VATARI APPEARANCE ADJUSTMENT SYSTEM, VATARI APPEARANCE ADJUSTMENT METHOD, AND VATARI APPEARANCE ADJUSTMENT PROGRAM

Abstract

The appearance of the avatar is adjusted according to a stage image displayed as a background image of the avatar. [Solution] The avatar appearance adjustment system comprises an avatar generation unit 1 that generates an avatar, an avatar configuration analysis unit 2 that analyzes the components of the avatar, a period setting analysis unit 6 that analyzes the period setting of the stage video in the service in which the avatar is used, a location setting analysis unit 7 that analyzes the location setting of the stage video, a color tone analysis unit 9 that analyzes the color tones of the stage video, a component extraction unit 10 that extracts avatar components that do not match the analysis results of the period setting analysis unit 6 and the location setting analysis unit 7 as out-of-setting components, a component replacement unit 11 that replaces the extracted avatar components with components that match the period setting and location setting, a color tone conversion unit 13 that converts the color tone of the avatar in accordance with the analysis results of the color tone analysis unit 9, and a component memory unit 14 that stores avatar components to be replaced by the component replacement unit 11.

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to an avatar that is intended for use in multiple services and is composed of multiple components, and to a technology for adjusting the appearance of the avatar depending on the content of a stage image displayed as the background image of the avatar in each service. [Background technology]

[0002] In recent years, with the improvement of the processing power of electronic computers such as computers, many 2D and 3D computer graphics are being used in IT services such as games and SNS (Social Networking Services). In these services, not only are icons and avatars that imitate fictional characters used, but there are also increasing cases of using unique avatars that are based on the characteristics of real people such as users and are somewhat abstractly represented, depending on the characteristics of the users. This is expected to have the effect of improving the user's sense of immersion in the game world, for example, by having a protagonist made of an avatar that represents the user's characteristics fight against an enemy character in a game, and by using an avatar that abstractly represents the user as an icon representing the user in an SNS, it is expected to have the effect of promoting interaction between users in a virtual space in a similar way to the real world.

[0003] Patent documents 1 and 2 each disclose a technology that uses an avatar that resembles the actual appearance of the player or a co-player in a computer game that uses a head-mounted display to present a virtual space. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0004] [Patent Document 1] JP 2019-012509 A [Patent Document 2] JP 2019-139673 A Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0005] On the other hand, games, SNS, and other services in which avatars are used may have various worldviews, such as a setting in Japan 100 years ago or medieval Europe 1000 years ago. In addition, the design of each service may be, for example, a monotone design or a sepia design for a nostalgic effect. If users were to prepare an avatar for each service in order to avoid the discomfort caused by their avatar not matching the worldview of the service, this would be a heavy burden on the users. On the other hand, from the perspective of avoiding the burden on users, using the same avatar in various services with different worldviews and designs would be inappropriate, as it would undermine the benefits of using an avatar, such as the effect of improving the user's immersion.

[0006] The present invention has been made in consideration of the above-mentioned problems, and aims to provide a technology for an avatar that is intended for use in multiple services and is composed of multiple components, which adjusts the appearance of the avatar according to the content of the stage video displayed as the background video of the avatar in each service, thereby preventing a decrease in the user's sense of immersion, etc. [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the avatar appearance adjustment system of claim 1 is an avatar appearance adjustment system which is intended for use in a plurality of services and which adjusts the appearance of an avatar composed of a plurality of components in accordance with the content of a stage image displayed as a background image of the avatar in each service, and is characterized in that it comprises a stage setting determination means which extracts objects placed in the stage image and determines the era setting and location setting of the stage image based on stage setting information, which is information regarding the era and place in which the extracted objects actually existed, a component extraction means which extracts out-of-setting components from the components of the avatar, which are components having an appearance that is inconsistent with at least one of the era setting and location setting of the stage image determined by the stage setting determination means, and a component replacement means which replaces the out-of-setting components extracted by the component extraction means with components having an appearance that is consistent with the era setting and location setting of the stage image.

[0008] In order to achieve the above object, the avatar appearance adjustment system according to claim 2 in the above invention comprises: a color tone information acquisition means for acquiring color tone information which is information regarding color tones used in the stage image; a color tone range information generation means for estimating an allowable color tone range which is a range of color tones allowable for use in the stage image based on a regularity of color tone distribution in the color tone information acquired by the color tone information acquisition means, and generating color tone range information which is information regarding the allowable color tone range; an out-of-range color tone extraction means for extracting an out-of-range color tone portion which is a portion of the avatar having an appearance of a color tone outside the allowable color tone range; Out of range The present invention is characterized in that it further comprises a color tone replacement means for replacing a color tone that does not belong to the allowable color tone range in the out-of-range color tone portion extracted by the color tone extraction means with a color tone that belongs to the allowable color tone range.

[0009] In addition, in order to achieve the above object, the avatar appearance adjustment system of claim 3 is characterized in that, in the above invention, the component extraction means extracts a decorative part that is decoration applied to the face of the avatar as the non-setting component when the decorative part is inconsistent with at least one of the time setting and the place setting, and the component replacement means removes the decorative part extracted by the component extraction means from the avatar and attaches a decorative part that is consistent with the time setting and the place setting to the face of the avatar.

[0010] In order to achieve the above object, the avatar appearance adjustment method according to claim 4 is an avatar appearance adjustment system for adjusting the appearance of an avatar that is assumed to be used in a plurality of services and is composed of a plurality of components, the avatar appearance adjustment system adjusting the appearance of the avatar according to the content of a stage image displayed as a background image of the avatar in each of the services, a stage setting determination step of extracting an object placed in the stage image and determining a time period and a location of the stage image based on stage setting information, which is information on the time period and the place where the extracted object actually existed; a component extraction step of extracting out-of-setting components, which are components having an appearance that does not match at least one of the time period and the location of the stage image determined in the stage setting determination step, from among the components of the avatar; and a component replacement step of replacing the out-of-setting components extracted in the component extraction step with components having an appearance that matches the time period and the location of the stage image. The present invention is characterized by comprising:

[0011] In addition, in order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the avatar appearance adjustment method of claim 5 is characterized in that, in the above-mentioned invention, it further includes a stage setting determination step of extracting an object placed in the stage image and determining the time setting and location setting of the stage image based on stage setting information, which is information related to the time and place in which the extracted object actually existed, a component extraction step of extracting out-of-setting components from the components of the avatar, which are components having an appearance that is inconsistent with at least one of the time setting and location setting of the stage image determined by the stage setting determination step, and a component replacement step of replacing the out-of-setting components extracted by the component extraction step with components having an appearance that is consistent with the time setting and location setting of the stage image.

