Plant House Structure

Abstract

To provide a plant house structure capable of protecting plants from heat and cold and steadily supplying fresh air with zero energy. [Solution] A plant greenhouse structure 1 has a vinyl interior material 2, an exterior material 3, an air ventilation layer 4 formed between them, and a side wall air intake 5A and a gable wall air intake 6A formed in the exterior material 3. An intake and exhaust port 7 is formed at the top of the vinyl interior material 2, and a first air ventilation opening and closing device 9 is attached to the outside of a first exhaust port 8 formed at the top of the exterior material 3 to adjust the amount of air passing through the air ventilation layer 4. Air taken in from the side wall air intake 5A rises through the air ventilation layer 4, and some of the taken in air flows into the vinyl interior material 2 through the intake and exhaust port 7. The remainder of the taken in air is discharged from the exterior material 3 through the first air ventilation opening and closing device 9. A second air ventilation opening and closing device 12 is attached to a second exhaust port formed on the upper side of the gable wall 6. Air from the gable wall air intake 6A rises through the air ventilation layer 4 and is discharged from the second air ventilation opening and closing device 12 to the outside of the exterior material 3.

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] To provide a plant greenhouse in which the quality and productivity of plants are improved and a significant energy saving system is constructed by utilizing sunlight to perform photosynthesis, protecting plants from heat and cold, and supplying air containing carbon dioxide stably throughout the year into the greenhouse with zero energy. [Background technology]

[0002] Although the production of plants using vinyl greenhouses has been used for a long time, as the temperature rises, the internal temperature rises, and the plants become damaged by high temperatures, causing them to wilt and die, resulting in a decline in production. Some agricultural greenhouses use heat-shielding materials instead of vinyl to protect against the heat and conserve energy (for example, Patent Document 1).

[0003] The agricultural greenhouse described in Patent Document 1 is configured by covering the greenhouse with a heat-shielding material in which a first resin layer that is colored and has a high transmittance to radiant heat, a first metal foil that has a high reflectance to radiant heat, a first adhesive layer, and a resin film are laminated in this order from the sunlight incident side. The heat-shielding material is provided in the agricultural greenhouse so that the first metal foil that has a high reflectance to radiant heat faces the outdoor side, and reflects radiant heat from sunlight, efficiently preventing the radiant heat from penetrating into the interior of the agricultural greenhouse, and preventing a rapid rise in the temperature inside the agricultural greenhouse. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0004] [Patent Document 1] JP 2019-103465 A (Japan Heat Shield Application) Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0005] Originally, vinyl greenhouses were designed to separate the cultivation environment from external weather conditions, eliminate natural elements such as wind and rain, and reduce temperature fluctuations, allowing crops to be grown throughout the year. However, temperatures have risen rapidly in recent years, and when temperatures exceed 30°C, high-temperature damage occurs, causing plants to wilt and die, resulting in a significant drop in productivity. Some greenhouses are used with sunshade nets, but this is not a sufficient measure.

[0006] As in the invention of Patent Document 1, some plant greenhouses use heat-shielding sheets made of aluminum foil instead of vinyl to protect against heat and save energy. When using heat-shielding sheets made of aluminum foil instead of vinyl, the radiant heat from the sun is completely blocked, so plants cannot photosynthesize. Therefore, such plant greenhouses use LEDs instead of sunlight, but they do not use various wavelengths like sunlight, so it cannot be said that they are fully satisfactory. Also, if the entire plant greenhouse is covered with a heat-shielding sheet, the thermal energy from the sun is lost, and the cost of heat-retention energy increases accordingly.

[0007] The present invention has been invented to solve these problems, and aims to provide a plant greenhouse structure that can protect plants from heat and cold and supply fresh air stably and with zero energy. [Means for solving the problem]

[0008] The plant greenhouse structure according to the present invention is a double-layered structure having a vinyl interior material, an exterior material provided on the outside of the vinyl interior material, a ventilation layer formed between the vinyl interior material and the exterior material, a side wall air intake formed on the underside of the exterior material constituting the side wall and communicating with the ventilation layer, and a gable wall air intake formed on the underside of the exterior material constituting the gable wall and communicating with the ventilation layer, and an opening is formed on the top of the vinyl interior material for air to flow in and out, and a first ventilation opening is formed on the outside of a first exhaust opening formed on the top of the exterior material to adjust the amount of air flowing through the ventilation layer. The closing device is installed while covered with a cover material, the air taken in from the side wall air intake rises up the ventilation layer, some of the taken in air flows into the inside of the vinyl interior material through the opening, and the remainder of the taken in air is discharged to the outside of the exterior material through the exhaust port and the first ventilation opening / closing device, a second ventilation opening / closing device for adjusting the amount of air flowing through the ventilation layer is installed in a second exhaust port formed on the upper side of the gable wall, and the air taken in from the gable wall air intake rises up the ventilation layer and is discharged to the outside of the exterior material through the second ventilation opening / closing device and the second exhaust port.

[0009] The plant house structure of the present invention is characterized in that the first ventilation opening / closing device and the second ventilation opening / closing device have a base material having a plurality of base material openings, an opening / closing member that can move in the direction in which the base material openings are formed, and a spring member that is connected to the opening / closing member and made of a shape memory alloy, and the spring member senses the temperature inside the ventilation layer or the temperature inside the vinyl interior material and contracts, thereby opening and closing the base material openings.

