Ionic compounds and their applications, Perovskite precursor solutions, Perovskite materials, Solar energy cells and power consumption devices

Abstract

The present application provides an ionic compound and its application, a perovskite precursor solution, a perovskite material, a solar energy material, a solar energy battery, and a power consumption device. The structure of the ionic compound is represented by any one of formulas (1) to (3), and the ionic compound can improve the stability of the perovskite material, and further improve the efficiency and stability of the solar energy battery. [C37] TIFF2024530377000039.tif48130

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present application relates to the field of batteries, in particular to ionic compounds and their applications, perovskite precursor solutions, perovskite materials, solar energy batteries and power consuming devices. [Background technology]

[0002] With the rapid development of photovoltaic technology and perovskite materials, perovskite solar cells have been developed on the basis of combining photoelectrochemistry and perovskite materials. Perovskite solar cells use perovskite materials to manufacture the light absorption layer, and compared with solar cells with other materials, perovskite solar cells have many advantages. On the one hand, the perovskite material itself has a regular structure, a very large absorption range for the visible spectrum, and a good energy level matching effect with semiconductors such as titanium dioxide, which can maximize the use of visible light, and the efficiency of the manufactured perovskite solar cells is high. On the other hand, the hole transport layer of the perovskite solar cell can be solid, and the manufacturing method is simple and short, the cost is low, the packaging difficulty is greatly reduced compared with other solar cells with liquid hole layers, and the raw material source of the perovskite solar cell is relatively wide, and large-area flexible batteries and transparent batteries can be manufactured.

[0003] The perovskite light-absorbing layer is generally formed into a film by a solution method. During the film formation, the structural units of the perovskite material cannot avoid errors in alignment, which causes defects in the crystals of the formed light-absorbing layer, which directly affect the processes such as the generation and separation of excitons, carrier diffusion and charge transport in the perovskite solar cell, and further reduces the efficiency and stability of the perovskite solar cell.

[0004] Therefore, the conventional technology still needs to be improved. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0005] In view of the above problems, the present application provides an ionic compound and its application, a perovskite precursor solution, a perovskite material, a solar energy battery and a power consumption device, the ionic compound is intended to improve the stability of the perovskite material, and further improve the efficiency and stability of the solar energy battery. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] According to a first aspect, the present application provides an ionic compound, the structure of the ionic compound being represented by any one of formulas (1) to (3).

[0007] [ka]

[0008] wherein X1 appears each time and is independently selected from H or a paraffin group having 1 to 50 carbon atoms; R1 and N are linked together to form an aliphatic heterocycle which is unsubstituted or substituted by paraffin, the aliphatic heterocycle having 7 to 50 ring atoms and containing only one N atom; and at least one X1 in formula (1) is not H; X2 is selected from a paraffin group having 1 to 50 carbon atoms; R2 and N are linked together to form an aromatic heterocycle which is unsubstituted or substituted by paraffin, and the aromatic heterocycle has 7 to 50 ring atoms and contains only one N atom; X3 appears each time and is independently any one selected from H, an aromatic ring group having 6 to 50 ring atoms substituted with paraffin, an alicyclic alkyl group having 6 to 50 ring atoms substituted with paraffin, a paraffin group having 1 to 50 carbon atoms substituted with an aromatic ring, or a paraffin group having 1 to 50 carbon atoms substituted with an alicyclic alkane, and at least one X3 in formula (3) is not H, Y - is a fluorine-containing anion.

[0009] The ionic compound of the present application contains an N atom with one lone pair of electrons, forms a specific ring structure, and organically bonds with paraffin. Here, the lone pair of electrons on the N atom can coordinate with lead ions containing vacancies in the perovskite material, thereby reducing non-radiative complexes. The paraffin can combine with the free H formed in the perovskite material, preventing the free H and free iodine ions from forming acidic substances such as hydroiodic acid. At the same time, the aromatic heterocycle or alicyclic ring organically bonds with the paraffin, making the ionic compound have excellent hydrophobicity, and can effectively prevent water vapor in the environment from passing through crystal boundaries or other defect sites to enter the inside of the perovskite material and cause the decomposition of the perovskite material. This can improve the stability of the perovskite layer, reduce defects, and further improve the efficiency and stability of the solar energy cell.

[0010] R1 and N are linked together to form an aliphatic heterocycle which is unsubstituted or substituted by paraffin, the aliphatic heterocycle having 7 to 20 ring atoms and containing only one N atom; and / or R2 and N are linked together to form a fused aromatic heterocycle which is unsubstituted or substituted by paraffin, and the fused aromatic heterocycle has 8 to 20 ring atoms and contains only one N atom.

[0011] In some embodiments thereof, X3 appears each time and is independently one selected from the group consisting of H, an aromatic ring group having 6 to 20 ring atoms substituted with linear paraffin, an alicyclic alkyl group having 6 to 20 ring atoms substituted with linear paraffin, a linear paraffin group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms substituted with an aromatic ring, and a linear paraffin group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms substituted with an alicyclic alkane, and at least one X3 in formula (3) is not H.

[0012] In some of these embodiments, the structure of formula (3) is shown as follows:

[0013] [ka]

[0014] X3 is any one selected from an aromatic ring group having 6 to 20 ring atoms substituted with linear paraffin, and an alicyclic alkyl group having 6 to 20 ring atoms substituted with linear paraffin.

[0015] In some of the embodiments, the structure of the ionic compound is shown in Formulae (B)-(E).

[0016] [ka]

[0017] wherein X4 occurs at each occurrence and is independently selected from CR3 and R4; X5 occurs at each occurrence and is independently selected from CR5; R3 to R5 appear each time and are any one independently selected from H or a chain alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, and at least one R3 or at least one R4 in formula (B) is selected from a chain alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, and at least one R5 in formula (C) and formula (D) is selected from a chain alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms.

[0018] In some embodiments, R3 to R5 appear each time and are each independently selected from H or a linear alkyl group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms, and at least one R3 or at least one R4 in formula (B) is selected from a linear alkyl group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms, and at least one R5 in formula (C) and formula (E) is selected from a linear alkyl group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms.

[0019] In some embodiments, Y - is selected from a fluorine-containing borate ion or a fluorine-containing phosphate ion.

[0020] According to a second aspect, the present application provides an application of the ionic compound of the first aspect as an ionic liquid.

[0021] According to a third aspect, the present application provides an application of an ionic compound represented by any one of formulas (3) to (5) in the manufacture of a perovskite material.

[0022] [ka]

[0023] wherein X1 appears each time and is independently selected from H or a paraffin group having 1 to 50 carbon atoms; R7 and N are linked together to form an aliphatic heterocycle which is unsubstituted or substituted by paraffin, the aliphatic heterocycle having 6 to 50 ring atoms and containing only one N atom; and at least one X1 in formula (1) is not H; X2 is selected from a paraffin group having 1 to 50 carbon atoms; R6 and N are linked together to form an aromatic heterocycle which is unsubstituted or substituted by paraffin, and the aromatic heterocycle has 6 to 50 ring atoms and contains only one N atom; X3 appears each time and is independently any one selected from H, an aromatic ring group having 6 to 50 ring atoms substituted with paraffin, an alicyclic alkyl group having 6 to 50 ring atoms substituted with paraffin, a paraffin group having 1 to 50 carbon atoms substituted with an aromatic ring, or a paraffin group having 1 to 50 carbon atoms substituted with an alicyclic alkane, and at least one X3 in formula (3) is not H, Y - is a fluorine-containing anion.

[0024] According to a fourth aspect, the present application provides a perovskite precursor solution, the components of the perovskite precursor solution including at least one of the ionic compounds shown in (3) to (5) and a perovskite precursor.

