Audio output device and wearable device

Abstract

An audio output device according to an embodiment of the present application includes a first piezoelectric element configured to generate vibrations based on an audio signal, a fixing structure configured to fix the audio output device in a position near a user's ear without blocking the user's auditory canal, an end of which is connected to one end of the first piezoelectric element, and a vibration transmission member including an ear hook and an output assembly, one end of the ear hook being connected to an end of the first piezoelectric element away from the fixing structure and the other end being connected to the output assembly, the output assembly receiving the vibrations of the first piezoelectric element via the ear hook and outputting sound, and a frequency response curve of the sound having at least two resonant peaks.

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present specification relates to the field of audio, and in particular to audio output devices and wearable devices. [Background technology]

[0002] A piezoelectric ceramic-driven acoustic output device vibrates due to the inverse piezoelectric effect of the piezoelectric ceramic material and emits sound waves to the outside. Compared to conventional electrodynamic acoustic output devices, piezoelectric ceramic-driven acoustic output devices have the advantages of high electromechanical conversion efficiency, low energy consumption, small volume, and high integration. Compared to conventional electromagnetic acoustic output devices, piezoelectric ceramic-driven acoustic output devices have poor response at low frequencies. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0003] In order to solve the above problems, it is desirable to provide an acoustic output device that has good response at low frequencies and few vibration modes within a target frequency range. [Means for solving the problem]

[0004] An audio output device according to one embodiment of the present specification includes a first piezoelectric element configured to generate vibrations based on an audio signal, a fixing structure configured to fix the audio output device in a position near a user's ear so as not to block the user's auditory canal, an end of which is connected to one end of the first piezoelectric element, and a vibration transmission member including an ear hook and an output assembly, one end of the ear hook being connected to an end of the first piezoelectric element away from the fixing structure and the other end being connected to the output assembly, the output assembly receiving the vibrations of the first piezoelectric element via the ear hook and outputting sound, and a frequency response curve of the sound having at least two resonant peaks.

[0005] In some embodiments, the output assembly includes a contact surface that contacts a facial area of ​​a user, an end of the ear hook is connected to one side of the output assembly and has a first connection surface, a projection of the ear hook onto the first connection surface is an ear hook projection curve that passes through a center point of the first connection surface and is tangent to the ear hook projection curve to form a first straight line, and the range of the included angle between the contact surface and the first straight line is 0° to 50°.

[0006] In some embodiments, the ear hook is connected to the first piezoelectric element and has a second connection surface, a connection point between the ear hook and the first piezoelectric element is located on the second connection surface, a line connecting the connection point between the ear hook and the first piezoelectric element and the connection point between the ear hook and the output assembly is defined as a second straight line, and the range of the included angle between the projection of the first piezoelectric element onto the second connection surface and the second straight line is -20° to 20°.

[0007] In some embodiments, when a user wears the acoustic output device, a contact surface of the output assembly is applied to an area of ​​the user's face adjacent to the user's ears.

[0008] In some embodiments, the fixing structure has elasticity and is arranged to be hooked onto the back of the user's head when the user wears the audio output device.

[0009] In some embodiments, the at least two resonant peaks include a first resonant peak having a corresponding resonant frequency in the range of 5 Hz to 30 Hz.

[0010] In some embodiments, the output assembly includes an acoustic unit located inside the output assembly, and a side wall of the output assembly includes a sound emission hole, and sound emitted from the acoustic unit is transmitted to the outside by the sound emission hole.

[0011] In some embodiments, the audio output device includes a frequency division module configured to divide the audio signal into high frequency band components and low frequency band components, a high frequency signal processing module coupled to the frequency division module and configured to generate a high frequency output signal based on the high frequency band components, and a low frequency signal processing module coupled to the frequency division module and configured to generate a low frequency output signal based on the low frequency band components.

[0012] In some embodiments, the frequency division point between the high frequency band component and the low frequency band component is in the range of 200 Hz to 600 Hz or in the range of 1000 Hz to 3000 Hz.

[0013] In some embodiments, the resonant frequencies corresponding to the two resonant peaks closest to the frequency division point are f1 and f2, respectively.

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[0014] In some embodiments, the acoustic output device includes a second piezoelectric element connected to the fixed structure and configured to generate a voltage in response to deformation of the fixed structure, and a processor that receives the voltage and, in response to the voltage not being within a predetermined voltage range, outputs a control signal to generate a drive voltage acting on the second piezoelectric element to adjust the shape of the fixed structure.

[0015] In some embodiments, the second piezoelectric element is located at a position of the fixed structure furthest from the output assembly.

[0016] In some embodiments, the second piezoelectric element includes a first sub-piezoelectric element that generates a voltage in response to deformation of the fixed structure, and a second sub-piezoelectric element, and the processor receives the voltage and, in response to the voltage not being within a predetermined voltage range, outputs a control signal to generate a driving voltage acting on the second sub-piezoelectric element to adjust the shape of the fixed structure.

[0017] In some embodiments, a contoured fastening structure provides a clamping force to affix the output assembly adjacent to the user's ear, the clamping force being in the range of 0.1N to 0.8N.

[0018] In some embodiments, the first sub-piezoelectric element is located at a position of the fixed structure furthest from the output assembly, and the second sub-piezoelectric element is located in the fixed structure between the first sub-piezoelectric element and an ear hook.

[0019] A wearable device according to one embodiment of the present specification includes a fixing structure configured to fix the wearable device to a user's head, a piezoelectric element connected to the fixing structure and configured to generate a voltage in response to deformation of the fixing structure, and a processor configured to receive the voltage and, in response to the voltage not being within a predetermined voltage range, output a control signal to generate a drive voltage acting on the piezoelectric element to adjust the shape of the fixing structure.

[0020] In some embodiments, the piezoelectric element includes a first sub-piezoelectric element that generates a voltage in response to deformation of the fixed structure, and a second sub-piezoelectric element, and the processor receives the voltage and, in response to the voltage not being within a predetermined voltage range, outputs a control signal to generate a driving voltage acting on the second sub-piezoelectric element to adjust the shape of the fixed structure.

[0021] In some embodiments, a contoured fastening structure provides a clamping force for attaching the wearable device adjacent to the user's ear, the clamping force being in the range of 0.1N to 0.8N.

[0022] In some embodiments, the wearable device is configured to generate vibrations based on an audio signal, and includes a vibration transmission member including a first piezoelectric element connected to an end of the fixed structure, an ear hook, and an output assembly, wherein the ear hook has one end connected to an end of the first piezoelectric element away from the fixed structure and the other end connected to the output assembly, the fixed structure fixes the output assembly in a position near the user's ear so as not to block the user's ear canal, and the output assembly receives the vibrations of the first piezoelectric element through the ear hook and outputs sound, and a frequency response curve of the sound includes at least two resonant peaks.

[0023] In some embodiments, the output assembly includes a contact surface that contacts a facial area of ​​a user, an end of the ear hook is connected to one side of the output assembly and has a first connection surface, a projection of the ear hook onto the first connection surface is an ear hook projection curve that passes through a center point of the first connection surface and is tangent to the ear hook projection curve to form a first straight line, and the range of the included angle between the contact surface and the first straight line is 0° to 50°.

[0024] In some embodiments, the ear hook is connected to the first piezoelectric element and has a second connection surface, a connection point between the ear hook and the first piezoelectric element is located on the second connection surface, a line connecting the connection point between the ear hook and the first piezoelectric element and the connection point between the ear hook and the output assembly is defined as a second straight line, and the range of the included angle between the projection of the first piezoelectric element onto the second connection surface and the second straight line is -20° to 20°.

[0025] In some embodiments, when a user wears the wearable device, a contact surface of the output assembly is applied to a facial area adjacent to the user's ear.

[0026] In some embodiments, the fixing structure has elasticity and is arranged to be hooked onto the back of the user's head when the user wears the wearable device.

[0027] In some embodiments, the at least two resonant peaks include a first resonant peak having a corresponding resonant frequency in the range of 5 Hz to 30 Hz.

[0028] In some embodiments, the output assembly includes an acoustic unit located inside the output assembly, and a side wall of the output assembly includes a sound emission hole, and sound emitted from the acoustic unit is transmitted to the outside by the sound emission hole.

[0029] In some examples, the wearable device includes a frequency division module configured to divide the audio signal into a high frequency band component and a low frequency band component, a high frequency signal processing module coupled to the frequency division module and configured to generate a high frequency output signal based on the high frequency band component, and a low frequency signal processing module coupled to the frequency division module and configured to generate a low frequency output signal based on the low frequency band component.

[0030] In some embodiments, the frequency division point between the high frequency band component and the low frequency band component is in the range of 200 Hz to 600 Hz or in the range of 1000 Hz to 3000 Hz.

[0031] In some embodiments, the resonant frequencies corresponding to two resonant peaks adjacent to the frequency division point are f1 and f2, respectively.

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[0032] In some embodiments, the wearable device includes a speaker connected to an end of the fixing structure, the fixing structure fixing the speaker in a position near the user's ear that does not block the user's ear canal, and when the user wears the wearable device, the fixing structure is positioned so that it hooks onto the back of the user's head.

[0033] In some embodiments, the wearable device includes an air conduction speaker connected to an end of the fixing structure, the fixing structure causing the air conduction speaker to cover the user's ear, and the fixing structure is positioned to hook onto the top of the user's head when the user wears the wearable device.

[0034] In some embodiments, the wearable device includes a visible member connected to an end of the fixing structure, the fixing structure fixing the visible member to a user's eye, and the fixing structure is arranged to hook over the user's ear when the user wears the wearable device.

[0035] In some embodiments, the viewing element is a lens or an optical display. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0036] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an example audio output device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. [Diagram 2] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary audio output device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. [Diagram 3] FIG. 2 is a frequency response curve diagram of an output assembly in accordance with certain embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 4] 1 is a partial schematic diagram of an audio output device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. [Diagram 5] 1 is a projection view of a partial structure of an acoustic output device at a first connection surface connected to an ear-hanging output assembly according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 6]FIG. 11 illustrates a frequency response curve diagram of an output assembly at different first angle parameters, in accordance with certain embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 7A] 13 is a schematic diagram of a second connection surface connected to a first piezoelectric element of an ear hook according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 7B] 1 is a projection view of a partial structure of an acoustic output device at a second connection surface connected to a first piezoelectric element of an ear hook according to some embodiments of the present specification. FIG. [Figure 8] FIG. 11 illustrates a frequency response curve diagram of an output assembly at different second angle parameters, in accordance with certain embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 9] FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an example wearable device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 10] 13 is a flowchart of controlling deformation of a fixed structure by a single piezoelectric element, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 11] 13 is a flowchart of controlling deformation of a fixed structure by a plurality of piezoelectric elements, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 12] 11 is a curve diagram of voltage output by a piezoelectric element at different positions, in accordance with some embodiments herein. [Figure 13] 11 is a curve diagram of the clamping force adjusted at different positions of the piezoelectric element, in accordance with some embodiments herein. [Figure 14] FIG. 4 is a curve diagram of a voltage output by a piezoelectric element, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 15] FIG. 13 is a curve diagram of piezoelectrically adjusted clamping force, in accordance with certain embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 16] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a back-hanging earphone according to some embodiments of the present specification. [Figure 17] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a headphone according to some embodiments of the present specification. [Figure 18] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of glasses according to some embodiments of the present specification. [Figure 19]FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of an exemplary virtual reality / augmented reality device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0037] In order to more clearly describe the technical means of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings necessary for the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some of the examples or embodiments of the present application, and those skilled in the art can apply the present application to other similar scenarios based on these drawings without creative efforts. Unless it is obvious from the language environment or otherwise described, the same symbols in the drawings represent the same structures or operations.

