Oral products containing cannabinoids

Abstract

The present disclosure provides solid products configured for use in the oral cavity and methods for preparing such solid oral products. The products contain an emulsion comprising a continuous phase and a dispersed phase. The emulsion comprises at least one cannabinoid.

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present disclosure relates to oral products, methods for producing oral products, and pouched products and packages containing said oral products. In particular, the present disclosure relates to compositions intended for human use. The compositions are configured for use in the oral cavity and deliver active ingredients during use. Such products include cannabinoids or cannabinoid-derived products. [Background technology]

[0002] Tobacco can be enjoyed in so-called "smokeless" forms. Particularly popular smokeless tobacco products are used by inserting some form of processed tobacco or tobacco-containing preparation into the user's mouth. Traditional forms of such smokeless tobacco products include moist snuff, snus, and chewing tobacco. These are typically formed almost entirely of particulate, granular, or cut tobacco and are either dispensed by the user or presented to the user in individual portions such as disposable pouches or sachets. Other traditional forms of smokeless products include compressed or agglomerated forms such as plugs, tablets, or pellets. Alternative product formats such as tobacco-containing gums and mixtures of tobacco with other plant materials are also known.See, for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 1,376,586 (Schwartz), 4,513,756 (Pittman et al.), 4,528,993 (Sensabaugh, Jr. et al.), 4,624,269 (Story et al.), 4,991,599 (Tibbetts), 4,987,907 (Townsend), 5,092,352 ( Nos. 5,387,416 (White et al.), 6,668,839 (Williams), 6,834,654 (Williams), 6,953,040 (Atchley et al.), 7,032,601 (Atchley et al.), and 7,694,686 (Atchley et al.); U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2004 / 0020503 (Williams s), 2005 / 0115580 (Quinter et al.), 2006 / 0191548 (Strickland et al.), 2007 / 0062549 (Holton, Jr. et al.), 2007 / 0186941 (Holton, Jr. et al.), 2007 / 0186942 (Strickland et al.), 2008 / 0029110 (Dube et al.), 2008 / 002911 See, for example, WO 2004 / 095959 (Arnarp et al.), and WO 2004 / 095959 (for types, ingredients, and processing methods of smokeless tobacco formulations described in WO 2004 / 095959 (Atchley), WO 2004 / 095959 (Atchley), WO 2004 / 095959 (Atchley), WO 2004 / 095959 (Atchley), WO 2004 / 095959 (Atchley), WO 2004 / 095959 (Atchley), and WO 2004 / 095959 (Atchley), WO 2004 / 095959 (Atchley), and for types, ingredients, and processing methods of smokeless tobacco formulations described in ...

[0003] Smokeless tobacco product configurations that combine tobacco materials with various binders and fillers have recently been proposed, with example product formats including lozenges, troches, gels, extrudates, etc. See, for example, U.S. Patent Application Publication Nos. 2008 / 0196730 (Engstrom et al.), 2008 / 0305216 (Crawford et al.), 2009 / 0293889 (Kumar et al.), 2010 / 0291245 (Gao et al.), 2011 / 0139164 (Mua et al.), 2012 / 0037175 (Cantrell et al.), 2012 / 0055494 (Hunt et al.), 2012 / 006361 (Hunt et al.), 2012 / 005617 (Hunt et al.), 2012 / 0055294 (Hunt et al.), 2012 / 005617 ... See the types of products described in US Pat. Nos. 138073 (Cantrell et al.), 2012 / 0138074 (Cantrell et al.), 2013 / 0074855 (Holton, Jr.), 2013 / 0074856 (Holton, Jr.), 2013 / 0152953 (Mua et al.), 2013 / 0274296 (Jackson et al.), 2015 / 0068545 (Moldoveanu et al.), 2015 / 0101627 (Marshall et al.), and 2015 / 0230515 (Lampe et al.).

[0004] All-white snus portions have become increasingly popular, offering a visually appealing, separate alternative to traditional snus. Such newer "white" pouched products may contain bleached tobacco or may be tobacco-free. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0005] [Patent Document 1] U.S. Pat. No. 1,376,586 [Patent Document 2] U.S. Pat. No. 4,513,756 [Patent Document 3] U.S. Pat. No. 4,528,993 [Patent Document 4] U.S. Pat. No. 4,624,269 [Patent Document 5] U.S. Pat. No. 4,991,599 [Patent Document 6] U.S. Pat. No. 4,987,907 [Patent Document 7] U.S. Patent No. 5,092,352 [Patent Document 8] U.S. Pat. No. 5,387,416 [Patent Document 9] U.S. Patent No. 6,668,839 [Patent Document 10] U.S. Patent No. 6,834,654 [Patent Document 11] U.S. Patent No. 6,953,040 [Patent Document 12] U.S. Patent No. 7,032,601 [Patent Document 13] U.S. Patent No. 7,694,686 [Patent Document 14] US Patent Application Publication No. 2004 / 0020503 [Patent Document 15] US Patent Application Publication No. 2005 / 0115580 [Patent Document 16] US Patent Application Publication No. 2006 / 0191548 [Patent Document 17] US Patent Application Publication No. 2007 / 0062549 [Patent Document 18] US Patent Application Publication No. 2007 / 0186941 [Patent Document 19] US Patent Application Publication No. 2007 / 0186942 [Patent Document 20] US Patent Application Publication No. 2008 / 0029110 [Patent Document 21] US Patent Application Publication No. 2008 / 0029116 [Patent Document 22] US Patent Application Publication No. 2008 / 0173317 [Patent Document 23] US Patent Application Publication No. 2008 / 0209586 [Patent Document 24] US Patent Application Publication No. 2009 / 0065013 [Patent Document 25] US Patent Application Publication No. 2010 / 0282267 [Patent Document 26] International Publication No. 2004 / 095959 [Patent Document 27] US Patent Application Publication No. 2008 / 0196730 [Patent Document 28] US Patent Application Publication No. 2008 / 0305216 [Patent Document 29] US Patent Application Publication No. 2009 / 0293889 [Patent Document 30] US Patent Application Publication No. 2010 / 0291245 [Patent Document 31] US Patent Application Publication No. 2011 / 0139164 [Patent Document 32] US Patent Application Publication No. 2012 / 0037175 [Patent Document 33] US Patent Application Publication No. 2012 / 0055494 [Patent Document 34] US Patent Application Publication No. 2012 / 0138073 [Patent Document 35] US Patent Application Publication No. 2012 / 0138074 [Patent Document 36] US Patent Application Publication No. 2013 / 0074855 [Patent Document 37] US Patent Application Publication No. 2013 / 0074856 [Patent Document 38] US Patent Application Publication No. 2013 / 0152953 [Patent Document 39] US Patent Application Publication No. 2013 / 0274296 [Patent Document 40] US Patent Application Publication No. 2015 / 0068545 [Patent Document 41] US Patent Application Publication No. 2015 / 0101627 [Patent Document 42] US Patent Application Publication No. 2015 / 0230515 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0006] It would be desirable to provide a product adapted for use in the oral cavity that can deliver active ingredients to the consumer in an enjoyable form, such as in the form of a pouched product. [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] (Brief summary) According to some embodiments described herein, there is provided an oral product comprising an emulsion comprising a continuous phase and a dispersed phase, the emulsion comprising at least one cannabinoid, and the oral product is in the form of a solid oral product.

[0008] According to some embodiments described herein, there is provided a pouched oral product comprising a saliva-permeable pouch and a solid oral product as defined herein incorporated within the pouch.

[0009] According to some embodiments described herein, there is provided a package containing a solid oral product as defined herein, or at least one pouched oral product as defined herein.

[0010] According to some embodiments described herein, there is provided a method for preparing a solid oral product containing an emulsion comprising a continuous phase and a dispersed phase, the method comprising: (a) forming an emulsion in which the continuous phase, the dispersed phase, or both phases contain at least one cannabinoid; (b) processing the emulsion to provide a solid form oral product. A method is provided that includes:

[0011] According to some embodiments described herein, there is provided the use of an emulsion to improve buccal release of cannabinoids.

[0012] According to some embodiments described herein, there is provided a use of an emulsion to improve absorption of cannabinoids to the oral mucosa.

[0013] There is also provided, according to some embodiments described herein, an oral product comprising a cannabinoid, wherein at least 25% by weight of the cannabinoid is absorbed into the oral mucosa within up to about 60 minutes of the oral product being placed in the oral cavity of a user.

[0014] The present disclosure includes, but is not limited to, the following embodiments.

[0015] Embodiment 1: An oral product comprising an emulsion comprising a continuous phase and a dispersed phase, wherein the emulsion comprises at least one cannabinoid, and wherein the oral product is in the form of a solid oral product.

[0016] Embodiment 2: An oral product according to embodiment 1, wherein the continuous phase, the dispersed phase or both the dispersed and continuous phases contain at least one cannabinoid.

[0017] Embodiment 3: An oral product according to embodiment 1 or 2, wherein the continuous phase is an aqueous phase.

[0018] Embodiment 4: An oral product according to any one of embodiments 1 to 3, wherein the dispersed phase is an oil phase.

[0019] Embodiment 5: An oral product according to any one of embodiments 1 to 4, wherein the cannabinoid is present in the dispersed phase.

[0020] Embodiment 6: An oral product according to any one of embodiments 1 to 5, wherein the emulsion is in the form of a nanoemulsion.

[0021] Embodiment 7: An oral product according to any one of embodiments 1 to 6, wherein the zeta potential of the emulsion is less than about -30 mV.

[0022] Embodiment 8: The oral product of any one of embodiments 1-7, wherein the oral product comprises an amount of emulsion of about 20% to about 40% by weight of the oral product.

[0023] Embodiment 9: The oral product of any one of embodiments 1 to 8, wherein the oral product comprises a cannabinoid in an amount of about 5% to about 15% by weight of the oral product.

[0024] Embodiment 10: The oral product according to any one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the cannabinoid is selected from the group consisting of cannabigerol (CBG), cannabichromene (CBC), cannabidiol (CBD), tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabinol (CBN) and cannabinodiol (CBDL), cannabicyclol (CBL), cannabivarin (CBV), tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV), cannabidivarin (CBDV), cannabichromevarin (CBCV), cannabigerovarin (CBGV), cannabigerol monomethyl ether (CBGM), cannabinerolic acid, cannabidiolic acid (CBDA), cannabinol propyl variant (CBNV), cannabiditriol (CBO), tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA), tetrahydrocannabivarinic acid (THCV A) and mixtures thereof.

[0025] Embodiment 11: The oral product of any one of embodiments 1 to 10, wherein the cannabinoid comprises cannabidiol.

[0026] Embodiment 12: The oral product of any one of embodiments 1 to 11, wherein the cannabinoid comprises cannabidiol in an amount of at least 98% by weight of the cannabinoid.

[0027] Embodiment 13: An oral product according to any one of embodiments 1 to 12, wherein the emulsion further comprises one or more emulsifiers.

[0028] Embodiment 14: The oral product of embodiment 13, wherein the one or more emulsifiers have a total HLB value of about 11 to about 15.

[0029] Embodiment 15: An oral product according to any one of embodiments 1 to 14, comprising a first emulsifier having an HLB value of about 1 to about 9, and a second emulsifier having an HLB value of about 10 to about 20.

[0030] Embodiment 16: An oral product according to embodiment 15, wherein the first emulsifier is selected from the group consisting of glycol distearate, sorbitan trioleate, propylene glycol isostearate, glycol stearate, sorbitan sesquioleate, glyceryl stearate, lecithin, sorbitan oleate, sorbitan monostearate, sorbitan stearate, sorbitan isostearate, steareth-2, oleth-2, glyceryl laurate, ceteth-2, PEG-30 dipolyhydroxystearate, glyceryl stearate SE, sorbitan stearate (and) sucrose cocoate, PEG-4 dilaurate, methyl glucose sesquistearate, PEG-8 dioleate, sorbitan laurate, PEG-40 sorbitan perolate and mixtures thereof.

[0031] Embodiment 17: The second emulsifier is selected from the group consisting of laureth-4, PEG-7 glyceryl cocoate, PEG-20 almond glycerides, PEG-25 hydrogenated castor oil, stearamid MEA, glyceryl stearate (and) PEG-100 stearate, polysorbate 85, PEG-7 olivate, cetearyl glucoside, PEG-8 oleate, polyglyceryl-3 methyl glucose distearate, oleth-10, oleth-10 / polyoxyl 10 oleyl ether NF, ceteth-10, PEG-8 laurate, cocamide MEA, polysorbate 60, polysorbate 17. The oral product according to embodiment 15 or 16, wherein the polyoxyethylene stearate is selected from the group consisting of sorbitan laurate, glyceryl stearate, isosteareth-20, PEG-60 almond glycerides, PEG-20 methyl glucose sesquistearate, ceteareth-20, oleth-20, steareth-20, steareth-21, ceteth-20, isoceteth-20, polysorbate 20, laureth-23, PEG-100 stearate, steareth-100, PEG-80 sorbitan laurate, polyoxyethylene stearates (e.g., polyoxyethylene (40) stearate), polyoxyethylene ethers, and mixtures thereof.

[0032] Embodiment 18: The oral product of any one of embodiments 1-17, wherein the oral product further comprises a filler.

[0033] Embodiment 19: The oral product of embodiment 18, wherein the filler is a cellulosic material selected from the group consisting of corn fiber, oat fiber, barley fiber, rye fiber, buckwheat fiber, sugar beet fiber, bran fiber, bamboo fiber, wood pulp fiber, cotton fiber, citrus pulp fiber, grass fiber, willow fiber, poplar fiber, cocoa fiber, derivatives thereof and combinations thereof.

[0034] Embodiment 20: The oral product of embodiment 18 or 19, wherein the filler is microcrystalline cellulose.

[0035] Embodiment 21: The oral product of any one of embodiments 18-20, wherein the filler is present in an amount of about 55% to about 95% by weight of the oral product.

[0036] Embodiment 22: An oral product according to any one of embodiments 1 to 21, comprising water in an amount less than 30% by weight of the oral product.

[0037] Embodiment 23: The oral product of any one of embodiments 1 to 22, further comprising at least one additive selected from the group consisting of flavoring agents, taste modifiers, preservatives, humectants, sweetening agents, binders, buffers, stabilizers, salts, and mixtures thereof.

[0038] Embodiment 24: The oral product of embodiment 23, wherein the humectant is selected from the group consisting of glycerin, 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-propanediol, sorbitol, xylitol, maltitol, and mixtures thereof.

[0039] Embodiment 25: An oral product according to any one of embodiments 1 to 24, wherein the water activity of the oral product is less than or equal to 0.85.

[0040] Embodiment 26: The oral product of any one of embodiments 1 to 25, wherein the oral product is chemically and physically stable for at least 6 months.

[0041] Embodiment 27: An oral product according to any one of embodiments 1 to 26, wherein when placed in the oral cavity of a user, at least 50% by weight of the cannabinoids is released within up to about 60 minutes.

[0042] Embodiment 28: The oral product of embodiment 27, wherein at least 30% by weight of the released cannabinoids is absorbed into the oral mucosa within up to about 60 minutes.

[0043] Embodiment 29: An oral product according to any one of embodiments 1 to 28, wherein the oral product is in the form of a powder, lozenges, tablets or chewing gum.

[0044] Embodiment 30: A pouched oral product comprising a saliva-permeable pouch and, incorporated within the pouch, a solid oral product as defined in any one of embodiments 1 to 29.

[0045] Embodiment 31: A package containing a solid oral product as defined in any one of embodiments 1 to 29, or at least one pouched oral product as defined in embodiment 30.

[0046] Embodiment 32: A method for preparing a solid oral product containing an emulsion comprising a continuous phase and a dispersed phase, comprising: (a) forming an emulsion in which the continuous phase, the dispersed phase, or both phases contain at least one cannabinoid; (b) processing the emulsion to provide a solid form oral product. The method includes:

[0047] Embodiment 33: The method of embodiment 32, wherein the oral product comprises a filler and optionally other additives, and step (b) comprises contacting the emulsion with the filler and optionally other additives to provide the oral product in solid form.

[0048] Embodiment 34: Use of an emulsion to improve buccal release of cannabinoids.

[0049] Embodiment 35: Use of an emulsion to improve absorption of cannabinoids to the oral mucosa.

[0050] Embodiment 36: An oral product comprising a cannabinoid, wherein when the oral product is placed in the oral cavity of a user, at least 25% by weight of the cannabinoid is absorbed into the oral mucosa within up to about 60 minutes.

[0051] Embodiment 37: A product, package, method or use according to any one of embodiments 1 to 36, wherein the cannabinoid is replaced in whole or in part by a cannabimimetic.

[0052] These and other features, aspects, and advantages of the present disclosure will become apparent from the following detailed description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, which are briefly described below. The present invention includes any combination of two, three, four, or more of the above-described embodiments, and any combination of any two, three, four, or more features or elements described in this disclosure, whether or not such features or elements are explicitly combined in the description of a particular embodiment herein. The present disclosure is intended to be read in its entirety, and unless otherwise clearly indicated by the context, any separable features or elements of the disclosed invention should be construed as combinable as intended in any of its various aspects and embodiments.

[0053] Having thus described aspects of the present disclosure in the foregoing general terms, reference will now be made to the accompanying drawings, which are not necessarily drawn to scale. The drawings are merely illustrative and should not be construed as limiting the disclosure. Embodiments of the present invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: [Brief description of the drawings]

[0054] [Figure 1] FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a pouched product showing the entire width of the product and illustrating the outer pouch filled with a composition of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0055] As described herein, there is provided an oral product comprising an emulsion comprising a continuous phase and a dispersed phase, the emulsion comprising at least one cannabinoid, and the oral product is in the form of a solid oral product.

[0056] The present disclosure will now be described more fully with reference to exemplary embodiments. These exemplary embodiments are provided so that the disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art. Indeed, the present disclosure may be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as being limited to the embodiments set forth herein, but rather, these embodiments are provided so that the disclosure will satisfy applicable legal requirements. As used in this specification and claims, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. References to "dry weight percent" or "dry weight basis" refer to weight based on dry ingredients. References to "wet weight" refer to the weight of the composition, including water. Unless otherwise indicated, references to "weight percent" of a composition reflect the total wet weight of the composition (i.e., including water).

[0057] As described herein, the oral product is a solid oral product. The solid products of the present invention are compositions that can substantially maintain their physical form when not supported by external means, such as packaging. They are therefore considered to be solid, solid-like, solid-form, or solid-like at room temperature. For the avoidance of doubt, the solid product should remain substantially solid up to 30°C.

[0058] By solid-like, it is understood that some materials are routinely considered to be solids, but may change shape over very long periods of time, for example amorphous materials such as glass, but are considered solid-like because they are solid for the purposes they fulfill.

[0059] The products described herein contain an emulsion comprising a continuous phase and a dispersed phase, the emulsion comprising at least one cannabinoid. The relative amounts of the various components in the product may vary and are typically selected to provide the oral product with the desired sensory and performance characteristics. Examples of individual components of the product are described below.