[0025] [ka]

[0026] wherein X1 appears each time and is independently selected from H or a paraffin group having 1 to 50 carbon atoms; R7 and N are linked together to form an aliphatic heterocycle which is unsubstituted or substituted by paraffin, the aliphatic heterocycle having 6 to 50 ring atoms and containing only one N atom; and at least one X1 in formula (1) is not H; X2 is selected from a paraffin group having 1 to 50 carbon atoms; R6 and N are linked together to form an aromatic heterocycle which is unsubstituted or substituted by paraffin, and the aromatic heterocycle has 6 to 50 ring atoms and contains only one N atom; X3 appears each time and is independently any one selected from H, an aromatic ring group having 6 to 50 ring atoms substituted with paraffin, an alicyclic alkyl group having 6 to 50 ring atoms substituted with paraffin, a paraffin group having 1 to 50 carbon atoms substituted with an aromatic ring, or a paraffin group having 1 to 50 carbon atoms substituted with an alicyclic alkane, and at least one X3 in formula (3) is not H, Y - is a fluorine-containing anion.

[0027] According to a fifth aspect, the present application provides a perovskite material, the components of the perovskite material including at least one of the ionic compounds represented by formulas (3) to (5) and a perovskite compound.

[0028] [ka]

[0029] wherein X1 appears each time and is independently selected from H or a paraffin group having 1 to 50 carbon atoms; R7 and N are linked together to form an aliphatic heterocycle which is unsubstituted or substituted by paraffin, the aliphatic heterocycle having 6 to 50 ring atoms and containing only one N atom; and at least one X1 in formula (1) is not H; X2 is selected from a paraffin group having 1 to 50 carbon atoms; R6 and N are linked together to form an aromatic heterocycle which is unsubstituted or substituted by paraffin, and the aromatic heterocycle has 6 to 50 ring atoms and contains only one N atom; X3 appears each time and is independently any one selected from H, an aromatic ring group having 6 to 50 ring atoms substituted with paraffin, an alicyclic alkyl group having 6 to 50 ring atoms substituted with paraffin, a paraffin group having 1 to 50 carbon atoms substituted with an aromatic ring, or a paraffin group having 1 to 50 carbon atoms substituted with an alicyclic alkane, and at least one X3 in formula (3) is not H, Y - is a fluorine-containing anion.

[0030] According to a sixth aspect, the present application provides a method for producing a perovskite material of the fifth aspect, comprising: Mixing a perovskite precursor, the ionic compound and a solvent to obtain a perovskite precursor solution; and performing an annealing process on the perovskite precursor solution to obtain the perovskite material.

[0031] According to a seventh aspect, the present application provides a solar energy cell, said solar energy cell comprising a perovskite material according to the fifth aspect.

[0032] According to an eighth aspect, the present application provides a power consuming device, said power consuming device comprising a solar energy cell according to the seventh aspect.

[0033] The above description is only an outline of the technical solution of the present application, which can be implemented in accordance with the contents of the specification, in order to make the technical means of the present application more clearly understood, and to make the above and other objectives, features and advantages of the present application more obvious and understandable, the following particularly cites specific embodiments of the present application to describe them. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0034] Various other advantages and benefits will become clear and apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the detailed description of the preferred embodiments below. The drawings are merely for purposes of illustrating the preferred embodiments and are not to be considered as limiting the present application. And like drawing reference numbers are used to represent like elements in all the drawings. [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a solar energy cell according to one embodiment of the present application. [Diagram 2] 1 is a schematic diagram of a power consuming device that uses a solar energy battery as a power source according to one embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0035] The following describes in detail the embodiments of the technical solution of the present application in conjunction with the drawings. The following embodiments are merely for the purpose of more clearly illustrating the technical solution of the present application, and are merely examples, and should not be used to limit the scope of protection of the present application.

[0036] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art of the present application, and the terms used herein are merely for describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present application, and the terms "including" and "having" and any variations thereof in the specification and claims of this application and the description of the drawings above are intended to cover the non-exclusive "including".

[0037] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the technical terms "first", "second", etc. are merely for distinguishing different objects, and should not be understood as indicating or implying the relative importance, or implicitly specifying the number, specific order, or hierarchical relationship of the indicated technical features. In the description of the embodiments of the present application, unless otherwise specified, the meaning of "plurality" is two or more.

[0038] An "embodiment" referred to in this specification means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of the present application. The appearance of this phrase in various places in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it an independent or alternative embodiment that is mutually exclusive with other embodiments. Those skilled in the art can explicitly and implicitly understand that the embodiments described in this specification can be combined with other embodiments.

[0039] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the term "and / or" is merely a relation that describes related objects and indicates that three relations may exist, for example, A and / or B may represent three cases: A alone, a combination of A and B, and B alone. In addition, the character " / " in this specification generally indicates that the related objects before and after are in an "or" relationship.

[0040] In describing the embodiments of the present application, the term "plurality" refers to two or more (including two); similarly, "multiple sets" refers to two or more (including two sets); and "multiple sheets" refers to two or more (including two sheets).

[0041] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the orientations or positional relationships indicated by technical terms such as "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial direction", "radial direction", "circumferential direction", etc. are orientations or positional relationships shown based on the drawings, and are merely intended to facilitate and simplify the description of the embodiments of the present application, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to have a specific orientation and must be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as being intended to limit the embodiments of the present application.

[0042] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, unless otherwise clearly defined or limited, the technical terms "attached", "connected", "connected", "fixed" and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, may be a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection, may be a mechanical connection, may be an electrical connection, may be a direct connection, may be an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, may be a communication inside two elements, or may be an interactive relationship between two elements. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in the embodiments of the present application according to the specific situation.

[0043] In the present invention, the term "paraffin group" refers to a group formed after the loss of one hydrogen of paraffin, such as a methyl group formed after the loss of one hydrogen of methane. The term "paraffin" refers to a paraffin formed by connecting carbon atoms by single carbon-carbon bonds and not forming a ring, and by connecting other valence bonds with hydrogen, including straight-chain paraffins and branched-chain paraffins.

[0044] In the present invention, the number of carbon atoms in the "paraffin group" may be 1 to 50, including 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and refers to a group formed after the loss of one hydrogen of a paraffin containing 1 to 50 carbon atoms (i.e., C1-C50 paraffin). Non-limiting examples of "C1-C50 paraffin" include methane, ethane, n-propane, isopropane, n-butane, isobutane, 2-ethylbutane, 3,3-dimethylbutane, n-pentane, isopentane, neopentane, 1-methylpentane, 3-methylpentane, 2-ethylpentane, 4-methyl-2-pentane, n-hexane, 1-methylhexane, 2-ethylhexane, 2-butylhexane, n-heptane, 1-methylheptane, 2,2-dimethylheptane, 2-ethylheptane, n-octane, n-nonane, and n-decane. In other words, non-limiting examples of "C1-C50 paraffinic group" include groups formed after the loss of one hydrogen of the above paraffins.

[0045] In the present invention, the "number of ring atoms" represents the number of atoms bonded to a ring, and when this ring is substituted with a substituent, the atoms contained in the substituent are not included in the ring atoms. The "number of ring atoms" described below is the same unless otherwise specified, for example, the number of ring atoms of a benzene ring is 6, the number of ring atoms of a naphthalene ring is 10, and the number of ring atoms of a thiophene is 5.

[0046] In the present invention, when the group is selected from "aromatic ring groups having 6 to 50 ring atoms substituted with paraffin", the site linking to other sites in the group molecule is located at the aromatic ring site, similarly, when the group is selected from "alicyclic alkyl groups having 6 to 50 ring atoms substituted with paraffin", the site linking to other sites in the group molecule is located at the alicyclic alkyl site, and when the group is selected from "paraffin groups having 1 to 50 carbon atoms substituted with an aromatic ring" and "paraffin groups having 1 to 50 carbon atoms substituted with an alicyclic alkane", the site linking to other sites in the group molecule is located at the paraffin site. In other cases, when the linking site is not specified in the group, it represents that a linkable site in the group is arbitrarily selected as the linking site.

