Dynamic Configuration of Measurement Gap

Abstract

Various techniques for wireless communications are disclosed. In one aspect, a user equipment (UE) receives multiple measurement gap configurations from a serving base station via upper layer signaling, receives activation of a first measurement gap configuration of the multiple measurement gap configurations from the serving base station via lower layer signaling, and performs one or more measurements of one or more non-serving base stations during a measurement gap specified by the first measurement gap configuration. Other techniques related to dynamic configuration of measurement gap configurations are also disclosed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] Cross - Reference to Related Applications

[0001] This patent application claims the benefit of U.S. Patent Law Section 119 to the priority of Indian Patent Application No. 202041027695, filed on June 30, 2020, entitled "DYNAMIC CONFIGURATION OF MEASUREMENT GAPS", which has been assigned to the assignee of this application and is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

Background Art

[0002]

[0002] Aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication.

[0003]

[0003] Wireless communication systems have evolved through various generations, including the first - generation analog wireless telephone service (1G), the second - generation (2G) digital wireless telephone service (including intermediate 2.5G and 2.75G networks), the third - generation (3G) high - speed data and Internet - enabled wireless services, and the fourth - generation (4G) services (e.g., Long - Term Evolution (LTE (R)) or WiMax (R)). Currently, there are many different types of wireless communication systems in use, including cellular and Personal Communication Service (PCS) systems. Examples of well - known cellular systems include the Cellular Analog Advanced Mobile Phone System (AMPS), and digital cellular systems based on Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM (R)), etc.

[0004]

[0004] The 5th generation (5G) wireless standard, called New Radio (NR), among other improvements, requires higher data transfer speeds, a larger number of connections, and better coverage. The 5G standard by the Next Generation Mobile Networks Alliance is designed to provide data rates of tens of megabits per second to each of tens of thousands of users and data rates of one gigabit per second to tens of workers on an office floor. To support large sensor deployments, hundreds of thousands of simultaneous connections should be supported. Thus, the spectral efficiency of 5G mobile communications should be significantly extended compared to current 4G standards. Further, signaling efficiency should be extended and latency should be significantly reduced compared to current standards.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0005]

[0005] The following presents a simplified summary related to one or more aspects disclosed herein. Accordingly, the following summary should not be considered an extensive overview related to all contemplated aspects, nor should the following summary be considered to identify key or critical elements related to all contemplated aspects or to delineate the scope related to particular aspects. Accordingly, the following summary has the sole purpose of presenting in a simplified form, prior to the forms for carrying out the invention presented below, some concepts related to one or more aspects related to the mechanisms disclosed herein.

[0006]

[0006] In one aspect, a method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE) includes receiving, from a serving base station via higher layer signaling, a plurality of measurement gap configurations; receiving, from the serving base station via lower layer signaling, activation of a first measurement gap configuration among the plurality of measurement gap configurations; and performing one or more measurements of one or more non-serving base stations during a measurement gap specified by the first measurement gap configuration.

[0007]

[0007] In one aspect, a method of wireless communication performed by a base station includes transmitting, to a user equipment (UE) via higher layer signaling, a plurality of measurement gap configurations; transmitting, to the UE via lower layer signaling, activation of a first measurement gap configuration among the plurality of measurement gap configurations; and refraining from transmitting data to the UE during a measurement gap specified by the first measurement gap configuration.

[0008]

[0008] In one aspect, a method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE) includes receiving, from a serving base station via higher layer signaling, a measurement gap configuration; receiving, from the serving base station via lower layer signaling, a message for modifying the measurement gap configuration, where the message specifies a new value of one or more parameters of the measurement gap configuration; and performing one or more measurements of one or more non-serving base stations during a measurement gap specified by the modified measurement gap configuration.

[0009]

[0009] In one aspect, a method of wireless communication performed by a base station includes transmitting a measurement gap configuration to a user equipment (UE) via upper layer signaling, transmitting a message to the UE via lower layer signaling to modify the measurement gap configuration, where the message specifies new values for one or more parameters of the measurement gap configuration, and refraining from transmitting data to the UE during a measurement gap specified by the modified measurement gap configuration.

[0010]

[0010] In one aspect, a method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE) includes receiving a measurement gap configuration from a serving base station via upper layer signaling, transmitting a message to the serving base station via lower layer signaling to request one or more updates to the measurement gap configuration, where the message specifies new values for one or more parameters of the measurement gap configuration, and performing one or more measurements of one or more non-serving base stations during a measurement gap specified by the measurement gap configuration or an updated measurement gap configuration based on the measurement gap configuration or the message requesting one or more updates to the measurement gap configuration.

[0011]

[0011] In one aspect, a method of wireless communication performed by a base station includes transmitting a measurement gap configuration to a user equipment (UE) via upper layer signaling, receiving a message from the UE via lower layer signaling to request one or more updates to the measurement gap configuration, where the message specifies new values for one or more parameters of the measurement gap configuration, and refraining from transmitting data to the UE during a measurement gap specified by the measurement gap configuration or an updated measurement gap configuration based on the measurement gap configuration or new values for one or more parameters of the measurement gap configuration.

[0012]

[0012] In one aspect, a method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE) includes receiving, from a location server, a PRS configuration that specifies multiple positioning reference signal (PRS) transmissions scheduled to be transmitted by multiple base stations; transmitting, to a serving base station, a request for a measurement gap to be configured; receiving, from the serving base station, a measurement gap configuration, where the request specifies a location in time and / or frequency of the multiple PRS transmissions; and transmitting, to the location server, the measurement gap configuration based on at least one of the multiple PRS transmissions not matching the measurement gap specified by the measurement gap configuration.

[0013]

[0013] In one aspect, a method of communication performed by a location server includes transmitting, to a user equipment (UE), a PRS configuration that specifies multiple positioning reference signal (PRS) transmissions scheduled to be transmitted by multiple base stations; receiving a measurement gap configuration for the UE; and updating the PRS configuration in response to receiving the measurement gap configuration.

[0014]

[0014] In one aspect, a user equipment (UE) includes a memory, at least one transceiver, and at least one processor communicatively coupled to the memory and the at least one transceiver. The at least one processor is configured to receive, via the at least one transceiver, multiple measurement gap configurations from a serving base station via upper layer signaling, receive, via the at least one transceiver, activation of a first measurement gap configuration of the multiple measurement gap configurations from the serving base station via lower layer signaling, and perform one or more measurements of one or more non-serving base stations during the measurement gap specified by the first measurement gap configuration.

[0015]

[0015] In one aspect, a base station includes a memory, at least one transceiver, and at least one processor communicatively coupled to the memory and the at least one transceiver, the at least one processor being configured to transmit, via the at least one transceiver and via upper layer signaling, a plurality of measurement gap configurations to a user equipment (UE); transmit, via the at least one transceiver and via lower layer signaling, activation of a first measurement gap configuration among the plurality of measurement gap configurations to the UE; and refrain from transmitting data to the UE during a measurement gap specified by the first measurement gap configuration.

[0016]

[0016] In one aspect, a user equipment (UE) includes a memory, at least one transceiver, and at least one processor communicatively coupled to the memory and the at least one transceiver, the at least one processor being configured to receive, via the at least one transceiver and via upper layer signaling, a measurement gap configuration from a serving base station; receive, via the at least one transceiver and via lower layer signaling, a message for modifying the measurement gap configuration from the serving base station, wherein the message specifies new values for one or more parameters of the measurement gap configuration; and perform one or more measurements of one or more non-serving base stations during a measurement gap specified by the modified measurement gap configuration.

[0017]

[0017] In one aspect, a base station includes a memory, at least one transceiver, and at least one processor communicatively coupled to the memory and the at least one transceiver. The at least one processor is configured to transmit a measurement gap configuration to a user equipment (UE) via the at least one transceiver and via upper layer signaling, to transmit a message to the UE via the at least one transceiver and via lower layer signaling to modify the measurement gap configuration, where the message specifies new values for one or more parameters of the measurement gap configuration, and to refrain from transmitting data to the UE during a measurement gap specified by the modified measurement gap configuration.

[0018]

[0018] In one aspect, a user equipment (UE) includes a memory, at least one transceiver, and at least one processor communicatively coupled to the memory and the at least one transceiver. The at least one processor is configured to receive a measurement gap configuration from a serving base station via the at least one transceiver and via upper layer signaling, to transmit a message to the serving base station via the at least one transceiver and via lower layer signaling to request one or more updates to the measurement gap configuration, where the message specifies new values for one or more parameters of the measurement gap configuration, and to perform one or more measurements of one or more non-serving base stations during a measurement gap specified by the measurement gap configuration or by an updated measurement gap configuration based on the message requesting one or more updates to the measurement gap configuration.

[0019]

[0019] In one aspect, a base station includes a memory, at least one transceiver, and at least one processor communicatively coupled to the memory and the at least one transceiver. The at least one processor is configured to transmit, via the at least one transceiver, a measurement gap configuration to a user equipment (UE) via upper layer signaling, receive, via the at least one transceiver, a message from the UE via lower layer signaling requesting one or more updates to the measurement gap configuration, where the message specifies new values for one or more parameters of the measurement gap configuration, and refrain from transmitting data to the UE during a measurement gap specified by the measurement gap configuration or an updated measurement gap configuration based on new values of one or more parameters of the measurement gap configuration.

[0020]

[0020] In one aspect, a user equipment (UE) includes a memory, at least one transceiver, and at least one processor communicatively coupled to the memory and the at least one transceiver. The at least one processor is configured to receive, via the at least one transceiver, a PRS configuration specifying PRS transmissions scheduled to be transmitted by a plurality of base stations from a location server, transmit, via the at least one transceiver, a request for being configured with a measurement gap to a serving base station, receive, via the at least one transceiver, a measurement gap configuration from the serving base station, where the request specifies locations in time and / or frequency of the plurality of PRS transmissions, and transmit the measurement gap configuration to the location server based on at least one of the plurality of PRS transmissions not matching a measurement gap specified by the measurement gap configuration.

[0021]

[0021] In one aspect, a location server includes a memory, at least one transceiver, and at least one processor communicatively coupled to the memory and the at least one transceiver. The at least one processor is configured to transmit, via the at least one transceiver, to a user equipment (UE), a PRS configuration that specifies PRS transmissions scheduled to be transmitted by a plurality of base stations; receive, via the at least one transceiver, a measurement gap configuration for the UE; and update the PRS configuration in response to receiving the measurement gap configuration.

[0022]

[0022] In one aspect, a user equipment (UE) includes means for receiving, from a serving base station via upper layer signaling, a plurality of measurement gap configurations; means for receiving, from the serving base station via lower layer signaling, activation of a first measurement gap configuration among the plurality of measurement gap configurations; and means for performing one or more measurements of one or more non-serving base stations during a measurement gap specified by the first measurement gap configuration.

[0023]

[0023] In one aspect, a base station includes means for transmitting, to a user equipment (UE) via upper layer signaling, a plurality of measurement gap configurations; means for transmitting, to the UE via lower layer signaling, activation of a first measurement gap configuration among the plurality of measurement gap configurations; and means for refraining from transmitting data to the UE during a measurement gap specified by the first measurement gap configuration.

[0024]

[0024] In one aspect, a user equipment (UE) includes means for receiving, from a serving base station via upper layer signaling, a measurement gap configuration; means for receiving, from the serving base station via lower layer signaling, a message for modifying the measurement gap configuration, where the message specifies new values for one or more parameters of the measurement gap configuration; and means for performing one or more measurements of one or more non-serving base stations during a measurement gap specified by the modified measurement gap configuration.

[0025]

[0025] In one aspect, a base station includes means for transmitting, to a user equipment (UE) via upper layer signaling, a measurement gap configuration; means for transmitting, to the UE via lower layer signaling, a message for modifying the measurement gap configuration, where the message specifies new values for one or more parameters of the measurement gap configuration; and means for refraining from transmitting data to the UE during a measurement gap specified by the modified measurement gap configuration.

[0026]

[0026] In one aspect, a user equipment (UE) includes means for receiving, from a serving base station via upper layer signaling, a measurement gap configuration; means for transmitting, to the serving base station via lower layer signaling, a message requesting one or more updates to the measurement gap configuration, where the message specifies new values for one or more parameters of the measurement gap configuration; and means for performing one or more measurements of one or more non-serving base stations during a measurement gap specified by the measurement gap configuration or an updated measurement gap configuration based on the message requesting one or more updates to the measurement gap configuration.

[0027]

[0027] In one aspect, the base station includes means for transmitting a measurement gap configuration to a user equipment (UE) via upper layer signaling, means for receiving, from the UE via lower layer signaling, a message requesting one or more updates to the measurement gap configuration, where the message specifies new values for one or more parameters of the measurement gap configuration, and means for refraining from transmitting data to the UE during the specified measurement gap according to the measurement gap configuration or an updated measurement gap configuration based on new values of one or more parameters of the measurement gap configuration.

[0028]

[0028] In one aspect, the user equipment (UE) includes means for receiving a PRS configuration specifying a plurality of positioning reference signal (PRS) transmissions scheduled to be transmitted by a plurality of base stations from a location server, means for transmitting a request for being configured with a measurement gap to a serving base station, means for receiving a measurement gap configuration from the serving base station, where the request specifies locations in time and / or frequency of the plurality of PRS transmissions, and means for transmitting a measurement gap configuration to the location server based on at least one of the plurality of PRS transmissions not coinciding with a measurement gap specified by the measurement gap configuration.

[0029]

[0029] In one aspect, the location server includes means for transmitting a PRS configuration specifying a plurality of positioning reference signal (PRS) transmissions scheduled to be transmitted by a plurality of base stations to a user equipment (UE), means for receiving a measurement gap configuration for the UE, and means for updating the PRS configuration in response to receiving the measurement gap configuration.

[0030]

[0030] In one aspect, a non-transitory computer-readable medium stores computer-executable instructions that, when executed by a user equipment (UE), cause the UE to receive, from a serving base station via upper layer signaling, a plurality of measurement gap configurations; receive, from the serving base station via lower layer signaling, activation of a first measurement gap configuration among the plurality of measurement gap configurations; and perform one or more measurements of one or more non-serving base stations during a measurement gap specified by the first measurement gap configuration.

[0031]

[0031] In one aspect, a non-transitory computer-readable medium stores computer-executable instructions that, when executed by a base station, cause the base station to transmit, to a user equipment (UE) via upper layer signaling, a plurality of measurement gap configurations; transmit, to the UE via lower layer signaling, activation of a first measurement gap configuration among the plurality of measurement gap configurations; and refrain from transmitting data to the UE during a measurement gap specified by the first measurement gap configuration.

