Fig. 1, resources are consumed as an energy source at a specified power generation facility, which in turn emits carbon dioxide (CO2). The power generation facility in this case is mainly a thermal power plant, which converts thermal energy generated by burning fuel into electrical energy. In particular, the thermal power plant in this smart city burns carbon dioxide-derived fuels and biomass fuels to generate electricity. The electricity generated by the power generation facility is supplied to each building constructed in the smart city, such as homes, shops, restaurants, factories, hospitals, and warehouses. For example, it is also supplied to a carbon dioxide resource recovery facility, which will be described later.

[0025] The carbon dioxide emitted from the power generation facilities mentioned above and from each building in the smart city is captured by a carbon dioxide capture device, which is a carbon dioxide capture device such as the CCS device mentioned above, and captures and recovers carbon dioxide from the air or exhaust gas.

[0026] The carbon dioxide captured by the carbon dioxide capture device is sent to a carbon dioxide resource recovery facility and recycled. Specifically, the carbon dioxide resource recovery facility produces so-called carbon dioxide-derived fuel from the captured carbon dioxide. The produced carbon dioxide-derived fuel is supplied to a power generation facility (thermal power plant) as fuel for power generation. In other words, the carbon dioxide captured in the smart city becomes carbon dioxide-derived fuel and is effectively used for fuel purposes.

[0027] As described above, in this smart city, electricity generated by a power generation facility is supplied to operate the carbon dioxide resource recovery facility. At the same time, electricity generated using natural or renewable energy sources such as solar power generation and wind power generation is also supplied. Such electricity generated using renewable energy is also supplied to each building in the smart city and agricultural production sites.

[0028] The carbon dioxide captured by the carbon dioxide capture device will also be used in the agricultural field. Specifically, the captured carbon dioxide will be supplied to farmland as fertilizer to promote the growth of agricultural crops. In other words, the carbon dioxide captured in smart cities will be effectively used for fertilizer purposes.

[0029] Thus, in the example of the smart city shown in Fig. 1, the carbon dioxide captured by the carbon dioxide capture device is effectively used by being allocated mainly to two uses, fertilizer and fuel. In other words, the carbon dioxide emitted in the smart city is consumed in the smart city for fertilizer and fuel. Therefore, carbon dioxide circulates in the smart city, and carbon dioxide emissions are substantially reduced or suppressed.

[0030] FIG. 2 shows an example of a CO2 capture and utilization system 1 that executes the carbon dioxide capture and utilization method according to an embodiment of the present invention, a distribution system for carbon dioxide (CO2) captured from the air or exhaust gas, and a distribution system for carbon dioxide-derived fuel (CO2-derived fuel) that is recycled from the carbon dioxide. As shown in FIG. 2, the CO2 capture and utilization system 1 sends air or exhaust gas (building exhaust gas) discharged from a plurality of buildings 2 through a flow path 3 to a carbon dioxide capture device (CO2 capture device) 4. Then, the carbon dioxide capture device 4 separates or captures and captures the carbon dioxide (CO2) in the building exhaust gas. The captured carbon dioxide is sent to a predetermined carbon dioxide storage facility (CO2 tank) 5 and stored therein. Note that FIG. 2 shows an image of the CO2 capture and utilization system 1 capturing carbon dioxide emitted from a plurality (a large number) of buildings 2 (including a power generation facility 8 described later) built in a so-called smart city in a concentrated manner using the carbon dioxide capture device 4. The carbon dioxide captured by the carbon dioxide capture device 4 and stored in the carbon dioxide storage facility 5 is used for two main purposes. In one case of fertilizer use, the captured carbon dioxide is supplied to farmland 6 as agricultural fertilizer. In the other case of fuel use, the captured carbon dioxide is recycled into a resource in carbon dioxide resource recovery equipment 7 and supplied to power generation equipment 8 as fuel (carbon dioxide-derived fuel). The CO2 capture and utilization system 1 in the embodiment of the present invention is equipped with a control unit 9 that controls the supply state (supply amount, usage amount, distribution ratio, etc.) of the carbon dioxide stored in the carbon dioxide storage equipment 5 as described above (i.e., the captured carbon dioxide).

