Power Management System

Abstract

To provide a power supply management system configured to be capable of appropriately raising and lowering power reception point power of each facility while performing collection of waste-heat of a power supply device and heat storage of a heat storage unit without waste.SOLUTION: A power supply device 8 in a facility 3 is interconnected with a power system 7 in a state in which power is suppliable to a power load unit 9 and power is suppliable to a power system 7 and in a state in which power is suppliable from the power system 7 to the power load unit 9. The power supply device comprises heat storage units 21, 22 for collecting and storing waste-heat caused by power generation of the power supply device 8 and a heat storage detection unit 23 for detecting heat storage amounts of the heat storage units 21, 22. A management device 2 receives an adjustment force delivery commend and performs command transmission processing of dividing, on the basis of detection values of heat storage detection units 23, an output request value of the received delivery commend into a plurality of values before allocating the values to a plurality of power supply devices 8 and transmitting output control commands for determining output power of the power supply devices 8 corresponding to the allocated values to the plurality of power supply devices 8.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a power management system including power supply devices installed in each of a plurality of facilities and capable of outputting electric power, and a management device capable of communicating with the plurality of power supply devices from outside the facilities. [Background technology]

[0002] As disclosed in Patent Document 1, a power management system that includes a plurality of facilities, power supply devices, and a management device has been proposed based on the concept of a virtual power plant (VPP).

[0003] In the power management system, when a management device receives a command to provide adjustment power, the management device provides the adjustment power of the power supply devices of each facility to the power grid on the day of provision. In this way, by consolidating multiple facilities and power supply devices that are distributed in a distributed manner using the management device, the multiple facilities and power supply devices can function as a single power plant or consumer market. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0004] [Patent Document 1] JP 2018-125907 A Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0005] Many of the facilities and power supply devices described above have a heat storage unit that recovers and stores the exhaust heat generated during power generation. For example, a fuel cell device, which is an example of a power supply device, has a heat storage unit that uses exhaust heat to heat water, stores it as hot water for hot water supply, and supplies the stored hot water to each part of the facility.

[0006] In this case, since the capacity of the heat storage unit is limited, when the power receiving point power is lowered in the power management system, the output power of the power supply device is increased, and after the heat storage in the heat storage unit reaches its limit, the heat storage unit cannot store heat even if the power supply device continues generating electricity. When the power receiving point power is increased, if the output power of the power supply device is decreased when the heat storage in the heat storage unit is insufficient, this may lead to a state in which the heat storage in the heat storage unit is insufficient.

[0007] The present invention aims to configure a power supply management system that can appropriately lower and raise the power at the receiving point of each facility while efficiently recovering exhaust heat from the power supply device and storing heat in the heat storage section. [Means for solving the problem]

[0008] The present invention provides a power supply management system including a power supply device installed in each of a plurality of facilities and capable of outputting electric power, and a management device capable of communicating with the plurality of power supply devices from outside the facilities, wherein the power supply device is capable of supplying electric power to a power load unit and is connected to the power system in a state in which it can supply electric power to the power system and in a state in which it can supply electric power from the power system to the power load unit, and the system is provided with a heat storage unit installed in each of the facilities for recovering and storing exhaust heat associated with power generation by the power supply device, and a heat storage detection unit for detecting the amount of heat stored in the heat storage unit, the management device calculates a predicted heat storage amount of the heat storage unit of each of the plurality of facilities based on a relationship between the heat storage amount based on current and past power information and time, and an average value of the predicted heat storage amounts, and selects the power supply device having the heat storage unit from the plurality of power supply devices based on a difference between the average value and the predicted heat storage amount; The management device receives a supply command for adjustment power, and divides an output request value of the received supply command into a plurality of parts based on a detection value of the thermal storage detection unit. Selected an output control command for allocating the power supply devices to the plurality of power supply devices and determining the output power of the power supply devices according to the allocation value; Selected A command transmission process is performed to transmit commands to the plurality of power supply devices.

[0009] According to the present invention, when the management device receives a supply command, the management device performs the following operations to lower or raise the receiving power of each facility: A predicted heat storage amount of each of the heat storage units of the multiple facilities and an average value of the predicted heat storage amounts are calculated based on the relationship between the heat storage amount based on the current and past power information and the time, and a power supply device having a heat storage unit is selected from the multiple power supply devices based on the difference between the average value and the predicted heat storage amount. Divide the output request value of the supply command into multiple allocation values Selected Assign to each power supply. When the management device reduces the power at the power receiving point in each of the power supply devices, Selected By sending a power receiving point power reduction command as an output control command to the power supply device, the output power of the power supply device is increased based on the allocation value included in the power receiving point reduction command, thereby creating adjustment power. By supplying power equivalent to the allocation value (adjustment power of each facility) to the power grid, the management device is able to supply power (total adjustment power) equivalent to the output request value of the supply command. When increasing the power receiving point power in each of the power supply devices, the management device Selected By sending a power receiving point power increase command as an output control command to the power supply device, the output power of the power supply device is reduced based on the allocation value included in the power receiving point increase command, thereby creating adjustment power. By introducing power equivalent to the allocation value (adjustment power of each facility) to each facility, the management device is able to supply power (total adjustment power) equivalent to the output request value of the supply command.

[0010] According to the present invention, when dividing the output request value of the supply command into a plurality of allocation values ​​and allocating them to each power supply device, A predicted heat storage amount of each of the heat storage units of the facilities is calculated based on the relationship between the heat storage amount based on the current and past power information and the time, and an average value of the predicted heat storage amounts is calculated, and the difference between the average value and the predicted heat storage amount is calculated. Based on Selected power supply By setting the allocation value, Selected In the facility and the power supply device, it is possible to set an allocation value that enables the recovery of exhaust heat from the power supply device and the storage of heat in the heat storage unit without waste. This makes it possible to appropriately lower and raise the power at the receiving point of each facility while efficiently recovering the exhaust heat from the power supply device and storing heat in the heat storage section, thereby improving the efficiency of the power management system.

[0011] In the present invention, it is preferable that the power supply devices include a power supply device whose power generation efficiency or charge / discharge efficiency decreases when the output power of the power supply device decreases.

