Crushing and reducing device for recycled materials and crushing and reducing method using the same

Abstract

To provide a crushing reduction method capable of obtaining, from a recycled raw material to be analyzed, an analysis sample accurately representing characteristics thereof.SOLUTION: There is provided a crushing reduction method of reducing the material in sequence by a first reducing machine 4 and a second reducing machine 8 which are provided right behind the first crushing machine 1 and second crushing machine 6 while reducing granularity of a recycled raw material to be analyzed in steps by a first crushing machine 1 and a second crushing machine 6 which succeed, wherein crushed objects discharged from the first crushing machine 1 and second crushing machine 6 are successively conveyed until they are reduced by the first reducing machine 4 or second reducing machine 8 right behind them.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to an apparatus for shredding and reducing recycled materials, such as scrap substrates, and a method for shredding and reducing the recycled materials using the same. [Background technology]

[0002] Scrap circuit boards discarded from used electronic devices contain valuable metals such as gold, silver, copper, platinum, and palladium. Metal scrap containing valuable metals may also be generated from non-ferrous metal smelting plants and plants that perform metal processing, metal plating, etc. These scrap materials are generally collected as recycling materials for the effective use of resources, and are processed at processing plants where they are sorted by screening, etc., and then concentrated by dry or wet methods to regenerate valuable metals at high quality.

[0003] In order to efficiently regenerate the valuable metals, it is desirable to optimize the conditions of the regeneration process, and for this purpose, it is important to accurately analyze in advance the content of the valuable metals to be recovered contained in the recycled materials. In addition, when purchasing recycled materials from outside the company or selling them to outside the company, it is necessary to accurately quantitatively analyze the content of the valuable metals contained in the recycled materials to be purchased and sold.

[0004] As described above, in order to accurately quantitatively analyze the content of valuable metals contained in recycled materials, it is necessary to collect and prepare a small amount of analytical sample that accurately represents the characteristics of one lot of recycled materials to be analyzed. For this reason, in the past, for example, according to Non-Patent Document 1, samples were randomly collected from one lot to be analyzed using a collector or the like, and in order to reduce the increment of this collected one unit amount to an appropriate amount required for quantitative analysis, the increment reduction method, cone quartering method, or the like was used, or the reduction was performed using a reduction device. [Prior art documents] [Non-patent literature]

[0005] [Non-Patent Document 1] JIS M8100-1992 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0006] However, in the above-mentioned conventional reduction method, when the analysis target is, for example, a scrap substrate having a mass of more than 100 kg per lot, the reduction must be repeated using the incremental reduction method, the cone quartering method, or a reduction device, which requires a lot of time and effort. In addition, recycled materials such as scrap substrates are heterogeneous, unlike liquids and powders, and therefore have a large variation in characteristics such as composition, making it difficult to prepare an analytical sample that accurately reflects the characteristics of the lot to be analyzed. The present invention has been made in consideration of the above circumstances, and aims to provide a reduction method that can obtain an analytical sample that accurately represents the characteristics of the lot of recycled material to be analyzed without requiring a lot of time and effort. [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] In order to achieve the above object, the method for crushing and dividing recycled materials according to the present invention comprises the steps of: crushing and dividing recycled materials to be analyzed in a series of multiple crushers to gradually reduce the particle size of the recycled materials; The above A method for shredding and reducing a product by a plurality of reduction machines provided immediately downstream of a plurality of crushers, the shredded material discharged from each of the plurality of crushers is continuously transported until it is reduced by the reduction machine immediately downstream of the shredder. In the final stage, the reduction machine selects an arbitrary number of containers from the ones that have been divided into multiple containers, and repeats this process once or twice to adjust the reduction ratio. It is characterized by:

[0008] In addition, the crushing and fractionating device for recycled materials according to the present invention is a multiple crushing device that crushes and fractionates the recycled materials to be analyzed in stages to reduce their particle size. Number A crusher, The aboveA crushing and reducing device comprising a plurality of crushers and a plurality of reduction machines located immediately downstream of each of the plurality of crushers, wherein the crushed material discharged from each of the plurality of crushers is continuously transported by a transport means without being retained until it is reduced in the reduction machine immediately downstream of the crusher. The final stage of the reduction machine is designed to select any number of pieces from the multiple containers. It is characterized by the above. Effect of the Invention