[0010] The plant house structure according to the present invention is characterized in that the exterior material is made of a heat-shielding material using aluminum foil or a vinyl sheet material.

[0011] The plant greenhouse structure of the present invention is characterized in that the exterior material is a sheet material in which vinyl sheets and heat-shielding materials using aluminum foil are alternately joined together, or a vinyl sheet material with heat-shielding materials using aluminum foil attached to the inside, and the area of ​​the heat-shielding material varies depending on the type of plant being produced.

[0012] The plant greenhouse structure according to the present invention is characterized in that the exterior material is a thin solar panel with a heat shielding material attached to the inside. Effect of the Invention

[0013] In the plant greenhouse structure of the present invention, air taken in from the side wall air intake rises through the ventilation layer, some of which flows into the interior of the vinyl interior material through the opening, and the remaining air is discharged to the outside of the exterior material through the exhaust port and the first ventilation opening and closing device. This system can automatically supply carbon dioxide necessary for plant growth. Therefore, there is no need to open or close the plant greenhouse during the day, and labor is greatly reduced.

[0014] The plant greenhouse structure of the present invention is a zero-energy system that uses heat shielding material made of aluminum foil, air, and a ventilation opening and closing device made of shape memory alloy. It is a groundbreaking structure that does not only use energy, but also eliminates human labor, and the construction method for constructing this plant greenhouse structure is a groundbreaking construction method.

[0015] In the plant greenhouse structure of the present invention, a heat-shielding material is used, which makes it possible to utilize the ultra-fast movement speed of radiant heat, thereby significantly equalizing the room temperature inside the greenhouse, and stabilizing the quality of the plants being grown and greatly improving productivity. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0016] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a plant house (with an air layer integrated from the wall to the roof) according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Diagram 2] FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a plant house according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Diagram 3] 1 is a diagram showing a ventilation opening and closing device constituting a plant house structure according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. [Figure 4] 1A and 1B are diagrams for explaining the opening and closing of a ventilation opening and closing device constituting a plant greenhouse structure according to an embodiment of the present invention, in which (a) shows a closed state and (b) shows an open state. [Diagram 5]1A and 1B are diagrams showing exterior materials used in a plant house structure according to an embodiment of the present invention, in which (a) shows a sheet material in which vinyl sheets and heat-shielding material made of aluminum foil are alternately joined together, a vinyl sheet material with a heat-shielding material made of aluminum foil attached to the inside, and (b) shows a vinyl sheet material with a heat-shielding material made of aluminum foil attached to the inside. [Figure 6] FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining the movement of air within a ventilation layer formed on the indoor side of an exterior material having a heat-shielding material attached to the inside of a vinyl sheet material in a plant greenhouse structure according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 7] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a plant house constructed using exterior materials having different ratios of heat-shielding material in a plant house structure according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 8] FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of another example of a plant house (in which an air layer is integrated from the wall to the roof) according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0017] The best mode for carrying out the present invention will now be described. By isolating the inside and outside of the greenhouse with vinyl, the greenhouse can reduce the impact of external weather conditions, enable earlier harvesting, and reduce damage from pests, among other benefits, and demand for greenhouses has increased.

[0018] In recent years, the temperature has risen sharply due to the effects of global warming, and the temperature inside vinyl greenhouses has also risen sharply in the summer, leading to an increase in damage caused by high temperatures to agricultural produce. To deal with this, shading nets are hung on the outside of vinyl greenhouses to block sunlight, but this has only a small effect and has not been a fundamental improvement. This means that plants placed in an environment of 35°C will not be affected that much even if the environment becomes 32°C.

[0019] In recent years, some greenhouses have been using heat-shielding sheets instead of vinyl greenhouse materials. However, when using heat-shielding sheets made of aluminum foil, it is not possible to take in the sunlight, which is the most important factor in promoting photosynthesis in plants. Therefore, although LEDs and other lighting are becoming more and more popular, there are cases where some plants cannot secure enough light for growth.

[0020] On the other hand, if a vinyl greenhouse is used in a sealed state, it is not possible to take in enough air from the outside, which can cause a problem of a shortage of carbon dioxide, which is necessary for photosynthesis. To address this issue, some greenhouses are opened and closed to artificially supply air, but this requires a lot of maintenance work. There is also a method of supplying carbon dioxide produced in the greenhouse, but this increases costs.

[0021] Furthermore, in order to improve plant productivity, it is necessary to keep the indoor environment constant regardless of day or night, and for this reason, temperature control inside the greenhouse is also an important issue. With the recent large increase in electricity prices, there is a demand for greenhouses with high energy-saving performance.

