Helmet-type mask with forced ventilation function

Abstract

To provide a mask which completely shields intrusion of virus from the outside of a light full-face helmet type, and, especially, to achieve the following four items at a high level simultaneously which are complete shielding of virus, a light body, easy breathing and cheap production cost.SOLUTION: Controlling pressure inside an airtight helmet to be slightly positive enables the mask to be made from a light weight material, and making a constant flow of clean air enables a breathing action applied with no load.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] This invention relates to an air-supplying mask, and more specifically to a device that supplies clean air into an airtight helmet similar to a space suit helmet. This invention relates to a helmet-type mask that has the function of controlling the pressure and flow of air inside the airtight helmet to a target range by controlling the air supply and exhaust. Here, the term "intake and exhaust" is used to collectively represent "air supply" and "exhaust." [Background technology]

[0002] The new coronavirus is expected to continue mutating and remain on Earth. Going forward, society is expected to undergo a transformation based on social distancing. Telework and online classes will likely become the norm, but the need for people to move around physically, such as for commuting to work or school, face-to-face meetings and interviews at companies and government offices, and experiments and practical training at schools and universities, is expected to remain.

[0003] The herd immunity rate Pc required to achieve herd immunity can be expressed by the following formula using the basic reproduction number R0. Pc = 1 – 1 / R0 Example: If R0=2, the infection rate required to achieve herd immunity is Pc=1-1 / 2=0.5 (50%). If R0=1.2, it is sufficient to have Pc=1-1 / 1.2=0.17 (17%). Note that the above formula is based on the rather unreasonable assumption that the movement and contact patterns of individuals will not change even if the infection spreads and the herd immunity rate increases.

[0004] The basic reproduction number R0 can be expressed as follows: R0 = β × k × D β: Probability of infection per contact k: The average number of times a person comes into contact with other people (= uninfected people) in a group per unit time D: Average infection period

[0005] The basic reproduction number R0 is defined as the average number of people that an infected person directly infects during the infectious period when he or she joins a group (society) where no one is immune. By definition, in a state where there are "almost no infected people around," if R0=1 for the group (society) in question, the disease is in a steady state, if R0<1, the disease is converging, and if R0>1, the disease is spreading. R0 depends not only on the nature of the virus, but also on the nature of the group in question (racial makeup, state, state of public health, health state of each individual, etc.). It is believed that R0 can be reduced for all viruses by improving public health.

[0006] That is, the following is valid: Reduce β: Boost your immunity, wear a mask, and wash your hands. Reducing k: Implementing telecommuting, telecommuting, avoiding the 3 Cs, and maintaining social distance. By creating a social state in which β and k are reduced, R0 is reduced and Pc is reduced. The lockdown state can also be said to be a state in which,β,k,is extremely reduced.

[0007] The effective reproduction number Re is defined as the average number of people that an infected person will directly infect during the infection period when they join a group once the infection has spread to a certain extent in society (= the stage when herd immunity has reached a certain level). For example, in the case of a group with a herd immunity rate of 20%, the above k is effectively 80% (since 20% of the people who come into contact with the infected person will be immune), and Re = 0.8R0.

[0008] The effective reproduction number (Rt), like the basic reproduction number (R0), can be conveniently expressed as follows: Rt = β × k × D β: Probability of infection per contact with an uninfected person k: The number of times an infected person comes into contact with uninfected people in a population per day D: Days of infection The following measures are believed to be effective in bringing the infection under control (achieving Rt<1): Reducing β: Wearing masks, washing hands, improving immunity, etc. Reducing k: Introduction of telecommuting and telecommuting, maintaining social distance, increasing the number of people with immunity (improving herd immunity rate), etc.

[0009] If all citizens wore masks that could completely block viruses when going out, we could create a society in which the basic reproduction number, R0, for all viruses was zero.

[0010] When the risk of the virus spreading is predicted, if a sufficient number of people wear masks that completely block the virus, it will be possible to bring the basic reproduction number (R0) and effective reproduction number (Rt) in that society to sufficiently small values ​​below 1, and bring the infection under control.

[0011] An uninfected person wearing a "mask that can completely block the virus" will not become infected with the virus, nor will they transmit the virus to others, just like a cured immune person. In other words, as the proportion of uninfected people wearing a "mask that can completely block the virus" increases, the above k will decrease accordingly. This can also be interpreted as a decrease in the above β (probability of infection per contact with an uninfected person) because an "infected person wearing a mask according to the present invention" will be unable to expel the virus to the outside, or the virus will be unable to invade an "uninfected person wearing a mask according to the present invention."

[0012] Regular masks available on the market have problems with the better the filter performance and the less air leakage (air leakage rate) they have, the more difficult it is to breathe through them, making them suffocating and difficult and dangerous to wear for long periods of time. It has been confirmed that with many of the inexpensive nonwoven masks available on the market, when worn normally, the majority of the exhaled air passes through the gap between the mask and the face without penetrating the nonwoven fabric, making them almost ineffective in preventing the entry of viruses from the air.

[0013] Powered air-purifying respirators have been developed for medical use where strict infection control measures are required, but they are large and bulky, the noise inside the mask (hood, helmet) is terrible, and wearing them for long periods of time is mentally distressing due to the sense of pressure they cause.

[0014] There are no products, technologies or ideas for a mask that completely blocks viruses, is easy to breathe through and is lightweight to wear.

[0015] The following are some related documents: Patent Document 1: JP 2016-209698 A Patent Document 1 relates to an interface structure placed at the entrance to the wearer's airway (nostrils), and can also be used in combination with the present invention. Patent Document 2: JP2018-083102 Patent Document 2 relates to a mask system that can be adapted to fit a wide range of wearers without providing components of various sizes, and can also be used in combination with the present invention.

[0016] Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0017] The objective of this project is to provide an ultra-lightweight, full-face helmet-type mask that completely blocks viruses. In particular, the objective is to simultaneously achieve the following four objectives at a high level. * Completely blocks viruses * Lightweight body * Easy breathing * Low manufacturing costs [Means for solving the problem]

[0018] In order to achieve the above object, the air supply device may be characterized by controlling the inside of the airtight helmet to a positive pressure and / or controlling the supply air flow rate to a constant level. It may be characterized in that one or more of the pump on the air supply side, the pump on the exhaust side, the valve on the air supply side, and the valve on the exhaust side are controlled based on the pressure measurement value in the airtight helmet and / or the air flow rate measurement value in the helmet. The pressure and / or flow rate of the helmet may be controlled in accordance with the timing of breathing. It may be characterized by inserting an ultraviolet irradiation device and / or a plasma generation device in the middle of the air intake tube and / or the exhaust tube. The device may be characterized by inserting an oxygen supply device and / or a carbon dioxide removal device into the air supply tube. The system may be characterized in that the helmet part for a helmet-type mask with an intake and exhaust control function can be connected to an external intake and exhaust service port instead of to a backpack part.

