System and method for collecting hydrological information in deepwater lakes, deepwater reservoirs, and oceans

Abstract

A system and method for collecting hydrological information in deepwater lakes, deepwater reservoirs, and oceans. The system comprises a cable (2) which is vertically lowered into the water of a deepwater lake, deepwater reservoir, or ocean, and a hydrological probe (4) connected to the lower end of the cable (2). The cable (2) connects a number of submersible floating tanks (3) distributed at varying depth positions, the cable (2) comprising a number of segments, and a cable (2) segment being connected between two vertically adjacent submersible floating tanks (3). The method comprises: fixing the hydrological probe (4) to the endmost cable (2) end, and fixing the other end of the cable (2) on a power ship (1); lowering the hydrological probe (4) into the water until all cable (2) segments are taut, the hydrological probe (4) reaches probing depth, and each glass floating tank (7) also reaches its respective sampling depth; water enters the glass floating tanks (7) and fills buoyancy chambers; and starting a suction pump, and after the hydrological probe (4) finishes working and sampling by the glass floating tanks (7) is complete, pulling the cable (2) up to the ship. The hydrological probe (4) is lowered to a collection depth and simultaneous collection of water samples at various depths is implemented, thus reducing sampling time.

Description

A system and method for collecting hydrological information of deep-water lakes, reservoirs and oceans Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a system and method for collecting hydrological information of deep-water lakes, reservoirs and oceans, and belongs to the technical field of hydrological science. Background Art

[0002] my country, a country rich in water resources, boasts two major rivers, the Yangtze and the Yellow River, over 20,000 lakes, and nearly 20,000 kilometers of coastline. The collection and processing of hydrological information is crucial for river, lake, and coastal management, as well as for the rational utilization of water resources. Improving the accuracy and efficiency of flow velocity and discharge measurements is a key challenge in modern hydrological surveying. River flow velocity, as the most crucial element of hydrological information and the foundation of river flow statistics, has long been a focus of research. Traditional river surveying methods, including ship surveying, bridge surveying, and cableway surveying, measure flow velocity and water depth at several points along a cross-section, obtaining the cross-sectional discharge. These traditional methods suffer from low real-time performance and accuracy, and are labor- and material-intensive. Deep sea areas exceeding 2,000 meters in depth account for 84% of the ocean's surface area. Existing shipborne ADCPs primarily measure hydrographic information at the water surface. They can measure current velocities within a range of 10 meters per second, with an accuracy of 0.5 centimeters per second and a depth range of up to 180 meters. This is primarily achieved using ultrasonic waves. Factors that affect ultrasonic measurement accuracy include temperature, humidity, air pressure, airflow, paint mist, noise, and gas type. This requires robust interference mitigation capabilities to achieve accurate measurements. The frequency of ultrasonic waves also refers to signal strength. Higher frequencies indicate stronger signal strength and greater resistance to environmental interference, resulting in higher velocity measurement accuracy within the effective range. The marine environment is highly complex, characterized by large surface waves and abundant marine life, creating a high potential for interference with the ADCP. Therefore, deepwater hydrographic information acquisition requires strong interference mitigation capabilities and a wide measurement depth. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention discloses a system and method for collecting hydrological information of deep-water lakes, reservoirs and oceans. The specific technical solutions are as follows:

[0004] A deep-water lake reservoir and ocean hydrological information collection system comprises a cable (2) vertically lowered into a deep-water lake reservoir or ocean water body and a hydrological detector (4) connected to the lower end of the cable (2); the cable (2) is connected to a plurality of submersible buoys (3) distributed at positions of different depths;

[0005] The cable (2) comprises several sections, wherein a section of the cable (2) is connected between two upper and lower adjacent submersible buoys (3), the cable (2) connected to the upper end of the uppermost submersible buoy (3) extends to the water surface, and the lower end of the cable (2) connected to the lower end of the lowermost submersible buoy (3) is connected to a hydrographic detector (4) or a gravity anchor (5).

[0006] Furthermore, the submersible buoyancy tank (3) includes a glass buoyancy tank (7), a rubber fixer (8), an air pressure regulating glass tube (9), a water pressure regulating glass tube (10), an air pressure hole (21), a water pressure hole (22), a barrier (23), a movable plug (24) and a one-way water inlet valve (25).

[0007] The air pressure regulating glass tube (9) and the water pressure regulating glass tube (10) are arranged in parallel and axially penetrate the glass float box (7). The rubber fixers (8) are fixed to the outside of both ends of the glass float box (7). Both ends of the air pressure regulating glass tube (9) and the water pressure regulating glass tube (10) penetrate the rubber fixers (8) at the corresponding ends.