[0038] It should be understood that the terms "system," "apparatus," "unit," and / or "module" used herein are ways of distinguishing between different levels of assemblies, elements, components, parts, or structures, however, other terms may be used in place of the above terms if they achieve the same purpose.

[0039] As used in this application and the claims, unless otherwise clearly indicated through the context, terms such as "a," "one," "one kind," and / or "the" do not specifically refer to the singular but may include the plural. In general, the terms "comprise" and "containing" are merely intended to indicate the inclusion of explicitly identified steps and elements, and these steps and elements are not intended to be an exclusive listing, and a method or apparatus may include other steps or elements.

[0040] Examples herein describe an audio output device. In some examples, the audio output device may include a fixing structure that may be configured to fix the audio output device in a position near the user's ear that does not block the user's ear canal. In some examples, the audio output device may be configured to generate vibrations based on an audio signal and may include a first piezoelectric element having one end connected to an end of the fixing structure. In some examples, the audio output device may include a vibration transmission member that may include an ear hook and an output assembly, the ear hook having one end connected to an end of the first piezoelectric element away from the fixing structure and the other end connected to the output assembly, the output assembly receiving the vibrations of the first piezoelectric element through the ear hook to cause the output assembly to output sound, the frequency response curve of the sound having at least two resonant peaks. In some examples, the at least two resonant peaks may include a first resonant peak having a corresponding resonant frequency in the range of 5 Hz to 30 Hz. The acoustic output device according to the embodiment of the present specification is fixed to surround the user's head by its fixed structure, and the vibration transmission member receives the vibration of the first piezoelectric element, and by adjusting the parameter information of the ear hook and output assembly, the acoustic output device has high sensitivity in a low frequency range (e.g., 2000 Hz or less). In some embodiments, the acoustic output device may be applied to electronic devices with audio functions (e.g., earphones, glasses, smart helmets, etc.).

[0041] Examples of the present specification further describe a wearable device. In some examples, the wearable device may include a fixed structure that may be fixed to a user's body. In some examples, the wearable device may include a piezoelectric element that may be connected to the fixed structure and generates a voltage in response to a deformation of the fixed structure when the user wears the wearable device through the fixed structure. A processor of the wearable device may receive the voltage of the piezoelectric element, and in response to the voltage not being within a predetermined voltage range, output a control signal to act on the piezoelectric element, and generate a driving voltage acting on the piezoelectric element to adjust the shape of the fixed structure, thereby achieving an adjustment of a clamping force between the fixed structure and the user's body. A wearable device according to an example of the present specification may improve an experience of a user wearing the wearable device by controlling the piezoelectric element by a processor to achieve an adjustment of a clamping force between the fixed structure and the user's body. In some examples, the wearable device may be implemented as at least one of a speaker, a hearing aid, glasses, a virtual reality device, an augmented reality device, a smart watch, and the like.

[0042] Fig. 1 is a block diagram of an exemplary acoustic output device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in Fig. 1, the acoustic output device 100 may include a fixed structure 110, a first piezoelectric element 120, and a vibration transmission member 130, where an end of the fixed structure 110 is connected to one end of the first piezoelectric element 120, and an end of the first piezoelectric element 120 remote from the fixed structure 110 is connected to the vibration transmission member 130. When a user wears the acoustic output device, the fixed structure 110 can fix the vibration transmission member 130 to a position near the user's ear that does not block the user's ear canal.

[0043] The fixing structure 110 may be a structure that is fixed to the user's head. In some embodiments, the fixing structure 110 can achieve fixation by surrounding the user's head. For example, the fixing structure 110 may be a band-like, elongated structure, etc., or any combination thereof that surrounds the user's head region, such as the back, front, or top of the head. In some embodiments, the fixing structure 110 may have a curved structure that conforms to the head region of the human body so as to conform to the head region, such as the back, front, or top of the head of the user. In some embodiments, the fixing structure 110 may be an elastic structure, and the material of the fixing structure 110 may include, but is not limited to, polycarbonate, polyamide, silicone rubber, rubber, etc. In some embodiments, the fixing structure 110 may be a back-hanging structure (see the fixing structure 210 shown in FIG. 2 ), which is a curved structure that conforms to the back contour of the user's head. In some embodiments, the fixing structure 110 may be a structure that conforms to the user's auricle, and may be hooked or clamped to the user's auricle. For example, the fixing structure 110 can be fixed by being clamped to the user's auricle. Specifically, the fixing structure 110 may have a clamp member that may be clamped to the user's auricle. For further example, the fixing structure 110 can be fixed by being hooked onto the user's auricle. Specifically, the fixing structure 110 may have a curved structure that fits the auricle so that it can be hooked onto the user's auricle. For more information on the fixing structure, please refer to other parts of this specification, such as FIG. 2 and its related descriptions.

[0044] The first piezoelectric element 120 may be a device that converts an audio signal into mechanical vibration. Due to the inverse piezoelectric effect of the first piezoelectric element 120, when an electrical signal acts on the first piezoelectric element 120, the first piezoelectric element 120 generates mechanical vibration. In some embodiments, the first piezoelectric element 120 may be made of a piezoelectric material, and exemplary piezoelectric materials may include piezoelectric ceramics, piezoelectric crystals (e.g., barium titanate, lead zirconate titanate, etc.), piezoelectric polymers (e.g., polyvinylidene fluoride), etc., or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the first piezoelectric element 120 may be any shape, such as a sheet, block, column, ring structure, etc., or any combination thereof. For more information on the first piezoelectric element, please refer to other parts of this specification, such as FIG. 2 and its related descriptions.

[0045] The vibration transmission member 130 may be a member that converts mechanical vibrations from the first piezoelectric element 120 into an audio signal. In some embodiments, the vibration transmission member 130 may generate vibrations in response to the vibrations of the first piezoelectric element 120 to generate sound. In some embodiments, the vibration transmission member 130 may include an ear hook 131 and an output assembly 132, where the ear hook 131 has one end connected to an end of the first piezoelectric element 120 remote from the fixed structure 110 and the other end connected to the output assembly 132. The output assembly 132 receives the vibrations of the first piezoelectric element 120 through the ear hook 131, and when a user wears the audio output device 100, at least a portion of the output assembly 132 is attached to a facial region of the user, and the vibrations received by the output assembly 132 are directly transmitted to the user's auditory nerve through the user's muscles, bones, blood, etc., so that audio information corresponding to the audio signal is heard. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the output assembly 132 may be one side of the output assembly 132. In some embodiments, at least a part of the output assembly 132 may be a protruding structure installed on one side of the output assembly 132. In some embodiments, the output assembly 132 receives the vibration of the first piezoelectric element 120 through the ear hook 131 to output sound, and the frequency response curve of the sound includes at least two resonance peaks. The vibration transmission member 130 formed by the ear hook 131 and the output assembly 132 may be considered as a resonant system, in which the ear hook 131 provides elasticity to the resonant system, and the output assembly 132 provides weight to the resonant system, and the ear hook 131 and the output assembly 132 can provide the audio output device 100 with a first resonance peak in the low frequency band, so that the audio output device 100 has a high frequency response in the low frequency band. For example, in some embodiments, the resonance frequency range corresponding to the first resonance peak is 5 Hz to 30 Hz. In some embodiments, the resonance frequency of the audio output device 100 in the low frequency band can be adjusted by adjusting the elastic coefficient of the ear hook 131 or the mass of the output assembly 132.Since the resonant frequency corresponding to the first resonant peak is sufficiently low, the frequency response of the frequency band after the first resonant peak is also high, so that the sound output device 100 has a high frequency response even in the low frequency band (for example, 20 Hz to 1000 Hz).

[0046] The ear hook 131 may refer to a structure that fits over the user's ear. For example, the ear hook may be a curved structure that is hooked over the pinna of the ear. In some embodiments, the ear hook 131 may have a curved portion (see ear hook 231 shown in FIG. 2), and the curved portion that fits the human ear may be hooked over the pinna of the user. In some embodiments, the ear hook 131 may be made of an elastic material, and exemplary elastic materials may include plastic, foam sponge, rubber, latex, silicone rubber, sponge, metal, alloy material, etc., or any combination thereof. For more information on ear hooks, please refer to other parts of this specification, such as FIG. 2 and its related descriptions.

[0047] The output assembly 132 may be a member having a mass. In some embodiments, the output assembly 132 may contact a facial region of a user. In some embodiments, the output assembly 132 may include a contact surface that contacts a facial region of a user. In some embodiments, the output assembly 132 may be any shape, such as a regular structure or an irregular structure, such as a cylinder, a rectangular parallelepiped, a cone, a truncated cone, a sphere, etc. In some embodiments, the material of the output assembly 132 may include any material having a certain stiffness, such as, but not limited to, plastic, wood, metal, etc. In some embodiments, the material of the mass element 120 may further include various metamaterials, such as negative stiffness materials, cubic stiffness materials, etc., which help to expand the audio band of the audio output device 100. The vibration transmission member 130, which is composed of the ear hook 131 and the output assembly 132, allows the audio output device 100 to have a resonance peak in a low frequency range, and can improve the low frequency response of the audio output device 100. In some embodiments, the output assembly may further include an acoustic unit having a cavity therein, the acoustic unit being located within the cavity and capable of outputting sound based on the audio signal to complement the sound generated by the vibration of the output assembly itself. For more information regarding the output assembly, please refer to other parts of this specification, such as FIG. 2 and its related description.

[0048] 2 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary acoustic output device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 2, the acoustic output device may include an output assembly 232, an ear hook 231, a first piezoelectric element 220, and a fixing structure 210, where an end of the fixing structure 210 is connected to the ear hook 231 by the first piezoelectric element 220, and an end of the ear hook 231 remote from the first piezoelectric element 220 is connected to the output assembly 232. When a user wears the acoustic output device, the fixing structure 210 fixes the output assembly 232 in a position near the user's ear that does not block the user's ear canal.

[0049] In some embodiments, when the user wears the audio output device, the fixing structure 210 is installed so as to be hooked on the back of the user's head. In some embodiments, the fixing structure 210 may be a back-hanging structure formed in a curved shape to fit the back of the user's head. In some embodiments, in order to accommodate different user's head shapes, the fixing structure 210 may be an elastic structure and may be a structure whose length and shape are adjustable, for example, the fixing structure may be adjusted in length by snap fitting. In some embodiments, the fixing structure 210 may include an elastic wire and an elastic covering covering the elastic wire. Furthermore, in order for the fixing structure 210 to achieve both wearing comfort and structural rigidity, the material of the elastic wire may be, but is not limited to, spring steel, titanium alloy, titanium-nickel alloy, chrome molybdenum steel, etc., and the material of the elastic covering may be, but is not limited to, polycarbonate, polyamide, silicone rubber, rubber, etc.