[0060] Emulsions Dispersed Phase and Continuous Phase As described herein, an emulsion comprises a continuous phase and a dispersed phase. The emulsion further comprises at least one cannabinoid.

[0061] An emulsion may include an oil phase as the continuous or dispersed phase. An emulsion may include an aqueous phase as the continuous or dispersed phase. In some embodiments, an emulsion includes an oil phase as the continuous phase and an aqueous phase as the dispersed phase (i.e., a water-in-oil emulsion). In some embodiments, an emulsion includes an aqueous phase as the continuous phase and an oil phase as the dispersed phase (i.e., an oil-in-water emulsion). In some embodiments, an emulsion may be a water-in-oil-in-water emulsion. In some embodiments, an emulsion may be an oil-in-water-in-oil emulsion.

[0062] Any suitable oil can be used to form the emulsions disclosed herein, including petroleum-based (e.g., mineral oil) and natural or naturally derived oils (e.g., from plant materials or animal sources). In some embodiments, the oil comprises mineral oil. In some embodiments, the oil comprises a long chain fatty acid, a monoacylglycerol, a diacylglycerol, a triacylglycerol, or a combination thereof, where the acyl group is a long chain fatty acid. As used herein, "long chain fatty acid" refers to a carboxylic acid (COH) having an aliphatic carbon chain of about 11 to about 21 carbon atoms. The aliphatic carbon chain can be linear or branched. The aliphatic carbon chain can be saturated (i.e., all sp 3As used herein, the term "unsaturated" refers to an aliphatic carbon chain that is not saturated (i.e., has at least one site of unsaturation) or has no carbon-carbon, sp 2 It refers to the presence of a double bond. Unsaturated alkyl groups can be monounsaturated or polyunsaturated. Representative long chain fatty acids include, but are not limited to, undecylic acid, undecanoic acid, lauric acid, tridecanoic acid, myristic acid, pentadecanoic acid, palmitic acid, margaric acid, stearic acid, nonadecanoic acid, arachidic acid, heneicosaenoic acid, alpha-linolenic acid, stearidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, cervonic acid, linoleic acid, linolelide acid, gamma-linolenic acid, dihomo-y-linolenic acid, and arachidonic acid.

[0063] In some embodiments, the oil comprises an acylglycerol, such as a monoacylglycerol, a diacylglycerol, or a triacylglycerol, where the acyl group is a long chain fatty acid as described herein. In some embodiments, the oil comprises a triacylglycerol, where the acyl group is a long chain fatty acid as described herein. In some embodiments, the oil comprises a polyunsaturated long chain fatty acid, or a mono-, di-, or triacylglycerol containing a polyunsaturated long chain fatty acid as the acyl component. The chain length of the fatty acid in naturally occurring triglycerides varies, but is typically 16, 18, or 20 carbon atoms.

[0064] In some embodiments, the concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the oil (as free fatty acids or, for example, as triglycerides) may range from about 2 to 100% (w / w), such as from about 5 to 100% (w / w), or greater than 10% by weight, such as from 20 to 80% (w / w).

[0065] In some embodiments, the oil may be composed primarily of long-chain triacylglycerols (LCT). In some embodiments, the oil may include medium-chain triacylglycerols (MCT) and / or short-chain triacylglycerols (SCT). In some embodiments, the oil includes castor oil, corn oil, coconut oil, cod liver oil, evening primrose oil, cottonseed oil, palm oil, rice bran oil, sesame oil, rapeseed oil, canola oil, cocoa butter, linseed oil, olive oil, peanut oil, soybean oil, safflower oil, linseed oil, sunflower oil, olive oil, or combinations thereof.

[0066] The amount of oil present in the emulsion can vary, in some embodiments, the emulsion comprises oil in an amount of about 1% to about 80% by weight, such as about 5% to about 60% by weight, such as about 5% to about 50% by weight, such as about 5% to about 30% by weight, such as about 10% to about 20% by weight, based on the total weight of the emulsion.

[0067] An emulsion may include water in the continuous or dispersed phase. That is, an emulsion may include an aqueous phase. The water may be present, for example, as purified or ultrapure water, saline, buffered saline, or buffered aqueous phase. The water content of the emulsion may vary depending on the desired properties. In some embodiments, the water content is about 10% to about 90% by weight, based on the total weight of the emulsion. In some embodiments, the water content is about 15% to about 60% by weight, such as about 20% to about 50% by weight, such as about 25% to about 40% by weight, based on the total weight of the emulsion.

[0068] In some embodiments, additional hydrophilic water-soluble components may be added to the water, including short chain monohydric, dihydric, and polyhydric alcohols (e.g., ethanol, benzyl alcohol, glycerol, propylene glycol, propylene carbonate, polyethylene glycols having an average molecular weight of about 200 to about 10,000, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, and combinations thereof).

[0069] The amount of emulsion in the oral product can vary and can be any suitable amount to form a solid product suitable for oral use. In some embodiments, the emulsion is present in the oral product in an amount of about 1% to about 75% by weight of the oral product, such as about 5% to about 60% by weight of the oral product, such as about 10% to about 50% by weight of the oral product, such as about 15% to about 45% by weight of the oral product, such as about 20% to about 40% by weight of the oral product, such as about 25% to about 40% by weight of the oral product, such as about 30% to about 40% by weight of the oral product.

[0070] In some embodiments, the emulsion is present in the oral product in an amount of about 20% to about 40% by weight of the oral product.

[0071] For the avoidance of doubt, combinations of the above endpoints are expressly contemplated by this disclosure, as are any of the ranges disclosed herein.

[0072] Emulsion morphology In some embodiments, the emulsion is in the form of a microemulsion, hi some embodiments, the emulsion is in the form of a nanoemulsion.

[0073] Nanoemulsions are colloidal particulate systems with particles in the submicron size range. Particulate matter (also referred to herein as droplets or particles) are generally solid spheres, and the surface of such particles is amorphous and negatively charged and lipophilic. Nanoemulsions generally contain nanoscale particles or droplets with an average size of less than about 1,000 nm. Nanoemulsions described herein contain nanoparticles (or nanodroplets) of a dispersed phase emulsified in a continuous phase. In some embodiments, nanoemulsions contain nanoparticles of an oil phase emulsified in a water or aqueous phase.

[0074] The nanoemulsion comprises the cannabinoid, preferably in an oil phase. Thus, in some embodiments, the oral product comprises a nanoemulsion comprising nanoparticles of an oil phase dispersed in an aqueous phase, with the cannabinoid contained within the nanoparticles of the dispersed phase.

[0075] The nanoemulsion may further comprise an emulsifier. The relative amounts of these various components in the nanoemulsion may vary and are typically selected to impart the desired sensory and performance characteristics to the nanoemulsion. Suitable amounts are described herein with reference to emulsions generally.

[0076] The nanoemulsions described herein generally comprise nanoscale particles having an average diameter of about 10 nm to about 1,000 nm, e.g., about 10 nm to about 200 nm, about 20 nm to about 100 nm, or about 40 nm to about 100 nm. In some embodiments, the average particle diameter is about 100 nm, about 90 nm, about 80 nm, about 70 nm, about 60 nm, about 50 nm, or about 40 nm. In some embodiments, the average particle diameter is about 40 nm to about 80 nm. In some embodiments, the average particle diameter is about 40 nm to about 80 nm and the nanoemulsion is transparent.

[0077] The size of nanoparticles can be determined by quasi-elastic light scattering (QELS) as described in Bloomfield, Ann. Rev. Biophys. Bioeng., vol. 10, pp. 421-450 (1981), which is incorporated herein by reference. It can also be measured by correlation spectroscopy, which analyzes the fluctuations in light scattering due to Brownian motion, or by transmission electron microscopy (TEM).

[0078] The nanoemulsions described herein may be characterized by reference to the polydispersity index. Polydispersity indicates the uniformity of the droplet diameter of the nanoemulsion. The higher the polydispersity value, the less uniform the droplet diameter. It may be defined as the ratio of the standard deviation to the average droplet diameter. This ratio may be measured by spectrophotometry. In some embodiments, it may be advantageous to provide nanoemulsions with a low polydispersity index, for example less than about 0.5. In some embodiments, the nanoemulsions have a polydispersity index of less than about 0.3.

[0079] The nanoemulsions described herein may be characterized by reference to the zeta potential. The zeta potential is a measure of the charge on the surface of the droplets in the emulsion (or nanoemulsion). In some embodiments, the zeta potential of the nanoparticles is less than about -10 mV. In some embodiments, the zeta potential of the nanoparticles is less than about -20 mV. In some embodiments, the zeta potential of the nanoparticles is less than about -30 mV. In some embodiments, the zeta potential of the nanoparticles is less than about -40 mV. In some embodiments, the zeta potential of the nanoparticles is less than about -50 mV. In some embodiments, the zeta potential of the nanoparticles is between about -100 mV and about -10 mV, such as between about -100 mV and about -20 mV, such as between about -100 mV and about -30 mV, such as between about -100 mV and about -40 mV, such as between about -100 mV and about -50 mV. As will be understood by those skilled in the art, zeta potential is a measure of the charge on the surface of particles in a colloidal dispersion. Zeta potential can be measured with a zeta analyzer, such as a Malvern Zetasizer.

[0080] active ingredient As described herein, emulsions (e.g., nanoemulsions) include at least one cannabinoid. The cannabinoid may be present in the continuous phase, the dispersed phase, or both the continuous and dispersed phases. In some embodiments, the cannabinoid is present in the continuous phase. In some embodiments, the cannabinoid is present in the dispersed phase. In some embodiments, the cannabinoid is present in both the continuous and dispersed phases.

[0081] As described above, the emulsion may include an oil phase and an aqueous phase. In some embodiments, the cannabinoid may be present in the oil phase. In some embodiments, the cannabinoid may be present in the aqueous phase. In some embodiments, the cannabinoid may be present in both the aqueous and oil phases.

[0082] In some embodiments, the emulsion is an oil-in-water emulsion and the cannabinoid is present in the dispersed oil phase, in some embodiments, the emulsion is a water-in-oil emulsion and the cannabinoid is present in the continuous oil phase.

[0083] In some embodiments, the emulsion is a nanoemulsion comprising nanoparticles of an oil phase dispersed in an aqueous phase, hi some embodiments, the cannabinoid is present within the nanoparticles of the oil phase in the nanoemulsion.

[0084] Cannabinoids are a class of natural or synthetic compounds that act on cannabinoid receptors (i.e., CB1 and CB2) in cells to inhibit the release of neurotransmitters in the brain. Cannabinoids are cyclic molecules that exhibit certain properties, such as the ability to easily cross the blood-brain barrier. Cannabinoids can occur naturally in plants such as cannabis (phytocannabinoids), come from animals (endocannabinoids), or are artificially produced (synthetic cannabinoids). Cannabis species exhibit at least 85 different phytocannabinoids, including cannabigerol, cannabichromene, cannabidiol, tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabinol and cannabinodiol, as well as other cannabinoids such as cannabigerol (CBG), cannabichromene (CBC), cannabidiol (CBD), tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabinol (CBN) and cannabinodiol (CBDL), cannabicyclol (CBL), cannabivarin (CBV), tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV), cannabidivarin (CBDV), cannabichromevarin (CBCV), cannabigerovarin (CBGV), cannabigerol monomethyl ether (CBGM), cannabinerolic acid, cannabidiolic acid (CBDA), cannabinol propyl variant (CBNV), cannabiditriol (CBO), tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA), and tetrahydrocannabivarinic acid (THCV). A) can be classified into a subclass including

[0085] In some embodiments, the cannabinoid is selected from the group consisting of cannabigerol (CBG), cannabichromene (CBC), cannabidiol (CBD), tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabinol (CBN) and cannabinodiol (CBDL), cannabicyclol (CBL), cannabivarin (CBV), tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV), cannabidivarin (CBDV), cannabichromevarin (CBCV), cannabigerovarin (CBGV), cannabigerol monomethyl ether (CBGM), cannabinerolic acid, cannabidiolic acid (CBDA), cannabinol propyl variant (CBNV), cannabiditriol (CBO), tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA), tetrahydrocannabivarinic acid (THCV A), and mixtures thereof. In some embodiments, the cannabinoid comprises at least tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). In some embodiments, the cannabinoid is tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). In some embodiments, the cannabinoid comprises at least cannabidiol (CBD). In some embodiments, the cannabinoid is cannabidiol (CBD).

[0086] In some embodiments, the cannabinoid is cannabidiol (CBD) or a pharma- ceutically acceptable salt thereof. In some embodiments, the cannabidiol is synthetic cannabidiol. In some embodiments, the cannabinoid is added to the emulsion in the form of an isolate. In some embodiments, the cannabidiol is added to the emulsion in the form of an isolate. An isolate is an extract from a plant, such as cannabis, in which the active substance of interest (in this case, a cannabinoid, such as CBD) is present at a high purity, for example, greater than 95%, greater than 96%, greater than 97%, greater than 98%, or greater than about 99% purity.

[0087] In some embodiments, the cannabinoid is a high purity isolate of CBD and the amount of other cannabinoids in the oral product is about 1% or less by weight of the oral product, such as about 0.5% or less by weight of the oral product, such as about 0.1% or less by weight of the oral product, for example about 0.01% or less by weight of the oral product.

[0088] The selection of cannabinoids and the specific percentages thereof that may be present in the disclosed emulsions may vary depending on the desired flavor, texture, and other characteristics of the emulsion and any product into which the emulsion is incorporated.

[0089] In some embodiments, the cannabinoid (e.g., cannabidiol) is present at a concentration of at least about 0.001% by weight of the emulsion, such as from about 0.001% to about 30% by weight of the emulsion. In some embodiments, the cannabinoid (e.g., cannabidiol) is present at a concentration of about 0.1% to about 20% by weight, based on the total weight of the emulsion. In some embodiments, the cannabinoid (e.g., cannabidiol) is present at a concentration of about 0.1% to about 10% by weight, such as from about 0.5% to about 10% by weight, such as from about 1% to about 10% by weight, based on the total weight of the emulsion. In some embodiments, the cannabinoid (e.g., cannabidiol) is present at a concentration of about 2.5% to about 15% by weight, such as from about 5% to about 15% by weight, such as from about 5% to about 10% by weight, based on the total weight of the emulsion.

[0090] In some embodiments, the cannabinoid (e.g., cannabidiol) is present at a concentration of at least about 0.001% by weight of the emulsion, for example, in the range of about 0.001% to about 20% by weight of the emulsion. In some embodiments, the cannabinoid (e.g., cannabidiol) is present in the oral product at a concentration of about 0.1% to about 15% by weight, based on the total weight of the oral product. In some embodiments, the cannabinoid (e.g., cannabidiol) is present at a concentration of about 1% to about 15% by weight, for example, about 5% to about 15% by weight, based on the total weight of the oral product. In some embodiments, the cannabinoid (e.g., cannabidiol) is present in the oral product at a concentration of about 0.5% to about 10% by weight, for example, about 1% to about 7.5% by weight, for example, 1.5% to about 5% by weight, for example, about 1.5% to about 2.5% by weight, based on the total weight of the oral product.

[0091] In some embodiments, the emulsion comprises a cannabinoid in an oil phase. The weight ratio of cannabinoid to oil can be any suitable ratio to provide an effective amount of cannabinoid while dispersing (or dissolving) the cannabinoid in the oil. In some embodiments, the weight ratio of cannabinoid to oil in the oil phase is about 2:1 to about 1:20, such as about 1:1 to about 1:10, such as about 1:1 to about 1:5, such as about 1:2.

[0092] Alternatively, or in addition to cannabinoids, oral products may contain cannabimimetics.Cannabimimetics are a class of compounds derived from plants other than cannabis that have biological effects on the endocannabinoid system similar to cannabinoids.Examples include yangonin, α-amyrin or β-amyrin (also classified as terpenes), cyanidin, curcumin (turmeric), catechin, quercetin, salvinorin A, N-acylethanolamines, and N-alkylamide lipids.Such compounds can be used in the same amounts and ratios as described herein for cannabinoids.

[0093] In some embodiments, the emulsion may include an additional active ingredient in combination with the cannabinoid. In some embodiments, two or more active ingredients may be incorporated into the same emulsion. For example, the emulsion may include one or more active ingredients in addition to the cannabinoid.

[0094] As used herein, "active ingredient" refers to one or more substances belonging to any of the following categories: API (active pharmaceutical ingredient), food additive, natural drug, and substances of natural origin that may have an effect on humans. Examples of active ingredients include any ingredient known to affect one or more biological functions in the body, such as ingredients that provide pharmacological activity or other direct effects in the diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment, or prevention of disease, or ingredients that affect the structure or any function of the human body (e.g., produce a stimulant effect on the central nervous system, an energizing effect, an antipyretic or analgesic effect, or an effect that is otherwise beneficial to the body). In some embodiments, the active ingredient may be of the type commonly referred to as a dietary supplement, nutraceutical, "botanical compound," or "functional food." These types of additives have been defined in the art to encompass substances that provide one or more beneficial biological effects (e.g., health promotion, disease prevention, or other medicinal properties), typically available from naturally derived sources (e.g., botanical materials), but are not classified or regulated as drugs.

[0095] Non-limiting examples of active ingredients include those that fall into the botanical ingredient category (e.g., hemp, lavender, peppermint, eucalyptus, rooibos, fennel, clove, chamomile, basil, rosemary, clove, citrus, ginger, cannabis, ginseng, maca, and tisane), stimulants (e.g., caffeine or guarana), amino acids (e.g., taurine, theanine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan), vitamins (B6, B12, and C), antioxidants, nicotine ingredients, pharmaceutical ingredients (e.g., nutraceutical and pharmaceutical ingredients), and / or melatonin. Each of these categories is further described below. The particular choice of active ingredient will depend on the desired flavor, texture, and desired characteristics of the particular product.

[0096] The specific percentage of active ingredients present will vary depending on the desired characteristics of the particular product. Typically, the active ingredients or combinations thereof are present at a total concentration of at least about 0.001% by weight of the composition, for example, in the range of about 0.001% to about 20% by weight. In some embodiments, the active ingredients or combinations of active ingredients are present at a concentration of about 0.1% (w / w) to about 10% by weight, for example, about 0.5% (w / w) to about 10% by weight, 1% to about 10% by weight, about 1% to about 5% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition. In some embodiments, the active ingredient or combination of active ingredients is present in an amount of about 0.001%, about 0.01%, about 0.1%, or about 1% up to about 20% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition, for example, about 0.001%, about 0.002%, about 0.003%, about 0.004%, about 0.005%, about 0.006%, about 0.007%, about 0.008%, about 0.009%, about 0.01%, about 0.02%, about 0.03%, about 0.04%, about 0.05%, about 0.06%, about The active ingredient is present in a concentration of about 0.07%, about 0.08%, about 0.09%, about 0.1%, about 0.2%, about 0.3%, about 0.4%, about 0.5%, about 0.6%, about 0.7%, about 0.8%, or about 0.9% to about 1%, about 2%, about 3%, about 4%, about 5%, about 6%, about 7%, about 8%, about 9%, about 10%, about 11%, about 12%, about 13%, about 14%, about 15%, about 16%, about 17%, about 18%, about 19%, or about 20% by weight. Further suitable ranges for certain active ingredients are provided herein below.

