Battery module equipped with pressure sensor for thermal runaway detection

Abstract

A battery module according to the present invention includes a cell stack having a plurality of battery cells stacked in one direction; a pressure sensor unit disposed between one of the battery cells and another battery cell opposite thereto, the pressure sensor unit having a plurality of pressure sensing nodes protruding toward the other battery cell; and a surface pressure transmission plate disposed between the pressure sensor unit and the other battery cell, the surface facing the plurality of pressure sensing nodes being flat.

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a battery module, and more particularly, to a battery module for detecting whether or not there is an abnormality in a battery cell by measuring a swelling pressure of the battery cell.

[0002] This application claims priority to Korean Patent Application No. 10-2021-0139765, filed on October 19, 2021, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety in the specification and drawings. [Background technology]

[0003] Secondary batteries are easily applicable to various products and have electrical properties with high energy density. Such secondary batteries are applied not only to portable devices but also to electric vehicles or hybrid vehicles driven by electrical sources, power storage devices, and the like.

[0004] Currently, the types of secondary batteries that are widely used include lithium ion batteries, lithium polymer batteries, nickel cadmium batteries, nickel metal hydride batteries, nickel zinc batteries, etc. The operating voltage of one secondary battery cell is about 2.5 V to 4.2 V. Therefore, if a higher output voltage is required, a battery module can be configured by connecting multiple secondary battery cells in series, or by connecting multiple secondary battery cells in series and in parallel depending on the charge and discharge capacity.

[0005] Meanwhile, in the case of secondary battery cells of a battery module, a phenomenon in which the secondary battery cells expand due to gas generated by electrode expansion and / or decomposition of the internal electrolyte during repeated charging and discharging may occur. This phenomenon in which the secondary battery cells expand is called the "swelling phenomenon."

[0006] Repeated swelling of secondary battery cells due to expansion and contraction of electrodes during charging and discharging is normal and does not pose a major problem because the degree of swelling is low. However, if any problem occurs in the secondary battery cell, the temperature rises rapidly and a large amount of gas is generated inside, which increases the internal pressure of the secondary battery cell and causes the secondary battery cell to expand. This swelling phenomenon can cause the pressure to become very large, which can lead to the secondary battery cell catching fire or exploding. Therefore, when the battery module is operated, it is necessary to monitor the swelling pressure of the secondary battery cell and suspend the operation of the battery module if the swelling pressure exceeds a certain level.

[0007] In this regard, as disclosed in Patent Document 1, a conventional battery module uses a pressure sensor to measure the surface pressure of the battery cells.

[0008] Fig. 1 shows a pressure sensor for a battery module according to the prior art. As shown in Fig. 1, a pressure sensor 2 is inserted between two secondary battery cells 1A and 1B facing each other to detect the pressure when the secondary battery cells expand.

[0009] However, since the pressure sensor 2 as shown in Fig. 1 does not cover the entire surface of the secondary battery cell, it cannot detect whether there is an abnormality in the overall surface pressure of the secondary battery cell. That is, such a pressure sensor 2 can only detect the pressure of a local area of ​​the battery cell. Therefore, the pressure sensor 2 does not accurately detect the occurrence of an abnormality such as thermal runaway of the secondary battery cell by measuring the overall surface pressure of the secondary battery cell.

[0010] In addition, in the case of a conventional battery module, when a secondary battery cell expands, a reaction force causes a mark in the shape of a pressure sensor to be formed on the surface of the secondary battery cell, resulting in a problem of pressure concentration. As a result, when the battery module is operated, repeated swelling of the secondary battery cell causes the pressure sensor to continuously press the surface of the secondary battery cell, resulting in surface damage to the secondary battery cell, which adversely affects the behavior of the secondary battery cell. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0011] [Patent Document 1] Patent Publication No. 2020-205247 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0012] The present invention has been made in consideration of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a battery module that can detect the presence or absence of an abnormality in a battery cell by sensing the overall surface pressure of the battery cell during swelling without damaging the surface of the battery cell using a pressure sensor.