[0031] Specifically, the building 2 is a house or building built in a specific area or district, such as a house, a store, a restaurant, a factory, a hospital, or a warehouse. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, a plurality (a large number) of buildings 2 built in a smart city as described above are assumed. For example, even in a relatively small or medium-sized building 2 such as an ordinary home or a store or office, carbon dioxide is emitted by the breathing of people living in or staying in the building 2. Carbon dioxide is also emitted from heating equipment, cooking utensils, and the like used in the building 2. The CO2 capture and utilization system 1 in the embodiment of the present invention captures carbon dioxide from a relatively small or medium-sized building 2 as described above. Note that the CO2 capture and utilization system 1 in the embodiment of the present invention may capture carbon dioxide from a large-scale facility or plant that emits a large amount of carbon dioxide, such as a power generation facility 8 described later. FIG. 2 shows an image of capturing carbon dioxide from a power generation facility 8 installed in or near a smart city.

[0032] The flow path 3 distributes the building exhaust gas discharged from the building 2 to the carbon dioxide capture device 4. The flow path 3 forms a pipeline (not shown) connecting the building 2 and the carbon dioxide capture device 4 described later. For example, the flow path 3 is configured by an air pipe that communicates between an exhaust port (not shown) of the building 2 and an inlet (not shown) of the carbon dioxide capture device 4. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the flow path 3 distributes the building exhaust gas, that is, air containing gaseous carbon dioxide. In addition to the above-mentioned flow path 3, the building exhaust gas sent from the building 2 to the carbon dioxide capture device 4 may be transported by, for example, a transport vehicle or transport equipment (not shown) that is automatically driven between the building 2 and the carbon dioxide capture device 4, or a general transport vehicle (not shown). Such a transport vehicle or transport equipment may be used in combination with the above-mentioned flow path 3.

[0033] The carbon dioxide capture device 4 captures and captures carbon dioxide in the air or exhaust air. As described above, the carbon dioxide capture device 4 in this embodiment of the invention captures and captures carbon dioxide in the building exhaust air sent from the building 2 through the flow path 3. The carbon dioxide capture device 4 is connected to a control unit 9, which will be described later, so as to be capable of data communication via, for example, a public communication line or a dedicated communication line (not shown).

[0034] The carbon dioxide recovery in the carbon dioxide recovery device 4 can be performed by applying various well-known methods and techniques, such as the "physical adsorption method," "physical absorption method," "chemical absorption method," and "cryogenic separation method" as described in JP 2021-8852 A. In the "physical adsorption method," for example, a solid adsorbent such as activated carbon or zeolite is brought into contact with the exhaust gas to adsorb carbon dioxide onto the solid adsorbent, and the carbon dioxide is desorbed from the solid adsorbent by heating or reducing the pressure of the solid adsorbent to which the carbon dioxide is adsorbed. In the "physical absorption method," for example, an absorption liquid capable of dissolving carbon dioxide, such as methanol or ethanol, is brought into contact with the exhaust gas to physically absorb carbon dioxide into the absorption liquid under high pressure and low temperature, and the carbon dioxide is recovered from the absorption liquid by heating or reducing the pressure of the absorption liquid that has absorbed the carbon dioxide. In the "chemical absorption method," for example, an amine or other absorbing liquid capable of selectively dissolving carbon dioxide is brought into contact with the exhaust gas, and the carbon dioxide is absorbed into the absorbing liquid through a chemical reaction that occurs at that time, and the absorbing liquid that has absorbed the carbon dioxide is heated to dissociate and recover the carbon dioxide from the absorbing liquid. In the "cryogenic separation method," the exhaust gas is compressed and cooled to liquefy the carbon dioxide, and the liquefied carbon dioxide is selectively distilled to recover the carbon dioxide.