[0008] The barrier (23) and the movable plug (24) are arranged inside the glass float box (7); the movable plug (24) blocks the radial cross section of the glass float box (7) and is tightly fitted to the inner wall of the glass float box (7) on all sides; the movable plug (24) divides the internal space of the glass float box (7) into a buoyancy chamber (26) and a sample chamber (27); the air pressure regulating glass tube (9) and the water pressure regulating glass tube (10) pass through the movable plug (24);

[0009] The barrier (23) is fixed to a circle of the inner wall of the glass float tank (7) and is used to limit the position of the movable plug (24);

[0010] The air pressure hole (21) is opened on the air pressure regulating glass tube (9) located in the buoyancy chamber (26), and the water pressure hole (22) is opened on the water pressure regulating glass tube (10) located in the buoyancy chamber (26);

[0011] The one-way water inlet valve (25) is provided on the wall of the sample chamber (27).

[0012] Furthermore, a pontoon protection frame (6) is provided on the outside of the submersible pontoon (3), and the pontoon protection frame (6) is a water-permeable hollow structure with a closed circumference. The glass pontoon (7) is suspended at the center of the pontoon protection frame (6), and buckles (16) are provided on the outside of the upper and lower ends of the pontoon protection frame (6).

[0013] Furthermore, each section of the cable (2) is coaxially provided with an air pressure connecting hose (11), a water pressure connecting hose (12) and an electric energy conducting line (14), the upper end of the uppermost air pressure connecting hose (11) extending to the water surface, and the lower end connected to the air pressure regulating glass tube (9) on the top of the submersible buoyancy tank (3);

[0014] The upper end of the uppermost water pressure connecting hose (12) extends to the water surface and is connected to the water suction pump, and the lower end is connected to the water pressure regulating glass tube (10) on the top of the submersible buoyancy tank (3);

[0015] The upper end of the uppermost power conducting wire (14) extends above the surface and is connected to a power source, and a waterproof wire connector (19) is provided at the lower end.

[0016] Furthermore, the upper and lower ends of the air pressure regulating glass tube (9) / water pressure regulating glass tube (10) in each of the glass float boxes (7) are respectively connected to the air pressure connecting hose (11) / water pressure connecting hose (12) coaxially arranged with the corresponding cable (2).

[0017] Furthermore, the power transmission line (14) is wound around the cable (2), each submersible buoy (3) is provided with a power transmission line (14), and waterproof wire connectors (19) are provided at both ends of the power transmission line (14), and the waterproof wire connectors (19) of the upper and lower adjacent power transmission lines (14) can be matched and connected.

[0018] Furthermore, both ends of each section of the cable (2) are connected to a strong spring hook (15), and the strong spring hook (15) is connected to a buckle (16).

[0019] The method for collecting deep-water lake and ocean hydrological information based on the deep-water lake and ocean hydrological information collection system comprises the following steps:

[0020] Step 1: Assemble the deep-water lake reservoir and ocean hydrological information collection system: select a corresponding number of cables (2) and glass floats (7) according to the underwater information collection depth and the length of each cable (2), connect the cables (2) at both ends of each glass float (7), and connect the waterproof wire connectors (19) at both ends of the glass float (7) to the waterproof wire connectors (19) of the cables (2) at the corresponding ends;

[0021] Connect the buckles (16) at both ends of the buoyancy box protection frame (6) to the strong spring hooks (15) of the corresponding ends of the cable (2);

[0022] The movable plugs (24) in each glass float box (7) are located at the end of the sample chamber (27), so that the sample chamber (27) is in an empty state;

[0023] The air pressure connecting hose (11) and the water pressure connecting hose (12) at the end of each cable (2) are respectively inserted into the rubber fixer (8) at the end of the corresponding glass float (7), and are connected to the air pressure regulating glass tube (9) and the water pressure regulating glass tube (10) in the glass float (7);

[0024] Step 2: Fix the hydrographic detector (4) to the end of the cable (2) at the end, and fix the other end of the cable (2) to the power boat (1);

[0025] Step 3: Lower the hydrographic detector (4) underwater until the cables (2) are straightened, the hydrographic detector (4) reaches the detection depth, and the glass floats (7) reach their respective sampling depths;

[0026] Step 4: Water is introduced into the glass float box (7) to fill the buoyancy chamber (26);

[0027] Step 5: Start the suction pump. When the water pump is turned on to pump water, the movable plug (24) is at the bottom. At this time, the buoyancy chamber is filled with water to the maximum, and the sample chamber is at the minimum. After the water pump is turned on, the water is discharged from the water pressure hole due to the decrease in the pressure of the buoyancy chamber. At this time, the air pressure hole (21) enters the full buoyancy chamber to form bubbles. When the movable plug reaches the blocker, it cannot move due to the obstruction. Water continues to be discharged from the water pressure hole under the action of suction. At this time, the water level line at the position of the water pressure hole drops. Due to the action of gravity, the water level line does not change after reaching the lower limit of the water pressure hole. At this time, the air pressure hole (21) and the water pressure hole (22) are both in a ventilated state. At this time, the buoyancy of the buoyancy chamber is the largest. The water pressure hole is set above the movable plug and close to the edge of the blocker. The purpose is to be able to drain the water in the chamber at this time, the buoyancy is the largest, so that it still has a strong buoyancy under the condition of water flow changes.

