Ionic element and its manufacturing method, functional device and electronic device

Abstract

To provide an ionic element or the like capable of improving the convenience.SOLUTION: An ionic element according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes a polymer as a base material, and an electrolyte composed of multiple-bonding ions, and further includes an ion layer having a pair of end faces. In the ion layer, the ions are chemically fixed in a region near at least one of the pair of end faces.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present disclosure relates to an ionic element having an ionic layer and a manufacturing method thereof, as well as a functional device and an electronic device including such an ionic element. [Background technology]

[0002] 2. Description of the Related Art Devices having an ionic layer containing an electrolyte such as an ionic liquid (ionic elements) with various functions have been proposed (for example, Non-Patent Document 1). [Prior art documents] [Non-patent literature]

[0003] [Non-Patent Document 1] Q.Pai, AJHeeger et al., Science(1996) Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] Incidentally, in ionic elements and various devices and equipment (apparatus) using the same, there is generally a demand for improving user convenience.

[0005] It is desirable to provide an ionic element and a manufacturing method thereof, a functional device, and an electronic device that can improve convenience. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] The ionic element according to one embodiment of the present disclosure includes a polymer as a base material, an electrolyte composed of ions having multiple bonds, and an ionic layer having a pair of end faces. In the ionic layer, the ions are arranged in a chemically fixed state in a region near at least one of the pair of end faces. The area of ​​the end face itself at eacha fixed arrangement region in which the ions are chemically fixedly arranged, and a non-fixed arrangement region in which the ions are arranged in a dispersed state, each It is provided.

[0007] A first functional device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes a polymer as a base material, an electrolyte composed of ions having multiple bonds, an ion layer having a pair of end faces, and a controlled layer disposed on at least one of the pair of end faces. In the ion layer, the ions are disposed in a chemically fixed state in a region adjacent to the at least one end face. The area of ​​the end face itself at each a fixed arrangement region in which the ions are chemically fixedly arranged, and a non-fixed arrangement region in which the ions are arranged in a dispersed state, each It is provided. A second functional device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes a polymer as a base material and an electrolyte composed of ions having multiple bonds, and includes an ionic layer having a pair of end faces, a semiconductor layer as a controlled layer arranged on at least one of the pair of end faces, and a plurality of electrodes provided between the semiconductor layer and the ionic layer for applying a voltage to the ionic layer. In the ionic layer, only one of the cations and anions as the ions is arranged in a chemically fixed state in a region near the at least one of the end faces.

[0008] A first electronic device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes one or more functional devices. The functional device includes a polymer as a base material and an electrolyte composed of ions having multiple bonds, and includes an ion layer having a pair of end faces and a controlled layer disposed on at least one of the pair of end faces. In the ion layer, the ions are disposed in a chemically fixed state in a region adjacent to the at least one end face. In addition, the pair of end faces The area of ​​the end face itself at eacha fixed arrangement region in which the ions are chemically fixedly arranged, and a non-fixed arrangement region in which the ions are arranged in a dispersed state, each It is provided. A second electronic device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes one or more functional devices. The functional device includes a polymer as a base material and an electrolyte composed of ions having multiple bonds, and includes an ionic layer having a pair of end faces, a semiconductor layer as a controlled layer arranged on at least one of the pair of end faces, and a plurality of electrodes provided between the semiconductor layer and the ionic layer for applying a voltage to the ionic layer. In the ionic layer, only one of the cations and anions as the ions is arranged in a chemically fixed state in a region near the at least one of the end faces.

[0009] A method for manufacturing an ionic element according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes forming an ionic layer including a polymer as a base material and an electrolyte composed of ions having multiple bonds and having a pair of end faces, attaching electrodes to the pair of end faces, respectively, and applying a voltage between the pair of end faces via the electrodes to arrange the ions in a region near at least one of the pair of end faces in the ionic layer, polymerizing the ions and the polymer with each other to arrange the ions in a chemically fixed state in the region near the at least one end face, and removing the electrodes from the pair of end faces. At the same time, by controlling the region to which the voltage is applied within the pair of end faces, a fixed arrangement region in which the ions are chemically fixed and arranged is arbitrarily set within the pair of end faces. This is what was done. Effect of the Invention

[0010] An ionic element according to an embodiment of the present disclosure and a method for manufacturing the same; First and second Functional Devices 、 And , the first and second According to the electronic device, it is possible to improve convenience.

[0011] Note that the effects described herein are not necessarily limited to those described above, and may be any of the effects described in this disclosure. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0012] [Figure 1] 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a configuration example of an ionic element according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Diagram 2] 2 is a flow chart showing an example of a method for manufacturing the ionic element shown in FIG. 1 in the order of steps. [Diagram 3] 3A to 3C are schematic cross-sectional views showing a configuration example during a manufacturing process of the ionic element shown in FIG. 2. [Figure 4] 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a configuration example during a manufacturing process subsequent to FIG. 3. [Diagram 5] 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of the configuration of a functional device including the ionic element shown in FIG. 1. [Figure 6] 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view for explaining the action of the functional device shown in FIG. 5. [Figure 7] 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a configuration example of an ionic element according to Modification 1. FIG. [Figure 8] 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a configuration example of a functional device according to Modification 1. FIG. [Figure 9] 11 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a configuration example of a switching element as a functional device according to Modification 2. FIG. [Figure 10] 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view for explaining the operation of the switching element shown in FIG. [Figure 11] 10 is a schematic circuit diagram for explaining the operation of the switching element shown in FIG. 9. FIG. [Figure 12] 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of characteristics of the switching element illustrated in FIG. [Figure 13] FIG. 11 is a schematic plan view showing a configuration example of an ionic element according to Modification 3. [Figure 14] FIG. 13 is a diagram for explaining a configuration example of an ionic element according to Modification 4. [Figure 15]FIG. 11 is a block diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of an electronic device according to an application example. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0013] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. The description will be made in the following order. 1. Embodiment (Example in which both cations and anions are chemically fixed) 2. Variations Modification 1 (Example of a case where only one of the cations or anions is chemically fixed) Modification 2 (Application to a switching element made of a field effect diode) Modification 3 (Example of an ionic element having a fixed arrangement region and a non-fixed arrangement region) Modification 4 (an example of an ionic element in which the charge amount of ions in the fixed arrangement region is variable) 3. Application Examples (Application of ionic elements to electronic devices) 4. Other Modifications

[0014] <1. Preferred embodiment> [Configuration of ionic element] 1 is a schematic diagram showing a cross-sectional configuration example (ZX cross-sectional configuration example) of an ionic element (ionic element 1) according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The ionic element 1 of this embodiment is an element that functions as a so-called electret, and includes an ionic layer 12, as will be described in detail later.