[0019] The invention related to claim 4 is characterized in that the helmet part of a helmet-type mask with an intake and exhaust control function is replaced with an airtight space. The invention related to claim 1 is characterized by feedback control of the pump rotation speed so as to keep the flow rate constant in controlling the pump on the supply side and the valve on the exhaust side, and similarly feedback control of the valve opening so as to keep the pressure inside the helmet constant. The invention related to claim 2, in controlling the intake and exhaust pumps and / or intake and exhaust valves, pre-adjusts the rotation speed of the two pumps and / or the valve opening to a constant value so that the flow rate is constant, and similarly pre-adjusts the difference in the rotation speed of the two pumps and / or the difference in the valve opening to a constant value so that the pressure inside the helmet is constant.It is also characterized by feedback control being performed to correct the flow rate with the rotation speed and / or valve opening of one pump in response to fluctuations from the set value, and feedback control being performed to correct the pressure inside the helmet with the rotation speed and / or valve opening of the other pump.

[0020] The invention related to claim 3 is characterized in that, in controlling the intake and exhaust pumps and / or the intake and exhaust valves, the amount of air intake is controlled by feedback control of the sum of the rotation speeds of the two pumps and / or the sum of the openings of the two valves, and the pressure inside the helmet is controlled by feedback control of the difference in the rotation speeds of the two pumps and / or the difference in the openings of the two valves. The invention related to claim 5 is characterized by making the walls of the airtight helmet near the mouth and / or ears lighter. The invention related to claim 6 is characterized by using sound-absorbing material as part of the helmet structure. The invention related to claim 7 is characterized by incorporating a noise canceling device near the operating sound source of the air supply device in the helmet part and / or the backpack part, and / or in the air supply tube and / or the exhaust tube. The invention related to claim 8 is characterized by having a glove for manual operation built into the inside of the helmet.

[0021] The invention related to claim 9 is characterized by incorporating a virtual reality screen into the helmet section. The invention related to claim 10 is characterized by having an intake and exhaust port that takes into consideration the air flow caused by the wearer's breathing inside the airtight helmet. The invention related to claim 11 is characterized by having a small storage compartment built into the inside of the airtight helmet section.

[0022] The invention related to claim 12 is characterized by incorporating a device that safely replenishes moisture even if the outer surface of the airtight helmet becomes contaminated. The invention related to claim 13 is characterized by storing a rod that can touch the head inside the airtight helmet. Effect of the Invention

[0023] In this invention, by maintaining a slight positive pressure inside the helmet, the helmet (transparent dome) can be made from a lightweight, flexible transparent resin material. Also, by maintaining a slight positive pressure inside the helmet, it is possible to completely prevent outside air from entering through the neck seal. This makes it possible to block the entry of viruses almost 100%. Although the leakage of viruses to the outside depends on the degree of "air leakage" from the neck seal, a much higher level of blocking can be achieved compared to normal masks. By forcing air in and out using a pump / fan (blower), it is possible to use thick filters on the intake and exhaust sides. Adding virus killing functions (ultraviolet rays, plasma, etc.) to piping (tubes) and pressure buffers is particularly effective in completely blocking viruses. To kill viruses in the air supplied to the helmet, it is effective to install a virus killing device (ultraviolet rays irradiation device, plasma generator, etc.) in the supply pressure buffer. To kill viruses in the air exhausted to the outside, it is effective to install a virus killing device (ultraviolet rays irradiation device, plasma generator, ozone generator, etc.) in the exhaust pressure buffer.

[0024] By creating a flow of clean air inside the helmet, it becomes possible to breathe clean air with a natural breathing motion. The pump, pressure buffer, and solenoid control valve housed in the backpack provide forced air supply and exhaust, so breathing is not hindered even when a powerful filter with extremely high flow resistance is inserted. Air is supplied and exhausted by the wearer's breathing action, creating a state where there is absolutely no breathlessness like that felt when wearing a paper mask or medical mask. For the filter section, it is ideal to use a combination of dust collection filters and deodorizing filters that are also used in commercially available air purifiers. As dust collection filters, HEPA filters, ULPA filters, and ultra-ULPA filters, which have high capture capabilities for viruses, pollen, house dust, etc., are suitable.

[0025] The skirt portion is preferably made of a stretchy airtight fabric or a thin rubber material, and the neck seal portion is preferably made of a stretchy rubber material or a sponge material. It is also preferable that the neck seal portion of the skirt be attached and detached with Velcro. It is also preferable that the skirt portion be made of a neck ring for a dry suit or a similar shape and material.

[0026] When moving from the contaminated outdoors into a clean room, it is possible to go through an airlock booth. In the airlock booth, clean air is circulated and ultraviolet rays and disinfectants (such as alcohol) are sprayed. In airlock booths where disinfectants are used, it is preferable to provide a service air intake that connects to the mask's air intake tube so that fresh air is supplied directly from outside the mask. This will prevent air from the booth containing the disinfectant from entering the mask when the disinfectant is sprayed inside the airlock booth. It is preferable to provide a service air inlet that connects to the air supply tube of the mask at each seat of a vehicle (car, bus, train, airplane, etc.) or facility (office, conference room, theater, movie theater, etc.) so that clean air with adjusted temperature, humidity, and composition can be supplied to the inside of the mask, in order to provide a more comfortable, cleaner, and quieter environment inside the mask.

[0027] By replacing the helmet portion with an airtight suit, the present invention can be made into a clean air supply device for the whole body. By replacing the helmet portion with an entire airtight room or an entire airtight house, the present invention can be made into a clean air supply device for a room or a clean air supply device for a house, respectively. By replacing the helmet portion with an airtight stroller or an airtight bed, the present invention can be made into a clean air supply device for a stroller or a bed, respectively. This invention allows the wearer to perform hand-operated tasks, such as wiping sweat and blowing their nose, while still wearing the airtight helmet. The wearer can also scratch their head with a stick stored inside the mask. This invention uses a video projection device and audio device to enable users to watch movies, play games, experience virtual reality, use augmented reality to assist with work, and make calls via smartphone while wearing a mask.

