Building heat insulation structure

Abstract

To provide a heat insulating structure for a building which can be constructed without taking up much width, cools or insulates the entire building according to the outside temperature, and produces an energy saving effect. [Solution] A building heat shielding structure 1 is constructed on a building having a double exterior structure comprising a first ventilation layer 4 formed between an outer exterior material 2 and a building exterior material 3, and a high reflectance material 5 provided inside the first ventilation layer 4. A first air intake 6 is formed at the lower end of the outer exterior material 2 for taking in air into the first ventilation layer 4, a first exhaust port 7 is formed above a parapet wall 3A at the upper end of the building exterior material 3 and on the outdoor side of the building exterior material 3 for discharging air flowing through the first ventilation layer 4, a first opening / closing device 8 attached to the first exhaust port 7 and composed of a shape memory alloy unit 8A including a temperature sensor 8E, and a first opening / closing device protection member 9 for protecting the temperature sensor 8E provided exposed to the outside, and the amount of air discharged to the outside by the first opening / closing device 8 is adjusted.

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a heat insulating structure for a building that is constructed in a building with a double exterior structure and produces a significant energy saving effect by cooling or keeping the entire building warm depending on the outside temperature. [Background technology]

[0002] Energy conservation in buildings is achieved by applying heat insulating materials to the interior side of concrete (for example, Patent Document 1). Some buildings also have heat insulating paint on the exterior, and this heat insulating paint structure is also disclosed (for example, Patent Document 2).

[0003] The building described in Patent Document 1 was invented to improve the insulating effect in the exterior walls and efficiently achieve energy savings, and is equipped with plate-shaped exterior wall insulation placed on the side walls surrounding the interior space, plate-shaped floor insulation located at the bottom of the interior space, plate-shaped ceiling insulation located at the ceiling of the interior space, and a multi-layer ventilation panel that contacts the outer peripheral surface of the exterior wall insulation, surrounds the exterior wall insulation, and connects the underfloor space configured under the floor insulation to the attic space configured above the ceiling insulation. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0004] [Patent Document 1] Patent No. 7340307 [Patent Document 2] JP 2000-288466 A Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0005] Up until now, the basic approach to energy conservation in buildings has been to install insulation on the interior side of the concrete. Because buildings are tall and it is difficult to carry out construction work from the outside, and there was no way to install insulation from the outside, it was common to install insulation on the interior side of the concrete when it came to energy conservation and insulation. However, it is a well-known fact that concrete is a heat storage material and it is hot even at night in the summer. Furthermore, insulation is also a heat storage material, and when concrete and insulation are combined, the heat storage layer increases even further, making it very difficult to save energy in the summer. If insulation is to be used, it is important to increase the density, but it is still a heat storage material, and although it has the effect of slowing down the heat transfer rate, the energy saving effect is poor.

[0006] Some buildings are known to have heat-insulating paint on the exterior surface, and heat-insulating paint has the effect of reflecting radiant heat from the sun, and is used in many buildings. However, the reflectance of heat-insulating paint is not very high, so its effectiveness cannot be said to be high. To improve its performance, the paint film needs to be made thicker, but if the film thickness is made too thick, it may become more susceptible to cracking due to thermal contraction, and its function may be reduced.

[0007] In addition, many buildings are built in areas with high land prices, and some are built right up against the boundary line. While it may be possible to do so in new buildings, many existing buildings are built right up against the boundary line, making it fundamentally difficult to carry out insulation work on the outside of the building.

[0008] The present invention aims to provide a heat insulating structure for a building that can be constructed without taking up much space, cools or insulates the entire building depending on the outside air temperature, and creates an energy-saving effect. [Means for solving the problem]

[0009] The building heat shielding structure of the present invention is constructed in a building having a double exterior structure comprising an outer exterior material, a building exterior material constructed inside the outer exterior material, a first ventilation layer formed between the outer exterior material and the building exterior material, and a material with high reflectivity against radiant heat, such as aluminum foil, provided inside the first ventilation layer, and is characterized in that it comprises a first air intake section formed at the lower end of the outer exterior material for taking in air into the first ventilation layer, and a first exhaust section formed above the parapet wall at the upper end of the building exterior material and on the outdoor side of the building exterior material for discharging air flowing through the first ventilation layer to the outside, a first opening and closing device attached to the first exhaust section and composed of a shape memory alloy unit including a temperature sensor, and a first opening and closing device protective member for protecting the temperature sensor provided so as to be exposed to the outside more than the outer exterior material, and the air taken in from the first air intake section flows through the first ventilation layer, rises to the first exhaust section, and is discharged to the outside from the first exhaust section, and the amount of air discharged to the outside is adjusted by the first opening and closing device.