[0012] In addition, in order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the avatar appearance adjustment program of claim 6 is an avatar appearance adjustment program that is intended for use in multiple services and that causes a computer to adjust the appearance of an avatar composed of multiple components in accordance with the content of a stage image displayed as a background image of the avatar in each service, and is characterized in that it causes the computer to execute a stage setting determination function that extracts objects placed in the stage image and determines the era setting and location setting of the stage image based on stage setting information, which is information regarding the era and place in which the extracted objects actually existed, a component extraction function that extracts out-of-setting components from the components of the avatar, which are components having an appearance that is inconsistent with at least one of the era setting and location setting of the stage image determined by the stage setting determination function, and a component replacement function that replaces the out-of-setting components extracted by the component extraction function with components having an appearance that is consistent with the era setting and location setting of the stage image. Effect of the Invention

[0013] According to the present invention, for an avatar that is intended for use in multiple services and is composed of multiple components, the appearance of the avatar can be adjusted according to the content of the stage image displayed as the avatar's background image in each service, thereby suppressing a decrease in the user's sense of immersion. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0014] [Figure 1] 1 is a schematic diagram showing a configuration of an avatar appearance adjustment system according to a first embodiment; [Diagram 2] FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram showing a configuration of an avatar appearance adjusting system according to a second embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0015] Hereinafter, the embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. In the following embodiments, examples considered to be the most appropriate embodiments of the present invention will be described, and it goes without saying that the contents of the present invention should not be interpreted as being limited to the specific examples shown in the present embodiments. Of course, any configuration that achieves the same action and effect, even if it is a specific configuration other than that shown in the embodiments, is included in the technical scope of the present invention.

[0016] (Embodiment 1) First, an avatar appearance adjustment system according to the first embodiment will be described. As shown in Fig. 1, the avatar appearance adjustment system according to the first embodiment includes an avatar generation unit 1 that generates an avatar, which is a basic form of an avatar used by a user in each service, an avatar configuration analysis unit 2 that analyzes the components of the generated avatar, an avatar configuration storage unit 3 that stores the analysis results regarding the avatar components, a change restriction element extraction unit 4 that extracts components of the avatar that should be restricted from change processing and the restriction contents for the components, a change restriction element storage unit 5 that stores the components and the restriction contents extracted by the change restriction part extraction unit 4, a period setting analysis unit 6 that analyzes the period setting of a stage image in a service such as a game or SNS in which the user's avatar is used, a location setting analysis unit 7 that analyzes the location setting of the stage image, a drawing tendency analysis unit 8 that analyzes the drawing tendency of the stage image, and a color analysis unit 9 that analyzes the color tone of the stage image. the time setting analysis unit 6 and the place setting analysis unit 7 as out-of-setting components; a component replacement unit 11 that replaces the extracted avatar components with components that match the time setting and place setting; a design conversion unit 12 that converts the drawing tendency of the avatar in accordance with the analysis result in the drawing tendency analysis unit 8; a color tone conversion unit 13 that converts the color tone of the avatar in accordance with the analysis result in the color tone analysis unit 9; a component memory unit 14 that stores the avatar components to be replaced by the component replacement unit 11; and an avatar output unit 15 that outputs information about the generated avatar, which is the result of processing the avatar by at least one of the component replacement unit 11, the design conversion unit 12, and the color tone conversion unit 13, to a service such as a game or SNS.

[0017] The avatar generation unit 1 is for generating an avatar, the target of which is to undergo appearance adjustment in accordance with the service to be used, in the avatar appearance adjustment system according to the first embodiment. The avatar generated by the avatar generation unit 1 is assumed to be used in services using a computer, such as computer programs, SNS, online games, smartphone games, and Internet services, and more specifically, is displayed as a background image of a stage image that is visually displayed when using the service. Each service provides different background images based on different worldviews, etc., and if an avatar with a single design is used as is for each service, the image becomes unnatural, which hinders the user's immersive feeling. The avatar appearance adjustment system according to the first embodiment adjusts the appearance of the avatar generated by the avatar generation unit 1 according to the content of the background image so that the avatar matches the background image of each service.

[0018] Specifically, the avatar generation unit 1 has a function of extracting feature points (for example, the center of gravity of the eyes, the corner of the eye, etc.) that are set according to the positions and shapes of external elements such as clothes, accessories, and belongings based on a full-body photograph of the user, for example, and generating a realistic avatar that reflects the user's physical features based on the position information of the feature points. The avatar is preferably configured with skeletal information (bones), surface information (skin), and weight information that defines the relationship between the two, but a simpler configuration may be one that is made up of only surface information. In addition, instead of using a full-body photograph of the user as reference material when generating the avatar, only a face photograph may be used and generic data may be used for the part below the neck, or a design unrelated to the user's features may be used. The design of the avatar is not limited to a realistic one, but may be a pictorial or animated design, and only the hairstyle, clothes, accessories such as glasses, rings, and bracelets, and possessions such as bags and umbrellas may be different from the actual image of the user, and the avatar may be two-dimensional as well as three-dimensional. Note that the avatar generation unit 1 stores the attributes of the person represented by the avatar when generating the avatar (gender, age, occupation, nationality, race, etc., which are usually the same as the attributes of the avatar user who is the basis of the avatar, but may be different from the user's attributes based on the user's wishes, etc.).

