Evacuation ladder for silo

Abstract

To provide an evacuation ladder for a shelter which enables safe and rapid evacuation to the shelter and has excellent space utilization efficiency. [Solution] The escape ladder 1 is arranged in the room 100a of the shelter housing 100, and has a slide section 10, a ladder body section 20, a stop section 30, and a rotary damper 50 (rotation load section). When the door body 150 closes the opening 140, the ladder body section 20 is in a state perpendicular to the floor 110. Also, when the door body 150 is rotated in a direction in which the opening 140 is opened by operating the power cylinder 40, the stop section 30 contacts a protruding section 125 provided on the side wall 120, thereby preventing the door body 150 from opening. Meanwhile, the ladder body section 20 is inclined at a predetermined inclination angle with respect to the floor 110, and the tip 21 is close to the floor 110. That is, as soon as the door body 150 opens the opening 140, the escape ladder 1 is in a state in which it is possible to evacuate to the room 100a.

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to an escape ladder for a shelter that can be deployed in synchronization with the opening of a single-leaf door body and that can prevent the door body from rotating at the same time as it is deployed. [Background technology]

[0002] In the Great East Japan Earthquake, many people lost their lives due to a huge tsunami. In order to protect oneself from such a huge tsunami, one of the effective disaster prevention measures is to quickly evacuate to higher ground before the tsunami hits. However, if a triple earthquake occurs in the Tokai, Tonankai, and Nankai regions, it is predicted that there will be areas where a 30m high tsunami will hit just 5 minutes after the earthquake. Evacuating to higher ground in such a short time is extremely difficult for small children, the elderly, and people with disabilities. Even if people evacuate to an evacuation building, the current situation is that even climbing high stairs is difficult.

[0003] As a countermeasure when a tsunami or tsunami fire is predicted, it is possible to evacuate to an underground or semi-underground shelter installed close to one's home, such as in one's own garden. By evacuating to an underground or semi-underground shelter as soon as an earthquake occurs and escaping after the tsunami has passed, people can be protected from tsunami disasters. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0004] [Patent Document 1] JP 2014-98297 A Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0005] However, doors for underground and semi-underground shelters must be sturdy to withstand the force of tsunami waves and the impact of drifting debris. This means that opening and closing the doors requires a lot of effort. In particular, single-leaf doors attached to the ceiling of the shelter must be kept open during evacuation, but it is possible that strong winds or earthquakes may make it difficult to keep the doors open. In addition, ladders or stairs must be used to evacuate from the openings. For example, when using a ladder, it is necessary to set it up at the opening in a short time. Also, providing stairs reduces the efficiency of space utilization.

[0006] The present invention has been made with attention to these problems, and aims to provide an evacuation ladder for a shelter that allows safe and quick evacuation to a shelter and has excellent space utilization efficiency.

[0007] The invention for solving the above problems is an evacuation ladder for a shelter, comprising a sliding section rotatably connected to a door body, a ladder main body slidably connected to the sliding section, and a stopper section having one end rotatably connected to a side wall of the shelter housing and the other end rotatably connected to an end of the ladder main body, wherein the door body has a single-opening door structure that opens and closes an opening in the ceiling of the shelter housing, and the stopper section comes into contact with a protrusion section provided on the side wall, thereby stopping the rotation of the door body in the direction of opening the opening.

[0008] With this configuration, an evacuation ladder for evacuating to the shelter can be installed at the same time as the door is opened. Also, the stopping part comes into contact with the protruding part provided on the side wall to stop the door body from rotating in the direction to open the opening, so the door body can be kept open in a predetermined position without using any special device.

[0009] Preferably, when the restraining portion restrains the rotation of the door body, the center of gravity of the door body faces the opening across the rotation central axis of the door body.

[0010] According to this configuration, when the door body is in the open state and its rotation is stopped by the stopper, the center of gravity of the door body faces the opening across the central axis of the door body's rotation, so the door body is in a state where it tends to rotate in the direction to constantly open the opening. This allows the door body to stably maintain the opening in an open state.

[0011] Preferably, the device is characterized by comprising a rotation load portion for applying a load to the rotation of the stopping portion.

[0012] According to this configuration, since a rotation load section is provided for applying a load to the rotation of the restraining section, irregular displacement movement of the ladder main body section can be suppressed.