[0028] The present invention can suppress the rise in carbon dioxide concentration and prevent bad breath by taking breathing into consideration when inhaling and exhaling. The present invention allows the wearer to ingest food or medicine stored inside the mask while still wearing it. Even if the outer surface of the mask is contaminated, you can drink from an external water bottle without worrying about contamination. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0029] [Figure 1] The embodiment shown in Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the basic structure of a helmet-type mask with an intake and exhaust control function based on the present invention. [Diagram 2] The embodiment shown in Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the helmet part of a helmet-type mask with an intake and exhaust control function based on the present invention. [Diagram 3] The embodiment shown in Figure 3 is a schematic diagram showing the air flow inside the helmet part of a helmet-type mask with an intake and exhaust control function based on the present invention. [Figure 4]The embodiment shown in Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the backpack part of a helmet-type mask with an intake and exhaust control function based on the present invention. [Diagram 5] The embodiment shown in Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of an advanced version of the basic configuration of a helmet-type mask with an intake and exhaust control function based on the present invention. [Figure 6] The embodiment shown in Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of a case where a breathing sensor (micro-differential pressure sensor) is installed in a helmet-type mask with an intake and exhaust control function based on the present invention. [Figure 7] The embodiment shown in Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment in which a virus killing device is added to a helmet-type mask with an intake and exhaust control function based on the present invention. [Figure 8] The embodiment shown in Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment in which an air composition adjustment device is added to a helmet-type mask with an intake and exhaust control function based on the present invention. [Figure 9] The embodiment shown in Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment in which the helmet part of a helmet-type mask with an intake and exhaust control function based on the present invention can be connected to an intake and exhaust service port installed on a seat. [Figure 10] The embodiment shown in FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment in which the helmet part of a helmet-type mask with an intake and exhaust control function based on the present invention is replaced with an airtight stroller.

[0030] [Figure 11] The embodiment shown in FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a control block diagram (basic configuration) of a helmet-type mask with an intake and exhaust control function based on the present invention. [Figure 12] The embodiment shown in FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a control block diagram (development 1) of a helmet-type mask with an intake and exhaust control function based on the present invention. [Figure 13] The embodiment shown in FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a control block diagram (developed version 2) of a helmet-type mask with an intake and exhaust control function based on the present invention. [Figure 14]The embodiment shown in FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of an example of the configuration of an advanced feedback controller C1 for a helmet-type mask with an intake and exhaust control function based on the present invention. [Figure 15] The embodiment shown in FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment in which a lightweight material is used near the mouth and ears of a helmet-type mask with an intake and exhaust control function based on the present invention. [Figure 16] The embodiment shown in FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment in which sound absorbing material is installed in the helmet part of a helmet-type mask with an intake and exhaust control function based on the present invention. [Figure 17] The embodiment shown in FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment in which a noise canceling device is attached to the helmet part of a helmet-type mask with an intake and exhaust control function based on the present invention. [Figure 18] The embodiment shown in FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment in which a glove is built into the helmet part of a helmet-type mask with an intake and exhaust control function based on the present invention. [Figure 19] The embodiment shown in FIG. 19 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment in which a virtual reality screen and an audio device are built into the helmet part of a helmet-type mask with an intake and exhaust control function based on the present invention.

[0031] [Figure 20] The embodiment shown in FIG. 20 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the layout of the intake and exhaust ports in the helmet part of a helmet-type mask with an intake and exhaust control function based on the present invention, taking into consideration the flow of breath. [Figure 21] The embodiment shown in FIG. 21 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment in which an inner helmet pocket is installed in the helmet part of a helmet-type mask with an intake and exhaust control function based on the present invention. [Figure 22] The embodiment shown in FIG. 22 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment in which a water supply device is installed on the flange of a helmet-type mask with an intake and exhaust control function based on the present invention. [Figure 23] The embodiment shown in FIG. 23 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment in which a head stimulation rod is installed in the helmet part of a helmet-type mask with an intake and exhaust control function based on the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS EXAMPLES

[0032] Example 1 shown in FIG. 1 is an embodiment of the present invention. In Example 1, the output of the intake pump and the opening (flow path resistance) of the exhaust valve are controlled so that the following conditions are satisfied. Condition 1: Maintain the flow rate in the exhaust tube within a certain range (70 L / min ± 20 L / min). Condition 2: The pressure inside the helmet must be kept within a certain range (+0.03 atm ±0.02 atm) relative to the outside air pressure. The flow rate in the exhaust tube is measured by a flow sensor installed midway along the exhaust tube. The pressure inside the helmet is measured as the differential pressure with the outside air pressure by a pressure sensor (differential pressure sensor) installed inside the helmet.

[0033] The basic configuration of the present invention, as shown in Figure 1, consists of a helmet section and a backpack section. The helmet section and backpack section are connected by an air supply tube, an exhaust tube, and a cable for a pressure sensor. Static pressure is applied to the air from the outside by the air supply pump installed in the backpack section, and after fine particles are removed by a filter, the air is sent to the helmet section through the air supply tube. The air from the helmet section passes through the exhaust tube, flow sensor, and exhaust valve, and is released to the outside. The controller controls the output of the air supply pump and the opening amount (flow resistance) of the exhaust valve so that the pressure inside the helmet and the flow rate of the air flowing inside the helmet are both within a specified range. The pressure inside the helmet is measured by a pressure sensor, and the flow rate of the air flowing inside the helmet is measured by a flow sensor installed midway along the exhaust tube. A battery (power source) is also installed in the backpack section.

[0034] Figure 2 shows a schematic diagram of the helmet part of the "helmet-type mask with forced intake and exhaust function" based on this invention. The "helmet part" consists of a "transparent dome part" made of a thin and transparent resin material, a "skirt part" made of an elastic and airtight airtight seal material, a detachable "flange part" that airtightly connects the dome part and the skirt part, a "neck seal part" that airtightly attaches the skirt part to the wearer's neck, and a "detachable connector part" for the air supply tube and the exhaust tube. The construction of the back of the helmet part from a soft and easily deformable material is preferable in that it allows the wearer to recline and take a comfortable position. The "transparent dome part" and "skirt part" are designed to be detachable at the "flange part", making it easy to put on and take off the helmet part, and also allowing efficient cleaning and disinfection work before and after use.

[0035] It is preferable that the helmet be equipped with gloves, as in a glove box, so that the wearer can insert his or her hands into the helmet. In addition, to safely insert and remove items from the outside, it is preferable that the helmet be equipped with various feedthroughs and / or a vacuum airlock, as in the glove boxes often used in scientific experiments.

[0036] In the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the helmet portion is made of a uniform transparent resin material, but it can be manufactured by combining various materials according to the environment in which it will be used. For example, if it is desired to protect the wearer's head against impact, it may be made of a strong structure and material with excellent impact resistance, such as a motorcycle helmet or a helmet for construction work. If it is desired to block ultraviolet rays, an ultraviolet reflective film may be vapor-deposited onto the surface. Also, for the purpose of protecting privacy, it may be made partially opaque. In order to ensure a clear field of vision in cases such as when the external environment is hot and humid, it may be treated with an anti-fogging process. Also, the portion of the helmet that is within the field of vision may be made of a double film structure, and condensation (fogging) may be prevented by flowing hot gas inside the helmet to raise the temperature of the portion of the helmet that is within the field of vision.