[0015] As shown in FIG. 1, the ionic layer 12 has a polymer 121 and an electrolyte (electrolyte molecules) 122. The ionic layer 12 is obtained by mixing the electrolyte 122 and the polymer 121 at a predetermined mixing ratio (for example, a mixing weight ratio or a mixing volume ratio). Here, the mixing ratio of the electrolyte 122 and the polymer 121 in the ionic layer 12 is preferably, for example, electrolyte 122:polymer 121=1:m (for example, m≧0.05). This is because this is the limit range in which the ionic layer 12 can be formed. The thickness of such an ionic layer 12 is, for example, about 0.1 to 3000 μm.

[0016] (Polymer 121) The polymer 121 functions as a base material (substrate) of the ionic layer 12. The polymer 121 is made of, for example, a polymeric material. Specifically, an example of the polymeric material is an acrylic material. In addition, an example of the other polymeric material is an organic material such as an acrylate polymer. Note that when an organic material is used as the polymer 121, the molecular weight becomes large, and therefore it becomes easier to form the ionic layer 12.

[0017] Here, it is preferable that the polymer 121 is made of a material exhibiting adhesiveness so that at least one of a pair of opposing end faces (front and back faces) of the ionic layer 12 has adhesiveness. Specifically, it is preferable that the polymer 121 is made of a material such as an acrylic material or an acrylate polymer. This is because, when at least one end face of the ionic layer 12 has adhesiveness, the electrodes 111, 112 and the like and the controlled layers 21, 22 and the like described below can be easily attached to the ionic layer 12 (they can be attached simply by sticking them on).

[0018] (Electrolyte 122) The electrolyte 122 has its molecules arranged in the polymer 121. As shown in FIG. 1, the electrolyte 122 is actually dispersed in the ion layer 12 mainly in an ionic state. That is, some of the molecules of the electrolyte 122 are ionized into cations 122c and anions 122a. This is because the polymer 121 functions as a dispersant for the electrolyte 122.

[0019] The electrolyte 122 is composed of ions (cations 122c and anions 122a) having multiple bonds (e.g., double bonds or triple bonds). For example, an ionic liquid is preferably used as the electrolyte 122. This is because, as described below, a chemically fixed arrangement of the ions (cations 122c and anions 122a) is easily formed in the ionic layer 12.

[0020] As such an ionic liquid, for example, an ionic liquid obtained by combining one or both of the following cations 122c and anions 122a to which a multiple bond group has been attached can be used.

[0021] (A) Cation 122c Imidazolium cations: 1-methyl-3-methylimidazolium(MMI), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium(EMI), 1-propyl-3-methylimidazolium(PMI), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium(BMI), 1-pentyl-3-methylimidazolium(PeMI), 1-hexyll-3-methylimidazolium(HMI), 1-Octyl-3-methylimidazolium, 1-oxyl-3-methylimidazolium(OMI), 1-hexadecyl-3-methylimidazolium, 1-Butyl-2,3-dimethulimidazolium, 1,2-dimethyl-3-propylimidazolium(DMPI); Pyridinium cations: 1-methl-1-propylpiprodonium(PP13), 1-methyl-1-propylpyrrolidinium(P13), 1-methyl-1-butylpyrrolidinium(P14), 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium (BMP); Ammonium cations: trimethylpropylammonium(TMPA), trimethyloctylammonium (TMOA), trimethylhexylammonium (TMHA), trimethylpentylammonium(TMPeA), trimethylbutylammonium (TMBA); Pyrazolium cations: 1-ethyl-2,3,5-trimethylpyrazolium(ETMP), 1-butyl-2,3,5-trimethylpyrazolium(BTMP), 1-propyl-2,3,5-trimethylpyrazolium(PTMP), 1-hexyl-2,3,5-trimethylpyrazolium(HTMP), 1-Butylpyridium, 1-Hexylpyridium; (B) Anion 122a bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide(TFSI), bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide(FSI), bis(perfluoroethylsulfonyl)imide(BETI), Tetrafluoroborate (BF4), hexafluorophosphate (PF6);

[0022] Here, as shown in FIG. 1, in the ion layer 12, ions (cations 122c or anions 122a) are arranged in a chemically fixed state in a region near at least one of the pair of end faces (front and back faces) described above. Specifically, in the example of FIG. 1, in the ion layer 12, cations 122c are chemically fixed in a region near one end face (back face), and anions 122a are chemically fixed in a region near the other end face (front face). As will be described in detail later, the ions (cations 122c or anions 122a) and the polymer 121 are polymerized with each other, so that these ions are chemically fixed (semi-permanently chemically fixed).

[0023] [Method of manufacturing ionic elements] Such an ionic element 1 can be manufactured, for example, as shown in Fig. 2. Fig. 2 is a flow chart showing an example of a method for manufacturing the ionic element 1 in the order of steps.

[0024] (A. Ion layer formation process) First, as shown in Fig. 3, for example, an ionic layer 10 is formed that includes a polymer 121 made of the above-mentioned material and an electrolyte 122 made of the above-mentioned material (e.g., an ionic liquid) and has a pair of end faces (front and back surfaces) facing each other (step S11 in Fig. 2). Note that, at the stage of this ionic layer 10, unlike the above-mentioned ionic layer 12, ions (cations 122c and anions 122a) are in a state of being dispersed and arranged within the polymer 121.

[0025] When forming such an ion layer 10, first, the polymer 121 and the electrolyte 122 made of the above-mentioned materials are mixed with an amphipathic substance (a substance having amphipathic molecules; a leveling agent) in a predetermined solvent (for example, a high boiling point solvent such as chlorobenzene or dichlorobenzene) to prepare a mixture. In addition, for example, a surfactant is given as an example of the amphipathic substance. In addition, for example, a fluorine-based surfactant is given as an example of the fluorine-based surfactant. In this case, the polymer 121 and the electrolyte 122 are mixed, for example, at the above-mentioned predetermined mixing ratio. In addition, the content of the amphipathic substance in this mixture is preferably about 1000 ppm or less, for example, and more preferably about 10 ppm. This is because excessive inclusion of the amphipathic substance in the mixture is prevented, and the function of the amphipathic substance described below is more effectively exhibited. Perfluoroalkylsulfonic acid (CF3(CF2) n SO3H) Perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) Perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (CF3(CF2) n COOH) Perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) Fluorotelomer alcohol (F(CF2) n CH2CH2OH)

[0026] Here, when the polymer 121, the electrolyte 122, and the amphiphilic substance are mixed in this manner, it is desirable to previously perform stirring using ultrasonic waves (for example, ultrasonic waves of about 50 kHz and 100 W) for these materials. This is because these materials (for example, the polymer 121 and the electrolyte 122) tend to be mixed uniformly. It is desirable to perform such stirring using ultrasonic waves for a predetermined period (stirring time) that is, for example, not less than the lower limit time and not more than the upper limit time. This is because it is possible to ensure the durability of the ionic element 1 while increasing the stirring efficiency. Here, the above-mentioned upper limit time and lower limit time are, for example, 3 minutes and 10 minutes, respectively. That is, for example, the stirring using ultrasonic waves is performed for a period of not less than 3 minutes and not more than 10 minutes. However, these upper limit values ​​and lower limit values ​​(appropriate stirring times) vary depending on the types of the polymer 121 and the electrolyte 122, the output value of the ultrasonic waves, and the like. Therefore, when stirring using ultrasonic waves, as described above, it is preferable to perform the stirring with high stirring efficiency and with an output and stirring time that do not damage the ionic element 1.