[0022] As shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, the plant house structure 1 according to the present invention is a double structure having a vinyl interior material 2, an exterior material 3 provided on the outside of the vinyl interior material 2, a ventilation layer 4 formed between the vinyl interior material 2 and the exterior material 3, a side wall air intake 5A formed on the underside of the exterior material 3 constituting the side wall 5 of the plant house 100 and communicating with the ventilation layer 4, and a gable wall air intake 6A formed on the underside of the exterior material 3 constituting the gable wall 6 of the plant house 100 and communicating with the ventilation layer 4. In this plant house structure 1, an opening 7 for air to flow in and out is formed on the top of the vinyl interior material 2, and a first ventilation opening and closing device 9 for adjusting the ventilation amount of air flowing through the ventilation layer 4 is attached to the outside of a first exhaust port 8 formed on the top of the exterior material 3 while being covered with a cover material (ridge cover material) 10. The air taken in from the side wall air intake 5A rises in the ventilation layer 4, and part of the air flows into the interior of the vinyl interior material 2 through the opening 7, while the rest of the air is discharged to the outside of the exterior material 3 through the first exhaust port 8 and the first ventilation opening / closing device 9 (Fig. 1). A second ventilation opening / closing device 12 that adjusts the amount of air flowing through the ventilation layer 4 is attached to the second exhaust port 11 formed on the upper side of the gable wall 6, and the air taken in from the gable wall air intake 6A rises in the ventilation layer 4 and is discharged to the outside of the exterior material 3 through the second ventilation opening / closing device 12 and the second exhaust port 11. Fig. 2 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of Fig. 7.

[0023] The plant greenhouse structure 1 according to the present invention is constructed as a double-structured vinyl greenhouse in which a vinyl exterior material (vinyl exterior material) 3 of the same shape is provided on the outside of a vinyl greenhouse (vinyl interior material) 2 such as a mountain-shaped or roof-shaped greenhouse, with a space of about 100 mm between them. This space not only takes in air to adjust the temperature inside the greenhouse to suit plant production, but also plays an important role as a ventilation layer 4 that transports carbon dioxide necessary for photosynthesis. An opening 7 of about 300 mm is provided at the top of the vinyl interior material 2 to take in fresh air carried from the ventilation layer 4 and conversely to exhaust unnecessary air inside the vinyl greenhouse, and a first exhaust port 8 of about 200 mm is formed at the top of the vinyl exterior material 3 to exhaust excess air. A first ventilation opening and closing device 9 that determines the amount of air exhausted from inside the plant greenhouse 100 is installed on one or both sides of the first exhaust port 8 at the top of the vinyl exterior material 3 on the outdoor side. A cover material 10 is provided on the top of the first ventilation opening and closing device 9 as a wind and rain protection and sealing measure.

[0024] The construction of the plant greenhouse structure 1 according to the present invention can be adapted to greenhouses of various shapes as long as they are double-structured vinyl greenhouses, but the positions and opening areas of the side wall air intake 5A and the first exhaust 8 formed in the vinyl exterior material 3 are changed depending on the type. For example, in the case of a mountain-shaped greenhouse in which the ventilation layer 4 is integrated from near the ground to the roof top, the side wall air intake 5A is in the vinyl exterior material 3 near the ground, and the first exhaust 8 is in the ridge. In the case of a roof-type greenhouse having the ventilation layer 4 in the roof, the air intake 16 is provided near the lower end of the ventilation layer 4, and the first exhaust 8 is formed in the ridge. On the other hand, when the ventilation layer 4 is provided in a vertical part such as the gable wall 6, the gable wall air intake 6A is formed in the vinyl exterior material 3 near the ground, and the exhaust vent is also formed near the eaves of the vinyl exterior material 3.

[0025] What is important for the double-structure vinyl greenhouse (plant greenhouse) 100 is the ventilation layer 4 formed between the vinyl exterior material 3 and the vinyl interior material 2 .

[0026] The first plays the role of adjusting the temperature inside the plant house 100. In summer or when it is hot, heat moves from the outside to the inside. On the other hand, in winter or when it is cold, heat moves from the inside to the outside. That is, heat is supplied to the ventilation layer 4 from either the outside or the inside throughout the year, so the air in the ventilation layer 4 absorbs this heat, and the narrow ventilation layer 4 is constantly rising due to the draft effect. The first ventilation opening and closing device 9 adjusts the air flow in the ventilation layer 4. When installed on the top of the vinyl exterior material 3, this first ventilation opening and closing device 9 detects the temperature inside the plant house 100 and adjusts the amount of air discharged from the plant house 100, thereby controlling the temperature inside the entire plant house 100.

[0027] On the other hand, when used in a vertical portion such as the gable wall 6, the second ventilation opening / closing device 12 senses the temperature in the ventilation layer 4 and opens and closes to control the heat entering and leaving the plant house 100 through the wall surface. The first ventilation opening / closing device 9 and the second ventilation opening / closing device 12 are designed so that the shape memory alloy spring 24 senses the temperature of each portion and fully closes when the temperature is 18°C ​​and fully opens when the temperature is 28°C. Therefore, in summer or when the temperature is high, ventilation is performed to exhaust heat from the outdoors, making the room a cool environment. On the other hand, in winter or when the temperature is low, ventilation stops and the air becomes an insulating layer, keeping the room warm. In other words, the ventilation layer 4 is both a heat exhaust layer and an insulating layer.