[0097] Botanical In some embodiments, the active ingredient comprises a botanical ingredient. As used herein, the term "botanical ingredient" or "botanical" refers to any plant or fungal derived material, including plant material in its natural form and plant material derived from natural plant material, such as an extract or isolate from the plant material, or processed plant material (e.g., plant material that has been subjected to heat treatment, fermentation, bleaching, or other treatment processes that can change the physical and / or chemical properties of the material). For purposes of this disclosure, "botanical" includes, but is not limited to, "herbal materials."

[0098] "Herbal material" refers to seed-producing plants (e.g., tea or tisanes) that do not develop persistent woody tissue and are often valued for their medicinal or organoleptic properties. Reference to botanical material as "non-tobacco" is intended to exclude tobacco material (i.e., does not include Nicotiana species).

[0099] If present, the botanicals are typically at a concentration of about 0.01% (w / w) to about 10% by weight, for example, about 0.01% (w / w), about 0.05% by weight, about 0.1% by weight, or about 0.5% by weight to about 1% by weight, about 2% by weight, about 3% by weight, about 4% by weight, about 5% by weight, about 6% by weight, about 7% by weight, about 8% by weight, about 9% by weight, or about 10% by weight, about 11% by weight, about 12% by weight, about 13% by weight, about 14% by weight, or about 15% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0100] Botanical materials useful in the present disclosure may include, but are not limited to, any of the compounds and sources described herein or mixtures thereof. Certain botanical materials of this type are sometimes referred to as dietary supplements, nutraceuticals, "phytocompounds" or "functional foods". Certain botanicals, as plant materials or extracts thereof, find use in traditional herbal medicine and are further described herein. Non-limiting examples of botanicals or botanical-derived materials include hemp, eucalyptus, rooibos, fennel, citrus, clove, lavender, peppermint, chamomile, basil, rosemary, ginger, turmeric, green tea, white mulberry, cannabis, cocoa, ashwagandha, baobab, chlorophyll, Cordyceps, damiana, ginseng, guarana, and maca. In some embodiments, the composition includes green tea, turmeric, and white mulberry.

[0101] Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) is a plant of the Solanaceae family (nightshade genus). As a medicinal herb, Ashwagandha finds use in the Indian Ayurvedic system of medicine and is also known as "Indian winter cherry" or "Indian ginseng". In some embodiments, the active ingredient comprises Ashwagandha.

[0102] Baobab is the common name for a group of deciduous trees in the genus Adansonia. The flesh and seeds of the baobab are generally consumed as a food or dietary supplement after drying. In some embodiments, the active ingredient comprises baobab.

[0103] Chlorophyll is any of several related green pigments found in the mesosomes of cyanobacteria and in the chloroplasts of algae and plants. Chlorophyll has been used as a food additive (colorant) and dietary supplement. Chlorophyll may be provided from natural plant materials (e.g., botanicals) or in the form of an extract or dry powder. In some embodiments, the active ingredient comprises chlorophyll.

[0104] Cordyceps is a diverse genus of ascomycete (sac) fungi that is abundant in humid temperate and tropical forests. Members of the Cordyceps family are widely used in traditional Chinese medicine. In some embodiments, the active ingredient comprises Cordyceps.

[0105] Damiana is a small woody shrub of the Passifloraceae family. Damiana is native to southern Texas, Central America, Mexico, South America, and the Caribbean. Damiana produces small fragrant flowers followed by fruits that taste similar to figs. Extracts from Damiana have been found to inhibit aromatase activity, including the isolated compounds pinocembrin and acacetin. In some embodiments, the active ingredient comprises Damiana.

[0106] Guarana is a vine plant of the Sapindaceae family native to the Amazon Basin. The seeds of the fruit, which are about the same size as coffee beans, are high in caffeine and therefore have a stimulating effect. In some embodiments, the active ingredient comprises guarana. In some embodiments, the active ingredient comprises guarana, honey, and ashwagandha.

[0107] Ginseng is the root of plants of the Panax genus, characterized by the presence of unique steroidal saponin plant compounds (ginsenosides) and gintonin. Ginseng finds use as a dietary supplement in energy drinks or herbal teas, and in traditional medicine. Cultivated species include Korean ginseng (P. ginseng), South China ginseng (P. notoginseng), and American ginseng (P. quinquefolius). American ginseng and Korean ginseng differ in the type and amount of ginsenosides present. In some embodiments, the active ingredient comprises Korean ginseng. In some embodiments, the ginseng is American ginseng or Korean ginseng. In certain embodiments, the active ingredient comprises Korean ginseng.

[0108] Maca is a plant that grows in central Peru on the Andean plateau. It is a relative of the radish and has a smell similar to butterscotch. Maca has been used in traditional (e.g., Chinese) medicine. In some embodiments, the active ingredient comprises maca.

[0109] Stimulants In some embodiments, the active ingredient comprises one or more stimulants. As used herein, the term "stimulant" refers to a material that increases the activity of the central nervous system and / or the body, for example, enhancing focus, cognition, energy, mood, alertness, etc. Non-limiting examples of stimulants include caffeine, theacrine, theobromine, and theophylline. Theacrine (1,3,7,9-tetramethyluric acid) is a purine alkaloid structurally related to caffeine and has stimulant, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory effects. Current stimulants can be natural, naturally derived, or fully synthetic. For example, certain botanical materials (guarana, black tea, coffee, cocoa, etc.) may have a stimulant effect, for example, due to the presence of caffeine or related alkaloids, and are therefore "natural" stimulants. "Naturally derived" means that the stimulant (e.g., caffeine, theacrine) is in a purified form outside of its natural (e.g., plant) substrate. For example, caffeine may be obtained by extraction and purification from plant sources (e.g., tea). "Totally synthetic" means that the stimulant is obtained by chemical synthesis.

[0110] When present, the stimulant or combination of stimulants (e.g., caffeine, theacrine, and combinations thereof) is typically at a concentration of about 0.1% (w / w) to about 15% by weight, for example, about 0.1% (w / w), about 0.2% by weight, about 0.3% by weight, about 0.4% by weight, about 0.5% by weight, about 0.6% by weight, about 0.7% by weight, about 0.8% by weight, or about 0.9% by weight to about 1% by weight, about 2% by weight, about 3% by weight, about 4% by weight, about 5% by weight, about 6% by weight, about 7% by weight, about 8% by weight, about 9% by weight, about 10% by weight, about 11% by weight, about 12% by weight, about 13% by weight, about 14% by weight, or about 15% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0111] In some embodiments, the active ingredient comprises caffeine. In some embodiments, the active ingredient comprises theacrine. In some embodiments, the active ingredient comprises a combination of caffeine and theacrine.

[0112] amino acid In some embodiments, the active ingredient comprises an amino acid. As used herein, the term "amino acid" refers to an organic compound containing an amine (-NH2) and a carboxyl (-COOH) or sulfonic acid (SO3H) functional group, along with a side chain (R group) specific to each amino acid. An amino acid can be proteinogenic or non-proteinogenic. "Proteogenic" means that the amino acid is one of the 20 naturally occurring amino acids found in proteins. Proteinogenic amino acids include alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamine, glutamic acid, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, threonine, tryptophan, tyrosine, and valine. "Non-proteinogenic" means that the amino acid is not naturally found in proteins or is not directly produced by the cellular machinery (e.g., is a product of post-translational modification). Non-limiting examples of non-proteinogenic amino acids include gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonic acid), theanine (Ly-glutamylethylamide), hydroxyproline, and beta-alanine.

[0113] When present, the amino acid or combination of amino acids (e.g., taurine, theanine, and combinations thereof) are typically present at a concentration of about 0.1% (w / w) to about 15% by weight, for example, about 0.1% (w / w), about 0.2% by weight, about 0.3% by weight, about 0.4% by weight, about 0.5% by weight, about 0.6% by weight, about 0.7% by weight, about 0.8% by weight, or about 0.9% by weight to about 1% by weight, about 2% by weight, about 3% by weight, about 4% by weight, about 5% by weight, about 6% by weight, about 7% by weight, about 8% by weight, about 9% by weight, about 10% by weight, about 11% by weight, about 12% by weight, about 13% by weight, about 14% by weight, or about 15% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0114] In some embodiments, the amino acid is taurine, theanine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the amino acid is taurine. In some embodiments, the active ingredient comprises a combination of taurine and caffeine. In some embodiments, the active ingredient comprises a combination of taurine, caffeine, and guarana. In some embodiments, the active ingredient comprises a combination of taurine, maca, and velutipes. In some embodiments, the active ingredient comprises a combination of theanine and caffeine.

[0115] vitamin In some embodiments, the active ingredient comprises a vitamin or a combination of vitamins. As used herein, the term "vitamin" refers to an organic molecule (or set of related molecules) that is an essential micronutrient required for the proper functioning of metabolism in mammals. There are 13 vitamins required for human metabolism: vitamin A (as all-trans-retinol, all-trans-retinyl esters, and all-trans-β-carotene and other provitamin A carotenoids), vitamin B1 (thiamine), vitamin B2 (riboflavin), vitamin B3 (niacin), vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid), vitamin B6 (pyridoxine), vitamin B7 (biotin), vitamin B9 (folic acid or folate), vitamin B12 (cobalamin), vitamin C (ascorbic acid), vitamin D (calciferol), vitamin E (tocopherols and tocotrienols), and vitamin K (quinones).

[0116] If present, the vitamin or combination of vitamins (e.g., vitamin B6, vitamin B12, vitamin E, vitamin C or combinations thereof) is typically at a concentration of about 0.01% (w / w) to about 1% by weight, for example, about 0.01%, about 0.02%, about 0.03%, about 0.04%, about 0.05%, about 0.06%, about 0.07%, about 0.08%, about 0.09%, or about 0.1% (w / w) to about 0.2%, about 0.3%, about 0.4%, about 0.5%, about 0.6%, about 0.7%, about 0.8%, about 0.9%, or about 1% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0117] In some embodiments, the vitamin is vitamin B6, vitamin B12, vitamin E, vitamin C, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the active ingredient comprises a combination of vitamin B6, caffeine, and theanine. In some embodiments, the active ingredient comprises vitamin B6, vitamin B12, and taurine. In some embodiments, the active ingredient comprises a combination of vitamin B6, vitamin B12, ginseng, and theanine. In some embodiments, the active ingredient comprises a combination of vitamin C, baobab, and chlorophyll.

[0118] In certain embodiments, the active ingredient is selected from the group consisting of caffeine, taurine, GABA, theanine, vitamin C, lemon balm extract, ginseng, citicoline, sunflower lecithin, and combinations thereof. For example, the active ingredient may include a combination of caffeine, theanine, and optionally ginseng. In another embodiment, the active ingredient includes a combination of theanine, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and lemon balm extract. In a further embodiment, the active ingredient includes theanine, theanine and tryptophan, or theanine and one or more B vitamins (e.g., vitamin B6 or B12). In yet another embodiment, the active ingredient includes a combination of caffeine, taurine, and vitamin C.

[0119] Antioxidants In some embodiments, the active ingredient comprises one or more antioxidants. As used herein, the term "antioxidant" refers to a substance that prevents or inhibits oxidation by quenching free radical reactions, which may slow or prevent some types of cell damage. Antioxidants may be of natural origin or synthetic. Naturally occurring antioxidants include those found in foods and botanical materials. Non-limiting examples of antioxidants include certain botanical materials, vitamins, polyphenols, and phenol derivatives.

[0120] Examples of botanical ingredients associated with antioxidant properties include acai berry, alfalfa, allspice, annatto seed, apricot oil, basil, bee balm, wild bergamot, black pepper, blueberry, borage seed oil, burdock, cacao, calamus root, catnip, catuaba, cayenne pepper, chaga, chervil, cinnamon, dark chocolate, potato skin, grape seed, ginseng, and ginkgo biloba. biloba), St. John's wort, saw palmetto, green tea, black tea, black cohosh, cayenne, chamomile, cloves, cocoa powder, cranberry, dandelion, grapefruit, honeybush, echinacea, garlic, evening primrose, feverfew, ginger, hydrastis, hawthorn, hibiscus flower, gynostemma, kava, lavender, licorice, marjoram, milk thistle, mint, oolong tea, beetroot, orange, oregano, papaya, pennyroyal, peppermint, red clover, rooibos (red or green), rose hips, rosemary, sage, clary sage, savory, spearmint, spirulina, slippery elm bark, high tannin sorghum bran Examples of botanical ingredients include, but are not limited to, sorghum grain hi-tannin, sorghum grain hi-tannin, sumac bran, comfrey leaf and root, goji berry, gutu kola, thyme, turmeric, uva ursi, valerian, ginkgo biloba, wintergreen, yacon root, yellow dock, yerba mate, yerba santa, bacopa monniera, withania somnifera, yamabushitake mushroom, and silybum marianum. Such botanical ingredients may be provided in fresh or dried form, in the form of essential oils, or in the form of extracts.Botanical materials (and their extracts) often contain various classes of compounds known to provide antioxidant effects, such as minerals, vitamins, isoflavones, phytoesterols, allyl sulfides, dithiolthiones, isothiocyanates, indoles, lignans, flavonoids, polyphenols, and carotenoids. Examples of compounds found in plant extracts or oils include ascorbic acid, peanut endocarp, resveratrol, sulforaphane, β-carotene, lycopene, lutein, coenzyme Q, carnitine, quercetin, kaempferol, and the like. See, e.g., Santhosh et al., Phytomedicin, vol. 12 (2005), pp. 216-220, incorporated herein by reference.

[0121] Non-limiting examples of other suitable antioxidants include citric acid, vitamin E or a derivative thereof, tocopherol, epicatechol, epigallocatechol, epigallocatechol gallate, erythorbic acid, sodium erythorbate, 4-hexylresorcinol, theaflavin, theaflavin monogallate A or B, theaflavin digallate, phenolic acid, glycosides, quercitrin, isoquercitrin, hyperosides, polyphenols, catechol, resveratrol, oleuropein, butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), tertiary butylhydroquinone (TBHQ), and combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the antioxidant is vitamin E or a derivative thereof, a flavonoid, a polyphenol, a carotenoid, or a combination thereof.

[0122] If present, the antioxidant is typically at a concentration of about 0.001% (w / w) to about 10% by weight, for example, about 0.001%, about 0.005%, about 0.01% (w / w), about 0.05%, about 0.1%, or about 0.5% to about 1%, about 2%, about 3%, about 4%, about 5%, about 6%, about 7%, about 8%, about 9%, or about 10% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0123] Nicotine content In certain embodiments, a nicotine component may further be included in the emulsion. By "nicotine component" is meant any suitable form of nicotine (e.g., free base or salt) to provide buccal absorption of at least a portion of the nicotine present. Typically, the nicotine component is selected from the group consisting of nicotine free base and nicotine salt. In some embodiments, nicotine is in a free base form and can be readily adsorbed, for example, onto microcrystalline cellulose material to form a microcrystalline cellulose-nicotine carrier complex. See, for example, the discussion of nicotine in free base form in US Patent Application Publication No. 2004 / 0191322 (Hansson), which is incorporated herein by reference.

[0124] In some embodiments, at least a portion of the nicotine may be used in the form of a salt. The salt of nicotine may be provided using the types of ingredients and techniques described in U.S. Pat. No. 2,033,909 (Cox et al.) and Perfetti, Beitrage Tabakforschung Int., Vol. 12, pp. 43-54 (1983), which are incorporated herein by reference. Additional salts are disclosed, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 9,738,622 (Dull et al.) and U.S. Patent Application Publication Nos. 2018 / 0230126 (Dull et al.), 2016 / 0185750 (Dull et al.), and 2018 / 0051002 (Dull et al.), each of which is incorporated herein by reference. Additionally, salts of nicotine are available from sources such as Pfaltz and Bauer, Inc. and K&K Laboratories, a division of ICN Biochemicals, Inc. Typically, the nicotine component is selected from the group consisting of nicotine free base, nicotine salts, such as the hydrochloride, dihydrochloride, tartrate, bitartrate, sulfate, salicylate, and nicotine zinc chloride.

[0125] In some embodiments, at least a portion of the nicotine may be in the form of a resin complex of nicotine, where the nicotine is bound to an ion exchange resin, such as nicotine polacrilex, e.g., Amberlite IRP64, Purolite C115HMR, or Doshion P551, which is nicotine bound to polymethacrylic acid. See, for example, U.S. Patent No. 3,901,248 (Lichtneckert et al.), which is incorporated herein by reference. Another example is a nicotine-polyacryl carbomer complex, e.g., Carbopol 974P. In some embodiments, the nicotine may be present in the form of a nicotine polyacryl complex.

[0126] Typically, the nicotine component (calculated as the free base), when present, is at least about 0.001% by weight of the emulsion, e.g., in a concentration ranging from about 0.001% to about 10% by weight. In some embodiments, the nicotine component, calculated as the free base, is present in a concentration of about 0.1% to about 10% by weight, e.g., about 0.1%, about 0.2%, about 0.3%, about 0.4%, about 0.5%, about 0.6%, about 0.7%, about 0.8%, or about 0.9% to about 1%, about 2%, about 3%, about 4%, about 5%, about 6%, about 7%, about 8%, about 9% by weight, based on the total weight of the emulsion.

[0127] In some embodiments, the nicotine component is present in a concentration, calculated as the free base, of about 0.1% to about 3% by weight, such as about 0.1% to about 2.5% by weight, such as about 0.1% to about 2.0% by weight, such as about 0.1% to about 1.5% by weight, such as about 0.1% to about 1% by weight, based on the total weight of the emulsion.

[0128] These ranges may also be applied to other additional active ingredients described herein. In some embodiments, the oral products of the present disclosure may be characterized as being completely or substantially free of nicotine. For example, certain embodiments may be characterized as having less than 0.1% by weight, or less than 0.01% by weight, or less than 0.001% by weight, or 0% by weight of nicotine, based on the total weight of the oral product.

[0129] Terpenes Active ingredients suitable for use in the present disclosure may also be classified as terpenes, many of which are associated with biological effects, such as sedative effects. Terpenes have the general formula (C5H8): n and is understood to include monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, and diterpenes. Terpenes may have acyclic, monocyclic, or bicyclic structures. Some terpenes, when used in combination with cannabinoids or cannabimimetics, produce an entourage effect. Examples include β-caryophyllene, linalool, limonene, β-citronellol, linalyl acetate, pinene (α or β), geraniol, carvone, eucalyptol, menthone, isomenthone, piperitone, myrcene, β-bourbonene, and germacrene, which may be used alone or in combination.

[0130] Pharmaceutical ingredients The pharmaceutical ingredient may be any known drug adapted for therapeutic, prophylactic, or diagnostic use. These drugs may include, for example, synthetic organic compounds, proteins and peptides, polysaccharides and other sugars, lipids, inorganic compounds, and nucleic acid sequences that have therapeutic, prophylactic, or diagnostic action. Non-limiting examples of pharmaceutical ingredients include analgesics and antipyretics (e.g., acetylsalicylic acid, acetaminophen, 3-(4-isobutylphenyl)propanoic acid).