[0027] In this example, as described above, both mixing of amphipathic substances and stirring using ultrasonic waves are performed, but this is not limited to this, and for example, one of these may not be performed.

[0028] Next, the mixture is formed into a thin film, for example, by using spin coating or inkjet. In other words, the mixture obtained as described above is made into a thin film. In this case, when spin coating is used, spin coating is performed for about 1 minute at a rotation rate of about 500 rpm (revolutions per minute) in air. Note that the method for making the mixture into a thin film in this way is not limited to the above-mentioned spin coating and inkjet, and other printing techniques can also be used. Specifically, for example, printing techniques such as nanoimprinting, induction plasma etching, and dry etching, and printing techniques such as etching can be used. However, the method for making the mixture into a thin film in this way may not be used.

[0029] Next, the thin-film mixture thus obtained is dried to evaporate the solvent from the mixture, thereby forming the ion layer 10 shown in Fig. 3. The drying is performed, for example, in a nitrogen (N2) atmosphere.

[0030] (B. Electrode installation process) 3, the electrodes 111, 112 are attached to a pair of end faces (front and back faces) of the ionic layer 10 thus obtained (step S12). Specifically, the ionic layer 10 is sandwiched between a pair of electrodes 111, 112 separately formed by, for example, a vacuum deposition method or a coating method. As a method for attaching the electrodes 111, 112, when the polymer 121 is made of a material exhibiting adhesiveness as described above, a method of attaching the electrodes 111, 112 to the end faces of the ionic layer 10 is preferable. This is because the electrodes 111, 112 can be easily attached.

[0031] Here, these electrodes 111, 112 are electrodes for applying a voltage (a direct current voltage Vdc described later) to the ionic layer 10. The thickness of each of the electrodes 111, 112 is, for example, 30 nm. Each of the electrodes 111, 112 is made of, for example, various metals such as gold (Au), platinum (Pt), aluminum (Al), nickel (Ni), and titanium (Ti), as well as conductive materials such as conductive oxides such as indium tin oxide (ITO), conductive polymers, carbon nanotubes, and graphite. Note that, unlike general organic EL (Electro-Luminescence) elements, the ionic element 1 allows the selection of materials for the electrodes 111, 112 without considering the difference in work function between the electrodes 111, 112 and the ionic layer 10. For this reason, various conductive materials can be used for the electrodes 111, 112.

[0032] (C. Step of applying voltage via electrodes) 4, the electrode 112 is electrically connected to the positive (+) side of a DC voltage supply source PS(dc), and the electrode 111 is electrically connected to the negative (-) side of the DC voltage supply source PS(dc). Then, a predetermined voltage (DC voltage Vdc) is applied between a pair of end faces (front and back faces) of the ion layer 10 from the DC voltage supply source PS(dc) via the electrodes 111 and 112 (step S13).

[0033] Then, as shown in FIG. 4, for example, the cations 122c and the anions 122a selectively move from a state in which they are dispersed in the ion layer 10, and an electric double layer is formed in the ion layer 10. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 4, the cations 122c in the ion layer 10 are aligned with the surface of the electrode 111 (the surface on the ion layer 10 side) at a predetermined interval. Meanwhile, the anions 122a in the ion layer 10 are aligned with the surface of the electrode 112 at a predetermined interval. At this time, the electric double layer on the electrode 111 side and the electric double layer on the electrode 112 side are each formed using a minute distance (gap) of, for example, about 1 nm. In this way, by applying a DC voltage Vdc between a pair of end faces in the ion layer 10 via the electrodes 111 and 112, ions (the cations 122c and the anions 122a in this example) are arranged in the ion layer 10 in the vicinity of at least one end face (both end faces in this example). In FIG. 4, "h" represents a hole and "e" represents an electron, and the same applies to the subsequent figures.

[0034] (D. Polymerization process of ions and polymers) Next, in the ionic layer 10, the ions (in this example, the cations 122c and the anions 122a) and the polymer 121 are polymerized with each other (step S14). As a result, the ions (in this example, the cations 122c and the anions 122a) are arranged in a chemically fixed state in the vicinity of at least one end face (in this example, both end faces), as in the ionic layer 12 shown in FIG. 1. That is, based on the ionic layer 10 in which the ions are dispersed as described above, the ionic layer 12 in which the ions are chemically fixed in the vicinity of the end face is formed.

[0035] Here, the polymerization process of the ions and the polymer 121 is carried out, for example, as follows. That is, for example, a polymerization initiator is mixed into the ion layer 10, and the ions and the polymer 121 can be polymerized with each other by irradiating light or supplying heat. Specifically, the light irradiation can be, for example, irradiation with ultraviolet light, and the heat supply can be, for example, heating to about 100°C. In addition, the polymerization initiator can be, for example, an azo compound such as 2,2'-azobisbutyronitrile, a peroxide such as benzoyl peroxide, a benzenesulfonate ester, an alkylsulfonium salt, and the like. In this way, when the light irradiation, heat supply, or polymerization initiator is carried out, a part of the multiple bonds (the above-mentioned double bonds, triple bonds, etc.) between the ions is dissolved, and the ions and the polymer 121 are polymerized with each other (the above-mentioned state of the electric double layer is maintained).

[0036] (E. Electrode removal process) Thereafter, the electrodes 111, 112 are removed from a pair of end faces (front and back) of the ion layer 12 thus obtained (step S15). At this time, as described above, if the electrodes 111, 112 are attached to the ion layer 12 (attached using adhesive properties), these electrodes 111, 112 can be easily removed.

[0037] Through the above steps, the ionic device 1 shown in FIG. 1 is completed.

[0038] [Configuration of functional devices] Next, a configuration example of a functional device including the ionic element 1 described above will be described with reference to Fig. 5. Fig. 5(A) and Fig. 5(B) each show a schematic cross-sectional configuration example (ZX cross-sectional configuration example) of a functional device including the ionic element 1 (functional device 2).

[0039] In this functional device 2, a controlled layer is provided on at least one end face of the ionic layer 12 in the ionic element 1. Although details will be described later, the physical properties of this controlled layer are controlled by the chemical fixed arrangement phenomenon of the ions (in this example, cations 122c and anions 122a) in the ionic element 1 (in the ionic layer 12).