[0047] In the present invention, a single bond connected to a substituent penetrates the corresponding ring, and the substituent can be linked to any selected position of the ring, for example, R in the following structural formula indicates that it is connected to any one of the substitutable sites of the benzene ring.

[0048] [ka]

[0049] In the present invention, "substituted or unsubstituted" indicates that the defined group may be substituted or unsubstituted.

[0050] As described in the background art, during film formation, the structural units of the perovskite material cannot avoid errors in the alignment process, which causes defects in the crystals in the formed light absorption layer, including bulk defects and interface defects, and further reduces the efficiency and stability of the perovskite solar cell.

[0051] In the prior art, the method of interface passivation is generally adopted to improve the efficiency and stability of battery devices, and generally a functional passivation layer is added to the surface of the perovskite layer or functional inhibitors are directly added into the perovskite material to suppress the occurrence of defects in the perovskite material. However, the engineers of the present application have summarized in the actual production research and development process and found that the prior art generally adopts ionic compounds containing five ring heterocycles to produce functional passivation films or directly adds functional inhibitors into the perovskite material, but the light conversion efficiency and stability of the produced solar cell can be finitely improved. After a large amount of creative experiments, the engineers of the present application have found that the ring structure of the ionic compound and the type and number of heteroatoms thereof have an important effect on the suppression and repair of defects in the perovskite material.

[0052] Therefore, through a large amount of creative experiments, the technicians of the present application have obtained ionic compounds that can further improve the stability of the perovskite material in the present application, and further improve the efficiency and stability of the solar energy cell.

[0053] In one embodiment of the present invention, there is provided an ionic compound, the structure of which is represented by any one of formulas (1) to (3).

[0054] [ka]

[0055] wherein X1 appears each time and is independently selected from H or a paraffin group having 1 to 50 carbon atoms; R1 and N are linked together to form an aliphatic heterocycle which is unsubstituted or substituted by paraffin, the aliphatic heterocycle having 7 to 50 ring atoms and containing only one N atom; and at least one X1 in formula (1) is not H; X2 is selected from a paraffin group having 1 to 50 carbon atoms; R2 and N are linked together to form an aromatic heterocycle which is unsubstituted or substituted by paraffin, the aromatic heterocycle having 7 to 50 ring atoms and containing only one N atom; X3 appears each time and is independently any one selected from H, an aromatic ring group having 6 to 50 ring atoms substituted with paraffin, an alicyclic alkyl group having 6 to 50 ring atoms substituted with paraffin, a paraffin group having 1 to 50 carbon atoms substituted with an aromatic ring, or a paraffin group having 1 to 50 carbon atoms substituted with an alicyclic alkane, and at least one X3 in formula (3) is not H, Y - is a fluorine-containing anion.

[0056] The above ionic compound contains only one N atom, forms a specific ring structure, and is organically bonded with paraffin. Here, the lone pair of electrons on the N atom can be coordinated with lead ions containing vacancies in the perovskite material, thereby reducing non-radiative complexes. The paraffin can combine with the free H formed in the perovskite material, preventing the free H and free iodine ions from forming acidic substances such as hydroiodic acid. At the same time, the aromatic heterocycle or alicyclic ring is organically bonded with paraffin, which makes the ionic compound have excellent hydrophobicity, and can effectively prevent water vapor in the environment from passing through crystal boundaries or other defect sites to enter the inside of the perovskite material and cause the decomposition of the perovskite material. This can improve the stability of the perovskite layer, reduce defects, and further improve the efficiency and stability of the solar energy cell.

[0057] In some embodiments, R1 and N are linked together to form an unsubstituted or paraffin-substituted aliphatic heterocycle, the aliphatic heterocycle having 7 to 20 ring atoms and containing only one N atom.

[0058] It should be noted that the above ranges are considered continuous and include the minimum and maximum values ​​of the ranges, and each value between such minimum and maximum values, including but not limited to the point values ​​in the examples. The number of ring atoms in the above "having 7 to 20 ring atoms" may be 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, or 20.

[0059] In some embodiments, R1 and N are linked together to form an aliphatic heterocycle that is unsubstituted or substituted with a C1-C20 paraffin, and the aliphatic heterocycle has 7-10 ring atoms and contains only one N atom.

[0060] In some embodiments, R1 and N are linked together to form an aliphatic heterocycle that is unsubstituted or substituted with a C1-C10 linear paraffin, and the aliphatic heterocycle has 7 to 10 ring atoms and contains only one N atom.

[0061] In some embodiments, R2 and N are linked together to form a fused aromatic heterocycle which is unsubstituted or substituted with paraffin, and the fused aromatic heterocycle has 8 to 20 ring atoms and contains only one N atom.

[0062] In some embodiments, R2 and N are linked together to form a fused aromatic heterocycle which is unsubstituted or substituted with linear paraffin, and the fused aromatic heterocycle has 8 to 20 ring atoms and contains only one N atom.

[0063] In some embodiments, R2 and N are linked together to form a fused aromatic heterocycle which is unsubstituted or substituted with a C1-C20 linear paraffin, and the fused aromatic heterocycle has 8-15 ring atoms and contains only one N atom.

[0064] In some embodiments, R2 and N are linked together to form a fused aromatic heterocycle which is unsubstituted or substituted with a C1-C10 linear paraffin, and the fused aromatic heterocycle has 10-15 ring atoms and contains only one N atom.

[0065] In some embodiments thereof, X3 appears each time and is independently one selected from the group consisting of H, an aromatic ring group having 6 to 20 ring atoms substituted with linear paraffin, an alicyclic alkyl group having 6 to 20 ring atoms substituted with linear paraffin, a linear paraffin group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms substituted with an aromatic ring, and a linear paraffin group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms substituted with an alicyclic alkane, and at least one X3 in formula (3) is not H.

[0066] In some embodiments thereof, X3 appears each time and is independently one selected from the group consisting of H, an aromatic ring group having 6 to 20 ring atoms substituted with linear paraffin, an alicyclic alkyl group having 6 to 20 ring atoms substituted with linear paraffin, a linear paraffin group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms substituted with an aromatic ring, and a linear paraffin group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms substituted with an alicyclic alkane, and at least one X3 in formula (3) is not H.

[0067] In some embodiments thereof, X3 appears each time and is independently one selected from H, an aromatic ring group having 6 to 10 ring atoms substituted with a C1 to C20 linear paraffin, an alicyclic alkyl group having 6 to 10 ring atoms substituted with a C1 to C20 linear paraffin, a linear paraffin group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms substituted with an aromatic ring having 6 to 20 ring atoms, or a linear paraffin group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms substituted with an alicyclic alkane having 6 to 20 ring atoms, and at least one X3 in formula (3) is not H.

[0068] In some embodiments thereof, X3 appears each time and is independently any one selected from H, an aromatic ring group having 6 to 10 ring atoms substituted with a C1 to C10 linear paraffin, a saturated alicyclic alkyl group having 6 to 10 ring atoms substituted with a C1 to C10 linear paraffin, a linear paraffin group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms substituted with an aromatic ring having 6 to 10 ring atoms, or a linear paraffin group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms substituted with a saturated alicyclic alkane having 6 to 10 ring atoms, and at least one X3 in formula (3) is not H.

[0069] Non-limiting examples of such alicyclic alkanes include cyclohexane and cyclooctane.

[0070] In some of these embodiments, the structure of formula (3) is shown as follows:

[0071] [ka]

[0072] X3 is any one selected from an aromatic ring group having 6 to 20 ring atoms substituted with linear paraffin, and an alicyclic alkyl group having 6 to 20 ring atoms substituted with linear paraffin.