[0013] However, the technical problems that the present invention aims to solve are not limited to the problems described above, and other problems not mentioned will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art from the description of the invention below. [Means for solving the problem]

[0014] In order to achieve the above object, a battery module according to the present invention may include a cell stack having a plurality of battery cells stacked in one direction, a pressure sensor unit disposed between one of the battery cells and another battery cell opposite thereto, the pressure sensor unit having a plurality of pressure sensing nodes protruding toward the other battery cell, and a surface pressure transmission plate disposed between the pressure sensor unit and the other battery cell, the surface facing the plurality of pressure sensing nodes being flat.

[0015] The surface pressure transmission plate may be configured to have a size corresponding to an area of ​​one surface of the battery cell.

[0016] The surface pressure transmission plate may be made of a plastic material.

[0017] The pressure sensor may further include a sensitivity adjusting member formed of a compressible material and disposed between the pressure sensing nodes and the surface pressure transmitting plate.

[0018] The sensitivity adjustment member may be provided in the form of a foam pad.

[0019] The sensitivity adjustment member may be configured not to be compressed below a predetermined pressure.

[0020] The battery cell may be a pouch-type battery cell.

[0021] The pressure sensing nodes may be spaced apart from each other at regular intervals and may be configured to be distributed corresponding to an area range of one side of the pouch-type battery cell.

[0022] The pressure sensor unit may further include an insulating film that integrally covers the multiple pressure sensing nodes, and a connector pin that transmits a pressure signal to an external device.

[0023] The insulating film may include a body portion having a size corresponding to one surface of the battery cell and inserted between the battery cells, and a branch portion extending from at least one side of the body portion to an outside of the cell stack, and the connector pin may be provided at an end of the branch portion.

[0024] According to another aspect of the present invention, a battery pack may be provided that includes the battery module described above.

[0025] According to yet another aspect of the present invention, there may be provided a vehicle including the battery module described above. Effect of the Invention

[0026] According to the present invention, when a battery cell swells, a surface pressure of the battery cell above a certain level is sensed, thereby making it possible to detect whether an abnormality such as thermal runaway of the battery cell occurs.

[0027] In addition, according to the present invention, it is possible to prevent surface damage to the battery cell due to the pressure sensing node when the battery cell swells.

[0028] The effects of the present invention are not limited to the effects described above, and other effects of the present invention not mentioned will be clearly understood by those having ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention pertains from this specification and the accompanying drawings. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0029] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 illustrates a pressure sensor of a battery module according to the prior art. [Diagram 2] 1 is a schematic perspective view of a battery module according to an embodiment of the present invention; [Diagram 3] FIG. 2 is a plan view of a pressure sensor unit according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 4] 4 is a diagram showing a modified example of the pressure sensor unit in FIG. 3. [Diagram 5] 2 is a perspective view showing a pressure sensor unit and a surface pressure transmission plate among components of a battery module according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. [Figure 6] 1 is a partial cross-sectional view of a battery module according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 7] 11 is a perspective view showing a pressure sensor unit, a sensitivity adjusting member, and a surface pressure transmitting plate as main components of a battery module according to another embodiment of the present invention. FIG. [Figure 8] 4 is a partial cross-sectional view of a battery module according to another embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0030] Hereinafter, a preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the attached drawings. Prior to this, the terms and words used in this specification and claims should not be interpreted as being limited to their ordinary or dictionary meanings, but should be interpreted as being in accordance with the meaning and concept of the technical idea of ​​the present invention, in accordance with the principle that the inventor himself can appropriately define the concept of the term in order to best describe the invention. Therefore, it should be understood that the embodiment described in this specification and the configuration shown in the drawings are only one most preferred embodiment of the present invention, and do not represent the entire technical idea of ​​the present invention, and therefore there may be various equivalents and modifications that can be substituted for them at the time of this application.

[0031] FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of a battery module according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 3 is a plan view of a pressure sensor unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0032] Referring to these drawings, a battery module 10 according to one embodiment of the present invention includes a cell stack 100 having a plurality of battery cells 110 stacked in one direction, a pressure sensor unit 200 disposed between one of the battery cells 110 and another battery cell 110 opposite thereto, and having a plurality of pressure sensing nodes 210 protruding toward the other battery cell 110, and a surface pressure transmission plate 300 disposed between the pressure sensor unit 200 and the other battery cell 110, and having a flat surface facing the plurality of pressure sensing nodes 210.

