Power management system, microcontroller unit, battery management system and battery

Abstract

The embodiments of the present application provide a power management system, MCU, BMS and battery that can meet the power supply demand of an MCU and have higher reliability. The power management system includes: a primary power supply module connected to a power source, for generating a first voltage based on a voltage of the power source, diagnosing the first voltage and storing a diagnosis result of the first voltage; a secondary power supply module connected to the primary power supply module, for generating a second voltage based on the first voltage, the second voltage being smaller than the first voltage, the second voltage being an operating voltage of an MCU; and an MCU connected to the primary power supply module and the secondary power supply module, for reading the diagnosis result of the first voltage from the primary power supply module and determining whether to control the BMS to enter a safe state based on the diagnosis result of the first voltage.

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present application relates to the field of battery technology, and in particular to a power management system, a microcontroller unit, a battery management system and a battery. [Background technology]

[0002] A battery management system (BMS) includes a power management system and a micro-controller unit (MCU), where the power management system provides a stable voltage required by the MCU. However, due to an upgrade of the micro-controller unit (MCU), the traditional power management system cannot meet the power supply demand and voltage safety demand of the upgraded MCU. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize the structure of the power management system to expand the voltage range it can provide and improve the reliability of the output voltage. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The present application provides a power management system, a microcontroller unit, a battery management system and a battery, which can meet the power supply demand of an MCU and has higher reliability.

[0004] According to a first aspect, there is provided a power management system, the power management system comprising: A primary power supply module connected to a power source, the primary power supply module including a first voltage conversion unit, a first voltage monitoring unit, and a first storage unit, the first voltage conversion unit being used for generating a first voltage based on a voltage of the power source, the first voltage monitoring unit being used for diagnosing the first voltage, and the first storage unit being used for storing a diagnosis result of the first voltage; A secondary power supply module connected to the primary power supply module, the secondary power supply module including a second voltage conversion unit, the second voltage conversion unit being used to generate a second voltage based on the first voltage, the second voltage being lower than the first voltage, the second voltage being an operating voltage of an MCU; the MCU connected to the primary power supply module and the secondary power supply module, for reading a diagnosis result of the first voltage from the first storage unit, and determining whether to control the BMS to enter a safe state based on the diagnosis result of the first voltage.

[0005] According to this technical solution, the power management system adopts a two-stage power supply system including a primary power supply module and a secondary power supply module, in which the primary power supply module provides a first voltage to the secondary power supply module, and the secondary power supply module provides a second voltage to the MCU according to the first voltage for the normal operation of the MCU. The secondary power supply module is installed to provide a voltage suitable for the MCU, so as to ensure the compatibility of the power management system of the BMS with the MCU. And the primary power supply module can diagnose the first voltage, and the MCU can control the BMS to enter a safe state by reading the diagnosis result of the first voltage when the first voltage is over-voltage or under-voltage, thereby improving the reliability of the BMS and ensuring the safety of the BMS.

[0006] In one possible implementation, the first voltage monitoring unit is further used to output a status signal, and the status signal is used to indicate a diagnosis result of the first voltage. The MCU specifically reads the status signal, and reads the diagnosis result of the first voltage from the first storage unit according to the status signal, and detects that the diagnosis results of the first voltage read N times in succession are all the first voltage is overvoltage or undervoltage. By pressure In some cases, N is used to control the BMS to enter a safe state, where N is a positive integer.

[0007] In this embodiment, the status signal output from the primary power supply module is used to indicate the diagnosis result of the first voltage, and the MCU can determine in what manner, for example according to what frequency, to read the diagnosis result of the first voltage from the primary power supply module based on the status signal, that is, can ensure the efficient acquisition of the diagnosis result, and can reduce unnecessary reading operations to save time and resources.

[0008] In one possible implementation, the diagnosis result of the first voltage is that the first voltage is an overvoltage or an undervoltage. And When the status signal indicates, the frequency at which the MCU reads the diagnosis result of the first voltage from the first storage unit is equal to the frequency at which the MCU reads the status signal, and / or the diagnosis result of the first voltage indicates that the first voltage is not an overvoltage or an undervoltage. It's not pressure. When the status signal indicates, the frequency at which the MCU reads the diagnostic result of the first voltage from the first storage unit is less than the frequency at which the MCU reads the status signal.

[0009] In this embodiment, when the status signal output from the primary power supply module indicates that the first voltage is an over-voltage or an under-voltage, the frequency at which the MCU reads the diagnosis result of the first voltage from the first memory unit is equal to the frequency at which it reads the status signal, thereby ensuring that the first voltage is determined reliably; when the status signal indicates that the first voltage is not an over-voltage or an under-voltage, the frequency at which the MCU reads the diagnosis result of the first voltage from the first memory unit is less than the frequency at which it reads the status signal, thereby avoiding unnecessary reading operations.

[0010] In one possible implementation, the first voltage monitoring unit is further adapted to output a status signal, and the status signal is adapted to indicate a diagnosis result of the first voltage, and the secondary power supply module is further adapted to receive the status signal, and the diagnosis result of the first voltage is whether the first voltage is an overvoltage or an undervoltage. By pressureThe second voltage is used to inhibit output of the second voltage when the status signal indicates that the second voltage is being

[0011] In one possible implementation, the MCU specifically reads the diagnosis result of the first voltage from the first storage unit periodically, and determines whether the diagnosis result of the first voltage read N times in succession is an overvoltage or an undervoltage of the first voltage. Where is used to control the BMS to enter a safe state when

[0012] In the above embodiment, the MCU reads the diagnosis result of the first voltage from the first storage unit, and determines whether the diagnosis result of the first voltage read N times in succession is an overvoltage or an undervoltage. Where If the first voltage V1 is overvoltage or undervoltage, the secondary power supply module controls the BMS to enter a safe state, thereby improving the safety of the BMS. At the same time, the secondary power supply module reads the status signal output from the primary power supply module, and if the status signal indicates that the first voltage is overvoltage or undervoltage, it does not output the second voltage to the MCU, thereby making the BMS enter a safe state, thereby avoiding the risk of the MCU failing and not being able to read the diagnosis result. Both the MCU and the secondary power supply module are involved in determining the diagnosis result of the first voltage V1, further improving the safety of the BMS.

[0013] In one possible implementation form, the secondary power supply module further includes a second voltage monitoring unit and a second storage unit, the second voltage monitoring unit is used for diagnosing the second voltage, the second storage unit is used for storing a diagnosis result of the second voltage, and the MCU is further used for reading the diagnosis result of the second voltage from the second storage unit and determining whether to control the BMS to enter a safe state based on the diagnosis result of the second voltage.