[0013] Preferably, when the sliding between the slide portion and the ladder main body portion is prevented from sliding, the rotation load portion allows the restraining portion to rotate.

[0014] According to this configuration, when the sliding between the slide section and the ladder main body section is prevented from sliding, the rotating load section allows the stopping section to rotate, so that the time when the stopping section starts to rotate can be determined uniquely and stably.

[0015] Preferably, the restraining portion has a fitting portion that fits into a recess provided in the protruding portion, and a bent portion that bends from an end of the fitting portion toward the floor of the shelter housing.

[0016] The restraining part has a fitting part that fits into a recess provided in the protruding part, so that the protruding part fits into the recess, thereby restricting the displacement movement of the restraining part. Also, since the restraining part has a bent part that bends from the end of the fitting part toward the floor of the shelter housing, the inclination angle of the ladder main body part can be appropriately set by appropriately selecting the angle between the bent part and the fitting part and the length of the bent part. For example, the inclination angle of the ladder main body can be set to an angle that makes it easy for evacuees to evacuate.

[0017] Preferably, the recess extends in a direction in which the protruding portion protrudes.

[0018] According to this configuration, the recess extends in the direction in which the protruding portion protrudes, so that when an evacuee uses the shelter evacuation ladder to evacuate, lateral shaking of the ladder main body can be suppressed.

[0019] Preferably, when the door closes the opening, the ladder body is in a position perpendicular to the floor.

[0020] With this configuration, when the door body closes the opening, the ladder body is perpendicular to the floor, making it possible to effectively utilize the space within the shelter. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0021] [Figure 1] 1A is a side view of the door body with the opening open, FIG. 1B is a front view of the door body with the opening open, and FIG. 1C is a front view of the door body with the opening closed. [Diagram 2] A partial oblique view explaining the relationship between the slide portion and the ladder main body portion. [Diagram 3] FIG. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0022] Hereinafter, an embodiment of an evacuation ladder for a shelter 1 (hereinafter referred to as the evacuation ladder 1) of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to Figs.

[0023] As shown in Fig. 1(a), (b), and (c), the escape ladder 1 is disposed in the room 100a of the shelter housing 100, and has a slide section 10, a ladder body section 20, a stop section 30, and a rotary damper 50 (rotation load section). When the door body 150 closes the opening 140, the ladder body section 20 is in a state perpendicular to the floor 110. When the power cylinder 40 is operated to rotate the door body 150 in a direction in which the opening 140 is opened, the stop section 30 comes into contact with the protruding section 125 provided on the side wall 120. This prevents the door body 150 from opening. Meanwhile, the ladder body section 20 is inclined at a predetermined inclination angle with respect to the floor 110, and the tip 21 is close to the floor 110. That is, as soon as the door body 150 opens the opening 140, the escape ladder 1 is in a state in which it is possible to evacuate to the room 100a.

[0024] The shelter housing 100 is a roughly rectangular parallelepiped housing having a floor 110, side walls 120, and a ceiling 130. Almost all of the housing is buried underground, constituting a so-called underground shelter. The type of shelter is not limited to this, and it may be a semi-underground shelter, in which roughly half of the shelter is buried underground.

[0025] The floor 110, side walls 120, and ceiling 130 are made of reinforced concrete, and in this embodiment, the structural thickness is exemplified as 30 cm. The thickness of the floor 110, side walls 120, and ceiling 130 is preferably at least 20 cm or more, and more preferably 50 cm or more. The structural thickness may be determined appropriately taking into consideration the radiation shielding performance considered necessary for safe evacuation in the event of a nuclear or tsunami disaster, and the external force applied to the shelter housing 100.

[0026] The ceiling 130 is provided with an opening 140, which opens and closes by pivoting a single-wing door body 150. The size of the opening 140 is preferably set to a size that allows evacuation into the room 100a using the evacuation ladder 1. It is preferable that the widths of the opening 140 in the first direction D1 and the second direction D2 are at least wide enough to allow evacuees to easily evacuate along the ladder body 20.

[0027] The single-opening door body 150 is rotatably connected to the ceiling 130 via the door hinge 151. The piston part 41 of the power cylinder 40 is rotatably connected to the lower surface 150L of the door body 150. The main body part of the power cylinder 40 is rotatably connected to the side wall 120. By operating the power cylinder 40 to extend the piston part 41, the door body 150 rotates from the floor 110 to the ceiling 130 around the door hinge 151. By shortening the piston part 41, the door body 150 rotates from the ceiling 130 to the floor 110 around the door hinge 151. The door rotation axis R1 of the door body 150 is a central axis when the door body 150 rotates, and in this embodiment, it is set to be parallel to the second direction D2 in a plan view.