[0035] As described above, the carbon dioxide storage facility 5 stores the carbon dioxide captured by the carbon dioxide capture device 4. This carbon dioxide storage facility 5 and the carbon dioxide capture device 4 are connected by a flow path 10. For example, the flow path 10 is configured by a pipe that communicates an outlet (not shown) of the carbon dioxide capture device 4 with an inlet (not shown) of the carbon dioxide storage facility 5. The flow path 10 distributes the liquid phase carbon dioxide after separation and recovery by the carbon dioxide capture device 4. Note that the flow path 10 may distribute the gas phase carbon dioxide depending on the carbon dioxide capture method in the carbon dioxide capture device 4. The carbon dioxide storage facility 5 is connected to a control unit 9 described later so as to be capable of data communication via, for example, a public communication line or a dedicated communication line (not shown). For example, data on the amount of carbon dioxide stored or the remaining amount of storage of the facility is transmitted from the carbon dioxide storage facility 5 to the control unit 9. When there is no room for the remaining amount of storage, the control unit 9 suppresses the inflow amount of building exhaust gas that flows from the building 2 into the carbon dioxide capture device 4.

[0036] The carbon dioxide stored in the carbon dioxide storage facility 5, that is, the recovered carbon dioxide, is supplied to the farmland 6, which will be described later, as a fertilizer for growing agricultural crops. When used as fuel, the carbon dioxide is converted into a resource by a carbon dioxide resource recovery device 7, which will be described later, and is supplied to a power generation facility 8, which will be described later, as a fuel (fuel derived from carbon dioxide). The carbon dioxide storage facility 5 and the farmland 6 are configured to be able to control the amount of carbon dioxide supplied from the carbon dioxide storage facility 5 to the farmland 6. For example, a flow rate adjustment mechanism 11 that adjusts the amount of carbon dioxide flowing from the carbon dioxide storage facility 5 to the farmland 6 is provided in a pipeline (not shown) connecting the carbon dioxide storage facility 5 and the farmland 6. Similarly, the carbon dioxide storage facility 5 and the carbon dioxide resource recovery device 7 are configured to be able to control the amount of carbon dioxide supplied from the carbon dioxide storage facility 5 to the carbon dioxide resource recovery device 7. For example, a flow rate adjustment mechanism 12 that adjusts the amount of carbon dioxide flowing from the carbon dioxide storage facility 5 to the carbon dioxide resource recovery device 7 is provided in a pipeline (not shown) connecting the carbon dioxide storage facility 5 and the carbon dioxide resource recovery device 7.

[0037] The flow rate adjustment mechanism 11 and the flow rate adjustment mechanism 12 are each configured, for example, by a "valve mechanism" provided between the carbon dioxide storage facility 5 and the farmland 6, and between the carbon dioxide storage facility 5 and the carbon dioxide resource conversion device 7. In this case, the flow rate adjustment mechanisms 11 and 12 can each be, as the "valve mechanism", a flow rate control valve that changes the flow rate depending on the opening degree of the valve, or an on-off valve that opens or closes the carbon dioxide storage facility 5 and the farmland 6, and between the carbon dioxide storage facility 5 and the carbon dioxide resource conversion device 7, depending on the position of the valve body. The flow rate adjustment mechanisms 11 and 12 can also be configured by a "blower" provided between the carbon dioxide storage facility 5 and the farmland 6, and between the carbon dioxide storage facility 5 and the carbon dioxide resource conversion device 7. The "blower" changes the amount of air blown, i.e., the inflow amount of carbon dioxide circulating between the carbon dioxide storage facility 5 and the farmland 6, and between the carbon dioxide storage facility 5 and the carbon dioxide resource conversion device 7, depending on the output. The flow rate adjustment mechanisms 11 and 12 are each connected to a control unit 9 (described later) so as to be capable of data communication via, for example, a public communication line or a dedicated communication line.

[0038] Note that the carbon dioxide sent from the carbon dioxide storage facility 5 to the farmland 6 and the carbon dioxide sent from the carbon dioxide storage facility 5 to the carbon dioxide resource device 7 may be transported by, for example, an automatically operated transport vehicle or transport equipment (not shown) between the carbon dioxide storage facility 5 and the farmland 6, and between the carbon dioxide storage facility 5 and the carbon dioxide resource device 7, or a general transport vehicle (not shown), in addition to the above-mentioned pipeline. Such a transport vehicle or transport equipment may be used in combination with the above-mentioned pipeline.

