Treatment agent and method for improving the attraction of insects or their larvae to aquaculture animals

Abstract

To provide a treatment agent and a method for improving attractiveness of insects or their larvae to aquaculture animals.SOLUTION: A treatment agent includes at least one of nitrate and nitrite, and at least one selected from ascorbic acid, isoascorbic acid, tea polyphenols, and niacinamide. A treatment method includes: washing the insects or their larvae; soaking the washed insects or their larvae in a solution of the treatment agent; and taking the soaked insects or their larvae out for draining water.EFFECT: The treatment method of the present invention is low in a cost, easy to operate, completely preserves nutrients, kills pathogens in insects, fixes hemoglobin of insects to make them resistant to oxidative decay, and changes an original color of insects or their larvae to improve attractiveness and palatability as a fishery feed, and thus can be widely used.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of animal feed, and in particular relates to a treatment agent and a method for improving the attraction of insects or their larvae to aquaculture animals. [Background technology]

[0002] Insects are known for their rich protein content and their extremely simple breeding method. As food, insects contain nutrients such as rich protein, low fat content, and a wide variety of vitamins. Furthermore, as a new protein resource, they have the characteristics of diverse species and sustainable development. For omnivorous and carnivorous freshwater fish, insects are part of their daily feeding, and insect protein provides different nutritional value and flavor from fishmeal, making it a source of high-quality protein for aquaculture animals.

[0003] Traditionally, after harvesting, insects are washed with water and then preserved in various ways. In the related art, the methods of preserving insects mainly include disinfection with ozone or hypochlorous acid, addition of disinfectants, drying, freezing, fermentation, etc. The patent application "Preservation method for insects for animal consumption" (Publication number: CN109965154A) describes that insects are disinfected using ozone water, high temperature, and microwaves, and then frozen for preservation. The patent application "Low-temperature and high-speed partial freezing preservation technology for edible samples and breeding insects" (Publication number: CN109691615A) describes that insects are preserved by directly freezing them in a partial freezing liquid. The patent application "Production method for preserved insects containing probiotics" (Publication number: CN113273639A) describes that the Bash method and fermentation liquid of probiotics are used to inhibit the growth of spoilage microorganisms and achieve the purpose of preserving insects.

[0004] Each of the above insect processing methods has its own advantages and disadvantages. The use of disinfectants can reduce costs, but most of them act on the body surface and cannot completely remove mud and sand in the intestines. The use of disinfectants with ozone or hypochlorous acid will cause the body of the insect to turn black, the flavor of proteins and amino acids to deteriorate, and affect the attractiveness of aquaculture animals. Drying can reduce transportation costs and extend the storage period, but exposure to high temperatures will cause nutrients to be lost, and the product will turn black due to severe oxidation, affecting the quality and appearance of the product, and reducing the attractiveness and palatability of insects. Freezing can preserve nutrients and active substances, but if the insect is frozen directly without sterilization treatment, pathogens are likely to remain in the insect body, affecting the health of aquaculture animals and causing economic losses that are difficult to control. The use of acidic substances in the fermentation liquid of probiotics can effectively inhibit the growth of spoilage microorganisms, but it needs to be combined with other sterilization measures to ensure that the insects reach the appropriate hygiene standards, and the use of high-temperature sterilization will inevitably affect the appearance and flavor of the insects. Therefore, a processing technology is needed that can effectively sterilize pathogens inside insects, remove mud and sand from their intestines, ensure the quality and appearance of insects, and fully utilize the attractiveness and palatability advantages of aquaculture animals. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0005] [Patent Document 1] CN109965154A [Patent Document 2] CN109691615A [Patent Document 3] CN113273639A Summary of the Invention

[0006] The present invention aims to solve at least any of the technical problems of the above-mentioned existing techniques. Therefore, in a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a treatment agent for insects or their larvae that can effectively kill pathogens present in the bodies of insects or their larvae and ensure the quality and appearance of the insects or their larvae.

[0007] In some embodiments of the invention, the treatment agent comprises at least one of a nitrate and a nitrite, and at least one of ascorbic acid, isoascorbic acid, tea polyphenols, and niacinamide.

[0008] In the present invention, the ascorbic acid, isoascorbic acid, tea polyphenols, and niacinamide may be replaced with antioxidants such as ethoxyquinoline, butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), dibutylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), propyl gallate, tert-butylhydroquinone, vitamin E, L-ascorbyl-6-palmitate, rosemary extract, dilauryl thiodipropionate, licorice root extract, phytic acid (inositol hexaphosphate), etc.

[0009] In some embodiments of the present invention, the treatment further comprises water.

[0010] In some embodiments of the invention, the treatment comprises nitrates, nitrites, ascorbic acid, and water.

[0011] In some embodiments of the invention, the treatment comprises nitrite, isoascorbic acid, and water.

[0012] In some embodiments of the invention, the treatment comprises nitrite, ascorbic acid, and water.

[0013] In some embodiments of the invention, the treatment comprises nitrite, tea polyphenols, and water.

[0014] In some embodiments of the invention, the treatment comprises nitrite, niacinamide, and water.