[0014] In this embodiment, in addition to detecting the status signal output from the primary power supply module, the MCU also reads the diagnosis result of the second voltage from the secondary power supply module, and controls the BMS to enter a safe state when the second voltage is over-voltage or under-voltage, thereby further improving the safety of the BMS.

[0015] In one possible implementation, the MCU is further used to detect the status of the MCU and send a fault signal to the secondary power supply module when the status of the MCU is faulty, and the secondary power supply module is further used to receive the fault signal and send a reset signal to the MCU based on the fault signal.

[0016] In one possible implementation, the device further includes a relay control module connected to the primary power supply module and the MCU. The first voltage monitoring unit further detects whether the first voltage is an overvoltage or an undervoltage. Where and a relay control module adapted to receive the safety signal and, based on the safety signal, to control a relay to maintain connection of a high voltage circuit within a preset length of time.

[0017] In one possible implementation, the first voltage conversion unit is further used to generate a third voltage based on a voltage of the power source, the third voltage being an operating voltage of other loads in the BMS, and the third voltage being greater than the first voltage.

[0018] In this embodiment, the primary power supply module can output two voltages, namely a third voltage for other loads and a first voltage for the secondary power supply module, which not only meets the power consumption needs of other loads, but also provides a second voltage to the MCU based on the first voltage through the secondary power supply module, so as to ensure the normal operation of the MCU.

[0019] In one possible implementation, the MCU and the primary power supply module are connected via an I2C bus, and / or the MCU and the secondary power supply module are connected via an I2C bus.

[0020] In one possible implementation, the first voltage is 3.3V and the second voltage is 1.8V or 0.8V.

[0021] According to a second aspect, there is provided a control method for a power management system, the power management system including: a primary power supply module and a secondary power supply module, wherein the primary power supply module is connected to a power source and is used for generating a first voltage based on a voltage of the power source, diagnosing the first voltage, and storing a diagnosis result of the first voltage; the secondary power supply module is connected to the primary power supply module and is used for generating a second voltage based on the first voltage, the second voltage being smaller than the first voltage, the second voltage being an operating voltage of an MCU; the MCU is connected to the primary power supply module and the secondary power supply module; and the method includes: The MCU reads a diagnostic result of the first voltage from the primary power module; The MCU determines whether to control the BMS to enter a safe state based on a diagnosis result of the first voltage.

[0022] According to this technical solution, the power management system adopts a two-stage power supply system including a primary power supply module and a secondary power supply module, in which the primary power supply module provides a first voltage to the secondary power supply module, and the secondary power supply module provides a second voltage to the MCU according to the first voltage for the normal operation of the MCU. The secondary power supply module is installed to provide a voltage suitable for the MCU, so as to ensure the compatibility of the power management system of the BMS with the MCU. And the primary power supply module can diagnose the first voltage, and the MCU can control the BMS to enter a safe state by reading the diagnosis result of the first voltage when the first voltage is over-voltage or under-voltage, thereby improving the reliability of the BMS and ensuring the safety of the BMS.

[0023] In one possible implementation, the method further includes the MCU reading a status signal output from the primary power supply module, the status signal being used to indicate a diagnosis result of the first voltage, where determining whether to control the BMS to enter a safe state based on the diagnosis result of the first voltage includes: the MCU reading a diagnosis result of the first voltage from the primary power supply module based on the status signal, and determining whether to control the BMS to enter a safe state based on the diagnosis result of the first voltage by determining whether the first voltage is an overvoltage or an undervoltage by the MCU reading a diagnosis result of the first voltage from the primary power supply module based on the status signal; Where and controlling the BMS to enter a safe state if N is a positive integer.

[0024] In one possible implementation, the method further comprises: determining whether the first voltage is an overvoltage or an undervoltage; Ruko When the status signal indicates that the first voltage is an overvoltage or an undervoltage, the frequency at which the MCU reads the diagnosis result of the first voltage from the first storage unit is equal to the frequency at which the reading unit reads the status signal, or the diagnosis result of the first voltage indicates that the first voltage is not an overvoltage or an undervoltage. It's not pressure.The method further includes, when the status signal indicates, a frequency at which the MCU reads the diagnostic result of the first voltage from the first storage unit is less than a frequency at which the reading unit reads the status signal.

[0025] In one possible implementation form, the MCU determines whether to control the BMS to enter a safe state based on a diagnosis result of the first voltage by periodically reading a diagnosis result of the first voltage from the primary power supply module, and determining whether the diagnosis result of the first voltage read N times in succession is that the first voltage is an overvoltage or an undervoltage. Where and controlling the BMS to enter a safe state if a fault occurs.

[0026] In one possible implementation, the first voltage monitoring unit is further adapted to output a status signal, and the status signal is adapted to indicate a diagnosis result of the first voltage, and the secondary power supply module is further adapted to receive the status signal, and the diagnosis result of the first voltage is that the first voltage is an overvoltage or an undervoltage. Ruko The second voltage is used to prohibit the MCU from outputting the second voltage when the state signal indicates that the second voltage is not output.

[0027] In one possible implementation, the secondary power supply module is further used to diagnose the second voltage and store a diagnosis result of the second voltage, where the method further includes the MCU reading the diagnosis result of the second voltage from the secondary power supply module and determining whether to control the BMS to enter a safe state based on the diagnosis result of the second voltage.

[0028] In one possible implementation, the method further includes the MCU detecting a status of the MCU, and when the MCU detects that the status of the MCU is faulty, sending a fault signal to the secondary power supply module, and the MCU receiving a reset signal sent by the secondary power supply module based on the fault signal.

[0029] In one possible implementation, the MCU and the primary power supply module are connected via an I2C bus, and / or the MCU and the secondary power supply module are connected via an I2C bus.

[0030] In one possible implementation, the first voltage is 3.3V and the second voltage is 1.8V or 0.8V.

[0031] According to a third aspect, there is provided an MCU, which is adapted to execute the control method for a BMS in the second aspect or in any possible implementation of the second aspect.

[0032] According to a fourth aspect, there is provided a BMS, the BMS including a power management system according to the first aspect or any possible implementation of the first aspect, and an MCU according to the third aspect or any possible implementation of the third aspect.