[0019] The avatar configuration analysis unit 2 is for analyzing the components of an avatar. Specifically, the avatar configuration analysis unit 2 is for analyzing the shape, color tone (information on color, which is explained using HSB / HSV colors consisting of saturation, brightness, and hue in the first embodiment for ease of explanation, but which includes not only color information in such a form but also color information expressed in CMYK, RGB, etc.) and function of each component of an avatar, such as physical features of the avatar, such as eyes, eyebrows, nose, mouth, ears, hairstyle, and joints, and clothes, accessories, and belongings worn by the avatar. For example, taking the hair of an avatar as an example, the avatar configuration analysis unit 2 has a function of extracting the hair part from the overall image of the avatar using image recognition technology, etc., and grasping information on its position, shape (hairstyle, etc.), color tone (black, etc.), and function (hair part, etc.). Similarly, for example, for a necklace, which is an accessory, the avatar configuration analysis unit 2 has a function of extracting the necklace from the overall image of the avatar, grasping information such as "an accessory used by women" as its position, shape, color tone, and function, and outputting the information to the avatar configuration storage unit 3. As a more preferred embodiment, the avatar configuration analysis unit 2 according to the first embodiment also grasps information regarding the design characteristics of the main era and place in which the analyzed component has been used, or the era and place in which the analyzed component is used. The avatar configuration analysis unit 2 may be provided with an analysis function using, for example, machine learning, deep learning, or reinforcement learning, or may be provided with a function of comparing a part extracted by an image analysis technique with data on the Internet or data stored in a predetermined database, and judging that the part has the same function as data with a high similarity.

[0020] The avatar configuration storage unit 3 is for storing the analysis results by the avatar configuration analysis unit 2. Specifically, the avatar configuration storage unit 3 has a function of storing information such as the position, shape, color tone, and function of each component of the avatar analyzed by the avatar configuration analysis unit 2, as well as the time and place when each component is used, in association with the target avatar. The specific configuration of the avatar configuration storage unit 3 may be a general storage device, such as a hard disk drive (HDD) or solid state drive (SSD) built into an electronic computing device, or an external storage device or USB memory configured separately from the electronic device, or even an online storage service.

[0021] The change restriction element extraction unit 4 is for extracting change restriction elements, which are elements that are not to be processed by one or more of the element replacement unit 11, the design conversion unit 12, and the color tone conversion unit 13, from among the elements of the avatar extracted by the avatar configuration analysis unit 2. The change restriction elements may be extracted, for example, by a user of the avatar specifying a specific element as a change restriction element, but more preferably, a method is used in which an element constituting a characteristic part of the avatar is extracted as a change restriction element. In the first embodiment, the change restriction element extraction unit 4 includes an element comparison unit 16 that compares the structure of the element included in the avatar with an element corresponding to the element and having an average structure in terms of structure, a feature determination unit 17 that determines whether the element is a characteristic part of the avatar based on the comparison result in the element comparison unit 16, and a change restriction information generation unit 18 that generates change restriction information for the element based on the processing results of the element comparison unit 16 and the feature determination unit 17.

[0022] The component comparison unit 16 is for comparing the structural differences between the components of the avatar and the corresponding average components. Specifically, the component comparison unit 16 has a function of selecting a specific component from among the components included in the avatar, comparing the structure of the specific component with the average structure of the components corresponding to the specific component, and deriving the structural differences. The "corresponding components" are determined by the identity or commonality of function and the identity or commonality of position in the entire avatar. For example, if the "specific component" corresponds to the "right eye" of the avatar, the "corresponding component" is also the "right eye." In addition, if the "specific component" is an accessory placed around the neck (for example, a necklace), the "corresponding component" is also an accessory placed around the neck. In addition, with regard to the "average structure," information on the structure assumed to be average for each component, specifically the average shape and color tone, may be set in advance, or the average value of the shape and color tone of the target component may be actually derived from a certain number of actual avatar examples. As a method of deriving the "average structure," an average structure may be derived for each attribute (gender, age, occupation, nationality, race, etc.) of the person represented by the avatar, and compared with the average structure of avatars with attributes common to the attributes of the person represented by the avatar. As specific contents of the "average structure," for example, for shape, it is preferable to use the average positional relationship between feature points in the component (for example, the average value of the distance between predetermined feature points), and for color tone, it is preferable to use the average values ​​of brightness, saturation, and hue on the surface of the component, although it is also possible to use the median instead of the average value.

[0023] The component comparison unit 16 has a function of comparing the structure of a selected specific component with the average structure of the corresponding component, and judging the degree to which the structure of the specific component deviates from the average structure. Specifically, the component comparison unit 16 in the present embodiment 1 derives a comparison result, for example, a difference value, between a predetermined feature point distance in the selected component in the avatar and a corresponding feature point distance in the average structure of the corresponding component. In addition, the component comparison unit 16 derives a comparison result, for example, a difference value for each of the quantified lightness, saturation, and hue, between the color tone in the avatar, specifically, lightness, saturation, and hue, and the color tone in the average structure of the corresponding component, specifically, lightness, saturation, and hue, for the selected component.

[0024] The feature determination unit 17 is for determining whether the selected component is a component constituting a characteristic part in the avatar based on the comparison result in the component comparison unit 16. Specifically, it has a function of determining the degree of deviation of the component in the avatar from the average structure according to the magnitude of the comparison result derived by the component comparison unit 16, and recognizing the component as a characteristic part of the avatar when the degree of deviation is determined to be large. More specifically, when the ratio of the avatar to the average structure at a predetermined distance between feature points exceeds a predetermined threshold (for example, when the distance between feature points in the avatar exceeds 1.5 times the corresponding distance between feature points in the average structure), it is determined that the component is a component constituting a characteristic part. Similarly, the feature determination unit 17 determines that the component is a component constituting a characteristic part when the ratio of the avatar to the average structure in each of the numerical information of brightness, saturation, and hue regarding color tone exceeds a predetermined threshold (for example, when the numerical value in the avatar exceeds twice the numerical value in the average structure). As for the judgment processing mode, a portion may be judged to be a characteristic portion when the distance between feature points, lightness, saturation, and hue all exceed a predetermined threshold value, or a portion may be judged to be a characteristic portion when one or more elements exceed a threshold value, or a portion may be judged to be a characteristic portion when a specific element (for example, only saturation in terms of color tone) exceeds a threshold value.

[0025] The change restriction information generating unit 18 generates change restriction information, which is information on whether or not to restrict changes to each component included in the avatar and the extent of the restriction when the change restriction is applied, based on the results derived by the component comparing unit 16 and the feature determining unit 17. Specifically, the change restriction information generating unit 18 in the present embodiment 1 has a function of generating change restriction information by uniformly restricting changes to the components determined by the feature determining unit 17 to be components constituting the feature portion and determining the change restriction content based on the comparison results derived by the component comparing unit 16. The change restriction content is generated, for example, according to the comparison results regarding the distance between feature points in the shape and the lightness, saturation, and hue in the color tone, and when only the distance between feature points is significantly deviated from the average structure, the replacement process by the component replacing unit 11 is prohibited (the process by the design converting unit 12 and the color tone converting unit 13 is permitted). There are no restrictions on the content of the change restriction information, and it may be composed only of the presence or absence of processing by each of the component replacement unit 11, the design conversion unit 12, and the color tone conversion unit 13, or it may include intermediate content such as limiting the design conversion processing by the design conversion unit 12 to 50 percent of other components that have not been recognized as characteristic parts.