[0050] In some embodiments, both ends of the fixed structure 210 sequentially connect the first piezoelectric element 220, the ear hook 231, and the output assembly 232, respectively, the fixed structure 210 surrounds the back of the user's head, the ear hooks 231 at both ends of the fixed structure 210 are hooked on the user's auricle, and the output assembly 232 may be distributed near the user's ear (e.g., in the head region in front of, behind, above, or below the auricle). In some embodiments, the first piezoelectric element 220 may include a fixed end and a free end. The fixed end is an end that provides a fixing or supporting effect to other parts of the first piezoelectric element 220. For example, in the vibration process, the vibration strength of the fixed end is smaller than that of other parts (e.g., the free end) of the first piezoelectric element 220. As just one example, the fixed end may be a position in the first piezoelectric element 220 where the vibration acceleration or acceleration level is smaller than a vibration acceleration threshold or an acceleration level threshold. In some embodiments, the fixed end may be connected to an end of the fixed structure 210, and the end of the fixed structure 210 may be considered to be an end surface of the fixed structure 210 and / or any portion of the fixed structure 210 proximate to the end surface of the fixed structure 210. The connection described herein may include a connection method such as bolting, riveting, interference fitting, locking, gluing, injection molding, welding, magnetic adhesion, etc., or any combination thereof. The free end here is the end of the first piezoelectric element 220 that is connected to the output assembly 232 and drives it to vibrate to generate sound, and can vibrate more freely relative to the fixed end. In some embodiments, the free end of the first piezoelectric element 220 is connected to the ear hook 231.

[0051] In some embodiments, the ear hook 231 may have a curved portion, and the curved portion that fits the human ear may be hooked above the user's auricle. In order to ensure that the ear hook 231 can well receive and transmit the vibration of the first piezoelectric element 220, in some embodiments, the ear hook 231 may include an elastic wire and an elastic covering that covers the elastic wire. Furthermore, the material of the elastic wire may be, but is not limited to, spring steel, titanium alloy, titanium-nickel alloy, chrome molybdenum steel, etc., and the material of the elastic covering may be, but is not limited to, polycarbonate, polyamide, silicone rubber, rubber, etc.

[0052] In some embodiments, the output assembly 232 may be a regular or irregular structure, such as a rectangular parallelepiped, a cylindrical body, a truncated cone, an ellipsoid, a hemisphere, a trapezoid, or the like. In some embodiments, the output assembly 232 may include a contact surface that contacts a facial area of ​​a user, and when the user wears the audio output device, the contact surface of the output assembly 232 is attached to a facial area of ​​the user near the ears so that the user can receive audio information output from the output assembly 232. In some embodiments, the contact surface of the output assembly 232 that contacts the facial area of ​​the user may be one side wall of the output assembly 232. For example, if the output assembly 232 is a cylindrical body, the contact surface is a bottom surface of the cylindrical body. In some embodiments, the output assembly 232 may further include one or more protruding structures located on its outer wall, in which case the contact surface may be an end of the protruding structure remote from the output assembly 232.

[0053] In addition, the first piezoelectric element 220 may be at least partially attached to the fixed structure 210. For example, a part of the structure of the first piezoelectric element 220 is attached to a side wall of the fixed structure 210, and another part of the structure of the first piezoelectric element 220 protrudes from an end of the fixed structure 210 and is connected to an end or a side wall of the ear hook 231. In addition, for example, the entire structure of the first piezoelectric element 220 may be attached to the fixed structure 210, and the first piezoelectric element 220 generates vibrations based on an audio signal and drives the fixed structure 210 to vibrate, and the vibrations of the fixed structure 210 can be transmitted to the output assembly 232 by the ear hook 231.

[0054] When a user wears an audio output device, the output assembly of the audio output device is attached to the user's face and is affected by the user's skin in the vibration process. In this case, the user's skin may be considered as a damping structure, so that the frequency response curve corresponding to the "loaded" state of the audio output device and the frequency response curve in the "unloaded" state of the audio output device are different in the low frequency band, specifically see FIG. 3 and its related description. FIG. 3 is a frequency response curve diagram of an output assembly according to some embodiments of the present specification. As shown in FIG. 3, when the audio output device is not worn on the user's head, the frequency response curve of the corresponding output assembly (the frequency response curve corresponding to the "unloaded" state shown in FIG. 3) has a first resonance peak 31 in the low frequency band (e.g., 5 Hz to 30 Hz), indicating that the audio output device has high sensitivity in the low frequency band. Furthermore, when the acoustic output device is worn on the user's head, the output assembly of the acoustic output device is attached to the user's face and is affected by the user's skin during the vibration process, and the user's skin may be considered as a damping structure. Due to the damping effect of the skin, when the user wears the acoustic output device, the frequency response curve of the output assembly (the frequency response curve corresponding to "considering skin load" shown in Figure 3) is smooth in the low frequency band (e.g., 5 Hz to 500 Hz), and it can be seen that the acoustic output device has good sound quality in the low frequency band when actually used.

[0055] In some embodiments, the output assembly 232 receives the vibration of the first piezoelectric element 220 through the ear hook 231 and has at least two resonant peaks in a frequency range of 5 Hz to 50,000 Hz, the at least two resonant peaks including the first resonant peak 31. In some embodiments, the resonant frequency corresponding to the first resonant peak 31 may be in a range of 5 Hz to 30 Hz, for example, the resonant frequency corresponding to the first resonant peak 31 may be in a range of 7 Hz to 20 Hz, and for example, the resonant frequency corresponding to the first resonant peak 31 may be in a range of 6 Hz to 10 Hz.

[0056] In some embodiments, the first resonant peak of the audio output device can be set within a specific frequency band (e.g., 5 Hz to 30 Hz) by adjusting the mass of the output assembly 232 or the elastic modulus of the ear hook 231. In some embodiments, the mass of the output assembly can be set within a target mass range to control the resonant frequency corresponding to the first resonant peak. In some embodiments, the target mass range is 10 g or less. In some embodiments, the target mass range can be 0.01 g to 10 g. In some embodiments, the target mass range can be 0.2 g to 6 g. In some embodiments, the target mass range can be 1 g to 5 g. In some embodiments, the elastic modulus of the ear hook can be set within a target elastic modulus range to control the resonant frequency of the first resonant peak. In some embodiments, the target elastic modulus range can be 9 N / m to 6×10 6 In some embodiments, the target elastic modulus range is from 100 N / m to 6×10 6 In some embodiments, the target elastic modulus range is from 100 N / m to 1×10 6 In some embodiments, the low frequency response of the acoustic output device may be enhanced by adjusting the ratio of the elastic modulus of the ear hook to the mass of the output assembly such that the acoustic output device has a first resonant peak in a frequency range of 5 Hz to 30 Hz. In some embodiments, the range of the elastic modulus to mass ratio may be set within a target ratio range. In some embodiments, the target ratio range is 4.9×106 ~3.2×10 11 In some embodiments, the target ratio range is 4.5×10 6 ~3×10 11 In some embodiments, the target ratio range is 4×10 6 ~4×10 10 In some embodiments, the target ratio range may be 1×10 6 ~1×10 9 The first resonance peak does not have to be within the above frequency range (e.g., 5 Hz to 30 Hz), and for example, the resonance frequency corresponding to the first resonance peak may be 15 Hz, 20 Hz or more, and the resonance frequency corresponding to the first resonance peak may be adjusted depending on the application scenario of the sound output device.

[0057] In some embodiments, the at least two resonance peaks of the frequency response curve of the output assembly further include a second resonance peak 32, and the resonance frequency corresponding to the first resonance peak 31 is smaller than the resonance frequency corresponding to the second resonance peak 32. The second resonance peak is related to parameter information of the first piezoelectric element itself (e.g., material of the piezoelectric layer, thickness, length, width, etc. of the piezoelectric layer and / or base layer). Here, the acoustic output device has high sensitivity even in a high frequency band (e.g., 1000 Hz to 40000 Hz) by utilizing the characteristics of the first piezoelectric element itself (e.g., natural frequency of the first piezoelectric element). In this way, the acoustic output device according to the embodiments of the present specification has high sensitivity in both a low frequency band (e.g., 20 Hz to 1000 Hz) and a high frequency band (e.g., 1000 Hz to 40000 Hz).

[0058] When the user wears the audio output device, the ear hook 231 is usually curved so that the output assembly 232 is located near the user's ear and can ensure the user's wearing experience, and thus, a frequency response curve corresponding to the output assembly 232 will have other resonance peaks than the first resonance peak 31, for example, a resonance peak between the first resonance peak 31 and the second resonance peak 32 in the frequency response curve indicated by "unloaded" in Fig. 3. In addition, due to the resonance of the first piezoelectric element itself, a resonance peak or a resonance bottom will appear in the frequency response curve of the output assembly 232, and the resonance bottom will affect the sound quality in the high frequency band of the audio output device.

[0059] In order to reduce the frequency response curve being not flat, e.g., having too many resonance peaks or bottoms, due to the characteristics of the ear hook and the piezoelectric element itself, and to improve the sound quality of the audio output device, in some embodiments, the output assembly 232 may include an acoustic unit (not shown in FIG. 2). For example, the output assembly 232 may have a cavity inside, and the acoustic unit may be located in the cavity inside the output assembly 232. The acoustic unit may generate a sound based on the audio signal of the audio output device to complement the sound generated by the vibration of the output assembly itself in a specific frequency band range. For example, the output assembly 232 outputs a sound in a low frequency band (e.g., within a range of 20 Hz to 600 Hz) in response to the vibration of the first piezoelectric element 220, and the acoustic unit outputs a complementary high frequency sound (e.g., greater than 600 Hz), thereby improving the sound quality effect in the entire frequency band range of the audio output device. For example, the acoustic unit may further supplement the sound in a low frequency band (for example, within a range of 20 Hz to 600 Hz) to compensate for the acoustic output effect in the low frequency band of the output assembly 232. In some embodiments, the acoustic unit may be an air conduction speaker, and a side wall of the output assembly 232 includes a sound output hole, and the sound emitted from the acoustic unit is transmitted to the outside through the sound output hole. In some embodiments, the acoustic unit may be a bone conduction speaker, and the vibration generated in the bone conduction speaker may be transmitted to the outside through the side wall of the output assembly 232, and the bone conduction speaker has a high frequency response in the low frequency band and can well compensate for the acoustic output effect in the low frequency band of the acoustic output device.