[0033] According to a fifth aspect, there is provided a battery, the battery including a BMS of the fourth aspect or any possible implementation of the fourth aspect. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0034] In order to more clearly explain the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the following briefly introduces the drawings that need to be used in the embodiments of the present application. It is obvious that the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application, and those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings based on the drawings without exerting creative efforts. [Figure 1] 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a conventional power management system; [Diagram 2] FIG. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of a power management system disclosed in an embodiment of the present application; [Diagram 3] FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of one possible specific structure of the power management system in FIG. 2; [Figure 4] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a flow of a voltage diagnosis disclosed in an embodiment of the present application. [Diagram 5] FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of a flow of a voltage diagnosis disclosed in another embodiment of the present application. [Figure 6] 4 is a schematic flowchart of a control method for a power management system disclosed in another embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0035] The following describes the embodiments of the present application in more detail in conjunction with the drawings and examples. The detailed description of the embodiments and the drawings are for illustrative purposes only to explain the principles of the present application, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present application, i.e., the present application is not limited to the described embodiments.

[0036] In the description of this application, it should be explained that, unless otherwise specified, "plurality" means two or more, and the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "up", "down", "left", "right", "inside", "outside", etc., is merely for convenience and simplification of the description of this application, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to has a particular orientation and must be configured and operated in a particular orientation, and should not be understood as a limitation on this application. In addition, the terms "first", "second", "third", etc. are used for descriptive purposes only, and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance. "Perpendicular" is not strictly perpendicular, but has a margin of error. "Parallel" is not strictly parallel, but has a margin of error.

[0037] The directions appearing in the following description are all directions shown in the drawings, and do not limit the specific structure of the present application. In the description of the present application, it should be further explained that unless otherwise clearly specified or limited, the terms "attached", "connected" and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, may be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected, may be directly connected, or may be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in the present application according to the specific situation.

[0038] FIG. 1 shows a structural schematic diagram of a conventional power management system. As shown in FIG. 1, the power management system 100 includes a power supply 101, a primary power supply module 102, an MCU 103, a voltage stabilization chip 104, a relay control module 105, a wake-up source 106, and other loads 107. Here, the primary power supply module 102 converts the 12V voltage output from the power supply 101 to a 5V voltage, and on the one hand, provides the 5V working voltage required for the other loads 107, and on the other hand, outputs a 3.3V voltage to the voltage stabilization chip 104, and the 5V voltage is converted to the 3.3V voltage required for the MCU 103 by the voltage stabilization chip 104, thereby ensuring the normal operation of the MCU 103. Here, the primary power supply module 102 also needs to provide a 5V voltage to some I / O ports in the MCU 103 (not shown). It should be noted that the two voltages output from the primary power supply module 102 are both 5V voltages, and one 5V voltage is output to the voltage stabilization chip 104, which converts it to 3.3V voltage and outputs the other 5V voltage to another load 107. If the primary power supply module 102 simultaneously outputs two different voltages, for example, one 5V voltage and one 3.3V voltage, there are currently many loads in the BMS that use 5V voltage and very few loads that use 3.3V voltage, so that the current load capacity of the side that outputs the 5V voltage is insufficient, and some functions may be lost. By converting the 5V voltage to 3.3V voltage through the voltage stabilization chip 104 and then outputting the 3.3V voltage to the MCU 103, the problem caused by the load imbalance in the primary power supply module 102 can be prevented.

[0039] Because the current platform resources cannot meet the ever-increasing functional demands of the BMS, the MCU in the BMS is upgraded. However, the voltage required by the upgraded MCU is lower, for example, its operating voltage changes to 1.8V or 0.8V. The upgraded MCU is incompatible with the power management system of the current BMS, and the traditional power management system can no longer meet the power supply demands and voltage safety demands of the upgraded MCU.

[0040] In view of this, the present application provides a power management system, which changes the traditional single-stage power supply system into a two-stage power supply system, provides a voltage suitable for the MCU, adds a voltage diagnosis mechanism, ensures the reliability of the output voltage, and improves the safety of the BMS.

[0041] 2 shows a structural schematic diagram of a power management system of an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG. 2, the power management system 200 includes a primary power supply module 210, a secondary power supply module 220 and an MCU 230.

[0042] Here, the primary power supply module 210 is connected to a power supply, and it includes a first voltage conversion unit, a first voltage monitoring unit, and a first memory unit, where the first voltage conversion unit is used for generating a first voltage V1 based on the voltage of the power supply, the first voltage monitoring unit is used for diagnosing the first voltage V1, and the first memory unit is used for storing the diagnosis result of the first voltage V1.

[0043] The secondary power supply module 220 is connected to the primary power supply module 210, and includes a second voltage conversion unit, which is used to generate a second voltage V2 based on the first voltage V1, where the second voltage V2 is smaller than the first voltage V1, and the second voltage V2 is the operating voltage of the MCU 230.

[0044] The MCU 230 is connected to the primary power supply module 210 and the secondary power supply module 220, and is used to read the diagnosis result of the first voltage V1 from the first memory unit, and determine whether to control the BMS to enter a safe state based on the diagnosis result of the first voltage V1.

[0045] As can be seen, by adopting a two-stage power supply system including a primary power supply module 210 and a secondary power supply module 220, the primary power supply module 210 can provide a first voltage V1 to the secondary power supply module 220, and the secondary power supply module 220 can provide a second voltage V2 to the MCU 230 according to the first voltage V1, which is used for the normal operation of the MCU 230. The secondary power supply module 220 is installed to provide a voltage suitable for the MCU 230, so as to ensure the compatibility between the power management system 200 and the MCU 230. And the primary power supply module 210 can diagnose the first voltage V1, and the MCU 230 can control the BMS to enter a safe state by reading the diagnosis result of the first voltage V1, when the first voltage V1 is an overvoltage or an undervoltage, thereby improving the reliability of the power management system 200 and ensuring the safety of the BMS.

[0046] For example, Figure 3 shows one possible specific structure of the power management system 200 in Figure 2. As shown in Figure 3, the power management system 200 includes a primary power supply module 210, a secondary power supply module 220, an MCU 230, a power supply 240, a wake-up source 250, a relay control module 260, and another load 270. Here, a first voltage conversion unit in the primary power supply module 210 converts the power supply voltage output from the power supply 240 into a first voltage V1 and outputs it to the secondary power supply module 220, and a second voltage conversion unit in the secondary power supply module 220 generates a second voltage V2 based on the first voltage V1 and provides the second voltage V2 to the MCU 230.

[0047] Here, the first voltage V1 may be, for example, 3.3 V, and the second voltage V2 may be, for example, 1.8 V or 0.8 V. Optionally, the first voltage V1 may further output a third voltage V3, which may be, for example, a working voltage of other loads in the BMS, and the third voltage V3 is greater than the first voltage V1, for example, the third voltage V3 may be 5 V.