[0040] Specifically, in the functional device 2 shown in Fig. 5(A), a controlled layer 21 is disposed on one end face (back face) of the ionic layer 12 so as to face the chemically fixed arrangement of the cations 122c in the ionic layer 12. On the other hand, in the functional device 2 shown in Fig. 5(A), no controlled layer is disposed on the other end face (front face) of the ionic layer 12.

[0041] In the functional device 2 shown in Fig. 5(B), a controlled layer is disposed on each of both end faces of the ionic layer 12. That is, a controlled layer 21 is disposed on one end face (rear face) of the ionic layer 12 so as to face the chemically fixed arrangement of the cations 122c in the ionic layer 12. In addition, a controlled layer 22 is disposed on the other end face (front face) of the ionic layer 12 so as to face the chemically fixed arrangement of the anions 122a in the ionic layer 12.

[0042] Here, for example, when the polymer 121 is made of a material exhibiting adhesiveness as described above (the end face of the ionic layer 12 has adhesiveness), these controlled layers 21 and 22 are attached onto the end face of the ionic layer 12. This makes it possible to easily arrange the controlled layers 21 and 22 on the end face of the ionic layer 12.

[0043] As such controlled layers 21 and 22, for example, a semiconductor layer, an insulator layer, a conductor layer, a thermoelectric conversion layer, or the like made of various materials can be used.

[0044] [Actions and Effects] Next, the action and effect of such an ionic element 1 and functional device 2 will be described with reference to Fig. 6. Fig. 6(A) and Fig. 6(B) are schematic cross-sectional views (ZX cross-sectional views) showing the action of the ionic element 1 and functional device 2 shown in Fig. 5(A) and Fig. 5(B), respectively.

[0045] First, in the functional device 2 shown in Fig. 6(A), the controlled layer 21 is disposed on the back surface of the ionic layer 12 so as to face the chemically fixed arrangement of the cations 122c in the ionic layer 12. As a result, as shown in Fig. 6(A), for example, in a region of the controlled layer 21 near the interface with the ionic layer 12, electrons e as carriers are disposed side by side so as to face the chemically fixed arrangement of the cations 122c. In other words, a conductive region (a region with a relatively high amount of negative charge) due to the electrons e is formed in a region of the controlled layer 21 near the interface with the ionic layer 12.

[0046] As a result, it becomes possible to easily control the physical properties (in this example, the charge amount, carrier characteristics, conductivity, etc.) of the region near the interface with the ionic layer 12 in the controlled layer 21, which is the control target (attached to) of the ionic element 1. Specifically, in this example, the physical properties of the region in the controlled layer 21 near the interface with the ionic layer 12 are controlled by the chemical fixed arrangement phenomenon of the cations 122c in the ionic element 1 (in the ionic layer 12).

[0047] On the other hand, in the functional device 2 shown in Fig. 6(B), first, in the same manner as in the example of Fig. 6(A), a controlled layer 21 is disposed on the back surface of the ionic layer 12 so as to face the chemically fixed arrangement of the cations 122c in the ionic layer 12. As a result, the physical properties of the region in the controlled layer 21 near the interface with the ionic layer 12 can be easily controlled by the same action as in the case of Fig. 6(A) described above.

[0048] 6(B), the controlled layer 22 is also disposed on the surface of the ionic layer 12 so as to face the chemically fixed arrangement of the anions 122a in the ionic layer 12. As a result, as shown in FIG. 6(B), for example, in a region of the controlled layer 22 near the interface with the ionic layer 12, holes h as carriers are disposed side by side so as to face the chemically fixed arrangement of the anions 122a. In other words, a conductive region (a region with a relatively high amount of positive charge) due to the holes h is formed in a region of the controlled layer 22 near the interface with the ionic layer 12.

[0049] As a result, it becomes possible to easily control the physical properties (in this example, the charge amount, carrier characteristics, conductivity, etc.) of the region near the interface with the ionic layer 12 in the controlled layer 22, which is the control target (attached to) of the ionic element 1. Specifically, in this example, the physical properties of the region in the controlled layer 22 near the interface with the ionic layer 12 are controlled by the chemical fixed arrangement phenomenon of the anions 122a in the ionic element 1 (in the ionic layer 12).

[0050] In this way, the ionic element 1 functions as a so-called electret, and as a result, in the controlled layers 21, 22, which are the control targets (attached layers), the physical properties of the region near the interface with the ionic layer 12 can be easily controlled. Note that the physical properties (physical properties to be controlled) of the controlled layers 21, 22 include the charge amount, carrier properties, conductivity, etc. described above, as well as thermoelectric conversion properties, for example, when the controlled layers 21, 22 are made of a thermoelectric conversion material.

[0051] As described above, in this embodiment, the ionic layer 12 in the ionic element 1 includes the polymer 121 and the electrolyte 122 composed of ions having multiple bonds, and has a pair of end faces. In the ionic layer 12, ions are arranged in a chemically fixed state in a region near at least one of the pair of end faces. This allows the ionic element 1 to function as a so-called electret, and as a result, the physical properties of the region near the interface with the ionic layer 12 in the controlled layers 21 and 22, which are the control targets (attached to), can be easily (simply) controlled. Therefore, the functionality of the functional device 2 can be easily improved, and the convenience for the user can be improved.

[0052] Furthermore, in the ionic element 1 and the functional device 2, it is possible to control the physical properties of the controlled layers 21 and 22 without carrying out any particular chemical reaction. That is, for example, by simply attaching the ionic element 1 to the controlled layers 21 and 22, it is possible to easily realize such physical property control.

[0053] Furthermore, when manufacturing these ionic elements 1 and functional devices 2, no complicated steps such as vacuum processes or ion implantation processes are required, and they can be produced in a room temperature environment, making it possible to manufacture them inexpensively using a relatively simple process.

[0054] <2. Modifications> Next, modified examples (modifications 1 to 4) of the above embodiment will be described. In the following, the same components as those in the above embodiment will be denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description will be omitted as appropriate.

[0055] [Variation 1] 7(A) and 7(B) are schematic diagrams showing cross-sectional configuration examples (ZX cross-sectional configuration examples) of ionic elements (ionic elements 1A and 1B) according to Modification 1. Unlike the ionic element 1 of the embodiment (in which both the cations 122c and the anions 122a are chemically fixed and arranged), the ionic elements 1A and 1B of the present modification are each configured such that only one of the cations 122c and the anions 122a is chemically fixed and arranged, as described in detail below.