[0033] The cell stack 100 can be said to be an assembly of battery cells 110 formed by stacking a plurality of battery cells 110. The cell stack 100 of the present embodiment is formed by standing the battery cells 110 vertically and stacking them horizontally. Here, the battery cells 110 are pouch-type battery cells 110, and may be stacked such that their wide surfaces face each other.

[0034] The pouch-type battery cell 110 includes a pouch exterior material, an electrode assembly and an electrolyte that are provided so as to be able to be housed in the pouch exterior material. For example, the pouch exterior material may be composed of two pouches, at least one of which may be recessed to form an internal space. The electrode assembly may be housed in the internal space of the pouch. The edges of the two pouches may be welded together to seal the internal space in which the electrode assembly is housed. An electrode lead 111 is attached to the electrode assembly, and the electrode lead 111 is interposed between the welded parts of the pouch exterior material and exposed to the outside of the pouch exterior material, thereby functioning as an electrode terminal of the battery cell 110. Alternatively, instead of the pouch-type battery cell 110, a prismatic battery cell 110 having a substantially rectangular parallelepiped shape and a metal exterior material may be used.

[0035] The pouch-type battery cells 110 may be electrically connected to each other by a busbar assembly. The busbar assembly is a component assembled to the front and rear of the cell stack 100 as shown in FIG. 2, and includes busbar frames 120 and 130 and a plurality of busbars 121.

[0036] The bus bar frames 120, 130 may be provided in the form of a plate-like body having a size capable of covering the front or rear of the cell stack 100, and may have slots (not shown) formed therethrough to allow the electrode leads 111 to pass through. The slots may be provided along the same direction as the stacking direction of the battery cells 110. In addition, the bus bar frames 120, 130 may be configured to allow a plurality of bus bars 121 to be attached to their outer surfaces.

[0037] The bus bars 121 may be made of a metal material such as copper or aluminum having electrical conductivity, and may be provided on outer surfaces of the bus bar frames 120 and 130 along the same direction as the stacking direction of the battery cells 110 as shown in FIG. 2.

[0038] For example, the positive electrode leads of the Nth to N+3th pouch-type battery cells 110 are stacked, inserted into one of the slots, and drawn out from the inside to the outside of the bus bar frame 120, and the drawn-out portion is bent and welded to the surface of one of the bus bars 121. Then, the negative electrode leads of the Nth to N+6th pouch-type battery cells 110 are stacked, inserted into another slot, and drawn out from the inside to the outside of the bus bar frame 120, and the drawn-out portion is bent and welded to the surface of the bus bar to which the positive electrode leads of the Nth to N+3th pouch-type battery cells 110 have been welded. By welding the electrode leads 111 of the pouch-type battery cells 110 to the corresponding bus bars 121 in this manner, the pouch-type battery cells 110 can be connected in series and in parallel.

[0039] The pressure sensor unit 200 is a component inserted between two opposing battery cells 110 among the pouch-type battery cells 110, and is for measuring pressure when swelling of the battery cells 110 occurs during operation of the battery module. The pressure sensor unit 200 is in the form of a film-type pressure sensor and may include a plurality of pressure sensing nodes 210, an insulating film 220 integrally covering the plurality of pressure sensing nodes 210, and a connector pin 230 for transmitting a pressure signal to an external device.

[0040] Each pressure sensing node 210 may be configured as a Force Sensitive Resistor (FSR) sensor that uses the property that resistance value changes depending on physical force, weight, etc. When pressure is applied to each pressure sensing node 210, the changed resistance value is converted into a digital value to know the intensity of the pressure. In the pressure sensor unit 200 of the present embodiment, the pressure sensing nodes 210 are arranged at regular intervals and distributed corresponding to the area range of one side of the pouch-type battery cell 110.