[0131] emulsifier The emulsions (e.g., nanoemulsions) disclosed herein may include one or more emulsifiers. By "emulsifier" is meant a substance that aids in the formation and stabilization of emulsions by promoting the dispersion of hydrophobic and hydrophilic components (e.g., oil and water). In general, emulsifiers are amphiphilic molecules, e.g., selected from nonionic and ionic amphiphilic molecules. The expression "amphiphilic molecule" means any molecule of bipolar structure that contains at least one hydrophobic portion and at least one hydrophilic portion and has the property of reducing the surface tension of water and reducing the interfacial tension between the water and oil phases. The emulsifiers / amphiphilic molecules provided herein are also referred to as, e.g., surfactants and emulsifiers.

[0132] The emulsifier may be included in the continuous phase, the dispersed phase, or both the continuous and dispersed phases. Alternatively or additionally, the emulsifier may be present at the interface between the dispersed and continuous phases. In some embodiments, one or more emulsifiers are present in the aqueous continuous phase. In some embodiments, one or more emulsifiers are present in the oil dispersed phase.

[0133] In some embodiments, the emulsifier is selected from the group consisting of small molecule surfactants, phospholipids, proteins, polysaccharides, and mixtures thereof.

[0134] In some embodiments, the one or more emulsifiers are selected from the group consisting of polyethylene glycol esters of fatty acids, propylene glycol esters of fatty acids, polysorbates, polyglycerol esters of fatty acids, polyglycerol polyricinoleate, sorbitan esters of fatty acids, sucrose esters of fatty acids, lecithin, enzyme-treated lecithin, glycerol fatty acid esters, acetate esters of monoglycerides, lactate esters of monoglycerides, citrate esters of monoglycerides, succinate esters of monoglycerides, diacetyl tartaric acid esters of monoglycerides, calcium stearoyl dilactate, chitin and chitosan derivatives, natural and modified starches, natural and modified hydrocolloids, natural and modified polysaccharides, natural and modified celluloses, natural and modified proteins, synthetic amphiphilic polymers, and mixtures thereof.

[0135] In some embodiments, the one or more emulsifiers are selected from the group consisting of polyethylene glycol esters of fatty acids, propylene glycol esters of fatty acids, polysorbates, polyglycerol esters of fatty acids, polyglycerol polyricinoleate, sorbitan esters of fatty acids, sucrose esters of fatty acids, lecithin, glycerin fatty acid esters, acetate esters of monoglycerides, lactate esters of monoglycerides, citrate esters of monoglycerides, succinate esters of monoglycerides, diacetyl tartaric acid esters of monoglycerides, calcium stearoyl dilactate, and mixtures thereof.

[0136] In some embodiments, the one or more emulsifiers are selected from the group consisting of polyethylene glycol esters of fatty acids, polyethylene glycol esters of lecithin, and mixtures thereof.

[0137] In some embodiments, the one or more emulsifiers include glycol distearate, sorbitan trioleate, sorbitan tristearate, sorbitan triisostearate, glyceryl isostearate, propylene glycol isostearate, glycol stearate, sorbitan sesquioleate, glyceryl stearate, lecithin, sorbitan oleate, sorbitan monostearate, sorbitan stearate, sorbitan isostearate, steareth-2, oleth-2, PEG-7 hydrogenated castor oil, laureth-2, sorbitan palmitate ... oleate, sorbitan oleate, sorbitan oleate, sorbitan oleate, sorbitan oleate, sorbitan oleate, sorbitan oleate, sorbitan oleate, sorbitan oleate, sorbitan oleate, sorbitan oleate, sorbitan oleate, sorbitan oleate, Tan, Laureth-3, Glyceryl Laurate, Ceteth-2, PEG-30 Dipolyhydroxystearate, Glyceryl Stearate SE, Sorbitan Stearate (and) Sucrose Cocoate, PEG-4 Dilaurate, Methyl Glucose Sesquistearate, PEG-8 Dioleate, Sorbitan Laurate, PEG-40 Sorbitan Peroleate, Laureth-4, PEG-7 Glyceryl Cocoate, PEG-20 Almond Glycerides, PEG-25 Hydrogenated Castor Oil, Stearamide MEA, Glyceryl Stearate (and) PEG-100 Stearate , Polysorbate 81, Polysorbate 85, Polysorbate 65, PEG-7 Glyceryl Cocoate, PEG-8 Stearate, PEG-8 Caprate, PEG-35 Almond Glycerides, PEG-6 Laurate, Laureth-7, Steareth-10, Isotrideceth-8, PEG-35 Castor Oil, Isotrideceth-9, PEG-40 Castor Oil, Ceteareth-12, Laureth-9, PEG-40 Hydrogenated Castor Oil, PEG-20 Glyceryl Isostearate, PEG-20 Stearate, PEG-40 Sorbitan Perisostearate, PEG-7 Oribete Cetaryl Glucoside, PEG-8 Oleate, Polyglyceryl-3 Methylglucose Distearate, Oleth-10, Oleth-10 / Polyoxyl 10 Oleyl Ether NF, Ceteth-10, PEG-8 Laurate, Cocamide MEA, Polysorbate 60, Polysorbate 80, Isosteareth-20, PEG-60 Almond Glycerides, PEG-20 Methylglucose Sesquistearate, Ceteareth-20, Oleth-20, Steareth-20, Steareth-21, Ceteth-20, Isoceth-20, Polysorbate 20, Polysorbate 40,The polyoxyethylene stearate is selected from the group consisting of ceteareth-25, ceteareth-30, PEG-30 stearate, laureth-23, PEG-75 lanolin, polysorbate 20, PEG-40 stearate, PEG-100 stearate, steareth-100, PEG-80 sorbitan laurate, polyoxyethylene stearates (e.g., polyoxyethylene (40) stearate), polyoxyethylene ethers, and mixtures thereof.

[0138] In some embodiments, the one or more emulsifiers have an overall HLB value ranging from about 10 to about 15, such as from about 11 to about 15, such as from about 11 to about 14, such as from about 11 to about 13.5. As will be understood by one of skill in the art, HLB is the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance of an emulsifier or surfactant and is a measure of the degree to which it is hydrophilic or lipophilic. HLB values ​​may be determined by calculating values ​​for various regions of the molecule as explained in Griffin in Griffin, William C. (1949), "Classification of Surface-Active Agents by 'HLB'" (PDF), Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Chemists, Vol. 1(No. 5): pp. 311-26, and Griffin, William C. (1954), "Calculation of HLB Values ​​of Non-Ionic Surfactants" (PDF), Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Chemists, Vol. 5(No. 4): pp. 249-56, and Davies in Davies JT (1957), "A quantitative kinetic theory of emulsion type, I. Physical chemistry of the emulsifying agent" (PDF), Gas / Liquid and Liquid / Liquid Interface, Proceedings of the International Congress of Surface Activity, pp. 426-38. The HLB value may be determined according to the industry standard textbook, i.e., "The HLB SYSTEM, a time-saving guide to emulsifier selection", ICI Americas Inc., first edition 1976, revised March 1980. The HLB values ​​of the emulsifiers described herein were determined according to this standard method.

[0139] In some embodiments, the one or more emulsifiers have an HLB value of about 11 to about 15. In some embodiments, the one or more emulsifiers have an HLB value of about 11 to about 13.5. In some embodiments, the overall HLB value of the one or more emulsifiers present in the oral product is about 11 to about 15, such as about 11 to about 13.5.

[0140] In some embodiments, the oral product comprises an emulsifier having an HLB value of about 11 to about 15, and the emulsifier may be selected from the group consisting of stearamide MEA, glyceryl stearate (and) PEG-100 stearate, polysorbate 85, PEG-7 olivate, cetearyl glucoside, PEG-8 oleate, polyglyceryl-3 methyl glucose distearate, oleth-10, oleth-10 / polyoxyl 10 oleyl ether NF, ceteth-10, PEG-8 laurate, cocamide MEA, polysorbate 60, polysorbate 80, isosteareth-20, PE The glyceryl stearate is selected from the group consisting of G-60 almond glycerides, PEG-20 methyl glucose sesquistearate, PEG-7 glyceryl cocoate, PEG-8 stearate, PEG-8 caprate, PEG-35 almond glycerides, PEG-6 laurate, laureth-7, steareth-10, isotrideceth-8, PEG-35 castor oil, isotrideceth-9, PEG-40 castor oil, ceteareth-12, laureth-9, PEG-40 hydrogenated castor oil, PEG-20 glyceryl isostearate, PEG-20 stearate and mixtures thereof.

[0141] In some embodiments, the oral product comprises at least two emulsifiers having different HLB values. In some embodiments, the oral product comprises a first emulsifier having a low HLB value and a second emulsifier having a high HLB value. In some embodiments, the oral product comprises a first emulsifier having an HLB value of about 1 to about 9 (e.g., about 2 to 9, e.g., about 3 to 9, e.g., about 3 to 8) and a second emulsifier having an HLB value of about 10 to about 20 (e.g., about 10 to 18, e.g., about 11 to 17). In some embodiments, the overall (i.e., combined) HLB value of the first and second emulsifiers is about 11 to about 15, e.g., about 11 to about 13.5.

[0142] The first emulsifier having an HLB value of about 1 to about 9 may be selected from any suitable emulsifier having such an HLB value. For example, the first emulsifier may be an emulsifier having an HLB value of about 1 to about 9 selected from mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids including glyceryl stearate and glyceryl oleate; fatty acid esters of C12 to C22 fatty alcohols including fatty acid esters of cetyl alcohol and fatty acid esters of stearoyl alcohol, mixtures of fatty acid esters of cetyl alcohol and fatty acid esters of stearoyl alcohol, where the fatty acid is derived from olive oil (e.g., cetearyl olivate), fatty acid esters of sorbitol including sorbitan oleate, fatty acid esters of sorbitol where the fatty acid is derived from olive oil (sorbitan olivate or cetearyl olivate), and mixtures thereof.

[0143] In some embodiments, the first emulsifier is an emulsifier having an HLB value of about 1 to about 9 selected from mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids, fatty acid esters of C12-C22 fatty alcohols, fatty acid esters of sorbitol, and mixtures thereof. In some embodiments, the first emulsifier is an emulsifier having an HLB value of about 1 to about 9 selected from glycol distearate, sorbitan trioleate, sorbitan tristearate, sorbitan triisostearate, glyceryl isostearate, propylene glycol isostearate, glycol stearate, sorbitan sesquioleate, glyceryl stearate, lecithin (e.g., soy lecithin), sorbitan oleate, sorbitan monostearate, sorbitan stearate, sorbitan isostearate, sorbitan s ... The preferred oleth-2, oleth-2, PEG-7 hydrogenated castor oil, laureth-2, sorbitan palmitate, laureth-3, glyceryl laurate, ceteth-2, PEG-30 dipolyhydroxystearate, glyceryl stearate SE, sorbitan stearate (and) sucrose cocoate, PEG-4 dilaurate, methyl glucose sesquistearate, PEG-8 dioleate, sorbitan laurate, PEG-40 sorbitan peroleate, and mixtures thereof.

[0144] In some embodiments, the first emulsifier is or comprises lecithin, hi some embodiments, the first emulsifier is or comprises soybean lecithin.

[0145] The second emulsifier can be selected from any suitable emulsifier having an HLB value of about 10 to about 20. In some embodiments, the second emulsifier is an emulsifier having an HLB value of 10 to 20 selected from fatty acid esters of polyethylene glycol, such as fatty acid esters of polyethylene glycol whose fatty acids are derived from coconut oil (including PEG7), fatty acid esters of polyglycerol, such as fatty acid esters of polyglycerol and oleic acid (e.g. polyglyceryl 10 oleate), and mixtures thereof. In some embodiments, the second emulsifier is an emulsifier having an HLB value of 10 to 20 selected from fatty acid esters of polyethylene glycol, fatty acid esters of polyglycerol, and mixtures thereof.In some embodiments, the second emulsifier is selected from the group consisting of laureth-4, PEG-7 glyceryl cocoate, PEG-20 almond glycerides, PEG-25 hydrogenated castor oil, stearamide MEA, glyceryl stearate (and) PEG-100 stearate, polysorbate 81, polysorbate 85, polysorbate 65, PEG-7 glyceryl cocoate, PEG-8 stearate, PEG-8 caprate, PEG-35 almond glycerides, PEG-6 Laurate, Laureth-7, Steareth-10, Isotrideceth-8, PEG-35 Castor Oil, Isotrideceth-9, PEG-40 Castor Oil, Ceteareth-12, Laureth-9, PEG-40 Hydrogenated Castor Oil, PEG-20 Glyceryl Isostearate, PEG-20 Stearate, PEG-40 Sorbitan Perisostearate, PEG-7 Olivate, Cetearyl Glucoside, PEG-8 Oleate, Polyglyceryl-3 Methyl Glycol Sudistearet, Oleth-10, Oleth-10 / Polyoxyl 10 Oleyl Ether NF, Ceteth-10, PEG-8 Laurate, Cocamide MEA, Polysorbate 60, Polysorbate 80, Isosteareth-20, PEG-60 Almond Glycerides, PEG-20 Methyl Glucose Sesquistearate, Ceteareth-20, Oleth-20, Steareth-20, Steareth-21, Ceteth-20, Isoceth-20, Polysorbate 20, Poly The polyoxyethylene stearate may be selected from the group consisting of sorbate 40, ceteareth-25, ceteareth-30, PEG-30 stearate, laureth-23, PEG-75 lanolin, polysorbate 20, PEG-40 stearate, PEG-100 stearate, steareth-100, PEG-80 sorbitan laurate, polyoxyethylene stearates (e.g., polyoxyethylene (40) stearate), polyoxyethylene ethers, and mixtures thereof.

[0146] In some embodiments, the second emulsifier is or includes polyoxyethylene stearate (e.g., polyoxyethylene (40) stearate).

[0147] In some embodiments, the emulsifier is or includes a combination of lecithin (eg, soybean lecithin) and polyoxyethylene stearate (eg, polyoxyethylene (40) stearate).

[0148] In some embodiments, the emulsifier comprises a neutral, positively charged, or negatively charged natural or synthetic phospholipid molecule. A phospholipid is composed of two butyric acid tails and a phosphate head, which are connected via a third molecule, glycerol. Non-limiting examples of natural phospholipids include lecithin (e.g., soybean lecithin and / or egg lecithin), phosphatidylcholine-enriched lecithin, phosphatidylserine-enriched lecithin, enzyme-modified lecithin, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidic acid, sphingomyelin, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylcholine, and cardiolipin; synthetic phospholipids, such as dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine, dimyristoylphosphatidylglycerol, distearoylphosphatidylglycerol, and dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine; and hydrogenated or partially hydrogenated lecithins and phospholipids. Non-limiting examples of synthetic phospholipid derivatives include phosphatidic acid (DMPA, DPPA, DSPA), phosphatidylcholine (DDPC, DLPC, DMPC, DPPC, DSPC, DOPC, POPC, DEPC), phosphatidylglycerol (DMPG, DPPG, DSPG, POPG), phosphatidylethanolamine (DMPE, DPPE, DSPE, DOPE), phosphatidylserine (DOPS), PEG-phospholipids (mPEG-phospholipids, polyglycerol-phospholipids, functionalized phospholipids, and terminally activated phospholipids).

[0149] In some embodiments, the emulsifier comprises a surfactant, which may be ionic (anionic or cationic), zwitterionic or nonionic, and may be hydrophobic or hydrophilic. Examples of hydrophobic surfactants include, but are not limited to, Maisine 35-1, Imwitor 742, Capmul MCM, Capmul PG 12, Lauroglycol 90, Lauroglycol FCC, Caproyl 90, Captex 250, and fatty acids selected from the group consisting of octanoic acid, decanoic acid, undecanoic acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, and linolenic acid. As used herein, hydrophobic surfactants may also be referred to as poorly water-soluble surfactants or lipophilic surfactants.

[0150] Examples of hydrophilic surfactants may include, but are not limited to, polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters, hydrogenated castor oil ethoxylates, PEG mono- and diesters of palmitic and stearic acid, fatty acid ethoxylates, and combinations thereof.

[0151] Examples of suitable surfactants generally include, but are not limited to, polyoxyethylene-sorbitan-fatty acid esters; such as monolauryl and trilauryl, palmityl, stearyl and oleyl esters; such as the type of products known as polysorbates and commercially available under the trade name Tween®; polyoxyethylene fatty acid esters, such as polyoxyethylene stearic acid esters of the type known and commercially available under the trade name Myrj®; polyoxyethylene ethers, such as those available under the trade name Brij®; polyoxyethylene castor oil derivatives, such as the type of products known and commercially available under the trade name Cremophors®.Particularly suitable are polyoxyl 35 castor oil (Cremophor® EL) and polyoxyl 40 hydrogenated castor oil (Cremophor® RH40); a-tocopherol, a-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate (vitamin E TPGS), a-tocopherol palmitate and a-tocopherol acetate; PEG glyceryl fatty acid esters such as PEG-8 glyceryl caprylate / caprate (commercially known as Labrasol®), PEG-4 glyceryl caprylate / caprate (Labrafac Hydro WL 1219), PEG-32 glyceryl laurate (Gelucire 44 / 14), PEG-6 glyceryl monooleate (Labrafil® M1944 CS), PEG-6 glyceryl linoleate (Labrafil® M2125 CS; propylene glycol mono- and di-fatty acid esters such as propylene glycol laurate, propylene glycol caprylate / caprate; and diethylene glycol monoethyl ether (DGME), commercially known as Transcutol® (Gattefosse, Westwood, NJ); fatty acid esters such as the type known and commercially available under the name Span® (e.g., Span 85); polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene copolymers such as the type known and commercially available under the name Pluronic® or Poloxamer®; glycerol triacetate; and monoglycerides and acetylated monoglycerides such as glycerol monodicocoate (Imwitor® 928), glycerol monocaprylate (Imwitor® 308), and mono- and diacetylated monoglycerides.

[0152] In some embodiments, the emulsifier is a surfactant, a phospholipid, an amphiphilic polysaccharide, an amphiphilic protein, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the emulsifier is an ionic, zwitterionic, or non-ionic surfactant. In some embodiments, the emulsifier includes Tween 20, Tween 80, Span 20, Span 40, Span 60, Span 80, lecithin, Myij 52, Brij 35, Brij 97, a hydrocolloid gum, a modified starch, or a combination thereof.

[0153] In some embodiments, the one or more emulsifiers include a combination of lecithin and Myrj 52.

[0154] The concentration of the emulsifier present in the disclosed emulsions can vary. The concentration of the emulsifier can range up to about 30% by weight, for example, from about 0.1% to about 25% by weight, from about 5% to about 25% by weight, or from about 10% to about 25% by weight, based on the total emulsion. In some embodiments, the emulsion comprises a combination of lecithin and Myrj52 in an amount of about 0.1% to about 25% by weight, from about 5% to about 25% by weight, or from about 10% to about 25% by weight, based on the total emulsion.