[0048] As shown in FIG. 3, taking V1=3.3V, V2=1.8V or 0.8V, and V3=5V as an example, the primary power supply module 210 can output two different voltages, i.e., 5V and 3.3V, simultaneously. It should be understood that in the upgraded MCU 230, some of the I / O ports that required 5V no longer require 5V, so the number of loads that adopt 5V is reduced. In this way, the primary power supply module 210 can output two different voltages simultaneously without the above-mentioned problem of load imbalance of the primary power supply module 102. And since the secondary power supply module 220 for outputting 1.8V / 0.8V voltage is added, the reliability of the output voltage is higher than that of the primary power supply module 210 directly outputting 5V and 1.8V / 0.8V, and the complexity of the primary power supply module 210 is also reduced.

[0049] Further, as shown in FIG. 3, the power supply 240 in the power management system 200 is used to provide a voltage, for example, a voltage of 12V to the primary power supply module 210; the wake-up source 250 in the power management system 200 is connected to the primary power supply module 210 via a hardwire and can output a wake-up signal, for example, a real-time clock (RTC) signal, an ACNA signal, an MCU LOCK signal, etc.; when the wake-up signal in the hardwire changes from a LOW to a Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) signal, the primary power supply module 210 changes from a standby state to a normal state.

[0050] Due to problems such as lack of resources, there is currently no scheme for diagnosing the first voltage V1. However, if the first voltage V1 is overvoltage or undervoltage, it may cause the MCU 230 to operate abnormally or malfunction. For this reason, a first voltage monitoring module and a first storage unit are further installed in the primary power supply module 210, the first voltage monitoring unit is used to diagnose the first voltage V1, and the first storage unit is used to store the diagnosis result of the first voltage V1. The MCU 230 can read the diagnosis result of the first voltage V1 from the first storage unit 213 and determine whether to control the BMS to enter a safe state according to the diagnosis result of the first voltage V1.

[0051] For example, in one implementation, the first voltage monitoring unit is further used to output a status signal, which is used to indicate a diagnosis result of the first voltage V1, for example, whether the first voltage V1 is an overvoltage or an undervoltage. Then, the MCU 230 reads the status signal, and reads the diagnosis result of the first voltage V1 from the first storage unit according to the status signal, and detects whether the diagnosis results of the first voltage V1 read N times in succession are all the first voltage V1 is an overvoltage or an undervoltage. Where is used to control the BMS to enter a safe state when

[0052] It should be understood that the MCU 230 described herein controlling the BMS to enter the safe state may be to disconnect the high-voltage circuit by a relay, which may be a battery power supply circuit, and a relay is used to control the connection and disconnection of the circuit, or may be to power off the MCU 230. At this time, since the MCU 230 has a fault, it can directly control the relay according to the corresponding status indication information to disconnect the high-voltage circuit, thereby causing the BMS to enter the safe state.

[0053] In one implementation, as shown in FIG. 3, the power management system 200 further includes a relay control module 260 connected to the primary power supply module 210 and the MCU 230, where the first voltage monitoring unit in the primary power supply module 210 further detects that the first voltage V1 is an overvoltage or an undervoltage. Where In this case, the relay control module 260 is used to send a safety signal FS0B to the relay control module 260, which then receives the safety signal FS0B and controls the relay to maintain the connection of the high voltage circuit within a preset length of time based on the safety signal FS0B.

[0054] The relay control module 210 in the power management system 200 includes a delay circuit, and when a problem such as overvoltage or undervoltage occurs in the first voltage V1, the MCU 230 can instruct the relay control module 210 to control the relay to disconnect the high voltage circuit. Then, the primary power supply module 210 outputs a safety signal FS0B to the relay control module 210, so that the delay circuit maintains the connection between the relay and the high voltage circuit for a certain period of time, thereby preventing the risk of voltage instability caused by the sudden disconnection of the relay.

[0055] Regarding how the MCU 230 determines whether to control the BMS to enter a safe state based on the diagnosis result of the first voltage V1 read from the primary power supply module 210, the present application provides the following two methods, i.e., Method 1 and Method 2, which are specifically described below in conjunction with Figures 4 and 5 respectively.

[0056] Method 1 In this manner, the MCU 230 reads the diagnostic result of the first voltage V1 and determines whether to control the BMS to enter a safe state.

[0057] In one implementation, the first voltage monitoring unit of the primary power supply module 210 is further used to output a status signal, which is used to indicate the diagnosis result of the first voltage. At this time, the MCU 230 specifically reads the status signal, and reads the diagnosis result of the first voltage V1 from the first memory unit of the primary power supply module 210 according to the status signal, and determines that the diagnosis results of the first voltage V1 read N times in succession are all the first voltage V1 is overvoltage or undervoltage. Where is used to control the BMS to enter a safe state when

[0058] After completing the diagnosis of the first voltage V1, the first voltage monitoring unit of the primary power supply module 210 outputs a status signal indicating the diagnosis result, and stores the diagnosis result in the first storage unit. The status signal may be, for example, a low level signal and a high level signal, and it is assumed that the low level signal represents that the first voltage V1 is within the normal range, and the high level signal represents that the first voltage V1 is in an over-voltage or under-voltage state. The first storage unit may be a register, and for example, the 0X16 address of the register may be adopted as a flag bit for storing the over-voltage or under-voltage state of the first voltage V1, where the under-voltage state is stored in "BIT 5" and the over-voltage state is stored in "BIT 4". When the flag bit is "0", it represents that the first voltage V1 does not have an under-voltage or over-voltage, and when the flag bit is "1", it represents that the first voltage V1 has an over-voltage or under-voltage.

[0059] It can be seen that when the MCU 230 detects this status signal, it can determine based on the status signal in what manner, for example according to what frequency, to read the diagnosis result of the first voltage from the primary power supply module 210, that is, it can ensure that the diagnosis result is obtained effectively, and can reduce unnecessary reading operations, saving time and resources.

[0060] For example, the diagnosis result of the first voltage V1 indicates that the first voltage V1 is an overvoltage or an undervoltage. And When the status signal indicates, the frequency at which the MCU 230 reads the diagnostic result of the first voltage V1 from the first memory unit is equal to the frequency at which the MCU 230 reads the status signal, thereby ensuring that the first voltage V1 is reliably determined.

[0061] Also, for example, the diagnosis result of the first voltage V1 may indicate that the first voltage V1 is not an overvoltage or an undervoltage. It's not pressure. When the status signal indicates, the frequency at which the MCU 230 reads the diagnostic result of the first voltage V1 from the first storage unit is less than the frequency at which the MCU reads the status signal, to avoid unnecessary reading operations.