[0039] The farmland 6 is land used for agriculture to grow agricultural crops. The CO2 capture and utilization system 1 in the embodiment of the present invention targets farmland 6 that supplies gaseous carbon dioxide (carbon dioxide gas) as fertilizer. Therefore, the farmland 6 in the embodiment of the present invention is particularly assumed to be agricultural land in an agricultural greenhouse (for greenhouse cultivation) where the effect of fertilization with carbon dioxide gas can be enhanced. Note that in addition to farmland 6 for greenhouse cultivation, it may also be, for example, farmland 6 for open-field cultivation provided with a device or mechanism (not shown) for fertilizing with carbon dioxide gas.

[0040] The carbon dioxide resource recovery device 7 recovers the carbon dioxide captured by the carbon dioxide capture device 4 and generates so-called carbon dioxide-derived fuel. The recovery of carbon dioxide in the carbon dioxide resource recovery device 7, that is, the generation of carbon dioxide-derived fuel, can be performed, for example, by utilizing the photosynthesis of algae as described above. In addition, the carbon dioxide-derived fuel can be generated by applying various methods and technologies, such as liquid synthetic fuel obtained by synthesizing carbon dioxide and hydrogen. The carbon dioxide-derived fuel generated in the carbon dioxide resource recovery device 7 is supplied to a power generation facility 8 described later as a fuel for power generation. A fuel tank (not shown) may be installed between the carbon dioxide resource recovery device 7 and the power generation facility 8, and the carbon dioxide-derived fuel generated in the carbon dioxide resource recovery device 7 may be temporarily stored in the fuel tank. The carbon dioxide resource recovery device 7 is connected to a control unit 9 described later so as to be capable of data communication, for example, via a public communication line or a dedicated communication line (not shown).

[0041] The power generation facility (power plant) 8 is typically a thermal power plant, which converts thermal energy generated by burning various fuels including carbon dioxide-derived fuels into electrical energy. The power generation facility 8 is connected to a control unit 9, which will be described later, so as to be capable of data communication via, for example, a public communication line or a dedicated communication line (not shown). Note that the power generation facility 8 in the embodiment of the present invention may be a generator or power generation device (not shown) that converts thermal energy generated by burning fuel into electrical energy, such as a generator driven by an engine. In addition to the thermal power plants described above, the present invention may also be applied to power plants equipped with generators or power generation devices for obtaining electrical power to be used within the power plant, such as hydroelectric power plants and nuclear power plants.

[0042] The control unit 9 is an electronic control device mainly composed of, for example, a server computer or a microcomputer, and constitutes a main part of the control system in the CO2 capture and utilization system 1. The control unit 9 controls the operation of the flow rate adjustment mechanisms 11 and 12, respectively, to adjust the inflow amount of carbon dioxide supplied from the carbon dioxide storage facility 5 to the farmland 6 and the inflow amount of carbon dioxide supplied from the carbon dioxide storage facility 5 to the carbon dioxide resource utilization device 7. The control unit 9 also controls the operation and operating state of the carbon dioxide capture device 4, the carbon dioxide storage facility 5, the carbon dioxide resource utilization device 7, the power generation facility 8, etc. The control unit 9 is connected to an external server (not shown) or a website on the Internet, for example, via a public communication line or a dedicated communication line. Various data are input to the control unit 9 from a predetermined detection device (not shown), etc.

[0043] The control unit 9 also performs calculations using various input data and pre-stored data, calculation formulas, and the like. The control unit 9 then outputs the calculation results as control command signals, and is configured to control the operation of the above-mentioned flow rate adjustment mechanisms 11 and 12. For example, the control unit 9 controls the opening degree and open / close state of the valves in the "valve mechanisms" as the flow rate adjustment mechanisms 11 and 12. Alternatively, the control unit 9 controls the output of the "blower" as the flow rate adjustment mechanisms 11 and 12. In this way, the control unit 9 adjusts the inflow amount of carbon dioxide supplied from the carbon dioxide storage facility 5 to the farmland 6, and the inflow amount of carbon dioxide supplied from the carbon dioxide storage facility 5 to the carbon dioxide resource recovery device 7.

[0044] More specifically, the control unit 9 has, for example, a control information acquisition unit 21, a CO2 storage amount grasping unit 22, a CO2 supply ratio determination unit 23, a CO2 fertilizer supply control unit 24, and a CO2 fuel supply control unit 25.