[0073] In some of these embodiments, X3 is any one selected from an aromatic ring group having 6 to 20 ring atoms substituted with a C1 to C20 linear paraffin, or an alicyclic alkyl group having 6 to 20 ring atoms substituted with a C1 to C20 linear paraffin.

[0074] In some of these embodiments, X3 is any one selected from an aromatic ring group having 6 to 10 ring atoms substituted with a C1-C10 linear paraffin, or an alicyclic alkyl group having 6 to 10 ring atoms substituted with a C1-C10 linear paraffin.

[0075] In some of the embodiments, the structure of the ionic compound is shown in Formulae (B)-(E).

[0076] [ka]

[0077] wherein X4 occurs at each occurrence and is independently selected from CR3 and R4; X5 occurs at each occurrence and is independently selected from CR5; R3 to R5 appear each time and are any one independently selected from H or a chain alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, and at least one R3 or at least one R4 in formula (B) is selected from a chain alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, and at least one R5 in formula (C) and formula (D) is selected from a chain alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms.

[0078] In some embodiments thereof, R3 to R5 appear each time and are each independently one selected from H or a chain alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and at least one R3 or at least one R4 in formula (B) is selected from a chain alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and at least one R5 in formula (C) and formula (D) is selected from a chain alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.

[0079] In some embodiments, R3 to R5 appear each time and are each independently selected from H or a linear alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and at least one R3 or at least one R4 in formula (B) is selected from a linear alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and at least one R5 in formula (D) and formula (E) is selected from a linear alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.

[0080] R3 to R5 appear each time and are each independently one selected from H or a linear alkyl group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms, and at least one R3 or at least one R4 in formula (B) is selected from a linear alkyl group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms, and at least one R5 in formula (C) and formula (D) is selected from a linear alkyl group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms.

[0081] In some embodiments, R3 to R5 appear each time and are each independently selected from H or a linear alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and at least one R3 or at least one R4 in formula (B) is selected from a linear alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and at least one R5 in formula (C) and formula (D) is selected from a linear alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.

[0082] In some embodiments, Y - is selected from a fluorine-containing borate ion or a fluorine-containing phosphate ion.

[0083] As an explanation, "Y - The symbol " - " represents the formation of a negative valence, but does not limit the specific valence value. In this application, "Y - There is no special requirement for the specific valence value of Y in the above ionic compounds. - The algebraic sum of the valences of the cation moiety contained therein may be 0.

[0084] In one embodiment, Y - is selected from tetrafluoroborate or hexafluorophosphate.

[0085] The steps for producing the ionic compound include the following step S100.

[0086] In step S100, any one of the compounds (T1) to (T3) is added to Y - The ionic compound is obtained by reacting the ionic compound with a salt containing the ionic compound.

[0087] [ka]

[0088] Here, K - represents a halogen ion. Br - , Cl - , I - Including, but not limited to,

[0089] In some embodiments, Y - The salt containing Y - The metal cation may be a metal salt containing K + , Na + , Li + Including, but not limited to, the following:

[0090] In some of the embodiments, the reaction in step S100 is carried out in an alcohol solvent, which includes, but is not limited to, one or more of methanol, ethanol, and propanol.

[0091] In some of the Examples, the reaction in step S100 is carried out at 60° C. for 12 hours. Furthermore, the method for producing any one of the compounds (T1) to (T3) is described using (T2) as an example, and specifically includes step S110.

[0092] In step S110, the compound (T2-1) is reacted with the compound (T2-2) to obtain (T2).

[0093] [ka]

[0094] Here, R2 and X2 have the same meanings as above, and K - represents a halogen radical, including but not limited to Br, Cl, and I.

[0095] The reaction mechanism of the reaction in step S110 is described in the Menshutkin reaction.

[0096] In some of the embodiments, the reaction in step S110 is carried out in an alcohol solvent, which includes, but is not limited to, one or more of methanol, ethanol, and propanol.

[0097] (T1) and (T3) may be prepared with reference to the above synthesis scheme. One embodiment of the present application provides the above ionic compound for application as an ionic liquid.

[0098] The ionic compounds of the present application can stably exist in liquid form, and when they form ionic liquids and are used to manufacture solar energy cells, they can improve the stability of perovskite materials, and further improve the efficiency and stability of solar energy cells.

[0099] One embodiment of the present application provides an application of an ionic compound represented by any one of formulas (3) to (5) in the manufacture of a perovskite material.

[0100] [ka]

[0101] wherein X1 appears each time and is independently selected from H or a paraffin group having 1 to 50 carbon atoms; R7 and N are linked together to form an aliphatic heterocycle which is unsubstituted or substituted by paraffin, the aliphatic heterocycle having 6 to 50 ring atoms and containing only one N atom; and at least one X1 in formula (1) is not H; X2 is selected from a paraffin group having 1 to 50 carbon atoms; R6 and N are linked together to form an aromatic heterocycle which is unsubstituted or substituted by paraffin, and the aromatic heterocycle has 6 to 50 ring atoms and contains only one N atom; X3 appears each time and is independently any one selected from H, an aromatic ring group having 6 to 50 ring atoms substituted with paraffin, an alicyclic alkyl group having 6 to 50 ring atoms substituted with paraffin, a paraffin group having 1 to 50 carbon atoms substituted with an aromatic ring, or a paraffin group having 1 to 50 carbon atoms substituted with an alicyclic alkane, and at least one X3 in formula (3) is not H, Y - is a fluorine-containing anion.

[0102] The meanings of formulas (1) and (3) are the same as above.

[0103] In some embodiments thereof, in formula (4), X2 is selected from a paraffin group having 1 to 25 carbon atoms, and R6 and N are linked together to form an unsubstituted or paraffin-substituted aromatic heterocycle having 6 to 25 ring atoms and containing only one N atom.

[0104] In some embodiments thereof, in formula (4), X2 is selected from a linear paraffin group having 1 to 25 carbon atoms, and R6 and N are linked together to form an unsubstituted or paraffin-substituted aromatic heterocycle, the aromatic heterocycle having 6 to 20 ring atoms and containing only one N atom.

[0105] In some embodiments thereof, in formula (4), X2 is selected from a linear paraffin group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and R6 and N are linked together to form an unsubstituted or paraffin-substituted aromatic heterocycle, the aromatic heterocycle having 6 to 15 ring atoms and containing only one N atom.

[0106] In some embodiments, R7 and N are linked together to form an unsubstituted or paraffin-substituted aliphatic heterocycle, the aliphatic heterocycle having 6 to 20 ring atoms and containing only one N atom.

[0107] It should be noted that the above ranges are considered continuous and include the minimum and maximum values ​​of the ranges, and each value between such minimum and maximum values, including but not limited to the point values ​​in the examples. The number of ring atoms in the above "having 6 to 20 ring atoms" may be 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, or 20.

[0108] In some embodiments, R7 and N are linked together to form an aliphatic heterocycle that is unsubstituted or substituted with a C1-C20 paraffin, and the aliphatic heterocycle has 6-10 ring atoms and contains only one N atom.

[0109] In some of the embodiments, R7 and N are linked together to form an aliphatic heterocycle that is unsubstituted or substituted with C1-C10 linear paraffin, and the aliphatic heterocycle has 6 to 10 ring atoms and contains only one N atom. In some of the embodiments, the structures of the ionic compounds represented by formulae (3) to (5) are represented by formulae (A) to (F).

[0110] [ka]

[0111] Here, X4, X5 and R3 to R5 have the same meanings as above.