[0060] In some embodiments, the audio output device may include a frequency division module that may be configured to divide an audio signal into a high-frequency band component and a low-frequency band component. In some embodiments, the audio output device may further include a high-frequency signal processing module and a low-frequency signal processing module, where the high-frequency signal processing module may be coupled to the frequency division module and configured to generate a high-frequency output signal based on the high-frequency band component, and the low-frequency signal processing module may be coupled to the frequency division module and configured to generate a low-frequency output signal based on the low-frequency band component. In some embodiments, the first piezoelectric element 220 may generate vibrations in response to a low-frequency signal, i.e., the output assembly 232 receives the vibrations of the first piezoelectric element 220 through the ear hook 231 to generate vibrations to output low-frequency sound, and the audio unit outputs high-frequency sound based on the high-frequency output signal, thereby ensuring that the audio output device has high sound quality effect in the full frequency band. In some embodiments, the first piezoelectric element 220 may generate vibrations in response to a high-frequency signal, i.e., the output assembly 232 receives the vibrations of the first piezoelectric element 220 through the ear hook 231 and generates vibrations to output high-frequency sound, and the audio unit outputs low-frequency sound based on the low-frequency output signal, thereby ensuring that the audio output device has high sound quality effects in the entire frequency band. In some embodiments, the frequency division point at which the frequency division module divides the audio signal may be in the range of 200Hz to 600Hz. For example, the frequency division point may be 300Hz, in which case, the audio signal smaller than 300Hz is the low-frequency band component, and the audio signal larger than 300Hz is the high-frequency band component. In some embodiments, the frequency division point at which the frequency division module divides the audio signal may be in the range of 1000Hz to 3000Hz. For example, the frequency division point may be 1000Hz, in which case, the audio signal smaller than 1000Hz is the low-frequency band component, and the audio signal larger than 1000Hz is the high-frequency band component.In addition, the frequency division points are not limited to the above range and may be adaptively adjusted according to the application scenario, for example, the range of the frequency division points may be 100Hz to 500Hz, 600Hz to 1000Hz, 3000Hz to 5000Hz, etc. In order for the sound output device to have a high sound output effect in both the low frequency band and the high frequency band, the frequency division points may be selected based on the corresponding resonance peaks in the frequency response curves of the output assembly 232 and the sound unit, and in some embodiments, the frequency response curve of the output assembly 232 has two resonance peaks closest to the frequency division points, and the resonance frequencies corresponding to the two resonance peaks closest to the frequency division points are f1 and f2, respectively.

number

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[0061] In some embodiments, the method for testing the frequency division points is as follows. First, a high-frequency signal acts on the first piezoelectric element 220, and the output assembly 232 receives the vibration of the first piezoelectric element 220 through the ear hook 231 to generate vibration, thereby outputting high-frequency sound, and obtains a high-frequency response curve of the vibration of the output assembly 232 itself. Next, a low-frequency signal acts on the acoustic unit in the output assembly 232 to obtain a low-frequency response curve corresponding to the acoustic unit, and the range of the frequency division points is within a frequency band in which the low-frequency response curve obviously drops but the high-frequency response curve obviously rises. In some embodiments, the resonance frequencies f1 and f2 corresponding to two resonance peaks close to the frequency division points are obtained.

number

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[0062] 2 is merely an illustrative example and is not intended to be limiting. In some embodiments, only one end of the fixing structure 210 shown in FIG. 2 may sequentially connect the first piezoelectric element 220, the ear hook 231, and the output assembly 232, and the other end of the fixing structure 210 may be directly fixed to a user's head region (e.g., a rear region of the head) or hooked on the user's auricle, without the first piezoelectric element 220, the ear hook 231, and the output assembly 232 being installed.

[0063] In order to further improve the acoustic output effect of the acoustic output device, in some embodiments, the relative positions between the output assembly, the ear hook, and the first piezoelectric element may be adjusted, and the relative position between the output assembly and the ear hook is characterized by a first angle parameter, and the relative position between the ear hook and the first piezoelectric element is characterized by a second angle parameter. For specific descriptions of the first angle parameter and the second angle parameter, reference may be made to Figures 4 to 8 and their related descriptions.

[0064] FIG. 4 is a partial schematic diagram of an audio output device according to some embodiments of the present specification. Here, the output assembly 432 is exemplarily described as a rectangular parallelepiped structure, and as shown in FIG. 4, the output assembly 432 includes a contact surface 4321 that contacts the user's face area, the first piezoelectric element 420 is connected to one end of the ear hook 431, and the other end of the ear hook 431 is connected to the side of the output assembly 432 and has a first connection surface A, which may be regarded as the end surface of the end of the ear hook 431 (for example, the surface formed by the xw and yw coordinate axes shown in FIG. 4). The projection of the ear hook 431 on the first connection surface A along the a direction (direction perpendicular to the first connection surface A) may be as shown in FIG. 5, which is a projection diagram of a partial structure of an audio output device on the first connection surface connected to the output assembly of the ear hook according to some embodiments of the present specification. As shown in FIG. 4 and FIG. 5, the projection of the ear hook 431 onto the first connecting surface A is an ear hook projection curve, which passes through the center point 41 of the first connecting surface A and is tangent to the ear hook projection curve to form a first straight line 42. The included angle θ between the contact surface 4321 of the output assembly 432 and the first straight line 42 is m may be regarded as the first angle parameter. Note that the center point 41 of the first connection surface A may refer to the geometric center point of the end of the ear hook 431 connected to the output assembly 432. If the dimension (e.g., length, width or radius) of the end of the ear hook 431 is very small, the end of the ear hook 431 may be approximately regarded as the center point of the first connection surface A.

[0065] 6 is a frequency response curve diagram corresponding to an output assembly at different first angular parameters, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 6, the angle θ corresponding to the first angular parameter m If increases from -20° to 20°, the angle θ m As θ increases, the curve in a particular frequency band (e.g., within the range of 8 Hz to 40 Hz) after the first resonant peak 61 in the frequency response curve corresponding to the output assembly becomes increasingly flat, and mWhen the angle θ is increased to 50°, the frequency response curve in a certain frequency band after the first resonance peak 61 in the frequency response curve corresponding to the output assembly has an obvious resonance bottom, but the angle θ m is -20°. In order to flatten the frequency response curve of the audio output device in the low frequency band and improve the sound quality of the audio output device, in some embodiments, the included angle θ m may be in the range of 0° to 50°. m may be in the range of 0° to 40°. More preferably, the included angle θ m may be in the range of 10° to 30°. More preferably, the included angle θ m may be in the range of 15° to 25°.

[0066] FIG. 7A is a schematic diagram of a connection end surface connected to a first piezoelectric element of an ear hook according to some embodiments of the present specification. FIG. 7B is a projection diagram of a partial structure of an acoustic output device at a connection end surface connected to a first piezoelectric element of an ear hook according to some embodiments of the present specification. As shown in FIG. 7A, one end of an ear hook 731 is connected to an output assembly 732, a first piezoelectric element 720 is connected to the other end of the ear hook 731 and has a second connection surface B, and a connection point 72 between the first piezoelectric element 720 and the ear hook 731 is located on the second connection surface B (a surface formed by the xw and yw coordinate axes in FIG. 7A). As shown in FIG. 7B, a line connecting the connection point 71 and the connection point 72 is defined as a second straight line 73, and an included angle θ between the second straight line 73 and the second connection surface B is defined as a second straight line 73. d may be regarded as the second angle parameter. The second connection surface B may be approximately regarded as the end surface connected to the first piezoelectric element 720 of the ear hook 731.

[0067] 8 is a frequency response curve diagram corresponding to an output assembly at different second angle parameters, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. dWhen the included angle θ increases from -20° to 0°, the curve in a certain frequency band (for example, within the range of 8 Hz to 100 Hz) after the first resonance peak 81 in the frequency response curve corresponding to the output assembly gradually becomes flatter, and the included angle θ d If the included angle θ continues to increase to 20°, the curve at a particular frequency band after the first resonant peak 81 in the frequency response curve corresponding to the output assembly will change as the included angle θ d is -20°, but is curved more than the curve when the second angle parameter is 0°. In order to flatten the frequency response curve of the audio output device in the low frequency range and improve the sound quality of the audio output device, in some embodiments, the included angle θ d may be in the range of -20° to 20°. d may be in the range of -10° to 20°. More preferably, the included angle θ d may be in the range of 0° to 10°. More preferably, the included angle θ d may be in the range of 0° to 5°. d The positive and negative values ​​of the angle indicate that the second connecting surface is in a different direction from the second straight line 73. For example, the included angle (+θ d ) is a positive value, and the included angle (-θ d In some embodiments, the second angular parameter θ 1 can be adjusted by adjusting the structure or position of the first piezoelectric element 720 or the ear hook 731. d may be adjusted.

[0068] In some embodiments, the acoustic output device may include a second piezoelectric element connected to the fixed structure and configured to generate a voltage in response to deformation of the fixed structure. The second piezoelectric element may be a device in which the voltage and the amount of deformation thereof are positively correlated. For example, the larger the amount of deformation of the second piezoelectric element, the larger the voltage generated. That is, in some embodiments, the second piezoelectric element may be attached to a surface of the fixed structure and installed along the extension direction of the fixed structure. For example, when the fixed structure may include an elastic wire and an elastic covering covering the elastic wire, the second piezoelectric element may be attached to the elastic wire and covered by the elastic covering. Also, for example, the second piezoelectric element may be attached to a surface of the elastic covering. In some embodiments, the second piezoelectric element may generate a voltage after being deformed by driving the fixed structure, or may be deformed after receiving a driving voltage, so as to adjust the shape of the fixed structure to adjust the clamping force between the fixed structure and the user's body. In some embodiments, the second piezoelectric element may be made of a piezoelectric material that generates a voltage based on deformation, and example piezoelectric materials may include piezoelectric ceramics, piezoelectric crystals, piezoelectric polymers (e.g., polyvinylidene fluoride), etc., or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the second piezoelectric element may be of any shape, such as a sheet, a block, a column, an annular structure, etc., or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the acoustic output device may include multiple second piezoelectric elements to achieve shape adjustment at multiple locations of the fixed structure.

[0069] In some embodiments, the function of the second piezoelectric element may be realized by a single piezoelectric element. For example, the single second piezoelectric element may generate a voltage in response to the deformation of the fixed structure, and may deform based on the drive voltage to adjust the shape of the fixed structure. In some embodiments, when the second piezoelectric element is a single piezoelectric element, the second piezoelectric element may be located at a position furthest from the output assembly of the fixed structure in order to improve the degree of sensitivity of the second piezoelectric element to the deformation of the fixed structure. For example, when the fixed structure is a back-hanging structure as shown in FIG. 2, the second piezoelectric element may be located at a position of the fixed structure close to the rear side of the user's head. In some embodiments, the single second piezoelectric element may generate a voltage in response to the deformation of the fixed structure, and the processor of the audio output device receives the voltage, and in response to the voltage not being within a predetermined voltage range, outputs a control signal to generate a drive voltage acting on the second piezoelectric element to adjust the shape of the fixed structure, whereby the fixed structure whose shape is adjusted by the second piezoelectric element provides a clamping force to attach the output assembly to the vicinity of the user's ear. To ensure comfort for a user wearing the audio output device, in some embodiments the clamping force is in the range of 0.1 N to 0.8 N. In some embodiments the clamping force may be in the range of 0.2 N to 0.6 N. In some embodiments the clamping force may be in the range of 0.3 N to 0.5 N.