[0045] The control information acquisition unit 21 acquires various data to be applied to control. Specifically, the control information acquisition unit 21 acquires information related to the demand for carbon dioxide used as fertilizer (e.g., the demand amount and the demand time) and the demand for carbon dioxide used as fuel (e.g., the demand amount and the demand time). For example, the control information acquisition unit 21 acquires information related to the planted area of ​​agricultural crops using carbon dioxide as fertilizer and the demand for carbon dioxide to fertilize the agricultural crops (maximum demand amount and peak demand time, etc.), as well as information related to the demand for electricity generated using carbon dioxide for fuel (maximum demand amount and peak demand time, etc.).

[0046] The CO2 storage amount grasping unit 22 acquires data for grasping the amount of carbon dioxide stored in the carbon dioxide storage facility 5. For example, data on the remaining amount of carbon dioxide stored in the carbon dioxide storage facility 5 is acquired at any time or in real time, and the CO2 storage amount grasping unit 22 calculates the amount of carbon dioxide that can be supplied for fertilizer use and for fuel use.

[0047] The CO2 supply ratio determination unit 23 calculates the ratio (allocation ratio) between the amount of carbon dioxide supplied to the farmland 6 for fertilizer use and the amount of carbon dioxide supplied to the carbon dioxide resource device 7 for fuel use, based on the various data acquired by the control information acquisition unit 21 and the amount of carbon dioxide acquired by the CO2 storage amount grasping unit 22. Specifically, it calculates the inflow amount of carbon dioxide to be caused to flow from the carbon dioxide storage facility 5 to the farmland 6, and the inflow amount of carbon dioxide to be caused to flow from the carbon dioxide storage facility 5 to the carbon dioxide resource device 7. In other words, it calculates the ratio or proportion between the inflow amount of carbon dioxide to be supplied to the farmland 6 for fertilizer use and the inflow amount of carbon dioxide to be supplied to the carbon dioxide resource device 7 for fuel use.

[0048] The CO2 fertilizer supply control unit 24 controls the flow rate adjustment mechanism 11 based on the carbon dioxide allocation ratio determined by the CO2 supply ratio determination unit 23. That is, the operation of the flow rate adjustment mechanism 11 is controlled so as to realize the inflow amount of carbon dioxide to be supplied to the farmland 6 for fertilizer use calculated by the CO2 supply ratio determination unit 23. For example, the CO2 fertilizer supply control unit 24 controls the opening degree and open / close state of the valve in the "valve mechanism" as the flow rate adjustment mechanism 11. Alternatively, the CO2 fertilizer supply control unit 24 controls the output of the "blower" as the flow rate adjustment mechanism 11.

[0049] The CO2 fuel supply control unit 25 controls the flow rate adjustment mechanism 12 based on the carbon dioxide allocation ratio determined by the CO2 supply ratio determination unit 23. That is, it controls the operation of the flow rate adjustment mechanism 12 so as to realize the inflow amount of carbon dioxide to be supplied to the carbon dioxide resource recovery device 7 for fuel use calculated by the CO2 supply ratio determination unit 23. For example, the CO2 fuel supply control unit 25 controls the opening degree and open / close state of the valve in the "valve mechanism" as the flow rate adjustment mechanism 12. Alternatively, the CO2 fuel supply control unit 25 controls the output of the "blower" as the flow rate adjustment mechanism 12.

[0050] 2 shows an image in which one control unit 9 is provided, the control unit 9 in the embodiment of the present invention may be provided with a plurality of control units 9, for example, for each control content or control target. Alternatively, the control unit 9 may be a combination of a computer (not shown) provided in each of the two flow rate adjustment mechanisms 11 and 12 as described above, and a main server (not shown) installed in a predetermined place or facility.

[0051] In the CO2 capture and utilization system 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention, a carbon dioxide capture apparatus 4 may be installed for each of a plurality of buildings 2. For example, the system may be configured such that carbon dioxide emitted from a plurality (a large number) of buildings 2 constructed in a smart city is captured by a plurality (a large number) of carbon dioxide capture apparatuses 4 individually for each of the plurality of buildings 2.