[0010] The building heat shielding structure of the present invention comprises a rooftop outer exterior material installed with a slope on the rooftop building exterior material that constitutes the roof, a second ventilation layer formed between the rooftop building exterior material and the rooftop outer exterior material, a material with high reflectivity against radiant heat such as aluminum foil provided inside the second ventilation layer, a second air intake section formed on the belowwater side of the rooftop outer exterior material, and a second exhaust section formed on the abovewater side of the rooftop outer exterior material and on the outdoor side of the outdoor exterior material, and is characterized in that it has a second opening and closing device attached to the second exhaust section and composed of a shape memory alloy unit, and a second opening and closing device protective member for protecting the second opening and closing device, and the air taken in from the second air intake section flows through the second ventilation layer and is discharged to the outside from the second exhaust section, and the amount of air discharged to the outside is adjusted by the second opening and closing device.

[0011] The building heat insulation structure of the present invention is characterized in that it has a mid-way exhaust section formed in the outer exterior material, and a third opening and closing device attached to the mid-way exhaust section and composed of a shape memory alloy unit, and the amount of air discharged to the outside from the mid-way exhaust section is adjusted by the third opening and closing device.

[0012] The building heat insulation structure according to the present invention is characterized in that an opening for attaching and detaching a third opening and closing device is formed in a part of the building exterior material or a part of the window.

[0013] The building heat insulation structure of the present invention is characterized by having a third opening and closing device attached to the mid-exhaust section, and a third opening and closing device protection member for protecting the third opening and closing device.

[0014] The building heat insulation structure of the present invention is characterized in that an air straightening plate that guides air to the mid-exhaust section is provided in the first ventilation layer. Effect of the Invention

[0015] The building heat shielding structure according to the present invention is formed above the parapet wall at the top end of the building exterior material and on the outdoor side of the building exterior material, and forms a first exhaust section for discharging air flowing through the first ventilation layer to the outside, so that it can be constructed without taking up much width. In addition, a first opening / closing device made of a shape memory alloy unit is attached to the first exhaust section, and the amount of air discharged to the outside is adjusted by the first opening / closing device, so that the entire building can be cooled or kept warm depending on the outside temperature, thereby producing a significant energy saving effect. Furthermore, the temperature sensing section of the first opening / closing device is exposed to the outside, and a first opening / closing device protective member is provided to protect this temperature sensing section from rain, wind, etc. By providing this first opening / closing device protective member, it is possible to prevent malfunction and deterioration of the first opening / closing device.

[0016] When the heat shielding structure for a building according to the present invention is installed in a low-rise building, all the air flowing through the first ventilation layer is exhausted to the outside through the first exhaust section installed near the top of the parapet wall on the roof. On the other hand, when it is installed in a high-rise building, it is divided into several blocks from the bottom, and an air intake and an exhaust port are installed in each block to exhaust heat. Therefore, the amount of air flowing through the first ventilation layer is roughly the same for each block, and even in a high-rise building, there is no need to increase the width of the ventilation layer, and the area and volume can be significantly reduced. Furthermore, even in a high-rise building, the third opening and closing device can be easily inspected and replaced from the indoor side, which not only saves energy but also significantly reduces maintenance costs, and can be used in both new and existing buildings.

[0017] By constructing the heat insulating structure of the present invention in a building, it is possible to enjoy a large energy saving effect, and it is very efficient as it requires no energy to operate. In addition, the opening and closing devices on each floor can be easily checked visually, making maintenance very easy. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0018] [Figure 1] 1A and 1B are diagrams for explaining a thermal insulation structure for a building according to an embodiment of the present invention, in which (a) is a cross-sectional view and (b) is a view of the thermal insulation structure for a building constructed on a rooftop from below water. [Diagram 2] FIG. 1 is an external view of a building heat insulation structure according to an embodiment of the present invention when constructed in a low-rise building. [Diagram 3] 1 is a diagram showing an opening / closing section of an energy-saving heat insulating structure opening / closing device according to an embodiment of the present invention, which is made of a shape memory alloy. [Figure 4] 1A and 1B are diagrams for explaining opening and closing of an opening and closing device of an energy-saving heat insulating structure according to an embodiment of the present invention, in which (a) shows a closed state and (b) shows an open state. [Diagram 5] FIG. 1 is an external view of a building heat insulation structure according to an embodiment of the present invention installed in a high-rise building. [Figure 6] 1 is a diagram illustrating the air flow in the first ventilation layer of a building heat insulation structure according to an embodiment of the present invention and the function of an air straightening plate. [Figure 7]FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining the structure around the mid-exhaust section of a building heat insulation structure according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 8] FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining the mid-exhaust section of a building heat insulation structure according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0019] DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, the best mode for carrying out the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.