[0041] According to this configuration, it is possible to relatively grasp the pressure distribution by region, that is, which part of the pouch-type battery cell 110 has a large expansion force during swelling. In addition, the overall surface pressure can be grasped by combining data from each pressure sensing node 210, and it is possible to detect whether an abnormal situation such as thermal runaway has occurred by checking whether the overall surface pressure of the battery cell thus grasped is equal to or greater than a specific value. Here, the specific value is the overall surface pressure value of the battery cell 110 when an abnormal situation such as thermal runaway has occurred, and may mean a standard pressure value previously derived through an experiment or the like.

[0042] The insulating film 220 is a film formed of a material having heat resistance, insulating properties, excellent mechanical strength and flexibility, such as polyimide, and may include a body portion 221 and branch portions 223 .

[0043] 2 and 3, the body portion 221 is a portion that is provided to have a size corresponding to one surface of the battery cell 110 and is inserted into the cell stack 100. All the pressure sensing nodes 210 may be provided in the body portion 221 so as to receive a force from the battery cell 110 during swelling.

[0044] The branch portion 223 is a portion provided to extend from at least one side of the body portion 221 to the outside of the cell stack 100. Although not shown in detail, the branch portion 223 includes a conductor (not shown) connected to each pressure sensing node 210. One or more branches 223 are provided depending on the number of pressure sensing nodes 210, and the pressure sensor unit of this embodiment includes two branches 223.

[0045] The connector pin 230 is a terminal of the pressure sensor unit 200 for conducting the pressure signal sensed by the pressure sensing node 210 to an external device, and may be configured to be connectable to one end of the branch 223 or may be formed integrally with the branch 223.

[0046] FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a modification of the pressure sensor unit 200 of FIG.

[0047] Meanwhile, the size and number of the pressure sensing nodes 210 may be configured differently from the pressure sensing nodes 210 of FIG. 3. For example, as shown in FIG. 4, the pressure sensor unit 200 according to the modified example may be configured such that the pressure sensing nodes 210 are larger and fewer than those of the pressure sensing nodes 210 of FIG. 3. In this case, the performance of measuring the surface distribution of the pressure during swelling is reduced. However, the configuration of the pressure sensing nodes 210 as shown in FIG. 4 is sufficient for the purpose of checking whether the overall surface pressure of the battery cell 110 is equal to or greater than a predetermined specific pressure value, rather than the pressure distribution of the battery cell 110. That is, the number and size of the pressure sensing nodes 210 of the pressure sensor unit 200 can be variously set according to the purpose of use.

[0048] FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing a pressure sensor unit 200 and a surface pressure transmission plate 300 among components of a battery module 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 6 is a partial cross-sectional view of a battery module 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0049] As a main component of the battery module 10 of the present invention, the surface pressure transmission plate 300 may be provided in the form of a plate having one surface facing the body 221 of the pressure sensor unit and the other surface facing one surface of the battery cell 110(N+1).

[0050] The surface pressure transmission plate 300 of the present embodiment may be made of a lightweight plastic material having strength and thickness such that no marks are left even when concentrated pressure is applied by locally contacting the protruding pressure sensing nodes 210. In addition, the surface pressure transmission plate 300 may be provided in a size corresponding to the area of ​​one side of the battery cells 110 so that the expansion force of the battery cells 110 is evenly transmitted to each pressure sensing node 210 when the battery cells 110 swell.

[0051] 6, the pressure sensor unit 200 and the surface pressure transmission plate 300 may be disposed between the Nth battery cell 110(N) and the N+1th battery cell 110(N+1) in the cell stack 100 in which the battery cells 110(N), 110(N+1), 110(N+2) ... are stacked in one direction. In this case, the pressure sensor unit 200 may be disposed such that the protruding side of the pressure sensing node 210 faces the surface pressure transmission plate 300.

[0052] Assuming that swelling occurs in the battery cell 110, the force of the battery cell 110 acts on the pressure sensor unit and the surface pressure transmission plate 300, changing the resistance value of the pressure sensing node 210, and this value is output as a digital value. At this time, the surface pressure transmission plate 300 receives the expansion force of the N+1th battery cell 110 and transmits it evenly to each pressure sensing node 210. In addition, the surface pressure transmission plate 300 protects the surface of the N+1th battery cell 110 (N+1) from the protruding pressure sensing node 210. Assuming that the surface pressure transmission plate 300 is not present in FIG. 6, when the battery cell 110 swells, the surface of the N+1th battery cell 110 (N+1) is repeatedly and locally compressed by each protruding pressure sensing node 210. As a result, the battery cell 110 may be damaged, causing problems in performance and life characteristics.