[0032]

[0032] In one aspect, a non-transitory computer-readable medium stores computer-executable instructions that, when executed by a user equipment (UE), cause the UE to receive, from a serving base station via upper layer signaling, a measurement gap configuration; receive, from the serving base station via lower layer signaling, a message for modifying the measurement gap configuration, where the message specifies new values for one or more parameters of the measurement gap configuration; and perform one or more measurements of one or more non-serving base stations during a measurement gap specified by the modified measurement gap configuration.

[0033]

[0033] In one aspect, a non-transitory computer-readable medium stores computer-executable instructions that, when executed by a base station, cause the base station to transmit a measurement gap configuration to a user equipment (UE) via upper layer signaling, and to transmit a message to the UE via lower layer signaling to modify the measurement gap configuration, where the message specifies new values for one or more parameters of the measurement gap configuration, and to refrain from transmitting data to the UE during the measurement gap specified by the modified measurement gap configuration.

[0034]

[0034] In one aspect, a non-transitory computer-readable medium stores computer-executable instructions that, when executed by a user equipment (UE), cause the UE to receive a measurement gap configuration from a serving base station via upper layer signaling, and to transmit a message to the serving base station via lower layer signaling requesting one or more updates to the measurement gap configuration, where the message specifies new values for one or more parameters of the measurement gap configuration, and to perform one or more measurements of one or more non-serving base stations during the measurement gap specified by the measurement gap configuration or an updated measurement gap configuration based on the message requesting one or more updates to the measurement gap configuration.

[0035]

[0035] In one aspect, a non-transitory computer-readable medium stores computer-executable instructions that, when executed by a base station, cause the base station to transmit a measurement gap configuration to a user equipment (UE) via upper layer signaling, receive from the UE via lower layer signaling a message requesting one or more updates to the measurement gap configuration, wherein the message specifies new values for one or more parameters of the measurement gap configuration, and refrain from transmitting data to the UE during the measurement gap specified by the measurement gap configuration or an updated measurement gap configuration based on new values of one or more parameters of the measurement gap configuration.

[0036]

[0036] In one aspect, a non-transitory computer-readable medium stores computer-executable instructions that, when executed by a user equipment (UE), cause the UE to receive a PRS configuration specifying a plurality of positioning reference signal (PRS) transmissions scheduled to be transmitted by a plurality of base stations from a location server, transmit a request for being configured with measurement gaps to a serving base station, receive a measurement gap configuration from the serving base station, wherein the request specifies locations in time and / or frequency of the plurality of PRS transmissions, and transmit the measurement gap configuration to the location server based on at least one of the plurality of PRS transmissions not coinciding with the measurement gap specified by the measurement gap configuration.

[0037]

[0037] In one aspect, a non-transitory computer-readable medium stores computer-executable instructions that, when executed by a location server, cause the location server to transmit to the user equipment (UE) a PRS configuration specifying a plurality of positioning reference signal (PRS) transmissions scheduled to be transmitted by a plurality of base stations, receive a measurement gap configuration for the UE, and update the PRS configuration in response to receiving the measurement gap configuration.

[0038]

[0038] Other objects and advantages related to the aspects disclosed in this specification will become apparent to those skilled in the art based on the accompanying drawings and the mode for carrying out the invention.

[0039]

[0039] The accompanying drawings are presented to assist in the description of various aspects of the present disclosure and are provided for illustrative purposes of the aspects rather than limitations of the aspects.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0040]

Figure 1

[0040] A diagram showing an exemplary wireless communication system according to an aspect of the present disclosure.

Figure 2A

[0041] A diagram showing an exemplary wireless network structure according to an aspect of the present disclosure.

Figure 2B

Figure 3A

[0042] A simplified block diagram of some exemplary aspects of components that can be employed in a user equipment (UE) and configured to support the communications taught herein.

Figure 3B

Figure 3C

Figure 4A

[0043] A diagram showing an exemplary frame structure according to an aspect of the present disclosure.

Figure 4B

[0044] A diagram showing various downlink channels in an exemplary downlink slot according to an aspect of the present disclosure.

Figure 5

[0045] Diagram of an exemplary positioning reference signal (PRS) configuration for PRS transmission of a given base station according to an aspect of the present disclosure.

Figure 6

[0046] Diagram showing how the parameters of a measurement gap configuration specify the pattern of the measurement gap according to an aspect of the present disclosure.

Figure 7

[0047] Diagram of an exemplary scenario where a measurement gap configured for radio resource management (RRM) measurement resources does not coincide with the PRS transmission to be measured.

Figure 8

[0048] Diagram of an exemplary scenario where the configured measurement gap pattern does not cover all configured PRS occasions.

Figure 9

[0049] Diagram of an exemplary scenario where PRS transmissions outside the configured measurement gap pattern are muted or modified.

Figure 10

[0050] Diagram showing an exemplary method of communication according to an aspect of the present disclosure.

Figure 11

Figure 12

Figure 13

Figure 14

Figure 15

Figure 16

Figure 17

Mode for Carrying Out the Invention

[0041]

[0051] Aspects of the present disclosure are provided in the following description and the related drawings directed to various examples provided for illustrative purposes. Alternative aspects may be devised without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. Further, well-known elements of the present disclosure are either not described in detail or are omitted so as not to obscure relevant details of the present disclosure.

[0042]

[0052] The words "exemplary" and / or "example" are used herein to mean "an example, instance, or act of exemplifying." Any aspect described herein as "exemplary" and / or "example" should not necessarily be construed as preferred or advantageous over other aspects. Similarly, the term "aspect of the present disclosure" does not require that all aspects of the present disclosure include the described feature, advantage, or mode of operation.

[0043]

[0053] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the information and signals described below may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referred to throughout the following description may be represented, in part, depending on a particular application, in part, on a desired design, in part, on a corresponding technology, etc., by voltage, current, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, optical fields or optical particles, or any combination thereof.

[0044]

[0054] Further, many aspects are described with respect to a series of actions to be performed, for example, by elements of a computing device. It should be recognized that the various actions described herein can be implemented by a particular circuit (e.g., an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC)), by program instructions executed by one or more processors, or by a combination of both. Further, the series of actions described herein can be considered to be implemented in their entirety within any form of non-transitory computer-readable storage medium that stores a corresponding set of computer instructions that, when executed, cause the relevant processor of the device to perform or cause to be performed the functions described herein. Thus, the various aspects of the present disclosure can be implemented in several different forms all of which are contemplated to fall within the scope of the claimed subject matter. Further, for each of the aspects described herein, a corresponding form of any such aspect can be described herein, for example, as "logic configured to" perform the described actions.

[0045]

[0055] As used herein, the terms "user equipment" (UE) and "base station" are not intended to be specific to or otherwise limited to any particular radio access technology (RAT) unless otherwise stated. Generally, a UE can be any wireless communication device used by a user to communicate over a wireless communication network (e.g., a mobile phone, router, tablet computer, laptop computer, consumer asset tracking device, wearable (e.g., smartwatch, glasses, augmented reality (AR) / virtual reality (VR) headset, etc.), vehicle (e.g., automobile, motorcycle, bicycle, etc.), Internet of Things (IoT) device, etc.). A UE can be mobile or (e.g., at some times) stationary and can communicate with a radio access network (RAN). The term "UE" as used herein may be interchangeably referred to as "access terminal" or "AT", "client device", "wireless device", "subscriber device", "subscriber terminal", "subscriber station", "user terminal" or "UT", "mobile device", "mobile terminal", "mobile station", or variants thereof. Generally, a UE can communicate with a core network via a RAN, and through the core network, the UE can be connected to external networks such as the Internet and other UEs. Of course, other mechanisms for connecting to a core network and / or the Internet are also possible for a UE, such as via a wired access network, a wireless local area network (WLAN) network (e.g., based on Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 specifications, etc.).

[0046]

[0056] A base station may operate according to one of several RATs communicating with a UE, depending on the network in which it is deployed, and may alternatively be referred to as an access point (AP), network node, Node B, evolved Node B (eNB), next-generation eNB (ng-eNB), new radio (NR) Node B (also referred to as gNB or g-node B), etc. The base station may be used to support wireless access by a UE, including primarily supporting data, voice, and / or signaling connections for the supported UE. In some systems, the base station may provide only an edge node signaling function, while in other systems, it may provide additional control and / or network management functions. The communication link through which a UE can send signals to the base station is called an uplink (UL) channel (e.g., reverse traffic channel, reverse control channel, access channel, etc.). The communication link through which the base station can send signals to the UE is called a downlink (DL) or forward link channel (e.g., paging channel, control channel, broadcast channel, forward traffic channel, etc.). The term traffic channel (TCH) as used herein may refer to either an uplink / reverse traffic channel or a downlink / forward traffic channel.

[0047]

[0057] The term "base station" can refer to a single physical transmit-receive point (TRP), or multiple physical TRPs that may or may not be collocated. For example, when the term "base station" refers to a single physical TRP, the physical TRP can be the antenna of the base station corresponding to the cell (or some cell sectors) of the base station. When the term "base station" refers to multiple collocated physical TRPs, the physical TRPs can be an array of antennas of the base station (such as in a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system, or when the base station employs beamforming). When the term "base station" refers to multiple non-collocated physical TRPs, the physical TRPs can be a distributed antenna system (DAS) (a network of spatially separated antennas connected to a common source via a transport medium) or a remote radio head (RRH) (a remote base station connected to a serving base station). Alternatively, the non-collocated physical TRPs can be the serving base station that receives measurement reports from the UE and the neighbor base station whose reference radio frequency (RF) signal the UE is measuring. Since the TRP is the point from which the base station transmits and receives wireless signals, references in this specification to transmissions from the base station or receptions at the base station should be understood to refer to a particular TRP of the base station.

[0048]

[0058] In some implementations that support UE positioning, the base station may not support wireless access by the UE (for example, may not support data, voice, and / or signaling connections for the UE), but instead may transmit to the UE the reference signals to be measured by the UE and / or receive and measure the signals transmitted by the UE. Such a base station may be referred to as a positioning beacon (for example, when transmitting signals to the UE) and / or a location measurement unit (for example, when receiving and measuring signals from the UE).

[0049]

[0059] An "RF signal" comprises an electromagnetic wave of a given frequency that transports information through the space between a transmitter and a receiver. As used herein, a transmitter can send a single "RF signal" or multiple "RF signals" to a receiver. However, due to the propagation characteristics of the RF signal through a multipath channel, a receiver can receive multiple "RF signals" corresponding to each transmitted RF signal. The same transmitted RF signal on different paths between the transmitter and the receiver may be referred to as a "multipath" RF signal. As used herein, an RF signal may be referred to as a "wireless signal" or simply as a "signal" if the context makes it clear that the term "signal" refers to a wireless signal or an RF signal.

[0050]

[0060] FIG. 1 shows an exemplary wireless communication system 100 according to an aspect of the present disclosure. (Sometimes referred to as a wireless wide area network (WWAN)) The wireless communication system 100 may include various base stations 102 (labeled as "BS") and various UEs 104. The base stations 102 may include macrocell base stations (high-power cellular base stations) and / or small cell base stations (low-power cellular base stations). In one aspect, the macrocell base stations may include an eNB and / or ng-eNB corresponding to the wireless communication system 100 being an LTE network, or a gNB corresponding to the wireless communication system 100 being an NR network, or a combination of both, and the small cell base stations may include femtocells, picocells, microcells, etc.

[0051]

[0061] The base station 102 collectively forms a RAN, interfaces with a core network 170 (e.g., evolved packet core (EPC) or 5G core (5GC)) through a backhaul link 122, and may interface through the core network 170 to one or more location servers 172 (e.g., location management function (LMF) or secure user plane location (SUPL) location platform (SLP)). The (one or more) location servers 172 may be part of the core network 170 or may be external to the core network 170. In addition to other functions, the base station 102 may perform functions related to one or more of transferring user data, radio channel encryption and decryption, integrity protection, header compression, mobility control functions (e.g., handover, dual connectivity), inter-cell interference coordination, connection setup and release, load distribution, distribution for non-access stratum (NAS) messages, NAS node selection, synchronization, RAN sharing, multimedia broadcast multicast service (MBMS), subscriber and device tracing, RAN information management (RIM), paging, positioning, and delivery of warning messages. The base stations 102 may communicate with each other directly or indirectly (e.g., through the EPC / 5GC) via a backhaul link 134, which may be wired or wireless.

[0052]

[0062] The base station 102 can communicate wirelessly with the UE 104. Each of the base stations 102 can provide communication coverage to its respective geographic coverage area 110. In one aspect, one or more cells can be supported by the base stations 102 in each geographic coverage area 110. A "cell" is a logical communication entity used for communication with a base station (e.g., via some frequency resource such as a carrier frequency, component carrier, carrier, band, etc.), and can be associated with an identifier (e.g., Physical Cell Identifier (PCI), Extended Cell Identifier (ECI), Virtual Cell Identifier (VCI), Cell Global Identifier (CGI), etc.) for distinguishing cells operating via the same or different carrier frequencies. In some cases, different cells can be configured according to different protocol types (e.g., Machine-Type Communication (MTC), NarrowBand Internet of Things (NB-IoT), Extended Mobile Broadband (eMBB), or others) that can provide access to different types of UEs. Since a cell is supported by a specific base station, the term "cell" can, depending on the context, refer to either or both of the logical communication entity and the base station that supports it. Further, since the TRP is generally the physical transmission point of a cell, the terms "cell" and "TRP" can be used interchangeably. In some cases, the term "cell" can also refer to the geographic coverage area (e.g., sector) of a base station as long as a carrier frequency is detected and can be used for communication within some portion of the geographic coverage area 110.

[0053]

[0063] The geographical coverage area 110 of the neighboring macro cell base station 102 may partially overlap (e.g., in a handover area), but some of the geographical coverage areas 110 may be significantly overlapped by a larger geographical coverage area 110. For example, a small cell base station 102' (labeled "SC" for "small cell") may have a geographical coverage area 110' that significantly overlaps with the geographical coverage area 110 of one or more macro cell base stations 102. A network including both small cell base stations and macro cell base stations may be known as a heterogeneous network. The heterogeneous network may also include a home eNB (HeNB) that can provide services to a restricted group known as a closed subscriber group (CSG).

[0054]

[0064] The communication link 120 between the base station 102 and the UE 104 may include an uplink transmission (also called a reverse link) from the UE 104 to the base station 102 and / or a downlink (DL) transmission (also called a forward link) from the base station 102 to the UE 104. The communication link 120 may use MIMO antenna technology including spatial multiplexing, beamforming, and / or transmit diversity. The communication link 120 may be through one or more carrier frequencies. The carrier allocation may be asymmetric with respect to the downlink and the uplink (e.g., more or fewer carriers may be allocated for the downlink than for the uplink).

[0055]

[0065] Wireless communication system 100 may further include a WLAN access point (AP) 150 that communicates with a wireless local area network (WLAN) station (STA) 152 via a communication link 154 in an unlicensed frequency spectrum (e.g., 5 GHz). When communicating in an unlicensed frequency spectrum, the WLAN STA 152 and / or the WLAN AP 150 may perform a clear channel assessment (CCA) procedure or a listen before talk (LBT) procedure before communicating to determine whether the channel is available.