[0056] Specifically, the ionic element 1A shown in Fig. 7(A) includes an ionic layer 12A instead of the ionic layer 12 described in the embodiment. This ionic layer 12A has a basically similar configuration to the ionic layer 12, but differs from the ionic layer 12 in that only the cations 122c are chemically fixed and arranged. In detail, in the ionic layer 12A, the cations 122c are chemically fixed and arranged in a region near one end face (rear face), and the anions 122a are arranged in a dispersed state in the polymer 121 (not chemically fixed and arranged).

[0057] On the other hand, the ionic element 1B shown in Fig. 7(B) includes an ionic layer 12B instead of the ionic layer 12. This ionic layer 12B has a basically similar configuration to the ionic layer 12, but differs from the ionic layer 12 in that only the anions 122a are chemically fixed and arranged. In detail, in the ionic layer 12B, the anions 122a are chemically fixed and arranged in a region near the other end face (surface), and the cations 122c are arranged in a dispersed state in the polymer 121 (not chemically fixed and arranged).

[0058] Furthermore, as shown in schematic cross-sectional views (ZX cross-sectional views) in Figures 8(A) and 8(B), respectively, functional devices (functional devices 2A and 2B) equipped with such ionic elements 1A and 1B have the following configuration and function.

[0059] Specifically, in the functional device 2A shown in Fig. 8(A), the controlled layer 21 is disposed on one end face (back face) of the ionic layer 12A in the ionic element 1A so as to face the chemically fixed arrangement of the cations 122c in the ionic layer 12A. On the other hand, in this functional device 2A, no controlled layer is disposed on the other end face (front face) of the ionic layer 12A.

[0060] In the functional device 2A having such a configuration, as shown in Fig. 8(A), for example, electrons e as carriers are arranged side by side in a region in the vicinity of the interface with the ion layer 12A in the controlled layer 21 so as to face the chemically fixed arrangement of the cations 122c. In other words, a conductive region (a region with a relatively high amount of negative charge) due to the electrons e is formed in a region in the vicinity of the interface with the ion layer 12A in the controlled layer 21.

[0061] As a result, in the controlled layer 21, which is the control target (attached to) of the ionic element 1A, the physical properties (in this example, the charge amount, carrier characteristics, conductivity, etc.) of the region near the interface with the ionic layer 12A can be easily controlled. Specifically, in this example, the physical properties of the region in the controlled layer 21 near the interface with the ionic layer 12A are controlled by the chemical fixed arrangement phenomenon of the cations 122c in the ionic element 1A (in the ionic layer 12A).

[0062] 8(B), a controlled layer 22 is disposed on the other end face (front face) of the ionic layer 12B in the ionic element 1B so as to face the chemically fixed arrangement of the anions 122a in the ionic layer 12B. On the other hand, in this functional device 2B, no controlled layer is disposed on one end face (back face) of the ionic layer 12B.

[0063] In the functional device 2B having such a configuration, for example, as shown in Fig. 8(B), holes h as carriers are arranged side by side in a region near the interface with the ion layer 12B in the controlled layer 22 so as to face the chemically fixed arrangement of the anions 122a. In other words, a conductive region (a region with a relatively high amount of positive charge) due to the holes h is formed in the region near the interface with the ion layer 12B in the controlled layer 22.

[0064] As a result, in the controlled layer 22, which is the control target (attached to) of the ionic element 1B, the physical properties (in this example, the charge amount, carrier characteristics, conductivity, etc.) of the region near the interface with the ionic layer 12B can be easily controlled. Specifically, in this example, the physical properties of the region in the controlled layer 22 near the interface with the ionic layer 12B are controlled by the chemical fixed arrangement phenomenon of the anions 122a in the ionic element 1B (in the ionic layer 12B).

[0065] In this manner, in this modification, ions are arranged in a chemically fixed state only in the vicinity of one of the pair of end faces in the ion layers 12A and 12B. As a result, in this modification, as in the above embodiment, the physical properties of the region near the interface with the ion layers 12A and 12B in the controlled layers 21 and 22, which are the control targets (attachment destinations), can be easily (simply) controlled. Therefore, in this modification, as in the above embodiment, the functionality of the functional devices 2A and 2B can be easily improved, and the convenience for users can be improved.

[0066] [Variation 2] (composition) Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram showing a cross-sectional configuration example (ZX cross-sectional configuration example) of a switching element (switching element 3) as a functional device according to Modification 2. As shown in Fig. 9, the switching element 3 of this modification is configured using a functional device 2A having the ionic element 1A described above, and includes the ionic element 1A and a plurality of electrodes (two electrodes 231, 232 in this example). The switching element 3, which will be described in detail later, is an element that functions as a field effect diode (FED: Field Effect Diode).

[0067] As described above, the ionic element 1A has the ionic layer 12A and the controlled layer 21. In particular, in this switching element 3, the controlled layer 21 is composed of the semiconductor layer 210. In addition, in the ionic layer 12A, as described above, the cations 122c are chemically fixed and arranged in a region near one end face (in this example, the end face on the side of the controlled layer 21 and the electrodes 231, 232), and the anions 122a are arranged in a dispersed state in the polymer 121 (not chemically fixed and arranged).

[0068] The semiconductor layer 210 is configured to include various semiconductor materials, and as described above, is a layer that functions as the above-mentioned controlled layer 21. Specific examples of semiconductor materials include strontium titanate (SrTiO3), silicon (Si), gallium nitride (GaN), silicon carbide (SiC), zinc oxide (ZnO), and the like.

[0069] The electrodes 231 and 232 are disposed between the semiconductor layer 210 (the controlled layer 21) and the ionic layer 12A at a predetermined distance (for example, about 5 nm to 10 μm). SD ) (electrodes functioning as a source electrode and a drain electrode). Each of the electrodes 231 and 232 is made of a material such as gold (Au), aluminum (Al), silver (Ag), copper (Cu), or carbon (C).

[0070] (Action, Action and Effect) Next, the operation and effects of such switching element 3 will be described with reference to FIGS.

[0071] 10(A) to 10(C) are schematic cross-sectional views (ZX cross-sectional views) illustrating an example of the operation of the switching element 3. In this example, the electrode 231 functions as a source electrode (S) and the electrode 232 functions as a drain electrode (D).

[0072] In this switching element 3, first, as shown in FIG. 10A, a voltage V of 0 V or more is applied between the electrodes 231 and 232 (with respect to the ion layer 12A). SD (V SD ≧0V) is applied, the following occurs. That is, in this case, the anions 122a remain in a state of being entirely dispersed in the ionic layer 12A. Therefore, in the region in the ionic layer 12A near the interface with the semiconductor layer 210, in addition to the chemically fixed arrangement of the cations 122c, some of the anions 122a are also arranged. Therefore, the anions 122a surround the cations 122c, and the charge of the cations 122c is shielded by the anions 122a. In this case, a channel, which is a conductive region (region with a relatively high amount of negative charge) due to electrons e, is not formed in the region in the semiconductor layer 210 near the interface with the ionic layer 12A (between the electrodes 231 and 232). As a result, in this case, a current (current I, to be described later) flows between the electrodes 231 and 232 (between the source and drain). SD ) will not flow.