[0012] Power supply devices installed in facilities may include power supply devices whose power generation efficiency or charge / discharge efficiency decreases when the output power of the power supply device decreases, such as fuel cell devices and charge / discharge devices. According to the present invention, by setting an allocation value based on the amount of heat stored in the heat storage section, it is possible to improve the efficiency of the power supply management system while storing the exhaust heat of the power supply device without waste.

[0013] In the present invention, when the management device issues a power receiving point power reduction command as an output control command to multiple power supply devices in order to reduce the power receiving point of the facility, it is preferable to increase the allocation value for the power supply device in which the detection value of the heat storage detection unit is lower than the other power supply devices, more than the allocation values ​​of the other power supply devices.

[0014] According to the present invention, when the management device issues a power receiving point power reduction command to reduce the power receiving point of the facility, an operation is performed to increase the allocation value of a power supply device having a low amount of heat storage in the heat storage section compared to the allocation values ​​of other power supply devices. As a result, in the power supply device described above, the output power is increased based on the allocation value, and the exhaust heat of the power supply device can be stored without waste, so that a situation in which the heat storage section does not have enough stored heat is rarely caused.

[0015] In the present invention, after the management device issues a power receiving point power reduction command as an output control command to multiple power supply devices in order to reduce the power receiving point of the facility, it is preferable that for the power supply devices whose detection value of the heat storage detection unit has reached a preset value, the output power of the power supply devices is reduced or power generation of the power supply devices is stopped.

[0016] In facilities where the heat storage capacity of the heat storage unit is not very low, if the heat storage capacity of the heat storage unit increases as the power supply unit generates electricity based on the allocation value, the heat storage capacity of the heat storage unit may reach a preset value even though the power supply unit has not completed generating electricity based on the allocation value, resulting in a state in which heat storage in the heat storage unit cannot store heat.

[0017] According to the present invention, after the management device issues a power receiving point power reduction command to reduce the power at the power receiving point of the facility, for a power supply device whose heat storage amount in the heat storage section has reached a set value, the output power of the power supply device is reduced or power generation of the power supply device is stopped, thereby preventing a situation in which the exhaust heat of the power supply device is wasted.

[0018] In the present invention, it is preferable that the remaining allocation value of the power supply device whose output power has been reduced or whose power generation has been stopped is allocated to the power supply device whose detection value of the heat storage detection unit has not reached the set value.

[0019] As described above, when the amount of heat stored in the heat storage unit reaches a set value and a power supply unit has its output power reduced or power generation stopped, there is a possibility that the power supply unit will not be able to cover the entire output request value of the supply command.

[0020] According to the present invention, when the amount of heat stored in the heat storage section reaches a set value and a power supply unit has its output power reduced or power generation stopped, the remainder of the allocation value of the power supply unit with its output power reduced or power generation stopped is allocated to a power supply unit whose amount of heat stored in the heat storage section has not reached the set value. As a result, in a power supply device in which the amount of heat stored in the heat storage unit has not reached the set value, the allocation value is increased, making it easier to meet the output request value of the supply command when reducing the power at the power receiving point.

[0021] In the present invention, when the management device issues a power receiving point power increase command as an output control command to multiple power supply devices in order to increase the power receiving point of the facility, it is preferable to increase the allocation value for the power supply device in which the detection value of the heat storage detection unit is higher than the other power supply devices, more than the allocation values ​​of the other power supply devices.

[0022] In a power supply device with a low amount of stored heat in the heat storage section, there is a high need to generate electricity in the power supply device, recover the exhaust heat of the power supply device, and store heat in the heat storage section, so there is a large margin for heat storage and the exhaust heat of the power supply device can be used effectively. In contrast, in a power supply device with a high amount of stored heat in the heat storage section, there is little need to recover exhaust heat from the power supply device and store heat in the heat storage section, so there is little room for heat storage and it is difficult to effectively utilize the exhaust heat from the power supply device.

[0023] According to the present invention, when the management device issues a command to increase the power receiving point power of the facility, an operation is performed to increase the allocation value of a power supply device having a high amount of heat storage in the heat storage section compared to the allocation values ​​of other power supply devices. As a result, in the power supply device described above, the output power of the power supply device is reduced based on the allocation value, and the exhaust heat of the power supply device can be stored without waste. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0024] [Figure 1] FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the relationship between facilities, a management device, and an aggregation coordinator. [Diagram 2] FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the layout of a facility. [Diagram 3] 11 is a diagram showing a state in which load following control is performed such that the output power of the fuel cell device and the load power of a power load device have the same value. FIG. [Figure 4] FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a state in which the output power of the fuel cell device is increased from the state shown in FIG. 3. [Diagram 5] FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a state in which a predicted amount of heat storage (difference) in a hot water storage tank is predicted. [Figure 6] 11 is a diagram showing a state in which load following control is performed such that the output power of the fuel cell device and the load power of a power load device have the same value. FIG. [Figure 7] FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a state in which the output power of the fuel cell device is reduced from the state shown in FIG. 6. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0025] (Power Management System Overview) 1 and 2 show a power management system 1 having a management device 2 and a plurality of facilities 3. Outside the power management system 1, there exist an aggregation coordinator 4, a supply and demand adjustment market (not shown), a power transmission and distribution company (not shown), and the like.

[0026] The management device 2, also known as a resource aggregator, is an operator that controls consumer-side energy resources by transmitting control information to a fuel cell device 8 and a power load device 9 as consumer-side energy resources to a facility 3 that has entered into a virtual power plant (VPP, virtual power plant) service contract.

[0027] The aggregation coordinator 4 is an operator that aggregates the amount of power controlled by each management device 2 and trades power with general electricity transmission and distribution operators and retail electricity operators in the electricity trading market (supply and demand adjustment market, wholesale electricity market, capacity market, etc.).

[0028] 1 and 2, a management device 2 sequentially collects and stores power information such as output power A1 of a fuel cell device 8, load power B1 of a power load device 9, and power at the receiving point of a power meter 10 at the facility 3 from a plurality of facilities 3. In this embodiment, the term "load power B1 of a power load device 9" refers to the total load power B1 of all power load devices 9 installed in the facility 3.