[0009] According to the present invention, a highly reliable analytical sample that accurately represents the characteristics of a lot of recycled material to be analyzed can be obtained without requiring a lot of time and effort. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0010] [Figure 1] FIG. 2 is a schematic flow diagram of a crushing and reducing device suitably used in the crushing and reducing method for scrap substrates according to an embodiment of the present invention. BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THEINVENTION

[0011] Hereinafter, the shredding and reducing method of the recycled material according to the embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings, taking the case where the recycled material is a scrap substrate as an example. As shown in Fig. 1, the shredding and reducing method according to the embodiment of the present invention uses four consecutive shredding machines to shred the scrap substrate as the recycled material to be analyzed, thereby gradually reducing the particle size, and then performs sequential reduction by four reduction machines provided immediately downstream of each of the four shredding machines. In the two upstream shredding machines among these four shredding machines, the shredded material discharged from each of them is continuously transported by a belt conveyor without being retained until it is reduced by the reduction machine immediately downstream.

[0012] Specifically, all the increments of scrap substrates in one lot are first put into the hopper 1a of the first crusher 1 located on the most upstream side. It is preferable to use a biaxial crusher that can stably crush to a predetermined particle size for this first crusher 1. The biaxial crusher rotates two parallel rotating shafts extending horizontally inwardly, and crushes the object to be crushed passing between these rotating shafts with a plurality of approximately disk-shaped cutters provided on each rotating shaft. Each cutter has hook-shaped cutting edges formed at equal intervals in the circumferential direction, and the particle size of the object to be crushed after crushing is determined by the number and width of these hook-shaped cutting edges. In this first crusher 1, it is preferable to finely crush the object to be crushed to a particle size of about 30 to 80 mm, and more preferably to finely crush the object to be crushed to a particle size of about 50 mm.

[0013] The scrap substrates as the crushed material crushed by the first crusher 1 are discharged from the bottom outlet of the first crusher 1 and are continuously transported by the first belt conveyor 2 until they are crushed by the first reduction machine 4 located immediately downstream. Specifically, the upstream end of the first belt conveyor 2 is provided below the bottom outlet of the first crusher 1, and the scrap substrates crushed by the first crusher 1 are continuously transported by this first belt conveyor 2 toward the first reduction machine 4 located downstream. It is preferable to provide a magnetic separator 3 midway along the transport path of this first belt conveyor 2, which can remove iron impurities contained in the scrap substrates.

[0014] The scrap substrate continuously conveyed by the first belt conveyor 2 is then fed into the chute 4a of the first reduction machine 4. For this first reduction machine 4, it is preferable to use a Snyder Type Sampler, which can change the reduction ratio steplessly up to a large reduction ratio exceeding about 1 / 5 to 1 / 3. The Snyder Type Sampler has a structure in which a substantially conical flange portion with one or more openings is provided at the end of the rotating shaft, and the scrap substrate introduced into the inside of the flange portion through the chute 4a is partially passed through the opening and collected as a sample, while the remaining portion slides down from the outer edge of the flange portion and discharged as a reject, thereby performing the first reduction. In this first reduction machine 4, it is preferable to set the reduction ratio to about 1 / 6 to 1 / 3, and more preferably to about 1 / 4. This reduction ratio can be adjusted by changing the opening area of ​​the liner. In addition, a reduction operation in which a crushing process is performed in the immediately preceding step, such as the primary reduction described above, is sometimes called crushing reduction.

[0015] The scrap substrates that have been primarily reduced by the first reduction machine 4 are discharged from the sample side discharge port 4b and fall onto the conveyor surface at the upstream end of the second belt conveyor 5 provided below. As a result, the scrap substrates that have been primarily reduced are transported by the second belt conveyor 5 toward the second crusher 6 in the subsequent stage where secondary crushing is performed. On the other hand, scrap substrates that have been rejected by the first reduction machine 4, as indicated by the white arrow, are discharged from the reject side discharge port 4c. The rejected scrap substrates are preferably automatically returned to the parent lot by a transport means (not shown).