[0037] Figure 3 shows a schematic diagram of the air flow inside the helmet of the "helmet-type mask with forced intake and exhaust function" based on this invention. In this embodiment, the air flow is adjusted so that the air supplied from the air supply tube spreads throughout the entire helmet and is then exhausted from the exhaust tube. Although not shown in the figure, it is preferable to adjust the direction of the air flow by installing louvers or variable nozzles at the air supply and exhaust ports inside the helmet. The helmet may have a double shell structure, with air being introduced into the helmet and being supplied from the entire surface of the part inside the helmet made of porous material, etc. Similarly, the helmet may have a double shell structure, with air being exhausted from the entire surface of the part inside the helmet made of porous material, etc.

[0038] Figure 4 shows a schematic diagram of the backpack part of the "helmet-type mask with forced intake and exhaust function" based on this invention. The backpack part is a backpack worn on the back with the necessary parts built into it. The backpack part may also be a waist pouch with the necessary parts built into it. The backpack part may also be a jumper (jacket) with the necessary parts built into it. The only part attached to the backpack part is the battery, and the other parts may be attached directly to the helmet part. Also, if it is sufficient to wear it for a short time, the backpack part may be eliminated and all parts may be attached directly to the helmet part.

[0039] As a simpler example, controlling the output of the intake pump and / or the opening amount (flow resistance) of the exhaust valve based on the measurement value of a pressure sensor inside the helmet is preferable for providing an inexpensive product. Similarly, controlling the output of the intake pump and / or the opening amount (flow resistance) of the exhaust valve based on the measurement value of a flow sensor installed midway through the exhaust tube is preferable for providing an inexpensive product. EXAMPLES

[0040] Example 2 shown in FIG. 5 is an example of the present invention. In Example 2, one or more of the pump on the air supply side, the pump on the exhaust side, the valve on the air supply side, and the valve on the exhaust side are controlled based on the pressure measurement value inside the airtight helmet and / or the air flow measurement value inside the helmet. By providing pressure buffers on both the air supply side and the exhaust side, pressure fluctuations inside the helmet accompanying the breathing cycle can be more effectively suppressed. In addition, when the carbon dioxide concentration reaches a certain level based on the measurement value of the carbon dioxide concentration sensor (CO2 sensor), it is preferable to increase the flow target value and / or to issue an alarm in order to more reliably ensure the safety of the wearer. As a method of issuing an alarm, a speaker is provided in the backpack and emits a buzzer sound, and / or an LED is provided on the surface of the backpack or within the field of vision of the helmet wearer and flashes or lights up.

[0041] In this invention, by maintaining a slight positive pressure inside the helmet, the helmet (transparent dome) can be made from a lightweight, flexible transparent resin material. Also, by maintaining a slight positive pressure inside the helmet, it is possible to completely prevent outside air from entering through the neck seal. This makes it possible to block the entry of viruses almost 100%. Although the leakage of viruses to the outside depends on the degree of "air leakage" from the neck seal, a much higher level of blocking can be achieved compared to normal masks. By forcing air in and out using a pump / fan (blower), it is possible to use thick filters on the intake and exhaust sides.

[0042] Suitable pumps for the intake and exhaust sides include pumps (cyclone pumps, centrifugal pumps, propeller pumps, rotary pumps) and blowers (centrifugal fans, propeller fans). Suitable specifications are a flow rate of about 50 L / min to 200 L / min and a maximum static pressure of about 0.01 to 0.1 atm.

[0043] Adding virus killing functions (ultraviolet rays, plasma, etc.) to piping (tubes) and pressure buffers is particularly effective in completely blocking viruses. To kill viruses in the air supplied to the helmet, it is effective to install a virus killing device (ultraviolet rays irradiation device, plasma generator, etc.) in the supply pressure buffer. To kill viruses in the air exhausted to the outside, it is effective to install a virus killing device (ultraviolet rays irradiation device, plasma generator, ozone generator, etc.) in the exhaust pressure buffer.

[0044] By creating a flow of clean air inside the helmet, it becomes possible to breathe clean air with a natural breathing motion that does not put extra strain on the lungs.

[0045] In order to prevent echoes inside the helmet, it is effective to attach sound absorbing material and / or install a sound absorbing structure near the head and back of the head on the inner wall of the helmet. In order to prevent echoes inside the helmet, it is also effective to install noise canceling inside the helmet. In order to transmit the wearer's voice to the outside with little distortion and loss, it is effective to use low-density, thin materials and structures for the materials and structures around the helmet's mouth. In order to transmit the wearer's voice to the outside, it is effective to use low-density, thin materials and structures for the materials and structures around the helmet's mouth. In order to transmit sound from outside to the wearer's ears with little distortion and loss, it is effective to use low-density, thin materials and structures for the materials and structures around the helmet's ears.

[0046] In order to prevent noise from intake fans and exhaust fans, it is effective to attach sound-absorbing material and / or install sound-absorbing structures to the inside of the intake tube (including the intake buffer) and the exhaust tube (including the exhaust buffer), respectively.In order to prevent noise from intake fans and exhaust fans, it is particularly effective to insert noise-canceling devices into the intake tube (including the intake buffer) and the exhaust tube (including the exhaust buffer), respectively.

[0047] The pump, pressure buffer, and solenoid control valve housed in the backpack provide forced air supply and exhaust, so breathing is not hindered even when a powerful filter with extremely high flow resistance is inserted. Air is supplied and exhausted by the wearer's breathing action, creating a state where there is absolutely no breathlessness like that felt when wearing a paper mask or medical mask. For the filter section, it is ideal to use a combination of dust collection filters and deodorizing filters that are also used in commercially available air purifiers. As dust collection filters, HEPA filters, ULPA filters, and ultra-ULPA filters, which have high capture capabilities for viruses, pollen, house dust, etc., are suitable.

[0048] The skirt portion is preferably made of a stretchy airtight fabric or a thin rubber material, and the neck seal portion is preferably made of a stretchy rubber material or a sponge material. It is also preferable that the neck seal portion of the skirt be attached and detached with Velcro. It is also preferable that the skirt portion be made of a neck ring for a dry suit or a similar shape and material. EXAMPLES

[0049] Example 3 shown in FIG. 6 is an example related to the present invention. Example 3 shown in FIG. 6 is an example characterized in that the pressure and / or flow rate of the helmet part is controlled in accordance with the timing of breathing. In Example 3, a breathing sensor (micro-differential pressure sensor) installed near the nostrils inside the helmet detects breathing movements (exhalation and inhalation), and the flow rate and pressure are controlled based on that information. During "inhalation", the pressure target value and / or flow rate target value are set higher. Higher internal pressure makes it easier to "inhale". Setting the flow rate target value higher allows more fresh air to be inhaled. During "exhalation", the pressure target value is set lower and / or the flow rate target value is set higher. Setting the internal pressure slightly lower makes it easier to "exhale". Setting the flow rate target value higher allows the exhaled breath to be exhaled more smoothly.