[0026] The change restriction element storage unit 5 is for storing change restriction information related to each component of an avatar. Specifically, the change restriction element storage unit 5 has a function of inputting the change restriction information generated by the change restriction information generation unit 18 and storing the change restriction information in a state linked to the target avatar and component. The specific configuration of the change restriction element storage unit 5 may be a general storage device, for example, a hard disk drive (HDD) or solid state drive (SSD) built into an electronic computing device, or an external storage device or USB memory configured separately from the electronic device, or even an online storage service.

[0027] The time setting analysis unit 6 is for analyzing the time setting of the stage image in the service such as SNS where the avatar is used, and functions as a part of the stage setting determination means in the claims together with the location setting analysis unit 7 described later. Specifically, the time setting analysis unit 6 has a function of extracting explanatory information about the stage image, natural landforms such as mountains and rivers, artificial structures such as bridges and buildings, movable property such as carriages and agricultural tools, people or animals, and other objects placed in the stage image, and determining the time setting of the stage image based on the stage setting information including information about the era in which these extracted objects existed. Here, the "stage image" means an image of the background, etc., displayed together with the avatar when the avatar is placed in the service such as SNS where the avatar is used. The content of the "stage image" may be realistic, pictorial, or animated, and may be either two-dimensional or three-dimensional.

[0028] The time setting analysis unit 6 has a function of analyzing the time setting of the stage video from the explanatory information of the service in which the avatar is used and the contents of the stage video. First, the time setting analysis unit 6 determines, for example, that the stage video in which the avatar is used is modeled after the 19th century or reflects the social situation in 221 BC, based on explanatory information such as the explanation by the service operator about the stage video itself and the contents of critiques by third parties.

[0029] The period setting analysis unit 6 also has a function of analyzing the period setting of the stage video from the contents of the stage video. Specifically, the period setting analysis unit 6 uses image analysis technology or the like to extract objects such as mountains and rivers, buildings, movable property, people, etc. contained in the stage video, and generates period setting information, which is information on the period when the objects actually existed, as part of the stage setting information based on the shape characteristics of the extracted buildings, etc., and determines the period setting of the stage video based on this. The period setting information, which is part of the stage setting information, is information regarding the locations where each object actually existed, and its content may specify the location within a range common to all extracted objects (for example, "the 15th century or the 16th century"), or it may list the eras in which each object actually existed (for example, "object A is the first half of the 15th century, object B is the second half of the 15th century, object C is the mid-16th century")). When the period setting information includes a unique period setting, the period setting analysis unit 6 determines the period setting according to the content of the period setting information. When multiple period settings are included, the period setting analysis unit 6 may determine the period setting within a range including the period settings of all objects, or may determine the location setting using only information regarding some of the objects depending on the importance of the objects (such as the number of times they have been extracted, or the position and size displayed in the stage image). In addition, when a single object in a stage image can exist in multiple time periods, the time setting determination unit 6 may determine the time period in which it can exist in common with other objects as the time setting. For example, when it is determined that a Buddhist temple and a person with a braided hairstyle are included in the stage image, the time setting analysis unit 6 analyzes that the time setting of the stage image is from the mid-17th century to the early 20th century (∵ the time when Buddhist temples and people with braided hairstyles coexisted in China during the Qing Dynasty). The function of analyzing the time setting from the characteristics of the terrain, buildings, movable property, people, etc. in the stage image may be equipped with a function of directly determining the time setting by machine learning, deep learning, or reinforcement learning, or may be equipped with a function of comparing the time setting with public image data on the Internet or data stored in a specified database and determining that the time setting is common to the time setting of image data with high similarity.

[0030] The analysis result by the time setting analysis unit 6 may be analyzed to the extent that a specific date such as "July 14, 1789" is clarified, or may be analyzed within a certain range such as "1980s," "19th century," or "5th to 8th century." In addition, there are cases where the time setting cannot be analyzed because the stage video does not have a time setting in the first place (for example, the stage is set in a fictional outer space), and in such cases, the time setting analysis unit 6 derives the fact that the time setting is unknown as the analysis result. The analysis result by the time setting analysis unit 6 is output to the component replacement unit 11, and the component replacement unit 11 performs a process of replacing the components of the avatar with those that are suitable for the time setting / location setting of the stage video as necessary based on the analysis result of the time setting analysis unit 6 and / or the analysis result of the location setting analysis unit 7.

[0031] The location setting analysis unit 7 is for analyzing the location setting of the stage video in the service such as SNS where the avatar is used, and functions as a part of the stage setting determination means in the claims together with the period setting analysis unit 6. Specifically, the location setting analysis unit 6 has a function of extracting objects such as natural landforms such as mountains and rivers, artificial structures such as bridges and buildings, movable property such as carriages and farm tools, people or animals, etc., placed in the stage video in addition to explanatory information about the stage video, and determining the location setting of the stage video based on the stage setting information including information about the places where these extracted objects were present.

[0032] That is, the location setting analysis unit 7 has a function of analyzing the location setting of the stage image from the stage image itself. Specifically, the location setting analysis unit 7 uses image analysis technology or the like to extract objects such as terrain, buildings, movable property, and people contained in the stage image, generates location setting information that is part of the stage setting information based on the shape characteristics of the extracted objects, and determines the location setting of the stage image based on this. Note that the location setting information that is part of the stage setting information is information on the place where each object actually existed, and the content may specify a place within a range common to all the extracted objects (for example, "Japan"), or may list the actual places where each object actually existed (for example, Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan for mountains and rivers, Tokyo, Japan for people, etc.). Furthermore, when the location setting information includes multiple locations (Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan, Kyoto, Japan, etc.), the location setting analysis unit 7 may determine the location setting within a range common to each location (for example, "Japan"), or may determine the location setting using only information on some of the objects depending on the importance of the objects (such as the number of times they are extracted, or the position and size displayed in the stage image) (for example, determining that the location setting is "Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan" because the extracted mountain or river is Mount Fuji).