[0016] The scrap substrates transported by the second belt conveyor 5 are then fed into the hopper 6a of the second crusher 6. The type of the second crusher 6 is preferably a biaxial crusher similar to the first crusher 1 described above. This allows the scrap substrates to be crushed even finer. The second crusher 6 preferably crushes the substrates to about half the particle size of the first crusher 1. That is, when the first crusher 1 performs primary crushing to a particle size of about 50 mm, the second crusher 6 preferably crushes the substrates to a particle size of about 25 mm.

[0017] The scrap substrate as the crushed material secondarily crushed by the second crusher 6 is discharged from the bottom discharge port and continuously transported by the third belt conveyor 7 until it is reduced by the second reduction machine 8 immediately downstream. Specifically, the crushed material after the second crushing falls onto the conveyor surface at the upstream end of the third belt conveyor 7 provided below the second crusher 6. As a result, the scrap substrate after the second crushing is introduced into the chute 8a of the second reduction machine 8 at the downstream stage, which performs the secondary reduction, via the third belt conveyor 7. It is preferable to adopt a Snyder type reduction machine as the type of this second reduction machine 8, similar to the first reduction machine 4 described above. On the other hand, the reduction ratio is preferably about 1 / 6 to 1 / 3, and more preferably about 1 / 5.

[0018] The scrap substrates that have been secondarily reduced by the second reduction machine 8 are discharged from the sample side discharge port 8b and fall onto the conveyor surface at the upstream end of the fourth belt conveyor 9 provided below. As a result, the scrap substrates that have been secondarily reduced are transported by the fourth belt conveyor 9 toward the third crusher 10 in the subsequent stage where the tertiary crushing is performed. On the other hand, the scrap substrates that have been rejected by the second reduction machine 8, as indicated by the white arrow, are discharged from the reject side discharge port 8c. The rejected scrap substrates are preferably returned to the parent lot automatically by a transport means (not shown).

[0019] The scrap substrates conveyed by the fourth belt conveyor 9 are then fed into a hopper 10a of the third crusher 10. A single-shaft crusher is preferably used for the third crusher 10. The single-shaft crusher crushes the scrap substrates by cutting them with a rotary blade provided on a horizontally extending rotary shaft and a fixed blade attached to the main body, and the crushed scrap substrates pass through a screen having a predetermined mesh size and are discharged from an outlet at the bottom of the main body. Therefore, the scrap substrates can be crushed to a particle size that can pass through the screen. In the third crusher 10, it is preferable to crush the scrap substrates so that the particle size is preferably about 60 to 80%, more preferably about 70%, finer than that of the second crusher 6. That is, when the second crusher 6 performs secondary crushing to a particle size of, for example, about 25 mm, the third crusher 10 preferably crushes the scrap substrates to a particle size of about 15 to 20 mm, and more preferably crushes the scrap substrates to a particle size of about 18 mm.

[0020] The scrap substrates crushed by the third crusher 10 are discharged from the bottom outlet and directly fed into the hopper 11a of the third reduction machine 11 located directly below. A rotary container type reduction machine is preferably used for this third reduction machine 11. The rotary container type reduction machine reduces the powder particles that fall at a constant rate through a feeder located at the bottom of the hopper by receiving them in a rotating circular container that is supported at equal intervals in the circumferential direction. In this third reduction machine 11, the reduction ratio is preferably set to about 1 / 6 to 1 / 3, and more preferably about 1 / 5.

[0021] The scrap substrates tertiarily reduced by the third reduction machine 11 are discharged from the sample side discharge port 11b and fall onto the conveyor surface at the upstream end of the fifth belt conveyor 12 provided below. As a result, the scrap substrates tertiarily reduced are transported by the fifth belt conveyor 12 toward the fourth crusher in the subsequent stage, which performs the fourth crushing. On the other hand, the scrap substrates rejected by the third reduction machine 11, as indicated by the white arrow, are discharged from the reject side discharge port 11c. The rejected scrap substrates are preferably automatically returned to the parent lot by a transport means (not shown).