[0056]

[0066] Small cell base station 102' may operate in a licensed and / or unlicensed frequency spectrum. When operating in an unlicensed frequency spectrum, small cell base station 102' may employ LTE or NR technology and use the same 5 GHz unlicensed frequency spectrum as used by WLAN AP 150. A small cell base station 102' that employs LTE / 5G in an unlicensed frequency spectrum may boost coverage to an access network and / or increase the capacity of the access network. NR in an unlicensed spectrum may be referred to as NR-U. LTE in an unlicensed spectrum may be referred to as LTE-U, licensed assisted access (LAA), or MulteFire.

[0057]

[0067] The wireless communication system 100 may further include a mmW base station 180 that can operate in millimeter wave (mmW) frequencies and / or near mmW frequencies and is communicating with the UE 182. Extremely high frequency (EHF) is a part of RF in the electromagnetic spectrum. EHF has a range of 30 GHz to 300 GHz and a wavelength between 1 millimeter and 10 millimeters. Radio waves in this band are sometimes called millimeter waves. Near mmW can extend downward to a frequency of 3 GHz with a wavelength of 100 millimeters. The super high frequency (SHF) band extends between 3 GHz and 30 GHz, also called centimeter waves. Communication using the mmW / near mmW radio frequency band has high path loss and a relatively short range. The mmW base station 180 and the UE 182 may utilize beamforming (transmission and / or reception) via the mmW communication link 184 to compensate for the extremely high path loss and short range. Further, in an alternative configuration, it will be understood that one or more base stations 102 may also transmit using mmW or near mmW and beamforming. Accordingly, it will be understood that the above description is merely exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the various aspects disclosed herein.

[0058]

[0068] Transmission beamforming is a technique for focusing RF signals in a specific direction. Conventionally, when a network node (e.g., a base station) broadcasts an RF signal, it broadcasts the signal in all directions (omnidirectionally). In transmission beamforming, the network node determines where a given target device (e.g., a UE) is located (with respect to the transmitting network node) and projects a stronger downlink RF signal in that specific direction, thereby providing a faster and stronger RF signal (in terms of data rate) to one or more receiving devices. To change the directivity of the RF signal when transmitting, the network node can control the phase and relative amplitude of the RF signal at each of one or more transmitters that are broadcasting the RF signal. For example, the network node can use an array of antennas (referred to as a "phased array" or "antenna array") that can create a beam of RF waves that can be "steered" to point in different directions without actually moving the antennas. In particular, the RF current from the transmitter is supplied to the individual antennas with an appropriate phase relationship such that the radio waves from the separate antennas add up to increase the radiation in the desired direction while canceling out and suppressing the radiation in the undesired directions.

[0059]

[0069] The transmit beam can be quasi-collocated, which means that the transmit beam appears to have the same parameters to a receiver (e.g., UE) regardless of whether the transmit antennas of the network node are physically collocated. In NR, there are four types of quasi-collocation (QCL) relationships. In particular, a given type of QCL relationship means that some parameters regarding a second reference RF signal on a second beam can be derived from information regarding a source reference RF signal on a source beam. Thus, if the source reference RF signal is of QCL type A, the receiver can use the source reference RF signal to estimate the Doppler shift, Doppler spread, average delay, and delay spread of the second reference RF signal transmitted on the same channel. If the source reference RF signal is of QCL type B, the receiver can use the source reference RF signal to estimate the Doppler shift and Doppler spread of the second reference RF signal transmitted on the same channel. If the source reference RF signal is of QCL type C, the receiver can use the source reference RF signal to estimate the Doppler shift and average delay of the second reference RF signal transmitted on the same channel. If the source reference RF signal is of QCL type D, the receiver can use the source reference RF signal to estimate the spatial reception parameters of the second reference RF signal transmitted on the same channel.

[0060]

[0070] In receive beamforming, the receiver uses a receive beam to amplify the RF signals detected on a given channel. For example, the receiver can increase the gain setting of the array of antennas and / or adjust the phase setting in that direction in order to amplify an RF signal received from a particular direction (e.g., increase its gain level). Thus, when the receiver is said to beamform in a certain direction, it means that the beam gain in that direction is high relative to the beam gains along other directions, or that the beam gain in that direction is the highest compared to the beam gains in that direction of all other receive beams available to the receiver. This results in a stronger received signal strength of the RF signal received from that direction (e.g., reference signal received power (RSRP), reference signal received quality (RSRQ), signal-to-interference plus noise ratio (SINR), etc.).

[0061]

[0071] The transmit beam and the receive beam can be spatially related. The spatial relationship means that the parameters for a second beam (e.g., a transmit beam or a receive beam) for a second reference signal can be derived from information regarding the first beam (e.g., a receive beam or a transmit beam) for a first reference signal. For example, a UE may use a particular receive beam to receive a reference downlink reference signal (e.g., a synchronization signal block (SSB)) from a base station. The UE can then form a transmit beam for sending an uplink reference signal (e.g., a sounding reference signal (SRS)) to that base station based on the parameters of the receive beam.

[0062]

[0072] Note that the "downlink" beam can be either a transmission beam or a reception beam depending on the entity forming it. For example, when the base station forms a downlink beam to transmit a reference signal to the UE, the downlink beam is a transmission beam. However, when the UE forms a downlink beam, it is a reception beam for receiving the downlink reference signal. Similarly, the "uplink" beam can be either a transmission beam or a reception beam depending on the entity forming it. For example, when the base station forms an uplink beam, it is an uplink reception beam, and when the UE forms an uplink beam, it is an uplink transmission beam.

[0063]

[0073] In 5G, the frequency spectrum in which wireless nodes (e.g., base stations 102 / 180, UEs 104 / 182) operate is divided into a plurality of frequency ranges: FR1 (from 450 to 6000 MHz), FR2 (from 24250 to 52600 MHz), FR3 (above 52600 MHz), and FR4 (between FR1 and FR2). The mmW frequency band generally includes the FR2, FR3, and FR4 frequency ranges. Therefore, the terms "mmW" and "FR2" or "FR3" or "FR4" can generally be used interchangeably.

[0064]

[0074] In a multi-carrier system such as 5G, one of the carrier frequencies is referred to as the "primary carrier" or "anchor carrier" or "primary serving cell" or "PCell", and the remaining carrier frequencies are referred to as "secondary carriers" or "secondary serving cells" or "SCells". In carrier aggregation, the anchor carrier is a carrier that operates on the primary frequency (e.g., FR1) that is used by the UE104 / 182 and the cell with which the UE104 / 182 either performs the initial radio resource control (RRC) connection establishment procedure or initiates the RRC connection re-establishment procedure. The primary carrier carries all common and UE-specific control channels and can be a carrier within the authorized frequency (however, this is not always the case). The secondary carrier can be configured when the RRC connection is established between the UE104 and the anchor carrier and is a carrier that operates on a second frequency (e.g., FR2) that can be used to provide additional radio resources. In some cases, the secondary carrier can be a carrier within the unlicensed frequency. The secondary carrier may contain only the necessary signaling information and signals, and for example, since both the primary uplink carrier and the primary downlink carrier are typically UE-specific, UE-specific ones may not be present in the secondary carrier. This means that different UEs104 / 182 in the cell can have different downlink primary carriers. The same applies to the uplink primary carrier. The network can change the primary carrier of any UE104 / 182 at any time. This is done, for example, to distribute the load for different carriers. Terms such as "cell", "serving cell", "component carrier", "carrier frequency", etc. can be used interchangeably since a "serving cell" (whether it is a PCell or an SCell) corresponds to the carrier frequency / component carrier through which some base station is communicating.

[0065]

[0075] For example, still referring to FIG. 1, one of the frequencies utilized by macrocell base station 102 can be an anchor carrier (or “PCell”), and the other frequencies utilized by macrocell base station 102 and / or mmW base station 180 can be secondary carriers (“SCells”). Simultaneous transmission and / or reception of multiple carriers enables UE104 / 182 to significantly increase its data transmission and / or reception rate. For example, two aggregated 20 MHz carriers in a multi-carrier system would theoretically lead to a doubling of the data rate (i.e., 40 MHz) compared to what can be achieved by a single 20 MHz carrier.

[0066]

[0076] Wireless communication system 100 can further include UE164 that can communicate with macrocell base station 102 via communication link 120 and / or communicate with mmW base station 180 via mmW communication link 184. For example, macrocell base station 102 can support a PCell and one or more SCells for UE164, and mmW base station 180 can support one or more SCells for UE164.

[0067]

[0077] In the example of FIG. 1, any of the illustrated UEs (shown in FIG. 1 as a single UE104 for simplicity) may receive a signal 124 from one or more Earth-orbiting space vehicles (SVs) 112 (e.g., satellites). In one aspect, the SV112 may be part of a satellite positioning system that the UE104 can use as an independent source of location information. A satellite positioning system generally includes a system of transmitters arranged to enable a receiver (e.g., UE104) to determine the location of the receiver on or above the Earth, at least in part based on a positioning signal (e.g., signal 124) received from a transmitter (e.g., SV112). Such transmitters generally transmit signals marked with a set number of chips of a repeating pseudo-random noise (PN) code. Although generally located in the SV112, the transmitter may sometimes be located on a ground-based control station, base station 102, and / or another UE104. The UE104 may include one or more dedicated receivers specially designed to receive the signal 124 for deriving geolocation information from the SV112.

[0068]

[0078] In a satellite positioning system, the use of signal 124 can be augmented by various satellite-based augmentation systems (SBAS) that can be associated with or otherwise enabled for use with one or more global and / or regional navigation satellite systems. For example, SBAS can include (one or more) augmentation systems that provide integrity information, differential corrections, etc., such as the Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS), the European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service (EGNOS), the Multi-functional Satellite Augmentation System (MSAS), the Global Positioning System (GPS) Aided Geo Augmented Navigation or the GPS and Geo Augmented Navigation system (GAGAN). Thus, as used herein, a satellite positioning system can include any combination of one or more global and / or regional navigation satellites associated with such one or more satellite positioning systems.

[0069]

[0079] In one aspect, SV112 may be part of one or more non-terrestrial networks (NTNs), additionally or alternatively. In an NTN, SV112 is connected to an earth station (also called a terrestrial station, NTN gateway, or gateway), and the earth station is connected to an element in a 5G network, such as a modified base station 102 (without a terrestrial antenna) or a network node in 5GC. This element provides access to other elements in the 5G network and ultimately to entities external to the 5G network, such as internet web servers and other user devices. In this way, UE104 may receive communication signals (e.g., signal 124) from SV112 instead of or in addition to communication signals from terrestrial base station 102.

[0070]

[0080] Wireless communication system 100 may further include one or more UEs, such as UE190, that are indirectly connected to one or more communication networks via one or more device-to-device (D2D) peer-to-peer (P2P) links (referred to as "sidelinks"). In the example of FIG. 1, UE190 has a D2D P2P link 192 with one of UE104s connected to one of base stations 102 (through which UE190 may indirectly obtain cellular connectivity, for example), and a D2D P2P link 194 with WLAN STA152 connected to WLAN AP150 (through which UE190 may indirectly obtain WLAN-based internet connectivity). In one example, D2D P2P links 192 and 194 may be supported using any well-known D2D RAT, such as LTE Direct (LTE-D), WiFi Direct (registered trademark) (WiFi(registered trademark)-D), Bluetooth (registered trademark).

[0071]

[0081] FIG. 2A shows an exemplary wireless network structure 200. For example, 5GC 210 (also referred to as Next Generation Core (NGC)) can be functionally regarded as control plane (C-plane) functions 214 (e.g., UE registration, authentication, network access, gateway selection, etc.) and user plane (U-plane) functions 212 (e.g., UE gateway function, access to data network, IP routing, etc.) that operate collaboratively to form a core network. User plane interface (NG-U) 213 and control plane interface (NG-C) 215 connect gNB 222 to 5GC 210, particularly to user plane function 212 and control plane function 214 respectively. In an additional configuration, ng-eNB 224 can also be connected to 5GC 210 via NG-C 215 to the control plane function 214 and NG-U 213 to the user plane function 212. Further, ng-eNB 224 can communicate directly with gNB 222 via backhaul connection 223. In some configurations, Next Generation RAN (NG-RAN) 220 can have one or more gNB 222s, while other configurations include one or more of both ng-eNB 224 and gNB 222. Either (or both) of gNB 222 or ng-eNB 224 can communicate with one or more UEs 204 (e.g., any of the UEs described herein).

[0072]

[0082] Another optional aspect may include a location server 230 that may communicate with the 5GC 210 to provide location assistance to the UE(s) 204. The location server 230 may be implemented as a plurality of distinct servers (e.g., physically distinct servers, different software modules on a single server, different software modules spread across multiple physical servers, etc.), or alternatively, may correspond to each a single server. The location server 230 may be configured to support one or more location services for the UE(s) 204 that can connect to the location server 230 via the core network, via the 5GC 210, and / or via the Internet (not shown). Further, the location server 230 may be integrated into the components of the core network or alternatively may be external to the core network (e.g., a third party server such as an OEM server or a service server).

[0073]

[0083] Figure 2B shows another exemplary wireless network structure 250. 5GC 260 (which may correspond to 5GC 210 in Figure 2A) can be regarded as functionally including a control plane function provided by an access and mobility management function (AMF) 264 that operates cooperatively to form a core network (i.e., 5GC 260), and a user plane function provided by a user plane function (UPF) 262. The functions of AMF 264 include registration management, connection management, reachability management, mobility management, lawful interception, transport for session management (SM) messages between one or more UEs 204 (e.g., any of the UEs described herein) and a session management function (SMF) 266, a transparent proxy service for routing SM messages, access authentication and authorization, transport for short message service (SMS) messages between UE 204 and a short message service function (SMSF) (not shown), and a security anchor function (SEAF). AMF 264 also interacts with an authentication server function (AUSF) (not shown) and UE 204 and receives an intermediate key established as a result of the UE 204 authentication process. In the case of authentication based on a UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System) subscriber identity module (USIM), AMF 264 retrieves security materials from AUSF. The functions of AMF 264 also include security context management (SCM). SCM receives a key from SEAF that it uses to derive an access network-specific key. The functions of AMF 264 also include location service management for regulatory services, transport for location service messages between UE 204 and a location management function (LMF) 270 acting as a location server 230, transport for location service messages between NG-RAN 220 and LMF 270, EPS bearer identifier allocation for interoperability with an evolved packet system (EPS), and UE 204 mobility event notification.Furthermore, AMF264 also supports functions for non-3GPP (Registered Trademark) (3rd Generation Partnership Project) access networks.