[0033] In addition, when an object in a stage image can exist in a plurality of places, the location setting analysis unit 7 may determine that the location where the plurality of objects exist in common is the location setting. For example, when the location setting analysis unit 7 extracts a desert and a pyramid, it determines that the location setting of the stage image is Egypt, since these objects exist in common. Similarly, when it is analyzed that the stage image contains a desert and a cactus tree, the location setting analysis unit determines that the location setting of the stage image is inland North America. Note that the function of analyzing the location setting based on the stage image may be equipped with a function of directly determining the location setting by machine learning, deep learning, or reinforcement learning, or may be equipped with a function of comparing the location setting with public image data on the Internet or data stored in a predetermined database, and determining that the location setting is common to the location setting of image data with a high degree of similarity.

[0034] The analysis result by the location setting analysis unit 7 may be analyzed to the extent that a specific location is clarified, such as "51° 30' 3" north latitude, 0° 8' 32" west longitude, but may also be analyzed to the extent of an area having a certain area, such as Chiba Prefecture in Japan, Hokkaido, or northeastern China. In addition, there are cases where the location setting cannot be analyzed because the location is not set in the first place, such as when the stage image is set in a fictional world, and in such cases, the location setting analysis unit derives the fact that the location setting is unknown as the analysis result. The analysis result by the location setting analysis unit 7 is output to the component replacement unit 11, and the component replacement unit 11 performs processing to replace the components of the avatar with those that are suitable for the time setting / location setting of the stage image as necessary, based on the analysis result of the time setting analysis unit 6 and / or the analysis result of the location setting analysis unit 7.

[0035] The drawing tendency analysis unit 8 is for analyzing the drawing tendency of stage images in services such as SNS in which avatars are used. The "drawing tendency" is a concept that means the design characteristics and tendencies of line drawings, etc., when the stage image is expressed in a painting, comic, animation, etc. manner. Specifically, the "drawing tendency" is a concept that includes not only general characteristics and tendencies such as "classicism," "romanticism," etc., in the painting manner, but also detailed characteristics and tendencies such as the style of a particular painter, and also includes drawing characteristics and tendencies such as Studio Ghibli movie style and Disney animation style in the animation manner. The drawing tendency analysis unit 8 may determine the design characteristics only from the line drawings without distinguishing the topography, etc., drawn in the stage image, but more preferably, it is assumed that the design characteristics are analyzed after distinguishing and extracting the topography, buildings, movable property, people, etc. The analysis function of the drawing tendency analysis unit 8 may be provided with a function to directly analyze the drawing tendency by machine learning, deep learning, or reinforcement learning, or may be provided with a function to compare the image data with public image data on the Internet or image data stored in a specified database and determine that the drawing tendency is the same or common to the drawing tendency of image data that is highly similar to a partial image in a stage image. Note that the analysis of the drawing tendency by the drawing tendency analysis unit 8 is mainly an analysis of design features and trends in line drawings, etc., but for paintings by some artists such as Van Gogh that have design features and trends in color tones, a configuration may be adopted in which color tones are also analyzed.

[0036] The color tone analysis unit 9 is for analyzing the overall color tone of the stage image in the service such as SNS where the avatar is used. Specifically, the color tone analysis unit 9 includes a color tone information acquisition unit 19 that extracts the color tones used in the stage image, and a color tone range information generation unit 20 that determines the overall color tone range of the stage image based on the extraction result by the color tone information acquisition unit 19.

[0037] The color tone information acquisition unit 19 is for extracting the color tone currently used in the stage image and generating color tone information that is information indicating what color tone is currently used in the stage image. Specifically, the stage image is composed of an array of points (pixels) of various color tones (saturation, brightness, hue), and the color tone information acquisition unit 19 has a function of extracting information regarding the color tone expressed by each pixel in the stage image. Note that the stage image from which the color tone information acquisition unit 19 extracts color tones may be all images expressed as a moving image, but from the viewpoint of simpler extraction processing, a still image at a certain point in time in the stage image may be targeted, or even only a certain range of pixels in a still image at a certain point in time may be targeted. When a certain range of pixels is selected, it is preferable to randomly select pixels from all pixels constituting the stage image in order to avoid bias in the extraction target, such as targeting pixels in only a partial area.

[0038] The color tone range information generating unit 20 estimates an allowable color tone range, which is a range of colors that are allowable for use in stage images, based on the regularity of the color tone distribution in the color tone information generated by the color tone information acquiring unit 19, and generates color tone range information, which is information related to the allowable color tone range. For example, if the colors currently extracted by the color tone information acquiring unit 19 are overwhelmingly white and black, and the number of other colors (including gray) remains below a certain threshold, the color tone range information generating unit 20 determines that the allowable color tone range is only two colors, white and black. Also, if the currently extracted colors are white, black, and gray, and the brightness of gray is one of 254 gradations (excluding white and black), the color tone information acquiring unit 19 determines that the allowable color tone range is a grayscale of 256 gradations. Similarly, the color tone range information generating unit 20 determines the allowable color tone range to be sepia if all the colors extracted by the color tone information acquiring unit 19 belong to the so-called "sepia color," and determines the allowable color tone range to be color with 256 gradations if the extracted colors are colors and belong to 8 gradations for each color. The color tone range information generating unit 20 may determine the allowable color tone range so as to include all the colors extracted by the color tone information acquiring unit 19, but it is preferable to configure the color tone range information generating unit 20 to ignore the color tone in the estimation process of the color tone regularity if the number of pixels of the same color tone extracted remains below a certain threshold value, in consideration of the case where the color tone information acquiring unit 19 makes an erroneous extraction. The color tone range information generated by the color tone range information generating unit 20 is output to the color tone converting unit 13, which performs a process of converting the color tone of the avatar to a color tone that falls within the color tone range of the stage image.