[0020] As the UN Secretary-General has stated, the era of global warming is over and we are now moving into an era of global boiling. The rate of temperature rise is only accelerating, and we are now in an era where we must change our current way of thinking.

[0021] In the first place, most buildings are made of concrete, which is a heat storage material, and the most important energy-saving construction method is to block radiant heat from outdoors. Also, because of the height of the buildings, it is difficult to work on the exterior, so it is necessary to construct them in a structure that allows for planned maintenance from the new construction stage.

[0022] However, many of the construction sites for buildings are expensive, and many of them are built close to the boundary line, making it very difficult to insulate the outside. Also, many designers place importance on the exterior, and there is a tendency for insulation to be put off.

[0023] In this sense, the present invention is a new heat insulation structure for buildings, which has a large energy-saving effect and allows easy maintenance from inside the building, regardless of whether the building is new or existing.

[0024] As shown in Fig. 1(a), the building heat shielding structure 1 according to the present invention is constructed in a building 100 having a double exterior structure including an outer exterior material 2, a building exterior material 3 constructed inside the outer exterior material 2, a first ventilation layer 4 formed between the outer exterior material 2 and the building exterior material 3, and a first material 5 (hereinafter also referred to as the first high reflectance material 5) having high reflectance against radiant heat, such as aluminum foil, provided inside the first ventilation layer 4. The building heat shielding structure 1 also includes a first air intake (first air intake section) 6 formed at the lower end of the outer exterior material 2 for taking in air into the first ventilation layer 4, a first exhaust port (first exhaust section) 7 formed above the parapet wall 3A at the upper end of the building exterior material 3 and on the outdoor side of the building exterior material 3 for discharging air flowing through the first ventilation layer 4 to the outside, a first opening / closing device 8 attached to the first exhaust port 7 and composed of a shape memory alloy unit 8A, and a first opening / closing device protection member 9 for protecting the first opening / closing device 8 provided around the first opening / closing device 8. 2, air taken in from first air intake port 6 flows through first ventilation layer 4, rises to first exhaust port 7, and is discharged to the outside from first exhaust port 7, and the amount of air discharged to the outside is adjusted by first opening / closing device 8 (air flow F). First opening / closing device protection member 19 is provided to protect the temperature sensing unit exposed to the outside from rain, wind, and the like.

[0025] Furthermore, the building heat shielding structure 1 has a rooftop outer exterior material 12 applied with a slope to the rooftop building exterior material 13 that constitutes the roof, a second ventilation layer 14 formed between the rooftop building exterior material 13 and the rooftop outer exterior material 12, a second material 15 with high reflectivity against radiant heat such as aluminum foil provided inside the second ventilation layer 14 (hereinafter also referred to as second high reflectivity material 15), a second air intake port (second air intake section) 16 formed on the belowwater side of the rooftop outer exterior material 12 (right side in the left-right direction X), and a second exhaust port (second exhaust section) 17 formed on the abovewater side of the rooftop outer exterior material 12 (left side in the left-right direction X) and on the outdoor side of the rooftop outer exterior material 12. This heat-shielding structure 1 has a second opening / closing device 18 attached to the second exhaust port 17 and composed of a shape memory alloy unit 8A, and a second opening / closing device protection member 19 for protecting the second opening / closing device 18, and air taken in from the second air intake port 16 flows through the second ventilation layer 14 and is discharged to the outside from the second exhaust port 17, and the amount of air discharged to the outside is adjusted by the second opening / closing device 18.

[0026] This building thermal insulation structure 1 is primarily used for low-rise buildings 100. In the building thermal insulation structure 1 of the present invention, by forming the first exhaust vent 7 in the upper part of the parapet wall 3A on the rooftop and providing the first opening and closing device 8 inside the building exterior material 3, it is possible to reduce the portion of the building exterior material 3 that protrudes outward, and to prevent the outer periphery of the building 100 from becoming large. Furthermore, providing the first opening and closing device 8 inside the building exterior material 3 makes it possible to inspect and replace the first opening and closing device 8 on the rooftop, allowing for a significant reduction in maintenance costs.