[0073] Here, as shown in FIG. 10B, for example, a negative voltage Vth having an absolute value between a threshold voltage Vth (for example, −3 V) and 0 V is applied between the electrodes 231 and 232. SD (Vth <V SDWhen a voltage of 0V or less is applied, the following occurs. That is, in this case, in the ionic layer 12A, the anions 122a are partially attracted to the electrode 232 side (drain side) (see arrow P1 in FIG. 10(B)). Therefore, in the ionic layer 12A, in the region near the interface with the semiconductor layer 210, a region where only the chemically fixed arrangement of the cations 122c (region where the anions 122a are not arranged) is partially formed on the electrode 231 side (source side). Therefore, in this case, in the region near the interface with the ionic layer 12A in the semiconductor layer 210 (between the electrodes 231 and 232), a channel C, which is a conductive region due to electrons e, is partially formed on the electrode 231 side. However, since the channel C is only partially formed on the electrode 231 side (intermediate state of the channel C, gradient distribution state of charges), even in this case, a current I SD will not flow.

[0074] Then, for example, as shown in FIG. 10C, a negative voltage V SD (V SD ≦Vth) is applied, the following occurs. That is, in this case, the anions 122a are generally attracted to the electrode 232 side in the ionic layer 12A. Therefore, in the ionic layer 12A, in the region near the interface with the semiconductor layer 210, a region where only the chemically fixed arrangement of the cations 122c (a region where the anions 122a are not arranged) is formed overall between the electrodes 231, 232. Therefore, in this case, in the region near the interface with the ionic layer 12A in the semiconductor layer 210, a channel C which is a conductive region due to electrons e is formed overall between the electrodes 231, 232. As a result, in this case, a current I SD will be played.

[0075] In this way, in the switching element 3, the voltage V between the two electrodes 231 and 232 SD In response to the application of the current I SDThe formation state of the channel C as a path for the current is controlled. That is, a switching element having two terminals (two electrodes 231, 232) is realized, and the switching element 3 functions as a field effect diode. The switching characteristics of the switching element 3 are applicable to switching operations at frequencies in the megahertz (MHz) range, for example.

[0076] As shown in the schematic circuit diagrams of Figures 11(A) and 11(B), the switching element 3 performs a switching operation as follows. That is, first, as shown in Figure 11(A), for example, the voltage V SD The value of (V SD ≧0V) or (Vth <V SD <0V), as described above, a current I SD No current flows, and the switching element 3 is turned off (shutoff state). On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 11B, the voltage V SD The value of (V SD ≦Vth) (when the voltage V SD When the absolute value of the threshold voltage Vth becomes equal to or greater than the absolute value of the threshold voltage Vth, the following occurs: That is, in this case, as described above, the current I SD Since the current flows, the switching element 3 is turned on (conducting) (see arrow P2 in FIG. 11(B)).

[0077] Here, FIG. 12 shows the characteristics (V SD -I SD 12 shows an example of the characteristic (an example of measured data). Note that the gate voltages Vg=0V and 3V shown in Fig. 12 refer to the measured data when a gate electrode is provided as an auxiliary to the switching element 3 and the gate voltage Vg is applied for the convenience of confirming the operation during the experiment. Incidentally, the case of gate voltage Vg=0V corresponds to the measured data for the switching element 3 with the original two terminals (two electrodes 231, 232) shown in Figs. 9 and 10.

[0078] As described above, the voltage V SD The value of (V SD ≧0V) or (Vth <V SD <0V), the current I SD does not flow, and the voltage V SD The value of (V SD ≦Vth), the current I SD It can be seen that a current of about several μA flows. In this case, V SD -I SD In the characteristics, the voltage V SD The current I SD The values ​​of are different (see the dashed arrow in FIG. 12), and it can be seen that the hysteresis characteristic is exhibited.

[0079] As described above, in the switching element 3 of this modified example, the voltage V between the two electrodes 231 and 232 SD In response to the application of the current I SD The formation state of the channel C as a path for the current is controlled. That is, a switching element with two terminals (two electrodes 231, 232) is realized, and the switching element 3 functions as a field effect diode. Therefore, compared with a conventional switching element with three terminals (three electrodes of a gate electrode, a source electrode, and a drain electrode), that is, a switching element with a simple configuration with one less terminal, can be easily realized. As a result, this modification makes it possible to further improve user convenience.

[0080] In addition, such a switching element 3 can be easily manufactured, for example, by attaching the ion layer 12A to one surface of a semiconductor wafer (semiconductor layer 210 and electrodes 231, 232) and then dicing the wafer into element regions.

[0081] In this modification, an example of a case where a switching element is realized using an ionic element 1A (configuration in which cations 122c are chemically fixed and anions 122a are dispersed in the ionic layer 12A) has been described. However, the present invention is not limited to this example, and for example, a switching element may be realized using an ionic element 1B shown in FIG. 7(B) (configuration in which anions 122a are chemically fixed and anions 122c are dispersed in the ionic layer 12B). In the case of a switching element using such an ionic element 1B, unlike the case of the switching element 3 described in this modification, a channel, which is a conductive region due to holes h, is formed, and a current flows between two terminals.

[0082] [Variation 3] 13(A) to 13(C) each show a schematic planar configuration example (XY planar configuration example) of an ionic element according to Modification 3. In the ionic element of this modification, a region in which ions are chemically fixedly arranged is partially formed within an end face of the ionic element 1 (or ionic elements 1A and 1B) having the configuration described thus far. In other words, the ionic element of this modification has, within the end face, a fixed arrangement region in which ions are chemically fixedly arranged, and a non-fixed arrangement region in which ions are arranged in a dispersed state.

[0083] Specifically, the ionic element 1 (or ionic elements 1A, 1B) shown in Fig. 13(A) is configured as follows. That is, along the Y-axis direction in the end face, there are provided fixed arrangement regions 41, which are regions in which ions (at least one of cations 122c and anions 122a) are chemically fixed and arranged, and non-fixed arrangement regions 42, which are regions in which ions are arranged in a dispersed state. Therefore, the DC voltage Vdc for forming the above-mentioned chemically fixed arrangement of ions is selectively applied to the fixed arrangement region 41, and the same applies below.

[0084] 13(B) is configured as follows: fixed arrangement regions 41 and non-fixed arrangement regions 42 are provided along the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction, respectively, of the end face. In detail, in this example, the fixed arrangement regions 41 are two-dimensionally arranged in a matrix on the end face (two-dimensional matrix arrangement).