[0039] The component extraction unit 10 is for extracting, as non-setting components, components that are inconsistent with either the time setting or the place setting of the stage image derived by the time setting analysis unit 6 and the place setting analysis unit 7 from among the components of the avatar. Regarding the time setting and place setting of the components of the avatar, "information on what time and place it is used in" for each component is generated by the avatar configuration analysis unit 2 and stored in the avatar configuration storage unit 3. The component extraction unit 10 has a function of extracting the information from the avatar component storage unit 3, performing a process of determining whether each component of the avatar is consistent with the time setting and place setting of the stage image, and transmitting information on the components that are determined to be inconsistent to the component replacement unit 11 as non-setting components. Note that "consistency" includes not only the case where the time setting and place setting of the components of the avatar are completely consistent with or are included in the time setting and place setting of the stage image, but also the case where the difference is within a predetermined tolerance range even if they are not consistent or included (such as the case where the time settings are different but are close to each other). In addition, the component extraction unit 10 may not perform the extraction process using information from the avatar configuration storage unit 3, but may extract components that are consistent with the time and location settings of the stage image from the component storage unit 14 described later, compare their shapes with those of the corresponding avatar components, and extract them as replacement targets if their shapes are dissimilar.

[0040] The component replacement unit 11 is for converting the components of the avatar into those that are suitable for the time setting and the place setting of the stage image based on the analysis results of the time setting analysis unit 6 and the place setting analysis unit 7. Specifically, the component extraction unit 10 has a function of extracting replacement components from the component storage unit 14 (described later) that have the same or common positions and functions as the components in the avatar and that are suitable for the time setting and the place setting of the stage image, for each component included in the avatar that is not restricted from being replaced by the change restriction information stored in the change restriction element storage unit 5, and replacing the replacement components with the replacement components after performing processes such as enlargement, reduction, and rotation as necessary to make them suitable for the avatar. Preferably, the component replacement unit 11 has a function of extracting replacement components taking into consideration the attributes (gender, age, occupation, nationality, race, etc.) of the person represented by the avatar.

[0041] For example, when the time setting of the stage image is the 17th century and the location setting is Japan, the component replacement unit 11 extracts replacement components representing clothing that correspond to the attributes represented by the avatar from among the clothing worn by samurai, farmers, merchants, etc. in the Edo period (samurai clothing for an adult male civil servant, merchant clothing for a businessman, etc.) and replaces them with the components of the avatar. Similarly, when the time setting of the stage image is the 17th century and the location setting is Paris, France, for example, for accessories worn around the neck, the component replacement unit 11 extracts replacement components representing necklaces worn by aristocrats at that time and replaces them with replacement elements of the avatar. Furthermore, when the person represented by the avatar is a young woman and makeup aspects on the face, such as the eyes, mouth, and cheeks, are specified as separate components of the avatar from the eyes, mouth, etc., the component replacement unit 11 extracts replacement components so that the makeup aspects match the time setting and location setting of the stage image, and replaces them with the components of the avatar. If the time setting analysis unit 6 and the location setting analysis unit 7 are unable to determine the time setting and location setting of the stage image, respectively, the component replacement unit 11 ends the process without extracting and replacing any replacement components.

[0042] The design conversion unit 12 adjusts the shape and the like of the components of the avatar based on the analysis result of the drawing tendency analysis unit 8 so as to match the drawing tendency indicated in the analysis result. Specifically, when the analysis result of the stage image in the form of a painting indicates "Romanticism", the design conversion unit 12 performs design conversion so that the shape and color tone of the components of the avatar become the shape and color tone expressed in a romantic painting while maintaining the position, shape, etc. of the components in the avatar. As a specific embodiment of the design conversion process in the design conversion unit 12, a replacement component that is the same or similar to the components of the avatar in terms of position and function and has a shape and color tone that matches the analysis result in terms of drawing tendency may be extracted from the replacement components stored in the component storage unit 14 (described later) and replaced with the corresponding component, or a function that enables design output according to the drawing tendency by machine learning, deep learning, or reinforcement learning may be provided in advance, and a replacement component having a design that matches the drawing tendency may be generated each time based on the shape and color tone of the components of the avatar.

[0043] The processing by the design conversion unit 12 may be performed prior to the processing by the component replacement unit 11, or after the processing by the color tone conversion unit 13 described below, but more preferably, the processing by the component replacement unit 11 is performed first, followed by the processing by the design conversion unit 12, and finally the processing by the color tone conversion unit 13. Also, when the analysis result by the drawing tendency analysis unit 8 shows that the characteristics of the color tone aspect are minor, the processing by the design conversion unit 12 may perform design conversion processing only on the shape aspect, and no special processing may be performed on the color tone aspect.

[0044] The color tone conversion unit 13 performs color tone conversion processing so that the color tone of the avatar falls within the allowable color tone range of the stage image included in the analysis result based on the analysis result of the color tone analysis unit 9. Specifically, the color tone conversion unit 13 has an out-of-range color tone extraction unit 21 that extracts out-of-range color tone parts that are parts of the avatar that have an appearance of a color tone that does not belong to the allowable color tone range, and a color tone replacement unit 22 that replaces the color tone outside the allowable color tone range in the out-of-range color tone parts extracted by the out-of-range color tone extraction unit 21 with a color tone within the allowable color tone range.

[0045] The out-of-range color tone extraction unit 21 refers to the allowable color tone range included in the color tone range information generated by the color tone range information generation unit 20, and extracts the portion of the avatar that does not belong to the allowable color tone range. For example, when the allowable color tone range of the stage image is only two colors, white and black (not including gray), the out-of-range color tone extraction unit 21 extracts the portion of the avatar that is visible from the outside and has a color tone other than white and black. Similarly, when the allowable color tone range consists of white, black, and 254 gray tones, the out-of-range color tone extraction unit 21 extracts the portion of the avatar that is visible from the outside and has a color tone other than white, black, and 254 gray tones, and when the allowable color tone range is "sepia," it extracts the portion of the color tone outside the "sepia" color tone range that is previously determined as the color tone range. Note that the "parts" of the avatar extracted by out-of-range color tone extraction unit 21 are not necessarily the same concept as the "components" of the avatar, and the "parts" need only include at least those parts of the avatar that can be visually recognized from the outside (there is no need to include other parts, such as the internal structure). However, to simplify the processing, the avatar appearance adjustment system according to the first embodiment may treat "components" and "parts" as the same concept.