[0027] On the upper surface of the rooftop building exterior material 13 that constitutes the rooftop, a rooftop exterior material 12 that is installed with a slope is provided, and for example, a sloping roof or a gabled roof is constructed. On the outdoor side of the rooftop exterior material 12 that constitutes the top part of the roof, a second opening and closing device 18 (shape memory alloy unit 8A) that adjusts the amount of air flowing inside the second ventilation layer 14 is installed, and heat from the rooftop is discharged to the outdoors (outside) through this second opening and closing device 18. There is no particular restriction on the shape of the roof, but it is preferable that it is installed on the entire rooftop as much as possible. In order to protect the operating parts of the shape memory alloy unit 8A from ultraviolet rays, the second opening and closing device 18 is protected by a second opening and closing device protection member 19 such as a ridge cover.

[0028] The roof structure is the same as the wall surface, but the slope of the roof is almost the same as the floor and is nearly horizontal. Therefore, a waterproof layer 10 is installed on the roof floor (top surface), a liner 11 is installed on the waterproof layer 10, and a roof exterior exterior material 12 is installed on the liner 11, with a slight slope, the top left of the left-right direction X is above the water, and a second opening and closing device 18 is installed outdoors on the above-water side of the roof exterior exterior material 12. At this time, the second opening and closing device 18 is installed so that the temperature sensor (spring 8E) is on the outside side (Figure 1 (a)). Furthermore, in order to protect this second opening and closing device 18 from wind and ultraviolet rays, a second opening and closing device protection member 19 made of ridge steel plate is installed above the second opening and closing device 18. In addition, the underwater side of the roof exterior exterior material 12 is an intake door, and the above-water side is an apron door. The configuration and operating parts of the shape memory alloy unit 8A will be described later.

[0029] Radiant heat increases in proportion to the fourth power of absolute temperature. In other words, when air is kept warm in a small space, the amount of radiation increases immediately, and the thermal insulation of the space decreases. Therefore, in the building heat shielding structure 1 according to the present invention, the radiation side of the first highly reflective material 5 faces the first ventilation layer 4, and the radiation side of the second highly reflective material 15 faces the second ventilation layer 14.

[0030] Since low-temperature air constantly flows into the first ventilation layer 4 from the first air intake 6, the temperature on the radiation side of the first high-reflectance material 5 is always constant, and the heat-shielding performance is greatly improved. Although an air layer on the radiation side of the first high-reflectance material 5 is absolutely necessary, there is no problem if an air layer is formed on the reflection side. In other words, there is no problem whether the first high-reflectance material 5 is attached following the unevenness of the outer exterior material 2, attached flat to the indoor side of the uneven surface, or placed between the outer exterior material 2 and the building exterior material 3.

[0031] When the air temperature is higher than the room temperature, heat flows from the outdoors to the inside of the room, and the slight radiant heat emitted from the first highly reflective material 5 is smoothly discharged to the outdoors (outside), creating a very good environment inside the room. However, when the air temperature drops and becomes lower than the room temperature, the direction of heat transfer changes, and the heat inside the room is discharged, worsening the indoor environment. Therefore, the first opening and closing device 8, which is composed of a shape memory alloy unit 8A, is installed to prevent air from flowing through the first ventilation layer 4 when the air temperature drops.

[0032] The first opening and closing device 8 opens and closes when the shape memory alloy senses the outside air temperature, and the amount of air passing through the first ventilation layer 4 is adjusted. The opening and closing device used in the building heat shielding structure 1 of the present invention is a slide-type device that uses a shape memory alloy. As shown in Fig. 3, this first opening and closing device 8 has two rectangular slide plates 8D, each having a plurality of square openings 8C, stacked on a base 8B, and one of the slide plates 8D is expanded and contracted by a spring 8E (temperature sensing part) made of a shape memory alloy that senses the temperature, thereby opening and closing the openings 8C.

[0033] Specifically, as shown in Fig. 4(a), when it cools, the spring 8E expands and the sliding plate 8D moves to the right in the left-right direction X, and the opening 8C is closed by the sliding plate 8D, resulting in a closed state. On the other hand, as shown in Fig. 4(b), when it warms up to a predetermined temperature, the spring 8E contracts and the sliding plate 8D moves to the left in the left-right direction X, opening the opening 8C, resulting in an open state. By utilizing this property, the opening 8C is opened and closed to adjust the flow of air in and out of the first ventilation layer 4, and as a result, the amount of air flowing through the first ventilation layer 4 is adjusted.

[0034] There are various types of shape memory alloys, which are Ni-Ti alloys. The first opening / closing device 8 of the present invention uses one that is fully closed at 18°C ​​and fully open at 28°C. Two slide plates 8D with openings 8C of the same opening area are moved by a spring 8E made of a Ti-Ni alloy that senses temperature and automatically contracts. The shape memory alloy unit 8A currently in use is 31 mm wide, 1 m long, and 60 mm high, and is lightweight and has a simple structure, so it rarely breaks down. The number and size of the first opening / closing device 8 to be used are determined by the amount of air flowing through the first ventilation layer 4, but the method of use is determined depending on the situation, such as using them continuously on the entire wall or using multiple units together in a local area. However, it is rare to use only one, and even if there is a problem in one place, there is no problem as a whole, so it can be said that it is extremely easy to handle.