[0062] Hereinafter, a detailed description will be given in conjunction with FIG. 4. FIG. 4 shows one possible specific implementation of the voltage diagnosis method of Scheme 1. As shown in FIG. 4, here, steps 301 to 304 are performed by the primary power supply module 210, and steps 305 to 314 are performed by the MCU 230. As shown in FIG. 4, specifically, the method includes some or all of the following steps:

[0063] In step 301, the primary power module 210 outputs a first voltage V1.

[0064] In step 302, a first voltage monitoring unit of the primary power supply module 210 diagnoses a first voltage V1.

[0065] For example, the first voltage V1 can be input to a voltage comparator and compared with an undervoltage threshold and an overvoltage threshold to determine whether the first voltage V1 is an overvoltage or an undervoltage.

[0066] In step 303, the primary power module 210 outputs a status signal.

[0067] In step 304, the primary power module 210 updates a flag bit for storing the diagnostic result in the first storage unit.

[0068] In step 305 , the MCU 230 reads the status signal output from the primary power module 210 .

[0069] In step 306, MCU 230 determines whether this status signal is "HIGH" or "LOW."

[0070] Here, if the status signal is at a high level "HIGH", it indicates that the current diagnosis result is that the first voltage V1 is undervoltage or overvoltage, and step 307 is executed; if the status signal is at a low level "LOW", it indicates that the current diagnosis result is that the first voltage V1 is not undervoltage or overvoltage. It's not pressure. Then, step 308 is executed.

[0071] In step 307, the MCU 230 reads the diagnostic result of the first voltage V1 from the first storage unit.

[0072] In step 308, the MCU 230 periodically reads the diagnostic result of the first voltage V1 from the first storage unit.

[0073] The reading period may be, for example, 100 ms.

[0074] It should be noted that in steps 307 and 308, if the status signal is "HIGH", it indicates that the current diagnosis result may be that the first voltage V1 is under-voltage or over-voltage, so the MCU 230 immediately reads the corresponding flag bit in the first storage unit to check whether the flag bit indicates that the first voltage V1 is under-voltage or over-voltage. As can be seen from FIG. 4, every time the MCU 230 detects "HIGH", the MCU 230 reads the diagnosis result from the first storage unit once, which corresponds to the frequency that the MCU 230 reads the diagnosis result of the first voltage V1 from the first storage unit being equal to the frequency that the MCU 230 reads the status signal, thereby ensuring that the determination of whether the first voltage V1 is over-voltage or under-voltage is accurate, and guaranteeing the reliability of the voltage diagnosis. If the status signal is "LOW", it indicates that the current diagnosis result is that the first voltage V1 is not under-voltage or over-voltage. It's not pressure. In this embodiment, the MCU 230 may read the corresponding flag bit of the first memory unit at a certain period, and in this case, the frequency at which the MCU 230 reads the diagnosis result of the first voltage V1 from the first memory unit may be less than the frequency at which the MCU 230 reads the status signal, thereby reducing unnecessary read operations and saving time and resources.

[0075] In step 309, the MCU 230 determines whether the first voltage V1 is an over-voltage or an under-voltage based on the corresponding flag bit in the first storage unit.

[0076] For example, if the corresponding flag bit of the first memory unit read by the MCU 230 is "0", it indicates that the first voltage V1 is not an overvoltage or undervoltage, and steps 310 and 311 are executed; if the corresponding flag bit of the first memory unit read by the MCU 230 is "1", it indicates that the first voltage V1 is in an overvoltage or undervoltage state, and steps 312 to 314 are executed.

[0077] In step 310, a counter is set to zero.

[0078] In step 311, the BMS is controlled to maintain normal operation.

[0079] In step 312, the counter increments the recorded number of failures by one.

[0080] The number of faults may include, for example, the number of overvoltages, the number of undervoltages, or the total number of overvoltages and undervoltages.

[0081] In step 313, it is determined whether the number of failures recorded by the counter exceeds N.

[0082] If the number of failures recorded by the counter is greater than N, then execute step 314; otherwise, return to step 306.

[0083] In step 314, the BMS is controlled to enter a safe state.

[0084] In steps 312 to 314, the MCU 230 reads the corresponding flag bit in the register N times in succession, and if any of the flag bits indicates that the first voltage V1 is an overvoltage or undervoltage, for example, if the flag bit is detected as "1" N times in succession, the MCU 230 controls the relay to disconnect the high voltage circuit, ensuring that the BMS enters a safe state. By setting a reasonable value of N, the reliability of the diagnosis result can be improved.

[0085] Method 2 In this method, the MCU 230 and the secondary power supply module 220 respectively read the diagnostic result in the first memory unit of the primary power supply module 210 and the status signal output from the primary power supply module 210, and determine whether to control the BMS to enter a safe state.

[0086] In one implementation, the MCU 230 is specifically configured to periodically read the diagnosis result of the first voltage from the first storage unit of the primary power supply module 210, and determine whether the diagnosis result of the first voltage read N times in succession is an overvoltage or an undervoltage. Where It is used to control the BMS to enter a safe state when

[0087] In another implementation, the first voltage monitoring unit is further used to output a status signal, and the status signal is used to indicate the diagnosis result of the first voltage V1, and at this time, the secondary power supply module 220 is further used to receive the status signal and indicate that the diagnosis result of the first voltage V1 is that the first voltage V1 is an overvoltage or an undervoltage. Ruko When this state signal indicates that the second voltage V2 is not being output, the second voltage V2 is inhibited from being output.

[0088] It should be understood that, when the secondary power supply module 220 prohibits the MCU 230 from outputting the second voltage V2, the MCU 230 is powered off, and at this time, the MCU 230 is faulty, so the relay can be directly controlled according to the corresponding status indication information to disconnect the high voltage circuit, thereby making the BMS enter a safe state.

[0089] As can be seen, the MCU 230 reads the diagnosis result of the first voltage V1 from the first storage unit, and the diagnosis result of the first voltage V1 read N times in succession indicates that the first voltage V1 is an overvoltage or an undervoltage. Where If the first voltage V1 is overvoltage or undervoltage, the secondary power supply module 220 controls the BMS to enter a safe state, thereby improving the safety of the BMS. At the same time, the secondary power supply module 220 reads the status signal output from the primary power supply module 210, and if the status signal indicates that the first voltage V1 is overvoltage or undervoltage, the secondary power supply module 220 does not output the second voltage V2 to the MCU 230, thereby making the BMS enter a safe state and avoiding the risk that the MCU 230 is damaged and the diagnosis result cannot be read. Since both the MCU 230 and the secondary power supply module 220 are involved in determining the diagnosis result of the first voltage V1, the safety of the BMS is further improved.