[0074]

[0084] The functions of UPF262 include, when applicable, acting as an anchor point for in / intra-RAT mobility, acting as an external protocol data unit (PDU) session point for the interconnection to a data network (not shown), providing packet routing and forwarding, packet inspection, user plane policy rule enforcement (e.g., gating, redirection, traffic steering), lawful interception (user plane collection), traffic usage reporting, quality of service (QoS) handling for the user plane (e.g., uplink / downlink rate enforcement, reflective QoS marking in the downlink), uplink traffic verification (service data flow (SDF) to QoS flow mapping), transport level packet marking in the uplink and downlink, downlink packet buffering and downlink data notification triggering, and sending and forwarding one or more "end markers" to the source RAN node. UPF262 may also support the transfer of location service messages on the user plane between UE204 and a location server such as SLP272.

[0075]

[0085] The functions of SMF266 include session management, UE Internet Protocol (IP) address allocation and management, selection and control of user plane functions, configuration of traffic steering in UPF262 for routing traffic to appropriate destinations, policy enforcement and partial control of QoS, and downlink data notification. The interface through which SMF266 communicates with AMF264 is called the N11 interface.

[0076]

[0086] Another optional aspect may include an LMF 270 that may be communicating with the 5GC 260 to provide location assistance to the UE 204. The LMF 270 may be implemented as a plurality of distinct servers (e.g., physically distinct servers, different software modules on a single server, different software modules spread across multiple physical servers, etc.) or, alternatively, may correspond to each a single server. The LMF 270 may be configured to support one or more location services for the UE 204 that can connect to the LMF 270 via the core network, via the 5GC 260, and / or via the Internet (not shown). The SLP 272 may support similar functions as the LMF 270, but the LMF 270 may communicate with the AMF 264, the NG-RAN 220, and the UE 204 on the control plane (using, for example, interfaces and protocols intended to convey signaling messages rather than voice or data), and the SLP 272 may communicate with the UE 204 and an external client (not shown in FIG. 2B) on the user plane (using, for example, protocols intended to carry voice and / or data such as the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and / or IP).

[0077]

[0087] The user plane interface 263 and the control plane interface 265 connect the 5GC 260, in particular, to the UPF 262 and the AMF 264 respectively, to one or more gNBs 222 and / or ng-eNBs 224 in the NG-RAN 220. The interface between the (one or more) gNBs 222 and / or (one or more) ng-eNBs 224 and the AMF 264 is called the "N2" interface, and the interface between the (one or more) gNBs 222 and / or (one or more) ng-eNBs 224 and the UPF 262 is called the "N3" interface. The (one or more) gNBs 222 and / or (one or more) ng-eNBs 224 of the NG-RAN 220 can communicate directly with each other via a backhaul connection 223 called the "Xn-C" interface. One or more of the gNBs 222 and / or ng-eNBs 224 can communicate with one or more UEs 204 via a wireless interface called the "Uu" interface.

[0078]

[0088] The functions of gNB 222 are split between a gNB central unit (gNB-CU) 226 and one or more gNB distributed units (gNB-DUs) 228. The interface 232 between the gNB-CU 226 and the one or more gNB-DUs 228 is called the "F1" interface. The gNB-CU 226 is a logical node that includes base station functions such as transferring user data, mobility control, radio access network sharing, positioning, session management, etc., except for the functions exclusively allocated to the (one or more) gNB-DUs 228. More specifically, the gNB-CU 226 hosts the radio resource control (RRC), service data adaptation protocol (SDAP), and packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) protocols of the gNB 222. The gNB-DU 228 is a logical node that hosts the radio link control (RLC) layer, media access control (MAC) layer, and physical (PHY) layer of the gNB 222. Its operation is controlled by the gNB-CU 226. One gNB-DU 228 can support one or more cells, and one cell is supported by only one gNB-DU 228. Thus, the UE 204 communicates with the gNB-CU 226 via the RRC layer, SDAP layer, and PDCP layer, and communicates with the gNB-DU 228 via the RLC layer, MAC layer, and PHY layer.

[0079]

[0089] FIG. 3A, FIG. 3B, and FIG. 3C show some exemplary components (represented by corresponding blocks) that may be incorporated into a UE 302 (which may correspond to any of the UEs described herein), a base station 304 (which may correspond to any of the base stations described herein), and a network entity 306 (which may correspond to or implement any of the network functions described herein, including location server 230 and LMF 270, or alternatively may be independent of the infrastructure of NG-RAN 220 and / or 5GC 210 / 260 shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B, such as a private network) to support the file transfer operations taught herein. It will be appreciated that these components may be implemented in different types of devices (e.g., in an ASIC, in a system-on-chip (SoC), etc.) in different implementation forms. The illustrated components may also be incorporated into other devices in the communication system. For example, other devices in the system may include similar components as those described to provide similar functionality. Also, a given device may include one or more of the components. For example, a device may include multiple transceiver components that enable the device to operate on multiple carriers and / or communicate by different technologies.

[0080]

[0090] UE 302 and base station 304 each include one or more wireless wide area network (WWAN) transceivers 310 and 350, respectively, and provide means (e.g., means for transmitting, receiving, measuring, adjusting, refraining from transmitting, etc.) for communicating via one or more wireless communication networks (not shown), such as an NR network, an LTE network, a GSM network. WWAN transceivers 310 and 350 can each be connected to one or more antennas 316 and 356, respectively, to communicate with other network nodes such as other UEs, access points, base stations (e.g., eNB, gNB) via at least one designated RAT (e.g., NR, LTE, GSM, etc.) on the respective wireless communication medium (e.g., some set of time / frequency resources in a particular frequency spectrum). WWAN transceivers 310 and 350 can be variously configured to transmit and encode signals 318 and 358 (e.g., messages, instructions, information, etc.) according to the designated RAT, and conversely, to receive and decode signals 318 and 358 (e.g., messages, instructions, information, pilots, etc.). In particular, WWAN transceivers 310 and 350 each include one or more transmitters 314 and 354, respectively, for transmitting and encoding signals 318 and 358, and each include one or more receivers 312 and 352, respectively, for receiving and decoding signals 318 and 358.

[0081]

[0091] UE 302 and base station 304 also each include, in at least some cases, one or more short-range wireless transceivers 320 and 360, respectively. Short-range wireless transceivers 320 and 360 are each connected to one or more antennas 326 and 366, respectively, and provide means (e.g., means for transmitting, receiving, measuring, adjusting, refraining from transmitting, etc.) for communicating with other network nodes such as other UEs, access points, base stations, etc. over the respective wireless communication medium via at least one designated RAT (e.g., WiFi, LTE-D, Bluetooth, Zigbee®, Z-Wave®, PC5, dedicated short-range communications (DSRC), wireless access for vehicular environments (WAVE), near-field communication (NFC), etc.). Short-range wireless transceivers 320 and 360 can be variously configured to transmit and encode signals 328 and 368 (e.g., messages, instructions, information, etc.) according to the designated RAT, and conversely, to receive and decode signals 328 and 368 (e.g., messages, instructions, information, pilots, etc.). In particular, short-range wireless transceivers 320 and 360 each include one or more transmitters 324 and 364, respectively, for transmitting and encoding signals 328 and 368, and each include one or more receivers 322 and 362, respectively, for receiving and decoding signals 328 and 368. As a specific example, short-range wireless transceivers 320 and 360 can be WiFi transceivers, Bluetooth transceivers, Zigbee and / or Z-Wave® transceivers, NFC transceivers, or vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and / or vehicle-to-everything (V2X) transceivers.

[0082]

[0092] UE 302 and base station 304 also include satellite signal receivers 330 and 370 in at least some cases. Satellite signal receivers 330 and 370 can be connected to one or more antennas 336 and 376 respectively, and can each provide means for receiving and / or measuring satellite positioning / communication signals 338 and 378. When satellite signal receivers 330 and 370 are satellite positioning system receivers, satellite positioning / communication signals 338 and 378 can be Global Positioning System (GPS) signals, Global Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS) signals, Galileo signals, Beidou signals, India's Regional Navigation Satellite System (NAVIC), Quasi-Zenith Satellite System (QZSS), etc. When satellite signal receivers 330 and 370 are non-terrestrial network (NTN) receivers, satellite positioning / communication signals 338 and 378 can be communication signals transmitted from a 5G network (for example, carrying control and / or user data). Satellite signal receivers 330 and 370 can each be equipped with any suitable hardware and / or software for receiving and processing satellite positioning / communication signals 338 and 378. Satellite signal receivers 330 and 370 can appropriately request information and operations from other systems, and in at least some cases, can perform calculations to determine the locations of UE 302 and base station 304 respectively using measurements obtained by any suitable satellite positioning system algorithm.

[0083]

[0093] The base station 304 and the network entity 306 each include one or more network transceivers 380 and 390 respectively, and provide means (e.g., means for transmitting, means for receiving, etc.) for communicating with other network entities (e.g., other base stations 304, other network entities 306). For example, the base station 304 may employ one or more network transceivers 380 to communicate with other base stations 304 or network entities 306 via one or more wired or wireless backhaul links. As another example, the network entity 306 may employ one or more network transceivers 390 to communicate with one or more base stations 304 via one or more wired or wireless backhaul links, or to communicate with other network entities 306 via one or more wired or wireless core network interfaces.

[0084]

[0094] The transceiver may be configured to communicate via a wired or wireless link. (Regardless of whether it is a wired transceiver or a wireless transceiver) The transceiver includes a transmitter circuit (e.g., transmitters 314, 324, 354, 364) and a receiver circuit (e.g., receivers 312, 322, 352, 362). In some implementations, the transmitter may be an integrated device (e.g., implemented as a transmitter circuit and a receiver circuit in a single device), in some implementations, it may include separate transmitter circuits and separate receiver circuits, or in other implementations, it may be implemented in other ways. The transmitter circuits and receiver circuits of a wired transceiver (e.g., in some implementations, network transceivers 380 and 390) may be coupled to one or more wired network interface ports. The wireless transmitter circuits (e.g., transmitters 314, 324, 354, 364) may include or be coupled to a plurality of antennas (e.g., antennas 316, 326, 356, 366), such as an antenna array, that enable each device (e.g., UE 302, base station 304) to perform transmission "beamforming" as described herein. Similarly, the wireless receiver circuits (e.g., receivers 312, 322, 352, 362) may include or be coupled to a plurality of antennas (e.g., antennas 316, 326, 356, 366), such as an antenna array, that enable each device (e.g., UE 302, base station 304) to perform reception beamforming as described herein. In one aspect, the transmitter circuit and the receiver circuit may share the same plurality of antennas (e.g., antennas 316, 326, 356, 366) such that each device can perform only reception or transmission at a given time, rather than both reception and transmission simultaneously. The wireless transceivers (e.g., WWAN transceivers 310 and 350, short-range wireless transceivers 320 and 360) may also include, for example, a network listening module (NLM) for performing various measurements.

[0085]

[0095] The various wireless transceivers (e.g., in some implementations, transceivers 310, 320, 350, and 360, and network transceivers 380 and 390) and the wired transceivers (e.g., in some implementations, network transceivers 380 and 390) used in this specification can generally be characterized as a "transceiver", "at least one transceiver", or "one or more transceivers". Thus, whether a particular transceiver is a wired transceiver or a wireless transceiver can be inferred from the type of communication being implemented. For example, backhaul communication between network devices or servers is generally related to signaling via a wired transceiver, while wireless communication between a UE (e.g., UE 302) and a base station (e.g., base station 304) is generally related to signaling via a wireless transceiver.

[0086]

[0096] UE 302, base station 304, and network entity 306 may also include other components that can be used with the operations disclosed in this specification. UE 302, base station 304, and network entity 306 each include one or more processors 332, 384, and 394, for example, to provide functions related to wireless communication and to provide other processing functions. Processors 332, 384, and 394 can thus provide means for making decisions, means for calculating, means for receiving, means for transmitting, means for instructing, etc., means for processing. In one aspect, processors 332, 384, and 394 can include, for example, one or more general-purpose processors, multi-core processors, central processing units (CPUs), ASICs, digital signal processors (DSPs), field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), other programmable logic devices or processing circuits, or various combinations thereof.

[0087]

[0097] UE 302, base station 304, and network entity 306 each include a memory circuit that implements memories 340, 386, and 396 (e.g., each including a memory device) to maintain information (e.g., information indicating reserved resources, thresholds, parameters, etc.). Memories 340, 386, and 396 can thus provide means for storing, retrieving, maintaining, etc. In some cases, UE 302, base station 304, and network entity 306 may each include positioning components 342, 388, and 398. Positioning components 342, 388, and 398, when executed, can be part of or hardware circuits coupled to respective processors 332, 384, and 394 that cause UE 302, base station 304, and network entity 306 to perform the functions described herein. In other embodiments, positioning components 342, 388, and 398 can be external to processors 332, 384, and 394 (e.g., integrated with another processing system that is part of a modem processing system, etc.). Alternatively, positioning components 342, 388, and 398 can be memory modules stored in respective memories 340, 386, and 396 that cause UE 302, base station 304, and network entity 306 to perform the functions described herein when executed by processors 332, 384, and 394 (or a modem processing system, another processing system, etc.). FIG. 3A shows possible locations of positioning component 342, which can be part of, for example, one or more WWAN transceivers 310, memory 340, one or more processors 332, or any combination thereof, or can be a stand-alone component. FIG. 3B shows possible locations of positioning component 388, which can be part of, for example, one or more WWAN transceivers 350, memory 386, one or more processors 384, or any combination thereof, or can be a stand-alone component.FIG. 3C shows possible locations of a positioning component 398 that can be part of, for example, one or more network transceivers 390, a memory 396, one or more processors 394, or any combination thereof, or can be a stand-alone component.

[0088]

[0098] The UE 302 can include one or more sensors 344 coupled to one or more processors 332 to provide means for detecting or sensing movement and / or orientation information that is independent of movement data derived from signals received by one or more WWAN transceivers 310, one or more short-range wireless transceivers 320, and / or a satellite signal receiver 330. By way of example, the (one or more) sensors 344 can include an accelerometer (e.g., a microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) device), a gyroscope, a geomagnetic sensor (e.g., a compass), an altimeter (e.g., a barometric altimeter), and / or any other type of movement detection sensor. Additionally, the (one or more) sensors 344 can include multiple different types of devices and can combine their outputs to provide movement information. For example, the (one or more) sensors 344 can use a combination of a multi-axis accelerometer and an orientation sensor to provide the ability to calculate a position in a two-dimensional (2D) and / or three-dimensional (3D) coordinate system.

[0089]

[0099] Further, the UE 302 includes a user interface 346 that provides means for providing an indication (e.g., an audible and / or visual indication) to the user and / or means for receiving user input (e.g., upon actuation of a sensing device such as a keypad, touch screen, microphone, etc.). Although not shown, the base station 304 and the network entity 306 can also include a user interface.