[0035] In the first opening and closing device 8, the temperature sensor (spring 8E) is located on the outdoor side, not on the ventilation layer side, and operates to fully close at an air temperature of 18° C. and fully open at 28° C. Therefore, when the air temperature is warmer than 18° C., air flows around the entire perimeter of the building, cooling it, and when the air temperature drops below that temperature, ventilation through the first ventilation layer 4 is completely stopped, and the first ventilation layer 4 itself becomes an air insulating layer, keeping the entire building warm. The second opening / closing device 18 and the third opening / closing device 28 of this embodiment have the same basic configuration as the first opening / closing device 8, and the size and the like are appropriately determined depending on the installation position and purpose.

[0036] The first ventilation layer 4 is formed by attaching furring strips and tight frames to the building exterior material 3. The first ventilation layer 4 is a very important factor in the building thermal insulation structure 1 of the present invention, and the thermal insulation effect is determined by the condition and amount of air flowing through the inside of this first ventilation layer 4. Basically, laminar flow is most preferable for the air flow in the first ventilation layer 4. In addition, in the case of a roof, since the slope is small, high-temperature air flows at the top, so laminar flow is easily created in the second ventilation layer 14, but in the case of a wall, turbulence is likely to occur, so it is important to minimize anything that resists the air flow in the first ventilation layer 4. The spacing between the ventilation layers is generally about 80 mm to 100 mm for roofs, depending on the length, and about 50 mm to 100 mm for walls with a height of about 10 m.

[0037] The building heat shielding structure 1 according to the present invention can also be applied to a high-rise building 100. In the high-rise building 100, as shown in FIG. 5, the wall surface of the exterior exterior material 2 is divided into a plurality of blocks from the lower side in the vertical direction Y, and a mid-way air intake 26 and a mid-way exhaust 27 are provided for each block. In addition, in this building heat shielding structure 1, as shown in FIG. 7 and FIG. 8, a maintenance space 21 is provided in a part of the exterior wall of the building exterior material 3, and a part of the height position corresponding to the maintenance space 21 of the exterior exterior material 2 on the outside is opened to provide a mid-way exhaust vent (mid-way exhaust section) 27. Then, the air flowing through the first ventilation layer 4 is discharged to the outdoors through the mid-way exhaust vent 27. A third opening and closing device 28 composed of a shape memory alloy unit 8A is attached to the mid-way exhaust vent 27, and the amount of air discharged to the outside is adjusted by this third opening and closing device 28. The third opening and closing device 28 is provided so that the spring 8E, which is a temperature sensor, is exposed to the outdoors more than the exterior exterior material 2. A third opening / closing device protection member 29 for protecting the third opening / closing device is provided on the outdoor side (on the left side in the left-right direction X) of the third opening / closing device .

[0038] The third opening / closing device protection member 29 is provided to protect the shape memory alloy unit from wind, rain and sunlight, and may be, for example, a rectangular porous wind box with a plurality of holes formed therein and an open bottom.

[0039] This porous wind box is provided so as to surround the outside of the mid-way exhaust port 27 with a square box, and protects the third opening / closing device 28 from wind, sunlight, rain, etc. This porous wind box is a box made of steel plate, and is attached so as to cover the entire mid-way exhaust port 27. Since small holes are formed all over it and the bottom is open, both wind from the outdoors and air from the third opening / closing device 28 side can freely circulate. In addition, since the bottom is open, water does not pool in the porous wind box. In a high-rise building 100, it is subject to strong winds, so it is most important to protect the third opening / closing device 28.

[0040] In order not to increase the area or volume of a high-rise building, it is important not to increase the width of the first ventilation layer 4. Therefore, in the building heat shielding structure 1 of the present invention, the building is divided into a number of blocks from the bottom, and air is taken in and exhausted within each area. For example, in a 30-story high-rise building, the whole is divided into 10 blocks, with each block consisting of three floors from the bottom. Then, mid-way air intake 26 and mid-way exhaust 27 are provided in each block. If we consider the lowest block, the air intake is the first air intake 6 formed near the foundation, which is the lowest end of the outer exterior material 2. Furthermore, it is at the top of the first and second floor windows. In addition, the third floor window is provided with a mid-way exhaust 27 to which a third opening and closing device 28 is attached. Therefore, although it depends on the shape of the building 100, most of the air flowing through the first ventilation layer 4 on the third floor or lower is exhausted to the outdoors through the mid-way exhaust 27 provided in the third floor window.