[0112] In some of the examples, the structure of the ionic compound represented by formula (3) to formula (5) is represented by any one of formulas (a) to (f),

[0113] [ka]

[0114] The meanings of R4 and R5 are the same as above, and at least one R4 in formula (a) is selected from chain alkyl groups having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, and at least one R5 in formula (C) and formula (D) is selected from chain alkyl groups having 1 to 30 carbon atoms.

[0115] An embodiment of the present invention further provides a perovskite precursor solution, the components of which include at least one of the ionic compounds shown in formulas (3) to (5) and a perovskite precursor.

[0116] [ka]

[0117] wherein X1 appears each time and is independently selected from H or a paraffin group having 1 to 50 carbon atoms; R7 and N are linked together to form an aliphatic heterocycle which is unsubstituted or substituted by paraffin, the aliphatic heterocycle having 6 to 50 ring atoms and containing only one N atom; and at least one X1 in formula (1) is not H; X2 is selected from a paraffin group having 1 to 50 carbon atoms; R6 and N are linked together to form an aromatic heterocycle which is unsubstituted or substituted by paraffin, and the aromatic heterocycle has 6 to 50 ring atoms and contains only one N atom; X3 appears each time and is independently any one selected from H, an aromatic ring group having 6 to 50 ring atoms substituted with paraffin, an alicyclic alkyl group having 6 to 50 ring atoms substituted with paraffin, a paraffin group having 1 to 50 carbon atoms substituted with an aromatic ring, or a paraffin group having 1 to 50 carbon atoms substituted with an alicyclic alkane, and at least one X3 in formula (3) is not H, Y - is a fluorine-containing anion.

[0118] The structures of the ionic compounds represented by formulas (3) to (5) are the same as above.

[0119] The above-mentioned perovskite precursor may be a perovskite precursor for producing a perovskite compound commonly used in the art. For example, the molecular formula of the perovskite compound is ABX3, where A is a monovalent cation, including one or more cations of lithium Li, sodium Na, potassium K, cesium Cs, rubidium Rb, amine group or amidine group; B is a divalent cation, including one or more cations of lead Pb, tin Sn, tungsten W, selenium Se, rhodium Rh, germanium Ge, arsenic As, indium In, antimony Sb; X is a monovalent anion, including one or more anions of iodine I, bromine Br, and chlorine Cl; , the component loading ratios of A, B, and X in the perovskite precursor satisfy ABX3 and specifically include a halide of A and a halide of B, the halide of A including one or more of an iodide of A, a bromide of A, or a chloride of A, and the halide of B including one or more of an iodide of B, a bromide of B, or a chloride of B, such as at least one of lead iodide, formamidinium iodide, cesium iodide, lead bromide, formamidinium bromide, cesium bromide, lead chloride, formamidine hydrochloride, and cesium chloride.

[0120] In some of the embodiments, the composition ratio of the perovskite precursor is based on the formula FA(1-x) Cs x Pb(I 1-y Br y )3 and 0 <x<1、0≦y≦1である。

[0121] In some of the embodiments, the perovskite precursor solution further comprises a solvent, and the concentration of the perovskite precursor solution is 0.8 mol / L to 1.5 mol / L.

[0122] Furthermore, the solvent is an organic solvent and may be one or more selected from DMF (N,N-dimethylacetamide), DMSO (dimethylsulfoxide), and NMP (1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone).

[0123] An embodiment of the present application further provides a perovskite material, the components of which include at least one of the ionic compounds shown in formulas (3) to (5) and a perovskite compound.

[0124] [ka]

[0125] wherein X1 appears each time and is independently selected from H or a paraffin group having 1 to 50 carbon atoms; R7 and N are linked together to form an aliphatic heterocycle which is unsubstituted or substituted by paraffin, the aliphatic heterocycle having 6 to 50 ring atoms and containing only one N atom; and at least one X1 in formula (1) is not H; X2 is selected from a paraffin group having 1 to 50 carbon atoms; R6 and N are linked together to form an aromatic heterocycle which is unsubstituted or substituted by paraffin, and the aromatic heterocycle has 6 to 50 ring atoms and contains only one N atom; X3 appears each time and is independently any one selected from H, an aromatic ring group having 6 to 50 ring atoms substituted with paraffin, an alicyclic alkyl group having 6 to 50 ring atoms substituted with paraffin, a paraffin group having 1 to 50 carbon atoms substituted with an aromatic ring, or a paraffin group having 1 to 50 carbon atoms substituted with an alicyclic alkane, and at least one X3 in formula (3) is not H, Y - is a fluorine-containing anion.

[0126] The perovskite compound may be any perovskite compound commonly used in the art.

[0127] In some embodiments thereof, the molecular formula of the perovskite compound is ABX3, where A is a monovalent cation including one or more of lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K), cesium (Cs), rubidium (Rb), amine groups, or amidine groups; B is a divalent cation including one or more of lead (Pb), tin (Sn), tungsten (W), selenium (Se), rhodium (Rh), germanium (Ge), arsenic (As), indium (In), or antimony (Sb); and X is a monovalent anion including one or more of iodine (I), bromine (Br), or chlorine (Cl).

[0128] In some of the embodiments, the perovskite compound contains Pb element, and the ratio of the amount of the ionic compound to the amount of the lead element substance in the perovskite compound is (1-10):100.

[0129] An embodiment of the present application further provides a method for producing the above perovskite material, which includes the following steps S10 to S20.

[0130] Step S10, the perovskite precursor, the ionic compound and the solvent are mixed to obtain a perovskite precursor solution.

[0131] Step S20: annealing the perovskite precursor solution to obtain a perovskite material.

[0132] In some of the embodiments, the concentration of the perovskite precursor solution is 0.8 mol / L to 1.5 mol / L.

[0133] In some embodiments, the solvent is an organic solvent, and may be one or more selected from DMF (N,N-dimethylacetamide), DMSO (dimethylsulfoxide), and NMP (1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone).

[0134] In some embodiments, the annealing temperature is 70° C. to 200° C., and the annealing time is 3 minutes to 60 minutes.

[0135] In some of these embodiments, the perovskite material is in a film form, and step S20 further comprises coating the perovskite precursor solution onto a substrate during an annealing process.

[0136] In some embodiments, the coating step may adopt a spin coating method, a knife coating method, a slit coating method, etc.

[0137] One embodiment of the present invention provides a solar energy cell, the solar energy cell comprising the perovskite material described above.

[0138] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a solar energy cell 10 according to one embodiment of the present application. Referring to Figure 1, the solar energy cell 10 includes a first electrode 11, an electron transport layer 12, a perovskite layer 13, a hole transport layer 14, and a second electrode 15, which are stacked in this order. The components of the perovskite layer 13 include the perovskite materials described above.

[0139] In some of the embodiments, the perovskite layer 13 has a thickness of 300 nm to 600 nm.

[0140] In some of the embodiments, the first electrode 11 is a transparent conductive electrode, and the material of the first electrode 11 may be FTO, ITO, AZO, BZO, IZO, or a composite conductive film. The composite conductive film includes a transparent polymer substrate and a transparent inorganic conductive film which are stacked together. The material of the transparent inorganic conductive film may be FTO, ITO, AZO, BZO, or IZO, and the material of the transparent polymer substrate may be PET (polyethylene terephthalate), PI (polyimide), etc.

[0141] The components of electron-transmitting layer 12 may be any electron-transmitting material commonly used in the art, including, but not limited to, one or more of TiO2, SnO2, ZnO, and [6,6]-phenyl-C61-isobutylbutyrate (PCBM).

[0142] The components of the hole transport layer 14 may be hole transport materials commonly used in the art, including, but not limited to, one or more of 2,2′,7,7′-tetrakis[N,N-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)amino]-9,9′-spirobifluorene (Spiro-OMeTAD), polytriarylamine (PTAA), NiOx, poly-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene, polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS), and WO3.