[0029] The management device 2 predicts the amount of power that can be supplied from each facility 3 in a predetermined time period in the future, and transmits this to the aggregation coordinator 4. This available power is the adjustment capability of the facility 3, such as the ability to increase or decrease the power at the receiving point. In this embodiment, "increasing the power at the receiving point" means increasing the power received from the power system 7 to the power line 14 (forward flow power) or decreasing the reverse flow power from the power line 14 to the power system 7, and "lowering the power at the receiving point" means decreasing the power received from the power system 7 to the power line 14 (forward flow power) or increasing the reverse flow power from the power line 14 to the power system 7.

[0030] For example, in order to increase the receiving point power of facility 3, it is sufficient to at least one of lowering the output power A1 of fuel cell device 8 and increasing the load power B1 of power load device 9. Therefore, the adjustment capacity when increasing the receiving point power of facility 3 indicates how much capacity there is to lower the output power A1 of fuel cell device 8 and how much capacity there is to increase the load power B1 of power load device 9.

[0031] In order to reduce the power receiving point of the facility 3, it is necessary to at least one of increasing the output power A1 of the fuel cell device 8 and reducing the load power B1 of the power load device 9. Therefore, the adjustment capacity when reducing the power receiving point of the facility 3 indicates how much capacity there is to increase the output power A1 of the fuel cell device 8 and how much capacity there is to reduce the load power B1 of the power load device 9.

[0032] The management device 2 determines a baseline power receiving point power for the multiple facilities 3 that it manages. This baseline power receiving point power corresponds to the sum of the power receiving point power of each facility 3 predicted when each facility 3 is not caused to provide adjustment power.

[0033] The aggregation coordinator 4 aggregates the available adjustment power received from each management device 2, and trades with general electricity transmission and distribution companies and electricity retailers by bidding on trading markets such as the supply and demand adjustment market, the wholesale electricity market, and the capacity market. When the aggregation coordinator 4 receives a command to supply adjustment power for a specified future control period from a general electricity transmission and distribution company or an electricity retailer with which it has traded, it distributes and transmits the adjustment power specified in the supply command to each management device 2.

[0034] When the management device 2 receives a supply command from the aggregation coordinator 4, it distributes and transmits the adjustment power specified in the supply command to each facility 3. Each facility 3 is controlled to supply the adjustment power of the fuel cell device 8 as a consumer-side energy resource during a predetermined future control period. As a result, adjustment power is supplied such that the power receiving point of the facility 3 increases or decreases compared to the case where the above-mentioned control is not performed.

[0035] (Facility configuration) As shown in Figure 2, each facility 3 is equipped with a fuel cell device 8 (corresponding to a power supply device), a power load device 9 (corresponding to a power load section), a power meter 10, a gateway 11, a router 12, a remote control 13, a power measurement section 15, etc.

[0036] In the facility 3, a power line 14 is provided, the power line 14 is interconnected with the power system 7, and a power meter 10 is provided on the power line 14. A fuel cell device 8 and a power load device 9 are connected to the power line 14, and a power measurement unit 15 is provided on the power line 14. The power load device 9 is, for example, a lighting device, an air conditioning device, or the like, and can receive a supply of power from at least one of the fuel cell device 8 and the power system 7.

[0037] A remote control 13 is connected to the fuel cell device 8, and a user of the facility 3 can operate the remote control 13 to give commands to the fuel cell device 8. The power meter 10 detects the power at the power receiving point of the facility 3, and the detected power at the power receiving point is transmitted to the management device 2 via the gateway 11 and the router 12.

[0038] (Configuration of fuel cell device) 2, the fuel cell device 8 is provided with a power conversion unit 16, a fuel cell unit 17, a fuel reforming unit 18, a fuel cell control unit 19, and a memory unit 20. The fuel cell unit 17 is connected to the power system 7 via a power line 14, and generates electricity using hydrogen generated by the fuel reforming unit 18 from city gas or the like as fuel gas.

[0039] The power generated by the fuel cell unit 17 is converted by the power conversion unit 16 to a predetermined voltage, frequency and phase and supplied to the power line 14, and a fuel cell control unit 19 controls the operation of the fuel cell unit 17 and the power conversion unit 16. Information handled by the fuel cell device 8 is stored in a memory unit 20.

[0040] The fuel cell control unit 19 can perform load following control (see Figure 3) to increase or decrease the output power A1 of the fuel cell device 8 so that the detection value of the power (power supplied from the power grid 7) detected by the power measuring unit 15 becomes zero (so that the output power A1 of the fuel cell device 8 and the load power B1 of the power load device 9 become the same value). Separate from the load following control, the fuel cell control unit 19 can perform control to increase or decrease the output power A1 of the fuel cell device 8 so that the power at the power receiving point of the facility 3 detected by the power meter 10 becomes a predetermined power value. The fuel cell control unit 19 can maintain the output power A1 of the fuel cell device 8 at the upper limit value AM1 to perform continuous operation (rated output operation).

[0041] The above three controls of the fuel cell device 8 are performed in a form of adjusting the output power from the fuel cell device 8 to the power line 14 between an upper limit value AM1 and a lower limit value AM2 (see Figs. 3 and 4). Generally, in the fuel cell device 8, when the output power A1 of the fuel cell device 8 decreases, the power generation efficiency of the fuel cell device 8 decreases.

[0042] The fuel cell control unit 19 has information about the output power A1 supplied from the power conversion unit 16 to the power line 14 and information about the power measured by the power meter 10, and is therefore able to derive the load power B1 (=output power A1+measured power) of the power load device 9. When the sign of the power measured by the power meter 10 is positive (forward power flow) (received power), this means that the load power B1 is greater than the output power A1 of the fuel cell device 8, and when the sign of the power measured by the power meter 10 is negative (reverse power flow), this means that the output power A1 of the fuel cell device 8 is greater than the load power B1.

[0043] When the detection value of the power measuring unit 15 is a positive value, it means that the power of the power system 7 is being introduced into the power line 14, and that the output power A1 of the fuel cell device 8 is smaller than the load power B1 of the power load device 9. When the detection value of the power measuring unit 15 is a negative value, it means that the power of the power line 14 is being supplied to the power system 7, and that the output power A1 of the fuel cell device 8 is larger than the load power B1 of the power load device 9.