[0155] In some embodiments, the one or more emulsifiers may be present in the emulsion in an amount of about 0.1% to about 20% by weight of the oral product, such as about 1% to about 15% by weight of the oral product, such as about 2.5% to about 10% by weight of the oral product, such as about 5% to about 10% by weight of the oral product. In some embodiments, the emulsion includes a combination of lecithin and Myrj 52 in an amount of about 0.1% to about 20% by weight of the oral product, such as about 1% to about 15% by weight of the oral product, such as about 2.5% to about 10% by weight of the oral product, such as about 5% to about 10% by weight of the oral product.

[0156] Stabilizer In some embodiments, the emulsion (e.g., nanoemulsion) may further comprise a stabilizer to help maintain the (nano)emulsion. Representative examples of suitable types of stabilizers include polysaccharides, polyols, sorbitan esters, glycerol esters, polyethylene glycol esters, block polymers, acrylic polymers (e.g., Pemulen), silicon-based surfactants, and polysorbates. In some embodiments, the stabilizer is sodium oleate, glycerin, xylitol, sorbitol, ascorbic acid, sodium edetate, sorbitan esters, glycerol monoesters, or combinations thereof.

[0157] The concentration of stabilizer present in the emulsion can vary. If present, the concentration of stabilizer can range up to about 10% by weight, for example, from about 0.01% to about 10% by weight, from about 0.1% to about 5% by weight, or from about 0.5% to about 1% by weight, based on the weight of the emulsion.

[0158] oral products As disclosed herein, the emulsions are contained within oral products that are configured for use in the oral cavity and thus are configured for insertion into the mouth (i.e., oral cavity) of a user.

[0159] Filler In some embodiments, oral products containing the emulsions described herein may include a filler.

[0160] The emulsions disclosed herein may be associated with the filler in various ways (i.e., in oral products that include the emulsions disclosed herein). For example, the emulsion may be disposed on the surface of the filler, may be dispersed or impregnated in the filler (e.g., adsorbed or absorbed), or the filler and emulsion may be present in the oral product without being physically combined or in physical contact (e.g., the filler and emulsion may be provided separately and independently in the same product). In some embodiments, the filler is microcrystalline cellulose. The emulsions containing the cannabinoids disclosed herein may be disposed on the surface of the microcrystalline cellulose, may be dispersed or impregnated in the microcrystalline cellulose (e.g., adsorbed or absorbed), or the microcrystalline cellulose and cannabinoid may be present in the oral product without being physically combined or in physical contact (e.g., the microcrystalline cellulose and cannabinoid may be provided separately and independently in the same product). In some embodiments, the cannabinoid is dispersed or impregnated in the microcrystalline cellulose (e.g., adsorbed or absorbed). For example, cannabinoids may be retained within the pores of microcrystalline cellulose. Fillers may serve multiple functions, such as enhancing certain organoleptic properties such as texture and mouthfeel, enhancing the cohesiveness or compressibility of the product, depending on the product and the relationship of the filler to the emulsion.

[0161] In some embodiments, the filler is a porous particulate material and is cellulose-based. For example, the filler may be a non-tobacco plant material or a derivative thereof, including cellulose materials derived from such sources. Examples of cellulosic non-tobacco plant materials include grains (e.g., corn, oats, barley, rye, buckwheat, etc.), sugar beet (e.g., FIBREX® brand filler available from International Fiber Corporation), bran fiber, and mixtures thereof.

[0162] In some embodiments, the filler is a cellulosic material selected from the group consisting of corn fiber, oat fiber, barley fiber, rye fiber, buckwheat fiber, sugar beet fiber, bran fiber, bamboo fiber, wood pulp fiber, cotton fiber, citrus pulp fiber, grass fiber, willow fiber, poplar fiber, cocoa fiber, derivatives thereof, and combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the filler is a cellulosic material selected from the group consisting of corn fiber, oat fiber, sugar beet fiber, bamboo fiber, wood pulp fiber, cotton fiber, grass fiber, derivatives thereof, or combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the filler is a cellulosic material selected from the group consisting of sugar beet fiber, wood pulp fiber, bamboo fiber, derivatives thereof, or combinations thereof.

[0163] In some embodiments, the filler is derived from any of corn fiber, oat fiber, barley fiber, rye fiber, buckwheat fiber, sugar beet fiber, bran fiber, bamboo fiber, wood pulp fiber, cotton fiber, citrus pulp fiber, grass fiber, willow fiber, poplar fiber, cocoa fiber, or combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the filler is derived from wood pulp fiber.

[0164] In some embodiments, the filler is a cellulose material. One type of particularly suitable filler for use in the compositions described herein is microcrystalline cellulose ("MCC"). MCC is typically derived from wood pulp fibers. MCC is composed of glucose units linked by β-1,4 glycosidic bonds and can be synthesized by partially depolymerizing α-cellulose, for example, by reactive extrusion, enzyme-mediated depolymerization, mechanical grinding, sonication, steam explosion, and / or acid hydrolysis. MCC can be synthetic or semi-synthetic, or it can be obtained entirely from natural cellulose. The MCC may be selected from the group consisting of AVICEL® grades PH-100, PH-101, PH-102, PH-103, PH-105, PH-112, PH-113, PH-200, PH-300, PH-301, PH-302, VIVACEL® grades 101, 102, 12, 20, and EMOCEL® grades 50M and 90M, and the like, and mixtures thereof. In some embodiments, the oral product comprises MCC as a filler.

[0165] In some embodiments, the filler is a non-tobacco plant material or a derivative thereof. Non-limiting examples of derivatives of non-tobacco plant materials include starches (e.g., those derived from potato, wheat, rice, corn), natural cellulose, and modified cellulose materials. Additional examples of potential fillers include maltodextrin, dextrose, calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate, lactose, mannitol, xylitol, and sorbitol. Combinations of fillers may also be used.

[0166] "Starch" as used herein may refer to pure starch, modified starch, or starch derivatives from any source. Starch is typically in granular form and is present in almost all green plants and in various types of plant tissues and organs (e.g., seeds, leaves, rhizomes, roots, tubers, shoots, fruits, grains, and stems). Starch varies not only in composition, but also in particle shape and size. Starches from different sources often have different chemical and physical properties. A particular starch may be selected for inclusion in the composition based on the ability of the starch to impart a particular organoleptic property to the composition. Starches from various sources may be used. For example, the main sources of starch include cereal grains (e.g., rice, wheat, and corn) and root vegetable plants (e.g., potato and cassava). Other examples of starch sources include acorn, arrowroot, arracacha, banana, barley, legumes (e.g., broad bean, lentil, mung bean, pea, chickpea), breadfruit, buckwheat, canna, chestnut, colocasia, dogtooth violet, kudzu, malanga, millet, oat, oka, Polynesian arrowroot, sago, sorghum, sweet potato, quinoa, rye, tapioca, taro, tobacco, water chestnut, and yam. Certain starches are modified starches. Modified starches have one or more structural modifications, often designed to alter their thermogenic properties. Some starches have been developed by genetic engineering and are considered "genetically modified" starches. Other starches are modified by chemical, enzymatic, or physical means after they have been obtained. For example, modified starch may be starch that has been subjected to chemical reactions such as esterification, etherification, oxidation, depolymerization (thinning) by acid catalysis or oxidation in the presence of a base, bleaching, transglycosylation and depolymerization (e.g., dextrinization in the presence of a catalyst), crosslinking, acetylation, hydroxypropylation, and / or partial hydrolysis. Enzymatic treatments include subjecting native starch to enzyme isolates or concentrates, microbial enzymes, and / or enzymes naturally present in plant material, such as amylases present in corn kernels, to modify corn starch.Other starches are modified by heat treatments such as pregelatinization, dextrinization, and / or cold water swelling processes. Specific modified starches include phosphated starch, glycerol cross-linked starch, phosphate cross-linked starch esterified with sodium trimetaphosphate, phosphate monoesterified phosphate cross-linked starch, acetylated phosphate cross-linked starch, starch acetate esterified with acetic anhydride, starch acetate esterified with vinyl acetate, acetylated adipate cross-linked starch, acetylated glycerol cross-linked starch, hydroxypropyl starch, hydroxypropylglycerol cross-linked starch, and sodium starch octenyl succinate.

[0167] The amount of filler may vary, but when present, is typically at least about 50 weight percent of the oral product, including the emulsion, based on the total weight of the oral product. A typical range of filler (e.g., a cellulose material such as microcrystalline cellulose) in the composition may be about 10 to about 75 weight percent of the total weight of the oral product. For example, the filler (e.g., MCC) may be present in the oral product in an amount of at least about 50 weight percent of the oral product, such as at least about 55 weight percent of the oral product, such as at least about 60 weight percent of the oral product. In some embodiments, the filler (e.g., MCC) may be present in the oral product in an amount of about 50 weight percent to about 95 weight percent of the oral product, such as about 50 weight percent to about 99 weight percent of the oral product, such as about 50 weight percent to about 90 weight percent of the oral product, such as about 55 weight percent to about 85 weight percent of the oral product, such as about 60 weight percent to about 80 weight percent, such as about 60 weight percent to about 75 weight percent of the oral product.

[0168] In some embodiments, the oral product comprises microcrystalline cellulose in an amount of about 55% to about 95% by weight of the oral product.In some embodiments, the oral product comprises microcrystalline cellulose in an amount of about 55% to about 80% by weight of the oral product.

[0169] In some embodiments, the weight ratio of filler (e.g., microcrystalline cellulose) to emulsion (e.g., nanoemulsion) can be from about 10:1 to about 1:10, such as from about 5:1 to about 1:5, such as from about 5:1 to about 1:2, such as from about 3:1 to about 1:1, such as from about 2:1 to about 1:1.

[0170] In some embodiments, the weight ratio of the filler (e.g., microcrystalline cellulose) to the cannabinoid is about 5:1 to about 100:1, such as about 10:1 to about 60:1, such as about 15:1 to about 50:1, such as about 20:1 to about 40:1, such as about 25:1 to about 35:1. In some embodiments, the weight ratio of the microcrystalline cellulose to the cannabidiol is about 5:1 to about 100:1, such as about 10:1 to about 60:1, such as about 15:1 to about 50:1, such as about 20:1 to about 40:1, such as about 25:1 to about 35:1.

[0171] Other Ingredients In some embodiments, the oral product may further comprise at least one additive selected from the group consisting of flavoring agents (or "flavoring agents"), taste modifiers, preservatives, humectants, sweeteners, binders, buffers, salts, and mixtures thereof. The additive may be present in the emulsion or in the oral product separate from the emulsion (e.g., in a mixture with fillers, etc.).

[0172] Flavorings and Taste Modifiers In some embodiments, the emulsion further comprises a flavoring agent. As used herein, the terms "flavor" and "flavoring agent" refer to materials that can be used to create a desired taste, aroma, or other somatic sensation in a product intended for adult consumers, where permitted by local regulations. Examples of sensory properties that can be modified by flavoring agents include taste, mouthfeel, moistness, cool / hot, and / or aroma / fragrance. Flavoring agents can be natural or synthetic, and the flavor characteristics imparted thereby can be described as, but are not limited to, fresh, sweet, herbal, confectionery, floral, fruity, or savory.

[0173] Flavoring agents may be flavoring materials of natural origin, botanicals, extracts of botanicals, synthetically derived materials or combinations thereof (e.g., tobacco, cannabis, licorice, hydrangea, eugenol, magnolia leaf, chamomile, fenugreek, clove, maple, matcha, menthol, mint, aniseed (anise), cinnamon, turmeric, Indian spices, Asian spices, medicinal herbs, wintergreen, cherries, berries, red berries, cranberries, peaches, apples, oranges, mangoes, clementines, lemons, limes, tropical fruits, papaya, rhubarb, grapes, durian, dragon fruit, cucumbers, blueberries, mulberries, citrus fruits, drambuie, barberry, walnut ... Bong, Scotch, whiskey, gin, tequila, rum, spearmint, peppermint, lavender, aloe vera, cardamom, celery, cascarilla, nutmeg, sandalwood, bergamot, geranium, khat, naswar, betel nut, shisha, pine, honey essence, rose oil, vanilla, lemon oil, orange oil, orange blossom, cherry blossom, cassia, caraway, cognac, jasmine, ylang-ylang, sage, fennel, wasabi, pimento, ginger, coriander, coffee, hemp, peppermint oil of any species of the genus Mentha, eucalyptus, star anise, cocoa, lemongrass, rooibos, flax, ginkgo bilobabiloba), hazel, hibiscus, bay, mate, orange skin, rose, teas such as green and black tea, thyme, juniper, elderflower, basil, bay leaf, cumin, oregano, paprika, rosemary, saffron, lemon peel, mint, perilla, turmeric, cilantro, myrtle, blackcurrant, valerian, green pepper, mace, damian, marjoram, olive, lemon balm, lemon basil, chives, carvi, bar The flavoring agents may include flavor enhancers such as sucralose, potassium acesulfame, aspartame, saccharin, cyclamate, lactose, sucrose, glucose, fructose, sorbitol, or mannitol, as well as other additives such as charcoal, chlorophyll, minerals, botanicals, or breath fresheners. These flavoring agents may be imitation, synthetic, or natural ingredients, or blends thereof. They may be in any suitable form, such as liquids, such as oils, solids, such as powders, or gases.

[0174] In some embodiments, the flavor comprises menthol, spearmint, and / or peppermint. In some embodiments, the flavor comprises cucumber, blueberry, citrus fruit, and / or red berry flavor components. In some embodiments, the flavor comprises eugenol. In some embodiments, the flavor comprises flavor components extracted from tobacco. In some embodiments, the flavor comprises flavor components extracted from cannabis.

[0175] In some embodiments, the flavors may contain sensory elicitors that are intended to achieve somatic sensations, usually chemically induced and perceived by stimulation of the fifth cranial nerve (trigeminal nerve), in addition to or instead of aroma or gustatory nerves, and these sensory elicitors may include agents that produce a heating, cooling, tingling, or numbing effect. A suitable thermal effect agent may be, but is not limited to, vanillyl ethyl ether, and a suitable cooling agent may be, but is not limited to, eucalyptol, WS-3.

[0176] In some embodiments, the flavoring agent is lipophilic. Without wishing to be bound by theory, the formulation of lipophilic flavoring agents as emulsions may enhance the stability of the flavoring agent (e.g., against oxidation or evaporation). In some embodiments, the flavoring agent is susceptible to oxidation. This means that when exposed to air, the flavoring agent components degrade due to chemical changes. Examples of functional groups that may be present in flavoring agents susceptible to oxidation include, but are not limited to, alkenes, aldehydes, and / or ketones. In some embodiments, the flavoring agent comprises citrus oil. Citrus oils, for example, contain terpene components that are susceptible to oxidation, evaporation, or both, and therefore may be particularly beneficial to include in products in the form of emulsions provided herein.

[0177] In some embodiments, the flavoring agent may include a terpene. In some embodiments, the terpene is a terpene derivable from a phytocannabinoid-producing plant, such as a plant of the Cannabis species, such as hemp. Suitable terpenes in this regard include terpenes containing 10 carbon atoms, so-called "C10" terpenes, and terpenes containing 15 carbon atoms, so-called "C15" terpenes. In some embodiments, the oral product includes two or more terpenes. For example, the oral product may include one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten or more terpenes as defined herein. In some embodiments, the terpene is selected from pinene (alpha and beta), geraniol, linalool, limonene, carvone, eucalyptol, menthone, isomenthone, piperitone, myrcene, beta-bourbonene, germacrene, and mixtures thereof.

[0178] The amount of flavorant utilized in the emulsion can vary but is typically up to about 10% by weight, with certain embodiments being characterized by a flavorant content of at least about 0.1% by weight, e.g., from about 0.5% to about 10% by weight, from about 1% to about 6% by weight, or from about 2% to about 5% by weight, based on the total weight of the emulsion.

[0179] In some embodiments, the oral product or emulsion comprises a taste modifier. In some embodiments, the taste modifier can mask the bitter taste of the cannabinoids in the product. The taste modifier can improve the organoleptic properties of the oral product disclosed herein, and can, for example, help to mask, modify, block, or improve the flavor of the compositions described herein. Non-limiting examples of such taste modifiers include analgesic or anesthetic herbs, spices, and flavors that produce a perceived sensation of cooling (e.g., menthol, eucalyptus, mint), producing a sensation of warming (e.g., cinnamon), or producing a sensation of pain (e.g., capsaicin). Certain taste modifiers fall into multiple overlapping categories.

[0180] In some embodiments, the taste modifier modifies one or more of bitter, sweet, salty, or sour tastes. In some embodiments, the taste modifier targets pain receptors. In some embodiments, the cannabinoid has a bitter taste and the oral product includes a taste modifier that masks or blocks the perception of the bitter taste. In some embodiments, the taste modifier is a substance that targets pain receptors (e.g., vanilloid receptors) in the user's mouth, for example to mask the bitter taste of another ingredient (e.g., a cannabinoid). In some embodiments, the taste modifier is capsaicin.

[0181] In some embodiments, the taste modifier is the amino acid gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), as referred to herein above with respect to amino acids. Studies in mice suggest that GABA may function in taste buds in addition to synaptic inhibition. See, for example, Dvoryanchikov et al., J Neurosci., April 13, 2011, Vol. 31(15), pp. 5782-91. Without wishing to be bound by theory, GABA may inhibit the perception of certain tastes, such as bitterness. In some embodiments, the composition comprises caffeine and GABA.

[0182] In some embodiments, the taste modifier is adenosine monophosphate (AMP). AMP is a naturally occurring nucleotide substance that can block bitter food flavors and enhance sweetness. AMP does not directly alter the bitter flavor, but it can change the human perception of "bitter" by blocking the associated receptors.

[0183] In some embodiments, the taste modifier is lactisol. Lactisol is an antagonist of sweet taste receptors. Transient blocking of sweet taste receptors may, for example, enhance flavor. When present, a representative amount of taste modifier is about 0.01% by weight or more, about 0.1% by weight or more, or about 1.0% by weight or more, but typically less than about 10% by weight of the total weight of the oral product (e.g., about 0.01%, about 0.05%, about 0.1%, or about 0.5% to about 1%, about 5%, or about 10% by weight of the total weight of the oral product).

[0184] In some embodiments, the taste modifier is selected from the group consisting of analgesic or anesthetic herbs, spices, or flavors that produce a perceived cooling or warming effect, gamma-aminobutyric acid, capsaicin, and adenosine monophosphate. In some embodiments, the taste modified by the taste modifier is bitter, sweet, salty, or sour. In some embodiments, the taste is bitter. In some embodiments, the taste modifier is capsaicin.

[0185] Wetting Agent In certain embodiments, one or more humectants may be used in compositions that include the emulsions of the present disclosure. The humectant may be present in the emulsion itself or in a composition separate from the emulsion.

[0186] Examples of humectants include, but are not limited to, glycerin, 1,2-propanediol (propylene glycol), 1,3-propanediol, dipropylene glycol, sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, and the like. In some embodiments, the humectant is or includes glycerin. In some embodiments, the oral product includes glycerin. In some embodiments, the emulsion includes glycerin. In some embodiments, the humectant is or includes propylene glycol. In some embodiments, the oral product includes propylene glycol. In some embodiments, the emulsion includes propylene glycol.