[0050] It is preferable to install louvers whose direction can be variably controlled at the air intake and exhaust ports inside the helmet and control them as follows to achieve more efficient breathing. When inhaling: Adjust the louver angle so that the intake airflow is directed toward the wearer's nose. Adjust the louver angle so that the exhaust airflow comes from a location farther away from the wearer's nose. When exhaling: Adjust the louver angle so that the intake airflow is directed away from the wearer's nose. Adjust the louver angle so that the exhaust airflow is directed away from the wearer's nose. EXAMPLES

[0051] Example 4 shown in FIG. 7 is an example related to the present invention. Example 4 shown in FIG. 7 is an example characterized in that a virus killing device is added to a helmet-type mask with an intake and exhaust control function. Examples of virus killing devices and virus destruction devices include infrared irradiation devices, plasma ion generators, ozone generators, high-voltage sterilizers, corona discharge sterilizers, heat sterilizers, and chemical sprayers. By placing the virus killing device on the air intake side, the air sent into the helmet can be made safe and free of active viruses. By placing the virus killing device on the exhaust side, the air exhausted from this device (helmet-type mask with intake and exhaust control function) can be made safe and free of active viruses. The "plasma ion generator" is assumed to be one built into commercially available air purifiers, such as "Sharp's Plasmacluster ion generator" and "Panasonic's nanoe generator."

[0052] In the embodiment shown in Figure 7, a temperature and humidity adjustment device is installed on the air intake side. Clean air with adjusted temperature and humidity, in addition to air composition, is supplied to the helmet. When there is a large difference between the outside air temperature and the temperature inside the helmet, it is preferable to use a "heat exchange unit" that exchanges heat between the air intake tube and the exhaust tube. EXAMPLES

[0053] The fifth embodiment shown in FIG. 8 is an embodiment related to the present invention. The fifth embodiment shown in FIG. 8 is an embodiment characterized in that an air composition adjustment device is added to a helmet-type mask with an intake and exhaust control function. Examples of the air composition adjustment device include a carbon dioxide adsorption and removal device, an oxygen generation device, a carbon monoxide removal device, and a toxic gas removal device. A carbon dioxide adsorption and removal device is preferably a carbon dioxide adsorption canister (lithium hydroxide can). Examples of the oxygen generation and concentration device are small, lightweight, and low-cost oxygen gas cylinders, as well as oxygen generation devices (nitrogen adsorption devices) using zeolite. Examples of the carbon monoxide removal device are carbon monoxide oxidation removal devices using a CO selective oxidation removal catalyst. It is also preferable to install removal devices for various toxic gases. Various gases are measured by sensors that measure their concentrations. FIG. 8 shows an embodiment in which a carbon dioxide concentration sensor and an oxygen concentration sensor are installed in the middle of the intake tube downstream of the intake filter and in the middle of the exhaust tube upstream of the exhaust filter.

[0054] In the fifth embodiment shown in FIG. 8, if the measured value of the carbon dioxide concentration in the air intake tube exceeds 1000 ppm, the "flow path switching valve" switches the intake air to flow through the carbon dioxide adsorption device. If the measured value of the carbon dioxide concentration in the air intake tube falls below 600 ppm, the "flow path switching valve" switches the intake air to flow through the "normal flow path" that does not pass through the carbon dioxide adsorption device.

[0055] In the fifth embodiment shown in FIG. 8, if the measured oxygen concentration in the air supply tube falls below 18%, the air supply is switched to flow through the oxygen generator, and the "oxygen generator" is activated to increase the oxygen concentration of the air flowing through the flow path. If the measured oxygen concentration in the air supply tube falls below 18%, the air supply is switched to flow through the oxygen generator.

[0056] In the embodiment, the measured values ​​of the oxygen concentration and carbon dioxide concentration in the exhaust tube are used to monitor the occurrence of abnormalities. If the oxygen concentration in the exhaust tube falls below 16% or the carbon dioxide concentration in the exhaust tube exceeds 1200 ppm, it is determined to be an abnormality and an emergency situation is put into place. An alarm sounds and the alarm lamp turns on, and the flow rate is increased, carbon dioxide is removed, and oxygen is generated. EXAMPLES

[0057] Example 6 shown in Figure 9 is an example related to the present invention. Example 6 shown in Figure 9 is an example characterized by the fact that the helmet part of a helmet-type mask with intake and exhaust control functions is a system that can be connected to an external intake and exhaust service port. In the figure, the air supply tube and exhaust tube are shown as an intake and exhaust tube that is combined, but in reality, the sensor signal line, power supply line, etc. are also combined and connected from the helmet part to the armrest. It is preferable that the air supply tube, exhaust tube, signal line, power supply line, etc. be combined into a single shape, and it is also preferable that the detachable connector be an integrated type.

[0058] When entering a clean room from the contaminated outdoors, it is considered to go through an airlock booth. In the airlock booth, dust from clothing is removed by a clean air shower, and attached viruses, bacteria, etc. are killed or inactivated by ultraviolet light or spraying with a disinfectant (alcohol, etc.). In the type of airlock booth where disinfectants are used, it is preferable to provide a service air intake port connected to the mask's air supply tube so that fresh air can be supplied directly from outside the mask. This prevents the air in the booth containing the disinfectant from entering the mask when the disinfectant is sprayed in the airlock booth. In addition, in order to increase safety, it is preferable to install a storage unit with a built-in virus killing device such as ultraviolet light irradiation in the airlock booth so that the removed mask set can be disinfected while being stored.

[0059] It is preferable to provide a service air inlet that connects to the air supply tube of the mask at each seat of a vehicle (car, bus, train, airplane, etc.) or facility (office, conference room, theater, movie theater, etc.) so that clean air with adjusted temperature, humidity, and composition can be supplied to the inside of the mask, in order to provide a more comfortable, cleaner, and quieter environment inside the mask. It is also preferable to provide a service exhaust port that connects to the exhaust tube of the mask at each seat so that the air exhausted from the mask can be discharged outside, in order to realize a safer indoor environment with a lower virus concentration. EXAMPLES

[0060] Example 7 shown in Figure 10 is an example related to the present invention. Example 7 shown in Figure 10 shows an example in which the helmet part of the "helmet-type mask with intake and exhaust control function" is replaced with an airtight stroller covered with airtight cloth. In this example, the backpack part is installed under the "basket part of the stroller." In order to care for the baby by hand from the outside, it is preferable to provide gloves, as with a glove box. Also, in order to safely take items in and out of the outside, it is preferable to provide a vacuum airlock, as with a glove box.