[0028] The opening 140 is a rectangular hole in a plan view. An end facing surface 145 that faces the rotating end 155 of the door body 150 is inclined. This inclination is provided to prevent the rotating end 155 of the door body 150 from interfering with the end facing surface 145 when the door body 150 rotates. The other three surfaces except for the end facing surface 145 are not inclined and are vertical surfaces.

[0029] The sliding portion 10 is rotatably connected at its tip to the door body 150 via a sliding portion hinge 12. Also, in a state where it is inserted into the ladder body portion 20, it is connected to the ladder body portion 20 so as to be able to slide.

[0030] The ladder body 20 is slidably connected to the slide part 10, and the tip 21 is rotatably connected to the tip 35a of the stopper part 30 via the tip hinge 22. When the opening 140 is closed by the door body 150, the ladder body 20 is perpendicular to the floor 110. Also, it is disposed parallel to the side wall 120 on which the protrusion 125 is provided.

[0031] The stopping portion 30 has a fitting portion 31 and a bent portion 35. The fitting portion 31 is rotatably connected to the side wall 120 via a rotary damper 50. The bent portion 35 is bent from the end of the fitting portion 31 toward the floor 110, and a tip 35a is rotatably connected to the tip 21 of the ladder body portion 20.

[0032] 2, the ladder main body 20 has a typical ladder structure in which the step 23 is sandwiched between the posts 22. The post 22 is a roughly rectangular tubular member with a slit S on the surface opposite to the surface to which the step 23 is connected, and a stopper 25 is attached to the end on the side closest to the door body 150. The stopper 25 partially covers the slit S.

[0033] The slide section 10 is a rectangular cylindrical member, a portion of which is inserted into the ladder body section 20, with a first protrusion 11 attached to the end section close to the door body 150 and a second protrusion 12 attached at a position overlapping with the support post 22. The first protrusion 11 and the second protrusion 12 are disposed opposite each other with a stopper 25 in between.

[0034] The load for the rotary damper 50 to suppress the rotation of the stopping part 30 is set to be larger than the force required to displace the sliding part 10 and the ladder body part 20. As the door body 150 rotates, both the movement displacement of the sliding part 10 and the rotation displacement of the stopping part 30 may occur simultaneously, or either one of them may occur irregularly, but by setting the damping force of the rotary damper 50 as described above, the behavior can be determined uniquely. Specifically, the first convex part 11 or the second convex part 12 attached to the sliding part 10 comes into contact with the stopper 25 attached to the ladder body part 20 to suppress the movement displacement of the sliding part 10 and the ladder body part 20, and then the stopping part 30 rotates.

[0035] The protruding portion 125 is a cross beam that protrudes from the side wall 120 in a direction parallel to the floor 110, and has a recess 126 on its lower surface 125a that can fit with the fitting portion 31 (see FIG. 3). The recess 126 extends in the same direction as the fitting portion 31 extends. It is preferable to provide shelves (not shown) above and below the protruding portion 125 for storing emergency food and first aid supplies. This allows for efficient space utilization in the room 100a.

[0036] The behavior of the evacuation ladder 1 will be described with reference to Fig. 1. When the door body 150 closes the opening 140, the ladder body 20 is perpendicular to the floor 110. The first protrusion 11 is in contact with the stopper 25. This prevents the sliding part 10 from moving toward the floor 110.

[0037] The power cylinder 40 is operated to rotate the door body 150 in the direction in which the opening 140 opens. With this rotation of the door body 150, the slide part 10 moves and displaces inside the support pillar 22 toward the door body 150. Meanwhile, the rotation of the stopping part 30 is restricted by the rotary damper 50, and the stopping part 30 remains stationary.

[0038] As the rotation of the door body 150 continues, the sliding portion 10 moves and displaces toward the door body 150, and the second protrusion 12 comes into contact with the stopper 25. This prevents the sliding portion 10 from moving and displacing toward the door body 150. As the rotation of the door body 150 continues, the stopping portion 30 starts to rotate toward the protrusion 125.