[0022] The scrap substrates transported by the fifth belt conveyor 12 are then fed into a hopper 13a of a fourth crusher 13. The type of this fourth crusher 13 is preferably a biaxial crusher similar to the first and second crushers 1 and 6. Since this fourth crusher 13 is the final stage crusher, it is preferable to crush the substrates to a particle size of about 10 mm, which is generally suitable for analytical samples of scrap substrates.

[0023] The scrap substrates crushed in the fourth crusher 13 are discharged from the bottom discharge port and collected in a container provided below. The scrap substrates after the fourth crushing collected in this container are transported manually and put into the hopper 14a of the fourth reduction machine 14 in the final stage. The type of this fourth reduction machine 14 is preferably a rotary container type reduction machine similar to the third reduction machine 11 in the previous stage. In particular, it is desirable that the fourth reduction machine 14 has a structure in which each increment is independent and the reduction ratio can be adjusted by selecting any number from among them. Specifically, when automatically distributing into eight containers in eight equal parts, it is desirable that the structure can be such that a sample reduced to n / 8 can be collected by selecting n containers, and thus, for example, a sample reduced to 1 / 8 can be collected by selecting one container, a sample reduced to 2 / 8 can be collected by selecting two containers, and a sample reduced to 3 / 8 can be collected by selecting three containers.

[0024] Since the fourth reduction machine 14 is the final stage reduction machine, the reduction ratio is adjusted by the above method so that the amount is suitable for the analysis sample of the scrap board. In addition, the reduction operation for the final adjustment of the reduction ratio performed by the fourth reduction machine 14 is sometimes called sample reduction, in contrast to the shredding reduction performed by the first to third reduction machines 4, 8, and 11. If the desired reduction ratio cannot be obtained by one sample reduction using the fourth reduction machine 14, the sample reduction by the fourth reduction machine 14 is repeated two or more times. For example, since the amount suitable for the analysis sample is generally 500 to 1000 g, if the scrap board after the third reduction by the third reduction machine 11 is 5 kg, it is possible to reduce it to 625 g by performing a sample reduction at a reduction ratio of 1 / 8 only once in the fourth reduction machine 14, in which one of the eight containers divided into eight equal parts is selected. In addition, if the scrap substrate after the third reduction by the third reduction machine 11 is 10 kg, a first sample reduction with a reduction ratio of 1 / 8 is performed in the fourth reduction machine 14 by selecting one of the eight containers divided into eight equal parts as mentioned above, and then this is fed back into the fourth reduction machine 14 to perform a second sample reduction with a reduction ratio of 4 / 8 by selecting four of the eight containers, making it possible to reduce it to 625 g.

[0025] As described above, in the shredding and reducing device according to the embodiment of the present invention, the amount of scrap substrates can be reduced to about 1 / 6 to 1 / 3 by one reduction in each reduction machine (sometimes expressed as a reduction rate of 17 to 33%). In cases where it is required to keep the reduction rate to about 1% or less in consideration of the incoming lot size and the sample size required for the analysis sample, three reduction machines are continuously connected via a belt conveyor, and the scrap substrates are introduced into these reduction machines from the upstream side to the downstream side and reduced, so that it is possible to automatically reduce the reduction rate to 1% or less. Furthermore, in front of each of these reduction machines, a crusher is provided that crushes the substrates to a particle size of about 50 mm, about 25 mm, and about 18 mm, respectively, and in the final stage, a crusher is provided that crushes the substrates to a particle size of about 10 mm. Therefore, even if the amount of scrap substrates is gradually reduced by the stepwise reduction in the multiple-stage condensation machines, the particle size can be made finer in stages accordingly, so that errors due to reduction can be suppressed.

[0026] In addition, the crushed material discharged from the first crusher 1 and the second crusher is continuously transported by a conveying means such as a belt conveyor until it is reduced by the first reduction machine 4 and the second reduction machine 8, respectively, which are located immediately downstream, so that equipment such as a storage tank equipped with an agitator or feeder is not required between the crusher and the reduction machine located immediately downstream, and as a result, the crushing and reduction device can be simplified and the cost and effort for its maintenance are also unnecessary. Furthermore, when reduction is performed sequentially using multiple continuous reduction machines, the upstream reduction machine handles a relatively large amount of samples and takes a long time to process, but as described above, there is no equipment such as a storage tank for retaining crushed material between each of the upstream first crusher 1 and the second crusher and the reduction machine located immediately downstream, so it is possible to obtain analytical samples in a shorter time.