[0041] A maintenance space 21 is provided in the building exterior material 3 (building wall) so that the third opening and closing device 28 can be attached and detached. In the case of a new building, an opening can be provided with predetermined dimensions, but in the case of an existing building, part of the upper part of the window 20 or the like can be used as the maintenance space 21 (Figure 5(b)). The maintenance space 21 only needs to be about 30 to 40 cm high, so it does not have much of an impact on the interior. The front side of the maintenance space 21 is indoors so there are no problems, but the outdoor side forms a partition wall with the first ventilation layer 4, so it is designed to be airtight.

[0042] A mid-way exhaust port 27 with a shape memory alloy unit attached is installed in the outer exterior material 2 on the outdoor side of the maintenance space 21. The air that has risen through the first ventilation layer 4 passes through a third opening and closing device 28 attached to this mid-way exhaust port 27 and is discharged to the outdoors. Of course, the temperature sensor of the third opening and closing device 28 is installed on the outdoor side so that it detects the air temperature. The number of third opening and closing devices 28 to be installed is appropriately determined depending on the amount of ventilation required. With this structure, even in a high-rise building 100, the operating status of the third opening and closing device 28 can be checked from inside the building, and if a malfunction occurs, it can be easily replaced from inside the building.

[0043] In the building thermal insulation structure 1 of the present invention, in addition to the first air intake 6 provided at the lowest end of the exterior exterior material 2, mid-way air intakes 26 that take in air into the first ventilation layer 4 can also be provided at the windows 20, above the maintenance space 21, etc. Atmospheric air is used to cool the building exterior material 3, but because the wall area of ​​the building exterior material 3 is large, air intakes are required to take in a large amount of air. Therefore, in addition to the first air intake 6, mid-way air intakes 26 are provided at the windows 20, above the maintenance space 21, etc. The location where the mid-way air intakes 26 are formed is determined based on the amount of ventilation required.

[0044] Mid-way air intake 26 is formed by leaving a space of several centimeters above window 20 or maintenance space 21, and can be easily formed, for example, by simply attaching a drip edge from the outdoor side to the furring strip or tight frame metal fittings that secure outer exterior material 2. Since mid-way air intake 26 is formed by opening the wall surface of outer exterior material 2, it is also important to attach wire mesh as a measure to prevent insects and birds.

[0045] In the building thermal insulation structure 1 of the present invention, as shown in Figures 5 and 6, an air straightening plate 22 for guiding air to the mid-exhaust vent 27 is provided inside the first ventilation layer 4. Air flowing through the first ventilation layer 4 between the outer exterior material 2 and the building exterior material 3 tends to rise linearly in a space with little resistance. In particular, since air stagnation is likely to occur under the windows 20, the air straightening plate 22 is provided so that air can flow smoothly to the mid-exhaust vent 27. In addition, since the air in the first ventilation layer 4 is ultimately directed to the mid-exhaust vent 27 at the top of each block, a sturdy air straightening plate 22 is provided to prevent air from flowing into the upper blocks. As shown in FIG. 6(a), the mid-way air intake 26 may be formed in a broken line above the air straightening vanes 22, which are provided on both sides and tilted downward, or as shown in FIG. 6(b), the air straightening vane 22 may be provided in a straight line, and the mid-way air intake 26 may also be formed in a straight line above the air straightening vanes 22.

[0046] Generally, aluminum foil is used as a material with high reflectivity against radiant heat (high reflectivity material), but it is used as a heat shielding material that is a composite material in combination with other materials in terms of strength. In addition, since it is used in the first ventilation layer 4 and the second ventilation layer 14, it may come into contact with acid or alkali components in the atmosphere, and acid resistance and alkali resistance are required. Furthermore, since it is used in contact with metal, measures to prevent electrolytic corrosion are also necessary. In the present invention, aluminum foil with a purity of 99.5% or more is used, and has a reflectivity of 98%. In addition, since it is used as an exterior material, a non-flammable certified product is used. From this point of view, a heat shielding material with a seven-layer structure of electrolytic corrosion prevention layer + aluminum foil + heat welding layer + glass cloth + heat welding layer + aluminum foil + electrolytic corrosion prevention layer is used.

[0047] The present invention will now be described in detail. It is a well-known fact that buildings are hot even at night in the summer because they are made of highly heat-retentive materials such as concrete, precast concrete, ALC (lightweight aerated concrete), and glass, which absorb a lot of heat. It is also known that this heat is largely influenced by radiant heat from the sun, and that it is preferable to block it from the outside of the building. However, because buildings are tall and are constantly subject to strong winds, most are insulated from the inside out. It is extremely irrational to use insulation, which is a heat-retentive material, on concrete, which has a high heat-retentive property.