[0028] Step 6: After the hydrographic detector (4) has finished working and the glass float (7) has finished sampling, the cable (2) is pulled onto the ship.

[0029] Furthermore, when it is not necessary to collect hydrological information, in order to ensure that the underwater collection system is in a vertical state in the water, a gravity anchor is fixed at the lower end of the cable (2) and the hydrological detector is replaced.

[0030] Furthermore, the ends of the air pressure connecting hose (11) and the water pressure connecting hose (12) are provided with water-stopping air hole plugs (17) and water-stopping water delivery hole plugs (18). When the air pressure connecting hose (11) and the water pressure connecting hose (12) are inserted into the air pressure regulating glass tube (9) and the water pressure regulating glass tube (10) in the rubber holder (8), the water-stopping air hole plugs (17) and the water-stopping water delivery hole plugs (18) seal the plugging parts thereof.

[0031] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0032] The present invention can collect water samples at various depths at the same time, and can simultaneously lower the hydrological detector to the depth to be collected, completing multiple operations simultaneously, which is fast and saves sampling time.

[0033] The underwater sampling of the present invention can set up multiple glass float boxes according to the collection needs. The setting depth and volume of each glass float box can be flexibly set according to the sampling needs to meet various sampling requirements. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] FIG1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention,

[0035] FIG2 is a schematic structural diagram of a submersible buoyancy tank according to the present invention,

[0036] List of reference numerals: 1. Power boat; 2. Cable; 3. Submersible pontoon; 4. Hydrographic detector; 5. Gravity anchor; 6. Float protection frame; 7. Glass pontoon; 8. Rubber fixer; 9. Air pressure regulating glass tube; 10. Water pressure regulating glass tube; 11. Air pressure connecting hose; 12. Water pressure connecting hose; 13. Strong load-bearing nylon rope; 14. Electric energy transmission line; 15. Strong spring hook; 16. Nylon buckle; 17. Water-stopping air hole plug; 18. Water-stopping water supply hole plug; 19. Waterproof wire connector; 20. Float built-in wire; 21. Air pressure hole; 22. Water pressure hole; 23. Barrier; 24. Movable plug; 25. One-way water inlet valve; 26. Buoyancy chamber; 27. Sample chamber. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the following specific embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0038] As can be seen in conjunction with Figures 1-2, the following describes the structural configuration and operating process of this patent, using a vertically arranged glass float 7 with the buoyancy chamber located above the sample chamber as an example. This deep-water lake and ocean hydrological information collection system includes a cable 2 lowered vertically into the deep-water lake or ocean water body and a hydrographic detector 4 connected to the lower end of cable 2. Cable 2 connects to several submersible floats 3 distributed at varying depths. Cable 2 can be made of a high-load-bearing nylon rope 13. During sampling, the upper end of cable 2 is fixed to a powerboat 1 located on the water surface.

[0039] To connect multiple glass pontoons 7, the cable 2 is divided into several sections. A section of cable 2 is connected between two adjacent submersible pontoons 3. The upper end of the top submersible pontoon 3 is connected to the cable 2 that extends above the water surface. The lower end of the cable 2 connected to the lower end of the bottom submersible pontoon 3 is connected to a hydrograph 4 or a gravity anchor 5. When the hydrograph 4 is needed to monitor the underwater environment, it is connected. When it is not needed, the gravity anchor 5 is used as a counterweight to ensure that the glass pontoons 7 and cables 2 remain vertical as a whole, forming the shape shown in Figure 1.

[0040] The following describes the detailed structure of the submersible pontoon 3: It includes a glass pontoon 7, a rubber retainer 8, an air pressure regulating glass tube 9, a water pressure regulating glass tube 10, an air pressure port 21, a water pressure port 22, a barrier 23, a movable stopper 24, and a one-way water inlet valve 25. A pontoon protection frame 6 is located outside the submersible pontoon 3. This is a water-permeable, hollow structure with a closed circumference. The glass pontoon 7 is suspended from the center of the pontoon protection frame 6. Buckles 16 are located on the upper and lower exterior ends of the pontoon protection frame 6. Each cable section 2 is connected to a strong spring hook 15 at each end, which is connected to the buckle 16. The pontoon protection frame 6 protects the glass pontoon 7 from interference during the sampling process, maintaining high precision. It primarily bears the tension of the upper and lower cables. As a non-pressure device, it also blocks interference from solid matter in the water and filters sample impurities, ensuring representative samples collected by the sampling chamber 27. It is primarily made of carbon fiber, a material with high tensile strength and low weight.