[0070] In some embodiments, the function of the second piezoelectric element may be realized by a plurality of piezoelectric elements. In some embodiments, the second piezoelectric element may include a first sub-piezoelectric element that may generate a voltage in response to deformation of the fixed structure, and a second sub-piezoelectric element, and the processor of the acoustic output device receives the voltage, and in response to the voltage not being within a predetermined voltage range, outputs a control signal to generate a driving voltage acting on the second sub-piezoelectric element to adjust the shape of the fixed structure, whereby the fixed structure with the adjusted shape provides a clamping force for attaching the output assembly to the vicinity of the user's ear. In some embodiments, in order to improve the degree of sensing of the first sub-piezoelectric element to the fixed structure, the first sub-piezoelectric element may be located at a position furthest from the output assembly of the fixed structure. For example, the first sub-piezoelectric element may be located at a position of the fixed structure close to the rear side of the user's head. In some embodiments, in order to adjust the shape of the fixed structure to a large extent, the second sub-piezoelectric element is located at a position between the first sub-piezoelectric element and the ear hook in the fixed structure. In some embodiments, to adjust the shape of multiple locations of the fixed structure, the second piezoelectric element may include one second sub-piezoelectric element and multiple second sub-piezoelectric elements, where the first sub-piezoelectric element is located at a position furthest from the output assembly of the fixed structure, and the multiple second sub-piezoelectric elements may be disposed symmetrically with respect to the first sub-piezoelectric element.

[0071] The processor can interact with the second piezoelectric element. In some embodiments, when the user wears the audio output device, the second piezoelectric element deforms with the deformation of the fixing structure to generate a voltage, and the processor receives the voltage generated in the second piezoelectric element and determines whether the received voltage is within a predetermined voltage range. If the voltage is within the predetermined voltage range, it indicates that the deformation amount of the second piezoelectric element is within the predetermined deformation range, i.e., it indicates that the clamping force between the fixing structure and the user's body is appropriate, and the clamping force at this time is not too loose or too tight for the user or the application scenario in which the user is located. If the voltage is not within the predetermined voltage range, it indicates that the clamping force at this time is too loose or too tight for the user, and the processor outputs a control signal to generate a driving voltage acting on the second piezoelectric element to adjust the shape of the fixing structure, whereby the shape-adjusted fixing structure provides a clamping force to attach the output assembly near the user's ear, thereby improving the comfort of the user wearing the audio output device. For specific details regarding the second piezoelectric element and the adjustment of the shape of the fixing structure by the processor, reference can be made to FIGS. 9 to 19 and their associated descriptions.

[0072] 9 is a block diagram of an example wearable device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 9, a wearable device 900 may include a fixed structure 910, a piezoelectric element 920, and a processor 930.

[0073] Wearable device 900 refers to a device that can be worn by a user. In some embodiments, wearable device 900 may be worn on a body part of a user, such as a head, a hand, etc. In some embodiments, wearable device 900 may include glasses, a smart bracelet, earphones, hearing aids, a smart helmet, a smart watch, smart clothing, a smart backpack, a smart accessory, etc., or any combination thereof. For example, wearable device 900 may be functional nearsighted glasses, reading glasses, cycling glasses, or sunglasses, etc., or may be intelligent glasses, such as audio glasses with earphone function. In some embodiments, wearable device 900 may be a head-mounted device, such as a helmet, an Augmented Reality (AR) device, or a Virtual Reality (VR) device. In some embodiments, the Augmented Reality device or Virtual Reality device may include a virtual reality helmet, a virtual reality glasses, an Augmented Reality helmet, an Augmented Reality glasses, etc., or any combination thereof. For example, virtual reality and / or augmented reality devices may include Google Glass (registered trademark), Oculus Rift, Hololens (registered trademark), Gear VR (registered trademark), etc.

[0074] The fixing structure 910 may be a structure fixed to the user's body. In some embodiments, the fixing structure 910 may be fixed to a body part of the user, and exemplary body parts include the head, hand, leg, waist, back, etc. In some embodiments, when the wearable device 900 is worn by the user, the fixing structure 910 contacts and deforms the body part of the user. The structure of the fixing structure 910 is related to the type of the wearable device 900, and different types of wearable devices 900 have different fixing structures 910. For example, if the wearable device 900 is a back-mounted earphone, the fixing structure 910 may be a back-mounted structure formed in a curved shape to fit the back side of the user's head. For example, if the wearable device 900 is a headphone, the fixing structure 910 may be a head-mounted structure formed in a curved shape to fit the top of the user's head. For example, if the wearable device 900 is a bone conduction earphone or a hearing aid, the fixing structure 910 may be an ear-hook structure, and the ear-hook structure that is hooked above the user's auricle has a curved portion that fits the human ear. For example, if the wearable device 900 is an augmented reality or virtual reality glasses, the fixing structure 910 may be a glasses frame structure, and the glasses frame structure may have pads and temples on both sides and be worn on the user's face and ears. For example, if the wearable device 900 is a smart bracelet, the fixing structure 910 may be a belt-like structure and is worn on the user's arm. Taking a back-hook earphone as an example, the fixing structure 910 may be a back-hook structure, which realizes fixing by surrounding the user's head and can provide a clamping force to stick the back-hook earphone near the user's ear. For more information on the fixing structure, please refer to other parts of this specification, such as Figures 16 to 19 and their related descriptions.

[0075] The piezoelectric element 920 may be a device in which the voltage and the amount of deformation have a certain relationship. Specifically, by adjusting the shape of the fixed structure 910, the piezoelectric element 920 may generate a voltage after being deformed by driving the fixed structure, or may deform after receiving a driving voltage, using the forward / reverse piezoelectric effect of the piezoelectric element 920, so as to realize the adjustment of the clamping force between the fixed structure 910 and the user's body. In some embodiments, the piezoelectric element 920 may be disposed along the extension direction of the fixed structure 910. In some embodiments, the piezoelectric element 920 may be made of a piezoelectric material that generates a voltage based on the deformation, and exemplary piezoelectric materials may include piezoelectric ceramics, piezoelectric crystals, piezoelectric polymers (e.g., polyvinylidene fluoride), etc., or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the piezoelectric element 920 may be any shape, such as a sheet-like, block-like, column-like, ring-like, etc., or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the piezoelectric element 920 may be a sheet-like structure. In some embodiments, the wearable device 900 may include multiple piezoelectric elements 920 to achieve multiple points of adjustable clamping force between the fixed structure and the user's body.

[0076] In some embodiments, the piezoelectric element 920 may include a piezoelectric layer that generates a voltage based on deformation. Due to the inverse piezoelectric effect of the piezoelectric layer, when a deformation pressure acts on the piezoelectric layer, the piezoelectric layer generates a voltage in response. Specifically, the piezoelectric layer may be made of a piezoelectric material. In some embodiments, the piezoelectric element 920 may include a piezoelectric layer and a base layer, where the piezoelectric layer and the base layer extend along the longitudinal direction of the piezoelectric element 920 and are placed one on top of the other in the thickness direction of the piezoelectric element 920. The material of the base layer includes, but is not limited to, metals and alloys, glass fiber, carbon fiber, and the like, or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the piezoelectric element 920 may include two layers of piezoelectric and base layers, where the two layers of piezoelectric layers are fixed to the upper and lower surfaces of the base layer, respectively, by a physical method such as pasting. For more information on the piezoelectric element, please refer to other parts of this specification, such as Figures 16 to 19 and their related descriptions.

[0077] The function of the piezoelectric element 920 may be realized by one piezoelectric element. The piezoelectric element 920 generates a voltage by deforming when the fixed structure 910 is driven, and adjusts the shape of the fixed structure 910 in response to a control signal from the processor 930 so that the generated voltage is within a predetermined voltage range, thereby realizing adjustment of the clamping force between the fixed structure 910 and the user's body. In some embodiments, the wearable device may include multiple piezoelectric elements to realize adjustment of the shape of multiple points of the fixed structure.

[0078] The function of the piezoelectric element 920 may be realized by a plurality of piezoelectric elements. In some embodiments, the piezoelectric element 920 may include a first sub-piezoelectric element that may be deformed by driving the fixed structure 910 to generate a voltage, and a second sub-piezoelectric element, and the processor 930 receives the voltage and outputs a control signal in response to the voltage not being within a predetermined voltage range to generate a driving voltage acting on the second sub-piezoelectric element, thereby adjusting the shape of the fixed structure 910, thereby achieving adjustment of the clamping force between the fixed structure 910 and the user's body, and adjusting the clamping force to an appropriate range (e.g., 0.1 N to 0.8 N). In some embodiments, the acoustic output device may include a plurality of second sub-piezoelectric elements to achieve adjustment of the shape of a plurality of points of the fixed structure.

[0079] The processor 930 can interact with the piezoelectric element 920. For example, the processor 930 may process data and / or information obtained from the piezoelectric element 920, or for example, the processor 930 may transmit data and / or information to the piezoelectric element 920. In some embodiments, the processor 930 may receive a voltage generated at the piezoelectric element 920, and in response to the voltage not being within a predetermined voltage range, the processor 930 outputs a control signal to generate a driving voltage acting on the piezoelectric element 920 to adjust a shape of the fixation structure, whereby the adjusted shape of the fixation structure improves comfort for a user wearing the acoustic output device by providing a clamping force to affix the output assembly near the user's ear. In some embodiments, the processor 930 may be a local or remote processor. In some embodiments, the processor 930 may be implemented in a cloud platform. For example, the cloud platform may include a private cloud, a public cloud, a hybrid cloud, a community cloud, a distributed cloud, an intercloud, a multicloud, etc., or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, processor 930 may include one or more processors (e.g., a single-chip processor or a multi-chip processor). In some embodiments, processor 930 may be a separate device. In some embodiments, processor 930 may be part of a terminal device (e.g., virtual reality glasses) or a user device (e.g., a mobile phone, a tablet, a laptop, etc.). For example, processor 930 may be integrated into the terminal device or the user device.

[0080] The function of the piezoelectric element may be realized by a single piezoelectric element. The process of controlling the deformation of the fixed structure by a single piezoelectric element is as shown in Fig. 10, which is a flowchart of controlling the deformation of the fixed structure by a single piezoelectric element according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in Fig. 10, a flow 1000 includes step 1010 and step 1020.

[0081] In step 1010, the piezoelectric element generates a voltage in response to deformation of the fixed structure.

[0082] In some embodiments, when a user wears the wearable device, the fixing structure deforms to accommodate the user's body, and the piezoelectric element fixed to the fixing structure is driven to deform. The piezoelectric layer of the piezoelectric element has a piezoelectric effect, and when a force acts on the piezoelectric element to deform it, the piezoelectric element generates a voltage accordingly. In some embodiments, the voltage generated in the piezoelectric element after deformation has a corresponding relationship with the amount of deformation. For example, the larger the amount of deformation of the piezoelectric element, the larger the voltage generated. In some embodiments, the piezoelectric element may generate a voltage signal in the range of 0 to 100 mV based on the deformation of the fixing structure to facilitate the processor's determination of the clamping force. For a description of the piezoelectric element and the fixing structure, reference may be made to other parts of this specification, such as the related descriptions in FIG. 9 and FIG. 16.

[0083] In step 1020, the processor receives the voltage of the piezoelectric element, and in response to the voltage not being within a predetermined voltage range, outputs a control signal to generate a driving voltage acting on the piezoelectric element to adjust the shape of the fixed structure. For a description of the processor, please refer to other parts of this specification, such as the related description of FIG. 9.