[0015] In some embodiments of the invention, the treatment comprises, by weight percentage, 4-20% each of nitrate and / or nitrite, and 10-40% ascorbic acid, isoascorbic acid, tea polyphenols, or niacinamide.

[0016] In some embodiments of the invention, the treatment comprises the balance water.

[0017] In some embodiments of the invention, the treatment comprises, by weight percentage, 5-20% nitrate and / or 4-15% nitrite, 20-40% ascorbic acid, 25-40% isoascorbic acid, 10-20% tea polyphenols, or 15-30% niacinamide, with the remainder being water.

[0018] In some embodiments of the invention, the nitrate is selected from at least one of sodium nitrate, potassium nitrate, and the nitrite is selected from at least one of sodium nitrite, potassium nitrite.

[0019] In some embodiments of the invention, the insect or larvae thereof is an insect or larvae comprising hemoglobin, the insect or larvae comprising hemoglobin comprising Chironmidae larvae, Lumbricus terrestris, Tubifex, Muscomorpha, Nereis succinea.

[0020] In a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for treating insects or their larvae, said method comprising the steps of:

[0021] Step S1: Washing the insects or their larvae.

[0022] Step S2: The washed insects are immersed in a treatment solution according to the first aspect of the present invention, then taken out and drained.

[0023] In some embodiments of the present invention, the immersion time in the treatment agent solution in step S2 is 0.5 to 16 hours.

[0024] In some embodiments of the present invention, the treatment method further includes the following steps: Step S3: Immerse the insects or their larvae after immersion in the treatment solution in a nutrient solution, and the immersion time in the nutrient solution is 0.5 to 3 hours.

[0025] In some embodiments of the present invention, the nutrient solution in step S3 contains, by weight percentage, 5-15% vitamin complex and 0.5-3% trace element complex.

[0026] In some embodiments of the invention, the vitamin complex in the nutrient solution comprises one or more of vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B3, vitamin B12, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E, and the trace element complex comprises one or more of calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, zinc, manganese, copper, iron, and selenium.

[0027] In some embodiments of the invention, the vitamin complex comprises, by weight percentage, 0.1-0.5% vitamin B1, 0.1-0.5% vitamin B2, 0.4-0.8% vitamin B3, 0.01-0.10% vitamin B12, 2-10% vitamin C, 1-3% vitamin D, and 5-10% vitamin E, and the trace element complex comprises 1-3% calcium, 0.01-0.03% iodine, 0.5-2% zinc, 0.05-0.3% copper, 0.001-0.003% cobalt, and 0.00001-0.00002% selenium.

[0028] In some embodiments of the invention, the vitamin and trace element complex comprises the balance water.

[0029] In some embodiments of the present invention, the time for immersion in the nutrient solution in step S3 is 0.5 to 3 hours.

[0030] In some embodiments of the present invention, the weight ratio of the insects, the treatment solution, and the nutrient solution is 10-30:0.5-4:1-4.

[0031] In some embodiments of the present invention, the weight ratio of the insects, the treatment solution, and the nutrient solution is 10-20:1:1-2.

[0032] In some embodiments of the present invention, the insects or their larvae obtained by the processing method may be further processed, including but not limited to, low temperature freezing, drying, freeze drying, fermentation.

[0033] In some embodiments of the present invention, the low temperature freezing is at a temperature of -20 to -40°C.

[0034] In some embodiments of the present invention, the low temperature freezing time is 20 to 40 minutes.

[0035] In some embodiments of the invention, the freeze-drying is performed in vacuum.

[0036] In some embodiments of the present invention, the freeze-drying temperature is -20 to -30°C.

[0037] In some embodiments of the invention, the freeze-drying time is 15 to 25 hours.

[0038] A third aspect of the present invention provides the use of insects or their larvae obtained by the processing method according to the second aspect in the manufacture of aquatic feed, said aquatic feed including fishing bait, fish feed, shrimp feed, crab feed and turtle feed.

[0039] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0040] 1. When the treatment solution prepared by the present invention is immersed in a live insect, the insect will slowly absorb the treatment agent into its intestines while still alive, and there will be enough time for the insect to expel mud and sand from its intestines. In the treatment solution, nitrates and / or nitrites combine with the hemoglobin of the insect to form nitrosyl hemoglobin, which can further have an antibacterial effect and effectively kill pathogens in the insect. In addition, due to the action of antioxidants such as ascorbic acid or isoascorbic acid in the treatment solution prepared by the present invention, the nitrate ions and / or nitrite ions of the nitrates and / or nitrites are reduced to nitric oxide, and the trivalent iron in the hemoglobin in the insect body is reduced to divalent iron. In an oxygen-deficient environment in the insect body, the hemoglobin combined with divalent iron forms ferrous nitrosohemoglobin, making the iron in the hemoglobin in the insect body more stable and less likely to brown. The insect body after treatment turns reddish purple, which is more effective at attracting aquaculture animals than the natural red color.

[0041] 2. The treatment method of the present invention can convert the hemoglobin in the insect body into stable, clear, reddish purple ferrous nitrosohemoglobin, making the insect body reddish purple, which has a better attracting effect on aquaculture animals and improves the attractiveness and palatability of the insect to aquaculture animals.