[0046] The color tone replacement unit 22 replaces the parts that are determined by the out-of-range color tone extraction unit 21 to be outside the allowable color tone range with colors within the allowable color tone range. For example, if the allowable color tone range of the stage image is only two colors, white and black (gray is not included), the color tone replacement unit 22 performs a replacement process from the original color tone to a color tone in which the saturation of the color tone of the extracted part is uniformly set to 0 and the lightness is set to 0 or the maximum value (for example, the lightness is set to 0 for parts where the lightness is between 0 and half the maximum value, and the lightness is set to the maximum value for parts where the lightness is between half the maximum value and the maximum value). Similarly, if the image consists of white, black, and 254 gray levels, the color tone replacement unit 22 performs a replacement process to a color tone in which the saturation of the color tone of the extracted part is set to 0 and the lightness is set to the value closest to the primary color among 256 gray levels. When the allowable color tone range of the stage image is characteristic, such as the so-called "sepia color," the color tone replacement unit 22 performs color tone replacement processing based on a predetermined correspondence relationship between the color tone in normal colors and the color tone in sepia color (which may be something like a comparison table or a mathematical conversion formula).

[0047] The component storage unit 14 is for storing replacement components to be used as replacement targets in the component replacement unit 11. Specifically, the component storage unit 14 stores a plurality of avatar components having shapes, colors, etc., that are suitable for the time setting and location setting, and has a function of storing information on the position, shape, color, and function of the components, as well as the suitable time setting, location setting, and attributes of the avatar that is recommended for use, in a state of being linked to each other. Note that, when the design conversion unit 12 is configured to use replacement components that are suitable for the drawing tendency, it is preferable that the component storage unit 14 is configured to store a plurality of avatar components having different shapes and colors according to the drawing tendency. Note that, as a specific configuration of the component storage unit 14, in addition to a general storage device, for example, a hard disk drive (HDD) or solid state drive (SSD) built into an electronic computing device, an external storage device or USB memory that is configured separately from the electronic device, or even an online storage service may be used.

[0048] The avatar output unit 15 is for outputting the avatar that has been subjected to the replacement process by the component replacement unit 11, the design conversion process by the design conversion unit 12, and the color conversion process by the color conversion unit 13, to a service in which the avatar is used. The output mode of the avatar output unit 15 may be to output data of the avatar alone after each process has been completed, or to output processed data consisting of data of the avatar alone before each process is performed and information including the contents of each process to be performed on the avatar.

[0049] Next, the advantages of the avatar appearance adjustment system according to the first embodiment will be described. The avatar appearance adjustment system according to the first embodiment has an advantage that, for an avatar that is assumed to be used in a plurality of services and is composed of a plurality of components, it is possible to provide an avatar with an appearance that corresponds to the contents of the stage image displayed as the background image of the avatar in each service. That is, while it takes a certain amount of effort to generate an avatar, generating a plurality of avatars that correspond to different stage images in a plurality of services is a heavy burden for the user and hinders the use of the services. On the other hand, if a single avatar is used as is in a plurality of services, it is not appropriate because it causes a visual discrepancy with the stage image, hindering the user's immersion. The avatar appearance adjustment system according to the first embodiment finds that the stage image of the service in which the avatar is used is characterized by the time setting, location setting, drawing tendency, and color tone, and is provided with an appearance adjustment function according to such characteristics, and thereby it is possible to produce the effect of adjusting the appearance of the avatar without incurring the burden of generating a plurality of avatars and suppressing a decrease in the user's immersion.

[0050] In order to obtain the advantages of the avatar appearance adjustment system according to the first embodiment, it is not necessary to analyze all of the time setting, place setting, drawing tendency, and color tone of the stage video and adjust the appearance so that they are consistent with each other. For example, it may be configured to analyze only the time setting and place setting of the stage video and replace them with components that match these, or it may be configured to perform only color tone analysis and adjust the color tone of the avatar surface only.

[0051] (Embodiment 2) Next, a description will be given of an avatar appearance adjustment system according to embodiment 2. In embodiment 2, components having the same names and reference numerals as those in embodiment 1 will have the same functions as those in embodiment 1 unless otherwise specified.

[0052] As shown in FIG. 2, the avatar appearance adjustment system of the second embodiment has an avatar configuration analysis unit 23 that has a function of analyzing decorative parts, which are decorations applied to the face such as eye makeup, blush, etc., a component memory unit 24 that stores decorative parts according to the era setting and place setting as replacement components, and when the decorative part on the avatar's face does not match at least one of the era setting and the place setting, a component extraction unit 25 extracts the decorative part as a component outside the setting, and a component replacement unit 26 extracts a replacement component for the decorative part that matches the era setting and the place setting, and performs replacement processing.

[0053] In addition to the functions of avatar configuration analysis unit 2 in the first embodiment, avatar configuration analysis unit 23 has a function of recognizing decorative parts, which are decorations applied to the face of an avatar, such as eye makeup and blush, as avatar components separate and independent from natural organs such as the eyes, eyebrows, nose, mouth, and ears, and outputting the analysis results of the decorative parts to avatar configuration storage unit 3. Specifically, avatar configuration analysis unit 23 analyzes the shape, color tone, function, etc. of the eyes and the decorations around them, such as false eyelashes and eyeliner, as separate components. As a specific mode of analysis, the analysis may be performed by image analysis processing, or, for example, when the avatar generation unit 1 generates an avatar, a facial image to which decorative parts have been added and a so-called bare facial image from which the decorative parts have been removed are prepared, and the decorative parts are extracted based on the difference data between the two images and analyzed as avatar components.

[0054] The component storage unit 24 has a function of storing a plurality of decorative parts on the face of an avatar as independent replacement components, in addition to the functions of the component storage unit 14 in the first embodiment. Specifically, the component storage unit 24 has a function of storing decorative parts according to the time setting, place setting, and attributes of the person represented by the avatar, in a state of being mutually associated with these elements.

[0055] The component extraction unit 25 has the function of the component extraction unit 10 in the first embodiment, and also has the function of extracting a decorative part applied to the avatar's face, among the avatar's components, as a non-setting component when the decorative part does not match at least one of the time setting and the place setting of the stage video analyzed by the time setting analysis unit 6 and the place setting analysis unit 7. Information on the extracted decorative part is transmitted to the component replacement unit 26. The component extraction unit 25 may treat each decorative part (eye makeup, blush, lipstick, etc.) applied to the avatar's face as a separate component, or may treat multiple decorative parts as an integrated component.