[0090] Hereinafter, a detailed description will be given in conjunction with FIG. 5. FIG. 5 shows one possible specific implementation of the voltage diagnosis method of method 2. Here, steps 401 to 404 are performed by the primary power supply module 210, steps 405 to 409 are performed by the secondary power supply module 220, and steps 410 to 416 are performed by the MCU 230. As shown in FIG. 5, the method specifically includes some or all of the following steps:

[0091] In step 401, the primary power module 210 outputs a first voltage V1.

[0092] In step 402, a first voltage monitoring unit of the primary power supply module 210 diagnoses a first voltage V1.

[0093] For example, the first voltage V1 can be input to a voltage comparator and compared with an undervoltage threshold and an overvoltage threshold to determine whether the first voltage V1 is an overvoltage or an undervoltage.

[0094] In step 403, the primary power module 210 outputs a status signal.

[0095] In step 404, the primary power module 210 updates a flag bit for storing the diagnostic result in the first storage unit.

[0096] In step 405, the secondary power module 220 determines whether the status signal is "HIGH" or "LOW."

[0097] Here, if the status signal is at a high level “HIGH”, it indicates that the current diagnosis result is that the first voltage V1 is undervoltage or overvoltage, and the secondary power supply module 220 then executes steps 406 and 407. If the status signal is at a low level “LOW”, it indicates that the current diagnosis result is that the first voltage V1 is not undervoltage or overvoltage. It's not pressure.The secondary power supply module 220 then performs steps 408 and 409.

[0098] In step 406, the secondary power supply module 220 outputs a second voltage V2 to the MCU 230.

[0099] In step 407, the BMS is controlled to maintain normal operation.

[0100] In step 408, the secondary power supply module 220 stops outputting the second voltage V2 to the MCU 230.

[0101] In step 409, the BMS is controlled to enter a safe state.

[0102] In step 410, the MCU 230 periodically reads the diagnostic result of the first voltage V1 from the first storage unit.

[0103] The reading period may be, for example, 100 ms.

[0104] In step 411, the MCU 230 determines whether the first voltage V1 is an over-voltage or an under-voltage based on the corresponding flag bit in the first storage unit.

[0105] For example, if the corresponding flag bit of the first memory unit read by MCU 230 is "0", it indicates that the first voltage V1 is not an overvoltage or undervoltage, and steps 412 and 413 are executed; if the corresponding flag bit of the first memory unit read by MCU 230 is "1", it indicates that the first voltage V1 is in an overvoltage or undervoltage state, and steps 414 to 416 are executed.

[0106] In step 412, a counter is set to zero.

[0107] In step 413, the BMS is controlled to maintain normal operation.

[0108] In step 414, the counter increments the recorded number of failures by one.

[0109] The number of faults may include, for example, the number of overvoltages, the number of undervoltages, or the total number of overvoltages and undervoltages.

[0110] In step 415, it is determined whether the number of failures recorded by the counter exceeds N.

[0111] If the number of failures recorded by the counter is greater than N, then execute step 416; otherwise, return to step 410.

[0112] In step 416, the BMS is controlled to enter a safe state.

[0113] In steps 414 to 416, the MCU 230 reads the corresponding flag bit in the register N times in succession, and if any of the flag bits indicates that the first voltage V1 is an overvoltage or undervoltage, for example, if the flag bit is detected as "1" N times in succession, the MCU 230 controls the relay to disconnect the high voltage circuit, ensuring that the BMS enters a safe state. By setting a reasonable value of N, the reliability of the diagnosis result can be improved.

[0114] Among the above-mentioned methods 1 and 2, in method 1, the MCU 230 detects the status signal output from the primary power supply module 210 and reads the diagnosis result stored in the first storage unit of the primary power supply module 210, thereby reducing the complexity of the secondary power supply module 220, and the MCU 230 can adjust the frequency of reading the diagnosis result from the first storage unit according to the diagnosis result indicated by the status signal. However, if the MCU 230 is faulty, it cannot ensure that the BMS enters a safe state when the first voltage V1 generates an overvoltage or undervoltage. And, although the status signal in method 1 is used to inform the MCU 230 to read the diagnosis result from the first storage unit, the status signal itself is not involved in the actual process of determining overvoltage or undervoltage, and has a relatively small effect on improving the reliability of the system. In method 2, the MCU 230 and the secondary power supply module 220 respectively read the diagnosis result in the first memory unit of the primary power supply module 210 and the status signal output from the primary power supply module 210. Both the status signal output from the primary power supply module and the stored diagnosis result are involved in the actual over-voltage or under-voltage judgment process. A dual redundant fault handling method is adopted, which avoids the risk of the diagnosis result not being read due to a single point failure in the MCU 230, and the reliability of the system is higher.

[0115] In one possible implementation, the secondary power supply module 220 further includes a second voltage monitoring unit and a second memory unit, where the second voltage monitoring unit is used to diagnose the second voltage V2, and the second memory unit is used to store the diagnosis result of the second voltage V2, and the MCU 230 is further used to read the diagnosis result of the second voltage V2 from the second memory unit, and determine whether to control the BMS to enter a safe state based on the diagnosis result of the second voltage V2.

[0116] In this embodiment, in addition to detecting the status signal output from the primary power supply module 210, the MCU 230 also reads the diagnosis result of the second voltage V2 from the secondary power supply module 220. If the second voltage V2 is over-voltage or under-voltage, the MCU 230 controls the BMS to enter a safe state, thereby further improving the safety of the BMS.

[0117] In one implementation, the MCU 230 is further used to detect the status of the MCU 230 and send a fault signal to the secondary power supply module 220 when the status of the MCU 230 is faulty, and the secondary power supply module 220 is further used to receive the fault signal and send a reset signal to the MCU 230 based on the fault signal.

[0118] 3, the MCU 230 and the secondary power supply module 220 have corresponding pins, which may be used to transmit a fault signal and a reset signal. Due to the self-detection of the MCU 230, when the MCU 230 fails, the MCU 230 can notify the secondary power supply module 220, and the secondary power supply module 220 can reset the MCU 230, thereby ensuring the normal and effective operation of the MCU 230.

[0119] In one implementation, the MCU 230 and the primary power supply module 210 may be connected via an I2C bus, and / or the MCU 230 and the secondary power supply module 220 may be connected via an I2C bus. Status signals, diagnostic results, and other information may be exchanged between the MCU 230 and the primary power supply module 210 and between the MCU 230 and the secondary power supply module 220 via the I2C bus.

[0120] The embodiments of the present application are not limited to the diagnosis method of overvoltage and undervoltage. For example, a comparator or the like may be adopted for the first voltage V1 to compare the currently detected value of the first voltage V1 with a target value, thereby determining whether the first voltage V1 is an overvoltage or an undervoltage.