[0052] As described above, the carbon dioxide in the embodiment of the present invention Episode The main purpose of the carbon dioxide capture system is to capture carbon dioxide from the air or exhaust gas and use it for fuel purposes by dividing it into two fuel uses in an appropriate ratio. Episode The water resource recovery system is configured to execute the control shown in the flowchart of FIG.

[0053] In the flowchart shown in Fig. 3, first, in step S1, the amount of carbon dioxide to be allocated to resource recovery and the amount of carbon dioxide to be allocated to agriculture are determined from various information. Specifically, various information related to the demand for the captured carbon dioxide for fertilizer use (e.g., the demand amount or the peak demand period, etc.) and the demand for the captured carbon dioxide for fuel use (e.g., the demand amount or the peak demand period, etc.) is acquired. After that, based on the various information related to the demand for carbon dioxide acquired as described above, the ratio between the amount of the captured carbon dioxide used for fertilizer use and the amount of the captured carbon dioxide used for fuel use is calculated.

[0054] For example, as information related to the demand for the recovered carbon dioxide, information on the area of ​​the crops to be fertilized with carbon dioxide is acquired. Alternatively, information on the demand for electricity generated using carbon dioxide as fuel is acquired. Alternatively, information on the time or season, or the time or time period, when the recovered carbon dioxide is used for at least one of fertilizer and fuel is acquired. For example, in a time or season when the area of ​​the crops to be fertilized increases and the demand for fertilizer increases, the ratio of the amount of carbon dioxide used for fertilizer is calculated. Alternatively, in a time or time period when the demand for general electricity increases, the ratio of the amount of carbon dioxide used for fuel is calculated. Alternatively, in a time period when the effect of carbon dioxide fertilization is high, or in a time or season when the demand for carbon dioxide as fertilizer increases, the ratio of the amount of carbon dioxide used for fertilizer is calculated. Alternatively, in a midsummer day, a scorching hot day, or a midwinter day when the demand for electricity for heating and cooling increases, or on a day when such a midsummer day, a scorching hot day, or a midwinter day is forecast, the ratio of the amount of carbon dioxide used for fuel is calculated.

[0055] As described above, the ratio of the captured carbon dioxide to be used as fertilizer and fuel is calculated based on various information related to the demand for carbon dioxide. In this case, the ratio of the allocation may be calculated from a calculation formula or a control map that is preset for each condition based on past experience or learning values. Alternatively, the ratio may be calculated based on various data predicted using AI [Artificial Intelligence] technology or big data.

[0056] In step S1, various information related to the demand for the captured carbon dioxide for fertilizer use and the demand for it for fuel use is obtained, and then, based on the various information obtained, the allocation ratio of the captured carbon dioxide between fertilizer use and fuel use is calculated, and then the process proceeds to step S2.

[0057] In step S2, the actual supply amount is controlled based on the allocation ratio (determined amount) of the recovered carbon dioxide between fertilizer use and fuel use. Specifically, based on the allocation ratio of the carbon dioxide between fertilizer use and fuel use determined in the above step S1, the flow rate adjustment mechanism 11 between the carbon dioxide storage facility 5 and farmland 6 and the flow rate adjustment mechanism 12 between the carbon dioxide storage facility 5 and the carbon dioxide resource recovery device 7 are each controlled. That is, the inflow amount of carbon dioxide supplied to the farmland 6 for fertilizer use and the inflow amount of carbon dioxide sent to the carbon dioxide resource recovery device 7 for fuel use are each controlled. Therefore, based on the allocation ratio of the recovered carbon dioxide between fertilizer use and fuel use, the recovered carbon dioxide is supplied to the destinations for use for fertilizer use and fuel use, that is, the farmland 6 and the carbon dioxide resource recovery device 7. The carbon dioxide supplied to the carbon dioxide resource recovery device 7 is resourced as carbon dioxide-derived fuel in the carbon dioxide resource recovery device 7 and supplied to the power generation facility 8. That is, for fuel use, the recovered carbon dioxide is indirectly supplied to the power generation facility 8.

[0058] In step S2, the recovered carbon dioxide is supplied to the fertilizer and fuel uses based on the allocation ratio between the fertilizer and fuel uses, and then the routine shown in the flowchart of FIG. 3 is temporarily terminated.