[0041] The air pressure regulating glass tube 9 and the water pressure regulating glass tube 10 are arranged in parallel and axially extend through the glass float tank 7. Rubber holders 8 are fixed to the exterior of the glass float tank 7 at both ends. The air pressure regulating glass tube 9 and the water pressure regulating glass tube 10 extend through the rubber holders 8 at their respective ends. The air pressure regulating glass tube 9 and the water pressure regulating glass tube 10 are secured by the rubber holders 8 at their respective ends.

[0042] A barrier 23 and a movable stopper 24 are positioned within the glass float chamber 7. The movable stopper 24 blocks the radial cross-section of the glass float chamber 7 and fits tightly against the inner wall of the glass float chamber 7. The movable stopper 24 divides the interior of the glass float chamber 7 into a buoyancy chamber 26 and a sample chamber 27. The air pressure regulating glass tube 9 and the water pressure regulating glass tube 10 pass through the movable stopper 24. The barrier 23 is fixed to the inner wall of the glass float chamber 7 around a circle and serves to limit the position of the movable stopper 24. An air pressure port 21 is provided in the air pressure regulating glass tube 9 within the buoyancy chamber 26, while a water pressure port 22 is provided in the water pressure regulating glass tube 10 within the buoyancy chamber 26. A one-way water inlet valve 25 is provided on the wall of the sample chamber 27, and in the example shown in FIG2 , is provided at the bottom of the sample chamber.

[0043] The following describes the cable 2 configuration. Each section of cable 2 is coaxially connected to an air pressure connection hose 11, a water pressure connection hose 12, and an electrical power transmission line 14. The upper end of the topmost air pressure connection hose 11 extends above the water surface, and its lower end is connected to the air pressure regulating glass tube 9 at the top of the submersible pontoon 3. The upper end of the topmost water pressure connection hose 12 extends above the water surface and is connected to a water suction pump, while its lower end is connected to the water pressure regulating glass tube 10 at the top of the submersible pontoon 3. The upper end of the topmost electrical power transmission line 14 extends above the water surface and is connected to a power source, while its lower end is provided with a waterproof wire connector 19. The upper and lower ends of the air pressure regulating glass tube 9 / water pressure regulating glass tube 10 in each glass pontoon 7 are connected to the corresponding air pressure connection hose 11 / water pressure connection hose 12 coaxially arranged on the cable 2, respectively. The ends of the air pressure connection hose 11 and water pressure connection hose 12 at the other ends of the cable 2 are designed to be inserted into corresponding rubber holders 8 to achieve a sealed connection. Water-stopping air hole plugs 17 and water-stopping water supply hole plugs 18 are provided on the outside of the ends of the air pressure connecting hose 11 and the water pressure connecting hose 12 for plugging, and the water-stopping air hole plugs 17 and water-stopping water supply hole plugs 18 enhance the connection stability and sealing performance with the corresponding connected rubber fixer 8.

[0044] Power transmission lines 14 are wrapped around cables 2. Each submersible pontoon 3 is equipped with a power transmission line 14. The power transmission lines 14 within the submersible pontoon 3 are also referred to as internal pontoon wiring 20. Waterproof wire connectors 19 are installed at both ends of the power transmission lines 14. The waterproof wire connectors 19 of adjacent power transmission lines 14 can be mated and connected. The power transmission lines 14 wrapped around each cable 2 are connected to the internal pontoon wiring 20 to achieve connection with the hydrographic detector 4.

[0045] In order to clearly demonstrate this patent, the functions of each component involved in this patent are introduced below:

[0046] Power boat 1: This is the power system for the entire hydrological information collection process, including photovoltaic panels, battery packs, ship propulsion, a water suction pump system, and a generator set. The photovoltaic panels use solar energy to generate electricity for the power boat's battery pack during the sampling process. The battery pack powers the ship's propulsion, the hydrographic detector, and other electrical equipment used during the sampling process. During the sample collection process, the water suction pump system connects to the water pressure connection hose 12 to reduce the pressure in the glass float tank 7. The air pressure connection hose 11 balances the buoyancy tank pressure, causing the movable plug 24 to move up to the barrier 23 and remain stationary. After all the water in the buoyancy tank is pumped out and the tank is in an empty state, it floats up. The generator set is mainly used to generate fuel electricity in an emergency when there is no power, allowing the ship's power system and sampling system to operate normally.

[0047] Cable 2: This is the onboard and underwater transmission channel for the hydrographic information collection device. Cable 2 utilizes a strong, load-bearing nylon rope 13, with an electrical power transmission line 14 wrapped around it. Cable 2 also coaxially houses an air pressure connection hose 11 and a water pressure connection hose 12. The air pressure connection hose 11 primarily maintains atmospheric pressure equilibrium in the underwater system, while the water pressure connection hose 12 serves as a channel for pumping water out of the buoyancy chamber 26 during underwater sample collection. The strong, load-bearing nylon rope 13 serves as the force-bearing connection for the underwater collection device. It possesses strong load-bearing capacity and corrosion resistance, capable of withstanding the forces during the collection device's lowering and ascent. The electrical power transmission line 14, acting as a power transmission channel for the onboard battery pack and the underwater hydrographic detector 4, is located on either side of the strong, load-bearing nylon rope 13 and can be wrapped in a simple container or plastic packaging. This ensures that the strong, load-bearing nylon rope 13 is the sole force-bearing rope; other forces cannot serve as force-bearing devices.