[0044] Increasing the receiving point power means increasing the receiving power from the power system 7 to the power line 14, or decreasing the reverse flow power from the power line 14 to the power system 7. Reducing the receiving point power means decreasing the receiving power from the power system 7 to the power line 14, or increasing the reverse flow power from the power line 14 to the power system 7.

[0045] (Configuration of heat exchanger and hot water tank) As shown in FIG. 2, the fuel cell device 8 is provided with a heat exchanger 21 (corresponding to a heat storage section) and a hot water storage tank 22 (corresponding to a heat storage section), and the exhaust heat associated with the power generation of the fuel cell device 8 (fuel cell section 17) is recovered by the heat exchanger 21 and stored in the hot water storage tank 22 in the form of hot water, as described below.

[0046] Clean water is supplied to the bottom of the hot water storage tank 22, and the hot water in the hot water storage tank 22 is supplied to the heat exchanger 21 by a pump (not shown). Combustion exhaust gas from the fuel cell section 17 is supplied to the heat exchanger 21, and the hot water supplied to the heat exchanger 21 is heated by recovering heat (exhaust heat) from the combustion exhaust gas, and is returned to the hot water storage tank 22.

[0047] As a result, relatively low temperature hot water is stored in the lower part of hot water storage tank 22, and relatively high temperature hot water is stored in the upper part of hot water storage tank 22, and the high temperature hot water in the upper part of hot water storage tank 22 is supplied to a heat load section (not shown) for hot water supply, heating, etc. Even if the high temperature hot water in the upper part of hot water storage tank 22 is consumed, clean water is supplied to the lower part of hot water storage tank 22 as described above, so hot water storage tank 22 is maintained in a full water state.

[0048] (Configuration of heat accumulation detection unit) As shown in FIG. 2, the fuel cell device 8 is provided with a heat accumulation detection unit 23, which detects the amount of heat accumulation K in the hot water storage tank 22 and transmits it to the memory unit 20, as described below.

[0049] The inside of hot water tank 22 is divided into many regions, and a temperature sensor (not shown) for detecting the temperature of hot water is provided in each region. The heat storage amount of a region is calculated by multiplying the detected value of the temperature sensor of the region by the volume of the region. This process is performed for each region of hot water tank 22, and the sum of the heat storage amounts of the regions is calculated as the heat storage amount K of hot water tank 22.

[0050] As a result, when the detection values ​​of the temperature sensors in all areas reach a pre-set high temperature (for example, 50°C), the amount of heat stored K in the hot water storage tank 22 has reached the pre-set upper limit, the set value KM, and the hot water storage tank 22 is no longer able to store any more heat.

[0051] In the fuel cell device 8, when the amount of heat stored K in the hot water storage tank 22 reaches a set value KM and becomes fully charged, the fuel cell control unit 19 can stop operation of the fuel cell device 8 or perform processing to reduce the amount of heat stored K in the hot water storage tank 22. Examples of processes for reducing the amount of stored heat K include a process in which the hot water supplied to the heat exchanger 21 from the bottom of the hot water storage tank 22 is cooled by a heat dissipation fan (not shown) and returned to the top of the hot water storage tank 22, or a process in which the hot water in the hot water storage tank 22 is discharged to the outside from the bottom of the hot water storage tank 22 and low-temperature clean water is supplied into the hot water storage tank 22 from the bottom of the hot water storage tank 22.

[0052] When the heat storage amount K of the hot water storage tank 22 reaches the set value KM and becomes full, if the operation of the fuel cell device 8 is stopped, even if the operation in the first operating mode is aimed at the output power A1 (allocation value) determined based on the output control command, this output power A1 cannot be supplied. Therefore, for a fuel cell device 8 that may encounter such a situation, it is not appropriate to assign an allocation value, or it is necessary to set an allocation value that is lower than the allocation values ​​assigned to other fuel cell devices 8.

[0053] In the first operating mode, if the amount of heat stored in the hot water storage tank 22 is reduced by cooling or draining the hot water in the hot water storage tank 22 in order to supply the output power A1 (allocated value) determined based on the output control command, the amount of heat cooled or drained is wasted, and it is difficult to say that the exhaust heat from the fuel cell device 8 is being used effectively.

[0054] Therefore, in this embodiment, the processing described in (Flow among the management device, aggregation coordinator, and supply and demand adjustment market) to (Processing of the management device that has received a command to provide negative adjustment power) (part 3) described below is performed.

[0055] (Adjustment capacity in facilities) The state shown in Figure 3 is a state in which the output power A1 of the fuel cell device 8 and the load power B1 of the power load device 9 are the same value, and the output power A1 of the fuel cell device 8 is lower than the upper limit value AM1.As shown in Figure 4, it is possible to increase the output power A1 of the fuel cell device 8 to near the upper limit value AM1.

[0056] 3 and 4, when an operation to increase the output power A1 of the fuel cell device 8 is performed and the output power A1 of the fuel cell device 8 becomes greater than the load power B1 of the power load device 9, the difference between the output power A1 of the fuel cell device 8 and the load power B1 of the power load device 9 becomes positive adjustment power A2P. Positive adjustment power A2P is surplus power of the facility 3, and can be supplied from the facility 3 to the power grid 7.

[0057] The state shown in Figure 6 is a state in which the output power A1 of the fuel cell device 8 and the load power B1 of the power load device 9 have the same value, and the output power A1 of the fuel cell device 8 is approximately the same as the upper limit value AM1, and as shown in Figure 7, it is possible to operate the output power A1 of the fuel cell device 8 to decrease.

[0058] 6 and 7, when an operation to reduce the output power A1 of the fuel cell device 8 is performed and the output power A1 of the fuel cell device 8 becomes smaller than the load power B1 of the power load device 9, the difference between the output power A1 of the fuel cell device 8 and the load power B1 of the power load device 9 becomes the negative adjustment capability A2M. The negative adjustment capability A2M is the power shortage of the facility 3, and is the power that can be introduced from the power grid 7 to the power load device 9.