[0028] The second is a stable supply of carbon dioxide. In the case of the ventilation layer 4 integrated from the wall surface toward the top of the house or the ventilation layer 4 provided on the roof, the air taken in from the roof air intake 17 flows toward the top of the plant house 100, where it plays an important role. Fresh air rises through this ventilation layer 4 and is supplied to the room through the opening (intake and exhaust opening) 7 at the ridge, and at the same time, it also steadily supplies carbon dioxide necessary for photosynthesis. Carbon dioxide is heavy, weighing 1.5 times as much as air, so it rises along the vinyl interior material 2, which is the indoor part of the ventilation layer 4. An opening 7 is formed at the top of the vinyl interior material 2, and air containing a lot of carbon dioxide falls from this opening 7 into the plant house 100 and remains at the bottom of the plant house 100. Naturally, air with less carbon dioxide inside the plant house 100 becomes lighter and rises, and is discharged to the outside through the first ventilation opening and closing device 9 installed at the top of the vinyl exterior material 3. In other words, the ventilation layer 4 is also a stable supply layer that supplies carbon dioxide to the plant house 100.

[0029] The first ventilation opening / closing device 9 and the second ventilation opening / closing device 12 used in the plant house structure 1 of the present invention, as shown in Figure 3, have a first sliding plate (base material) 22 having a plurality of openings (base material openings) 21, a second sliding plate (opening / closing member) 23 that can move in the direction in which the openings 21 of the first sliding plate 22 are formed, and a spring 24 connected to the second sliding plate 23 and made of a shape memory alloy, and the spring 24 senses the temperature inside the ventilation layer 4 or the temperature inside the vinyl interior material 2 and expands and contracts to open and close the openings 21.

[0030] The first ventilation opening / closing device 9 is approximately 60 mm high and 1 m wide, and is made of two overlapping first and second sliding plates 22 and 23 each having an opening 21 of the same shape, which are opened and closed by the expansion and contraction of a spring 24 made of a shape memory alloy made of a Ni-Ti material. The main body of the first ventilation opening / closing device 9 is made of an aluminum alloy. The opening 21 is configured to be fully closed at an outside temperature of 18°C ​​and fully open at an outside temperature of 28°C. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 4(a), when the temperature reaches a predetermined temperature, the spring 24 expands, the second sliding plate 23 moves to the right in the left-right direction X, and the opening 21 is closed by the second sliding plate 23, resulting in a closed state. On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 4(b), when the temperature reaches a predetermined temperature, the spring 24 contracts, and the second sliding plate 23 moves to the left in the left-right direction X, opening the opening 21 and resulting in an open state. By utilizing this property, the opening 21 is opened and closed to adjust the inflow and outflow of air in the ventilation layer 4, and as a result, the amount of air flowing through the ventilation layer 4 is adjusted. The basic configuration of the second ventilation opening and closing device 12 of this embodiment is similar to that of the first ventilation opening and closing device 9, and the size and the like are appropriately determined depending on the installation position and purpose.

[0031] The first ventilation opening / closing device 9 and the second ventilation opening / closing device 12 operate 24 hours a day, 365 days a year, following changes in room temperature inside the plant greenhouse 100, so they work very hard. To confirm their durability, they were operated 10,000 times in an artificially accelerated repeated operation durability test. If they were operated once a day, this would amount to roughly 27 years of operation testing. Furthermore, because they do not operate in cold weather below 18°C, they are considered to have a durability of more than 30 years.

[0032] In the plant greenhouse structure 1 according to the present invention, the exterior material 3 can also be composed of a heat shielding material 15 using aluminum foil or a vinyl sheet material.

[0033] Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 5, the plant house structure 1 of the present invention can be constructed with an exterior material (sheet material) 3 in which vinyl sheets 3A and heat-shielding materials 15 made of aluminum foil are alternately joined together (FIG. 5(a)), or with an exterior material 3 in which heat-shielding materials 15 made of aluminum foil are attached to the inside of a vinyl sheet 3A (FIG. 5(b)), and the area of ​​the heat-shielding material 15 varies depending on the type of plant produced.

[0034] The recent rapid rise in temperature has made it difficult to lower the room temperature with just the double-layered structure of a vinyl greenhouse that transmits sunlight. It is also known that heat shielding materials using aluminum foil are effective in blocking the radiant heat from the sun.

[0035] Therefore, the temperature inside the room is stabilized by using a heat shielding material 15 made of aluminum foil as part of the vinyl exterior material 3 that is applied to the outside of the vinyl interior material 2. The heat shielding material 15 made of aluminum foil has the ability to block radiant heat from the outside into the room in summer, lowering the room temperature, and in winter, block radiant heat from the inside of the room toward the outside, thereby keeping the room warm.

[0036] However, if the entire surface of the greenhouse is covered with the heat shielding material 15, it becomes impossible to obtain the sunlight necessary for photosynthesis. Therefore, by using the heat shielding material 15 using aluminum foil as part of the vinyl exterior material 3, plants can be produced efficiently. In this case, as shown in Figs. 6(a) and (b), the ventilation layer 4 is formed on the indoor side, which is the radiation side of the heat shielding material 15 using aluminum foil, so that the low radiation performance of the heat shielding material 15 can be utilized as it is in summer, and it is possible to significantly lower the temperature inside the plant greenhouse 100. For example, if a heat shielding material 15 with a reflectance of 88% is used, the amount of radiant heat radiated to the indoor side is only 12%, which shows that the effect is great.