[0048] Submersible buoyancy chamber 3: Primarily used to determine the depth of the hydrographic instrument 4 and the depth of sample collection, it maintains a stable and rigid structure during descent and ascent, unaffected by gravity. When submerged to a certain depth, the buoyancy chamber and sample chamber are adjusted to maintain the desired depth.

[0049] Hydrograph 4: This instrument collects hydrological information at a specific depth, including flow velocity, flow rate, topography, sediment, water temperature, and water quality. Powered by the vessel, its sensors operate, enabling accurate in-situ monitoring of hydrological information at a specific depth. Its upper end is connected to a submersible buoy 3, enabling precise in-situ monitoring of hydrological information at a specific depth.

[0050] Gravity anchor 5: When there is no need to collect hydrological information, in order to ensure that the underwater collection device is in a vertical state in the water, when collecting hydrological information, there is no need to hang the gravity anchor and it can be replaced by a hydrological detector 4.

[0051] Float protection frame 6: Protecting the glass float 7 from interference during the collection process, ensuring high-precision operation, it primarily bears the tension of the upper and lower ropes. It is a non-pressure device and blocks interference from solid matter in the water, filtering out sample impurities to ensure representative samples collected by sampling chamber 27. It is primarily made of high-tensile-strength, lightweight carbon fiber.

[0052] Glass float 7: It mainly plays the role of diving and floating for underwater sampling, which is mainly achieved by adjusting the buoyancy chamber 26, the sample chamber 27 and the gas volume in the chamber. The water volume and gas volume of the buoyancy chamber are changed by the water suction pump of the power boat 1 by changing the pressure in the chamber, thereby realizing the positioning and sampling of the closed glass float in the water.

[0053] Rubber fixer 8: mainly used to fix the air pressure regulating glass tube 9 and the water pressure regulating glass tube 10 so as not to move, thereby avoiding direct connection of rigid glass materials, preventing breakage when the movable plug 24 is under stress, increasing the buffer between glass products, and achieving the purpose of the protective device.

[0054] The air pressure regulating glass tube 9 is primarily responsible for balancing the air pressure within the underwater glass float tank 7. This ensures a smooth connection between the atmospheric and underwater pressures when the water pump is pumping water out of the buoyancy chamber 26. Together with the water pressure regulating glass tube 10, it forms the track for the movable plug 24.

[0055] The water pressure regulating glass tube 10 mainly controls the location of hydrological information collection and sample collection by pumping out water from the buoyancy chamber, thereby changing the gas volume in the buoyancy chamber. It also forms the movable track of the movable plug 24 together with the air pressure regulating glass tube 9.

[0056] Air pressure connecting hose 11: As a component structure of the cable 2, its inner and outer tube diameters can withstand deep water pressure without closing. It is connected to the air pressure hole 21. During the process of adjusting the size of the buoyancy tank, the multiple sections of the floating tank can remain connected so that the atmospheric pressure is maintained in the tank and the pump suction works under normal pressure.

[0057] Water pressure connecting hose 12: As a component structure of the cable 2, its inner and outer diameters can withstand deep water pressure and pump suction pressure without closing during pumping. It is connected to the water pressure hole 22. During the process of adjusting the size of the buoyancy tank, the multiple sections of the buoyancy tank can remain connected to suck the water in the tank to the water surface and discharge it, so that the buoyancy generated by the air volume in the tank can reach the hydrological information collection and sample collection position.

[0058] High-load-bearing nylon rope 13: Primarily used to support the stress of the data collection device during diving and surfacing, it is made primarily of lightweight nylon rope, which offers strong corrosion resistance and a high load capacity. The power transmission line 14 is wound around the high-load-bearing nylon rope 13 and, together with the air pressure connecting hose 11 and the water pressure connecting hose 12, forms a high-strength, lightweight cable 2.

[0059] The power transmission line 14 is connected to the battery pack of the power ship and mainly serves as a conductor to supply power to the hydrological detector 4, and does not serve as a load-bearing structure.

[0060] High-strength spring hook 15: The spring hook allows for segmented assembly of the data collection device. Multiple buoyancy chambers can be connected during testing and then disassembled for easy transport and storage. The buoyancy can be dynamically adjusted, allowing for the selection of different numbers of buoyancy chambers to meet data collection requirements at different depths. The spring hook is primarily connected via a spring hook. The spring hook is made primarily of carbon fiber, a material with high tensile strength and lightweight.

[0061] Nylon buckle 16: It is solidly connected to the buoyancy protection frame 6 and is used to connect the strength spring hook 15 and the buoyancy protection frame 6. It has the characteristics of high strength, corrosion resistance, and light weight.