[0061] By replacing the helmet portion with an airtight suit, the present invention can be made into a clean air supply device for the whole body. By replacing the helmet portion with an airtight room or an airtight house, the present invention can be made into a clean air supply device for a room or a clean air supply device for a house, respectively. By replacing the helmet portion with an airtight stroller or an airtight bed, the present invention can be made into a clean air supply device for a stroller or a bed, respectively. Similarly, it is effective to apply the present invention as an airtight structure to each seat on a bus or airplane, or to each guest room in a hotel or cruise ship. EXAMPLES

[0062] Example 8 shown in Figure 11 is an example of claim 1. FIG. 11 is a block diagram of the basic configuration of the control system according to this embodiment. The control system according to this embodiment includes a controlled object and a feedback controller. The controlled object is a helmet equipped with one pump, one valve, a flowmeter, and a pressure gauge. The input (also called control input) for the pump is, for example, a constant voltage on-off ratio (called duty) signal, and for the valve, it is the valve opening. The output (also called control amount) is the flow rate Q obtained from the flowmeter and the pressure P obtained from the pressure gauge. Feedback controller 1 controls the pump's duty so that the flowmeter output Q coincides with its set value Q*, and feedback controller 2 controls the valve opening so that the pressure gauge output P coincides with its set value P*. Alternatively, the valve opening may be used to control the flow rate Q, and the pump's duty may be used to control the pressure P. The two controllers may be designed using classical control theory or modern control theory.

[0063] The control device of this embodiment has the following advantages, for example. However, the control device of this embodiment is not necessarily limited to a device that has all of the following advantages. To control the flow rate and pressure to the set values, the pump and valve are directly controlled using two feedback controllers based on the measured values ​​of the flow meter and pressure meter, enabling highly accurate control of the flow rate and pressure. EXAMPLES

[0064] Example 9 shown in FIG. 12 is an example of claim 2. FIG. 12 is a block diagram of an advanced version (referred to as advanced version 1) of the basic configuration of the control system according to this embodiment. The control system according to this embodiment includes a controlled object and a feedback controller. The controlled object is a helmet equipped with two pumps, two valves, a flow meter, and a pressure gauge, and its control input is, for example, a duty signal that drives the two pumps. The output (also called a controlled variable) is the flow rate Q and pressure P obtained from the flow meter and pressure gauge. For the control of the flow rate Q, the rotation speeds of pumps 1 and 2 (or the openings of valves 1 and 2) are adjusted in advance so that it becomes the set value Q*. For the control of the pressure P, the difference between the rotation speeds of pumps 1 and 2 (or the difference between the openings of valves 1 and 2) is adjusted in advance so that it becomes the set value P*. These two adjusted values ​​are used as offset signals (referred to as u1 and u2, respectively) of the duty signal (or valve opening signal), and are added to the outputs of feedback controllers 1 and 2, respectively. For fluctuations due to breathing, helmet deformation, etc., Compensation is performed using two feedback controllers. Feedback controller 1 takes the flow rate tracking error as input, and adds its output to u1 to obtain the Duty1 signal (or valve 1 opening signal), which drives pump 1 (or valve 1). Feedback controller 2 takes the pressure tracking error as input, and adds its output to u2 to obtain the Duty2 signal (or valve 2 opening signal), which drives pump 2 (or valve 2). The two controllers may be designed using classical control theory or modern control theory.

[0065] The control device of this embodiment has the following advantages, for example. However, the control device of this embodiment is not necessarily limited to a device that has all of the following advantages. To maintain constant flow rate and pressure, the rotational speeds (or valve openings) of the two pumps and the difference between those rotational speeds (or the difference between valve openings) are adjusted in advance, but any errors from the set values ​​are compensated for by subtracting or adding through control by two feedback controllers, allowing for quick and highly accurate control of flow rate and pressure. EXAMPLES

[0066] Example 10 shown in FIG. 13 is an example of claim 3. FIG. 13 is a block diagram of an advanced version (referred to as advanced version 1) of the basic configuration of the control system according to this embodiment. The control system according to this embodiment includes a controlled object and a feedback controller. The controlled object is a helmet equipped with two pumps, two valves, a flow meter, and a pressure gauge, and the control input is, for example, a duty signal that drives the two pumps. The output (also called the controlled variable) is the flow rate Q and pressure P obtained from the flow meter and pressure gauge. The flow rate Q is controlled by the set value Q* The rotation speeds of pumps 1 and 2 (or the openings of valves 1 and 2) are adjusted in advance so that the pressure P is set to the set value P*. For the control of pressure P, the difference in the rotation speeds of pumps 1 and 2 (or the difference in the openings of valves 1 and 2) is adjusted in advance so that the pressure P is set to the set value P*. These two adjusted values ​​are used as offset signals (u1 and u2, respectively) for the duty signal (or valve opening signal), and are added to the outputs of feedback controller 1 and feedback controller 2, respectively. For fluctuations due to breathing, helmet deformation, etc., Compensation is performed using two feedback controllers. Feedback controller 1 takes the flow rate tracking error as input, and adds its output to u1 to produce the Duty1 signal (or valve 1 opening signal), which drives pump 1 (or valve 1). Feedback controller 2 takes the pressure tracking error as input, and adds its output to u2 to produce the Duty2 signal (or valve 2 opening signal), which drives pump 2 (or valve 2). The two controllers may be designed using classical control theory or modern control theory. Figure 14 shows an example of the configuration of an advanced feedback controller C1.

[0067] The control device of this embodiment has the following advantages, for example. However, the control device of this embodiment is not necessarily limited to a device that has all of the following advantages. To maintain constant flow rate and pressure, the rotational speeds (or valve openings) of the two pumps and the difference between those rotational speeds (or the difference between valve openings) are adjusted in advance, but any errors from the set values ​​are compensated for by subtracting or adding through control by two feedback controllers, allowing for quick and highly accurate control of flow rate and pressure. EXAMPLES

[0068] Example 11 shown in Figure 15 is an example of claim 5. The material of the walls that make up the airtight helmet must be non-permeable or have little permeability, and the walls must be strong enough not to break under static pressure. On the other hand, if the wall thickness is increased or a heavy material is used to make the airtight helmet stronger, the sound insulation performance will be high. This can cause problems such as making it difficult to hear outside sounds and making it difficult for the voice or sound made by the helmet wearer to be transmitted to the outside. Furthermore, there is a problem that the voice or sound made reverberates inside the airtight helmet, making it unpleasant. It is known that the sound insulation performance of walls made of a uniform material with no permeability follows the mass law, and the heavier the wall, the more high-frequency sounds are blocked. To solve this problem and create a natural sound environment, as in Example 11 shown in Figure 15, the walls of the airtight helmet near the mouth and / or ears are made light by using a non-ventilated resin, rubber, or cloth with a plate thickness of 10μm to 5mm and a specific gravity of 0.1 to 3, so that static pressure does not pass through the wall but the dynamic pressure of sound waves can pass through. As an alternative to these resins, rubber, or cloths, a non-ventilated metal thin film with a plate thickness of 1μm to 1mm and a specific gravity of 1 to 10 may be used. This makes it easier to hear outside sounds, allows the voice and sounds made by the helmet wearer to be transmitted naturally to the outside, and also reduces unpleasant reverberations inside the helmet. EXAMPLES