[0048] The building heat shielding structure 1 of the present invention utilizes the low radiation performance of the first high reflectance material 5 by attaching the first high reflectance material 5 to the inside of the exterior cladding material 2 and further ventilating the indoor side through the first ventilation layer 4. This building heat shielding structure 1 is very effective and can achieve 60% energy savings just by installing it on the roof.

[0049] The following problems arise when constructing a heat-shielding structure in a high-rise building: First, because high-rise buildings are often located in areas with high land prices, it is necessary to minimize the volume of space other than that used daily, such as residential and office space. In addition, existing buildings are built very close together, and even built right up to the boundaries, making it extremely difficult to increase the perimeter of the current buildings. Second, because the buildings are high-rise, it is difficult to maintain the exterior materials, and maintenance costs are likely to be high. Third, high-rise buildings are often designed with an emphasis on appearance, and many of them have good design but very poor insulation.

[0050] Therefore, the first important thing is how to reduce the overhang when attaching an exterior exterior material to the outside of the building exterior material, and how to reduce the width of the ventilation layer. With the building heat shielding structure 1 of the present invention, the heat exhaust method and construction method can be changed between low-rise buildings and high-rise buildings.

[0051] When the building heat shielding structure 1 of the present invention is formed in a low-rise building 100, the second exhaust port 17 to which the second opening / closing device 18 is attached is formed on the upper side of the rooftop parapet wall 3A. This eliminates any part of the exterior exterior material that protrudes outward. In addition, maintenance and inspection of the second opening / closing device 18 can also be performed on the rooftop, leading to cost reduction. On the other hand, when the building heat shielding structure 1 is formed in a high-rise building 100, for example, all floors are divided into blocks (block 1, block 2) of three floors each, and heat generated in block 1 and block 2 is discharged in each block (FIG. 5). That is, each block is provided with multiple mid-way air intakes 26 and multiple mid-way exhaust ports 27. This allows the width of the first ventilation layer 4 to be small even in a high-rise building 100, when low-rise buildings 100 are stacked. The blocks may be provided on multiple floors, for example, every two floors or every five floors.

[0052] In addition, the windows 20 were modified to provide a maintenance space 21 at a location 30 cm to 40 cm above the windows 20, and the exterior exterior material 2 on the outside of this maintenance space 21 was opened to form an intermediate exhaust port 27, and a third opening and closing device 28 was installed in this intermediate exhaust port 27. The intermediate exhaust port 27 was installed in all the windows 20 on the top floor of each block. The number of third opening and closing devices 28 to be installed is determined according to the wall area, the area of ​​the windows 20, the building structure, etc. In addition, by installing air straightening plates 22 in the first ventilation layer 4 between the exterior exterior material 2 and the building exterior material 3 and on both sides of the intermediate exhaust port 27, the air that rises along the exterior exterior material 2 and the building exterior material 3 is naturally guided to the intermediate exhaust port 27 and discharged to the outdoors through the third opening and closing device 28. Meanwhile, air intakes are provided not only at the bottom of the building 100 but also at the top of the windows 20 on each floor, enabling sufficient air to be supplied. By adopting such a structure, the same structure can be constructed in both low-rise and high-rise buildings 100, and the energy-saving effect and horizontal area are roughly the same. Furthermore, maintenance of the second opening / closing device 18 and the third opening / closing device 28 can be performed indoors or on the roof, allowing for significant cost reduction.

[0053] [Test 1] A test was conducted to verify the energy-saving effect of concrete buildings such as buildings. A heat-shielding steel plate with heat-shielding material attached to the interior side of the half-and-half exterior material was placed 250 mm in front of a 1KW far-infrared heater, and a concrete plate was placed with a further 30 mm space. The space between the heat-shielding steel plate and the concrete plate is a ventilated space where air flows from below to above. In this state, the surface temperature of the heat-shielding steel plate was raised to verify how much the temperature of the surface of the concrete plate rose.

[0054] 1. Specifications of each component Half-and-half exterior material: Galvanized steel sheet (registered trademark) 0.6mmT x 200mmW x 250mmH Heat shielding material: Top Heat Barrier THB-FX 0.2mmT Concrete: 60mm x 250mm x 250mm 2. Thermometer Thermo recorder 3. Temperature measurement points (1) Surface temperature of heat shielding steel plate (2) Center of ventilation space (3) Concrete surface on heater side (4) Room temperature

[0055] [Table 1] TIFF0007638570000002.tif175113

[0056] [Table 2] TIFF0007638570000003.tif86156

[0057] [Consideration 1] The verification results are shown in Tables 1 and 2. Even if the surface temperature of the heat-shielding steel plate is increased, the surface temperature of the concrete plate hardly increases due to the excellent low radiation performance of the heat-shielding material. This means that a significant energy saving effect can be expected.