[0090]

[0100] Referring more specifically to one or more processors 384, in the downlink, IP packets from the network entity 306 can be provided to the processor 384. The one or more processors 384 can implement functions for the RRC layer, the packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer, the radio link control (RLC) layer, and the media access control (MAC) layer. The one or more processors 384 can perform RRC layer functions related to broadcasting of system information (e.g., master information block (MIB), system information block (SIB)), RRC connection control (e.g., RRC connection paging, RRC connection establishment, RRC connection modification, and RRC connection release), inter-RAT mobility, and measurement configuration for UE measurement reports, header compression / decompression, and security (encryption, decryption, integrity protection, integrity verification), and handover support functions; PDCP layer functions related to header compression / decompression, security (encryption, decryption, integrity protection, integrity verification), and handover support functions; RLC layer functions related to transfer of upper layer PDUs, error correction via automatic repeat request (ARQ), concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC service data units (SDUs), resegmentation of RLC data PDUs, and reordering of RLC data PDUs; and MAC layer functions related to mapping between logical channels and transport channels, scheduling information reporting, error correction, priority handling, and logical channel prioritization.

[0091]

[0101] The transmitter 354 and the receiver 352 may implement layer 1 (L1) functions related to various signal processing functions. Layer 1, including the physical (PHY) layer, may include error detection on the transport channel, forward error correction (FEC) coding / decoding of the transport channel, interleaving, rate matching, mapping onto the physical channel, modulation / demodulation of the physical channel, and MIMO antenna processing. The transmitter 354 handles mapping to signal constellations based on various modulation schemes (e.g., binary phase shift keying (BPSK), quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK), M-phase shift keying (M-PSK), multi-value quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM)). The coded and modulated symbols may then be split into parallel streams. Each stream is then mapped to orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) subcarriers to generate a physical channel carrying a time-domain OFDM symbol stream, multiplexed with a reference signal (e.g., a pilot) in the time and / or frequency domain, and then may be combined with each other using an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT). The OFDM symbol stream is spatially precoded to generate a plurality of spatial streams. Channel estimates from the channel estimator may be used to determine the coding and modulation scheme and for spatial processing. The channel estimates may be derived from reference signals transmitted by the UE 302 and / or channel state feedback. Each spatial stream may then be provided to one or more different antennas 356. The transmitter 354 may modulate an RF carrier with each spatial stream for transmission.

[0092]

[0102] In UE302, receiver 312 receives signals through its respective antenna(s) 316. Receiver 312 recovers the information modulated on the RF carrier and provides the information to one or more processors 332. Transmitter 314 and receiver 312 implement layer 1 functions related to various signal processing functions. Receiver 312 may perform spatial processing on the information to recover the spatial streams directed to UE302. If multiple spatial streams are directed to UE302, they may be combined by receiver 312 into a single OFDM symbol stream. Receiver 312 then uses a fast Fourier transform (FFT) to convert the OFDM symbol stream from the time domain to the frequency domain. The frequency domain signal comprises a separate OFDM symbol stream for each subcarrier of the OFDM signal. The symbols on each subcarrier and the reference signals are recovered and demodulated by determining the most likely signal constellation points transmitted by base station 304. These soft decisions may be based on the channel estimates calculated by the channel estimator. The soft decisions are then decoded and deinterleaved to recover the data and control signals initially transmitted by base station 304 on the physical channel. The data and control signals are then provided to one or more processors 332 that implement layer 3 (L3) and layer 2 (L2) functions.

[0093]

[0103] On the uplink, one or more processors 332 provide demultiplexing, packet reassembly, decoding, header recovery, and control signal processing between the transport channel and the logical channel to recover IP packets from the core network. One or more processors 332 are also responsible for error detection.

[0094]

[0104] Similar to the functions described for downlink transmission by the base station 304, one or more processors 332 perform RRC layer functions related to system information (e.g., MIB, SIB) acquisition, RRC connection, and measurement reporting, PDCP layer functions related to header compression / decompression and security (encryption, decryption, integrity protection, integrity verification), transfer of upper layer PDUs, error correction via ARQ, concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC SDUs, resegmentation of RLC data PDUs, reordering of RLC data PDUs, as well as RLC layer functions related to mapping between logical channels and transport channels, multiplexing of MAC SDUs onto transport blocks (TBs), demultiplexing of MAC SDUs from TBs, scheduling information reporting, error correction via hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ), priority handling, and logical channel prioritization.

[0095]

[0105] Channel estimates derived by a channel estimator from a reference signal or feedback transmitted by the base station 304 can be used by the transmitter 314 to select an appropriate coding and modulation scheme and to enable spatial processing. The spatial streams generated by the transmitter 314 can be provided to one or more different antennas 316. The transmitter 314 can modulate the RF carriers with the respective spatial streams for transmission.

[0096]

[0106] Uplink transmission is processed at the base station 304 in a manner similar to the manner described for the receiver function in the UE 302. The receiver 352 receives signals through its respective one or more antennas 356. The receiver 352 recovers the information modulated on the RF carriers and provides the information to one or more processors 384.

[0097]

[0107] On the uplink, one or more processors 384 provide demultiplexing in reverse between the transport channel and the logical channel, packet reassembly, decoding, header restoration, and control signal processing to restore IP packets from the UE 302. The IP packets from one or more processors 384 can be provided to the core network. One or more processors 384 are also responsible for error detection.

[0098]

[0108] For convenience, the UE 302, the base station 304, and / or the network entity 306 are shown in FIGS. 3A, 3B, and 3C as including various components that can be configured according to various examples described herein. However, it will be understood that the illustrated components can have different functions in different designs. In particular, the various components in FIGS. 3A-3C are optional in alternative configurations, and various aspects can include configurations that can vary depending on design choices, cost, device usage, or other considerations. For example, in the case of FIG. 3A, a particular implementation of the UE 302 can omit the (one or more) WWAN transceivers 310 (e.g., a wearable device or a tablet computer or a PC or a laptop can have Wi-Fi (registered trademark) and / or Bluetooth capabilities without cellular capabilities), or can omit the (one or more) short-range wireless transceivers 320 (e.g., cellular only), or can omit the satellite signal receiver 330, or can omit the (one or more) sensors 344, etc. In another example, in the case of FIG. 3B, a particular implementation of the base station 304 can omit the (one or more) WWAN transceivers 350 (e.g., a Wi-Fi "hotspot" access point without cellular capabilities), or can omit the (one or more) short-range wireless transceivers 360 (e.g., cellular only), or can omit the satellite receiver 370, etc. For the sake of brevity, descriptions of various alternative configurations are not provided herein, but will be readily understood by those skilled in the art.

[0099]

[0109] The various components of UE 302, base station 304, and network entity 306 can be communicatively coupled to each other via data buses 334, 382, and 392, respectively. In one aspect, data buses 334, 382, and 392 can form or be part of the communication interfaces of UE 302, base station 304, and network entity 306, respectively. For example, if different logical entities are implemented in the same device (e.g., gNB function and location server function incorporated in the same base station 304), data buses 334, 382, and 392 can provide communication between them.

[0100]

[0110] The components of FIGS. 3A, 3B, and 3C can be implemented in various ways. In some implementations, the components of FIGS. 3A, 3B, and 3C can be implemented in one or more circuits, such as, for example, one or more processors and / or one or more ASICs (which may include one or more processors). Here, each circuit uses at least one memory component for storing information or executable code used by the circuit to provide this functionality and / or may incorporate it. For example, some or all of the functionality represented by blocks 310 - 346 can be implemented by a processor of UE 302 and (one or more) memory components (e.g., by execution of appropriate code and / or by appropriate configuration of the processor components). Similarly, some or all of the functionality represented by blocks 350 - 388 can be implemented by a processor of base station 304 and (one or more) memory components (e.g., by execution of appropriate code and / or by appropriate configuration of the processor components). Also, some or all of the functionality represented by blocks 390 - 398 can be implemented by a processor of network entity 306 and (one or more) memory components (e.g., by execution of appropriate code and / or by appropriate configuration of the processor components). For simplicity, various operations, actions, and / or functions are described herein as being performed "by the UE", "by the base station", "by the network entity", etc. However, as will be understood, such operations, actions, and / or functions are actually performed by specific components or combinations of components of UE 302, base station 304, network entity 306, etc., such as processors 332, 384, 394, transceivers 310, 320, 350, and 360, memories 340, 386, and 396, positioning components 342, 388, and 398, etc.

[0101]

[0111] In some designs, network entity 306 can be implemented as a core network component. In other designs, network entity 306 can be separate from the network operator or operation of the cellular network infrastructure (e.g., NG RAN 220 and / or 5GC 210 / 260). For example, network entity 306 can be a component of a private network configured to communicate with UE 302 via base station 304 or independently of base station 304 (e.g., via a non-cellular communication link such as WiFi).

[0102]

[0112] NR supports several cellular network-based positioning techniques, including downlink-based positioning methods, uplink-based positioning methods, and downlink and uplink-based positioning methods. Downlink-based positioning methods include observed time difference of arrival (OTDOA) in LTE, downlink time difference of arrival (DL-TDOA) in NR, and downlink angle of departure (DL-AoD) in NR. In the positioning procedure of OTDOA or DL-TDOA, the UE measures the difference in arrival time (ToA) of reference signals (e.g., positioning reference signals (PRS)) received from a pair of base stations, which is called reference signal time difference (RSTD) or time difference of arrival (TDOA) measurement, and reports them to the positioning entity. More specifically, the UE receives the identifiers (IDs) of the reference base station (e.g., serving base station) and a plurality of non-reference base stations in the assistance data. The UE then measures the RSTD between each of the reference base station and the non-reference base stations. Based on the known locations of the involved base stations and the RSTD measurements, the positioning entity can estimate the location of the UE.

[0103]

[0113] In the case of DL-AoD positioning, the positioning entity uses beam reports from the UE of received signal strength measurements of multiple downlink transmission beams to determine the (one or more) angles between the UE and the (one or more) transmitting base stations. The positioning entity can then estimate the location of the UE based on the (one or more) determined angles and the (one or more) known locations of the (one or more) transmitting base stations.

[0104]

[0114] Uplink-based positioning methods include uplink time difference of arrival (UL-TDOA) and uplink angle of arrival (UL-AoA). UL-TDOA is similar to DL-TDOA but is based on uplink reference signals (e.g., sounding reference signals (SRS)) transmitted by the UE. In the case of UL-AoA positioning, one or more base stations measure the received signal strength of one or more uplink reference signals (e.g., SRS) received from the UE on one or more uplink reception beams. The positioning entity uses the signal strength measurements and the (one or more) angles of the (one or more) reception beams to determine the (one or more) angles between the UE and the (one or more) base stations. Based on the (one or more) determined angles and the (one or more) known locations of the (one or more) base stations, the positioning entity can then estimate the location of the UE.

[0105]

[0115] Downlink and uplink based positioning methods include Extended Cell ID (E-CID) positioning and multi-round trip time (RTT) positioning (also referred to as "multi-cell RTT"). In the RTT procedure, an initiator (base station or UE) transmits an RTT measurement signal (e.g., PRS or SRS) to a responder (UE or base station), and the responder returns an RTT response signal (e.g., SRS or PRS) to the initiator. The RTT response signal includes the difference between the ToA of the RTT measurement signal and the transmission time of the RTT response signal, which is called the receive-transmit (Rx-Tx) time difference. The initiator calculates the difference between the transmission time of the RTT measurement signal and the ToA of the RTT response signal, which is called the transmit-receive (Tx-Rx) time difference. The propagation time (also referred to as the "time of flight") between the initiator and the responder can be calculated from the Tx-Rx and Rx-Tx time differences. Based on the propagation time and the known speed of light, the distance between the initiator and the responder can be determined. In the case of multi-RTT positioning, the UE performs RTT procedures with multiple base stations to enable its location to be determined based on the known locations of the base stations (e.g., using multi-lateration). The RTT method and the multi-RTT method can be combined with other positioning techniques, such as UL-AoA and DL-AoD, to improve location accuracy.

[0106]

[0116] The E-CID positioning method is based on radio resource management (RRM) measurements. In E-CID, the UE reports the serving cell ID, timing advance (TA), and the identifiers, estimated timing, and signal strengths of the detected neighbor base stations. Then, based on this information and the known locations of the base station(s), the location of the UE is estimated.

[0107]

[0117] To assist the positioning operation, a location server (e.g., location server 230, LMF 270, SLP 272) may provide assistance data to the UE. For example, the assistance data may include identifiers of base stations (or cells / TRPs of base stations) from which reference signals should be measured, reference signal configuration parameters (e.g., the number of consecutive positioning subframes, the periodicity of positioning subframes, muting sequences, frequency hopping sequences, reference signal identifiers, reference signal bandwidths, etc.), and / or other parameters applicable to specific positioning methods. Alternatively, the assistance data may be transmitted directly from the base station itself (e.g., in an overhead message broadcast periodically). In some cases, the UE may be able to detect neighboring network nodes by itself without using the assistance data.

[0108]

[0118] In the case of the OTDOA or DL-TDOA positioning procedure, the assistance data may further include the expected RSTD value and related uncertainty, or a search window around the expected RSTD. In some cases, the value range of the expected RSTD may be + / - 500 microseconds (μs). In some cases, when any of the resources used for positioning measurements are in FR1, the value range of the uncertainty of the expected RSTD may be + / - 32 μs. In other cases, when all of the resources used for the (one or more) positioning measurements are in FR2, the value range of the uncertainty of the expected RSTD may be + / - 8 μs.

[0109]

[0119] Location estimates may be referred to by other names, such as position estimates, location, position, position fix, fix, etc. A location estimate may be geodesic and have coordinates (e.g., latitude, longitude, and possibly altitude), or it may be civic and have a street address, postal address, or some other verbal description of the location. A location estimate may further be defined relative to some other known location or in absolute terms (e.g., using latitude, longitude, and possibly altitude). A location estimate may include an expected error or uncertainty (e.g., by including an area or volume within which the location is expected to be included at some specified or default level of confidence).

[0110]

[0120] To support downlink and uplink transmissions between network nodes (e.g., base stations and UEs), various frame structures may be used. FIG. 4A is a diagram 400 showing an exemplary frame structure according to an aspect of the present disclosure. The frame structure may be a downlink or uplink frame structure. Other wireless communication technologies may have different frame structures and / or different channels.