[0062] Waterproof air hole plug 17: Used to connect the air pressure regulating glass tube 9 and the air pressure connecting hose 11, keeping them airtight during operation. It can be manually operated from shore. The longer hole plug easily forms a strong resistance with the glass tube, making the sealing process convenient and quick. It is mainly used for ventilation.

[0063] Water-stopping and water-transfer hole plug 18: Used to connect the water pressure regulating glass tube 10 and the water pressure connecting hose 12, keeping them airtight during operation. It can be manually operated from shore. The longer hole plug easily creates a strong resistance with the glass tube, making the sealing process convenient and quick. It is mainly used for water flow.

[0064] Waterproof wire connector 19: Connects the power transmission line 14 to the internal wires 20 of the pontoon underwater. This highly waterproof connector prevents leakage of exposed wires in water, ensuring smooth power transmission. It is easy to disassemble and store in sections, allowing for a variety of uses based on the number of pontoons in use.

[0065] The built-in wire 20 of the buoyancy box enables electricity to flow between the two adjacent upper and lower sections of the cable to realize the power supply of the hydrological detector 4. It acts as an intermediate conductor and is characterized by being easy to disassemble and store in sections, and is used in combination according to the number of buoyancy boxes used.

[0066] Air pressure hole 21: The function of the air pressure hole is to allow the water in the buoyancy chamber to continue to be discharged from the lower hydraulic hole 22 through the water pressure regulating glass tube 10 when the internal pressure decreases and reaches the barrier during the water pumping process. At this time, the movable plug 24 cannot move. To maintain the air pressure in the glass float tank 7, air enters the buoyancy chamber from the water surface through the air pressure connecting hose 11 until the water in the chamber is discharged to the point where the generated buoyancy reaches the required data collection point. The air pressure hole is located at the top of the buoyancy chamber, primarily due to the low air density. Discharging from the top allows the buoyancy chamber to be connected to the atmosphere when the pressure in the buoyancy chamber decreases slightly, thus balancing the pressure in the chamber with the water surface.

[0067] Hydraulic hole 22: When the suction pump is turned on to pump water, the movable plug 24 is at the bottom. At this time, the buoyancy chamber is filled with water at its maximum and the sample chamber is at its minimum. After the suction pump is turned on, the pressure in the buoyancy chamber decreases, and water is discharged from the hydraulic hole. At this time, air enters the full buoyancy chamber through the air pressure hole 21, forming bubbles. When the movable plug reaches the blocker, it cannot move due to the blockage. Water continues to be discharged from the hydraulic hole under the action of suction. At this time, the water level at the hydraulic hole position drops. Due to the action of gravity, the water level does not change after reaching the lower limit of the hydraulic hole. At this time, the air pressure hole 21 and the hydraulic hole 22 are both in a ventilated state. At this time, the buoyancy of the buoyancy chamber is maximum. The hydraulic hole is set above the movable plug, close to the outer edge of the blocker. The purpose is to drain the water in the chamber to the maximum buoyancy at this time, so that the buoyancy can still be strong under the condition of water flow fluctuation.

[0068] Blocker 23: blocks the movable plug from sliding upward, ensuring that there is still enough buoyancy after sample collection, so that the hydrological information collection equipment and the float box can return to the water surface in time.

[0069] Movable plug 24: Separates the buoyancy chamber and the sample chamber. When the buoyancy chamber is placed underwater, it is filled with water and sinks into the water. After the sample chamber reaches its position, the pressure is reduced by the drainage of the water suction pump, causing the movable plug to move. The single-way water inlet valve below absorbs water under pressure without draining it. The absorbed water is a deep water sample, which is absorbed and separated by the movable plug.

[0070] One-way water inlet valve 25: Under the action of pressure, only water can enter to fill the sample chamber until the movable plug is blocked and the sample is full and no longer discharged.

[0071] Buoyancy chamber 26: The buoyancy is changed by adjusting the volume of gas in the chamber.

[0072] Sample chamber 27: used for storing samples underwater.

[0073] The method for collecting hydrological information of deep-water lakes, reservoirs and oceans includes the following steps:

[0074] Step 1: Assemble the deep-water lake and ocean hydrological information collection system: Select the corresponding number of cables 2 and glass pontoons 7 based on the underwater information collection depth and the length of each cable 2. Connect the two ends of each glass pontoon 7 to the cables 2. Connect the waterproof wire connectors 19 at both ends of the glass pontoon 7 to the waterproof wire connectors 19 of the corresponding cables 2.