[0027] The type and number of the crushers and the reduction ratio set in each reduction machine are not limited to those in the above embodiment, and can be appropriately determined according to the sample size and lot size required for the analysis sample. For example, in the case where the sample size required for the analysis sample is 500 g, in the configuration of the above embodiment, the reduction ratio of the crushing reduction in the first reduction machine 4, the second reduction machine 8, and the third reduction machine 11 can be set to 1 / 4, 1 / 5, and 1 / 5, respectively, to achieve an overall reduction ratio of 1 / 100. Therefore, if the sample reduction in the fourth reduction machine 14 with a reduction ratio of 1 / 8 is further included, a single reduction using the crushing reduction device can accommodate an incoming lot size of 50 to 400 kg, and a maximum incoming lot size of 3200 kg can be accommodated by repeating the sample reduction in the fourth reduction machine 14 once more. Next, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples. In addition, the crushing and reducing apparatus may be configured so that all of the crushers constituting the crushing and reducing apparatus, or all of the crushers except for the most downstream crusher, continuously transport the crushed material discharged from each of them without retaining it until it is reduced in the subsequent reducing machine. EXAMPLES

[0028] A scrap substrate having a particle size of about 300 mm was crushed and reduced by a crushing and reduction method of an embodiment of the present invention using a crushing and reduction device as shown in Fig. 1, and the result was compared with a conventional crushing and reduction method as a comparative example. Specifically, in the crushing and reduction method of the comparative example, a scrap substrate having a particle size of about 300 mm was crushed to a particle size of less than 18 mm using a biaxial crusher (NC-B15, blade thickness 50 mm) made by Plant System Co., Ltd. and a shredder (BD645) made by MTB Co., Ltd. Then, when the scrap substrate was transported by a belt conveyor and dropped from the downstream end, it was collected by a cutter bucket reciprocating horizontally and in a direction perpendicular to the conveying direction of the belt conveyor, and crushed and reduced to a reduction ratio of 2 / 100 (reduction rate 2%). The obtained scrap substrates with a particle size of less than 18 mm were divided into samples using a Yoshida Seisakusho Co., Ltd. two-division machine (model: 1035, No. 20) to reduce the size of the first sample (reduction ratio 1 / 2), the second sample (reduction ratio 1 / 2), the third sample (reduction ratio 1 / 2), the fourth sample (reduction ratio 1 / 2), and the fifth sample (reduction ratio 1 / 2).

[0029] On the other hand, as a crushing and reducing method of the embodiment of the present invention, the scrap substrate having a particle size of about 300 mm of the same lot as the comparative example was subjected to a primary crushing to a particle size of less than 50 mm using a biaxial crusher (NC-B15, blade thickness 50 mm) of Plant System Co., Ltd. as the first crusher, a primary reduction (reduction ratio 1 / 4) using a Snyder type reduction machine as the first reduction machine 4, a secondary crushing to a particle size of less than 25 mm using a biaxial crusher (NC-B15-EP, blade thickness 25 mm) of Plant System Co., Ltd. as the second crusher 6, and a secondary reduction to a particle size of less than 25 mm using a Snyder type reduction machine as the second reduction machine 8. A reduction ratio of 1% was achieved by sequentially performing the following: secondary reduction (reduction ratio 1 / 5) using a Neider type reduction machine; tertiary crushing to a particle size of less than 18 mm using a single-shaft crusher (NC-B5.5-EP, screen opening diameter 18 mm) from Plant System Co., Ltd. as the third crusher 10; tertiary reduction (reduction ratio 1 / 5) using a rotary container type reduction machine as the third crusher 11; and quaternary crushing to a particle size of less than 10 mm using a biaxial crusher (UG165-10-240, blade thickness 10 mm) from Ujiie Seisakusho Co., Ltd. as the fourth crusher 13. After that, the first sample reduction (reduction ratio 1 / 8) and the second sample reduction (reduction ratio 4 / 8) were performed using a rotary container type reduction machine for sample reduction.