[0059] In each of the facilities 3, positive adjustment power A2P or negative adjustment power A2M is generated due to changes in the power generation state of the fuel cell device 8 or changes in the load state of the power load device 9. The sum of the positive adjustment powers A2P of the facilities 3 is the power that can be supplied by the power source management system 1 (total adjustment power), and the sum of the negative adjustment powers A2M of the facilities 3 is the power that can be introduced by the power source management system 1 (total adjustment power).

[0060] (Flow between the management device, aggregation coordinator and supply and demand adjustment market) As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the management device 2 collects and stores various types of power information from each of the facilities 3, such as the power at the receiving point, the detection value of the power measuring unit 15, the amount of heat stored K in the hot water storage tank 22 (the detection value of the heat storage detection unit 23), and information on the fuel cell device 8.

[0061] Based on current and past power information, the management device 2 predicts the future generation state of positive and negative adjustment power A2P, A2M in the facility 3, predicts the total positive adjustment power A2P and the total negative adjustment power A2M, and calculates the supplyable power for the control period based on these.

[0062] If the supplyable power in the control period can satisfy the adjustment capacity (output request value) in the control period in the supply command from the aggregation coordinator 4, the management device 2 transmits to the aggregation coordinator 4 a message indicating that the supply command can be complied with. Note that, if the supplyable power does not satisfy the output request value in the supply command, the management device 2 may transmit the supplyable power in the control period to the aggregation coordinator 4.

[0063] The available power supply may be, for example, "power supply of xx kW can be made available from xx o'clock to xx o'clock on xx day of xx month in the future" or "power supply of xx kW can be introduced from xx o'clock to xx o'clock on xx day of xx month in the future." Similar information is also transmitted to the aggregation coordinator 4 from the management devices 2 of other power supply management systems 1.

[0064] The aggregation coordinator 4 bids in the supply and demand adjustment market based on information (such as available power) from a plurality of power management systems 1, and trades with the power transmission and distribution business operator. When a transaction is concluded between the aggregation coordinator 4 and the power transmission and distribution company as a result of the transaction, the aggregation coordinator 4 transmits a supply command to each of the power management systems 1 (management devices 2).

[0065] The management device 2 issues output control commands to the multiple fuel cell devices 8 to determine the output power A1 of the fuel cell devices 8. The output control commands issued by the management device 2 to the facilities 3 include a power receiving point power decrease command to decrease the power receiving point of the facilities 3, and a power receiving point power increase command to increase the power receiving point of the facilities 3. Note that the management device 2 may also issue an output control designation command to maintain the power receiving point power.

[0066] When the fuel cell device 8 receives an output control command from the management device 2, it operates in a first operating mode aiming to provide output power A1 determined based on the output control command according to the amount of heat stored in the hot water tank 22 during the control period covered by the output control command. In periods other than the output control period, the fuel cell device 8 operates in a second operation mode different from the first operation mode. The second operation mode of the fuel cell device 8 includes the load following control and rated output operation described above in (Facility configuration).

[0067] (Processing of the management device that received a command to provide positive control power) (Part 1) When the management device 2 receives a command to supply positive adjustment power (when the management device 2 issues a command to reduce power at the receiving point as an output control command), for example, on the morning of the day that power is to be supplied to the power grid 7 or several hours before supplying power to the power grid 7, the management device 2 selects a fuel cell device 8 that is capable of supplying output power from the fuel cell devices 8 as described below.

[0068] As shown in Figure 5, the management device 2 predicts the future heat storage amount K of the hot water storage tank 22 in each facility 3, assuming that a positive adjustment power supply command is not executed, using the relationship equation F1 between the heat storage amount K of the hot water storage tank 22 based on current and past power information and time, and predicts the predicted heat storage amount K1 of the heat storage amount K of the hot water storage tank 22 at the end of the execution of the positive adjustment power supply command (time TE at the end of the control period).

[0069] When the predicted heat storage amount K1 of the hot water tank 22 is predicted, the difference between the set value KM described above (Configuration of the heat storage detection unit) and the predicted heat storage amount K1 of the hot water tank 22 is obtained as the difference KS. In a fuel cell device 8 with a low predicted heat storage amount K1 in the hot water storage tank 22 (a fuel cell device 8 with a large difference KS), this means that there is a large reserve capacity for recovering exhaust heat from the fuel cell device 8 and storing heat in the hot water storage tank 22, which means that there is a high need for the fuel cell device 8 to generate electricity and that there is a large surplus of positive adjustment power to be supplied to the power grid 7.

[0070] In a fuel cell device 8 with a high predicted heat storage amount K1 in the hot water storage tank 22 (a fuel cell device 8 with a small difference KS), this means that there is little capacity left to recover exhaust heat from the fuel cell device 8 and store heat in the hot water storage tank 22, which means that there is little need for the fuel cell device 8 to generate electricity and there is little capacity left to supply positive adjustment power to the power grid 7.

[0071] As a result, the management device 2 calculates the average value of the predicted heat storage amount K1 of the hot water storage tank 22 of all the fuel cell devices 8, and selects the fuel cell devices 8 whose predicted heat storage amount K1 of the hot water storage tank 22 is lower than the average value as the fuel cell devices 8 that can supply output power. The fuel cell devices 8 whose predicted heat storage amount K1 of the hot water storage tank 22 is higher than the average value are excluded from the selection as the fuel cell devices 8 that cannot supply output power.

[0072] (Processing of the management device that received a command to provide positive control power) (Part 2) After selecting a fuel cell device 8 capable of supplying output power, the management device 2 divides the output request value of the positive adjustment power supply command into multiple allocation values ​​based on the predicted heat storage amount K1 (difference KS) of the hot water storage tank 22, as described below, and allocates the allocation values ​​to the fuel cell devices 8 capable of supplying output power.

[0073] For example, suppose there are fuel cell devices 8(A), 8(B), 8(C), 8(D), and 8(E) that can supply output power. Among the fuel cell devices 8(A) to 8(E), the magnitude relationship of the predicted heat storage amounts K1 in the hot water storage tank 22 is fuel cell device 8(A), 8(E)<fuel cell device 8(C)<fuel cell device 8(B), 8(D), and the magnitude relationship of the differences KS is fuel cell device 8(A), 8(E)>fuel cell device 8(C)>fuel cell device 8(B), 8(D).