[0069] The embodiment 12 shown in FIG. 16 is an embodiment of claim 6. There is a problem that the voice and sounds emitted by the person wearing the helmet reverberate inside the airtight helmet, causing discomfort. In addition, there is a problem that the operating sounds from the air supply device reverberate and amplify inside the airtight helmet, causing noise. Sound absorbing materials made of foam materials (urethane foam, melamine foam, PP foam, PE foam, styrene foam, foam metal) with a porosity of 0.2 to 0.999 and / or fiber materials (glass wool, rock wool, PET fiber, nonwoven fabric, wool) with a porosity of 0.2 to 0.999 are placed in the internal space of the airtight helmet to prevent the reverberation and amplification of sound waves. Materials other than the foam materials and fiber materials described here can also be used if they are made with a porosity in the range of 0.2 to 0.999. They should not be placed near the eyes, mouth, nose, or ears as they may interfere with vision, speech, smell, hearing, or breathing.

[0070] There is also a method to obtain sound absorption effects by making part of the wall of an airtight helmet from a porous elastic material that can form a structural member with a porosity of 0.2-0.999 and a Young's modulus of 0.0005-1000 GPa. In this case, if the porous elastic material has breathability, there is also a method to combine it with a non-breathable resin film, a non-breathable thin rubber film, a non-breathable cloth, or a non-breathable thin metal film to maintain airtightness and achieve sound absorption effects at the same time. It is also possible to install similar sound-absorbing materials in parts of the air intake tube, exhaust tube, and part of the flow path inside the backpack. There is also a method of making some of these parts from similar porous elastic materials to obtain a sound-absorbing effect. In this case, if the porous elastic material has air permeability, a similar non-air permeable film is used in combination. EXAMPLES

[0071] The embodiment 13 shown in FIG. 17 is an embodiment of claim 7. A noise canceling device is incorporated near the operating sound source of the air supply device in the helmet part and / or the backpack part, and / or in the air supply tube and / or the exhaust tube. A speaker and / or an actuator using a piezoelectric body is installed near the ears of the helmet and / or near the operating sound source of the air supply device in the backpack part. A microphone and / or a flow meter and / or a pressure meter sensor is installed near the operating sound source of the air supply device in the helmet part and / or the backpack part, and / or in the air supply tube and / or the exhaust tube. The sound pressure signal from the sensor or other signal is converted to sound pressure, and the phase is inverted in the time domain or frequency domain by a controller, and a control sound pressure is output by an actuator, thereby canceling noise from the operating sound source and / or outside the helmet. EXAMPLES

[0072] Example 14 shown in Figure 18 is an example of claim 8. One or more right- and / or left-handed gloves are incorporated into the skirt section inside the airtight helmet. The gloves are preferably made of a material with high elasticity and flexibility, such as nitrile rubber, silicone rubber, or vinyl. The gloves may be molded integrally with the skirt section using the same material, or may be made of a different material and glued to the skirt. When not in use, the gloves are flattened and stored in the skirt section so as not to get in the way. Two gloves are preferably provided at the front to touch the wearer's face and one at the back to touch the back of the head. The glove of this embodiment provides, for example, the following effects. However, the glove of this embodiment is not necessarily limited to a device that provides all of the following effects. Sweat and itchy skin that occurs on the face when wearing a helmet can be relieved by contacting the face through the glove. You can blow your nose using paper stored inside the helmet. You can ingest food or medicine stored inside the helmet. EXAMPLES

[0073] The embodiment 15 shown in FIG. 19 is an embodiment of claim 9. A concave half mirror, a projector, a speaker, and a microphone are installed inside the airtight helmet. The concave half mirror may be installed inside the helmet in front of the wearer's eyes, or may be integrated with the field of vision at the front of the helmet. A liquid crystal shutter may be installed on the surface of the half mirror opposite the wearer's eyes, so that light transmission or non-transmission can be controlled by an electric signal. The projection device is installed on the left and / or right side of the helmet. The projection device projects an image onto a virtual screen in front of the wearer. The distance to the virtual screen is adjusted by an optical system inside the projection device, and it is desirable to set it at a distance of several tens of centimeters to several meters away according to the distance to the object being watched outside the helmet. The image is displayed superimposed on the actual field of vision, or only the image of the projector is displayed by blocking outside light with a liquid crystal shutter installed in the half mirror. The image to be displayed is the sensor value of the airtight helmet, and / or the remaining battery level, and / or the operating status of the system, and / or a video signal input from an external device. The speakers are installed near the ears on the left and / or right side of the helmet. The helmet speakers play the system sound of the airtight helmet and / or play sound input from outside. The microphone is installed at the front of the helmet, near the mouth. The microphone is used for voice control of the airtight helmet and / or input to external devices. In noisy environments, it is preferable to use a bone conduction speaker as the speaker and / or a throat microphone as the microphone. It is useful to connect a smartphone as an external device. The video projection device and audio device of this embodiment provide, for example, the following effects. However, the video projection device and audio device of this embodiment are not necessarily limited to devices that provide all of the following effects. You can watch movies while wearing a mask. You can experience virtual reality. You can play games. Augmented reality allows work instructions to be displayed overlaid on the real world. By connecting to a smartphone, you can make calls while watching videos. EXAMPLES

[0074] Example 16 shown in Figure 20 is an example of claim 10. In the basic configuration of the airtight helmet, a louver capable of adjusting the air direction is installed at the air intake, and an exhaust port is installed in front of the mouth. When the wearer breathes, breath is exhaled downward from the nose, so when breathing through the mouth and / or nose, the breath after exhalation passes around the mouth. The breath is quickly exhausted to the outside of the mask through the exhaust port installed in front of the mouth. The louver installed at the air intake sends air taken in from outside towards the wearer's nose. This intake and exhaust port layout reduces the proportion of air that has been used once for breathing around the nose, and increases the proportion of air taken in from outside. The layout of the intake and exhaust ports of this embodiment provides, for example, the following effects. However, the layout of the intake and exhaust ports of this embodiment is not necessarily limited to a device that provides all of the following effects. It is possible to suppress an increase in carbon dioxide concentration inside the helmet. It is possible to reduce the discomfort caused by bad breath getting up to the nose. It is possible to suppress fogging of the mask around the nose and eyes. EXAMPLES