[0042] 3. The processing method provided by the present invention is low-cost and easy to operate, completely preserves the nutrients in the obtained insect or larvae products, and is less likely to produce unpleasant odors due to oxidation spoilage or microbial growth. In addition, by changing the color of the insects and largely maintaining their original flavor, the insects are more likely to be found and eaten by aquaculture animals such as fish, shrimp, crabs, and turtles, and have excellent attracting properties to aquaculture animals, and have broad application potential in the production of aquatic feed, etc.

[0043] The invention will now be further described with reference to the drawings and examples. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0044] [Figure 1] 1 is a flow chart of a method for treating insects or their larvae according to the present invention. [Diagram 2] FIG. 1 is a diagram showing semi-finished products obtained in Example 1 of the present invention and Comparative Examples 1 to 3. [Diagram 3] FIG. 1 is a diagram showing frozen products obtained in Example 1 of the present invention and Comparative Examples 1 to 3. [Figure 4] FIG. 1 shows the freeze-dried products obtained in Example 1 of the present invention and Comparative Examples 1 to 3. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0045] The following clearly and completely describes the concept and technical effects of the present invention based on the embodiments, in order to fully understand the objectives, features and effects of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, any other embodiments that a person skilled in the art can obtain without requiring creative labor shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

[0046] The present invention provides a method for treating insects or their larvae. Figure 1 shows the main steps of the method for treating insects or their larvae according to the present invention.

[0047] In the embodiment of the present invention, the room temperatures are all 25°C.

[0048] In the embodiment of the present invention, the vitamin complex contains, by weight percentage, 0.3% vitamin B1, 0.25% vitamin B2, 0.7% vitamin B3, 0.08% vitamin B12, 5% vitamin C, 2% vitamin D, 10% vitamin E, and the remainder is water. The trace element complex contains 2.5% calcium, 0.02% iodine, 1% zinc, 0.15% copper, 0.002% cobalt, 0.00001% selenium, and the remainder is water. The vitamin complex and the trace element complex are both purchased from Guangdong Meirye Marine Biological Technology Co., Ltd.

[0049] Unless otherwise specified, the experimental materials and reagents used in the examples of the present invention are all common consumables and reagents available from commercial sources.

[0050] Example 1

[0051] This embodiment is a specific process for treating insects or their larvae, and the treatment procedure is as follows.

[0052] (1) 100 kg of chironomids (also called red worms. The red worms and chironomids referred to in this invention are the same) were washed with clean water to remove surface impurities.

[0053] (2) 5 kg of treatment solution was prepared and the different components were weighed out by weight percentage: 5% potassium nitrate, 5% sodium nitrite, 20% ascorbic acid, and 70% water. After washing, the red worms were immersed in the treatment solution at room temperature for 12 hours, and then the red worms were taken out.

[0054] (3) 10 kg of nutrient solution was prepared and the different components were weighed out by weight percentage: 10% vitamin complex, 1% trace elements, and 89% water. The red worms soaked in the treatment agent were soaked in the nutrient solution for another 1.5 hours, then drained to form semi-finished products, which were then treated in the following different steps:

[0055] (a) The product was rapidly frozen at -30°C for 30 minutes and then packaged to obtain a frozen product. (b) The product was vacuum freeze-dried by cooling to -25°C in a vacuum and drying for 20 hours to obtain a freeze-dried product.

[0056] Example 2

[0057] This embodiment is a specific process for treating insects or their larvae, and the treatment procedure is as follows.

[0058] (1) 100 kg of earthworms were washed with clean water to remove surface impurities.

[0059] (2) 5 kg of the treatment solution was prepared and the different components were weighed out by weight percentage: 15% sodium nitrite, 25% isoascorbic acid, and 60% water. After washing, the earthworms were immersed in the treatment solution at room temperature for 12 hours, and then the earthworms were taken out.

[0060] (3) 10 kg of nutrient solution was prepared and the different components were weighed out by weight percentage: 5% vitamin complex, 1% trace elements, and 94% water. The earthworms soaked in the treatment were soaked in the nutrient solution for another 0.5 hours, then drained, and the treated earthworms were flash frozen and packaged.

[0061] Example 3

[0062] This embodiment is a specific process for treating insects or their larvae, and the treatment procedure is as follows.

[0063] (1) 100 kg of earthworms were washed with clean water to remove surface impurities.

[0064] (2) 5 kg of the treatment solution was prepared and the different components were weighed out by weight percentage: 15% potassium nitrate, 5% sodium nitrite, 20% ascorbic acid, and 60% water. After washing, the tubifex was immersed in the treatment solution at room temperature for 16 hours, and then the tubifex was taken out.

[0065] (3) 10 kg of nutrient solution was prepared and the different components were weighed out by weight percentage: 5% vitamin complex, 3% trace elements, and 92% water. The treated worms were then soaked in the nutrient solution for another 2 hours, after which the water was drained and the treated worms were flash frozen and packaged.

[0066] Example 4

[0067] This embodiment is a specific process for treating insects or their larvae, and the treatment procedure is as follows.

[0068] (1) 100 kg of bloodworms were washed with clean water to remove surface impurities.