[0037] On the other hand, in winter, 88% of the radiant heat from the inside of the room to the outside is reflected and returned to the inside of the plant house 100, so that the temperature inside the plant house 100 is prevented from dropping. In the plant house structure 1 according to the present invention, since the purpose is photosynthesis, the heat shielding material 15 is not used on the entire surface, but the way in which it is used is very important. For example, as shown in FIG. 7, the vinyl exterior material 3 and the heat shielding material 15 are used intermittently at 1m intervals on the surface into which sunlight necessary for photosynthesis penetrates (except the north surface), and the time when sunlight penetrates is clearly separated from the time when it is in the shade. This allows the plants to alternate between shady and sunny environments, and they do not wilt or die. On the other hand, it is preferable that the north surface of the plant house 100 is not related to photosynthesis, and is covered entirely with the heat shielding material 15 as a measure against the cold in winter.

[0038] Because the heat shielding material 15 made of aluminum foil is expensive, it can also be used by partially attaching the heat shielding material 15 to the inside of the vinyl sheet 3A. In other words, the exterior material 3 is a combination of the vinyl sheet 3A and the heat shielding material 15. This protects the heat shielding material 15 from damage caused by flying debris from outside and from hail damage, which is a great advantage in the long run. In this case, as in the former case, the proportion of the heat shielding material 15 used can be changed according to the type of plant being grown, taking into account the area that will receive sunlight.

[0039] In the plant greenhouse structure 1 according to the present invention, the heat shielding material 15 using aluminum foil has a purity of 99.5% and a reflectance of 88% or more. Since the plant greenhouse 100 is installed outdoors, if a heat shielding material 15 with a shiny surface is used, sunlight will be reflected to the surroundings, which may not only damage the eyes of people but also cause problems for rescue helicopters in the event of an emergency disaster. Therefore, the heat shielding material 15 is made of aluminum foil with a diffuse reflection material applied to the surface facing the outdoors.

[0040] The plant house structure 1 according to the present invention can also use a thin solar panel (not shown) with a heat shielding material 15 attached to the inside as the exterior material 3. The exterior material 3 made of the thin solar panel with the heat shielding material 15 attached is used for part of the plant house 100, and for the rest, an exterior material 3 made of, for example, vinyl is used.

[0041] As mentioned above, the temperature inside the plant greenhouse (vinyl greenhouse) 100 is basically stabilized by the intake and exhaust system using the heat shielding material 15, but in the unlikely event that the temperature cannot be stabilized, a power source is required to operate the air conditioner, indoor lighting, various production equipment, etc. To secure the energy for this power source, solar panels (not shown) are used.

[0042] In the plant house 100 according to the present invention, a heat shielding material 15 is attached to the indoor side of a thin solar panel that can be bent as a whole, and is used as a substitute for the exterior material 3. Not only can the low radiation performance of the heat shielding material 15 be utilized as is, but it also promotes the shading effect of the solar panel, making it possible to make the plant house 100 more efficient for growing plants. Furthermore, since the solar panel is rigid, it can greatly contribute to improving the overall strength of the plant house 100 constructed with an iron frame.

[0043] The present invention will now be described in detail. In order to grow plants in the plant house 100, it is necessary to maintain an appropriate temperature inside the plant house 100, and to provide air containing carbon dioxide, water, nutrients, etc. The plant house structure 1 according to the present invention maintains an appropriate temperature inside the plant house 100 and supplies air containing carbon dioxide without using energy. The biggest problem is how to naturally achieve two contradictory requirements at the same time: taking in sunlight with a large amount of heat into the plant house 100 to perform photosynthesis, while controlling the temperature inside the plant house so that the plants do not wilt or die.

[0044] The plant house structure 1 will be described in detail below, including its overall structure. The plant house structure 1 according to the present invention is a double-structure house in which a vinyl exterior material 3 of the same shape is provided on the outside of a vinyl interior material 2, which is a vinyl house such as a mountain-shaped or roof-shaped house, with a space of about 100 mm. The space between the vinyl interior material 2 and the vinyl exterior material 3 is an air-permeable layer 4, which works to exhaust heat at high temperatures, while at low temperatures it becomes an air insulation layer and improves heat retention. In addition, it also serves as a supply passage for carbon dioxide necessary for photosynthesis, since fresh air from the outdoors is taken into the plant house 100 through the air-permeable layer 4. At the top of the vinyl interior material 2, an opening (intake and exhaust port) 7 is formed to take in fresh air carried from the air-permeable layer 4 into the plant house 100 and conversely exhaust unnecessary air from within the plant house 100. This opening 7 is about 300 mm. In addition, a first exhaust port 8 is provided at the top of the vinyl exterior material 3 provided above it to exhaust excess air. This first exhaust port 8 is about 200 mm.

[0045] The plant greenhouse structure 1 of the present invention can be constructed in various shapes of greenhouses as long as they are double-structured vinyl greenhouses, but the positions and opening areas of the air intake and exhaust ports formed in the vinyl exterior material 3 are changed depending on the type. For example, in the case of a mountain-shaped greenhouse in which the ventilation layer 4 is integrated from near the ground to the top of the roof, the side wall air intake 5A is the vinyl exterior material 3 near the ground, and the first exhaust port 8 is the exhaust port at the ridge. In this case, air taken in from the side wall air intake 5A rises in the ventilation layer 4, and some of the taken in air flows into the plant greenhouse 100 from the opening (intake and exhaust port) 7 of the vinyl interior material 2, and the rest of the taken in air passes through the first exhaust port 8 of the vinyl exterior material 3 and is discharged to the outdoors from the first ventilation opening and closing device 9.