[0121] 6 shows a control method 500 of a power management system according to an embodiment of the present application. The power management system 200 includes a primary power supply module 210 and a secondary power supply module 220, where the primary power supply module 210 is connected to a power source and is used to generate a first voltage V1 according to the voltage of the power source, diagnose the first voltage V1, and store the diagnosis result of the first voltage V1; the secondary power supply module 220 is connected to the primary power supply module 210 and is used to generate a second voltage V2 according to the first voltage V1, the second voltage V2 is smaller than the first voltage V1, and the second voltage V2 is an operating voltage of the MCU 230; and the MCU 230 is connected to the primary power supply module 210 and the secondary power supply module 2220.

[0122] As shown in FIG. 6, the method 500 may be performed, for example, by the MCU 230 described above, and includes some or all of the following steps.

[0123] In step 510, the MCU 230 reads the diagnostic result of the first voltage V1 from the primary power module 210.

[0124] In step 520, the MCU 230 determines whether to control the BMS to enter a safe state based on the diagnosis result of the first voltage V1.

[0125] According to this technical solution, the power management system 200 adopts a two-stage power supply system including a primary power supply module 210 and a secondary power supply module 220, in which the primary power supply module 210 provides a first voltage V1 to the secondary power supply module 220, and the secondary power supply module 220 provides a second voltage V2 to the MCU 230 according to the first voltage, for the normal operation of the MCU 230 in the BMS. The secondary power supply module that provides a voltage compatible with the MCU is installed, so that the compatibility of the power management system of the BMS with the MCU is ensured. And the primary power supply module 210 can diagnose the first voltage V1, so that the MCU 230 can read the diagnosis result of the first voltage V1, and control the BMS to enter a safe state when the first voltage V1 is over-voltage or under-voltage, thereby improving the reliability of the BMS.

[0126] In one implementation, the method 500 further includes the MCU 230 reading a status signal output from the primary power supply module 210, the status signal being used to indicate a diagnosis result of the first voltage V1, and the MCU 230 determining whether to control the BMS to enter a safe state based on the diagnosis result of the first voltage V1 includes the MCU 230 reading a diagnosis result of the first voltage V1 from the primary power supply module 210 based on the status signal, and determining whether to control the BMS to enter a safe state based on the diagnosis result of the first voltage V1 when the MCU 230 reads the diagnosis result of the first voltage V1 N times in succession and the diagnosis results of the first voltage V1 are all indicating that the first voltage V1 is an overvoltage or an undervoltage. Where and controlling the BMS to enter a safe state if N is a positive integer.

[0127] In one implementation, the method 500 includes determining whether the diagnosis result of the first voltage V1 is that the first voltage V1 is an overvoltage or an undervoltage. Ruko If the status signal indicates that the first voltage V1 is not an overvoltage or undervoltage, the frequency at which the MCU 230 reads the diagnosis result of the first voltage V1 from the first storage unit is equal to the frequency at which the reading unit reads the status signal. It's not pressure.When the status signal indicates, the frequency at which the MCU 230 reads the diagnostic result of the first voltage V1 from the first storage unit is less than the frequency at which the reading unit reads the status signal.

[0128] In one implementation, the MCU 230 determines whether to control the BMS to enter the safe state based on the diagnosis result of the first voltage V1 by periodically reading the diagnosis result of the first voltage V1 from the primary power supply module 210, and determining whether the diagnosis result of the first voltage V1 read N times in succession indicates that the first voltage V1 is an overvoltage or an undervoltage. Where This includes controlling the BMS to enter a safe state if

[0129] In one implementation, the first voltage V1 monitoring unit is further used to output a status signal, and the status signal is used to indicate a diagnosis result of the first voltage V1, and the secondary power supply module 220 is further used to receive the status signal and to indicate that the diagnosis result of the first voltage V1 is that the first voltage V1 is an overvoltage or an undervoltage. Ruko When this status signal indicates that the second voltage V2 is not being output to the MCU 230, the second voltage V2 is prohibited from being output to the MCU 230.

[0130] In one implementation, the secondary power supply module 220 is further used to diagnose the second voltage V2 and store the diagnosis result of the second voltage V2, where the method 500 further includes the MCU 230 reading the diagnosis result of the second voltage V2 from the secondary power supply module 220, where the method 500 further includes determining whether to control the BMS to enter a safe state based on the diagnosis result of the second voltage V2.

[0131] In one implementation, the method 500 further includes the MCU 230 detecting a status of the MCU 230, and when the MCU 230 detects that the status of the MCU 230 is faulty, sending a fault signal to the secondary power supply module 220, and the MCU 230 receiving a reset signal sent by the secondary power supply module 220 based on the fault signal.

[0132] In one implementation, the MCU 230 and the primary power supply module are connected via an I2C bus, and / or the MCU 230 and the secondary power supply module 220 are connected via an I2C bus.

[0133] In one implementation, the first voltage V1 is 3.3V and the second voltage is 1.8V or 0.8V.

[0134] It should be understood that specific details of various implementations of the method 500 may be referred to the above related description of the MCU 230. For the sake of brevity, no further description will be given here.

[0135] The present application further provides an MCU, which is used to execute the operations performed by the MCU 230 in any one of the above embodiments.

[0136] The present application further provides a BMS, which includes the power management system 200 and the MCU 230 in any one of the above embodiments.

[0137] The present application further provides a battery, the battery including a BMS according to any of the above embodiments.

[0138] Although the present application has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, various modifications can be made thereto and equivalents can be substituted for the components therein without departing from the scope of the present application. In particular, each technical feature mentioned in each embodiment can be combined in any manner unless there is a structural conflict. The present application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed in the specification, but includes all technical solutions included within the scope of the claims. [Explanation of symbols]

[0139] 100 Power Management System 101 Power supply 102 Primary power supply module 104 Voltage Stabilizer Chip 104 Voltage Stabilizer Chip 105 Relay Control Module 106 Wake Up Source 107 Other Loads 200 Power Management System 210 Primary Power Supply Module 220 Secondary Power Supply Module 230 MCU 240 Power supply 250 Wake Up Source 260 Relay Control Module 270 Other Loads

Claims

1. 1. A power management system comprising: A primary power supply module connected to a power source, the primary power supply module including a first voltage conversion unit, a first voltage monitoring unit, and a first storage unit, the first voltage conversion unit being used for generating a first voltage based on a voltage of the power source, the first voltage monitoring unit being used for diagnosing the first voltage, and the first storage unit being used for storing a diagnosis result of the first voltage; a secondary power supply module connected to the primary power supply module, the secondary power supply module including a second voltage conversion unit, the second voltage conversion unit being used to generate a second voltage according to the first voltage, the second voltage being smaller than the first voltage, the second voltage being an operating voltage of a microcontroller unit (MCU); a MCU connected to the primary power supply module and the secondary power supply module, for reading a diagnosis result of the first voltage from the first storage unit, and determining whether to control a battery management system (BMS) to enter a safe state based on the diagnosis result of the first voltage.