[0030] In the above comparative example, the amount of scrap substrate after shredding was as large as 20 kg, so it was necessary to repeat the 2-division process five times in the sample reduction to achieve a sample size of 625 g. On the other hand, in the reduction process of the embodiment of the present invention, the amount of scrap substrate after shredding was 10 kg, so the sample size of 625 g could be achieved by simply repeating the 8-division process twice in the sample reduction (reduction ratio 1 / 8 x reduction ratio 4 / 8). Therefore, the embodiment was able to reduce the sample reduction time by 85 minutes compared to the comparative example. The time required for shredding and reduction other than sample reduction was almost the same at 120 minutes in both the embodiment and the comparative example.

[0031] Thus, the shredding and reduction method of the embodiment of the present invention is more efficient than the shredding and reduction method of the comparative example, since the shredding and reduction are performed stepwise. This is because the rate-limiting factor of the shredding and reduction process is the crushing operation, and only the reduced scrap substrate is crushed in a subsequent stage to perform the shredding stepwise, eliminating the need to crush the extra scrap substrate. In the comparative example, the shredding is reduced to a reduction rate of 2% using a cutter bucket after shredding, and then reduction is repeated in a two-way divider to the desired sample size. If the reduction rate of the cutter bucket becomes greater than 2%, the reduction in the two-way divider becomes even more time-consuming, and the processing time becomes longer. In addition, in the embodiment, the particle size after shredding is 56% finer (from 18 mm to 10 mm) than in the comparative example, so there is also the advantage that the shredding work in the analysis work in the subsequent process becomes easier.

[0032] The preparation of analytical samples using the shredding and reduction methods of the above-mentioned Example and Comparative Example was carried out on three lots of scrap substrates, and the Cu content of the obtained analytical samples was measured using an ICP emission spectrometer. When the measurement results were compared, as shown in Table 1 below, when the Cu content of the shredding and reduction method of the Comparative Example was taken as 100%, the Cu content of the shredding and reduction method of the Example of the present invention was an average of 100.9% within ±3%, which was the same value as the shredding and reduction method of the Comparative Example.

[0033] [Table 1] [Explanation of symbols]

[0034] 1. First crusher 1a, 6a, 10a, 11a, 13a, 14a Hopper 4a, 8a Shoot 2. First conveyor belt 3 Magnetic separator 4 1st fractionator 4b, 8b, 11b Sample side outlet 4c, 8c, 11c Reject side outlet 5. Second conveyor belt 6. Second Crusher 7. Third conveyor belt 8 Second fractionator 9 Fourth Conveyor Belt 10. No. 3 Crusher 11 Third reduction machine 12 5th conveyor belt 13 Fourth Crusher 14 4th reduction machine

Claims

1. A method for shredding and reducing recycled materials, in which the particle size of the recycled materials to be analyzed is gradually reduced using a number of successive crushers, and then the materials are successively reduced in size using a number of reduction machines installed immediately downstream of each of the multiple crushers, in which the crushed material discharged from each of the multiple crushers is continuously transported until it is reduced in the reduction machine immediately downstream, and in the final reduction machine, a desired number of pieces are selected from the pieces distributed to a number of containers, and the reduction rate is adjusted by repeating this process once or twice or more times.

2. The method for crushing and dividing recycled materials as described in claim 1, characterized in that the multiple pulverizers are Snyder type pulverizers except for the final stage pulverizer, and the final stage pulverizer is a rotary container type pulverizer.

3. 3. The method for shredding and reducing recycled materials according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the recycled materials are scrap substrates.

4. The method for crushing and reducing recycled materials according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the plurality of crushers are biaxial crushers or uniaxial crushers.

5. This crushing and reduction device for recycled materials is composed of a number of crushers that gradually reduce the particle size of the recycled materials to be analyzed, and a number of reduction machines located immediately downstream of each of the multiple crushers, wherein the crushed material discharged from each of the multiple crushers is continuously transported by a transport means without being retained until it is reduced in the reduction machine immediately downstream, and the final stage reduction machine is structured so that any number of pieces can be selected from those distributed to a number of containers.

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