[0084] In some embodiments, the method may further include the step of the processor determining whether the voltage is within a predetermined voltage range before responding that the voltage is not within the predetermined voltage range. The predetermined voltage range may be a range of output voltage of the piezoelectric element when the fixing structure deforms to provide an appropriate clamping force (e.g., 0.1 N to 0.8 N). In some embodiments, the predetermined voltage range may be input by a user based on his or her own wearing sensation, or may be data pre-stored in a storage unit in the processor. The predetermined voltage range may be adaptively adjusted according to the type, wearing position, and user group of the wearable device.

[0085] Specifically, when the voltage is within a predetermined voltage range, it indicates that the clamping force between the fixed structure and the user's body is appropriate, and the clamping force at this time is not too loose or too tight for the user or the application scenario the user is in. When the voltage is within the predetermined voltage range, the processor does not output a control signal.

[0086] If the voltage is not within the predetermined voltage range, the processor outputs a control signal to generate a driving voltage acting on the piezoelectric element, the driving voltage is a voltage that drives the piezoelectric element to deform, and may be generated by a processor control circuit or an electronic element and can act on the piezoelectric element, and the piezoelectric element, due to its own inverse piezoelectric effect, can adjust its own deformation after receiving the driving voltage, and then drive the fixed structure to adjust the deformation, and adjust the shape of the fixed structure.

[0087] In some embodiments, the piezoelectric element adjusts its deformation after receiving the driving voltage, and the fixing structure connected to the piezoelectric element adjusts its deformation accordingly, thereby realizing the adjustment of the shape of the fixing structure. In some embodiments, the adjustment of the shape of the fixing structure can provide a clamping force for attaching the output assembly near the user's ear. To ensure the comfort of a user wearing the wearable device, in some embodiments, the clamping force is in the range of 0.1N to 0.8N. In some embodiments, the clamping force may be in the range of 0.2N to 0.6N. In some embodiments, the clamping force may be in the range of 0.3N to 0.5N.

[0088] Specifically, if the voltage is not within the predetermined voltage range, indicating that the clamping force of the fixation structure on the user at this time is too loose or too tight, the processor outputs a control signal to the piezoelectric element, which acts on the piezoelectric element, causing the piezoelectric element to change its deformation (e.g., magnitude or direction of deformation) in response to the driving voltage. In some embodiments, the piezoelectric element increases or decreases its deformation in response to the driving voltage. In some embodiments, the piezoelectric element deforms along a direction toward or away from the user's body in response to the driving voltage, and when the piezoelectric element deforms along a direction toward the user's body, the piezoelectric element provides additional clamping force, increasing the clamping force between the fixation structure and the user's body, and when the piezoelectric element deforms along a direction away from the user's body, decreasing the clamping force between the fixation structure and the user's body.

[0089] It should be noted that the above description of the flow 1000 is merely illustrative and explanatory, and does not limit the scope of the present application. Those skilled in the art may make various modifications and changes to the flow 1000 under the guidance of the present application. However, these modifications and changes are still within the scope of the present application. For example, step 1020 is divided into multiple steps.

[0090] In some embodiments, the function of the piezoelectric element may be realized by multiple piezoelectric elements. The process of controlling the deformation of the fixed structure by multiple piezoelectric elements is as shown in FIG. 11, which is a flowchart of controlling the deformation of the fixed structure by multiple piezoelectric elements according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 11, a flow 1100 includes step 1110 and step 1120.

[0091] In step 1110, the first sub-piezoelectric element generates a voltage in response to deformation of the fixed structure. The first sub-piezoelectric element described in step 1110 can achieve the same function as the piezoelectric element described in step 1010. For a detailed description of step 1110, please refer to the content of step 1010 in FIG. 10, and the description will be omitted here.

[0092] In step 1120, the processor receives the voltage of the first sub-piezoelectric element and, in response to the voltage not being within a predetermined voltage range, outputs a control signal to generate a driving voltage acting on the second sub-piezoelectric element to adjust the shape of the fixed structure.

[0093] In some embodiments, the method may further include determining whether the voltage is within a predetermined voltage range before responding that the voltage is not within the predetermined voltage range, and if the voltage is within the predetermined voltage range, the processor does not output the control signal.

[0094] If the voltage is not within the predetermined voltage range, the processor outputs a control signal to generate a driving voltage acting on the second sub-piezoelectric element, and due to its own inverse piezoelectric effect, the second sub-piezoelectric element adjusts its deformation after receiving the driving voltage, and the fixing structure connected to the second sub-piezoelectric element adjusts its deformation accordingly, thereby achieving an adjustment of the shape of the fixing structure. In some embodiments, the adjustment of the shape of the fixing structure can provide a clamping force for attaching the output assembly near the user's ear. Specifically, the first sub-piezoelectric element can detect the deformation of the fixing structure based on the generated voltage, and the second sub-piezoelectric element can adjust the shape of the fixing structure in response to the driving voltage, and the driving voltage is generated based on the control signal sent from the processor.

[0095] It should be noted that the above description of the flow 1100 is merely illustrative and explanatory, and does not limit the scope of the present application. Those skilled in the art can make various modifications and changes to the flow 1100 under the guidance of the present application. However, these modifications and changes are still within the scope of the present application. For example, step 1120 is divided into multiple steps.

[0096] In some embodiments, in order to improve the sensitivity of the piezoelectric element to the deformation of the fixed structure, the piezoelectric element may be located at the position of the fixed structure with the largest deformation stress. FIG. 12 is a curve diagram of the voltage output by the piezoelectric element at different positions of the fixed structure according to some embodiments of the present application. In FIG. 12, pt represents the distance between the piezoelectric element and the position of the fixed structure with the largest deformation stress. The fixed structure here is a back-hanging structure as shown in FIG. 2 or FIG. 16, and when the fixed structure is a back-hanging structure, the position with the largest deformation stress is the midpoint of the back-hanging structure. As shown in FIG. 12, curves 121, 122, 123, and 124 characterize the curve of the voltage output by the piezoelectric element when the distance between the piezoelectric element and the position of the fixed structure with the largest deformation stress is 0 mm, 5 mm, 10 mm, and 15 mm, respectively. As can be seen from FIG. 12, the closer the piezoelectric element is to the position of the fixed structure with the largest deformation stress, the larger the voltage output by the piezoelectric element or the first sub-piezoelectric element. In some embodiments, the piezoelectric element may be located at a position of the fixed structure having the largest deformation stress in order to increase the voltage output by the piezoelectric element or the first sub-piezoelectric element to meet the input requirements of the processor. For example, if the fixed structure is a back-hanging structure, the piezoelectric element may be located at a center position of the back-hanging structure or a position close to the center position of the back-hanging structure. For example, if the fixed structure is a headphone, the piezoelectric element may be located at a center position of the head-mounted structure or a position close to the center position of the head-mounted structure. For example, if the fixed structure is a temple, the piezoelectric element may be located at a position of the temple close to the user's ear.

[0097] 13 is a curve diagram of the clamping force when the piezoelectric element is located at different positions on the fixed structure, according to some embodiments of the present application, where pd represents the distance between the piezoelectric element and the end of the fixed structure (e.g., the end of the back-hanging structure). As shown in FIG. 13, curves 131, 133, 135, 137 characterize the curves of the clamping force adjusted by the piezoelectric element or the second sub-piezoelectric element in a certain time period in response to a forward drive voltage (based on a control signal sent from the processor, the piezoelectric element or the second sub-piezoelectric element responds to a forward drive voltage, and the forward drive voltage increases the clamping force on the user of the fixed structure) when the distance between the piezoelectric element and the end of the fixed structure is 15 mm, 10 mm, 5 mm, 0 mm, respectively, and curves 132, 134, 136, 138 characterize the curves of the clamping force adjusted by the piezoelectric element in a certain time period in response to a reverse drive voltage equal to the forward drive voltage (based on a control signal sent from the processor, the piezoelectric element or the second sub-piezoelectric element responds to a reverse drive voltage, and the reverse drive voltage decreases the clamping force on the user of the fixed structure) when the distance between the piezoelectric element and the end of the fixed structure is 15 mm, 10 mm, 5 mm, 0 mm, respectively. As can be seen from FIG. 13, the further the piezoelectric element is from the end of the fixed structure, i.e., the closer the piezoelectric element is to the position of the fixed structure with the largest deformation stress, the greater the adjustment range for the clamping force of the fixed structure. In addition, the further the piezoelectric element is from the end of the fixed structure, the greater the adjustment range for the clamping force of the fixed structure in response to equal and opposite driving voltages. In some embodiments, the piezoelectric element may be located at a position of the fixed structure with a large deformation stress so that the piezoelectric element can greatly adjust the clamping force of the fixed structure, for example, the piezoelectric element may be located in a middle region that is the same distance from both ends of the fixed structure. In some embodiments, when the piezoelectric element includes a first sub-piezoelectric element that generates a voltage and a second sub-piezoelectric element that adjusts the shape of the fixed structure, the second sub-piezoelectric element may be located on the side of the fixed structure away from the first sub-piezoelectric element or the second sub-piezoelectric element may be close to the first sub-piezoelectric element, thereby improving the ability of the second sub-piezoelectric element to adjust the shape of the fixed structure.

[0098] In some embodiments, the piezoelectric element may be a piezoelectric unimorph element to improve the sensitivity of the piezoelectric element to deformation of the fixed structure and the ability to adjust the shape of the fixed structure. FIG. 14 is a curve diagram of a voltage output by a piezoelectric element according to some embodiments of the present application. As shown in FIG. 14, curve 141 characterizes the curve of a voltage output by a single piezoelectric element with an excitation force, and curves 142 and 143 characterize the curves of a voltage output by a piezoelectric unimorph element and a first sub-piezoelectric element in a piezoelectric bimorph element connected to a fixed structure, respectively, with the same excitation force, where the distance between the piezoelectric unimorph element and the first sub-piezoelectric element and the end of the fixed structure (post-hanging structure) is both 5 mm. Curves 144 and 145 characterize the curves of a voltage output by a piezoelectric unimorph element and a first sub-piezoelectric element in a piezoelectric bimorph element connected to a fixed structure, respectively, with the same excitation force, where the distance between the piezoelectric unimorph element and the first sub-piezoelectric element and the end of the fixed structure is both 0 mm. 14, the closer the piezoelectric element and the first sub-piezoelectric element are to the end of the fixed structure, the smaller the voltage output by the piezoelectric element or the first sub-piezoelectric element. In addition, the piezoelectric unimorph element outputs a larger voltage compared to the first sub-piezoelectric element in the piezoelectric bimorph element. In some embodiments, the piezoelectric element may be a piezoelectric unimorph element, since the piezoelectric element outputs a larger voltage to meet the input requirements required by the processor.