[0058] By constructing the building heat shielding structure 1 according to the present invention in the building 100, the energy saving effect is large and almost no energy is required for operation, so it is very efficient. In addition, the third opening and closing device 28 on each floor can be easily checked visually and can be maintained very easily.

[0059] Although the present embodiment has been described above, it is possible to select from the configurations given in the above embodiment, or to change to other configurations as appropriate, without departing from the spirit of the present invention. [Explanation of symbols]

[0060] 1. Building heat insulation structure 2 Outer cladding material 3. Building exterior materials 3A Parapet wall 4 First ventilation layer 5. The first material with high reflectivity against radiant heat such as aluminum foil (first highly reflective material) 6 First air intake (first air intake section) 7 First exhaust port (first exhaust section) 8 First switchgear 8A Shape memory alloy unit 8B base 8C opening 8D Slide plate 8E Spring (temperature sensor) 9 First switchgear protection member 10 waterproof layer 11. Liner 12 Rooftop outer cladding material 13 Rooftop building exterior materials 14 Second ventilation layer 15. A second material with high reflectivity against radiant heat, such as aluminum foil (second highly reflective material) 16 Second intake port (second intake section) 17 Second exhaust port (second exhaust section) 18 Second switchgear 19 Second switchgear protective member 20. Windows 21 Maintenance Space 22 Air deflector 26 Mid-air intake (mid-air intake section) 27 Mid-way exhaust port (mid-way exhaust section) 28 Third switchgear 29 Third switchgear protection member 100 Building F. Air flow X Left / right direction Y vertical direction

Claims

1. A building heat shielding structure constructed in a building having a double exterior structure including an exterior exterior material, a building exterior material constructed inside the exterior exterior material, a rooftop building exterior material constituting a rooftop, a first ventilation layer formed between the exterior exterior material and the building exterior material, and a heat shielding material provided inside the first ventilation layer and inside the exterior exterior material, a first intake section formed at the lower end of the outer exterior material for taking in air into the first ventilation layer, and a first exhaust section formed above the parapet wall at the upper end of the building exterior material, toward the outdoor side of the building exterior material and toward the rooftop building exterior material, for discharging air flowing through the first ventilation layer to the outside; A first opening and closing device is attached to the first exhaust section and includes a shape memory alloy unit including a temperature sensor; A first opening / closing device protection member is provided to protect the temperature sensing unit that is exposed to the outside from the outer sheath material, The air taken in from the first intake section flows through the first ventilation layer, rises to the first exhaust section, and is discharged to the outside from the first exhaust section. The amount of air discharged to the outside is adjusted by the temperature sensing section of the first opening / closing device sensing the outside temperature. A heat insulating structure for a building.

2. A roof exterior exterior material that is installed with a slope on the rooftop building exterior material that constitutes the rooftop; A second ventilation layer formed between the rooftop building exterior material and the rooftop outer exterior material; A heat shielding material provided inside the second ventilation layer; A second intake section is formed on the underwater side of the rooftop exterior exterior material, and a second exhaust section is formed on the above-water side of the rooftop exterior exterior material and on the outdoor side of the rooftop exterior exterior material, A second opening and closing device attached to the second exhaust section and configured with a shape memory alloy unit; A second opening / closing device protection member for protecting the second opening / closing device, The air taken in from the second intake section flows through the second ventilation layer and is discharged to the outside from the second exhaust section, and the amount of air discharged to the outside is adjusted by the second opening and closing device. The heat insulating structure for a building according to claim 1.

3. A midway exhaust portion formed in the outer exterior material; a third opening / closing device attached to the midway exhaust section and composed of a shape memory alloy unit; The amount of air discharged to the outside from the midway exhaust section is adjusted by the third opening / closing device. The building heat insulation structure according to claim 1 or 2.

4. An opening for attaching and detaching the third opening and closing device is formed in a part of the building exterior material or a part of the window. The heat insulating structure for a building according to claim 3.

5. A third opening and closing device attached to the midway exhaust section; A third opening / closing device protection member for protecting the third opening / closing device, The heat insulating structure for a building according to claim 3.

6. An air guide plate for guiding air to the midway exhaust section is provided in the first ventilation layer. The heat insulating structure for a building according to claim 3.

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