[0059] As described above, the carbon dioxide Episode In the capture and utilization system, the demand for carbon dioxide in the above-mentioned fertilizer and fuel uses is appropriately taken into consideration, and the allocation ratio of the captured carbon dioxide between fertilizer use and fuel use is calculated. Then, based on the calculated allocation ratio, the captured carbon dioxide is supplied to the destination for fertilizer use and the destination for fuel use, respectively. In the fertilizer use, the captured carbon dioxide is supplied to the agricultural crops to be fertilized. In addition, in the fuel use, the captured carbon dioxide is supplied to a carbon dioxide resource recovery device 7 that generates carbon dioxide-derived fuel, and the generated carbon dioxide-derived fuel is supplied to a power generation facility 8. In this way, the captured carbon dioxide is effectively used for both fertilizer use and fuel use.

[0060] Therefore, the carbon dioxide of this invention Episode According to the carbon capture and utilization system, the carbon dioxide captured from the air or exhaust gas can be appropriately allocated and utilized for use as fertilizer for agriculture and as fuel for power generation. Therefore, the captured carbon dioxide can be utilized effectively, and the emission of carbon dioxide, which is a so-called greenhouse gas, can be reduced or suppressed. This can contribute to the suppression of global warming. [Explanation of symbols]

[0061] 1. CO2 capture and utilization system 2. Building 3 Flow path (between building and carbon dioxide capture device) 4 Carbon dioxide capture equipment (CO2 capture equipment) 5 Carbon dioxide storage facility (CO2 tank) 6. Farmland 7. Carbon dioxide resource recovery equipment 8 Power generation facilities (power plants) 9. Control Unit 10 Flow path (between the carbon dioxide capture device and the carbon dioxide storage facility) 11 Flow control mechanism (between carbon dioxide storage facilities and agricultural land) 12 Flow control mechanism (between carbon dioxide storage equipment and carbon dioxide resource recovery equipment) 21 (Control unit) control information acquisition section 22 (Control unit) CO2 storage amount grasp section 23 (Control unit) CO2 supply ratio determination section 24 (of the control unit) CO2 fertilizer supply control section 25 (Control unit) CO2 fuel supply control section

Claims

1. A carbon dioxide recovery and utilization system comprising a carbon dioxide recovery device that captures and recovers carbon dioxide in the air, and a carbon dioxide storage facility that stores the carbon dioxide recovered by the carbon dioxide recovery device, and which effectively utilizes the carbon dioxide stored in the carbon dioxide storage facility by dividing it into two uses: a fertilizer use in which the carbon dioxide is used as a fertilizer to promote plant growth, and a fuel use in which the carbon dioxide is used as a carbon dioxide-derived fuel to generate thermal energy by burning the carbon dioxide, A control unit for controlling a supply state of the carbon dioxide supplied from the carbon dioxide storage facility is provided, The control unit includes: Obtaining the demand for the carbon dioxide for the fertilizer use and the demand for the carbon dioxide for the fuel use; determining a ratio between an amount of the carbon dioxide to be used for fertilizer and an amount of the carbon dioxide to be used for fuel based on the acquired demand amount; The carbon dioxide is supplied to at least one of the fertilizer use and the fuel use based on the determined ratio. A carbon dioxide recovery and utilization system.

2. The carbon dioxide recovery and utilization system according to claim 1, The control unit includes: acquiring a cultivated area of ​​a crop that utilizes the carbon dioxide as the demand for the carbon dioxide for the fertilizer application; The ratio in the case of the predetermined cultivated area is set to a value smaller than the ratio in the case of a cultivated area larger than the predetermined cultivated area. It is configured as follows: A carbon dioxide recovery and utilization system.

3. The carbon dioxide recovery and utilization system according to claim 1 or 2, The control unit includes: acquiring a demand for electricity generated using the carbon dioxide as the demand for the carbon dioxide for the fuel use; The ratio in the case of a predetermined demand amount is set to a value smaller than the ratio in the case of a demand amount greater than the predetermined demand amount. It is configured as follows: A carbon dioxide recovery and utilization system.

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