[0111]

[0121] LTE, and in some cases NR, use OFDM on the downlink and single-carrier frequency-division multiplexing (SC-FDM) on the uplink. However, unlike LTE, NR has an option to use OFDM on the uplink as well. OFDM and SC-FDM divide the system bandwidth into multiple (K) orthogonal subcarriers, also commonly referred to as tones, bins, etc. Each subcarrier can be modulated with data. Generally, the modulated symbols are sent in the frequency domain in OFDM and in the time domain in SC-FDM. The spacing between adjacent subcarriers can be fixed, and the total number of subcarriers (K) can depend on the system bandwidth. For example, the subcarrier spacing can be 15 kilohertz (kHz), and the minimum resource allocation (resource block) can be 12 subcarriers (or 180 kHz). Thus, the nominal FFT size can be equal to 128, 256, 512, 1024, or 2048 for system bandwidths of 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, or 20 megahertz (MHz), respectively. The system bandwidth can also be divided into subbands. For example, a subband can cover 1.08 MHz (i.e., 6 resource blocks), and there can be 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16 subbands for system bandwidths of 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, or 20 MHz, respectively.

[0112]

[0122] LTE supports a single numerology (subcarrier spacing (SCS), symbol length, etc.). In contrast, NR can support multiple numerologies (μ), for example, subcarrier spacings of 15 kHz (μ = 0), 30 kHz (μ = 1), 60 kHz (μ = 2), 120 kHz (μ = 3), and 240 kHz (μ = 4) or larger may be available. At each subcarrier spacing, there are 14 symbols per slot. For 15 kHz SCS (μ = 0), there is 1 slot per subframe and 10 slots per frame, the slot duration is 1 millisecond (ms), the symbol duration is 66.7 microseconds (μs), and the maximum nominal system bandwidth in MHz with a 4K FFT size is 50. For 30 kHz SCS (μ = 1), there are 2 slots per subframe and 20 slots per frame, the slot duration is 0.5 ms, the symbol duration is 33.3 μs, and the maximum nominal system bandwidth in MHz with a 4K FFT size is 100. For 60 kHz SCS (μ = 2), there are 4 slots per subframe and 40 slots per frame, the slot duration is 0.25 ms, the symbol duration is 16.7 μs, and the maximum nominal system bandwidth in MHz with a 4K FFT size is 200. For 120 kHz SCS (μ = 3), there are 8 slots per subframe and 80 slots per frame, the slot duration is 0.125 ms, the symbol duration is 8.33 μs, and the maximum nominal system bandwidth in MHz with a 4K FFT size is 400. For 240 kHz SCS (μ = 4), there are 16 slots per subframe and 160 slots per frame, the slot duration is 0.0625 ms, the symbol duration is 4.17 μs, and the maximum nominal system bandwidth in MHz with a 4K FFT size is 800.

[0113]

[0123] In the example of FIG. 4A, a numerology of 15 kHz is used. Thus, in the time domain, a 10 ms frame is divided into 10 equal-sized sub-frames of 1 ms each, and each sub-frame contains one time slot. In FIG. 4A, time is represented horizontally (on the X-axis), time increases from left to right, frequency is represented vertically (on the Y-axis), and frequency increases (or decreases) from bottom to top.

[0114]

[0124] A resource grid may be used to represent time slots, and each time slot contains one or more time-parallel resource blocks (RBs) (also called physical RBs (PRBs)) in the frequency domain. The resource grid is further divided into a plurality of resource elements (REs). An RE may correspond to one symbol length in the time domain and one sub-carrier in the frequency domain. In the numerology of FIG. 4A, for the normal cyclic prefix case, an RB may contain 12 consecutive sub-carriers in the frequency domain for a total of 84 REs and may contain 7 consecutive symbols in the time domain. For the extended cyclic prefix case, an RB may contain 12 consecutive sub-carriers in the frequency domain for a total of 72 REs and may contain 6 consecutive symbols in the time domain. The number of bits carried by each RE depends on the modulation scheme.

[0115]

[0125] Some of the REs may carry a reference (pilot) signal (RS). The reference signal may include a positioning reference signal (PRS), a tracking reference signal (TRS), a phase tracking reference signal (PTRS), a cell-specific reference signal (CRS), a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS), a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), a primary synchronization signal (PSS), a secondary synchronization signal (SSS), a synchronization signal block (SSB), a sounding reference signal (SRS), etc., depending on whether the illustrated frame structure is used for uplink communication or downlink communication. FIG. 4A shows an exemplary location of the REs carrying the reference signal (labeled "R").

[0116]

[0126] The set of resource elements (REs) used for PRS transmission is called a "PRS resource". The set of resource elements can span multiple PRBs in the frequency domain and can span (one or more, etc.) "N" consecutive symbols within a slot in the time domain. In a given OFDM symbol in the time domain, the PRS resource occupies consecutive PRBs in the frequency domain.

[0117]

[0127] The transmission of the PRS resource within a given PRB has a specific (also called "comb density") comb size. The comb size "N" represents the subcarrier spacing (or frequency / tone spacing) within each symbol of the PRS resource configuration. Specifically, in the case of comb size "N", the PRS is transmitted in every Nth subcarrier of the symbol of the PRB. For example, in the case of comb 4, for each symbol of the PRS resource configuration, the REs corresponding to every 4th subcarrier (such as subcarriers 0, 4, 8, etc.) are used to transmit the PRS of the PRS resource. Currently, comb sizes of comb 2, comb 4, comb 6, and comb 12 are supported for DL-PRS. FIG. 4A shows an exemplary PRS resource configuration for comb 4 (spanning 4 symbols). That is, the location of the shaded REs (labeled "R") indicates the comb 4 PRS resource configuration.

[0118]

[0128] Currently, the DL-PRS resource can span two, four, six, or twelve consecutive symbols within a slot having a fully frequency-domain staggered pattern. The DL-PRS resource can be configured in any upper-layer configured downlink or flexible (FL) symbol of the slot. There can be a constant resource element unit energy (EPRE) for all REs of a given DL-PRS resource. The following are the frequency offsets between symbols for comb sizes 2, 4, 6, and 12 spanning two, four, six, and twelve symbols. Comb 2 of 2 symbols: {0,1}, Comb 2 of 4 symbols: {0,1,0,1}, Comb 2 of 6 symbols: {0,1,0,1,0,1}, Comb 2 of 12 symbols: {0,1,0,1,0,1,0,1,0,1,0,1,0,1}, Comb 4 of 4 symbols: {0,2,1,3} (as described in the example of FIG. 4A), Comb 4 of 12 symbols: {0,2,1,3,0,2,1,3,0,2,1,3}, Comb 6 of 6 symbols: {0,3,1,4,2,5}, Comb 6 of 12 symbols: {0,3,1,4,2,5,0,3,1,4,2,5}, and Comb 12 of 12 symbols: {0,6,3,9,1,7,4,10,2,8,5,11}.

[0119]

[0129] A "PRS resource set" is a set of PRS resources used for the transmission of PRS signals, where each PRS resource has a PRS resource ID. Further, the PRS resources in a PRS resource set are associated with the same TRP. The PRS resource set is identified by a PRS resource set ID and is associated with a specific TRP (identified by a TRP ID). Further, the PRS resources in a PRS resource set have the same periodicity, the same common muting pattern configuration, and the same repetition factor (such as "PRS-ResourceRepetitionFactor") across slots. The periodicity is the time from the first repetition of the first PRS resource of the first PRS instance to the first repetition of the same first PRS resource of the next PRS instance. The periodicity can have a length selected from 2^μ*{4,5,8,10,16,20,32,40,64,80,160,320,640,1280,2560,5120,10240} slots, where μ = 0, 1, 2, 3. The repetition factor can have a length selected from {1,2,4,6,8,16,32} slots.

[0120]

[0130] The PRS resource ID in a PRS resource set is associated with a single beam (or beam ID) transmitted from a single TRP (where the TRP can transmit one or more beams). That is, each PRS resource in a PRS resource set can be transmitted on a different beam, and thus, a "PRS resource" or simply a "resource" may be referred to as a "beam". It should be noted that this has no implication regarding whether the TRP and the beam on which the PRS is transmitted are known to the UE.

[0121]

[0131] A "PRS instance" or "PRS occasion" is one instance of a periodically repeating time window (such as a group of one or more consecutive slots) in which PRS is expected to be transmitted. A PRS occasion may also be referred to as a "PRS positioning occasion", "PRS positioning instance", "positioning occasion", "positioning instance", "positioning repetition", or simply "occasion", "instance", or "repetition".

[0122]

[0132] A "positioning frequency layer" (also simply referred to as "frequency layer") is a set of one or more PRS resource sets across one or more TRPs having the same values for several parameters. Specifically, the set of PRS resource sets has the same subcarrier spacing and cyclic prefix (CP) type (meaning that all numerologies supported for the physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) are also supported for PRS), the same point A, the same value of the downlink PRS bandwidth, the same starting PRB (and center frequency), and the same comb size. The point A parameter takes the value of the parameter "ARFCN-ValueNR" (where "ARFCN" represents "absolute radio frequency channel number") and is an identifier / code that specifies a pair of physical radio channels used for transmission and reception. The downlink PRS bandwidth may have a granularity of four PRBs, is at least 24 PRBs, and at most 272 PRBs. Currently, up to four frequency layers are defined, and up to two PRS resource sets can be configured per TRP per frequency layer.

[0123]

[0133] The concept of frequency layer seems somewhat similar to the concepts of component carrier and bandwidth part (BWP), but the difference is that component carrier and BWP are used by one base station (or macro cell base station and small cell base station) to transmit data channels, while frequency layer is used by several (usually three or more) base stations to transmit PRS. When the UE sends its positioning capability to the network, such as during an LTE positioning protocol (LPP) session, it can indicate the number of frequency layers it can support. For example, the UE can indicate whether it can support one or four positioning frequency layers.

[0124]

[0134] It should be noted that the terms "positioning reference signal" and "PRS" generally refer to the specific reference signals used for positioning in NR and LTE systems. However, the terms "positioning reference signal" and "PRS" as used in this specification may refer to any type of reference signal that can be used for positioning, including but not limited to PRS, TRS, PTRS, CRS, CSI-RS, DMRS, PSS, SSS, SSB, SRS, UL-PRS, etc., defined in LTE and NR. Further, the terms "positioning reference signal" and "PRS" may refer to downlink or uplink positioning reference signals, unless otherwise specified by the context. When it is necessary to further distinguish the types of PRS, the downlink positioning reference signal may be called "DL-PRS", and the uplink positioning reference signal (e.g., SRS for positioning, PTRS) may be called "UL-PRS". Further, for signals that can be transmitted in both uplink and downlink (e.g., DMRS, PTRS), the signals may be prefixed with "UL" or "DL" to distinguish the direction. For example, "UL-DMRS" can be distinguished from "DL-DMRS".

[0125]

[0135] Figure 4B is a diagram 450 showing various downlink channels within an exemplary downlink slot. In Figure 4B, time is represented horizontally (on the X-axis), with time increasing from left to right, and frequency is represented vertically (on the Y-axis), with frequency increasing (or decreasing) from bottom to top. In the example of Figure 4B, a numerology of 15 kHz is used. Thus, in the time domain, the illustrated slot has a length of 1 millisecond (ms) and is divided into 14 symbols.

[0126]

[0136] In NR, the channel bandwidth or system bandwidth is divided into multiple bandwidth parts (BWPs). A BWP is a contiguous set of resource blocks (RBs) selected from a contiguous subset of common RBs for a given numerology on a given carrier. Generally, up to four BWPs can be specified in both the downlink and uplink. That is, a UE can be configured with up to four BWPs on the downlink and up to four BWPs on the uplink. At any given time, only one BWP (either uplink or downlink) can be active, which means that the UE can receive or transmit on only one BWP at a time. On the downlink, the bandwidth of each BWP should be equal to or larger than the bandwidth of the SSB, which may or may not include the SSB.

[0127]

[0137] Referring to FIG. 4B, the primary synchronization signal (PSS) is used by the UE to determine subframe / symbol timing and physical layer identification information. The secondary synchronization signal (SSS) is used by the UE to determine the physical layer cell identification information group number and radio frame timing. Based on the physical layer identification information and the physical layer cell identification information group number, the UE can determine the PCI. Based on the PCI, the UE can determine the location of the above-mentioned DL-RS. The physical broadcast channel (PBCH) that carries the master information block (MIB) can be logically grouped using the PSS and SSS to form the SSB (also called SS / PBCH). The MIB provides the number of RBs in the downlink system bandwidth and the system frame number (SFN). The physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) carries user data, broadcast system information not transmitted through the PBCH such as the system information block (SIB), and paging messages.

[0128]

[0138] The physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) carries downlink control information (DCI) within one or more control channel elements (CCEs). Each CCE contains one or more resource element group (REG) bundles (which can span multiple symbols in the time domain). Each REG bundle contains one or more REGs. Each REG corresponds to 12 resource elements (one resource block) in the frequency domain and one OFDM symbol in the time domain. The set of physical resources used to carry the PDCCH / DCI is called the control resource set (CORESET) in NR. In NR, the PDCCH is limited to a single CORESET and is transmitted together with its own DMRS. This enables UE-specific beamforming for the PDCCH.

[0129]

[0139] In the example of FIG. 4B, there is one CORESET per BWP, and the CORESET spans three symbols in the time domain (however, it can be only one or two symbols). Different from the LTE control channel that occupies the entire system bandwidth, in NR, the PDCCH channel is localized in a specific region in the frequency domain (i.e., CORESET). Therefore, the frequency components of the PDCCH shown in FIG. 4B are shown to be smaller than a single BWP in the frequency domain. It should be noted that the illustrated CORESET is continuous in the frequency domain, but it does not have to be continuous. Furthermore, the CORESET can span less than three symbols in the time domain.

[0130]

[0140] Each DCI in the PDCCH carries information regarding uplink resource allocation (persistent and non-persistent), called uplink grant and downlink grant respectively, and an indication regarding the downlink data transmitted to the UE. More specifically, the DCI indicates the resources scheduled for the downlink data channel (e.g., PDSCH) and the uplink data channel (e.g., Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH)). Multiple (e.g., up to eight) DCIs can be configured in the PDCCH, and these DCIs can have one of multiple formats. For example, there are different DCI formats for uplink scheduling, for downlink scheduling, for uplink transmission power control (TPC), etc. The PDCCH can be transported by one, two, four, eight, or sixteen CCEs to adapt to different DCI payload sizes or coding rates.

[0131]

[0141] Figure 5 is a diagram of an exemplary PRS configuration 500 for PRS transmission of a given base station according to an aspect of the present disclosure. In Figure 5, time is represented in the horizontal direction and increases from left to right. Each long rectangle represents a slot, and each short (shaded) rectangle represents an OFDM symbol. In the example of Figure 5, a PRS resource set 510 (labeled "PRS resource set 1") includes two PRS resources, a first PRS resource 512 (labeled "PRS resource 1") and a second PRS resource 514 (labeled "PRS resource 2"). The base station transmits PRS on the PRS resources 512 and 514 of the PRS resource set 510.