[0143] In some of these embodiments, the composition of second electrode 15 includes one or more of Au, Ag, Cu, Al, Ni, Cr, Bi, Pt, Mg, MoO3, ITO, FTO, and AZO.

[0144] Specifically, the manufacturing steps of the solar cell 10 include forming an electron transport layer 12, a perovskite layer 13, a hole transport layer 14 and a second electrode 15 on the surface of a first electrode 11 in sequence.

[0145] An embodiment of the present invention further provides a power consuming device, which includes the solar energy cell described above.

[0146] The solar cell has high light conversion efficiency and good stability, and can improve the efficiency and service life of power consuming devices.

[0147] In some of these embodiments, the solar cell may be used as a power source for a power consuming device, or as an energy storage unit for the power consuming device.

[0148] Furthermore, the power consuming devices may include, but are not limited to, mobile devices such as mobile phones, laptops, etc., electric vehicles, electric trains, ships and satellites, energy storage systems, etc.

[0149] An example power consuming device 20 is shown in Figure 2. The power consuming device 20 may be a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid electric vehicle, or a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle.

[0150] Other example power consuming devices may be mobile phones, tablet computers, laptops, etc.

[0151] The following is a specific example.

[0152] [Example 1] (1) There is provided a compound (1), N-octyl-4-methylquinolinium tetrafluoroborate, as follows:

[0153] [ka]

[0154] The specific manufacturing process is as follows.

[0155] 5.73g (1mol) 4-methylquinoline (CAS: 491-35-0), 8.5g (1.1mol) bromooctane (CAS: 111-83-1) and 40mL methanol were added into a 250mL three-neck round-bottom flask and reacted at 70℃ for 6h. The reaction mixture was poured into a 250mL rotary evaporator flask and distilled under reduced pressure for 1h to obtain the crude product, which was then placed in a vacuum drying box at 110℃ for 12h to obtain the intermediate N-octyl-4-methylquinolinium bromide salt.

[0156] 18.4g (1 mol) KPF6 (CAS: 17084-13-8), 26.9g (0.8 mol) intermediate N-octyl-4-methylquinolinium bromide salt and 100mL methanol were added to a 250mL three-neck flask, stirred at 60℃ and reacted for 12h, the mixture was transferred to a separatory funnel, washed with methanol five times, and further added anhydrous magnesium sulfate to remove water, filtered by suction to collect the filtrate, removed the methanol with a rotary evaporator, and dried in a vacuum drying box at 110℃ for 12h to obtain compound (1).

[0157] A nuclear magnetic hydrogen spectrum test was carried out on compound (1), and the nuclear magnetic hydrogen spectrum data is as follows:

[0158] 1H NMR: δ 0.87 (3H, t, J = 7.0 Hz), 1.17-1.39 (10H, 1.23 (tt, J = 6.9, 6.5 Hz), 1.24 (tt, J = 7.0, 6.9 Hz), 1.25 (tt, J = 7.0, 6.5 Hz), 1.28 (h, J = 7.0 Hz), 1.32 (tt, J = 7.0, 6.8 Hz)), 1.90 (2H, tt, J = 7.6, 6.8 Hz), 2.58 (3H, s), 4.54 (2H, t, J = 7.6 Hz), 7.48-7.64 (2H, 7.54 (td, J = 8.5, 1.7 Hz), 7.57 (ddd, J = 8.5, 3.9, 1.5 Hz)), 7.74 (1H, dd, J = 5.4, 0.4 Hz), 7.98 (1H, ddt, J = 3.9, 1.7, 0.5 Hz), 8.91-9.10 (2H, 8.97 (dd, J = 5.4, ​​0.5 Hz), 9.04 (ddt, J = 8.4, 1.5, 0.4 Hz)).

[0159] (2) Regarding the manufacturing of solar energy batteries, the specific steps are as follows:

[0160] Step 1: Take an FTO conductive glass with a size of 2cm x 2cm, leave an insulating area after laser etching, and ultrasonicate it with deionized water, dishwashing detergent, ethanol, isopropanol, acetone, ethanol, deionized water in sequence for 20min, and then blow dry it with N2 to prepare it.

[0161] Step 2: Spin-coat the SnO2 precursor solution onto the clean FTO substrate at 3000 rpm, anneal at 150°C for 15 min to form the SnO2 substrate, and then cool naturally.

[0162] Step 3: FA with a concentration of 1.25M 0.85 Cs 0.15 Pb(I 0.9 Br 0.13) Add compound (1) into the perovskite precursor solution, and the molar ratio of compound (1) to Pb is 1%, to form a perovskite precursor solution, which is sealed and ready for use.

[0163] Step 4: After 15 minutes of UV-ozone treatment, the SnO2 substrate surface is cleaned, and the perovskite precursor solution containing ionic liquid is taken and spin-coated at a rotation speed of 4000 rpm for 20 seconds, vacuumed for 30 seconds, and then annealed on a hot stage at 120°C for 45 minutes. After natural cooling, a perovskite light-absorbing layer with a thickness of 500 nm is obtained.

[0164] Step 5: The Spiro-OMeTAD solution was spin-coated on the perovskite light-absorbing layer at a rotation speed of 3000 rpm to form a hole-transporting layer with a thickness of 200 nm.

[0165] Step 6, adopt thermal evaporation method to deposit Ag electrode on the hole transport layer using a mask plate with a pattern to obtain a perovskite solar energy cell, denoted as A1.

[0166] (3) The performance of the manufactured solar energy battery was tested. The specific steps are as follows:

[0167] Standard simulated sunlight (AM1.5G, 100mW / cm 2 ) and a photoelectric conversion efficiency test was performed on the manufactured solar energy cell (i.e., the resting time was 0 h). The test results are shown in Table 1. Furthermore, the solar energy cell was placed at room temperature of 25°C and left to stand for 200 h in an environment with a humidity of 85%, and then the JV test was performed again to verify its stability. The specific results are shown in Table 1.

[0168] In Table 1, VOC is the open circuit voltage, JSC is the short circuit current, FF is the fill factor, and PCE is the energy conversion efficiency.

[0169] [Example 2] Example 2 is the same as Example 1, and is distinguished by replacing compound (1) in Example 1 with an equivalent mole number of compound (2). The structure of compound (2) is shown below.

[0170] [ka]

[0171] The preparation of compound (2) is similar to the preparation of compound (1) in Example 1, except that 4-methylquinoline is replaced with an equal mole of 1-methylisoindole (CAS: 72590-71-7), bromooctane is replaced with an equal mole of bromobutane (CAS: 105-65-9), and KPF6 is replaced with an equal mole of NaBF4.

[0172] A nuclear magnetic test was carried out on the obtained compound (2). The nuclear magnetic hydrogen spectrum data is as follows:

[0173] 1H NMR: δ 0.89 (3H, t, J = 7.1 Hz), 1.39 (2H, qt, J = 7.1, 7.0 Hz), 1.83 (2H, tt, J = 7.5, 7.0 Hz), 2.58 (3H, s), 3.60 (2H, t, J = 7.5 Hz), 4.96 (2H, d, J = 14.4 Hz), 7.34 (1H, dd, J = 8.4, 1.5 Hz), 7.77 (1H, t, J = 8.4 Hz), 8.74-8.93 (2H, 8.79 (s), 8.87 (dd, J = 8.4, 1.5 Hz)).

[0174] The solar cell manufactured is designated as A2, and the specific results are shown in Table 1.

[0175] [Example 3] Example 3 is the same as Example 1, and is distinguished by replacing compound (1) in Example 1 with an equivalent mole number of compound (3). The structure of compound (3) is shown below.

[0176] [ka]

[0177] The preparation of compound (3) is similar to the preparation of compound (1) in Example 1, except that 4-methylquinoline is replaced with an equal mole of N-butylhexamethyleneimine (CAS: 15753-35-2), bromooctane is replaced with an equal mole of methyl bromide (CAS: 74-83-9), and KPF6 is replaced with an equal mole of NaBF4.