[0069] (2) 5 kg of treatment solution was prepared and the different components were weighed out by weight percentage: 15% sodium nitrite, 20% ascorbic acid, and 65% water. After washing, the red worms were immersed in the treatment solution at room temperature for 16 hours, and then the red worms were taken out.

[0070] (3) 10 kg of nutrient solution was prepared and the different components were weighed out in weight percentages: 12% vitamin complex, 1% trace elements, and 87% water. The treated bloodworms were then soaked in the nutrient solution for another 3 hours, after which the water was drained and the treated bloodworms were flash frozen, freeze-dried and packaged.

[0071] Example 5

[0072] This embodiment is a specific process for treating insects or their larvae, and the treatment procedure is as follows.

[0073] (1) 100 kg of earthworms were washed with clean water to remove surface impurities.

[0074] (2) 5 kg of the treatment solution was prepared, and the different components were weighed out by weight percentage: 4% potassium nitrite, 40% isoascorbic acid, and 56% water. After washing, the tubifex was immersed in the treatment solution at room temperature for 3 hours, and then the tubifex was taken out.

[0075] (3) 10 kg of nutrient solution was prepared and the different components were weighed out in weight percentages: 8% vitamin complex, 0.5% trace elements, and 91.5% water. The treated worms were then soaked in the nutrient solution for another 0.5 hours, after which the water was drained. The treated worms were flash frozen, freeze-dried, and packaged.

[0076] Example 6

[0077] This embodiment is a specific process for treating insects or their larvae, and the treatment procedure is as follows.

[0078] (1) 100 kg of housefly larvae were washed with clean water to remove surface impurities.

[0079] (2) 5 kg of the treatment solution was prepared and the different components were weighed out by weight percentage: 20% sodium nitrate, 40% ascorbic acid, and 40% water. After washing, the house fly larvae were immersed in the treatment solution at room temperature for 0.5 hours, and then the house fly larvae were taken out.

[0080] (3) 10 kg of nutrient solution was prepared and the different components were weighed out by weight percentage: 5% vitamin complex, 2% trace elements, and 93% water. The housefly larvae soaked in the treatment were further soaked in the nutrient solution for 0.5 hours, then drained, and the treated housefly larvae were flash frozen, freeze-dried and packaged.

[0081] Example 7

[0082] This embodiment is a specific process for treating insects or their larvae, and the treatment procedure is as follows.

[0083] (1) 100 kg of bloodworms were washed with clean water to remove surface impurities.

[0084] (2) 10 kg of treatment solution was prepared and the different components were weighed out by weight percentage: 20% potassium nitrite, 30% ascorbic acid, and 50% water. After washing, the red worms were immersed in the treatment solution at room temperature for 15 hours, and then the red worms were taken out.

[0085] (3) 10 kg of nutrient solution was prepared and the different components were weighed out by weight percentage: 8% vitamin complex, 2% trace elements, and 90% water. The treated bloodworms were further soaked in the nutrient solution for 3 hours, then drained. The treated bloodworms were homogenized in a mixer, and a vegetable lactic acid bacteria fermentation liquid was added at 1% of the total weight of the homogenized bloodworms, and the mixture was fermented at room temperature for 5 days.

[0086] Example 8

[0087] This embodiment is a specific process for treating insects or their larvae, and the treatment procedure is as follows.

[0088] (1) 100 kg of bloodworms were washed with clean water to remove surface impurities.

[0089] (2) 10 kg of the treatment solution was prepared, and the different components were weighed out by weight percentage: 12% sodium nitrite, 10% tea polyphenols, and 78% water. After washing, the tubifex worms were immersed in the treatment solution at room temperature for 14 hours, and then the red worms were taken out.

[0090] (3) 10 kg of nutrient solution was prepared and the different components were weighed out in weight percentages: 6% vitamin complex, 1% trace elements, and 93% water. The treated bloodworms were then soaked in the nutrient solution for another hour, after which they were drained and the treated bloodworms were flash frozen and packaged.

[0091] Example 9

[0092] This embodiment is a specific process for treating insects or their larvae, and the treatment procedure is as follows.

[0093] (1) 100 kg of bloodworms were washed with clean water to remove surface impurities.

[0094] (2) 5 kg of the treatment solution was prepared, and the different components were weighed out by weight percentage: 8% sodium nitrite, 20% tea polyphenols, and 72% water. After washing, the red worms were immersed in the treatment solution at room temperature for 10 hours, and then the red worms were taken out.

[0095] (3) 10 kg of nutrient solution was prepared and the different components were weighed out in weight percentages: 15% vitamin complex, 1% trace elements, and 84% water. The treated bloodworms were then soaked in the nutrient solution for another hour, then drained. The treated bloodworms were flash frozen, freeze-dried, and packaged.

[0096] Example 10

[0097] This embodiment is a specific process for treating insects or their larvae, and the treatment procedure is as follows.

[0098] (1) 100 kg of silkworms were washed with clean water to remove surface impurities.

[0099] (2) 5 kg of treatment solution was prepared and the different components were weighed out by weight percentage: 6% potassium nitrite, 15% niacinamide, 79% water. After washing, the silkworms were immersed in the treatment solution at room temperature for 8 hours, and then the silkworms were taken out.