[0074] In this case, for example, 30% of the output request value of the positive adjustment power supply command is assigned as an allocation value to the fuel cell device 8(A), and 30% of the output request value of the positive adjustment power supply command is assigned as an allocation value to the fuel cell device 8(E).

[0075] For example, 20% of the output request value of the command to supply positive regulation power is allocated to the fuel cell device 8(C) as an allocation value. For example, 10% of the output request value of the positive regulation power supply command is assigned as an allocation value to fuel cell device 8(B), and 10% of the output request value of the positive regulation power supply command is assigned as an allocation value to fuel cell device 8(D).

[0076] As described above, the output request value of the command to supply positive regulation power is divided into a plurality of allocation values ​​based on the magnitude of the predicted heat storage amount K1 (difference KS) of the hot water storage tank 22. When a power receiving point power reduction command is issued as an output control command to multiple fuel cell devices 8 to reduce the power receiving point of facility 3, the allocation value becomes larger in fuel cell devices 8 with a low predicted heat storage amount K1 in the hot water storage tank 22 (fuel cell devices 8 with a large difference KS), and the allocation value becomes smaller in fuel cell devices 8 with a high predicted heat storage amount K1 in the hot water storage tank 22 (fuel cell devices 8 with a small difference KS) (this corresponds to a state in which, for a power supply device whose detection value of the heat storage detection unit is lower than the other power supply devices, the allocation value is increased above the allocation values ​​of the other power supply devices).

[0077] (Processing of the management device that received a command to provide positive control power) (Part 3) After an allocation value has been assigned to the fuel cell device 8, when supplying power to the power grid 7, the management device 2 issues a power receiving point power reduction command as an output control command to the multiple fuel cell devices 8 in order to reduce the power receiving point of the facility 3 (this corresponds to a command transmission process of transmitting an output control command to the multiple power supply devices, which determines the output power of the power supply device according to the allocation value).

[0078] As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, in the facility 3, the output power A1 of the fuel cell device 8 is increased based on the allocation value to generate a positive adjustment power A2P. By providing the positive adjustment power A2P created in each of the fuel cell devices 8 to the power grid 7, the management device 2 is able to provide the summed positive adjustment power as power equivalent to the output request value of the supply command.

[0079] When the output power A1 of the fuel cell device 8 is increased based on the allocation value, it is assumed that, due to an error contained in the predicted heat storage amount K1 (difference KS) of the hot water storage tank 22 and the allocation value, a fuel cell device 8 occurs in which the actual heat storage amount K of the hot water storage tank 22 reaches the set value KM before the allocated allocation value is reached.

[0080] In this case, the management device 2 stops power generation of the fuel cell device 8 when the actual amount of heat storage K in the hot water storage tank 22 reaches the set value KM2. The management device 2 divides the remaining allocation value of the stopped fuel cell device 8 into multiple parts, and allocates the remaining divided allocation value to the fuel cell device 8 for which the actual heat storage amount K of the hot water storage tank 22 has not reached the set value KM. Therefore, the output power A1 of the fuel cell device 8 to which the remaining divided allocation value is allocated is operated to be slightly increased from the initial schedule.

[0081] (Processing of the management device that received a command to provide negative control capacity) (Part 1) When the management device 2 receives a command to supply negative adjustment power (when the management device 2 issues a command to increase power at the receiving point as an output control command), the management device 2 selects a fuel cell device 8 of a facility 3 to which power can be introduced, as described below.

[0082] As described above in (Processing of the management device that receives a command to supply positive adjustment power) (Part 1) and as shown in Figure 5, the management device 2 predicts the future heat storage amount K of the hot water storage tank 22 in each facility 3, assuming that a command to supply negative adjustment power is not executed, using the relationship equation F1 between the heat storage amount K of the hot water storage tank 22 and time based on current and past power information, and predicts the predicted heat storage amount K1 of the heat storage amount K of the hot water storage tank 22 at the end of execution of the command to supply negative adjustment power (time TE at the end of the control period).

[0083] When the predicted heat storage amount K1 of the hot water tank 22 is predicted, the difference between the set value KM described above (Configuration of the heat storage detection unit) and the predicted heat storage amount K1 of the hot water tank 22 is obtained as the difference KS. In a fuel cell device 8 with a low predicted heat storage amount K1 in the hot water storage tank 22 (a fuel cell device 8 with a large difference KS), this means that there is a large reserve capacity for recovering exhaust heat from the fuel cell device 8 and storing heat in the hot water storage tank 22, which means that there is a high need for the fuel cell device 8 to generate electricity and there is little capacity to provide negative adjustment power.

[0084] In a fuel cell device 8 with a high predicted heat storage amount K1 in the hot water storage tank 22 (a fuel cell device 8 with a small difference KS), this means that there is little capacity available for recovering exhaust heat from the fuel cell device 8 and storing heat in the hot water storage tank 22, meaning that there is little need for the fuel cell device 8 to generate electricity and there is a large leeway for providing negative adjustment power.

[0085] As a result, the management device 2 calculates the average value of the predicted heat storage amount K1 of the hot water storage tank 22 of all the fuel cell devices 8, and selects the fuel cell devices 8 whose predicted heat storage amount K1 of the hot water storage tank 22 is higher than the average value as the fuel cell devices 8 that can introduce electric power to the facility 3. The fuel cell devices 8 whose predicted heat storage amount K1 of the hot water storage tank 22 is lower than the average value are excluded from the selection as the fuel cell devices 8 that cannot introduce electric power to the facility 3.

[0086] (Processing of the management device that received a command to provide negative control capacity) (Part 2) After selecting a fuel cell device 8 that can introduce electric power to the facility 3, the management device 2 divides the output request value of the negative adjustment power supply command into multiple allocation values ​​based on the predicted heat storage amount K1 (difference KS) of the hot water storage tank 22, as described below, and allocates the allocation values ​​to the fuel cell devices 8 that can introduce electric power to the facility 3.

[0087] For example, suppose there are fuel cell devices 8(A), 8(B), 8(C), 8(D), and 8(E) that can introduce electric power into facility 3. Among fuel cell devices 8(A) to 8(E), the magnitude relationship of predicted heat storage amounts K1 in hot water storage tanks 22 is fuel cell device 8(A), 8(E)<fuel cell device 8(C)<fuel cell device 8(B), 8(D), and the magnitude relationship of differences KS is fuel cell device 8(A), 8(E)>fuel cell device 8(C)>fuel cell device 8(B), 8(D).