[0075] Connect the buckles 16 at both ends of the buoyancy protection frame 6 to the strong spring hooks 15 of the corresponding ends of the cable 2;

[0076] The movable plugs 24 in each glass float tank 7 are located at the end of the sample chamber 27, so that the sample chamber 27 is in an empty state;

[0077] The air pressure connecting hose 11 and the water pressure connecting hose 12 at the end of each cable 2 are respectively inserted into the rubber fixer 8 at the end of the corresponding glass float 7, and connected to the air pressure regulating glass tube 9 and the water pressure regulating glass tube 10 in the glass float 7;

[0078] Step 2: Fix the hydrographic detector 4 to the end of the cable 2 at the end, and fix the other end of the cable 2 to the power vessel 1;

[0079] Step 3: Lower the hydrographic detector 4 into the water until the cables 2 are straightened, the hydrographic detector 4 reaches the detection depth, and the glass floats 7 also reach their respective sampling depths;

[0080] Step 4: Water is introduced into the glass float tank 7, and the water fills the buoyancy chamber 26;

[0081] Step 5: Start the suction pump. When the water suction pump is turned on to pump water, the movable plug 24 is at the bottom. At this time, the buoyancy chamber is filled with water to the maximum, and the sample chamber is at the minimum. After the water suction pump is turned on, the water is discharged from the water pressure hole due to the decrease in the pressure in the buoyancy chamber. At this time, air enters the full buoyancy chamber through the air pressure hole 21 to form bubbles. When the movable plug reaches the blocker, it cannot move due to the obstruction. Water continues to be discharged from the water pressure hole under the action of suction. At this time, the water level line at the position of the water pressure hole drops. Due to the action of gravity, the water level line does not change after reaching the lower limit of the water pressure hole. At this time, the air pressure hole 21 and the water pressure hole 22 are both in a ventilated state. At this time, the buoyancy of the buoyancy chamber is the largest. The water pressure hole is set above the movable plug and close to the edge of the blocker. The purpose is to drain the water in the chamber almost to the maximum at this time, so that it still has strong buoyancy when the water flow changes.

[0082] Step 6: After the hydrographic detector 4 has finished working and the glass float 7 has completed sampling, the cable 2 is pulled onto the ship.

[0083] When there is no need to collect hydrological information, in order to ensure that the underwater collection system is in a vertical state in the water, a gravity anchor is fixed at the lower end of the cable 2 and the hydrological detector is replaced.

Claims

1. A deep-water lake and ocean hydrological information collection system, characterized in that: It comprises a cable (2) lowered vertically into a deep lake or ocean water body and a hydrographic detector (4) connected to the lower end of the cable (2), wherein the cable (2) is connected to a plurality of submersible buoys (3) distributed at positions of different depths; The cable (2) comprises a plurality of sections, wherein a section of the cable (2) is connected between two upper and lower adjacent submersible buoys (3), the cable (2) connected to the upper end of the uppermost submersible buoy (3) extends to the water surface, and the lower end of the cable (2) connected to the lower end of the lowermost submersible buoy (3) is connected to a hydrological detector (4) or a gravity anchor (5).

2. The deep-water lake and ocean hydrological information collection system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The submersible buoyancy box (3) comprises a glass buoyancy box (7), a rubber fixer (8), an air pressure regulating glass tube (9), a water pressure regulating glass tube (10), an air pressure hole (21), a water pressure hole (22), a barrier (23), a movable plug (24) and a one-way water inlet valve (25). The air pressure regulating glass tube (9) and the water pressure regulating glass tube (10) are arranged in parallel and axially penetrate the glass float box (7); the rubber fixers (8) are fixed to the outside of both ends of the glass float box (7); both ends of the air pressure regulating glass tube (9) and the water pressure regulating glass tube (10) penetrate the rubber fixers (8) at the corresponding ends; The barrier (23) and the movable plug (24) are arranged inside the glass float box (7); the movable plug (24) blocks the radial cross section of the glass float box (7) and is tightly fitted to the inner wall of the glass float box (7) on all sides; the movable plug (24) divides the internal space of the glass float box (7) into a buoyancy chamber (26) and a sample chamber (27); the air pressure regulating glass tube (9) and the water pressure regulating glass tube (10) pass through the movable plug (24); The barrier (23) is fixed to a circle of the inner wall of the glass float box (7) and is used to limit the position of the movable plug (24); The air pressure hole (21) is opened on the air pressure regulating glass tube (9) located in the buoyancy chamber (26), and the water pressure hole (22) is opened on the water pressure regulating glass tube (10) located in the buoyancy chamber (26); The one-way water inlet valve (25) is disposed on the wall of the sample chamber (27).

3. The deep-water lake and ocean hydrological information collection system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A pontoon protection frame (6) is arranged outside the submersible pontoon (3); the pontoon protection frame (6) is a water-permeable hollow structure with a circumference that is closed up and down; the glass pontoon (7) is suspended at the center of the pontoon protection frame (6); buckles (16) are arranged outside the upper and lower ends of the pontoon protection frame (6).