[0132]

[0142] The PRS resource set 510 has an occasion length (N_PRS) of two slots and a periodicity (T_PRS), for example 160 slots or 160 milliseconds (ms) (for a 15 kHz subcarrier spacing). Thus, both PRS resources 512 and 514 are two consecutive slots in length and repeat every T_PRS slots starting from the slot in which the first symbol of each PRS resource occurs. In the example of Figure 5, the PRS resource 512 has a symbol length (N_symb) of two symbols, and the PRS resource 514 has a symbol length (N_symb) of four symbols. The PRS resource 512 and the PRS resource 514 can be transmitted on separate beams of the same base station.

[0133]

[0143] Each instance of the PRS resource set 510, shown as instances 520a, 520b, and 520c, includes an occasion of length "2" (i.e., N_PRS = 2) for each PRS resource 512, 514 of the PRS resource set. The PRS resources 512 and 514 are repeated every T_PRS slots up to a muting sequence periodicity T_REP. Thus, a bitmap of length T_REP will be required to indicate which occasions of the instances 520a, 520b, and 520c of the PRS resource set 510 are muted (i.e., not transmitted).

[0134]

[0144] In one aspect, there may be additional constraints regarding the PRS configuration 500. For example, for all PRS resources (e.g., PRS resources 512, 514) of a PRS resource set (e.g., PRS resource set 510), the base station can be configured such that the following parameters, namely, (a) occasion length (T_PRS), (b) number of symbols (N_symb), (c) comb type, and / or (d) bandwidth, are the same. Further, for all PRS resources of all PRS resource sets, the subcarrier spacing and the cyclic prefix can be configured to be the same for one base station or for all base stations. Whether it is for one base station or for all base stations may depend on the capabilities of the UE that support the first and / or second option.

[0135]

[0145] NR has only one type of measurement gap, which means that the same type of measurement gap should be used for both radio resource management (RRM) measurements (i.e., measurements required for RRM reporting) and PRS measurements. The measurement gap is a configured time period during which the serving cell refrains from transmitting data to the UE (the serving cell can still transmit reference signals) so that the UE can receive transmissions (e.g., downlink reference signals) from other cells. The transmissions from other cells may or may not be on the same frequency as the serving cell. In addition to downlink reception, the measurement gap can also be used for uplink transmissions, including uplink reference signals such as SRS.

[0136]

[0146] In NR, the serving cell configures the UE using periodic measurement gaps during which the UE is expected to perform RRM measurements. In contrast, the UE needs to request measurement gaps for PRS measurements. Whether to prioritize PRS measurements over RRM measurements depends on the UE implementation, but by default, RRM measurements have a higher priority and the UE may not be able to perform both simultaneously. If the UE decides to perform PRS measurements instead of RRM measurements, the currently configured RRM measurement gaps may be useless (e.g., it may not coincide with PRS transmissions). In that case, the UE needs to request that the existing measurement gaps be removed and request newly configured differently measurement gaps. Currently, this exchange is achieved through RRC signaling.

[0137]

[0147] FIG. 6 is a diagram 600 showing how the parameters of the measurement gap configuration specify the pattern of the measurement gap according to an aspect of the present disclosure. The measurement gap offset (MGO) is the offset of the start of the gap pattern from the start of a slot or subframe within the measurement gap repetition period (MGRP). Currently, there are approximately 160 offset values, but not all values are applicable to all periodicities. More specifically, the offset has values in the range from "0" to one less than MGRP. Thus, for example, if MGRP is 20 ms, the offset can range from "0" to "19".

[0138]

[0148] The measurement gap length (MGL) is the length of the measurement gap in milliseconds. The measurement gap length can have a value of 1.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 5.5, or 6 ms. MGRP defines the periodicity (in ms) with which the measurement gap repeats. The periodicity can have a value of 20, 40, 80, or 160 ms. Although not shown in FIG. 6, the measurement gap configuration may also include a measurement gap timing advance (MGTA) parameter. When configured, MGTA indicates the amount of time before the occurrence of the slot or subframe in which the measurement gap is configured to start. Currently, MGTA can be 0.25 ms for FR2 or 0.5 ms for FR1.

[0139]

[0149] There are various problems related to PRS measurements and RRM measurements sharing the same type of measurement gap. FIG. 7 is a diagram 700 of an exemplary scenario where a measurement gap configured for RRM measurement resources does not coincide with the PRS transmission to be measured and, thus, may not be used for PRS measurement. In the example of FIG. 7, time is represented horizontally, and the blocks labeled "RRM" and "PRS" indicate the location in time of the respective resources that can be used for the respective measurements. For example, in the case of PRS, the resource can be a RE that carries PRS, PRS resources, PRS resource sets, PRS occasions, etc.

[0140]

[0150] In the example of FIG. 7, a first measurement gap pattern 710 having parameters “MGO1”, “MGL1”, and “MGRP1” is configured for RRM measurement resources. Specifically, each RRM measurement resource falls within a measurement gap labeled “MGL1”. However, as shown, this measurement gap pattern is not suitable for measuring the configured PRS because it does not cover the location of exemplary PRS resources. Therefore, the UE needs to request a new measurement gap pattern 720 having parameters “MGO2”, “MGL2”, and “MGRP2”. In this pattern, each PRS transmission falls within a measurement gap labeled “MGL2”. The UE must request this new measurement gap pattern through the RRC reconfiguration protocol. However, sending such a request on the RRC requires time and resources and adds latency to the positioning procedure.

[0141]

[0151] Therefore, the present disclosure provides a technique for dynamically updating measurement gap configurations through lower layers. As a first solution described herein, the serving base station can use RRC signaling to configure the UE with multiple measurement gap patterns. The base station can then activate the appropriate pattern using lower layer signaling. In one aspect, each measurement gap pattern can be assigned one or more purposes. For example, a measurement gap pattern can be assigned purposes such as RRM, positioning, in-device coexistence (IDC). The lower layer signaling used to activate one of the patterns can be a MAC control element (MAC-CE) or DCI.

[0142]

[0152] The base station may allocate a default measurement gap configuration / pattern either during or after the initial RRC configuration of the measurement gap configuration / pattern, or by lower layer signaling. The UE will then follow the default measurement gap pattern until it is instructed otherwise. During operation, if the UE receives an activation message in slot n, the UE is expected to start applying the measurement gap pattern in slot n+k, where k can be much smaller than when RRC reconfiguration is used. The measurement gap pattern can be active for a configured duration (specified, for example, by RRC signaling, default, applicable standards, etc.), after which the UE returns to the default measurement gap configuration or is configured with a new measurement gap pattern.

[0143]

[0153] In one aspect, one of the measurement gap patterns can be a null pattern. This will allow for selection among a pre-configured set of patterns but will not allow for the flexibility of adding new patterns.

[0144]

[0154] As a second solution described herein, the base station may send a MAC-CE message that can update the configured measurement gap pattern (i.e., change the parameters of the measurement gap pattern). The measurement gap pattern may be the currently configured measurement gap pattern, which may be configured for the UE using RRC as currently done, or may be activated by lower layer signaling as in the case of the first solution described herein. Such an update message may identify one or more parameters to be updated and the new values of the one or more parameters. For example, the message may identify and include new values for MGL parameter, MGO parameter, MGRP parameter, etc. Using the first solution described herein, if the UE is configured with a measurement gap pattern and the measurement gap pattern is not the currently configured measurement gap pattern, the message may further include a pattern index that identifies the measurement gap pattern to be updated.

[0145]

[0155] The first two solutions described above assume cooperation between the base station and the location server. More specifically, the location server (e.g., location server 230, LMF 270, SLP 272) configures the UE with PRS resources that the UE is expected to measure during a positioning session. In contrast, the serving base station typically schedules measurement gaps (i.e., the UE requests the necessary measurement gap pattern) to enable the UE to measure those PRS resources, in response to the UE's request. Thus, for the base station to configure the UE with a measurement gap pattern that can be used for positioning, the base station needs to know the location of the PRS resources configured for the UE to measure. This type of cooperation may occur, for example, when the location server is collocated with the base station.

[0146]

[0156] As a third solution described in this specification, regardless of whether it is by RRC signaling as currently done or by lower layer signaling as in the case of the first solution described in this specification, the UE configured with a measurement gap pattern can have the base station request / recommend configuring the UE with a different measurement gap pattern. Alternatively, the UE may request a change to some of the measurement gap parameters rather than an entirely new measurement gap pattern. However, instead of sending such a request via RRC signaling, the UE can send a MAC-CE message requesting a new measurement gap configuration or a change to the current measurement gap pattern. The MAC-CE message includes the parameters and their new values that the UE desires to be configured with.

[0147]

[0157] Accordingly, the base station can indicate whether it can fully comply with the UE's request or only partially comply. If the base station can only partially comply, the response may include all the parameters of the final measurement gap configuration or only parameters different from the UE's requested parameters. The base station can send a response via MAC-CE or DCI depending on the length of the response (e.g., whether it is a single bit indicating full compliance or a list of parameters different from the UE's requested parameters).

[0148]

[0158] It should be understood that the three solutions described above can be used together and in different combinations. For example, the serving base station can configure the UE with multiple measurement gap patterns via RRC signaling as in the case of the first solution, and activate one of them via lower layer signaling (e.g., MAC-CE, DCI). The base station can then update the activated measurement gap pattern via a MAC-CE message, as in the case of the second solution, for example, with an updated PRS configuration provided by a location server. The UE can also request an update to the current measurement gap configuration via lower layer signaling, as in the case of the third solution.

[0149]

[0159] Another problem regarding sharing the same type of measurement gap between PRS measurements and RRM measurements is that the configured measurement gap pattern may not cover all the PRS occasions that the UE is expected to measure. Specifically, as described above, positioning assistance data including the (one or more) PRS configurations that the UE is expected to measure is provided by a location server (e.g., location server 230, LMF 270, SLP 272). After receiving the assistance data, the UE sends a request for a measurement gap to the serving base station based on the PRS occasions that the UE is expected to measure. The base station can then configure a measurement gap pattern for the UE using at least the set of parameters MGO, MGL, and MGRP. (Note that all possible combinations of these three parameters are defined in the applicable specifications.)

[0160] The UE can request a measurement gap for each PRS occasion that the UE is expected to measure. However, there will be times when the configured measurement gap pattern does not cover all the configured PRS occasions. This may be due to a lack of coordination between the location server (which is in the current operating mode) and the base station, or due to the PRS transmission pattern. For example, the PRS pattern may be too dense for the base station to configure a measurement gap for every PRS occasion.

[0150]

[0161] FIG. 8 is a diagram 800 of an exemplary scenario where the configured measurement gap pattern does not cover all the configured PRS occasions. In the example of FIG. 8, time is represented horizontally, and the blocks labeled "PRS1", "PRS2", "PRS3", and "PRS4" represent the locations at the times of four PRS transmissions. The PRS transmissions can be REs that carry PRS, PRS resources, PRS resource sets, PRS occasions, etc. The PRS transmissions can be transmitted by the same or different base stations.

[0151]

[0162] Assuming a measurement gap pattern 810 having parameters "MGO", "MGL", and "MGRP" as shown in FIG. 8, only the PRS transmissions labeled "PRS1" and "PRS3" fall within the measurement gap (labeled "MGL"). Therefore, the UE can decode the PRS transmissions labeled "PRS1" and "PRS3". The UE will not be able to decode the PRS transmissions labeled "PRS2" and "PRS4", which means these PRS transmissions are not utilized. As described above, the base station may not be able to schedule a measurement gap for each PRS occasion because the PRS pattern for the UE (i.e., all PRS occasions from which PRS for the UE should be measured) is too dense. Alternatively, there may be too many UEs being positioned simultaneously, resulting in a large number of PRS occasions being scheduled. However, this type of situation is less likely to occur for the on-demand PRS scenario where resources are transmitted for only one or a small subset of the UEs.

[0152]

[0163] To address these issues, the present disclosure provides a technique by which a UE or a base station can report a measurement gap configuration to a location server when the configured measurement gap pattern does not cover all of the PRS transmissions scheduled for the UE. Accordingly, the location server can determine whether additional steps should be taken, particularly for on-demand PRS transmissions. For example, the location server can instruct the transmitting base station to mute or cancel PRS occasions that fall outside the configured measurement gap. Alternatively, the location server can modify the PRS configuration to better fit the configured measurement gap pattern.

[0153]

[0164] Figure 9 is a diagram 900 of an exemplary scenario where PRS transmissions outside the configured measurement gap pattern are muted or modified. In the example of Figure 9, time is represented horizontally, and the blocks labeled "PRS1", "PRS2", "PRS3", and "PRS4" represent the locations at the times of four PRS transmissions. The PRS transmissions can be the REs that carry PRS, PRS resources, PRS resource sets, PRS occasions, etc. The PRS transmissions can be transmitted by the same or different base stations.

[0154]

[0165] In the example of Figure 9, the measurement gap pattern is fixed and has a measurement gap labeled "MGL". In the first scenario 910, like the example shown in Figure 8, only the PRS transmissions labeled "PRS1" and "PRS3" fall within the measurement gap, and the UE cannot measure the PRS transmissions labeled "PRS2" and "PRS4". The UE or the serving base station can report this situation to the location server. If it is the UE, the UE can send a report via LTE positioning protocol (LPP) signaling, and if it is the base station, the base station can send a report via LPP type A (LPPa) signaling or NR positioning protocol type A (NRPPa) signaling.

[0155]

[0166] Accordingly, the location server can modify the PRS configuration so that the PRS transmissions labeled "PRS2" and "PRS4" are not configured to be transmitted by their respective base stations, as shown in scenario 920. Alternatively, the location server can instruct the involved base station(s) to mute the PRS transmissions labeled "PRS2" and "PRS4", as shown in scenario 930.

[0156]

[0167] Figure 10 shows an exemplary method 1000 of wireless communication according to an aspect of the present disclosure. In one aspect, method 1000 can be implemented by a UE (e.g., any of the UEs described herein).

[0157]

[0168] At 1010, the UE receives, from a serving base station (e.g., any of the base stations described herein), a plurality of measurement gap configurations via upper layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling). In one aspect, operation 1010 may be performed by one or more WWAN transceivers 310, one or more processors 332, memory 340, and / or positioning component 342, any or all of which may be regarded as means for performing this operation.

[0158]

[0169] At 1020, the UE receives, from the serving base station, activation of a first measurement gap configuration among the plurality of measurement gap configurations via lower layer signaling (e.g., MAC-CE or DCI signaling). In one aspect, operation 1020 may be performed by one or more WWAN transceivers 310, one or more processors 332, memory 340, and / or positioning component 342, any or all of which may be regarded as means for performing this operation.

[0159]

[0170] At 1030, the UE performs one or more measurements of one or more non-serving base stations during a measurement gap specified by the first measurement gap configuration. In one aspect, operation 1030 may be performed by one or more WWAN transceivers 310, one or more processors 332, memory 340, and / or positioning component 342, any or all of which may be regarded as means for performing this operation.