[0039] The engagement portion 31 fits into the recess 126, thereby stopping the rotation of the door body 150. The engagement portion 31 fits into the recess 126, thereby firmly connecting the stopping portion 30 to the protruding portion 125. This allows the tip 21 of the ladder body 20 connected to the stopping portion 30 to maintain a stationary position without lateral shaking.

[0040] When the fitting portion 31 fits into the recess 126 and the rotation of the door body 150 stops, the center of gravity G of the door body 150 faces the opening 140 across the central axis of rotation of the door body 150. In other words, a moment acts on the door body 150 in a direction to open the opening 140, and the door body 150 tries to rotate in the direction to open the opening 140, but the rotation is stopped by the fitting portion 31 fitting into the recess 126. In other words, it is possible to prevent the door body 150 from closing the opening 140 due to an external force acting unexpectedly due to some factor, under certain conditions.

[0041] When the fitting portion 31 fits into the recess 126, one end of the ladder body 20 connects to the door body 150 via the slide portion 10, and the other end connects to the side wall 120 via the stopper portion 30. In other words, both ends of the ladder body 20 are supported by some means, so that the ladder body 20 itself is prevented from swinging. This allows evacuees to safely ascend and descend using the ladder body 20.

[0042] When the power cylinder 40 is operated to rotate the door body 150 and close the opening 140, the sliding part 10 moves and displaces toward the floor 110 in accordance with the rotation of the door body 150. On the other hand, the rotation of the stopping part 30 is restricted by the rotary damper 50, and the fitting part 31 maintains the state of being fitted into the recess 126.

[0043] As the door body 150 continues to rotate, the sliding portion 10 moves toward the floor 110, and the first protrusion 11 comes into contact with the stopper 25. This prevents the sliding portion 10 from moving toward the floor 110. As the door body 150 continues to rotate, the engagement between the fitting portion 31 and the recess 126 is released, and the stopping portion 30 starts to rotate toward the floor 110.

[0044] When the door body 150 is further rotated to close the opening 140, the ladder main body 20 is stopped in a position perpendicular to the floor 110.

[0045] This embodiment is merely an example, and may be modified without departing from the technical spirit of the present invention. For example, the rotation load unit may be a cylinder damper. In this case, one end of the cylinder damper may be rotatably connected to the side wall 120 and the other end to the stopper unit 30. [Industrial Applicability]

[0046] The use of the evacuation ladder according to the present invention makes safe evacuation easier and can greatly contribute to the spread of underground shelters, and thus has great industrial applicability. [Explanation of symbols]

[0047] 1:Evacuation ladder 10: Slide section 20:Ladder body part 21: Tip 25: Stopper 30: Stopping part 31: Fitting part 35: Bend 50: Rotary damper (rotating load part) 100: Shelter unit 110:Floor 120: Side wall 125: Protruding part 126: Recess 130: Ceiling 140: Opening 150: Door body R1: Rotation axis G: Center of gravity

Claims

1. A slide portion rotatably connected to the door body; A ladder body portion slidably connected to the slide portion; A stopper part having one end rotatably connected to the side wall of the shelter housing and the other end rotatably connected to the end of the ladder body part, The door body has a single-opening door structure that opens and closes an opening provided in the ceiling of the shelter housing, An evacuation ladder for a shelter, characterized in that the stopping portion stops the rotation of the door body in a direction to open the opening by contacting a protrusion provided on the side wall.

2. An evacuation ladder for a shelter as described in claim 1, characterized in that when the restraining portion restrains the rotation of the door body, the center of gravity of the door body faces the opening across the central axis of rotation of the door body.

3. An escape ladder for a shelter as described in claim 1, characterized in that it is provided with a rotational load portion for applying a load to the rotation of the restraining portion.

4. An evacuation ladder for a shelter as described in claim 3, characterized in that when sliding between the slide portion and the ladder main body portion is prevented, the rotation load portion allows the rotation of the restraining portion.

5. An evacuation ladder for a shelter as described in claim 1, characterized in that the restraining portion has an engaging portion that engages with a recess provided in the protruding portion, and a bending portion that bends from the end of the engaging portion toward the floor of the shelter housing.

6. The evacuation ladder for a shelter according to claim 5, characterized in that the recess extends in a direction in which the protruding portion protrudes.

7. 6. The evacuation ladder for a shelter according to claim 5, wherein when the door body closes the opening, the ladder body is in a state perpendicular to the floor.

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