[0088] In this case, for example, 30% of the output request value of the negative adjustment power supply command is assigned as an allocation value to fuel cell device 8(B), and 30% of the output request value of the negative adjustment power supply command is assigned as an allocation value to fuel cell device 8(D).

[0089] For example, 20% of the output request value of the command to supply negative regulation power is allocated to the fuel cell device 8(C) as an allocation value. For example, 10% of the output request value of the negative adjustment power supply command is assigned as an allocation value to the fuel cell device 8(A), and 10% of the output request value of the negative adjustment power supply command is assigned as an allocation value to the fuel cell device 8(E).

[0090] As described above, the output request value of the command to supply negative regulation power is divided into a plurality of allocation values ​​based on the magnitude of the predicted heat storage amount K1 (difference KS) of the hot water storage tank 22. When a power receiving point power increase command is issued as an output control command to multiple fuel cell devices 8 to increase the power receiving point of facility 3, the allocation value becomes smaller in fuel cell devices 8 with a low predicted heat storage amount K1 in the hot water storage tank 22 (fuel cell devices 8 with a large difference KS), and the allocation value becomes larger in fuel cell devices 8 with a high predicted heat storage amount K1 in the hot water storage tank 22 (fuel cell devices 8 with a small difference KS) (this corresponds to a state in which, for a power supply device whose detection value of the heat storage detection unit is higher than the other power supply devices, the allocation value is increased above the allocation values ​​of the other power supply devices).

[0091] (Processing of the management device that received the command to provide negative control capacity) (Part 3) After the allocation value is assigned to the fuel cell device 8, when power is introduced from the power grid 7, the management device 2 issues a power receiving point power increase command as an output control command to the multiple fuel cell devices 8 in order to increase the power receiving point of the facility 3 (this corresponds to a command transmission process of transmitting an output control command to the multiple power supply devices, which determines the output power of the power supply device according to the allocation value).

[0092] As shown in Figs. 6 to 7, in the facility 3, the output power A1 of the fuel cell device 8 is reduced based on the allocated value, and a negative adjustment power A2M is created. By supplying the negative adjustment power A2M created in each of the fuel cell devices 8 to the power grid 7, the management device 2 is able to supply the summed negative adjustment power as power equivalent to the output request value of the supply command.

[0093] (First Alternative Embodiment of the Invention) In the facility 3, a plurality of fuel cell devices 8 may be provided, and a plurality of power load devices 9 may be provided.

[0094] (Second Alternative Embodiment of the Invention) In the facility 3, the heat exchanger 21 and the hot water storage tank 22 may not be provided in the fuel cell device 8, but may be provided separately from the fuel cell device 8 as devices independent of the fuel cell device 8. Instead of the hot water storage tank 22, a heat storage unit that uses a heat medium other than water may be used.

[0095] (Third Alternative Embodiment of the Invention) In the above (Processing of the management device that receives a command to supply positive adjustment capacity) (Part 2) and (Processing of the management device that receives a command to supply negative adjustment capacity) (Part 2), the numerical values ​​(30%, 20%, 10%) of the allocation value of the output request value of the command to supply positive adjustment capacity (negative adjustment capacity) are just examples, and there are many other numerical values ​​for the allocation value, such as (30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%), etc.

[0096] (Fourth Alternative Embodiment of the Invention) In the above (processing of the management device that receives a command to supply positive adjustment power) (part 3), if a fuel cell device 8 occurs in which the actual heat storage amount K of the hot water storage tank 22 reaches the set value KM before the allocated allocation value is covered, in this fuel cell device 8, instead of stopping power generation, an operation to reduce the output power A1 may be performed as described below.

[0097] When the output power A1 of the fuel cell device 8 is reduced, the output power A1 may be reduced by a fixed value.

[0098] When emphasis is placed on the set value KM of the hot water storage tank 22, the state of coverage of the allocation value when the actual heat storage amount K of the hot water storage tank 22 reaches the set value KM is detected, and if the remaining allocation value is large, the output power A1 of the fuel cell device 8 is reduced significantly, and if the remaining allocation value is small, the output power A1 of the fuel cell device 8 is reduced slightly.

[0099] When emphasis is placed on covering the allocation value, the covering state of the allocation value when the actual heat storage amount K of the hot water storage tank 22 reaches the set value KM is detected, and if a large amount of the allocation value remains, the output power A1 of the fuel cell device 8 is reduced slightly, and if a small amount of the allocation value remains, the output power A1 of the fuel cell device 8 is reduced significantly.

[0100] (Fifth Alternative Embodiment of the Invention) In the above-mentioned (Processing of the management device that receives a command to supply positive adjustment power) (part 3), if a fuel cell device 8 occurs in which the output power A1 of the fuel cell device 8 has reached an upper limit value AM1 (see Figure 4) while the output power A1 of the fuel cell device 8 has been increased based on the allocation value, the management device 2 may perform processing as described below.

[0101] The output power A1 of the fuel cell device 8 described above is maintained at an upper limit value AM1, and the remainder of the allocated value of the fuel cell device 8 is divided into a plurality of parts. Among the fuel cell devices 8 that have been excluded from selection as fuel cell devices 8 that cannot be supplied as described in the above (Processing of the management device that has received a command to supply positive adjustment power) (part 1), the remainder of the above-mentioned divided allocation value is allocated to the fuel cell device 8 whose predicted heat storage amount K1 in the hot water storage tank 22 is slightly higher than the average value, and a command to reduce the power receiving point is issued to this fuel cell device 8.

[0102] (Sixth Alternative Embodiment of the Invention) In the above-mentioned (Processing of the management device that receives a command to supply negative adjustment power) (part 3), if a fuel cell device 8 occurs in which the output power A1 of the fuel cell device 8 has reached a lower limit value AM2 (see Figure 7) while the output power A1 of the fuel cell device 8 is being reduced based on the allocation value, the management device 2 may perform processing as described below.