[0099] Fig. 15 is a curve diagram of the clamping force adjusted by the second sub-piezoelectric element and the piezoelectric unimorph element in the piezoelectric bimorph element. As shown in Fig. 15, curve 151 characterizes the curve of the clamping force adjusted by a single piezoelectric element with a driving voltage, curves 152 and 153 characterize the curve of the clamping force adjusted by the piezoelectric unimorph element and the second sub-piezoelectric element in the piezoelectric bimorph element connected to the fixed structure, respectively, with the same driving voltage, where the distance between the piezoelectric unimorph element and the second sub-piezoelectric element and the end of the fixed structure (the end of the back-hanging structure) is both 5 mm, and curves 154 and 155 characterize the curve of the clamping force adjusted by the piezoelectric unimorph element and the second sub-piezoelectric element in the piezoelectric bimorph element connected to the fixed structure, respectively, with the same driving voltage, where the distance between the piezoelectric unimorph element and the second sub-piezoelectric element and the end of the fixed structure is both 0 mm. 15, the closer the piezoelectric unimorph element and the second sub-piezoelectric element are to the end of the fixing structure, the smaller the clamping force adjusted by the piezoelectric unimorph element or the second sub-piezoelectric element. In addition, the piezoelectric unimorph element adjusts a larger clamping force compared to the second sub-piezoelectric element in the piezoelectric bimorph element. In some embodiments, the piezoelectric element may be a piezoelectric unimorph element, such that the piezoelectric element can adjust a larger clamping force of the fixing structure.

[0100] FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary back-hanging earphone according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 16, the wearable device may be a back-hanging earphone. In some embodiments, the wearable device may include a fixed structure 1610, a functional element 1620, and a piezoelectric element 1630, and the fixed structure 1610 is formed in a curved shape to fit the back of the user's head. In some embodiments, the fixed structure 1610 may include an elastic wire and an elastic covering covering the elastic wire. The functional element 1620 is connected to both ends of the fixed structure 1610, and the piezoelectric element 1630 is located on the fixed structure 1610. The connection described herein may include a connection method such as bolt connection, riveting, interference fit, locking, adhesion, injection molding, welding, magnetic attraction, etc., or any combination thereof.

[0101] In some embodiments, the functional element 1620 may be a bone conduction speaker or an air conduction speaker. In some embodiments, when a user wears the wearable device, the fixing structure 1610 is installed to be hooked on the back of the user's head, and the fixing structure 1610 installs the functional element 1620 close to both ears of the user, for example, the functional element 1620 is located in a facial area in front of the user's pinna. In some embodiments, the functional element 1620 is fixed in a position near the user's ear that does not block the user's ear canal. For example, when the functional element 1620 is a bone conduction speaker or a hearing aid, the bone conduction sound waves generated in the bone conduction speaker or the hearing aid may be transmitted to the user's auditory nerve by the user's bone, blood, muscle, etc. In some embodiments, in order to adapt to different shapes of the back of the user's head or different requirements for the tightness of the user's wearing in different application scenarios, the fixing structure 1610 may have elasticity, and when different users wear the wearable device, the fixing structure 1610 may have different deformation amounts accordingly. In some embodiments, any portion of the fixed structure 1610 adjacent to the functional element 1620 may have a curved portion 1611 (also called an ear hook), which is formed into a shape that fits the human ear, and when the user wears the audio output device, the curved portion 1611 may be hooked onto the ear.

[0102] In some embodiments, in order to improve the sensitivity of the piezoelectric element 1630 to the deformation amount of the fixed structure 1610, the piezoelectric element 1630 may be located in an intermediate region along the extension direction of the fixed structure 1610, i.e., the piezoelectric element 1630 is located at a position farthest from the functional element 1620 of the fixed structure 1610. When a user wears the wearable device shown in FIG. 16, the piezoelectric element 1630 may be located at a position of the fixed structure 1610 close to the rear side of the user's head, and the fixed structure 1610 has a large deformation amount at that position. In some embodiments, the piezoelectric element 1630 may include a plurality of piezoelectric elements, one of which may generate a voltage in response to the deformation of the fixed structure 1610, and the remaining piezoelectric elements may deform based on the driving voltage to adjust the shape of the fixed structure 1610. For example, the piezoelectric element 1630 may include a first piezoelectric element and a second piezoelectric element, the first piezoelectric element may be located close to the center point of the fixed structure 1610 to sense and control the deformation amount of the fixed structure 1610, and the second piezoelectric element may be located at a certain distance (e.g., 2 cm) from the first piezoelectric element of the fixed structure 1610. For example, the piezoelectric element 1630 may include a first piezoelectric element, a second piezoelectric element, and a third piezoelectric element, the first piezoelectric element may be located close to the center point of the fixed structure 1610, and the second piezoelectric element and the third piezoelectric element may be symmetrically placed with respect to the center line of the fixed structure 1610 to control the shape of the fixed structure 1610. In some embodiments, one or more piezoelectric elements may also be placed on the curved portion 1611 of the fixed structure 1610. For example, the fixed structure 1610 may be provided with a piezoelectric element that generates a voltage in response to deformation of the fixed structure, and the piezoelectric element provided in the curved portion 1611 may adjust the clamping force of the functional element 1620 against the user's facial area.

[0103] In some embodiments, a processor may be installed inside the fixed structure 1610, and when the user wears the wearable device, the piezoelectric element 1630 is deformed by driving the fixed structure 1610 and transmits a voltage value having a corresponding relationship with the deformation amount to the processor, and the processor determines whether the received voltage is within a predetermined voltage range. If the voltage is within the predetermined voltage range, it indicates that the clamping force between the fixed structure 1610 and the user's head is appropriate, and the clamping force at this time is not too loose or too tight for the user or the application scenario in which the user is located. If the voltage is not within the predetermined voltage range, it indicates that the clamping force at this time is too loose or too tight for the user, and the processor outputs a control signal to the piezoelectric element 1630 to generate a driving voltage acting on the piezoelectric element 1630, and adjusts the shape of the fixed structure 1610, so that the fixed structure 1610 provides a clamping force to be attached near the user's ear. In some embodiments, the piezoelectric element 1630 adjusts its deformation (e.g., the magnitude of the deformation amount or the deformation direction) in response to the driving voltage. In some embodiments, the piezoelectric element 1630 increases its deformation in response to the driving voltage. In some embodiments, the piezoelectric element 1630 deforms along a direction toward or away from the user's body in response to the driving voltage, where the piezoelectric element 1630 provides an additional clamping force such that the clamping force between the fixed structure 1610 and the user's body is greater when the piezoelectric element 1630 deforms along a direction toward the user's body, and the clamping force between the fixed structure 1610 and the user's body is less when the piezoelectric element 1630 deforms along a direction away from the user's body.

[0104] 16 may be the vibration transmission member 130 (e.g., the output assembly 132 and the ear hook 131) in Fig. 1, and Fig. 2 and its related explanations can be referred to for the content that the functional element 1620 is the vibration transmission member 130. In addition, the functional element 1620 shown in Fig. 16 is not limited to a speaker, and may be a hearing aid.

[0105] FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary headphone according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 17, the wearable device may be a headphone. As shown in FIG. 17, the wearable device may include a fixed structure 1710, a functional element 1720, and a piezoelectric element 1730. The fixed structure 1710 may be a head-mounted structure adapted to the top of the user's head, and the functional elements 1720 are connected to both ends of the fixed structure 1710, and the piezoelectric element 1730 is installed on the fixed structure 1710. In some embodiments, the functional element 1720 may be an air conduction speaker. In some embodiments, when a user wears the wearable device, the fixed structure 1710 is installed so as to be hooked on the top of the user's head, and the functional element 1720 is installed so as to cover the user's ears by the action of the fixed structure 1710.

[0106] In some embodiments, the number of the piezoelectric elements 1730 may be one or more. For example, when the number of the piezoelectric elements 1730 is one, the piezoelectric element 1730 may be located in the middle region of the fixed structure 1710, that is, the piezoelectric element 1730 is located at the position farthest from the functional element 1720 of the fixed structure 1710. When the user wears the wearable device, the deformation amount at the position close to the top of the user's head at the center point of the fixed structure 1710 is large. In some embodiments, the number of the piezoelectric elements 1730 may be two, three, or more. For a specific setting method, refer to FIG. 16 and its related description.

[0107] FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary pair of glasses according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 18, the wearable device may be a pair of glasses. The wearable device may include a fixed structure 1810, a functional element 1820, and a piezoelectric element 1830. The fixed structure 1810 may be a pair of temples, the functional element 1820 may be a lens, the lens is connected to an end of the fixed structure 1810, and the piezoelectric element 1830 is located on the fixed structure 1810. When a user wears the wearable device, the fixed structure 1810 is installed so as to be hooked on the user's ear.

[0108] When the fixed structure 1810 is a temple structure, one end of the temple is connected to a lens, and when a user wears the glasses, the deformation amount occurring at a position near the end is large, and the deformation amount occurring at a position away from the end of the temple structure is large, and in some embodiments, the piezoelectric element 1830 may be located at a position close to the lens of the fixed structure 1810 or at a position away from the lens of the fixed structure 1810 to ensure sensitivity to the deformation of the fixed structure 1810. In some embodiments, the piezoelectric element 1830 may be located at a middle position along the longitudinal direction of the temple. In some embodiments, the functional element 1820 may include a rim structure, and the lens may be connected to the rim structure, and the rim structure may be connected to the temple by a connecting rod (not shown), and when a user wears the glasses, the stress applied to the connecting rod is large, and in some embodiments, the piezoelectric element 1830 may be located on the connecting rod. In some embodiments, one or more piezoelectric elements 1830 may be installed on the fixed structure 1810 of the wearable device. For example, when the number of the piezoelectric elements is one, the piezoelectric element may be located on one temple. Also, for example, when the number of the piezoelectric elements is two, the piezoelectric elements may be located on two temples, respectively, or may be located on the same temple. In some embodiments, the piezoelectric elements 1830 may be arranged along the extension direction of the fixed structure 1810 so that the piezoelectric elements 1830 can greatly feel the deformation of the fixed structure 1810. The processor of the wearable device can simultaneously interact with the multiple piezoelectric elements 1830 to realize the adjustment of the clamping force between the user's head and the fixed structure. For a specific manner of monitoring and adjusting the clamping force, refer to the content in FIG. 16 in which the processor monitors and controls the deformation of the fixed structure by the piezoelectric elements.

[0109] In some embodiments, the wearable device may be glasses with an audio function, and a speaker or a hearing aid may be installed in the fixing structure 1810. Specifically, when a user wears the wearable device, the functional element 1820 is located on the user's face, the fixing structure 1810 is attached to the ear from one side of the functional element 1820 and supported by the user's ear, and the speaker or the hearing aid installed in the fixing structure 1810 is installed so as to be close to both ears of the user. In some embodiments, in order to facilitate the installation of the speaker or the hearing aid, a concave structure is installed on each temple on both sides of the fixing structure 1810, and the speaker or the hearing aid is installed in the concave structure.

[0110] FIG. 19 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary wearable device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 19, the wearable device may be a virtual reality device or an augmented reality device, and the wearable device may include a fixed structure 1910, a functional element 1920, and a piezoelectric element 1930, where the fixed structure 1910 is a back-hanging structure, both ends of the fixed structure 1910 are connected to the functional element 1920, and the functional element 1920 may be an optical display fixed to the end of the fixed structure 1910. The optical display is a device that displays images and colors. In some embodiments, the fixed structure 1910 fixes the functional element 1920 to the user's eyes, and when the user wears the wearable device, the fixed structure 1910 is fixed to surround the user's head.