[0075] The seventeenth embodiment shown in FIG. 21 is an embodiment of claim 11. A bag-shaped pocket is formed in the skirt and / or flange of the airtight helmet. The material of the pocket may be the same as or different from that of the flange or skirt. The pocket may be closed with a button and / or a fastener and / or a hook-and-loop fastener, or it may not be closed. A partition may be made in the pocket so that different types of items can be stored separately. It is effective to store food, medicine, handkerchiefs, and tissues in the pocket. By utilizing the flexibility of the skirt, small items in the pocket can be moved by hand from the outside to take out and use the items in the pocket. To use the items in the pocket, the built-in glove shown in the fourteenth embodiment may be used. The pocket of this embodiment provides, for example, the following effects. However, the pocket of this embodiment is not necessarily limited to a device that provides all of the following effects. You can store food in the pocket and eat it when you are hungry. You can store oral medication in the pocket and take it at the scheduled time. You can store a handkerchief in the pocket and use it to wipe your face. You can store tissues in the pocket and use it to blow your nose. EXAMPLES

[0076] The twenty-second embodiment shown in FIG. 22 is an embodiment of claim 12. FIG. 22 shows an airtight helmet that uses a water supply device consisting of a water supply hole provided in the flange inside the helmet for passing a straw through which a beverage can be supplied from the outside, an inner lid for the hole, an outer lid for protecting the straw on the straw in the bottle body, a straw cover with tabs to prevent the straw from entering the helmet, and a spring that supports the straw cover. The inner lid inside the helmet is normally sealed by a hinge and a rubber packing that surrounds the spring inside the hinge and the hole. The straw cover The outer lid of the bar is normally sealed by a hinge and a rubber packing that surrounds the spring and hole inside the hinge. The straw cover has a hole through which the straw from the bottle body can pass, and can move up and down with the straw inserted inside. The range of movement of the straw cover is limited by a spring. The strength of the springs is set in the order of strength of the spring in the inner lid hinge part, the spring in the outer lid hinge part, and the spring supporting the straw cover. The springs may or may not be fixed to the straw cover and / or the bottle body. When filling the bottle, first hold the bottle body, insert the straw cover into the helmet's water intake hole, and push up the inner lid. When the bottle body is pushed up, the hook of the straw cover catches on the flange, pushing up the straw and opening the straw outer lid, exposing the straw inside the helmet. The exposed straw is held in the mouth and sucked up water to fill the bottle. When removing the straw, the straw cover is pressed against the flange by the spring and the straw moves down. When the straw moves down below the straw outer lid, the straw outer lid closes. When the spring is fully extended, the straw cover also moves down and is removed from the water intake hole. At the same time that the straw cover starts to move down, the inner lid also starts to close, eventually returning to a sealed state. When filling the bottle with water, only the outside of the straw cover, including the straw outer lid, comes into contact with the mask, and the liquid in the straw and bottle is kept clean. The water supply device of this embodiment has the following effects, for example. However, the water supply device of this embodiment is not necessarily limited to a device that has all of the following effects. Even if the outer surface of the mask is contaminated, the straw of the water supply bottle that the wearer's mouth touches can be inserted into the mask without contaminating the straw, so the wearer can drink safely. No complicated operations are required when supplying water, and the wearer can use it by simply pushing the bottle with one hand. EXAMPLES

[0077] The embodiment 23 shown in FIG. 23 is an embodiment of claim 13. FIG. 23 shows an embodiment of a security helmet that can store a barbed stick inside the helmet for scratching the head, which is difficult to reach. This stick is hereafter referred to as a "head scratcher." The head scratcher is a long, flat stick with rounded barbs at the tip for stimulating the skin. The stick and barbs are preferably made of nylon resin, which is highly elastic and does not damage the skin. The other end of the stick protrudes outward through a rubber slit fixed to the skirt, and the part protruding outward can be used as a handle to move the stick by utilizing the flexibility of the skirt to scratch the desired part of the head with the barbs. The rubber slit in the skirt allows the head scratcher to be inserted, removed, and replaced while preventing air leakage. The stick has a gentle bend, making it suitable for scratching an egg-shaped head. When not in use, the head scratcher can be rolled up and stored along the inner wall of the dome. The barbs at the tip may be replaced with a spatula or gauze. The stick of this embodiment has the following effects, for example. However, the stick of this embodiment is not necessarily limited to a device that has all of the following effects. This head scratcher can be used to scratch the head and relieve itchy skin. By using a spatula at the tip, medicine can be applied to the head. By using gauze at the tip, sweat can be wiped off the head. [Industrial Applicability]

[0078] This invention provides an ultra-lightweight, full-face helmet-type mask that completely blocks viruses. This invention makes it possible to simultaneously achieve four high levels of functionality: complete virus protection, lightweight body, easy breathing, and low manufacturing costs. In a situation where the new coronavirus is expected to continue mutating and remain on Earth, a "mask that can completely block viruses" is considered to be an extremely important necessity. It is expected that a huge new industry will be created regarding the development, manufacturing, and distribution of the "mask that can completely block viruses" based on this invention, as well as its advanced and modified versions.

Claims

1. The air supply device has an air supply pump and controls the pressure inside the airtight helmet to a positive pressure and the flow rate to a target value based on the pressure measurement value inside the airtight helmet and the helmet flow rate measurement value. An air supply device characterized by feedback control of the pump rotation speed on the air supply side and the valve on the exhaust side so that the flow rate becomes a target value, and similarly feedback control of the valve opening so that the pressure inside the helmet becomes positive.

2. The air supply device has an air supply pump and controls the pressure inside the airtight helmet to a positive pressure and the flow rate to a target value based on the pressure measurement value inside the airtight helmet and the helmet flow rate measurement value. An air supply device characterized in that, in controlling the intake and exhaust pumps and / or the intake and exhaust valves, the rotational speed of the two pumps and / or the valve opening are adjusted in advance to a constant value so that the flow rate becomes a target value, and similarly, the difference in the rotational speed of the two pumps and / or the difference in the valve opening are adjusted in advance to a constant value so that the pressure inside the helmet becomes constant, and also that feedback control is used to correct the flow rate by adjusting the rotational speed and / or valve opening of one pump to compensate for fluctuations from the set value, and feedback control is used to correct the pressure inside the helmet by adjusting the rotational speed and / or valve opening of the other pump.

3. The air supply device has an air supply pump and controls the pressure inside the airtight helmet to a positive pressure and the flow rate to a target value based on the pressure measurement value inside the airtight helmet and the helmet flow rate measurement value. An air supply device characterized in that, in controlling the intake and exhaust pumps and / or the intake and exhaust valves, the flow rate is controlled by feedback control of the sum of the rotational speeds of the two pumps or the sum of the openings of the two valves, and the pressure inside the helmet is controlled by feedback control of the difference in the rotational speeds of the two pumps or the difference in the openings of the two valves.

4. 4. An air supply device according to claim 1, wherein a helmet portion of a helmet-type mask with an intake and exhaust control function is replaced with an airtight space.

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