2. The first voltage monitoring unit is further adapted to output a status signal, the status signal being adapted to indicate a diagnosis result of the first voltage; 2. The power management system of claim 1, wherein the MCU is specifically used to read the status signal, read the diagnosis result of the first voltage from the first memory unit based on the status signal, and control the BMS to enter a safe state when the diagnosis results of the first voltage read N times consecutively are all that the first voltage is an overvoltage or an undervoltage, where N is a positive integer.

3. when the status signal indicates that the diagnosis result of the first voltage is an overvoltage or an undervoltage, the frequency at which the MCU reads the diagnosis result of the first voltage from the first storage unit is equal to the frequency at which the MCU reads the status signal; and / or 3. The power management system of claim 2, wherein when the status signal indicates that the diagnostic result of the first voltage is not an overvoltage or an undervoltage, the frequency at which the MCU reads the diagnostic result of the first voltage from the first memory unit is less than the frequency at which the MCU reads the status signal.

4. The first voltage monitoring unit is further adapted to output a status signal, the status signal being adapted to indicate a diagnosis result of the first voltage; 2. The power management system of claim 1, wherein the secondary power supply module is further used to receive the status signal and prohibit outputting the second voltage to the MCU when the status signal indicates that a diagnosis result of the first voltage is an overvoltage or an undervoltage.

5. 5. The power management system of claim 4, wherein the MCU is used to periodically read a diagnostic result of the first voltage from the first storage unit, and control the BMS to enter a safe state when the diagnostic result of the first voltage read N times in succession indicates that the first voltage is an overvoltage or an undervoltage.

6. The secondary power supply module further includes a second voltage monitoring unit and a second storage unit, the second voltage monitoring unit is used for diagnosing the second voltage, and the second storage unit is used for storing a diagnosis result of the second voltage; 6. The power management system according to claim 1, wherein the MCU is further used to read the diagnostic result of the second voltage from the second storage unit, and determine whether to control the BMS to enter a safe state based on the diagnostic result of the second voltage.

7. The MCU is further adapted to detect a state of the MCU, and send a fault signal to the secondary power supply module when the state of the MCU is fault; The power management system according to claim 1 , wherein the secondary power supply module is further used for receiving the fault signal and sending a reset signal to the MCU based on the fault signal.

8. a relay control module connected to the primary power supply module and the MCU; The first voltage monitoring unit is further adapted to send a safety signal to the relay control module when a diagnosis result of the first voltage is that the first voltage is an overvoltage or an undervoltage; 8. The power management system of claim 1, wherein the relay control module is adapted to receive the safety signal and, based on the safety signal, control a relay to maintain a connection of a high voltage circuit within a preset length of time.

9. 9. The power management system according to claim 1, wherein the first voltage conversion unit is further used to generate a third voltage based on a voltage of the power source, the third voltage being an operating voltage of another load in the BMS, and the third voltage being greater than the first voltage.

10. 10. The power management system according to claim 1, wherein the MCU and the primary power supply module are connected via an I2C bus, and / or the MCU and the secondary power supply module are connected via an I2C bus.

11. The power management system according to claim 1 , wherein the first voltage is 3.3V and the second voltage is 1.8V or 0.8V.

12. A control method for a power management system, the power management system including: a primary power supply module and a secondary power supply module, wherein the primary power supply module is connected to a power source and is used for generating a first voltage based on a voltage of the power source, diagnosing the first voltage, and storing a diagnosis result of the first voltage; the secondary power supply module is connected to the primary power supply module and is used for generating a second voltage based on the first voltage, the second voltage being smaller than the first voltage, the second voltage being an operating voltage of a micro control unit (MCU), the MCU is connected to the primary power supply module and the secondary power supply module, the method includes: the MCU reading a diagnostic result of the first voltage from the primary power supply module; and determining, by the MCU, whether to control the battery management system BMS to enter a safe state based on a diagnosis result of the first voltage.

13. The method comprises: The MCU further includes reading a status signal output from the primary power supply module, the status signal being used to indicate a diagnostic result of the first voltage; Wherein, determining whether to control the BMS to enter a safe state based on a diagnosis result of the first voltage by the MCU includes:

13. The control method of claim 12, further comprising: the MCU reading a diagnosis result of the first voltage from the primary power supply module based on the status signal; and controlling the BMS to enter a safe state when N consecutively read diagnosis results of the first voltage indicate that the first voltage is an overvoltage or an undervoltage, where N is a positive integer.

14. The method comprises: When the status signal indicates that the diagnostic result of the first voltage is an overvoltage or an undervoltage, the frequency at which the MCU reads the diagnostic result of the first voltage from the first storage unit is equal to the frequency at which the reading unit reads the status signal; or When the status signal indicates that the diagnostic result of the first voltage is not an over-voltage or an under-voltage, the frequency at which the MCU reads the diagnostic result of the first voltage from the first storage unit is less than the frequency at which the reading unit reads the status signal; The method of claim 13 , wherein the primary power supply module includes the first storage unit for storing a diagnostic result of the first voltage.

15. determining whether to control the BMS to enter a safe state based on a diagnosis result of the first voltage by the MCU; 13. The control method of claim 12, further comprising: the MCU periodically reading a diagnostic result of the first voltage from the primary power supply module; and controlling the BMS to enter a safe state when N consecutive reads of the diagnostic result of the first voltage indicate that the first voltage is an overvoltage or an undervoltage.

16. The secondary power supply module is further used for diagnosing the second voltage and storing a diagnosis result of the second voltage; wherein the method comprises: The MCU reads a diagnostic result of the second voltage from the secondary power supply module; 16. The control method of claim 12, further comprising: determining whether to control the BMS to enter a safe state based on a diagnosis result of the second voltage.

17. The method comprises: the MCU detecting a state of the MCU; When the MCU detects that the MCU is in a fault state, sending a fault signal to the secondary power supply module; The control method according to claim 12 , further comprising: the MCU receiving a reset signal transmitted by the secondary power supply module based on the fault signal.

18. A microcontroller unit MCU, adapted to execute a control method for a power management system according to any one of claims 12 to 17.

19. A battery management system (BMS), A power management system according to any one of claims 1 to 11; A battery management system (BMS) including a micro control unit (MCU) according to claim 18.

20. A battery comprising a battery management system BMS according to claim 19.

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