[0100] (3) 10 kg of nutrient solution was prepared and the different components were weighed out by weight percentage: 10% vitamin complex, 2% trace elements, and 88% water. The treated silkworms were further soaked in the nutrient solution for 0.5 hours, then drained, and the treated silkworms were flash frozen and packaged.

[0101] Example 11

[0102] This embodiment is a specific process for treating insects or their larvae, and the treatment procedure is as follows.

[0103] (1) 100 kg of silkworms were washed with clean water to remove surface impurities.

[0104] (2) 10 kg of treatment solution was prepared and the different components were weighed out by weight percentage: 8% potassium nitrite, 30% niacinamide, 62% water. After washing, the silkworms were immersed in the treatment solution at room temperature for 8 hours, and then the silkworms were taken out.

[0105] (3) 10 kg of nutrient solution was prepared and the different components were weighed out by weight percentage, specifically, 10% vitamin complex, 2% trace elements, and 88% water. The treated silkworms were then immersed in the nutrient solution for another 0.5 hours, after which the treated silkworms were flash frozen, freeze-dried, and packaged.

[0106] Example 12

[0107] This embodiment is a specific process for treating insects or their larvae, and the treatment procedure is as follows.

[0108] (1) 100 kg of silkworms were washed with clean water to remove surface impurities.

[0109] (2) 10 kg of treatment solution was prepared and the different components were weighed out by weight percentage: 10% potassium nitrite, 25% ascorbic acid, and 65% water. After washing, the silkworms were immersed in the treatment solution at room temperature for 12 hours, and then the silkworms were taken out. The treated silkworms were flash frozen, freeze-dried, and packaged.

[0110] Example 13

[0111] This embodiment is a specific process for treating insects or their larvae, and the treatment procedure is as follows.

[0112] (1) 100 kg of bloodworms were washed with clean water to remove surface impurities.

[0113] (2) 10 kg of treatment solution was prepared and the different components were weighed out by weight percentage: 20% potassium nitrite, 20% ascorbic acid, and 60% water. After washing, the red worms were immersed in the treatment solution at room temperature for 16 hours, after which the red worms were removed and the treated red worms were flash frozen, freeze-dried, and packaged.

[0114] Comparative Example 1

[0115] This comparative example is a specific process of a currently commercially available method for treating insects or their larvae, or a traditional method for treating insects or their larvae, and the treatment procedure is as follows.

[0116] (1) 100 kg of bloodworms were washed with clean water to remove surface impurities, and the resultant product was a semi-finished product.

[0117] (2) The semi-finished products were subjected to the following different post-treatments: (a) they were rapidly frozen at -30°C for 30 minutes, then packaged and frozen, and (b) they were vacuum freeze-dried by cooling to -25°C in a vacuum and drying for 20 hours to produce freeze-dried products.

[0118] Comparative Example 2

[0119] (1) 100 kg of bloodworms were washed with clean water to remove surface impurities.

[0120] (2) 5 kg of ascorbic acid solution was prepared and the different components were weighed out in weight percentages: 20% ascorbic acid, 80% water. After washing, the red worms were immersed in the treatment solution at room temperature for 12 hours, and then the red worms were removed.

[0121] (3) The bloodworms soaked in the treatment agent were drained and made into semi-finished products. The treated bloodworms were then subjected to the following different post-treatments: (a) Quick-freezing at -30°C for 30 minutes, then packaged and made into frozen products; (b) Vacuum freeze-drying, in which the bloodworms were cooled in a vacuum to -25°C and dried for 20 hours to make freeze-dried products.

[0122] Comparative Example 3

[0123] (1) 100 kg of bloodworms were washed with clean water to remove surface impurities.

[0124] (2) 5 kg of nitrate solution was prepared and the different components were weighed out according to weight percentage: 5% potassium nitrate, 5% sodium nitrite, and 90% water. After washing, the red worms were immersed in the treatment solution at room temperature for 12 hours, and then the red worms were removed.

[0125] (3) The bloodworms soaked in the treatment agent were drained and made into semi-finished products. The semi-finished products were then processed in the following different ways: (a) they were rapidly frozen at -30°C for 30 minutes, then packaged and made into frozen products; (b) they were vacuum-frozen to -25°C, and then dried for 20 hours to make freeze-dried products.

[0126] Comparative verification of the effects of the embodiment and the comparative example

[0127] The effects of the semi-finished and finished insect samples obtained by the processing method of Example 1 of the present invention and the processing methods of Comparative Examples 1 to 3 were compared in terms of appearance and color, nitrosohemoglobin production effect, antibacterial property and preservation resistance, attractiveness as fishing bait, attractiveness as aquatic feed, etc. The specific methods are as follows.

[0128] 1.Appearance and color evaluation

[0129] The semi-finished products, frozen products, and freeze-dried products that were subjected to the corresponding processing methods of Example 1, Comparative Example 1, Comparative Example 2, and Comparative Example 3 were compared with the naked eye in the same observation field and recorded by photographs (see Figures 2 to 4). Among them, the frozen products were designated as Example 1-1, Comparative Example 1-1, Comparative Example 2-1, and Comparative Example 3-1, and the freeze-dried products were designated as Example 1-2, Comparative Example 1-2, Comparative Example 2-2, and Comparative Example 3-2.