[0053] However, in the battery module 10 of the present invention, as shown in Fig. 6, the surface pressure transmission plate 300 is configured to receive local pressure from each pressure sensing node 210 instead of the N+1th battery cell 110 (N+1). Therefore, the surface pressure transmission plate 300 can solve the problem of abnormal behavior of the battery cell 110 that may occur when each protruding pressure sensing node locally presses the surface of the battery cell 110 during swelling. In addition, the surface pressure transmission plate 300 receives the expansion force of the battery cell 110 and transmits it evenly to each pressure sensing node 210, thereby facilitating measurement of the overall surface pressure of the battery cell 110.

[0054] According to the configuration of the present invention as described above, it is possible to monitor the pressure change of the battery cells 110 during operation of the battery module 10. If such monitoring detects that the overall surface pressure of the battery cells 110 exceeds a specific value, it is possible to immediately stop operation of the battery module 10 and take safety measures to prevent fire, explosion, etc. of the battery module 10.

[0055] In addition, the battery module 10 of the present invention includes a surface pressure transmission plate 300, which can protect the surface of the battery cell 110 from a reaction of the pressure sensing node 210 caused by repeated swelling conditions.

[0056] FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing a pressure sensor unit 200, a sensitivity adjustment member 400 and a surface pressure transmission plate 300 as main components of a battery module 10 according to another embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 8 is a partial cross-sectional view of the battery module 10 according to another embodiment of the present invention.

[0057] Next, another embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to Figures 7 and 8. The same component numbers as in the above-mentioned embodiment indicate the same components, and duplicated descriptions of the same components will be omitted. The description will focus on the differences from the above-mentioned embodiment.

[0058] Compared with the battery module 10 according to the above-described embodiment, the battery module 10 according to this embodiment further includes a sensitivity adjusting member 400 .

[0059] The sensitivity adjusting member 400 is made of a compressible material and is disposed between the pressure sensing nodes 210 and the surface pressure transmitting plate 300 .

[0060] The sensitivity adjusting member 400 maintains a distance between the surface pressure transmitting plate 300 and the pressure sensing node 210, and serves to make the pressure sensing node 210 insensitive to a certain force or more.

[0061] As described above, slight swelling may occur repeatedly even during charging and discharging of a normal battery cell 110. The sensitivity adjusting member 400 maintains the gap between the surface pressure transmitting plate 300 and the pressure sensing node 210 so that the pressure sensing node 210 does not react to such slight swelling, thereby reducing the sensitivity of the sensor. In addition, the sensitivity adjusting member 400 plays a role in blocking heat generated in the battery cell 110. The pressure sensing node 210 may react sensitively to high temperatures, but by blocking the heat of the battery cell 110, the pressure sensing node 210 does not react to the heat.

[0062] The sensitivity adjusting member 400 may be provided in the form of, for example, a foam pad. As shown in FIG. 8, the foam pad may have a flat surface facing the surface pressure transmission plate 300 and a concave-convex structure facing the pressure sensor unit to fill the gap Q between the pressure sensing nodes 210. Also, the foam pad may be configured to be not compressed below a predetermined pressure by selectively using various materials having different compression rates or deformation rates and adjusting the thickness. That is, the foam pad may be configured to cover each pressure sensing node 210 between the Nth battery cell 110(N) and the surface pressure transmission plate 300 in FIG. 8, and may play a role in protecting each pressure sensing node 210 from external force and heat.

[0063] Therefore, in the battery module 10 according to the other embodiment of the present invention, the pressure sensing node 210 reacts when a strong pressure above a certain level is applied, but the reaction of the pressure sensing node to slight swelling of the battery cell 110 that is normally repeated during charging and discharging is slowed down, so that it is possible to clearly distinguish and detect normal swelling of the battery cell 110 and swelling occurring when an abnormal situation such as thermal runaway of the battery cell 110 occurs during operation of the battery module 10. In addition, since the battery module 10 according to the other embodiment of the present invention has the sensitivity adjustment member 400 in the form of a foam pad surrounding each pressure sensing node 210, it is more effective in eliminating the risk of surface damage to the battery cell 110 due to the protrusion of the pressure sensing node 210 than the case of the above-mentioned embodiment.