[0178] The nuclear magnetic test was carried out on the target product compound (3). The nuclear magnetic hydrogen spectrum data is as follows:

[0179] 1H NMR: δ 0.89 (3H, t, J = 6.5 Hz), 1.35 (2H, tq, J = 6.6, 6.5 Hz), 1.43-1.65 (4H, 1.51 (ddddd, J = 15.2, 4.7, 4.5, 2.3, 1.6 Hz), 1.55 (ddddd, J = 15.2, 9.7, 8.8, 2.3, 1.6 Hz)), 1.81-2.07 (6H, 1.88 (tt, J = 7.7, 6.6 Hz), 1.94 (ddddd, J = 13.5, 8.8, 6.8, 5.4, 2.3 Hz), 1.98 (ddddd, J = 13.5, 5.2, 4.7, 2.3, 1.5 Hz)), 2.97 (3H, s), 3.10 (2H, t, J = 7.7 Hz), 3.18-3.39 (4H, 3.26 (ddd, J = 13.2, 5.4, 5.2 Hz), 3.31 (ddd, J = 13.2, 6.8, 1.5 Hz)).

[0180] The solar cell manufactured is designated as A3, and the specific results are shown in Table 1.

[0181] [Example 4] Example 4 is the same as Example 1, and is distinguished by replacing compound (1) in Example 1 with an equivalent mole number of compound (4) (CAS: 343952-33-0). The structure is shown as follows:

[0182] [ka]

[0183] The solar cell manufactured is designated as A4, and the specific results are shown in Table 1.

[0184] [Example 5] Example 5 is the same as Example 1, and is distinguished by replacing compound (1) in Example 1 with an equivalent mole number of compound (5) (CAS: 886439-34-5). The structure of compound (5) is shown below.

[0185] [ka]

[0186] The solar cell manufactured is designated as A5, and the specific results are shown in Table 1.

[0187] [Example 6] Example 6 is the same as Example 1, and is distinguished by replacing compound (1) in Example 1 with an equivalent mole number of compound (6). The structure of compound (6) is shown below.

[0188] [ka]

[0189] The preparation of compound (6) is similar to the preparation of compound (1) in Example 1, except that 4-methylquinoline is replaced with an equal mole of 3,5-dimethylaniline (CAS: 108-69-0) and bromooctane is replaced with an equal mole of hydrochloric acid (CAS: 7647-01-0).

[0190] The target product compound (6) was subjected to a nuclear magnetic test. The nuclear magnetic hydrogen spectrum data is as follows:

[0191] 1H NMR: δ 2.27 (6H, s), 6.47 (2H, dd, J = 2.7, 2.3 Hz), 6.73 (1H, t, J = 2.7 Hz).

[0192] Of note, the free hydrogen on the amino group in compound (6) was not visible in the nuclear magnetic resonance images.

[0193] The solar cell manufactured is designated as A6, and the specific results are shown in Table 1.

[0194] [Example 7] Example 7 is the same as Example 1, and is distinguished by replacing compound (1) in Example 1 with an equivalent mole number of compound (7). The structure of compound (7) is shown below.

[0195] [ka]

[0196] The preparation of compound (7) is performed by referring to the preparation of compound (1) in Example 1, with the difference being that 4-methylquinoline is replaced by an equal mole of 4-methylbenzenepropylamine (CAS: 54930-39-1), bromooctane is replaced by an equal mole of hydrochloric acid (CAS: 7647-01-0), and KPF6 is replaced by an equal mole of NaBF4.

[0197] The target product compound (7) was subjected to a nuclear magnetic test, and the data are as follows:

[0198] 1H NMR: δ 1.63 (2H, tt, J = 7.5, 7.3 Hz), 2.24 (3H, s), 2.51-2.70 (4H, 2.57 (t, J = 7.5 Hz), 2.64 (t, J = 7.3 Hz)), 7.04 (2H, ddd, J = 8.0, 1.4, 0.5 Hz), 7.19 (2H, ddd, J = 8.0, 1.3, 0.5 Hz).

[0199] Of note, the free hydrogen on the amino group in compound (7) was not visible in the nuclear magnetic resonance images.

[0200] The solar cell manufactured is designated as A7, and the specific results are shown in Table 1.

[0201] [Example 8] Example 8 is the same as Example 1, and is distinguished by replacing compound (1) in Example 1 with an equivalent mole number of compound (8). The structure of compound (8) is shown below.

[0202] [ka]

[0203] The preparation of compound (8) is similar to the preparation of compound (1) in Example 1, except that 4-methylquinoline is replaced with an equal mole of 2-aminoanthracene (CAS: 613-13-8), bromooctane is replaced with an equal mole of hydrochloric acid (CAS: 7647-01-0), and KPF6 is replaced with an equal mole of NaBF4.

[0204] The target product was subjected to a nuclear magnetic test, and the data are as follows:

[0205] 1H NMR: δ 6.87 (1H, ddd, J = 8.9, 1.9, 0.5 Hz), 7.37-7.58 (3H, 7.44 (dddd, J = 8.0, 7.5, 1.2, 0.5 Hz), 7.47 (dddd, J = 7.9, 7.5, 1.2, 0.5 Hz), 7.51 (ddt, J = 8.9, 1.6, 0.4 Hz)), 7.73-7.90 (3H, 7.79 (dddt, J = 7.9, 2.6, 1.2, 0.5 Hz), 7.83 (dddt, J = 8.0, 1.5, 1.2, 0.5 Hz), 7.84 (tt, J = 1.9, 0.4 Hz)), 8.17 (1H, ddquint, J = 2.6, 1.9, 0.5 Hz), 8.37 (1H, ddh, J = 1.6, 1.5, 0.5 Hz).

[0206] Of note, the free hydrogen on the amino group in compound (8) was not visible in the nuclear magnetic resonance images.

[0207] The solar cell manufactured is designated as A8, and the specific results are shown in Table 1.

[0208] [Example 9] Example 9 is the same as Example 1, and is distinguished by replacing compound (1) in Example 1 with an equivalent mole number of compound (9). The structure of compound (9) is shown below.

[0209] [ka]

[0210] The preparation of compound (9) is similar to the preparation of compound (1) in Example 1, except that 4-methylquinoline is replaced with an equal mole of (1-methylcyclohexyl)methylamine (CAS: 3913-98-2) and bromooctane is replaced with an equal mole of hydrochloric acid (CAS: 7647-01-0).

[0211] The target product was subjected to a nuclear magnetic test, and the data are as follows:

[0212] 1H NMR: δ 1.01 (3H, s), 1.15-1.44 (10H, 1.23 (dt, J = 12.8, 6.5 Hz), 1.29 (dtt, J = 11.8, 10.3, 2.8 Hz), 1.31 (dquint, J = 11.8, 2.8 Hz), 1.37 (dtt, J = 11.3, 6.5, 2.8 Hz), 1.37 (dtt, J = 11.3, 6.5, 2.8 Hz), 1.36 (dt, J = 12.8, 2.8 Hz)), 2.60 (2H, s).

[0213] Of note, the free hydrogen on the amino group in compound (9) was not visible in the nuclear magnetic resonance images.

[0214] The solar cell manufactured is designated as A9, and the specific results are shown in Table 1.

[0215] [Comparative Example 1] Comparative Example 1 is the same as Example 1, except that the compound (1) in Example 1 is replaced with an equivalent molar number of the following compound, and the molar ratio of this compound to Pb in the perovskite precursor solution is 3%.