[0046] On the other hand, in the case of the ventilation layer 4 formed in the vertical portion of the gable wall 6, the air intake 6A is in the vinyl exterior material 3 near the ground, and the second exhaust outlet 11 is also near the eaves of the vinyl exterior material 3. In this case, the air taken in from the air intake 6A for the purpose of regulating the temperature inside the plant greenhouse 100 rises in the ventilation layer 4 and is discharged to the outdoors through the second ventilation opening and closing device 12 and the second exhaust outlet 11 in the vinyl exterior material 3.

[0047] The first ventilation opening / closing device 9 and the second ventilation opening / closing device 12 using shape memory alloys are installed on the ridge top of the exterior material, and one or two rows are used depending on the size of the greenhouse, and open and close by sensing the temperature inside the plant greenhouse 100. The first ventilation opening / closing device 9 and the second ventilation opening / closing device 12 used in the present invention are fully closed at an air temperature of 18°C, and open and close at an air temperature of 28°C. During the daytime when the air temperature is high, the first ventilation opening / closing device 9 and the second ventilation opening / closing device 12 are in the open state, and the air inside the ventilation layer 4 is exhausted from inside the plant greenhouse 100 to the outdoors. On the other hand, as the room temperature drops towards the evening, they gradually close, and at 18°C ​​they are fully closed and ventilation stops.

[0048] Since the sunlight in the morning is irradiated directly from the side onto the plant house 100, the temperature inside the plant house 100 rises in a short time and ventilation starts again. In the case of a plant house 100 in which the wall and roof ventilation layers 4 are separated, the air layer on the wall surface is intended to stabilize the temperature inside the room, and the air layer on the roof surface plays the same role as the ventilation layer 4 of the wall-roof integrated type described above. The wall surface is formed with a gable wall air intake 6A near the ground of the vinyl exterior material 3, a second exhaust port 11 is provided in the eaves, a second ventilation opening and closing device 12 using a shape memory alloy is installed above the second exhaust port 11, and an exhaust port is further formed in the vinyl exterior material 3 in the eaves above that. The air taken in from the gable wall air intake 6A rises up the wall and is discharged to the outdoors via the second ventilation opening and closing device 12 and further via the second exhaust port 11. The second ventilation opening and closing device 12 senses the temperature in the ventilation layer 4 and operates. When the temperature is below 18° C., ventilation stops completely and the room enters a heat-retaining state, and the ventilation layer 4 becomes an air insulating layer to keep the room warm.

[0049] The provision of the ventilation layer 4 serves two purposes. The first is a stable supply of carbon dioxide. The air is always heated from the outside in summer or high temperatures, and from the inside in winter or cold weather, and the structure allows the air to rise by buoyancy. In the case of an integrated ventilation layer 4 from the wall to the roof, as shown in FIG. 8, an air intake 5A is provided near the ground of the vinyl exterior material 3 to take in air, and fresh air containing a lot of carbon dioxide rises through the ventilation layer 4 from this air intake 5A, passes through the first exhaust port 8 at the ridge, and is discharged to the outdoors from the first ventilation opening and closing device 9 using a shape memory alloy. At this time, light air rises due to buoyancy in the part close to the vinyl exterior material 3 in the ventilation layer 4, and heavy air containing carbon dioxide rises on the vinyl interior material 2 side at the same time. Then, when it reaches the opening (intake and exhaust port) 7 at the top of the vinyl interior material 2, the heavy air containing carbon dioxide flows into the room and remains at the bottom of the house. Then, the light air in the plant house 100 is discharged from the opening 7 at the ridge as if it is being pushed out of the plant house 100.

[0050] Meanwhile, the light air in the ventilation layer 4 is discharged to the outdoors through the first exhaust port 8 of the vinyl exterior material 3 and the first ventilation opening and closing device 9 using a shape memory alloy. In this way, a sufficient amount of carbon dioxide is constantly supplied to the interior of the plant greenhouse 100. By forming the ventilation layer 4, a system is constructed that constantly and stably supplies fresh air rich in carbon dioxide with zero energy.

[0051] The second is stabilization of the temperature inside the plant house 100. In summer or when the temperature is high, heat moves from the outdoors to the inside of the plant house 100. At that time, some of the radiant heat from the outdoors penetrates, but some is absorbed by the vinyl exterior material 3 and the vinyl interior material 2. This absorbed heat is transferred to the air in the ventilation layer 4 and discharged to the outdoors in the form of convection heat. In winter or when the temperature is low, the heat inside the plant house 100 moves to the outdoors, but when the temperature inside the ventilation layer 4 reaches 18°C, the shape memory alloy temperature detectors used in the first ventilation opening / closing device 9 and the second ventilation opening / closing device 12 react and the ventilation is stopped, and the air becomes an insulating layer. In this way, when the temperature is high during the day, the ventilation amount in the ventilation layer 4 increases to prevent heat from entering the room, and when the temperature drops toward night, it quickly changes to an insulating layer of air to keep the room warm. This function continues 24 hours a day, 365 days a year, so the environment inside the plant house 100 can be very stable.