[0085] Furthermore, the ionic element 1 (or ionic elements 1A and 1B) shown in FIG. 13C is as follows. That is, in the end face, the fixed arrangement region 41 is , so that it can be part of any circuit. In detail, in this example, two rectangular fixed placement regions 41 are electrically connected in parallel by a wiring-like fixed placement region 41 to form a circuit. constitutes part of .

[0086] In this manner, in the ionic element of this modified example, the fixed arrangement region 41 can be set arbitrarily within the end face by controlling the application region of the DC voltage Vdc within the end face. Therefore, in this modified example, the region in which the ionic element functions as the electret described above can be easily and arbitrarily set simply by selectively applying the DC voltage Vdc to the region. Therefore, this modified example can further improve user convenience. Note that the shape, arrangement, size, number, circuit pattern, etc. of the fixed arrangement region 41 are not limited to the above examples and can be set arbitrarily.

[0087] [Variation 4] 14 shows a configuration example of an ionic element according to Modification 4. In the ionic element of this modification, the charge amount of ions (at least one of cations 122c and anions 122a) is variable in fixed arrangement region 41 formed entirely or partially on the end face, and the charge amount can be set arbitrarily.

[0088] 14, the amount of charge of the ions in the fixed arrangement region 41 is set arbitrarily by controlling the magnitude of the DC voltage Vdc for forming a chemically fixed arrangement of ions. In particular, in this example, the amount of charge of the ions in the fixed arrangement region 41 increases as the value of the DC voltage Vdc increases. In other words, when the magnitude of the DC voltage Vdc is relatively small, the amount of charge of the ions in the fixed arrangement region 41 also becomes relatively small, and when the magnitude of the DC voltage Vdc is relatively large, the amount of charge of the ions in the fixed arrangement region 41 also becomes relatively large.

[0089] In this manner, in the ionic element of this modified example, the amount of charge of the ions in the fixed arrangement region 41 can be set arbitrarily by controlling the magnitude of the DC voltage Vdc. Therefore, in this modified example, the amount of charge when the ionic element functions as the electret described above, that is, the degree of control of the physical properties in the controlled layer that is the control target, can be easily and arbitrarily set only by the magnitude of the DC voltage Vdc. Therefore, in this modified example, it is possible to further improve the convenience for the user.

[0090] <3. Application Examples> Next, examples of application of the ionic elements (ionic elements 1, 1A, 1B) according to the embodiments and modifications (modifications 1 to 4) described thus far to electronic devices will be described.

[0091] 15(A) and 15(B) each show a block configuration example of an electronic device (electronic device 5) according to an application example.

[0092] First, in the electronic device 5 shown in Fig. 15(A), one functional device 2 (or functional devices 2A, 2B, switching element 3) having one or more ionic elements 1 (or ionic elements 1A, 1B) is provided. In addition, in the electronic device 5, a package (sealing member) 50 for sealing such functional device 2 from the outside is provided. By providing such a package 50, it is possible to prevent the intrusion of moisture and the like from the outside into the functional device 2, and to improve the durability (element life, reliability) of the functional device 2, etc.

[0093] 15(B), a plurality of (two in this example) functional devices 2 (or functional devices 2A, 2B, switching element 3) having one or more ionic elements 1 (or ionic elements 1A, 1B) are provided in the electronic device 5. Also, in the electronic device 5, a package 50 is provided for sealing such functional devices 2 from the outside.

[0094] Specific examples of such electronic equipment 5 include various circuits (resistance circuits, amplifier circuits, etc.) using one or more of the functional devices 2 described above, and various equipment having such various circuits.

[0095] <4. Other Modifications> Although the technology of the present disclosure has been described above by giving embodiments, modifications, and application examples, the technology is not limited to these embodiments, and various modifications are possible.

[0096] For example, the configuration (shape, arrangement position, number, material, etc.) of each member described in the above embodiment is not limited, and other shapes, arrangement positions, numbers, materials, etc. may be used. Specifically, in the above embodiment, a case where a pair of end faces in the ion layer face each other is described as an example, but this is not limited. That is, for example, a pair of end faces in the ion layer may not face each other (for example, be arranged on the same plane).

[0097] Furthermore, in the above embodiments, a specific method for manufacturing an ionic element has been given and described, but the manufacturing method is not limited to the one described in the above embodiments, and other methods may be used.

[0098] Furthermore, in the present technology, the contents described above can be applied in any combination.

[0099] It should be noted that the effects described in this specification are merely examples and are not limiting, and other effects may also be obtained.

[0100] The present technology can also be configured as follows. (1) The electrolyte includes a polymer as a base material and an electrolyte composed of ions having multiple bonds, and the electrolyte layer has a pair of end faces. In the ion layer, the ions are arranged in a chemically fixed state in a region adjacent to at least one of the pair of end faces. Ionic elements. (2) In the ion layer, A positive ion as the ion is chemically fixed and disposed in a vicinity region of one of the pair of end faces, Anions as the ions are chemically fixed and disposed in a region adjacent to the other end face of the pair of end faces. An ionic element according to (1) above. (3) In the ion layer, One of the positive ions and the negative ions as the ions is chemically fixed and arranged in a region adjacent to one of the pair of end faces, The other of the cations and anions is disposed in a dispersed state. An ionic element according to (1) above. (4) In the pair of end faces, a fixed arrangement region in which the ions are chemically fixed; a non-fixed arrangement region in which the ions are arranged in a dispersed state; There is An ionic element according to any one of (1) to (3) above. (5) The fixed arrangement region is patterned into a predetermined circuit shape within the pair of end faces. An ionic element according to (4) above. (6) The amount of charge in the fixed arrangement region, where the ions are chemically fixed, can be set arbitrarily. An ionic element according to any one of (1) to (5) above. (7) The ions and the polymer are polymerized together, so that the ions are chemically fixed in position. An ionic element according to any one of (1) to (6) above. (8) The at least one end surface of the ionic layer has adhesiveness. An ionic element according to any one of (1) to (7) above. (9) The electrolyte is an ionic liquid. An ionic element according to any one of (1) to (8) above. (10) An ion layer including a polymer as a base material and an electrolyte composed of ions having multiple bonds and having a pair of end faces; a controlled layer disposed on at least one of the pair of end faces; Equipped with In the ion layer, the ions are arranged in a chemically fixed state in a region adjacent to the at least one end face. Functional devices. (11) The physical properties of the controlled layer are controlled by the phenomenon of chemically fixing and arranging the ions in the ion layer. The functional device according to (10) above. (12) the controlled layer is a semiconductor layer, A plurality of electrodes are further provided between the semiconductor layer and the ionic layer for applying a voltage within the ionic layer, Only one of the positive ions and the negative ions as the ions is chemically fixed and disposed in a region near the at least one end face. A functional device according to (10) or (11) above. (13) A state in which a current path is formed is controlled in a region between the plurality of electrodes in the semiconductor layer according to a state in which the voltage is applied, It is configured as a switching element. The functional device according to (12) above. (14) Two of the electrodes are provided, Configured as a field effect diode A functional device according to (12) or (13) above. (15) The controlled layer is attached onto at least one of the end faces. A functional device according to any one of (10) to (14) above. (16) One or more functional devices, The functional device comprises: An ion layer including a polymer as a base material and an electrolyte composed of ions having multiple bonds and having a pair of end faces; a controlled layer disposed on at least one of the pair of end faces; Equipped with In the ion layer, the ions are arranged in a chemically fixed state in a region adjacent to the at least one end face. electronic equipment. (17) An ion layer is formed that includes a polymer as a base material and an electrolyte composed of ions having multiple bonds and has a pair of end faces; Attaching electrodes to the pair of end surfaces, respectively; applying a voltage between the pair of end faces via the electrodes to arrange the ions in the ion layer in a region adjacent to at least one of the pair of end faces; the ions and the polymer are polymerized with each other to dispose the ions in a chemically fixed state in a region adjacent to the at least one end face; The electrodes are removed from the pair of end surfaces. A method for manufacturing an ionic element. (18) The ion layer is irradiated with light, heated, or supplied with a polymerization initiator to polymerize the ions and the polymer with each other. A method for producing an ionic element according to (17) above. (19) By controlling the region to which the voltage is applied within the pair of end faces, a fixed arrangement region in which the ions are chemically fixed and arranged is arbitrarily set within the pair of end faces. A method for producing an ionic element according to (17) or (18) above. (20) By controlling the magnitude of the voltage, the amount of charge in the fixed arrangement region, where the ions are chemically fixed, can be set arbitrarily. A method for producing an ionic element according to any one of (17) to (19) above.