4. The deep-water lake and ocean hydrological information collection system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Each section of the cable (2) is coaxially provided with an air pressure connecting hose (11), a water pressure connecting hose (12) and an electric energy conducting line (14); the upper end of the uppermost air pressure connecting hose (11) extends to the water surface, and the lower end is connected to the air pressure regulating glass tube (9) at the top of the submersible buoy (3); The upper end of the uppermost water pressure connecting hose (12) extends to the water surface and is connected to a water suction pump, and the lower end is connected to a water pressure regulating glass tube (10) at the top of the submersible buoyancy tank (3); The upper end of the uppermost electric energy conducting wire (14) extends above the surface and is connected to a power source, and a waterproof wire connector (19) is provided at the lower end.

5. The deep-water lake and ocean hydrological information collection system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The upper and lower ends of the air pressure regulating glass tube (9) / water pressure regulating glass tube (10) in each glass float box (7) are respectively connected to the air pressure connecting hose (11) / water pressure connecting hose (12) coaxially arranged on the corresponding cable (2).

6. The deep-water lake and ocean hydrological information collection system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The electric energy transmission line (14) is wound around the cable (2), each submersible buoy (3) is provided with an electric energy transmission line (14), both ends of the electric energy transmission line (14) are provided with waterproof wire connectors (19), and the waterproof wire connectors (19) of the upper and lower adjacent electric energy transmission lines (14) can be matched and connected.

7. The deep-water lake and ocean hydrological information collection system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Both ends of each section of the cable (2) are connected to a strong spring hook (15), and the strong spring hook (15) is connected to a buckle (16).

8. A method for collecting deep-water lake and ocean hydrological information based on the deep-water lake and ocean hydrological information collection system according to claims 1-7, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Assembling a deep-water lake and ocean hydrological information collection system: According to the underwater information collection depth and the length of each section of the cable (2), select a corresponding number of cables (2) and glass floats (7), connect both ends of each glass float (7) with cables (2), and connect the waterproof wire connectors (19) at both ends of the glass float (7) to the waterproof wire connectors (19) of the cables (2) at the corresponding ends; Connect the buckles (16) at both ends of the buoyancy box protection frame (6) to the strong spring hooks (15) of the cable (2) at the corresponding ends; The movable plugs (24) in each glass float box (7) are located at the end of the sample chamber (27), so that the sample chamber (27) is in an empty state; The air pressure connecting hose (11) and the water pressure connecting hose (12) at the end of each cable (2) are respectively inserted into the rubber fixing device (8) at the end of the corresponding glass float (7) to be connected with the air pressure regulating glass tube (9) and the water pressure regulating glass tube (10) in the glass float (7); Step 2: Fix the hydrographic detector (4) to the end of the cable (2) at the end, and fix the other end of the cable (2) to the power boat (1); Step 3: lowering the hydrographic detector (4) into the water until each section of the cable (2) is stretched straight, the hydrographic detector (4) reaches the detection depth, and each glass float box (7) reaches its respective sampling depth; Step 4: water is introduced into the glass float box (7) to fill the buoyancy chamber (26); Step 5: Start the suction pump. When the suction pump is turned on to pump water, the movable plug (24) is located at the bottom. At this time, the buoyancy chamber is filled with water to the maximum, and the sample chamber is filled with water to the minimum. After the suction pump is turned on, the water is discharged from the water pressure hole due to the decrease in the pressure of the buoyancy chamber. At this time, the air pressure hole (21) enters the full buoyancy chamber to form bubbles. When the movable plug reaches the blocker, the movable plug cannot move due to the obstruction. Water continues to be discharged from the water pressure hole under the action of suction. At this time, the water level line at the position of the water pressure hole drops. Because the water level line does not change after reaching the lower limit of the water pressure hole under the action of gravity, the air pressure hole (21) and the water pressure hole (22) are both in a ventilated state. At this time, the buoyancy of the buoyancy chamber is the maximum. The water pressure hole is set above the movable plug and close to the edge of the blocker. The purpose is to be able to drain the water in the chamber at this time. The buoyancy is maximum, so that it still has strong buoyancy under the condition of water flow changes; Step 6: After the hydrographic detector (4) has finished working and the glass float (7) has completed sampling, the cable (2) is pulled onto the ship.

9. The deep-water lake reservoir and ocean hydrological information collection system according to claim 8 is characterized in that: When it is not necessary to collect hydrological information, in order to ensure that the underwater collection system is in a vertical state in the water, a gravity anchor is fixed to the lower end of the cable (2) and the hydrological detector (4) is replaced.

10. The deep-water lake and ocean hydrological information collection system according to claim 8, characterized in that: The ends of the air pressure connecting hose (11) and the water pressure connecting hose (12) are provided with water-stopping air hole plugs (17) and water-stopping water delivery hole plugs (18) on the outside. When the air pressure connecting hose (11) and the water pressure connecting hose (12) are inserted into the air pressure regulating glass tube (9) and the water pressure regulating glass tube (10) in the rubber fixer (8), the water-stopping air hole plugs (17) and the water-stopping water delivery hole plugs (18) seal the plugging parts thereof.

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