[0064] Meanwhile, a battery pack (not shown) according to the present invention includes at least one battery module, and may further include various devices (not shown) for controlling charging and discharging of the battery module, such as a Battery Management System (BMS), a current sensor, a fuse, etc.

[0065] The battery pack according to the present invention may be applied to automobiles such as electric automobiles and hybrid automobiles. That is, an automobile according to the present invention may include the battery pack according to the present invention. The battery pack may be installed in a body frame under a seat of the vehicle or in a trunk space.

[0066] In addition, although terms indicating directions such as up, down, left, right, front, and back are used in this specification, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that these terms indicate relative positions and are used only for convenience of explanation, and may change depending on the position of the target object, the position of the observer, etc.

[0067] Although the present invention has been described above with reference to limited embodiments and drawings, it goes without saying that the present invention is not limited thereto, and various modifications and variations can be made by those having ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention pertains within the scope of the technical spirit of the present invention and the scope of the claims. [Explanation of symbols]

[0068] 1A secondary battery cell 1B secondary battery cell 2 Pressure Sensor 10 Battery Module 100 Cell stack 110 Battery Cell 111 Electrode lead 120 Busbar Frame 121 Busbar 130 Busbar frame 200 Pressure Sensor Unit 210 Pressure Sensing Node 220 Insulating film 221 Main body 223 Branch 230 connector pins 300 Surface pressure transmission plate 400 Sensitivity adjustment member

Claims

1. A cell stack including a plurality of battery cells stacked in one direction; A pressure sensor unit is disposed between any one of the battery cells and another battery cell facing the any one of the battery cells, and includes a plurality of pressure sensing nodes protruding toward the other battery cell; a surface pressure transmission plate disposed between the pressure sensor unit and the other battery cell, the surface facing the pressure sensing nodes being flat; The plurality of pressure sensing nodes are distributed corresponding to an area range of one surface of the battery cell, The battery module further comprises an insulating film integrally covering the plurality of pressure sensing nodes, and a connector pin for transmitting a pressure signal to an external device.

2. The battery module according to claim 1 , wherein the surface pressure transfer plate has a size corresponding to an area of ​​one surface of the battery cell.

3. The battery module according to claim 1 , wherein the surface pressure transmission plate is made of a plastic material.

4. The battery module according to claim 1 , further comprising a sensitivity adjusting member formed of a compressible material and disposed between the pressure sensing nodes and the surface pressure transmitting plate.

5. The battery module according to claim 4 , wherein the sensitivity adjusting member is provided in the form of a foam pad.

6. The battery module according to claim 4 , wherein the sensitivity adjustment member is configured not to be compressed below a predetermined pressure.

7. The battery module according to claim 1 , wherein the battery cells are pouch-type battery cells.

8. The plurality of pressure sensing nodes include: The battery module according to claim 7 , wherein the pouch-type battery cells are spaced apart from each other at regular intervals and are configured to be distributed in accordance with an area range of one surface of the pouch-type battery cells.

9. A cell stack including a plurality of battery cells stacked in one direction; A pressure sensor unit is disposed between any one of the battery cells and another battery cell facing the any one of the battery cells, and includes a plurality of pressure sensing nodes protruding toward the other battery cell; a surface pressure transmission plate disposed between the pressure sensor unit and the other battery cell, the surface facing the pressure sensing nodes being flat; The pressure sensor unit includes: The pressure sensing device further includes an insulating film integrally covering the plurality of pressure sensing nodes, and a connector pin for transmitting a pressure signal to an external device, the insulating film includes a body portion having a size corresponding to one surface of the battery cell and inserted between the battery cells; and a branch portion extending from at least one side of the body portion to an outside of the cell stack, A battery module, characterized in that the connector pins are provided at the ends of the branches.

10. A battery pack comprising the battery module according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

11. A motor vehicle comprising the battery pack of claim 10.

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