[0052] If the double-layered structure of the plant house (vinyl house) 100 is too much heat entering the room, a heat shielding material 15 using aluminum foil is used as part of the exterior material. The amount of sunlight required for photosynthesis of plants can be taken in according to the plant's needs, and the rest can be blocked by the heat shielding material 15 using aluminum foil, making it possible to prevent excessive heat from entering the plant house 100. When the heat shielding material 15 is used as the exterior material 3, the strength of heat entry can be adjusted by alternating between the vinyl sheet 3A and the heat shielding material 15. For example, if the temperature of the ground that penetrates the vinyl house is 35°C, the part where the heat shielding material 15 is used will be about 25°C, and the difference in heat received by the plant will be very large. The main cause of the wilting and withering of plants is the imbalance between the absorption of water from the ground and the release from the leaves, etc., and these problems can be solved by giving the plant a rest, which ensures that the temperature drops. Moreover, since the room temperature is the same within the same plant house 100, this temperature difference is caused by radiant heat, and such results cannot be achieved without the heat shielding material 15. Different plants require different amounts of sunlight for photosynthesis, and if a plant requires 4 to 5 hours of sunlight, for example, the heat shielding material 15 can be used for roughly half of the vinyl exterior material 3. On the other hand, the use of the heat shielding material 15 can also save energy by improving heat retention in winter.

[0053] Another advantage is that the heat-shielding material 15 efficiently reflects radiant heat, which travels at an ultra-high speed of 300,000 kilometers per second, improving the uniformity of room temperature, resulting in stabilization of quality and even improving the productivity of the plants in the plant house 100.

[0054] When using the plant house 100 for a long period of time, problems such as flying debris and hail damage must be considered. In such a case, the entire exterior material 3 can be covered with inexpensive vinyl greenhouse material, and the heat shielding material 15 can be attached to the inside of the room as much as necessary, forming a double exterior sheet structure. In this way, the plant house 100 constructed with the plant house structure 1 of the present invention is capable of photosynthesis using sunlight and improving the indoor environment at the same time, and is a groundbreaking product that can be carried out with zero energy, and can certainly cope with the rise in temperature caused by global warming.

[0055] Separately, to secure electricity for the various facilities used in the plant house 100, such as the power source, lighting fixtures, and auxiliary heating and cooling equipment, a material with heat shielding material 15 applied to the indoor side of a thin, bendable solar panel can be used as an alternative to the exterior material 3. Not only can the low radiation performance of the heat shielding material 15 be utilized as is, but it also promotes the shading effect of the solar panels, leading to an improvement in the indoor environment. In this way, electricity is no longer required for most of the production equipment, making the plant house 100 a further contribution to global warming countermeasures.

[0056] As described above, photosynthetic cultivation using sunlight must solve the conflicting problems of taking in the greatest amount of heat, that is, sunlight, into the room while improving the environment inside the plant greenhouse 100. The key points are as follows.

[0057] First: Photosynthesis using sunlight (1) Capture sunlight: Use a vinyl greenhouse (2) Natural supply of carbon dioxide: Double-layered ventilation layer Second: Prevent wilting and withering (1) Use of intermittent solar radiation: Use of heat-shielding materials Third: Stabilizing the indoor temperature environment (1) Adjustment of total solar radiation: Use of heat shielding (2) Room temperature stabilization: Ventilation opening and closing device (shape memory alloy) Fourth: Increased productivity (1) Uniform indoor temperature: Heat shielding materials (environment using ultra-high speed radiant heat)

[0058] Based on these results, the ideal plant greenhouse should have the following configuration: (1) The entire building is made of a double-layered structure with a ventilation layer, and a ventilation opening and closing device is used to control the room temperature 24 hours a day using zero energy. (2) Heat-insulating materials are installed on the entire north-facing side and other areas where direct sunlight cannot be received, preventing conductive heat from outdoors in the summer and creating a cool environment, and preventing radiant heat from indoors in the winter and improving thermal insulation. (3) On surfaces that receive direct sunlight, alternate layers of vinyl and heat-shielding material should be applied to give the plants a chance to rest and prevent them from wilting. (4) In the heat-shielding areas where direct sunlight enters, solar panels with heat insulation are used to ensure electricity usage and increase the strength of the greenhouse structure.

[0059] [Test 1] Three boxes were made from 15mm square timber with external dimensions of 9cm length, 15cm width, and 20cm height. Two of the boxes were box A, which was completely surrounded by vinyl greenhouses, and the remaining one was box B, which was surrounded by vinyl on the front and three sides. Using these boxes, the first test specimen was placed with box B attached to the front and box A attached to the back. The second test specimen was only box A, which was completely sealed. These two test specimens were placed in front of a 1Kw far-infrared heater, both of which were 5cm above the floor and the front was at the same position from the heater. The second test specimen was a normal vinyl greenhouse, but the first test specimen was a box with open top and bottom on the heater side and a sealed box behind it, which was a double-structured greenhouse with a 9cm ventilation layer on the outside of a normal vinyl box. Furthermore, a thermo recorder was placed in the center of both test specimens, and the heater temperature was gradually increased in this state.