[0130] 2 to 4 show that the color of the red worm product obtained in Example 1 is more stable and vivid, and has a better appearance than the red worm products obtained in Comparative Examples 1 to 3.

[0131] 2. Evaluation of nitrosohemoglobin generation effect

[0132] (1) Determination of the nitrosohemoglobin content of the product

[0133] According to the acetone method, 25 g of each of the semi-finished products, frozen products, and freeze-dried products of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 were taken as test samples, which were placed in a sterile homogenizing cup containing 225 ml of physiological saline, and homogenized for 2 minutes in a mixer at 8000 r / min. The homogenized sample solution was filtered, and the filtrate was freeze-dried, transferred to a stoppered test tube, dissolved in an acetone solution with a volume fraction of 80%, and left to stand for a certain period of time at room temperature in the dark until nitrosohemochromogen was completely extracted. The filtrate was taken, and an acetone solution with a mass concentration of 80% was used as a blank, and the absorbance of the test sample at a wavelength of 540 nm was measured with an ultraviolet spectrophotometer, and the results are shown in Table 1.

[0134] (2) Test results

[0135] [Table 1]

[0136] The results show that the treatment method of the present invention can produce insect and larval products containing high concentrations of nitrosohemoglobin, which results in bright red body color of the insects, good appearance of the products, and better attractant effect.

[0137] 3. Antibacterial and storage resistance evaluation

[0138] (1) Preparation of test samples

[0139] 50 g of the semi-finished products of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 were randomly taken and left at room temperature for 6 hours, 12 hours, 1 day, 3 days, 5 days, and 7 days, and the total number of bacteria was measured for each, and antibacterial properties were evaluated. In addition, 50 g of each product was randomly taken and stored under specific storage conditions (-20°C for semi-finished products and frozen products, room temperature for freeze-dried products) for 3 months, 6 months, 12 months, 18 months, 24 months, and 36 months, and the contents of volatile basic nitrogen and nitrosohemoglobin were measured to evaluate storage resistance.

[0140] (2) Total bacteria count of the product

[0141] 25g of each of the test samples stored at room temperature was taken, placed in a sterile homogenizing cup containing 225ml of physiological saline, and homogenized for 2 minutes in a mixer at 8000r / min. After 10-fold serial dilution, 1ml of the homogenous liquid sample was adsorbed onto a sterile plate (Preparation of Plate Count Agar medium: 5.0g tryptone, 2.5g yeast extract, 1.0g glucose, and 15.0g agar were weighed, 1000ml distilled water was added, and the mixture was boiled to dissolve, and the pH was adjusted to 7.0±0.2, followed by high-pressure sterilization at 121°C for 15 minutes), uniformly spread, and cultured at 37°C±1°C for 48 hours. The number of colonies on the plate was counted, and the results are shown in Table 2.

[0142] (3) Measurement of volatile basic nitrogen of the product

[0143] The test sample stored under the above specific storage conditions was crushed, thoroughly mixed, and then packed in a polished bottle for reserve. 10 g of sample was taken and placed in a 250 ml Erlenmeyer flask with a stopper, 100 ml of distilled water was added, and the mixture was shaken and stirred for 30 minutes. 20 ml of a 2% boric acid solution was taken and placed in a 150 ml Erlenmeyer flask, 2 drops of a mixed indicator (a mixture of an equal volume of an ethanol solution of methyl red with a mass concentration of 0.1% and an ethanol solution of bromocresol green with a mass concentration of 0.5%) were added, and the end of the cooling tube of the semi-micro distillation apparatus was immersed in this solution. Two drops of the indicator methyl red and a 0.01 mol / L sulfuric acid solution were added to the water of the steam generator of the distillation apparatus to keep the color of the solution orange-red. Exactly 10 ml of the sample liquid was poured into the reaction chamber of the distillation apparatus, and after washing the sample inlet with a small amount of distilled water, 10 ml of a magnesium oxide suspension with a mass concentration of 1.0% was added. The inlet was sealed with water to prevent air leakage, distilled for 4 minutes, the end of the cooling tube was removed from the surface of the absorbing liquid, distilled for another 1 minute, the end of the cooling tube was washed with distilled water, and the washing liquid was poured into the absorbing liquid. The absorbing liquid that absorbed ammonia was immediately titrated with 0.01 mol / L hydrochloric acid standard solution until the solution changed from blue-green to gray-red. At the same time, a blank measurement of the reagent was performed, and the results are shown in Table 3. In addition, 25 g of the corresponding samples were taken separately, and the absorbance of the test samples with different storage times was measured according to the acetone method of the nitrosohemoglobin content measurement procedure of this embodiment, and the results are shown in Table 4.

[0144] The volatile base nitrogen content ω (mg / g) of the test sample is calculated by the following formula:

[0145]

number

[0146] In the above formula, V1 represents the volume (unit: mL) of the hydrochloric acid standard solution consumed by the sample solution used in the measurement.

[0147] V2 represents the volume (in mL) of hydrochloric acid standard solution consumed by the reagent blank. C represents the actual concentration of the hydrochloric acid standard solution (unit: mol / L). m represents the weight of the sample (unit: g).