[0111] In some embodiments, in order to improve the sensitivity of the piezoelectric element 1930 to the deformation amount of the fixed structure 1910, the piezoelectric element 1930 may be located in the middle area of ​​the fixed structure 1910 (e.g., a hanging structure), i.e., the piezoelectric element 1930 is located at the position furthest from the functional element 1920 of the fixed structure 1910. When a user wears the wearable device shown in FIG. 19, the piezoelectric element 1930 may be located at a position of the fixed structure 1910 close to the rear side of the user's head, and the fixed structure 1910 has a large deformation amount at that position. In some embodiments, the number of the piezoelectric elements 1930 may be one or more, and the installation method of the piezoelectric element in the fixed structure 1910 can be referred to FIG. 16 and its related description.

[0112] In some embodiments, a processor may be installed inside the fixed structure 1910, or the processor may be installed independently of the wearable device. Specifically, the piezoelectric element 1930 can detect the deformation of the fixed structure 1910 and transmit a voltage value to the processor based on the deformation amount of the fixed structure 1910, and the processor transmits a control signal to the piezoelectric element based on the voltage value. For a specific manner of monitoring and controlling the clamping force, refer to the content in FIG. 16 in which the processor monitors and controls the deformation of the fixed structure by the piezoelectric element.

[0113] In some embodiments, the wearable device may be a virtual reality device or an augmented reality device with an audio function, and a speaker, a hearing aid, or the like may be installed in the fixed structure 1910. In some embodiments, the speaker or hearing aid installed in the fixed structure 1910 is installed close to the ear of the user. In some embodiments, in order to facilitate the installation of the speaker or hearing aid, a concave structure is installed in the fixed structure 1910 close to the ear, and the speaker or hearing aid is installed in the concave structure. In some embodiments, a concave structure is installed in each position of the fixed structure 1910 close to both ears, and two speakers or hearing aids are installed in the concave structures on both sides, respectively.

[0114] It should be noted that the wearable devices shown in FIGS. 16 to 19 are merely illustrative and are not limiting. For example, the wearable device may be a device such as a smart watch, a helmet, etc. Correspondingly, the piezoelectric element may be located on the band of the smart watch, or on the inner wall of the helmet. In some embodiments, the piezoelectric element may adjust only the shape of the fixing structure so that the fixing structure has an appropriate clamping force when the user wears the wearable device. For example, the user can input a control command through the operating system of the wearable device or an electronic device (e.g., a mobile phone, a tablet, etc.) connected thereto, and the processor controls the deformation amount of the piezoelectric element based on the control command to adjust the shape of the fixing structure.

[0115] Although the basic concept has been described above, it is clear to those skilled in the art that the above detailed disclosure is merely provided as an example and does not limit the present application. Although not explicitly described herein, those skilled in the art can make various changes, improvements and modifications to the present application. These changes, improvements and modifications are intended to be suggested by the present application and therefore still fall within the spirit and scope of the exemplary embodiments of the present application.

[0116] Furthermore, certain terms are used herein to describe embodiments of the present application. For example, "one embodiment," "an embodiment," and / or "some embodiments" refer to a particular feature, structure, or characteristic associated with at least one embodiment of the present application. Thus, it is emphasized and understood that references to "one embodiment," "one embodiment," or "one alternative embodiment" more than once in various parts of this specification do not necessarily all refer to the same embodiment. Also, certain features, structures, or characteristics of one or more embodiments of the present application may be combined as appropriate.

[0117] Additionally, unless expressly stated in the claims, the order of enumeration of processing elements or sequences described herein, the use of alphanumeric characters, or the use of other designations, do not limit the order of procedures and methods of the present application. While the above disclosure describes through various examples what are presently believed to be various useful embodiments of the invention, it should be understood that such details are merely illustrative and that the appended claims are not limited to the disclosed embodiments, but on the contrary are intended to cover all modifications and equivalent combinations that are within the spirit and scope of the embodiments of the present application. For example, the system assembly described above may be implemented by a hardware device, but may also be implemented as a software-only solution, for example, by installing the described system on a conventional server or mobile device.

[0118] Similarly, in the foregoing description of embodiments of the present application, it should be understood that various features may be grouped together in a single embodiment, figure, or description for the purpose of streamlining the disclosure and facilitating an understanding of one or more embodiments of the present invention. This method of disclosure, however, should not be interpreted as reflecting an intention that the claimed subject matter requires more features than are recited in each claim. In fact, an embodiment may include fewer than all features of a single embodiment disclosed above.

[0119] In some embodiments, numbers describing the number of components and attributes are used, and it is understood that the numbers describing such embodiments are modified in some instances by the modifiers "about," "approximately," or "generally." Unless otherwise specified, "about," "approximately," or "generally" indicate that the numbers may vary by ±20%. Thus, in some embodiments, all numerical parameters used in the specification and claims are approximations that may vary depending on the characteristics required for a particular embodiment. In some embodiments, the numerical parameters should be applied with the stated number of significant digits and ordinary rounding techniques. In some embodiments, the numerical ranges and parameters determining the ranges are approximations; however, in specific embodiments, such numerical values ​​are set as precisely as possible.

[0120] All patents, patent applications, published patent applications, and other materials, such as articles, books, specifications, publications, documents, etc., referenced in this application are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety, except for prosecution history documents that are inconsistent or inconsistent with the content of this application, and documents that may have a limiting effect on the broadest scope of the claims of this application (now or later related to this application). In addition, if the explanations, definitions, and / or use of terms in the accompanying materials of this application are inconsistent or inconsistent with the content set forth in this application, the explanations, definitions, and / or use of terms in this application shall control.

[0121] Finally, it should be understood that the embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the principles of the embodiments of the present application. Other variations may be within the scope of the present application. Thus, by way of example, and not of limitation, alternative configurations of the embodiments of the present application may be considered consistent with the teachings of the present application. Thus, the embodiments of the present application are not limited to the embodiments expressly introduced and described herein. [Explanation of symbols]

[0122] 31 First Resonant Peak 41 Center point 42 First Straight Line 61 First Resonant Peak 71 Connection points 72 Connection points 73 Second Straight Line 81 First Resonant Peak 100 Audio output device 110 Fixed structure 120 First Piezoelectric Element 130 Vibration transmission member 131 Ear hook 132 Output Assembly 210 Fixed structure 220 First Piezoelectric Element 231 Ear hook 232 Output Assembly 420 First Piezoelectric Element 431 Ear hook 432 Output Assembly 720 First Piezoelectric Element 731 Ear hook 732 Output Assembly 900 Wearable Devices 910 Fixed structure 920 Piezoelectric element 930 Processor 1610 Fixed structure 1620 Functional elements 1630 Piezoelectric element 1710 Fixed structure 1720 Functional elements 1730 Piezoelectric element 1810 Fixed structure 1820 Functional elements 1830 Piezoelectric element 1910 Fixed structure 1920 Functional element 1930 Piezoelectric element 4321 Contact surface

Claims

1. 1. An audio output device, comprising: a first piezoelectric element configured to generate vibrations based on an audio signal; a fixing structure configured to fix the acoustic output device at a position near a user's ear so as not to block the user's ear canal, the fixing structure having an end connected to one end of the first piezoelectric element; a vibration transmission member including an ear hook and an output assembly, one end of the ear hook being connected to an end of the first piezoelectric element remote from the fixed structure and the other end being connected to the output assembly, the output assembly receiving vibrations of the first piezoelectric element through the ear hook and outputting sound, a frequency response curve of the sound having at least two resonant peaks; 13. An audio output device comprising:

2. 2. The acoustic output device of claim 1, wherein the output assembly includes a contact surface that contacts a facial area of ​​a user, an end of the ear hook is connected to one side of the output assembly and has a first connection surface, a projection of the ear hook onto the first connection surface is an ear hook projection curve that passes through a center point of the first connection surface and is tangent to the ear hook projection curve to form a first straight line, and the range of the included angle between the contact surface and the first straight line is 0° to 50°.

3. The acoustic output device of claim 2, wherein the ear hook is connected to the first piezoelectric element and has a second connection surface, a connection point between the ear hook and the first piezoelectric element is located on the second connection surface, a line connecting the connection point between the ear hook and the first piezoelectric element and the connection point between the ear hook and the output assembly is defined as a second straight line, and a range of an included angle between a projection of the first piezoelectric element onto the second connection surface and the second straight line is -20° to 20°.

4. The audio output device of claim 2 , wherein when a user wears the audio output device, a contact surface of the output assembly is applied to a facial area adjacent the user's ears.

5. The sound output device according to claim 1 , wherein the fixing structure has elasticity and is installed so as to be hooked onto a rear side of the user's head when the user wears the sound output device.

6. The acoustic output device of claim 1 , wherein the at least two resonant peaks include a first resonant peak having a corresponding resonant frequency in a range of 5 Hz to 30 Hz.

7. 2. The audio output device of claim 1, wherein the output assembly includes an audio unit located inside the output assembly, a side wall of the output assembly includes a sound emission hole, and sound emitted from the audio unit is transmitted to the outside through the sound emission hole.

8. a frequency division module configured to divide the audio signal into a high frequency band component and a low frequency band component; a high frequency signal processing module coupled to the frequency division module and configured to generate a high frequency output signal based on the high frequency band components; a low-frequency signal processing module coupled to the frequency division module and configured to generate a low-frequency output signal based on the low-frequency band components; 8. The acoustic output device of claim 7, comprising:

9. 9. The sound output device according to claim 8, wherein a frequency division point between the high frequency band component and the low frequency band component is within a range of 200 Hz to 600 Hz or within a range of 1000 Hz to 3000 Hz.

10. The resonant frequencies corresponding to the two resonant peaks closest to the frequency division point are f １ and [0010] The relative relationship between the two is [0025] 10. The acoustic output device according to claim 9,

11. a second piezoelectric element connected to the fixed structure and configured to generate a voltage in response to deformation of the fixed structure; a processor for receiving the voltage and, in response to the voltage not being within a predetermined voltage range, outputting a control signal to generate a drive voltage acting on the second piezoelectric element to adjust a shape of the fixed structure; The audio output device of claim 1 .

12. The acoustic output device of claim 11 , wherein the second piezoelectric element is located at a position of the fixed structure furthest from the output assembly.

13. the second piezoelectric element includes a first sub-piezoelectric element and a second sub-piezoelectric element that generate a voltage in response to deformation of the fixed structure, The acoustic output device of claim 11, wherein the processor receives the voltage and, in response to the voltage not being within a predetermined voltage range, outputs a control signal to generate a drive voltage acting on the second sub-piezoelectric element to adjust a shape of the fixed structure.

14. 14. The acoustic output device of claim 11 or 13, wherein a contoured fixing structure provides a clamping force for attaching the output assembly adjacent to the user's ear, the clamping force being in the range of 0.1 N to 0.8 N.

15. The acoustic output device of claim 13 , wherein the first sub-piezoelectric element is located at a position of the fixed structure furthest from the output assembly, and the second sub-piezoelectric element is located at the fixed structure between the first sub-piezoelectric element and an ear hook.

Images