[0056] The component replacement unit 26 has the function of replacing a decorative part extracted as an out-of-setting component from among the decorative parts applied to the face of the avatar with a decorative part that matches the time setting and place setting from among replacement components related to decorative parts stored in the component storage unit 24. When performing replacement processing of a decorative part, the component replacement unit 26 performs replacement processing after appropriately changing the shape and color tone so as to match the surface shape of the avatar's face (facial irregularities, etc.) and the shapes of facial organs such as the eyes and eyebrows, and then performing processing such as enlarging, reducing, rotating, etc.

[0057] Next, the advantages of the avatar appearance adjustment system according to the second embodiment will be described. In the generation and analysis of so-called avatars, the decoration on the face is often recognized as an integral part of the face. In that case, when it is determined that the decoration on the face does not match the time setting and location setting of the stage image, the entire face or the decoration part is extracted together with the accompanying eyes, skin, mouth, etc., and a replacement process is performed integrally with these. In the case of such a replacement process, although it is possible to match the decoration part with the time setting and location setting, there is a problem that the characteristics of the person represented by the avatar are lost because other elements constituting the face, such as the eyes, nose, and mouth, are also replaced. In the second embodiment, a mode is adopted in which the decoration part on the face is processed as a component separate from the face itself and the organs arranged on the face, so that it is possible to replace only the decoration parts such as eye makeup and cheeks with contents consistent with the time setting and location setting without replacing the characteristic parts such as the eyes and nose as described above. [Industrial Applicability]

[0058] The present invention relates to an avatar that is intended for use in multiple services and is composed of multiple components, and can be used as a technology for adjusting the appearance of the avatar depending on the content of a stage image that is displayed as the background image of the avatar in each service. [Explanation of symbols]

[0059] 1 Avatar Generation 2, 23 Avatar Composition Analysis Section 3. Avatar configuration memory section 4. Change restriction element extraction section 5. Change restriction element storage section 6 Era Setting Analysis Department 7 Location Analysis Section 8 Drawing trend analysis section 9 Color tone analysis section 10, 25 Component Extraction Section 11, 26 Component Replacement Section 12 Design conversion section 13 Color Tone Conversion Section 14, 24 Component Memory Unit 15 Avatar Output Section 16 Component Comparison Section 17 Feature determination section 18. Change restriction information generation unit 19 Color tone information acquisition section 20 Color range information generator 21 Out-of-range color tone extraction section 22 Color tone replacement section

Claims

1. An avatar appearance adjustment system for adjusting an appearance of an avatar that is assumed to be used in a plurality of services and is composed of a plurality of components, the system adjusting the appearance of the avatar according to the content of a stage image displayed as a background image of the avatar in each of the services, a stage setting determination means for extracting an object placed in the stage image and determining the time period and place setting of the stage image based on stage setting information which is information regarding the time period and place in which the extracted object actually existed; A component extraction means for extracting non-setting components, which are components having an appearance that is inconsistent with at least one of the time setting and the place setting of the stage image determined by the stage setting determination means, from among the components of the avatar; a component replacement means for replacing the out-of-setting components extracted by the component extraction means with components having an appearance consistent with the time setting and the place setting of the stage image; An avatar appearance adjustment system comprising:

2. A color tone information acquisition means for acquiring color tone information which is information regarding the color tones used in the stage image; a color tone range information generating means for estimating an allowable color tone range, which is a range of colors that are allowable for use in the stage image, based on the regularity of the color tone distribution in the color tone information acquired by the color tone information acquiring means, and generating color tone range information, which is information regarding the allowable color tone range; an out-of-range color tone extraction means for extracting an out-of-range color tone portion of the avatar, the out-of-range color tone portion being a portion having an appearance of a color tone that does not belong to the allowable color tone range; a color tone replacement means for replacing a color tone that does not belong to the allowable color tone range in the out-of-range color tone portion extracted by the out-of-range color tone extraction means with a color tone that belongs to the allowable color tone range; 2. The avatar appearance adjustment system according to claim 1, further comprising:

3. the component extraction means extracts a decorative portion, which is a decoration applied to a face of the avatar, as the non-setting component when the decorative portion is inconsistent with at least one of the time setting and the place setting; 2. The avatar appearance adjustment system according to claim 1, wherein the component replacement means removes the decorative portion extracted by the component extraction means from the avatar and attaches a decorative portion consistent with the period setting and the location setting to the face of the avatar.

4. An avatar appearance adjustment method for adjusting an appearance of an avatar that is assumed to be used in a plurality of services and is composed of a plurality of components, the method comprising: adjusting an appearance of the avatar according to a content of a stage image displayed as a background image of the avatar in each of the services, a stage setting determination step of extracting an object placed in the stage image and determining the time period and place setting of the stage image based on stage setting information which is information regarding the time period and place in which the extracted object actually existed; a component extraction step of extracting non-setting components, which are components having an appearance that is inconsistent with at least one of the time setting and the place setting of the stage image determined in the stage setting determination step, from among the components of the avatar; a component replacement step of replacing the out-of-setting components extracted in the component extraction step with components having an appearance consistent with the time setting and location setting of the stage image; A method for adjusting an avatar's appearance, comprising:

5. a stage setting determination step of extracting an object placed in the stage image and determining the time period and place setting of the stage image based on stage setting information which is information regarding the time period and place in which the extracted object actually existed; a component extraction step of extracting non-setting components, which are components having an appearance that is inconsistent with at least one of the time setting and the place setting of the stage image determined in the stage setting determination step, from among the components of the avatar; a component replacement step of replacing the out-of-setting components extracted by the component extraction step with components having an appearance consistent with the time setting and location setting of the stage image; 5. The method of claim 4, further comprising:

6. An avatar appearance adjustment program that causes a computer to adjust the appearance of an avatar that is intended for use in a plurality of services and is composed of a plurality of components, according to the content of a stage image that is displayed as a background image of the avatar in each of the services, comprising: The computer is a stage setting determination function for extracting an object placed in the stage image and determining the time period and place setting of the stage image based on stage setting information, which is information regarding the time period and place in which the extracted object actually existed; A component extraction function that extracts out-of-setting components from among the components of the avatar, the out-of-setting components being components having an appearance that is inconsistent with at least one of the time setting and the place setting of the stage image determined by the stage setting determination function; A component replacement function for replacing the out-of-setting components extracted by the component extraction function with components having an appearance consistent with the time setting and location setting of the stage image; 4. An avatar appearance adjustment program comprising:

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