[0148] (4) Test results

[0149] [Table 2]

[0150] [Table 3]

[0151] [Table 4]

[0152] The results show that the treatment agent and method of the present invention have good antibacterial effect and storage resistance. In particular, Table 2 shows that the red worm product of the embodiment can effectively inhibit the growth of various bacteria under the same storage conditions. Meanwhile, the volatile basic nitrogen in Table 3 refers to the decomposition of proteins by the action of enzymes and bacteria during the decay process of animal foods, resulting in the production of substances containing basic nitrogen such as ammonia and amines. Such substances are volatile, and the higher the content, the greater the amount of amino acids, especially methionine and tyrosine, that are destroyed, and therefore the nutritional value is greatly reduced. From Table 3, it can be seen that the content of volatile basic nitrogen in the red worm product of Example 1 is lower than those of Comparative Examples 1 to 3. Also, from Table 4, it can be seen that the nitrosohemoglobin content of the sample of Comparative Example 1, which is not treated with a treatment agent, is significantly reduced after 3 months of storage, and the nitrosohemoglobin content of Comparative Example 2 and Comparative Example 3 is significantly reduced even after 12 months. Meanwhile, the sample of Example 1 can maintain a high nitrosohemoglobin content for 36 months. The measurement results show that the treatment agent and method of the present invention can effectively inhibit bacterial growth, prevent protein degradation in insects or their larvae, and maintain the nitrosohemoglobin content in insects for a long time, thereby ensuring the quality and appearance of the insects.

[0153] 3. Evaluation of the attractiveness of the insects obtained by the treatment as fishing bait

[0154] (1) Fish used in the experiment and their husbandry

[0155] Thirty cichlids with an average weight of 87.3 ± 4.7 g were kept in indoor glass tanks (length 120 cm × width 30 cm × height 70 cm) and fed with basal diet, specifically 2% of the fish's body weight daily, and the test was conducted after 15 days. The tank was equipped with a circulating filter and a heating device, and the effective water capacity was 200 liters. During the test period, well-ventilated tap water was used as the water source, the water temperature was kept at 21 ± 1 ° C, oxygen was continuously supplied, and about 1 / 3 of the water was changed once a day.

[0156] (2) Disposal of fishing bait

[0157] Ten red worms each were used as fishing bait from the semi-finished product of Example 1 (Example 1-1), the frozen product (Example 1-2), and the freeze-dried product (Example 1-3), and were designated as test groups. Ten red worms each were used as fishing bait from the semi-finished products of Comparative Examples 1, 2, and 3 (Comparative Example 1-1, Comparative Example 2-1, Comparative Example 3-1), the frozen product (Comparative Example 1-2, Comparative Example 2-2, Comparative Example 3-2), and the freeze-dried product (Comparative Example 1-3, Comparative Example 2-3, Comparative Example 3-3), and were designated as control group 1, control group 2, and control group 3, respectively. The fishing bait was divided into 12 groups in total, each group was tied with cotton thread, and was evenly arranged at 10 cm intervals in a 120 cm long aquarium, positioned in the middle of the width, and placed 25 cm below the water surface.

[0158] (3) Evaluation method for the attraction effect

[0159] The number of times the test fish pecked at the 12 groups of bait was observed and recorded for 15 minutes, the experiment was conducted every other day, and five times were repeated, and the data is expressed as the average value ± standard deviation of five times. The attractiveness of the bait to the cichlids was judged from the number of pecks, and the results are shown in Table 5.

[0160] The semi-finished product, frozen product, and freeze-dried product of Example 1 correspond to the semi-finished product, frozen product, and freeze-dried product of Comparative Example 1, respectively. One cichlid was separated from the other side of the tank by a transparent partition, and the priority of the samples eaten was observed and recorded. The number of times that 30 cichlids in each group nibbled at the fishing bait was recorded. The test was performed every other day and repeated five times, and the data is expressed as the average value ± standard deviation of the five times. The results are shown in Table 6.

[0161] (4) Test results

[0162] [Table 5]

[0163] [Table 6]

[0164] According to the results, the red worms obtained in Example 1 have an excellent attractant effect as fishing bait, and during the test, the number of times that the cichlids pecked at the red worms obtained in Example 1 was higher than that of the red worms obtained in Comparative Examples 1 to 3. Compared to Comparative Example 1, the number of times that the red worms obtained in Example 1 were preferentially fed was higher, and cichlids tended to preferentially feed on the red worm product of Example 1, which indicates that the sample has a bright color and a large attractant effect on fish. The product obtained by this processing method has high storage resistance, excellent attractant effect, and can be widely used as fish bait.

[0165] 4. Evaluation of the attractant effect of the insects obtained by the treatment as aquatic feed

[0166] (1) Fish used in the experiment and their husbandry

[0167] Please refer to the fish and rearing management used in the experiment for evaluating the attractiveness of the fishing bait.