[0103] The output power A1 of the fuel cell device 8 described above is maintained at the lower limit value AM2, and the remainder of the allocated value of the fuel cell device 8 is divided into a plurality of parts. Among the fuel cell devices 8 that have been excluded from selection as fuel cell devices 8 that cannot be introduced as described in the above (Processing of the management device that has received a command to supply negative adjustment power) (part 1), the remainder of the above-mentioned divided allocation value is allocated to the fuel cell device 8 whose predicted heat storage amount K1 in the hot water storage tank 22 is slightly lower than the average value, and a command to increase the power receiving point is issued to this fuel cell device 8.

[0104] (Seventh Alternative Embodiment of the Invention) In the above-mentioned (Processing of the management device that has received a command to supply positive regulation power) (part 1), when predicting the predicted heat storage amount K1 of the hot water storage tank 22, the heat storage amount K of the hot water storage tank 22 at the time when the command to supply positive regulation power starts to be executed may be set as the predicted heat storage amount K1. Alternatively, the heat storage amount K of the hot water storage tank 22 at a time between the time when the command to supply positive regulation power starts to be executed and the time when the command to supply positive regulation power ends to be executed may be set as the predicted heat storage amount K1.

[0105] (Eighth Alternative Embodiment of the Invention) In the above-mentioned (Processing of the management device that has received a command to supply negative regulation power) (part 1), when predicting the predicted heat storage amount K1 of the hot water storage tank 22, the heat storage amount K of the hot water storage tank 22 at the time when the command to supply negative regulation power starts to be executed may be set as the predicted heat storage amount K1. Alternatively, the heat storage amount K of the hot water storage tank 22 at a time between the time when the command to supply negative regulation power starts to be executed and the time when the command to supply negative regulation power ends to be executed may be set as the predicted heat storage amount K1.

[0106] In this case, in the above-mentioned (Processing of the management device that receives a command to supply positive adjustment power) (part 1) and (Processing of the management device that receives a command to supply negative adjustment power) (part 1), the time at which the predicted heat storage amount K1 of the hot water storage tank 22 is predicted may be different from each other.

[0107] (Ninth Alternative Embodiment of the Invention) In the above embodiment, the amount of heat stored K in the hot water tank 22 means an absolute value, but the amount of heat stored K in the hot water tank 22 may be a ratio (heat storage rate) of the actual amount of heat stored in the hot water tank 22 to the amount of heat stored in the full storage state of the hot water tank 22.

[0108] (Tenth Alternative Embodiment of the Invention) In the above embodiment, a specific example of the configuration of the power supply management system of the present invention has been given and explained, but the configuration can be modified as appropriate. For example, in the above embodiment, an example has been described in which the power supply unit of the power supply device includes the fuel cell unit 17, but the power supply unit may be another device capable of outputting electric power. For example, the power supply unit may be a device including a charge / discharge unit such as a storage battery. In that case, a charge / discharge device is realized that has the functions of a power supply device used in a power management system and the power supply unit includes a charge / discharge unit. Alternatively, the power supply unit may be a device including an engine and a generator driven by the engine.

[0109] The configurations disclosed in the above embodiments (including alternative embodiments, the same applies below) can be applied in combination with configurations disclosed in other embodiments, unless a contradiction arises. Furthermore, the embodiments disclosed in this specification are illustrative, and the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto, and can be appropriately modified within the scope that does not deviate from the purpose of the present invention. [Industrial Applicability]

[0110] The present invention can be applied to a power management system capable of providing adjustment power. [Explanation of symbols]

[0111] 2 Management device 3. Facilities 7 Power system 8 Fuel cell device (power supply device) 9 Power load device (power load section) 21 Heat exchanger (heat storage section) 22 Hot water tank (heat storage section) 23 Heat storage detector A1 Output power A2P adjustment power A2M adjustment force K heat storage amount KM setting value

Claims

1. A power supply management system including a power supply device installed in each of a plurality of facilities and capable of outputting electric power, and a management device capable of communicating with the plurality of power supply devices from outside the facilities, the power supply device is connected to the power grid in a state in which it can supply power to a power load, and in a state in which it can supply power to the power grid and from the power grid to the power load, a heat storage unit that is installed in each of the facilities and that recovers and stores exhaust heat generated by the power generation of the power supply device; a heat storage detector that detects the amount of heat stored in the heat storage unit, the management device calculates a predicted heat storage amount of the heat storage unit of each of the plurality of facilities based on a relationship between the heat storage amount based on current and past power information and time, and an average value of the predicted heat storage amounts, and selects the power supply device having the heat storage unit from the plurality of power supply devices based on a difference between the average value and the predicted heat storage amount; The management device receives a command to supply adjustment power, and based on the detection value of the heat storage detection unit, divides the output request value of the received supply command into multiple parts and allocates it to the selected multiple power supply devices, and transmits output control commands to the selected multiple power supply devices that determine the output power of the power supply devices according to the allocated values.This is a power management system.

2. The power management system according to claim 1 , wherein the power supply devices include a power supply device whose power generation efficiency or charge / discharge efficiency decreases when the output power of the power supply device decreases.

3. 3. The power management system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein when the management device issues a power receiving point power reduction command as an output control command to a plurality of power supply devices in order to reduce the power receiving point of the facility, the allocation value for a power supply device whose detection value of the heat storage detection unit is lower than the other power supply devices is increased above the allocation values ​​of the other power supply devices.

4. A power management system as described in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein, after the management device issues a power receiving point power reduction command as an output control command to multiple power supply devices in order to reduce the power receiving point of the facility, for a power supply device whose detection value of the heat storage detection unit has reached a preset value, the output power of the power supply device is reduced or power generation of the power supply device is stopped.

5. 5. The power management system according to claim 4, wherein the remaining allocation value of the power supply device whose output power has been reduced or whose power generation has been stopped is allocated to the power supply device whose detection value of the heat accumulation detection unit has not reached the set value.

6. A power management system as described in any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein when the management device issues a power receiving point power increase command as an output control command to multiple power supply devices in order to increase the power receiving point of the facility, for a power supply device whose detection value of the heat storage detection unit is higher than those of the other power supply devices, the allocation value is increased more than the allocation values ​​of the other power supply devices.

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