[0060] The results are shown in Tables 1 and 2.

[0061] [Table 1-1] [Table 1-2] [Table 1-3]

[0062] [Table 2]

[0063] [Consideration 1] The temperature of the second test specimen, which is designed to simulate a normal vinyl greenhouse, is considered to be within the growth range of plants typically grown in vinyl greenhouses, and the final temperature was set at approximately 30°C. In this test, when the temperature of the second test specimen was 30.1°C, the temperature of the first test specimen, which has an air layer, was 25.6°C, a difference of 4.5°C. In other words, it can be seen that just having an air layer of 9cm can lower the temperature by 4.5°C.

[0064] [Test 2] Three boxes were made from 15mm square timber with external dimensions of 9cm length, 15cm width, and 20cm height. Two of the boxes were box A, which was completely surrounded by vinyl greenhouses, and the remaining box was box B, which was surrounded by vinyl on the front and three sides. Using these boxes, the first test specimen was fitted with box B on the front and box A on the back. The second test specimen was only box A, which was completely sealed. These two test specimens were placed in front of a 1Kw far-infrared heater, both 5cm above the floor, and the front was at the same position from the heater. The second test specimen was a normal vinyl greenhouse, but the first test specimen was a box with open top and bottom on the heater side and a sealed box behind it, which was a double-structure greenhouse with a 9cm ventilation layer on the outside of a normal vinyl box. In this case, the heat-shielding material THB-SOW2 was applied to half of the front of the first test specimen to investigate the temperature change inside the box when the amount of radiant heat irradiation was reduced by 50%. A thermorecorder was placed in the center of both test specimens, and the heater temperature was gradually increased in this state.

[0065] Results 2 are shown in Tables 3 and 4.

[0066] [Table 3-1] [Table 3-2] [Table 3-3]

[0067] [Table 4]

[0068] [Consideration 2] (1) When the second test specimen was 29.9°C, the first test specimen was 22.2°C, the difference being 7.7°C. (2) It is clear that the temperature inside the greenhouse can be adjusted by the amount of heat-shielding applied to the surface of the greenhouse.

[0069] Although the present embodiment has been described above, it is possible to select from the configurations given in the above embodiment, or to change to other configurations as appropriate, without departing from the spirit of the present invention. [Explanation of symbols]

[0070] 1. Plant House Structure 2. Vinyl interior materials 3 Exterior material (vinyl exterior material) 3A Vinyl Sheet 4. Ventilation layer 5 side wall 5A Side wall intake (intake) 6 Gable wall 6A Gable wall air intake (air intake) 7 Openings (intake and exhaust vents) 8 First exhaust port (exhaust port) 9 First ventilation opening and closing device 10 Covering material (ridge covering material) 11 Second exhaust port (exhaust port) 12 Second ventilation opening and closing device 15 Heat shield material 16 Air Intake 17 Roof air intake 21 Opening (base material opening) 22 First slide plate (base material) 23 Second slide plate (opening / closing member) 24 Spring 100 Plant House A1 Cold air A2 Hot air X Left / right direction

Claims

1. A double-layered plant greenhouse structure having a vinyl interior material, an exterior material provided on the outside of the vinyl interior material, an air vent formed between the vinyl interior material and the exterior material, a side wall air intake formed on the underside of the exterior material constituting a side wall and communicating with the air vent, and a gable wall air intake formed on the underside of the exterior material constituting a gable wall and communicating with the air vent, An opening is formed at the top of the vinyl interior material to allow air to flow in and out, A first ventilation opening / closing device for adjusting the amount of air flowing through the ventilation layer is attached to the outside of a first exhaust port formed at the top of the exterior material while being covered with a cover material, and air taken in from the side wall air intake port rises through the ventilation layer, a portion of the taken in air flows into the inside of the vinyl interior material through the opening, and the remainder of the taken in air is discharged to the outside of the exterior material through the first exhaust port and the first ventilation opening / closing device, A second ventilation opening / closing device that adjusts the amount of air flowing through the ventilation layer is attached to a second exhaust port formed on the upper side of the gable wall, and air taken in from the gable wall air intake port rises through the ventilation layer and is discharged to the outside of the exterior material through the second ventilation opening / closing device and the second exhaust port. A plant house structure characterized by:

2. The first ventilation opening / closing device and the second ventilation opening / closing device each include a base material having a plurality of base material openings, an opening / closing member movable in a direction in which the base material openings are formed, and a spring member connected to the opening / closing member and made of a shape memory alloy; The spring member senses the temperature in the ventilation layer or the temperature inside the vinyl interior material and contracts to open and close the base material opening. The plant house structure according to claim 1 .

3. The exterior material is composed of a heat-shielding material using aluminum foil or a vinyl sheet material.

3. The plant house structure according to claim 1 or 2.

4. The exterior material is a sheet material in which vinyl sheets and heat-shielding materials using aluminum foil are alternately joined together, or a vinyl sheet material to which a heat-shielding material using aluminum foil is attached on the inside, The area of ​​the heat shielding material varies depending on the type of plant produced.

3. The plant house structure according to claim 1 or 2.

5. The exterior material is a thin solar panel with a heat shielding material attached to the inside.

3. The plant house structure according to claim 1 or 2.

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