[0168] (2) Evaluation of the attraction effect

[0169] Adopting the free feeding method, referring to the classification of the lure's attractiveness evaluation, the treatment method of the bait administered was changed, that is, the corresponding bloodworm was directly administered as the feed, and 100g of excess feed was administered to each group. The attractiveness is expressed as the average value of the attractiveness index for 30 minutes (when the feed is still remaining at this time). The test was conducted every other day, and repeated five times, and the data is expressed as the average value ± standard deviation of the five times. The results are shown in Table 7.

[0170] The formula for calculating the attraction index is as follows (in the case of freeze-dried products, the remaining feed must be dried before being weighed): Attraction index = 1-weight of remaining feed / weight of administered feed

[0171] (3) Test results

[0172] [Table 7]

[0173] According to the results, the intake amount of the red worms obtained in Example 1 as aquatic feed is obviously higher than that of the other comparative examples, and the attraction index is also higher than that of the red worms obtained in Comparative Examples 1 to 3. The product obtained by this processing method has excellent storage stability, good palatability and attractiveness, and has a wide range of possible applications as aquatic feed.

[0174] The above test results show that insect products treated with this technology have advantages such as vivid color, excellent antibacterial effect, high attractiveness, and high palatability, and have wide applicability in the field of aquatic feed.

[0175] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above with reference to the drawings, the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and various modifications may be made within the scope of knowledge of those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention. Furthermore, the embodiments of the present invention and the features of the embodiments may be combined with each other as long as they are not mutually inconsistent. The invention described in the original claims of this application is now "appended." [1] A treatment agent for insects or their larvae, comprising at least one of a nitrate and a nitrite, and at least one of ascorbic acid, isoascorbic acid, tea polyphenol and niacinamide. [2] The treatment according to [1], characterized in that the treatment contains, by weight percentage, 4 to 20% each of nitrate and / or nitrite, and 10 to 40% of ascorbic acid, isoascorbic acid, tea polyphenol or niacinamide. [3] The treatment agent according to [1] or [2], characterized in that the nitrate is selected from at least one of sodium nitrate and potassium nitrate, and the nitrite is selected from at least one of sodium nitrite and potassium nitrite. [4] The insect or larvae thereof containing hemoglobin include midge larvae, earthworms, tubifex worms, house fly larvae, and sand worms. [5] A method for treating insects or their larvae, comprising step S1 of washing the insects or their larvae, and step S2 of immersing the washed insects in a treatment solution of any one of [1] to [4], removing them, and draining them. [6] The processing method according to [5], wherein the immersion time in the processing solution in step S2 is 0.5 to 16 hours. [7] The treatment method further includes the following steps: immersing the insects or their larvae after immersion in the treatment solution in a nutrient solution, and the immersion time in the nutrient solution is 0.5 to 3 hours. [8] The treatment method according to [7], wherein the nutrient liquid contains, by weight percentage, 5 to 15% of a vitamin complex and 0.5 to 3% of a trace element complex. [9] The method according to [8], wherein the vitamin complex in the nutrient solution contains one or more of vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B3, vitamin B12, vitamin C, vitamin D, and vitamin E, and the trace element complex contains one or more of calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, zinc, manganese, copper, iron, and selenium.

[10] Use of insects or their larvae obtained by any one of the processing methods [5] to [9] in the manufacture of aquatic feed, the aquatic feed including fishing bait, fish feed, shrimp feed, crab feed, and turtle feed.

Claims

1. A treatment agent for insects or their larvae, the treatment agent comprising at least one of nitrates and nitrites, and at least one of ascorbic acid, isoascorbic acid, tea polyphenols and niacinamide, wherein the insect or its larvae is an insect or its larvae containing hemoglobin.

2. 2. The treatment according to claim 1, characterized in that, by weight percentage, the treatment comprises 4-20% each of nitrate and / or nitrite, and 10-40% of ascorbic acid, isoascorbic acid, tea polyphenols or niacinamide.

3. 2. The treatment agent according to claim 1, wherein the nitrate is selected from at least one of sodium nitrate and potassium nitrate, and the nitrite is selected from at least one of sodium nitrite and potassium nitrite.

4. 2. The treatment according to claim 1, wherein the insects or their larvae containing hemoglobin include chironomid larvae and house fly larvae.

5. A step S1 of washing the insects or their larvae; A step S2 of immersing the washed insects or their larvae in a solution of any one of the treatment agents according to claims 1 to 4, taking them out and draining them; 1. A method for treating insects or their larvae, comprising:

6. 6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the immersion time in the solution of the treatment agent in step S2 is 0.5 to 16 hours.

7. The treatment method according to claim 5, further comprising the steps of: immersing the insects or their larvae after immersion in the solution of the treatment agent in a nutrient solution, and the immersion time in the nutrient solution is 0.5 to 3 hours.

8. 8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that, by weight percentage, the nutrient solution contains 5-15% of a vitamin complex and 0.5-3% of a trace element complex.

9. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the vitamin complex in the nutrient solution includes one or more of vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B3, vitamin B12, vitamin C, vitamin D, and vitamin E, and the trace element complex includes one or more of calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, zinc, manganese, copper, iron, and selenium.

10. 6. Use of the insects or their larvae obtained by the method of claim 5 in the manufacture of aquatic feed, characterized in that said aquatic feed includes fishing bait, fish feed, shrimp feed, crab feed, and turtle feed.

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