[0101] Those skilled in the art will recognize that various modifications, combinations, subcombinations, and variations may occur to those skilled in the art depending on design requirements and other factors, and that such modifications are within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. The electrolyte includes a polymer as a base material and an electrolyte composed of ions having multiple bonds, and the electrolyte layer has a pair of end faces. In the ion layer, the ions are disposed in a chemically fixed state in a region adjacent to at least one of the pair of end faces, Within the area of ​​the end surface itself in each of the pair of end surfaces, a fixed arrangement region in which the ions are chemically fixed; a non-fixed arrangement region in which the ions are arranged in a dispersed state; are provided respectively. Ionic elements.

2. In the ion layer, A positive ion as the ion is chemically fixed and disposed in a vicinity region of one of the pair of end faces, Anions as the ions are chemically fixed and disposed in a region adjacent to the other end face of the pair of end faces. The ionic element according to claim 1 .

3. The fixed arrangement region is patterned within the pair of end faces so as to be able to configure a part of an arbitrary circuit. The ionic element according to claim 1 or 2.

4. The amount of charge in the fixed arrangement region, where the ions are chemically fixed, can be set arbitrarily. The ionic element according to any one of claims 1 to 3.

5. The ions and the polymer are polymerized together, so that the ions are chemically fixed in position. The ionic element according to any one of claims 1 to 4.

6. The at least one end surface of the ionic layer has adhesiveness. The ionic element according to any one of claims 1 to 5.

7. The electrolyte is an ionic liquid. The ionic element according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

8. An ion layer including a polymer as a base material and an electrolyte composed of ions having multiple bonds and having a pair of end faces; a controlled layer disposed on at least one of the pair of end faces; Equipped with In the ion layer, the ions are disposed in a chemically fixed state in a region adjacent to the at least one end face, Within the area of ​​the end surface itself in each of the pair of end surfaces, a fixed arrangement region in which the ions are chemically fixed; a non-fixed arrangement region in which the ions are arranged in a dispersed state; are provided respectively. Functional devices.

9. An ion layer including a polymer as a base material and an electrolyte composed of ions having multiple bonds and having a pair of end faces; a semiconductor layer as a controlled layer disposed on at least one of the pair of end faces; a plurality of electrodes provided between the semiconductor layer and the ion layer for applying a voltage within the ion layer; Equipped with In the ion layer, only one of the cations and the anions as the ions is disposed in a chemically fixed state in a region in the vicinity of the at least one end face. Functional devices.

10. A state in which a current path is formed is controlled in a region between the plurality of electrodes in the semiconductor layer according to a state in which the voltage is applied, It is configured as a switching element. The functional device according to claim 9.

11. Two of the electrodes are provided, Configured as a field effect diode The functional device according to claim 9 or 10.

12. The physical properties of the controlled layer are controlled by the phenomenon of chemically fixing and arranging the ions in the ion layer. The functional device according to claim 8 .

13. The controlled layer is attached onto at least one of the end faces. The functional device according to claim 8 .

14. One or more functional devices; The functional device comprises: An ion layer including a polymer as a base material and an electrolyte composed of ions having multiple bonds and having a pair of end faces; a controlled layer disposed on at least one of the pair of end faces; Equipped with In the ion layer, the ions are disposed in a chemically fixed state in a region adjacent to the at least one end face, Within the area of ​​the end surface itself in each of the pair of end surfaces, a fixed arrangement region in which the ions are chemically fixed; a non-fixed arrangement region in which the ions are arranged in a dispersed state; are provided respectively. electronic equipment.

15. One or more functional devices; The functional device comprises: An ion layer including a polymer as a base material and an electrolyte composed of ions having multiple bonds and having a pair of end faces; a semiconductor layer as a controlled layer disposed on at least one of the pair of end faces; a plurality of electrodes provided between the semiconductor layer and the ion layer for applying a voltage within the ion layer; Equipped with In the ion layer, only one of the cations and the anions as the ions is disposed in a chemically fixed state in a region in the vicinity of the at least one end face. electronic equipment.

16. An ion layer is formed that includes a polymer as a base material and an electrolyte composed of ions having multiple bonds and has a pair of end faces; Attaching electrodes to the pair of end surfaces, respectively; applying a voltage between the pair of end faces via the electrodes to arrange the ions in the ion layer in a region adjacent to at least one of the pair of end faces; the ions and the polymer are polymerized with each other to dispose the ions in a chemically fixed state in a region adjacent to the at least one end face; The electrodes are removed from the pair of end surfaces, and By controlling the region to which the voltage is applied within the pair of end faces, a fixed arrangement region in which the ions are chemically fixed and arranged is arbitrarily set within the pair of end faces. A method for manufacturing an ionic element.

17. The ion layer is irradiated with light, heated, or supplied with a polymerization initiator to polymerize the ions and the polymer with each other. A method for producing an ionic element according to claim 16.

18. By controlling the magnitude of the voltage, the amount of charge in the fixed arrangement region, where the ions are chemically fixed, can be set arbitrarily. A method for producing an ionic element according to claim 16 or 17.

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