[0187] If included, the humectant is typically provided in an amount sufficient to impart desired moisture attributes to the composition and, in some cases, the humectant can impart desirable flow characteristics to the composition for deposition into a mold.

[0188] When present in the emulsion, the humectant (e.g., glycerin and / or propylene glycol) may be present in an amount of from about 0.1% to about 40% by weight of the emulsion, such as from about 1% to about 35% by weight of the emulsion, such as from about 5% to about 30% by weight of the emulsion, such as from about 10% to about 30% by weight of the emulsion, such as from about 15% to about 30% by weight of the emulsion, or from about 20% to about 25% by weight of the emulsion.

[0189] When present in the oral product, the humectant (e.g., glycerin and / or propylene glycol) may be present in an amount of from about 0.01% to about 25% by weight of the oral product, such as from about 0.1% to about 20% by weight of the oral product, such as from about 0.5% to about 15% by weight of the oral product, such as from about 1% to about 10% by weight of the oral product, such as from about 5% to about 10% by weight of the oral product.

[0190] Sweetener To improve the sensory properties of the emulsion or oral products containing the emulsion according to the present disclosure, one or more sweeteners may be added. The sweetener may be any sweetener or combination of sweeteners, in natural or artificial form, or as a combination of natural and artificial sweeteners. Examples of natural sweeteners include fructose, sucrose, glucose, maltose, isomaltulose, mannose, galactose, lactose, stevia, honey, etc. Examples of artificial sweeteners include sucralose, maltodextrin, saccharin, aspartame, acesulfame K, neotame, etc. In some embodiments, the sweetener comprises one or more sugar alcohols. Sugar alcohols are polyols derived from monosaccharides or disaccharides in partially or fully hydrogenated form. Sugar alcohols, for example, have from about 4 to about 20 carbon atoms and include erythritol, arabitol, ribitol, isomalt, maltitol, dulcitol, iditol, mannitol, xylitol, lactitol, sorbitol, and combinations thereof (eg, hydrogenated starch hydrolysates).

[0191] In some embodiments, the sweetener is selected from the group consisting of fructose, sucrose, glucose, maltose, mannitol, galactose, lactose, stevia, honey, sucralose, isomaltulose, maltodextrin, saccharin, aspartame, acesulfame K, neotame, erythritol, arabitol, ribitol, isomalt, maltitol, dulcitol, iditol, mannitol, xylitol, lactitol, sorbitol, and mixtures thereof. In some embodiments, the sweetener is selected from the group consisting of sucralose, acesulfame K, aspartame, maltodextrin, mannitol, sucrose, and mixtures thereof. In some embodiments, the sweetener may be sucralose and / or acesulfame K.

[0192] When present in the emulsion, the sweetening agent (e.g., sucralose and / or acesulfame K) may be present in an amount of from about 0.01% to about 10% by weight of the emulsion, such as from about 0.1% to about 5% by weight of the emulsion, such as from about 0.5% to about 2.5% by weight of the emulsion, for example from about 1% to about 2.5% by weight of the emulsion.

[0193] When present in the oral product, the sweetener (e.g., sucralose and / or acesulfame K) may be present in an amount of from about 0.001% to about 5% by weight of the oral product, such as from about 0.01% to about 3% by weight of the oral product, such as from about 0.1% to about 1% by weight of the oral product.

[0194] Binder A binder (or combination of binders) may be used in certain embodiments in an amount sufficient to provide desired physical attributes and physical integrity to the composition, and binders often also function as thickeners or gelling agents. Typical binders may be organic or inorganic or combinations thereof. Representative binders include cellulose derivatives (e.g., cellulose ethers), povidone, sodium alginate, starch-based binders, pectins, gums, carrageenan, pullulan, zein, and the like, and combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the binder comprises pectin or carrageenan, or combinations thereof.

[0195] The amount of binder utilized in the composition can vary, but is typically up to about 30% by weight, with certain embodiments being characterized by a binder content of at least about 0.1% by weight, e.g., from about 1% to about 30% by weight, or from about 1% to about 10% by weight, based on the total weight of the oral product.

[0196] In some embodiments, the binder comprises a cellulose derivative. In certain embodiments, the cellulose derivative is a cellulose ether (e.g., a carboxyalkyl ether), which refers to a cellulose polymer in which the hydrogen of one or more hydroxyl groups in the cellulose structure is replaced with an alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, or aryl group. Non-limiting examples of such cellulose derivatives include methylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose ("HPC"), hydroxypropylmethylcellulose ("HPMC"), hydroxyethylcellulose, and carboxymethylcellulose ("CMC"). In some embodiments, the cellulose derivative is one or more of methylcellulose, HPC, HPMC, hydroxyethylcellulose, and CMC. In some embodiments, the cellulose derivative is HPC. In some embodiments, the cellulose derivative is a combination of HPC and HPMC. In some embodiments, the oral product comprises about 1% to about 10% by weight of the cellulose derivative, based on the total weight of the oral product, and certain embodiments comprise about 1% to about 5% by weight of the cellulose derivative, based on the weight of the oral product.

[0197] In certain embodiments, the binder comprises a gum, such as a natural gum. As used herein, natural gum refers to a naturally occurring polysaccharide material that has binding properties and is also useful as a thickening or gelling agent. Representative natural gums of plant origin, which are typically water soluble to some extent, include xanthan gum, guar gum, gum arabic, ghatti gum, tragacanth gum, karaya gum, locust bean gum, gellan gum, and combinations thereof. When present, the natural gum binder material is typically present in an amount of up to about 5% by weight, such as about 0.1, about 0.2, about 0.3, about 0.4, about 0.5, about 0.6, about 0.7, about 0.8, about 0.9, or about 1% by weight to about 2, about 3, about 4, or about 5% by weight, based on the total weight of the oral product.

[0198] Buffer In certain embodiments, the emulsion or emulsion-containing oral product of the present disclosure may include a pH adjusting agent or buffering agent. Examples of pH adjusting agents and buffering agents that can be used include, but are not limited to, metal hydroxides (e.g., alkali metal hydroxides, e.g., sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide), and other alkali metal buffers, e.g., metal carbonates (e.g., potassium hydroxide or sodium carbonate), or metal bicarbonates, e.g., sodium bicarbonate, etc. If present, the buffering agent is typically present in an amount of less than about 5% by weight of the emulsion or emulsion-containing oral product, e.g., about 0.5% to about 5% by weight, e.g., about 0.75% to about 4% by weight, about 0.75% to about 3% by weight, or about 1% to about 2% by weight, based on the total weight of the emulsion or emulsion-containing oral product.

[0199] Non-limiting examples of suitable buffers include alkali metal acetates, glycinates, phosphates, glycerophosphates, citrates, carbonates, bicarbonates, borates, or mixtures thereof, in some embodiments, the buffering agent is selected from the group consisting of sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium phosphate, ammonium phosphate, and mixtures thereof.

[0200] Oral products according to the present disclosure may have any suitable pH. In certain embodiments, oral products of the present disclosure have a pH of about 4 to about 7. In certain embodiments, oral products of the present disclosure have a pH of about 4 to about 6.5. In certain embodiments, oral products of the present disclosure have a pH of about 4.5 to about 7. In certain embodiments, oral products of the present disclosure have a pH of about 4.5 to about 6.5. In certain embodiments, oral products of the present disclosure have a pH of about 4 to about 6.5. In certain embodiments, oral products of the present disclosure have a pH of about 4.5 to about 6. In certain embodiments, oral products of the present disclosure have a pH of about 5 to about 6.

[0201] The pH of the oral product can be measured by any suitable technique. For example, the pH of the oral product can be measured by contacting 5 grams of the oral product with 95 g of water (total 100 g) and then mixing for 5 minutes. After mixing, the pH of the solution can be measured with a pH probe.

[0202] Emulsions according to the present disclosure may have any suitable pH. In certain embodiments, emulsions of the present disclosure have a pH of about 4 to about 7. In certain embodiments, emulsions of the present disclosure have a pH of about 4.5 to about 7. In certain embodiments, emulsions of the present disclosure have a pH of about 5 to about 7. In certain embodiments, emulsions of the present disclosure have a pH of about 5.5 to about 7. In certain embodiments, emulsions of the present disclosure have a pH of about 6 to about 7. In certain embodiments, emulsions of the present disclosure have a pH of about 6 to about 6.5.

[0203] salt In some embodiments, emulsions or oral products containing emulsions according to the present disclosure typically contain salts (e.g., alkali metal salts) used in an amount sufficient to provide the product with desired sensory attributes. Non-limiting examples of suitable salts include sodium chloride, potassium chloride, ammonium chloride, flour salt, sodium acetate, sodium citrate, and the like. When present, a representative amount of salt is at least about 0.5% by weight, such as at least about 1% by weight, such as at least about 1.5% by weight. In some embodiments, emulsions or oral products may contain salt in an amount of about 0.5% by weight to about 10% by weight, such as about 1% by weight to about 7.5% by weight, such as about 1.5% by weight to about 5% by weight, based on the total weight of the oral product containing the emulsion.

[0204] Other Additives Other additives may be included in the disclosed emulsions or oral products containing the emulsions. For example, the emulsions or oral products containing the emulsions may be processed, blended, compounded, combined, and / or mixed with other materials or ingredients. The additives may be artificial, obtained or derived from herbal or biological sources. Examples of additional types of additives include thickening or gelling agents (e.g., fish gelatin), preservatives (e.g., potassium sorbate, sodium benzoate, calcium propionate, etc.), disintegration aids, zinc or magnesium salts selected to be relatively water-soluble for compositions with high water solubility (e.g., magnesium or zinc gluconate) or relatively water-insoluble for compositions with low water solubility (e.g., magnesium or zinc oxide), or combinations thereof. For example, for representative components thereof, combinations of components, relative amounts of the components thereof, and modes and methods for using the components thereof, see, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 9,237,769 (Mua et al.), U.S. Pat. No. 7,861,728 (Holton, Jr. et al.), U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2010 / 0291245 (Gao et al.), and U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2007 / 0062549 (Holton, Jr. et al.), each of which is incorporated herein by reference. Typical inclusion ranges of such additional additives may vary depending on the nature and function of the additive and the intended effect on the final composition, with exemplary ranges being up to about 10% by weight (e.g., about 0.1% to about 5% by weight) based on the total weight of the emulsion or oral product containing the emulsion.

[0205] For example, if present, preservatives (e.g., potassium sorbate, sodium benzoate, calcium propionate, etc.) may be included in the oral product in an amount of about 0.001% to about 5% by weight of the oral product, such as about 0.01% to about 2.5% by weight of the oral product, such as about 0.05% to about 1% by weight of the oral product. If present, preservatives (e.g., potassium sorbate, sodium benzoate, calcium propionate, etc.) may be included in the emulsion in an amount of about 0.01% to about 5% by weight of the emulsion, such as about 0.05% to about 2.5% by weight of the emulsion, such as about 0.1% to about 1% by weight of the emulsion.

[0206] Colorants may be used in amounts sufficient to provide the emulsion or emulsion-containing oral product of the present disclosure with desired physical attributes. Examples of colorants include various dyes and pigments, such as caramel color and titanium dioxide. The amount of colorant utilized in the emulsion or emulsion-containing oral product may vary, but when present, is typically up to about 3% by weight, such as about 0.1%, about 0.5%, or about 1% to about 3% by weight, based on the total weight of the emulsion or oral product.

[0207] The aforementioned additives may be used together (e.g., as an additive blend) or separately (e.g., individual additive components may be added at different stages involved in the preparation of the final product). Furthermore, additives of the aforementioned types may be encapsulated when provided in the final product or composition. Exemplary encapsulated additives are described, for example, in WO2010 / 132444 (Atchley), which is incorporated herein by reference.

[0208] Configured for use in the oral cavity The emulsions and compositions and products comprising the emulsions described herein are adapted for use in the oral cavity. As used herein, the term "adapted for use in the oral cavity" means that the product is provided in such a form that during use, one or more of the components of the emulsion, composition, or product (e.g., flavoring agent and / or active ingredient) enter the mouth of the user by the saliva in the mouth of the user. In certain embodiments, the emulsion, composition, or product is an active ingredient adapted to deliver the ingredient to the user via the mucous membrane in the mouth of the user, the digestive system of the user, or both, and in some cases, the ingredient is absorbed through the mucous membrane in the mouth or absorbed from the digestive tract when the product is used.

[0209] The products (incorporating the disclosed emulsions) configured for use in the oral cavity described herein are in solid form. The products may take a variety of forms, such as lozenges, gums, drops, tablets, and powders. The products may be provided in the form of a pouch with the solid oral product (e.g., a powder) incorporated within the pouch.

[0210] Certain products adapted for use in the oral cavity take the form of lozenges. As used herein, the term "lozenge" refers to a dissolvable oral product made by solidifying a liquid or gel composition, resulting in a somewhat hardened solid gel in the final product. The consistency of the gel varies widely. Certain products may, for example, exhibit one or more of the following characteristics: crunchy, granular, chewy, syrupy, pasty, fluffy, smooth, and / or creamy. In certain embodiments, the desired texture properties may be selected from the group consisting of adhesiveness, cohesiveness, density, dryness, friability, granularity, gummyness, hardness, weight, moisture absorption, moisture release, mouth stickiness, roughness, slipperiness, smoothness, viscosity, wetness, and combinations thereof.

[0211] Products including emulsions of the present disclosure may be dissolvable. As used herein, the terms "dissolve", "dissolving" and "dissolvable" refer to compositions having water-soluble components that interact with moisture in the oral cavity and go into solution, thereby allowing the product to be consumed gradually. According to one embodiment, a dissolvable product may persist in the user's mouth for a given period of time until completely dissolved. The dissolution rate may vary over a wide range, from about 1 minute or less to about 60 minutes. For example, a fast-release composition typically dissolves and / or releases the active agent in about 2 minutes or less, often about 1 minute or less (e.g., about 50 seconds or less, about 40 seconds or less, about 30 seconds or less, or within about 20 seconds). Dissolution may occur by any means, such as dissolution, mechanical disruption (e.g., chewing), enzymatic or other chemical degradation, or by disruption of interactions between the components of the composition. In some embodiments, the product may be meltable, for example, as discussed in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2012 / 0037175 (Cantrell et al.). In other embodiments, the product does not dissolve while the product remains in the user's mouth.

[0212] In some embodiments, the oral product may be in the form of a powder. The powder may be a free-flowing powder. The powder may be contained in a loose form in a container and thus may be used in a form similar to snuff, where the user pinches the powder from the container and places the powder in the oral cavity. Alternatively or additionally, the powder may be incorporated into a moisture-permeable (e.g. saliva-permeable) pouch, similar to snus-type products. The pouched product may be configured for insertion into the oral cavity of the user. That is, the pouched product may be a pouched oral product.

[0213] In some embodiments, the products of the present disclosure are in the form of a pouched oral product. Such a pouched product comprises a solid oral product containing an emulsion as described herein disposed within a moisture permeable container (e.g., a water permeable pouch or a saliva permeable pouch). For example, the pouched product may comprise a solid oral product in powder form incorporated within a saliva permeable pouch.

[0214] Thus, according to some embodiments described herein, there is provided a pouched oral product comprising a saliva permeable pouch and an oral product incorporated within the pouch, the oral product being in solid form and comprising an emulsion comprising a continuous phase and a dispersion, the emulsion comprising a cannabinoid. The oral product incorporated within the pouch may be in the form of a powder, for example.

[0215] Such compositions in the form of moisture-permeable pouches are typically used by placing one pouch containing the composition into the mouth of a human subject / user. Generally, the pouch is placed somewhere in the user's oral cavity, e.g., under the lips, in the same manner that moist snuff products are commonly used. The pouch is preferably not chewed or swallowed. Exposure to saliva then allows some of the ingredients of the composition therein (e.g., flavorings and / or active ingredients) to pass through, e.g., the moisture-permeable pouch, providing flavor and satisfaction to the user, without the user having to expectorate any portion of the composition. After about 10 minutes to about 60 minutes, usually about 15 minutes to about 45 minutes of use / enjoyment, a substantial amount of the composition is ingested by the human subject, and the pouch can be removed from the human subject's mouth for disposal.

[0216] Thus, in certain embodiments, the emulsions disclosed herein and any other optional components described above are combined in a moisture-permeable packet or pouch that acts as a container for the use of the composition to provide a pouched product configured for use in the oral cavity. Certain embodiments of the present disclosure are described with reference to FIG. 1 of the accompanying drawings, and these described embodiments include a snus-type product having an outer pouch and containing the composition described herein. As will be described in more detail below, such embodiments are provided by way of example only, and the pouched products of the present disclosure may contain compositions in other forms. The composition / structure of such packets or pouches, such as the container pouch 102 in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, may vary. Referring to FIG. 1, a first embodiment of a pouched product 100 is shown. The pouched product 100 includes a moisture-permeable container in the form of a pouch 102, which contains a material 104 that includes an emulsion or emulsion-containing composition described herein.

[0217] In some embodiments, the pouch is saliva permeable. This means that the pouch is made from a saliva permeable pouch material. In some embodiments, the pouch material is a fleece material. In some embodiments, the pouch material is a nonwoven material. In some embodiments, the pouch material is a nonwoven fleece material. In some embodiments, the pouch material includes viscose, such as viscose rayon fibers. In some embodiments, the pouch material includes regenerated cellulose fibers. In some embodiments, the pouch material includes polyester fibers. The polyester fibers may comprise the pouch material or may be included in combination with viscose (e.g., regenerated cellulose fibers). In some embodiments, the pouch material includes a binder that allows for heat sealing of the pouch during manufacture. In some embodiments, the pouch material includes an acrylic binder. In some embodiments, the pouch material includes an acrylic binder in combination with viscose and / or polyester fibers.

[0218] Suitable packets, pouches, or containers of the type used in the manufacture of smokeless tobacco products are available under the trade names CatchDry, Ettan, General, Granit, Goteborgs Rape, Grovsnus White, Metropol Kaktus, Mocca Anis, Mocca Mint, Mocca Wintergreen, Kicks, Probe, Prince, Skruf, and TreAnkrare. The composition may be contained and packaged in a pouch in a manner and using the type of ingredients used in the manufacture of traditional snus-type products. The pouch provides a moisture-permeable container of the type that may be similar in characteristics to the mesh-like type of material used in the construction of tea bags. The ingredients of the composition easily diffuse through the pouch into the mouth of the user.

[0219] Non-limiting examples of suitable types of pouches are described, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 5,167,244 (Kjerstad), U.S. Pat. No. 8,931,493 (Sebastian et al.), and U.S. Patent Application Publication Nos. 2016 / 0000140 (Sebastian et al.), 2016 / 0073689 (Sebastian et al.), 2016 / 0157515 (Chapman et al.), and 2016 / 0192703 (Sebastian et al.), each of which is incorporated herein by reference. The pouches may be provided as individual pouches or multiple pouches (e.g., 2, 4, 5, 10, 12, 15, 20, 25, or 30 pouches) may be connected or linked together (e.g., end to end) such that a single pouch or individual portions can be easily detached from the integrally formed strand or matrix of pouches for use. The pouches may be formed, for example, of a moisture permeable nonwoven fabric such as viscose.