[0216] [ka]

[0217] The preparation of the above compound is the same as that of compound (1) in Example 1, except that 4-methylquinoline is replaced with an equal mole of 2-methylpyrrole (CAS: 636-41-9), bromooctane is replaced with an equal mole of bromobutane (CAS: 105-65-9), and KPF6 is replaced with an equal mole of NaBF4.

[0218] The target product was subjected to a nuclear magnetic test, and the data are as follows:

[0219] 1H NMR: δ 0.88 (3H, t, J = 6.6 Hz), 1.33 (2H, h, J = 6.6 Hz), 1.71 (2H, tt, J = 7.4, 6.6 Hz), 2.18 (3H, s), 3.66 (2H, t, J = 7.4 Hz), 5.93-6.07 (2H, 5.98 (dd, J = 3.2, 1.6 Hz), 6.01 (dd, J = 3.2, 3.0 Hz)), 6.98 (1H, dd, J = 3.0, 1.6 Hz).

[0220] The solar cell manufactured is designated as B1, and the specific results are shown in Table 1.

[0221] [Comparative Example 2] Comparative Example 2 is basically the same as Comparative Example 1, and is distinguished from Comparative Example 1 in that the molar ratio of the following compound to Pb in the perovskite precursor solution of Comparative Example 2 is 1%.

[0222] [ka]

[0223] The manufactured solar cell is designated as B2, and the specific results are shown in Table 1.

[0224] [Comparative Example 3] Comparative Example 3 is the same as Example 1, and is distinguished by replacing compound (1) in Example 1 with the following compound in an equivalent molar amount:

[0225] [ka]

[0226] The preparation of the above compound is the same as that of compound (1) in Example 1, except that 4-methylquinoline is replaced with an equal mole of 2-methylpyrazine (CAS: 109-08-0), bromooctane is replaced with an equal mole of bromobutane (CAS: 105-65-9), and KPF6 is replaced with an equal mole of NaBF4.

[0227] The target product was subjected to a nuclear magnetic test, and the data are as follows:

[0228] 1H NMR: δ 0.89 (3H, t, J = 7.1 Hz), 1.35 (2H, qt, J = 7.1, 7.0 Hz), 1.85 (2H, tt, J = 7.0, 6.8 Hz), 2.75 (3H, s), 4.35 (2H, t, J = 6.8 Hz), 8.41-8.67 (3H, 8.47 (dd, J = 6.9, 1.8 Hz), 8.54 (dd, J = 1.8, 0.5 Hz), 8.61 (dd, J = 6.9, 0.5 Hz)).

[0229] The manufactured solar cell is designated as B3, and the specific results are shown in Table 1.

[0230] [Comparative Example 4] Comparative Example 4 is the same as Example 1, and is distinguished by replacing compound (1) in Example 1 with the following compound in an equivalent molar amount:

[0231] [ka]

[0232] The preparation of the above compound is the same as that of compound (1) in Example 1, except that 4-methylquinoline is replaced with an equal mole of 4-mercaptopyridine (CAS: 4556-23-4), bromooctane is replaced with an equal mole of bromobutane (CAS: 105-65-9), and KPF6 is replaced with an equal mole of NaBF4.

[0233] The target product was subjected to a nuclear magnetic test, and the data are as follows:

[0234] 1H NMR: δ 0.89 (3H, t, J = 7.1 Hz), 1.35 (2H, qt, J = 7.1, 7.0 Hz), 1.80 (2H, tt, J = 7.4, 7.0 Hz), 4.37 (2H, t, J = 7.4 Hz), 7.79 (2H, ddd, J = 6.9, 1.9, 0.5 Hz), 8.66 (2H, ddd, J = 6.9, 1.7, 0.5 Hz).

[0235] The solar cell manufactured is designated as B4, and the specific results are shown in Table 1.

[0236] [Comparative Example 5] Comparative Example 5 is basically the same as Example 1, except that the ionic compound (1) is not added to the perovskite precursor solution in Comparative Example 5. The other steps, i.e., conditions, are the same as those in Example 1.

[0237] The manufactured solar cell is designated as B5, and the specific results are shown in Table 1.

[0238] The test results for each of the examples and comparative examples are shown in Table 1 below.

[0239] [Table 1]

[0240] As can be seen from the results in Table 1, when the ionic compounds of the present application are used to prepare a perovskite layer, the stability of the perovskite layer can be improved, the defects can be reduced, and the efficiency and stability of the solar cell can be improved.

[0241] Finally, it should be explained that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present application, and are not intended to limit it. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the above embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some or all of the technical features therein, and these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solution to depart from the scope of the technical solution of the embodiments of the present application, and all of them should be included in the scope of the claims and the specification of the present application. In particular, as long as there is no structural conflict, all of the technical features mentioned in each embodiment may be combined in any manner. The present application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed in the specification, but includes all technical solutions within the scope of the claims. [Explanation of symbols]

[0242] 10 solar cell, 11 first electrode, 12 electron transport layer, 13 perovskite layer, 14 hole transport layer, 15 second electrode, 20 power consumption device

Claims

1. An ionic compound, which is any one of the following compounds (1) to (4) and (6) to (9).

2. An ionic liquid using the ionic compound described in claim 1.

3. A perovskite material using the ionic compound described in claim 1.

4. A perovskite precursor solution, the components of which include at least one of the ionic compounds of claim 1 and a perovskite precursor, The perovskite precursor is a precursor for producing a perovskite compound, The molecular formula of the perovskite compound is ABX 3 ; where A is a monovalent cation, including lithium Li, sodium Na, potassium K, cesium Cs, rubidium Rb, one or more cations in an amine or amidine group; B is a divalent cation and includes one or more of the following cations: lead (Pb), tin (Sn), tungsten (W), selenium (Se), rhodium (Rh), germanium (Ge), arsenic (As), indium (In), and antimony (Sb); X is a monovalent anion, including one or more of the following anions: iodine (I), bromine (Br), and chlorine (Cl); Perovskite precursor solution.

5. The component blending ratios of A, B, and X in the perovskite precursor satisfy ABX 3 , Specifically including halides of A and halides of B, the halide of A comprises one or more of an iodide of A, or a bromide of A, or a chloride of A; The B halide includes one or more of B iodide, B bromide, or B chloride; 5. The perovskite precursor solution of claim 4.

6. A perovskite material, the components of which include at least one of the ionic compounds according to claim 1 and a perovskite compound, The molecular formula of the perovskite compound is ABX 3 ; where A is a monovalent cation, including lithium Li, sodium Na, potassium K, cesium Cs, rubidium Rb, one or more cations in an amine or amidine group; B is a divalent cation and includes one or more of the following cations: lead (Pb), tin (Sn), tungsten (W), selenium (Se), rhodium (Rh), germanium (Ge), arsenic (As), indium (In), and antimony (Sb); X is a monovalent anion, including one or more of the following anions: iodine (I), bromine (Br), and chlorine (Cl); Perovskite materials.

7. The component blending ratios of A, B, and X in the perovskite precursor satisfy ABX 3 , Specifically including halides of A and halides of B, the halide of A comprises one or more of an iodide of A, or a bromide of A, or a chloride of A; The B halide includes one or more of B iodide, B bromide, or B chloride; 7. The perovskite material of claim 6.

8. 8. The perovskite material according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the ratio of the amount of the ionic compound to the amount of the substance of elemental lead in the perovskite compound is (1-10):

100.

9. A method for producing the perovskite material according to claim 6 or 7, comprising the steps of: Mixing a perovskite precursor, an ionic compound and a solvent to obtain a perovskite precursor solution; and annealing the perovskite precursor solution at 70° C. to 200° C. for 3 min to 60 min to obtain the perovskite material. The perovskite precursor is a precursor for producing the perovskite compound. Manufacturing method.

10. 8. A solar energy cell comprising the perovskite material of claim 6 or 7.

11. 11. A power consuming device comprising a solar energy cell according to claim 10.

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