[0220] Exemplary pouches may be manufactured with materials and in a manner such that the pouch undergoes controlled dispersion or dissolution during use by the user. Such pouch materials may have the form of mesh, mesh screen, perforated paper, permeable fabric, and the like. For example, a pouch material manufactured from rice paper in mesh form or perforated rice paper may dissolve in the mouth of the user. As a result, the pouch and the composition each completely disperse in the mouth of the user during normal use conditions, and thus both the pouch and the composition may be ingested by the user. Other examples of pouch materials may be manufactured using water-dispersible film-forming materials (e.g., binders such as alginates, carboxymethylcellulose, xanthan gum, pullulan, and the like), and combinations of these materials with materials such as comminuted cellulosic derivatives (e.g., fine particle size wood pulp). Preferred pouch materials are water-dispersible or soluble, but may be designed and manufactured such that a significant amount of the composition contents will permeate the pouch material under normal use conditions before the pouch loses its physical integrity. If desired, flavoring ingredients, disintegration aids, and other desired ingredients may be incorporated into or applied to the pouch material.

[0221] The amount of oral product contained in each pouched product unit, e.g., pouch, may vary. In some embodiments, the weight of the composition containing the emulsion in each pouch is at least about 50 mg, e.g., about 50 mg to about 2 grams, about 100 mg to about 1.5 grams, or about 200 mg to about 700 mg. In some smaller embodiments, the weight of the composition in each pouch may be about 100 mg to about 300 mg. In larger embodiments, the weight of the material in each pouch may be about 300 mg to about 700 mg. Other ingredients may be contained in each pouch as needed. For example, at least one flavored strip, piece, or sheet of flavored water-dispersible or water-soluble material (e.g., breath freshening edible film-type material) may be placed in each pouch with or without at least one capsule. Such strip or sheet may be folded or crumpled for easy incorporation into the pouch. See, for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,887,307 (Scott et al.) and 6,923,981 (Leung et al.); and the types of materials and techniques described in The EFSA Journal (2004), Vol. 85, pp. 1-32, which are incorporated herein by reference.

[0222] In certain embodiments, one or more active ingredients described herein are included in the composition in the pouch, and one or more additional active ingredients are disposed in or on the exterior surface of the pouched product (e.g., on or in a pouch material disclosed herein). In some embodiments, the separate locations of the active ingredients may allow for differential release profiles (e.g., one active ingredient may reach the mouth and / or digestive system quickly, while another active ingredient may be released more slowly with use of the product). For example, in some embodiments, the composition in the pouched product (or oral product) may include at least one cannabinoid, and the at least one cannabinoid may also be disposed in or on the exterior surface of the pouched product (e.g., on or in a pouch material disclosed herein). Alternatively or additionally, at least one cannabinoid may be included in the oral product in the pouch, and at least one additional separate active agent may be included in or on the exterior surface of the pouch.

[0223] According to some embodiments described herein, a package is provided containing the solid oral product described herein. For example, the package may contain the oral product in powder form. In such embodiments, the package may take the form of a tin or plastic container. Alternatively or additionally, the package may contain the oral product in the form of lozenges, pastilles, tablets, etc. The package may take the form of a blister pack, tin, or plastic container containing such solid oral dosage form.

[0224] According to some embodiments described herein, a package is provided that contains at least one pouched oral product described herein. The pouched products described herein may be packaged in any suitable inner packaging material and / or outer container. See, for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,014,039 (Henson et al.), 7,537,110 (Kutsch et al.), 7,584,843 (Kutsch et al.), 8,397,945 (Gelardi et al.), D592,956 (Thiellier), D594,154 (Patel et al.), and D625,178 (Bailey et al.), U.S. Patent Application Publication Nos. 2008 / 0173317 (Robinson et al.), 2009 / 0014343 (Clark et al.), 2009 / 0014450 (Bjork et al.), which are incorporated herein by reference. see also various types of containers for smokeless type products described in A. Kholm, A. Bellamah et al., A. Gelardi et al., A. 2009 / 0250360, A. Gelardi et al., A. 2009 / 0266837, A. 2009 / 0223989, A. Gelardi, A. 2009 / 0230003, A. Thiellier, A. 2010 / 0084424, A. Gelardi, and A. 2010 / 0133140, A. Bailey et al., A. 2010 / 0264157, A. Bailey et al., and A. 2011 / 0168712, A. Bailey et al. For example, the package can be a tin or plastic container containing a plurality of pouched oral products.

[0225] Overall product In some embodiments, the oral product comprises: (a) an emulsion comprising a continuous phase and a dispersed phase, the emulsion comprising at least one cannabinoid; (b) Filler Includes.

[0226] In some embodiments, the oral product comprises: (a) a nanoemulsion comprising an oil phase dispersed in an aqueous phase, the nanoemulsion comprising at least one cannabinoid; (b) Microcrystalline cellulose Includes.

[0227] In some embodiments, the oral product comprises: (a) an emulsion comprising a continuous phase and a dispersed phase, the emulsion comprising at least one cannabinoid; (b) a filler, and (c) Wetting agent Includes.

[0228] In some embodiments, the oral product comprises: (a) a nanoemulsion comprising an oil phase dispersed in an aqueous phase, the nanoemulsion comprising at least one cannabinoid; (b) microcrystalline cellulose, and (c) Wetting agent Includes.

[0229] In some embodiments, the oral product comprises: (a) an emulsion comprising a continuous phase and a dispersed phase, the emulsion comprising at least one cannabinoid; (b) a filler, and (c) Salt Includes.

[0230] In some embodiments, the oral product comprises: (a) a nanoemulsion comprising an oil phase dispersed in an aqueous phase, the nanoemulsion comprising at least one cannabinoid; (b) microcrystalline cellulose, and (c) Salt Includes.

[0231] Surprisingly, the inventors have found that when cannabinoids are included in oral products in the form of emulsion, the release characteristics and absorption rate of cannabinoids into the oral mucosa are improved.As those skilled in the art will understand, cannabinoids are hydrophobic compounds that do not easily dissolve in water.This is particularly true for CBD isolates in crystalline form.Therefore, previous cannabinoid-containing oral formulations have the disadvantage that cannabinoids are not easily released from such formulations when placed in the mouth of a user.In addition, cannabinoids are not easily absorbed into the oral mucosa due to their inherent lack of solubility.Rather, such formulations require the user to swallow the cannabinoids that are not absorbed, to deliver them to the user's digestive tract where they can be broken down and absorbed.

[0232] The inventors have found that the problem associated with lack of water solubility is overcome by including cannabinoids in emulsions.Cannabinoids are released from oral products into the mouth of users in a relatively short time.Furthermore, cannabinoids are easily absorbed into the oral mucosa and thus into the bloodstream without the need to swallow active agent.Therefore, the physiological effect of active agent is felt by users much more quickly than in previously known formulations.

[0233] In some embodiments, when placed in the oral cavity of a user, the oral product releases at least 50% by weight of the cannabinoids within up to about 60 minutes, such as within up to about 45 minutes, for example within up to 30 minutes, such as within up to about 15 minutes, for example within up to about 10 minutes, for example within up to about 5 minutes. In some embodiments, when placed in the oral cavity of a user, the oral product releases at least 60% by weight of the cannabinoids within up to about 60 minutes, such as within up to about 45 minutes, for example within up to 30 minutes, such as within up to about 15 minutes, for example within up to about 10 minutes, for example within up to about 5 minutes. In some embodiments, when placed in the oral cavity of a user, the oral product releases at least 70% by weight of the cannabinoids within up to about 60 minutes, such as within up to about 45 minutes, for example within up to 30 minutes, such as within up to about 15 minutes, for example within up to about 10 minutes, for example within up to about 5 minutes. In some embodiments, when placed in the oral cavity of a user, the oral product releases at least 80% by weight of the cannabinoids within up to about 60 minutes, such as within up to about 45 minutes, for example within up to 30 minutes, such as within up to about 15 minutes, for example within up to about 10 minutes, for example within up to about 5 minutes. In some embodiments, when placed in the oral cavity of a user, the oral product releases at least 90% by weight of the cannabinoids within up to about 60 minutes, such as within up to about 45 minutes, for example within up to 30 minutes, such as within up to about 15 minutes, for example within up to about 10 minutes, for example within up to about 5 minutes. In some embodiments, when placed in the oral cavity of a user, the oral product releases at least 95% by weight of the cannabinoids within up to about 60 minutes, such as within up to about 45 minutes, for example within up to 30 minutes, such as within up to about 15 minutes, for example within up to about 10 minutes, for example within up to about 5 minutes.

[0234] The release rate into the oral cavity may be measured using an in vitro dissolution test. The dissolution profile of the cannabinoid may be measured as the amount of cannabinoid released after a period of time in 1 liter of phosphate buffer maintained at 37°C at a pH of about 7.4 using a USP paddle dissolution apparatus.

[0235] In some embodiments, at least 30% by weight of the released cannabinoids (i.e., those released into the user's oral cavity over a specified period of time) are absorbed into the oral mucosa within up to about 60 minutes, such as within up to about 45 minutes, such as within up to about 30 minutes, such as within up to about 15 minutes, such as within up to about 10 minutes, such as within up to about 5 minutes. In some embodiments, at least 40% by weight of the released cannabinoids (i.e., those released into the user's oral cavity over a specified period of time) are absorbed into the oral mucosa within up to about 60 minutes, such as within up to about 45 minutes, such as within up to about 30 minutes, such as within up to about 15 minutes, such as within up to about 10 minutes, such as within up to about 5 minutes. In some embodiments, at least 50% by weight of the released cannabinoids (i.e., those released into the user's oral cavity over a specified period of time) are absorbed into the oral mucosa within up to about 60 minutes, such as within up to about 45 minutes, such as within up to about 30 minutes, such as within up to about 15 minutes, such as within up to about 10 minutes, such as within up to about 5 minutes. In some embodiments, at least 60% by weight of the released cannabinoids (i.e., those released into the user's oral cavity over a specified period of time) are absorbed into the oral mucosa within up to about 60 minutes, such as within up to about 45 minutes, such as within up to about 30 minutes, such as within up to about 15 minutes, such as within up to about 10 minutes, such as within up to about 5 minutes. In some embodiments, at least 70% by weight of the released cannabinoids (i.e., those released into the user's oral cavity over a specified period of time) are absorbed into the oral mucosa within up to about 60 minutes, such as within up to about 45 minutes, such as within up to about 30 minutes, such as within up to about 15 minutes, such as within up to about 10 minutes, such as within up to about 5 minutes. In some embodiments, at least 75% by weight of the released cannabinoids (i.e., those released into the user's oral cavity over a specified period of time) are absorbed into the oral mucosa within up to about 60 minutes, such as within up to about 45 minutes, such as within up to about 30 minutes, such as within up to about 15 minutes, such as within up to about 10 minutes, such as within up to about 5 minutes.

[0236] In some embodiments, the oral product releases the cannabinoid such that at least about 20% by weight of the cannabinoid is absorbed into the oral mucosa (e.g., gums or buccal mucosa) of the user within up to about 60 minutes, such as within up to about 45 minutes, such as within up to about 30 minutes, such as within up to about 15 minutes, such as within up to about 10 minutes, such as within up to about 5 minutes. In some embodiments, the oral product releases the cannabinoid such that at least about 25% by weight of the cannabinoid is absorbed into the oral mucosa of the user within up to about 60 minutes, such as within up to about 45 minutes, such as within up to about 30 minutes, such as within up to about 15 minutes, such as within up to about 10 minutes, such as within up to about 5 minutes. In some embodiments, the oral product releases the cannabinoid such that at least about 30% by weight of the cannabinoid is absorbed into the oral mucosa of the user within about 60 minutes, such as within about 45 minutes, such as within about 30 minutes, such as within about 15 minutes, such as within about 10 minutes, such as within about 5 minutes. In some embodiments, the oral product releases the cannabinoid such that at least about 40% by weight of the cannabinoid is absorbed into the oral mucosa of the user within about 60 minutes, such as within about 45 minutes, such as within about 30 minutes, such as within about 15 minutes, such as within about 10 minutes, such as within about 5 minutes. In some embodiments, the oral product releases the cannabinoid such that at least about 50% by weight of the cannabinoid is absorbed into the oral mucosa of the user within about 60 minutes, such as within about 45 minutes, such as within about 30 minutes, such as within about 15 minutes, such as within about 10 minutes, such as within about 5 minutes.

[0237] The percentage amount of absorption can be measured in vitro. For example, the degree of absorption of cannabinoids into the oral mucosa can be measured via octanol-water partitioning. For example, the product can be dissolved in saliva at about 37°C and then extracted using octanol as part of a liquid-liquid extraction process. Thus, the percentage amount of active ingredient absorbed into the oral mucosa (i.e., the degree of in vitro absorption) corresponds to the percentage amount extracted into octanol.

[0238] The release profile and absorption rate of cannabinoids into the oral mucosa may be measured by any suitable means, for example, techniques known to those skilled in the art for measuring nicotine release and absorption may be used.

[0239] Surprisingly, it has also been found that oral products containing the emulsions can be chemically and physically stable for at least 6 months, for example at a relative humidity of 50%. By "chemically and physically stable" it is understood that the cannabinoids do not migrate out of the product, so that there is no significant loss of cannabinoids in the product due to migration (chemical stability), and that no visible changes are observed over the measured period (physical stability), and that the dissolution profile does not change.

[0240] It is desirable for the product to have a shelf life such that it can be stored for days, weeks, or months. In some embodiments, the oral product is configured to have a water activity of about 0.85 or less, such as about 0.8 or less, such as about 0.75 or less, such as about 0.7 or less, such as about 0.6 or less, such as about 0.5 or less. The inventors have found that when the water activity of the oral product is reduced to below 0.85, the oral product can be stored for a period of weeks or months without exhibiting significant microbiological growth.

[0241] Thus, in some embodiments, the oral product comprises: (a) an emulsion comprising a continuous phase and a dispersed phase, the emulsion comprising at least one cannabinoid; and (b) Filler Including, The oral product has a water activity of less than 0.85.

[0242] As described herein, the "water activity" (aw) of an oral product is the partial vapor pressure of water in the product divided by the standard partial vapor pressure of water. Water activity may be calculated using the following formula:

[0243]

number

[0244] [where ρ is the partial vapor pressure of water in the product, and ρ* is the partial vapor pressure of pure water at the same temperature.] Water activity may be measured using any suitable measurement method known in the art. In some embodiments, water activity is measured using a resistance electrolyte hygrometer. In some embodiments, water activity is measured using a capacitance hygrometer. In some embodiments, water activity is measured using a dew point hygrometer. In some embodiments, water activity is measured using a water activity meter with a tunable diode laser.

[0245] In some embodiments, the water activity of the oral product is from about 0.1 to about 0.8, such as from about 0.5 to about 0.8, such as from about 0.6 to about 0.8, such as from about 0.7 to about 0.8, such as from about 0.73 to about 0.78.

[0246] In particular, it has been found that the water activity of the product can be reduced by several different means. For example, one or more preservatives can be included. Alternatively or additionally, humectants and / or salts can be included to reduce the amount of free water in the oral product. Thus, as described herein, in some embodiments, the oral product includes humectants and / or salts in an amount suitable to reduce the water activity to 0.85 or less. Alternatively or additionally, the amount of filler (e.g., cellulose material such as microcrystalline cellulose) can be increased to an amount of at least about 50% by weight so that the water activity is reduced.

[0247] In some embodiments, the shelf life of the product may be at least about 6 weeks, such as at least about 8 weeks, such as at least about 10 weeks, such as at least about 12 weeks. In some embodiments, the shelf life of the product may be at least about 6 months. As used herein, "shelf life" refers to the period during which no visible microbiological growth is observed on the product and there is no deterioration in the appearance and / or taste of the oral product.

[0248] As described herein, oral product may contain water in the form of the aqueous phase in emulsion.However, in some embodiments, oral product may contain water in an amount of less than about 30% by weight of oral product, such as less than about 25% by weight of oral product, such as less than about 20% by weight, such as less than about 15% by weight of oral product.In some embodiments, the only water present in the composition is contained in the emulsion in the product.

[0249] In some embodiments, the oral product may contain a sufficient amount of water to provide a desired mouthfeel, such as the feel of a moist snus-type product. Thus, a balance is obtained between reducing the water content to reduce water activity and thus improve microbiological stability, while at the same time providing a composition that still has a desirable mouthfeel. In some embodiments, the oral product may contain water in an amount of about 5% to about 30% by weight of the oral product, such as about 10% to about 25% by weight of the oral product, such as about 10% to about 20% by weight of the oral product, such as about 10% to about 15% by weight of the oral product.

[0250] In some embodiments, the weight ratio of filler to water is from about 1:1 to about 20:1, such as from about 1:1 to about 10:1, such as from about 2:1 to about 5:1, such as from about 3:1 to about 5:1.

[0251] In some embodiments, the weight ratio of water to cannabinoid is from about 1:2 to about 15:1, such as from about 1:1 to about 10:1, such as from about 2:1 to about 8:1, such as from about 3:1 to about 5:1.

[0252] method According to some embodiments described herein, there is provided a method for preparing a solid oral product containing an emulsion comprising a continuous phase and a dispersed phase, the method comprising: (a) forming an emulsion in which the continuous phase, the dispersed phase, or both, contain at least one cannabinoid; (b) processing the emulsion to provide a solid form oral product. A method is provided, comprising:

[0253] The emulsion may be as described above and may include any of the features or combinations of features described herein.

[0254] In some embodiments, (a) forming an emulsion step may include mixing an oil phase with a water phase, optionally in the presence of an emulsifier, to form the emulsion.

[0255] In some embodiments, the emulsion is a nanoemulsion. Nanoemulsions can be prepared using high-energy or low-energy methods. High-energy methods utilize mechanical devices (homogenizers) capable of generating strong disruptive forces that can break up the oil and water phases into small oil droplets (see McClements and Rao, Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, Vol. 51, pp. 285-330 (2011)). Such high-energy methods include the use of high-pressure valve homogenizers, microfluidizers, and sonication methods. Low-energy methods may rely on the spontaneous formation of small oil droplets in a system when solution or environmental conditions are changed.

[0256] For example, the nanoemulsions disclosed herein can be prepared by mechanical processes that use shear forces to break up large emulsion droplets into smaller droplets, such as high pressure homogenization (HPH, including microfluidization), high amplitude sonication, and ultrasonically assisted emulsification. In some embodiments, the nanoemulsions can be formed through the use of a high pressure valve homogenizer, a microfluidizer, or an ultrasonic homogenizer (including ultrasonic jet homogenizers and ultrasonic probe homogenizers). In general, the nanoemulsions of the present disclosure can be prepared by preparing an aqueous phase containing an emulsifier (e.g., an amphiphilic molecule or a surfactant) disclosed herein, homogenizing this solution for a period of time with a homogenizer or mixer, and preparing an oil phase containing the oil described above.

[0257] At least one cannabinoid may be added to the aqueous phase and / or the oil phase, and one or more additional hydrophobic active ingredients, flavors, or combinations thereof may be added to the aqueous phase and / or the oil phase, if desired. Following such addition, the same may be mixed by a suitable mixing device. The aqueous phase and the oil phase are combined and homogenized, for example, by a probe sonicator (Sonics and Materials, USA), a high pressure homogenizer (such as those manufactured by Gauline or Avestine), or a microfluidizer, to obtain the desired nanoemulsion. The number of passes through the high pressure homogenizer / microfluidizer may vary depending on the desired particle size for the nanoemulsion. Various methods are known in the art for producing nanoemulsions containing nano-sized particles of a particular size range, for example, using sonication or homogenization. One such method is described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,737,323, which is incorporated herein by reference.

[0258] In some embodiments, (b) processing the emulsion to provide a solid form oral product comprises combining the emulsion (e.g., a nanoemulsion) with a sufficient amount of filler to form a solid oral product. As noted above, in some embodiments, the filler can be a cellulosic material. For example, the filler can be microcrystalline cellulose. In some embodiments, the filler can be present in an amount of at least 50% by weight of the oral product.

[0259] In some embodiments, the method further comprises (a)(i) combining a filler (e.g., a cellulosic material, such as microcrystalline cellulose) with salt, sweeteners, and / or flavoring agents. The emulsion may then be combined in (b) with the product resulting from (a)(i) to form a solid oral product.

[0260] The manner in which the various components of the composition are combined may vary. Thus, for example, the entire composition, including the powdered composition components, may be relatively homogeneous in nature. The above components, which may be in liquid or dry solid form, may be mixed in a pre-process prior to mixing with the remaining components of the composition, or may simply be mixed together with all other liquid or dry components. The various components of the composition may be contacted, combined, or mixed together using any mixing technique or device known in the art. Any mixing method that brings the composition components into intimate contact may be used, such as a mixing device with impellers or other structures that allow agitation. Examples of mixing devices include casing drums, conditioning cylinders or drums, liquid spray devices, cone-type blenders, ribbon blenders, Littleford Day mixers available as FKM130, FKM600, FKM1200, FKM2000, and FKM3000, plowshare mixer cylinders, Hobart mixers, and the like. Further, see, for example, the type of methodology described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,148,325 (Solomon et al.), 6,510,855 (Korte), and 6,834,654 (Williams), each of which is incorporated herein by reference. In some embodiments, the components forming the composition are prepared so that a mixture of these components can be used in a molding process to form the composition. The manner and method of compounding the composition will be clear to those skilled in the art. See, for example, the type of methodology described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,148,325 (Solomon et al.), 6,510,855 (Korte et al.), 6,834,654 (Williams et al.), 4,725,440 (Ridgway et al.), and 6,077,524 (Bolder et al.), each of which is incorporated herein by reference.

[0261] In some embodiments, the method includes mixing a filler, at least one cannabinoid, and a salt to form a first mixture, and adding water to the first mixture to form a final oral product. In some embodiments, the method further includes adding one or more binders to the first mixture. In some embodiments, the method further includes adding a buffer, one or more sweeteners, humectants, flavoring agents, taste modifiers, or combinations thereof to the first mixture. In some embodiments, the method further includes adding additional water to the composition to provide a final oral product.

[0262] use According to some embodiments described herein, there is provided the use of an emulsion to improve the oral release of cannabinoids.The emulsion can be the emulsion described above.For example, the emulsion can be a nanoemulsion that includes nanoparticles or nanodroplets of an oil phase dispersed in a continuous aqueous phase, and the cannabinoid can be included in the oil phase.

[0263] When placed in the oral cavity of a user, the oral product releases at least 50% by weight of the cannabinoids within up to about 60 minutes, such as within up to about 45 minutes, for example within up to 30 minutes, such as within up to about 15 minutes, for example within up to about 10 minutes, for example within up to about 5 minutes. In some embodiments, when placed in the oral cavity of a user, the oral product releases at least 60% by weight of the cannabinoids within up to about 60 minutes, such as within up to about 45 minutes, for example within up to 30 minutes, such as within up to about 15 minutes, for example within up to about 10 minutes, for example within up to about 5 minutes. In some embodiments, when placed in the oral cavity of a user, the oral product releases at least 70% by weight of the cannabinoids within up to about 60 minutes, such as within up to about 45 minutes, for example within up to 30 minutes, such as within up to about 15 minutes, for example within up to about 10 minutes, for example within up to about 5 minutes. In some embodiments, when placed in the oral cavity of a user, the oral product releases at least 80% by weight of the cannabinoids within up to about 60 minutes, such as within up to about 45 minutes, for example within up to 30 minutes, such as within up to about 15 minutes, for example within up to about 10 minutes, for example within up to about 5 minutes. In some embodiments, when placed in the oral cavity of a user, the oral product releases at least 90% by weight of the cannabinoids within up to about 60 minutes, such as within up to about 45 minutes, for example within up to 30 minutes, such as within up to about 15 minutes, for example within up to about 10 minutes, for example within up to about 5 minutes. In some embodiments, when placed in the oral cavity of a user, the oral product releases at least 95% by weight of the cannabinoids within up to about 60 minutes, such as within up to about 45 minutes, for example within up to 30 minutes, such as within up to about 15 minutes, for example within up to about 10 minutes, for example within up to about 5 minutes.

[0264] According to some embodiments described herein, there is provided the use of an emulsion to improve the absorption of cannabinoids into the oral mucosa.The emulsion can be the emulsion described above.For example, the emulsion can be a nanoemulsion that includes nanoparticles or nanodroplets of an oil phase dispersed in a continuous aqueous phase, and the cannabinoid can be included in the oil phase.

[0265] In some embodiments, at least 30% by weight of the released cannabinoids (i.e., those released into the user's oral cavity over a specified period of time) are absorbed into the oral mucosa within up to about 60 minutes, such as within up to about 45 minutes, such as within up to about 30 minutes, such as within up to about 15 minutes, such as within up to about 10 minutes, such as within up to about 5 minutes. In some embodiments, at least 40% by weight of the released cannabinoids (i.e., those released into the user's oral cavity over a specified period of time) are absorbed into the oral mucosa within up to about 60 minutes, such as within up to about 45 minutes, such as within up to about 30 minutes, such as within up to about 15 minutes, such as within up to about 10 minutes, such as within up to about 5 minutes. In some embodiments, at least 50% by weight of the released cannabinoids (i.e., those released into the user's oral cavity over a specified period of time) are absorbed into the oral mucosa within up to about 60 minutes, such as within up to about 45 minutes, such as within up to about 30 minutes, such as within up to about 15 minutes, such as within up to about 10 minutes, such as within up to about 5 minutes. In some embodiments, at least 60% by weight of the released cannabinoids (i.e., those released into the user's oral cavity over a specified period of time) are absorbed into the oral mucosa within up to about 60 minutes, such as within up to about 45 minutes, such as within up to about 30 minutes, such as within up to about 15 minutes, such as within up to about 10 minutes, such as within up to about 5 minutes. In some embodiments, at least 70% by weight of the released cannabinoids (i.e., those released into the user's oral cavity over a specified period of time) are absorbed into the oral mucosa within up to about 60 minutes, such as within up to about 45 minutes, such as within up to about 30 minutes, such as within up to about 15 minutes, such as within up to about 10 minutes, such as within up to about 5 minutes. In some embodiments, at least 75% by weight of the released cannabinoids (i.e., those released into the user's oral cavity over a specified period of time) are absorbed into the oral mucosa within up to about 60 minutes, such as within up to about 45 minutes, such as within up to about 30 minutes, such as within up to about 15 minutes, such as within up to about 10 minutes, such as within up to about 5 minutes.

[0266] In some embodiments, the oral product releases the cannabinoid such that at least about 20% by weight of the cannabinoid is absorbed into the oral mucosa (e.g., gums or buccal mucosa) of the user within up to about 60 minutes, such as within up to about 45 minutes, such as within up to about 30 minutes, such as within up to about 15 minutes, such as within up to about 10 minutes, such as within up to about 5 minutes. In some embodiments, the oral product releases the cannabinoid such that at least about 25% by weight of the cannabinoid is absorbed into the oral mucosa of the user within up to about 60 minutes, such as within up to about 45 minutes, such as within up to about 30 minutes, such as within up to about 15 minutes, such as within up to about 10 minutes, such as within up to about 5 minutes. In some embodiments, the oral product releases the cannabinoid such that at least about 30% by weight of the cannabinoid is absorbed into the oral mucosa of the user within about 60 minutes, such as within about 45 minutes, such as within about 30 minutes, such as within about 15 minutes, such as within about 10 minutes, such as within about 5 minutes. In some embodiments, the oral product releases the cannabinoid such that at least about 40% by weight of the cannabinoid is absorbed into the oral mucosa of the user within about 60 minutes, such as within about 45 minutes, such as within about 30 minutes, such as within about 15 minutes, such as within about 10 minutes, such as within about 5 minutes. In some embodiments, the oral product releases the cannabinoid such that at least about 50% by weight of the cannabinoid is absorbed into the oral mucosa of the user within about 60 minutes, such as within about 45 minutes, such as within about 30 minutes, such as within about 15 minutes, such as within about 10 minutes, such as within about 5 minutes.

[0267] Further broad aspects There is also provided, according to some embodiments described herein, an oral product comprising a cannabinoid, wherein at least 25% by weight of the cannabinoid is absorbed into the oral mucosa within up to about 60 minutes of the oral product being placed in the oral cavity of a user.

[0268] In some embodiments, the oral product releases the cannabinoid such that at least about 25% by weight of the cannabinoid is absorbed into the oral mucosa of the user within about 60 minutes, such as within about 45 minutes, such as within about 30 minutes, such as within about 15 minutes, such as within about 10 minutes, such as within about 5 minutes. In some embodiments, the oral product releases the cannabinoid such that at least about 30% by weight of the cannabinoid is absorbed into the oral mucosa of the user within about 60 minutes, such as within about 45 minutes, such as within about 30 minutes, such as within about 15 minutes, such as within about 10 minutes, such as within about 5 minutes. In some embodiments, the oral product releases the cannabinoid such that at least about 40% by weight of the cannabinoid is absorbed into the oral mucosa of the user within about 60 minutes, such as within about 45 minutes, such as within about 30 minutes, such as within about 15 minutes, such as within about 10 minutes, such as within about 5 minutes. In some embodiments, the oral product releases the cannabinoid such that at least about 50% by weight of the cannabinoid is absorbed into the oral mucosa of the user within up to about 60 minutes, such as within up to about 45 minutes, for example within up to about 30 minutes, such as within up to about 15 minutes, for example within up to about 10 minutes, for example within up to about 5 minutes. EXAMPLES

[0269] Aspects of the present invention will be more fully illustrated by the following examples, which are provided to illustrate certain aspects of the disclosure and should not be construed as limiting the invention.

[0270] Example 1: Oral products Preparation of emulsions Samples of oral products according to embodiments of the present disclosure are prepared from emulsions comprising an oil phase and an aqueous phase and a cannabinoid as the active ingredient.

[0271] The emulsion is prepared by mixing castor oil with carbavidiol isolate in a weight ratio of 3:1 to prepare the oil phase. The mixture is heated at about 70° C. for about 10 minutes until the mixture becomes clear.

[0272] The aqueous phase is formed by mixing water with a preservative (sodium benzoate) and an emulsifier (a combination of Myrj 52 and lecithin). The amount of preservative included is 0.4% by weight of the aqueous phase, and the amount of emulsifier is 20% by weight of the aqueous phase. Glycerin is also added to the water in an amount of 35% by weight of the aqueous phase. The aqueous phase components are subjected to high shear mixing for 20 minutes. A high shear mixer is used for the initial emulsion prior to the ultrasonic homogenization step. An IKA ULTRA-TURRAX disperser is used to prepare a homogenous slurry of the solid components in water and then to produce the initial emulsion. Typically, a shear rate of 5000-15000 rpm is required for the preparation of the aqueous slurry and initial emulsion.

[0273] The oil and water phases are then combined in a 1:9 weight ratio to provide a mixture containing the following ingredients:

[0274] [Table 1]

[0275] The oil and water phases are combined with high shear mixing at 30° C. for approximately 20 minutes or until a homogenous opaque emulsion is formed.

[0276] The resulting macroemulsion is then added to an ultrasonic probe homogenizer (i.e., ultrasonic generator) feed vat, with the temperature set at 30°C. The macroemulsion is flowed into the ultrasonic generator at 150 mL / min using an instrument specific amplitude of 80 μm. The temperature upon exiting the ultrasonic generator does not exceed 40°C. A Fisherbrand model 505 ultrasonic homogenizer with a maximum output of 500 watts is used for the current batch preparation. A Hielscher UIP4000hdT ultrasonic homogenizer is used for large scale batch production. Typical operating parameters for the Hielscher ultrasonic homogenizer are 15 liters / hour (flow rate), 21-66°C (temperature range), and 7 hours (operation time per day). Parameters may be adjusted during production to optimize product output and quality.

[0277] The nanoemulsion obtained is then passed through a filter (1 μm) system and the resulting micellar droplet size is then determined using a Malvern 3000 or equivalent instrument.

[0278] Preparation of oral products The oral product is then prepared in the following manner.

[0279] 1. Microcrystalline cellulose, sodium chloride and acesulfame K are mixed as dry ingredients in a paddle blender.

[0280] 2.Flavoring agents are then sprayed onto the dry ingredients and mixed until uniform.

[0281] 3. The emulsion prepared above is then sprayed into the resulting mixture and mixed until uniform.

[0282] The resulting oral product has the following ingredients:

[0283] [Table 2]

[0284] The oral product has desirable release and absorption characteristics when placed in the user's mouth.

[0285] The various embodiments described herein are presented only to aid in understanding and teaching the features described in the claims. These embodiments are provided only as representative samples of embodiments and are not exhaustive and / or exclusive. It is understood that the advantages, embodiments, examples, functions, features, structures and / or other aspects described herein should not be considered as limitations on the scope of the invention defined by the claims or limitations on the equivalents of the claims, and that other embodiments may be utilized and modifications may be made without departing from the scope of the claimed invention. The various embodiments of the present invention may suitably include, consist of, or essentially include any suitable combination of the disclosed elements, components, features, parts, steps, means, etc., other than those specifically described herein. Furthermore, the present disclosure may include other inventions not currently claimed but which may be claimed in the future.

Claims

1. 1. An oral product containing an emulsion comprising a continuous phase and a dispersed phase, the emulsion comprising at least one cannabinoid, the oral product taking the form of a solid oral product, the dispersed phase being an oil phase comprising at least one cannabinoid and oil in an amount of 5% to 30% by weight based on the total weight of the emulsion, the continuous phase being an aqueous phase comprising water in an amount of 20% to 50% by weight based on the total weight of the emulsion and a humectant in an amount of 20% to 40% by weight based on the total weight of the emulsion, the weight ratio of water to cannabinoid being from 2:1 to 8:1, and the emulsion further comprising a hydrocolloid gum emulsifier in an amount of 5% to 25% by weight based on the total weight of the emulsion.

2. 10. The oral product of claim 1, wherein the emulsion is in the form of a nanoemulsion.

3. 3. The oral product of claim 1 or 2, wherein the zeta potential of the emulsion is less than about -30 mV.

4. The oral product of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the oral product comprises the emulsion in an amount of from about 20% to about 40% by weight of the oral product.

5. 5. The oral product of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the oral product comprises the cannabinoid in an amount of from about 5% to about 15% by weight of the oral product.

6. 6. The oral product of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the cannabinoid is selected from the group consisting of cannabigerol (CBG), cannabichromene (CBC), cannabidiol (CBD), tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabinol (CBN) and cannabinodiol (CBDL), cannabicyclol (CBL), cannabivarin (CBV), tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV), cannabidivarin (CBDV), cannabichromevarin (CBCV), cannabigerovarin (CBGV), cannabigerol monomethyl ether (CBGM), cannabinerolic acid, cannabidiolic acid (CBDA), cannabinol propyl variant (CBNV), cannabiditriol (CBO), tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA), tetrahydrocannabivarinic acid (THCV A) and mixtures thereof.

7. 7. An oral product according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the cannabinoid comprises cannabidiol.

8. 8. The oral product of claim 7, wherein the cannabinoid comprises cannabidiol in an amount of at least 98% by weight of the cannabinoid.

9. The oral product of any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the oral product further comprises a filler.

10. 10. The oral product of claim 9, wherein the filler is a cellulosic material selected from the group consisting of corn fiber, oat fiber, barley fiber, rye fiber, buckwheat fiber, sugar beet fiber, bran fiber, bamboo fiber, wood pulp fiber, cotton fiber, citrus pulp, grass fiber, willow fiber, poplar fiber, cocoa fiber, derivatives thereof and combinations thereof.

11. 11. An oral product according to claim 9 or 10, wherein the filler is microcrystalline cellulose.

12. The oral product of any one of claims 9 to 11, wherein the filler is present in an amount of from about 55% to about 95% by weight of the oral product.

13. 13. The oral product of any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the oral product comprises water in an amount less than 30% by weight of the oral product.

14. 14. The oral product of any one of claims 1 to 13, further comprising at least one additive selected from the group consisting of flavouring agents, taste modifiers, preservatives, humectants, sweetening agents, binders, buffers, stabilizers, salts and mixtures thereof.

15. 15. The oral product of claim 14, wherein the humectant is selected from the group consisting of glycerin, 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-propanediol, sorbitol, xylitol, maltitol, and mixtures thereof.

16. 16. The oral product of any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein the water activity of the oral product is 0.85 or less.

17. An oral product according to any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein the oral product is in the form of a powder, lozenges, tablets or chewing gum.

18. A pouched oral product comprising a saliva-permeable pouch and, incorporated within the pouch, a solid oral product according to any one of claims 1 to 17.

19. A package containing a solid oral product according to any one of claims 1 to 17 or at least one pouched oral product according to claim 18.

20. 1. A method for preparing a solid oral product containing an emulsion comprising a continuous phase and a dispersed phase, the emulsion containing at least one cannabinoid, the dispersed phase being an oil phase comprising at least one cannabinoid and oil in an amount of 5% to 30% by weight based on the total weight of the emulsion, the continuous phase being an aqueous phase comprising water in an amount of 20% to 50% by weight based on the total weight of the emulsion and a humectant in an amount of 20% to 40% by weight based on the total weight of the emulsion, the weight ratio of water to cannabinoid being 2:1 to 8:1, the emulsion further comprising a hydrocolloid gum emulsifier in an amount of 5% to 25% by weight based on the total weight of the emulsion, (a) forming an emulsion wherein the dispersed phase contains at least one cannabinoid and an oil, the continuous phase is an aqueous phase containing water and a humectant, the emulsion further containing a hydrocolloid gum emulsifier; (b) processing the emulsion to provide a solid form oral product; The method includes:

21. 21. The method of claim 20, wherein the oral product comprises a filler and optionally other additives, and step (b) comprises contacting the emulsion with the filler and optionally other additives to provide the oral product in solid form.

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