[0160]

[0171] FIG. 11 shows an exemplary method 1100 of wireless communication according to an aspect of the present disclosure. In one aspect, method 1100 may be performed by a serving base station (BS) (e.g., any of the base stations described herein).

[0161]

[0172] At 1110, the base station transmits a plurality of measurement gap configurations to a UE (e.g., any of the UEs described herein) via upper layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling). In one aspect, operation 1110 may be performed by one or more WWAN transceivers 350, one or more processors 384, memory 386, and / or positioning component 388, any or all of which may be regarded as means for performing this operation.

[0162]

[0173] At 1120, the base station transmits activation of a first measurement gap configuration among the plurality of measurement gap configurations to the UE via lower layer signaling (e.g., MAC-CE or DCI signaling). In one aspect, operation 1120 may be performed by one or more WWAN transceivers 350, one or more processors 384, memory 386, and / or positioning component 388, any or all of which may be regarded as means for performing this operation.

[0163]

[0174] At 1130, the base station refrains from transmitting data to the UE during the measurement gap specified by the first measurement gap configuration. In one aspect, operation 1130 may be performed by one or more WWAN transceivers 350, one or more processors 384, memory 386, and / or positioning component 388, any or all of which may be regarded as means for performing this operation.

[0164]

[0175] FIG. 12 shows an exemplary method 1200 of wireless communication according to an aspect of the present disclosure. In one aspect, method 1200 may be performed by a UE (e.g., any of the UEs described herein).

[0165]

[0176] At 1210, the UE receives a measurement gap configuration from a serving base station (e.g., any of the base stations described herein) via upper layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling). In one aspect, operation 1210 may be performed by one or more WWAN transceivers 310, one or more processors 332, memory 340, and / or positioning component 342, any or all of which may be regarded as means for performing this operation.

[0166]

[0177] At 1220, the UE receives a message from the serving base station via lower layer signaling (e.g., MAC-CE or DCI signaling) to modify the measurement gap configuration, where the message specifies new values for one or more parameters of the measurement gap configuration. In one aspect, operation 1220 may be performed by one or more WWAN transceivers 310, one or more processors 332, memory 340, and / or positioning component 342, any or all of which may be regarded as means for performing this operation.

[0167]

[0178] At 1230, the UE performs one or more measurements of one or more non-serving base stations during the measurement gap specified by the modified measurement gap configuration. In one aspect, operation 1230 may be performed by one or more WWAN transceivers 310, one or more processors 332, memory 340, and / or positioning component 342, any or all of which may be regarded as means for performing this operation.

[0168]

[0179] FIG. 13 shows an exemplary method 1300 of wireless communication according to an aspect of the present disclosure. In one aspect, method 1300 may be performed by a serving base station (BS) (e.g., any of the base stations described herein).

[0169]

[0180] At 1310, the base station transmits a measurement gap configuration to a UE (e.g., any of the UEs described herein) via upper layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling). In one aspect, operation 1310 may be performed by one or more WWAN transceivers 350, one or more processors 384, memory 386, and / or positioning component 388, any or all of which may be regarded as means for performing this operation.

[0170]

[0181] At 1320, the base station transmits a message to the UE via lower layer signaling (e.g., MAC-CE or DCI signaling) to modify the measurement gap configuration, where the message specifies new values for one or more parameters of the measurement gap configuration. In one aspect, operation 1320 may be performed by one or more WWAN transceivers 350, one or more processors 384, memory 386, and / or positioning component 388, any or all of which may be regarded as means for performing this operation.

[0171]

[0182] At 1330, the base station refrains from transmitting data to the UE during the measurement gap specified by the modified measurement gap configuration. In one aspect, operation 1330 may be performed by one or more WWAN transceivers 350, one or more processors 384, memory 386, and / or positioning component 388, any or all of which may be regarded as means for performing this operation.

[0172]

[0183] FIG. 14 shows an exemplary method 1400 of wireless communication according to an aspect of the present disclosure. In one aspect, method 1400 may be performed by a UE (e.g., any of the UEs described herein).

[0173]

[0184] At 1410, the UE receives a measurement gap configuration from a serving base station (e.g., any of the base stations described herein) via upper layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling). In one aspect, operation 1410 may be performed by one or more WWAN transceivers 310, one or more processors 332, memory 340, and / or positioning component 342, any or all of which may be regarded as means for performing this operation.

[0174]

[0185] At 1420, the UE transmits a message to the serving base station via lower layer signaling (e.g., MAC-CE or DCI signaling) requesting one or more updates to the measurement gap configuration, where the message specifies new values for one or more parameters of the measurement gap configuration. In one aspect, operation 1420 may be performed by one or more WWAN transceivers 310, one or more processors 332, memory 340, and / or positioning component 342, any or all of which may be regarded as means for performing this operation.

[0175]

[0186] At 1430, the UE performs one or more measurements of one or more non-serving base stations during a specified measurement gap according to the measurement gap configuration or an updated measurement gap configuration based on a message requesting one or more updates to the measurement gap configuration. In one aspect, operation 1430 may be performed by one or more WWAN transceivers 310, one or more processors 332, memory 340, and / or positioning component 342, any or all of which may be regarded as means for performing this operation.

[0176]

[0187] FIG. 15 shows an exemplary method 1500 of wireless communication according to an aspect of the present disclosure. In one aspect, method 1500 may be performed by a serving base station (BS) (e.g., any of the base stations described herein).

[0177]

[0188] At 1510, the base station transmits a measurement gap configuration to a UE (e.g., any of the UEs described herein) via upper layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling). In one aspect, operation 1510 may be performed by one or more WWAN transceivers 350, one or more processors 384, memory 386, and / or positioning component 388, any or all of which may be regarded as means for performing this operation.

[0178]

[0189] At 1520, the base station receives from the UE a message requesting one or more updates to the measurement gap configuration via lower layer signaling (e.g., MAC-CE or DCI signaling), where the message specifies new values for one or more parameters of the measurement gap configuration. In one aspect, operation 1520 may be performed by one or more WWAN transceivers 350, one or more processors 384, memory 386, and / or positioning component 388, any or all of which may be regarded as means for performing this operation.

[0179]

[0190] At 1530, the base station refrains from transmitting to the UE during the specified measurement gap according to the measurement gap configuration or an updated measurement gap configuration based on new values of one or more parameters of the measurement gap configuration. In one aspect, operation 1530 may be performed by one or more WWAN transceivers 350, one or more processors 384, memory 386, and / or positioning component 388, any or all of which may be regarded as means for performing this operation.

[0180]

[0191] FIG. 16 shows an exemplary method 1600 of wireless communication according to an aspect of the present disclosure. In one aspect, method 1600 may be performed by a UE (e.g., any of the UEs described herein).

[0181]

[0192] At 1610, the UE receives a PRS configuration from a location server (e.g., location server 230, LMF 270, SLP 272) that specifies a plurality of PRS transmissions scheduled to be transmitted by a plurality of base stations. In one aspect, operation 1610 may be performed by one or more WWAN transceivers 310, one or more processors 332, memory 340, and / or positioning component 342, any or all of which may be regarded as means for performing this operation.

[0182]

[0193] At 1620, the UE transmits a request to a serving base station (e.g., any of the base stations described herein) for being configured with a measurement gap, the request specifying a location in time and / or frequency of a plurality of PRS transmissions. In one aspect, operation 1620 may be performed by one or more WWAN transceivers 310, one or more processors 332, memory 340, and / or positioning component 342, any or all of which may be regarded as means for performing this operation.

[0183]

[0194] At 1630, the UE receives a measurement gap configuration from the serving base station. In one aspect, operation 1630 may be performed by one or more WWAN transceivers 310, one or more processors 332, memory 340, and / or positioning component 342, any or all of which may be regarded as means for performing this operation.

[0184]

[0195] At 1640, the UE transmits the measurement gap configuration to the location server based on at least one of the plurality of PRS transmissions not matching the measurement gap specified by the measurement gap configuration. In one aspect, operation 1640 may be performed by one or more WWAN transceivers 310, one or more processors 332, memory 340, and / or positioning component 342, any or all of which may be regarded as means for performing this operation.

[0185]

[0196] Figure 17 shows an exemplary method 1700 of communication according to an aspect of the present disclosure. In one aspect, method 1700 may be performed by a location server (LS) (e.g., location server 230, LMF 270, SLP 272).

[0186]

[0197] At 1710, the location server transmits to a UE (e.g., any of the UEs described herein) a PRS configuration that specifies a plurality of PRS transmissions scheduled to be transmitted by a plurality of base stations. In one aspect, operation 1710 may be performed by one or more network transceivers 390, one or more processors 394, memory 396, and / or positioning component 398, any or all of which may be regarded as means for performing this operation.

[0187]

[0198] At 1720, the location server receives a measurement gap configuration for the UE. In one aspect, operation 1720 may be performed by one or more network transceivers 390, one or more processors 394, memory 396, and / or positioning component 398, any or all of which may be regarded as means for performing this operation.

[0188]

[0199] At 1730, the location server updates the PRS configuration in response to receiving the measurement gap configuration. In one aspect, operation 1730 may be performed by one or more network transceivers 390, one or more processors 394, memory 396, and / or positioning component 398, any or all of which may be regarded as means for performing this operation.

[0189]

[0200] As will be appreciated, the technical advantage of methods 1000 to 1700 is the dynamic configuration of the measurement gap, thereby reducing the power consumption in the UE by optimizing when the measurement gap is allocated.

[0190]

[0201] In the above detailed description, it can be seen that different features are grouped as examples. This mode of disclosure should not be understood as an intention that the exemplary clauses have more features than those explicitly stated in each clause. Rather, various aspects of the present disclosure may include fewer than all the features of the individual exemplary clauses disclosed. Accordingly, the following clauses should be considered to be incorporated herein, and each clause can exist as a separate example by itself. Each dependent clause can refer to a specific combination with one of the other clauses in the clause, but the (one or more) aspects of the dependent clause are not limited to the specific combination. It will be understood that other exemplary clauses can also include combinations of (one or more) dependent clause aspects with the subject matter of any other dependent or independent clause, or combinations of any features with other dependent and independent clauses. The various aspects disclosed herein clearly include these combinations only if it is explicitly stated or cannot be easily inferred that a particular combination (such as defining an element as both an insulator and a conductor, etc., conflicting aspects) is not intended. Further, it is also intended that aspects of a clause can be included in any other independent clause even if the clause is not directly dependent on that independent clause.

[0191]

[0202] Implementation examples are described in the following numbered clauses.

[0192]

[0203] Clause 1. A method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE), the method comprising: receiving, from a serving base station via upper layer signaling, a plurality of measurement gap configurations; receiving, from the serving base station via lower layer signaling, activation of a first measurement gap configuration among the plurality of measurement gap configurations; and performing one or more measurements of one or more non-serving base stations during a measurement gap specified by the first measurement gap configuration.

[0193]

[0204] Clause 2. The method according to clause 1, wherein the UE operates according to a default measurement gap configuration before receiving activation of the first measurement gap configuration.

[0194]

[0205] Clause 3. The method according to clause 2, further comprising receiving, from the serving base station, identification information of the default measurement gap configuration.

[0195]

[0206] Clause 4. The method according to clause 3, wherein the UE receives the identification information of the default measurement gap configuration from the serving base station via upper layer signaling.

[0196]

[0207] Clause 5. The method according to clause 3, wherein the UE receives the identification information of the default measurement gap configuration from the serving base station via lower layer signaling.

[0197]

[0208] Clause 6. The method according to any one of clauses 2 to 5, wherein the UE switches back to the default measurement gap configuration after performing one or more measurements.

[0198]

[0209] Clause 7. The method according to any one of clauses 2 to 6, wherein the UE switches back to the default measurement gap configuration after a specified period of time after switching to the first measurement gap configuration.

[0199]

[0210] Method according to any one of clauses 1 to 7, wherein one of the plurality of measurement gap configurations comprises a null measurement gap pattern.

[0200]

[0211] Method according to any one of clauses 1 to 8, wherein the upper layer signaling comprises radio resource control (RRC) signaling, and the lower layer signaling comprises medium access control control element (MAC-CE) or downlink control information (DCI) signaling.

[0201]

[0212] Method according to any one of clauses 1 to 9, wherein one or more measurements comprise one or more positioning related measurements, one or more radio resource management (RRM) measurements, or one or more in-device coexistence (IDC) measurements.

[0202]

[0213] A method of wireless communication performed by a base station, comprising: transmitting a plurality of measurement gap configurations to a user equipment (UE) via upper layer signaling; transmitting activation of a first measurement gap configuration among the plurality of measurement gap configurations to the UE via lower layer signaling; and refraining from transmitting to the UE during a measurement gap specified by the first measurement gap configuration.

[0203]

[0214] The method according to clause 11, further comprising transmitting identification information of a default measurement gap configuration to the UE.

[0204]

[0215] The method according to clause 12, wherein the base station transmits identification information of a default measurement gap configuration to the UE via upper layer signaling.

[0205]

[0216] The method according to clause 12, wherein the base station transmits identification information of the default measurement gap configuration to the UE via lower layer signaling.

[0206]

[0217] The method according to any one of clauses 11 to 14, wherein one of the plurality of measurement gap configurations comprises a null measurement gap pattern.

[0207]

[0218] The method according to any one of clauses 11 to 15, wherein the upper layer signaling comprises radio resource control (RRC) signaling, and the lower layer signaling comprises media access control control element (MAC-CE) or downlink control information (DCI) signaling.

[0208]

[0219] The method according to any one of clauses 11 to 16, further comprising receiving, from the UE, a report comprising one or more measurements of one or more non-serving base stations performed by the UE during a measurement gap specified by the first measurement gap configuration.

[0209]

[0220] A method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE), comprising receiving a measurement gap configuration from a serving base station via upper layer signaling, receiving, from the serving base station via lower layer signaling, a message for modifying the measurement gap configuration, wherein the message specifies new values of one or more parameters of the measurement gap configuration, and performing one or more measurements of one or more non-serving base stations during a measurement gap specified by the modified measurement gap configuration.

[0210]

[0221] Clause 19. The method according to clause 18, further comprising receiving, from a serving base station via upper layer signaling, a plurality of measurement gap configurations, and receiving activation of a measurement gap configuration from the serving base station via lower layer signaling before receiving a message for modifying the measurement gap configuration, wherein the plurality of measurement gap configurations include the measurement gap configuration.

[0211]

[0222] Clause 20. The method according to clause 19, wherein the message includes identification information of a measurement gap configuration from among the plurality of measurement gap configurations.

[0212]

[0223] Clause 21. The method according to any one of clauses 18 to 20, wherein the one or more parameters include a measurement gap length, a measurement gap offset, a measurement gap repetition period, a measurement gap timing advance, or any combination thereof.

[0213]

[0224] Clause 22. The method according to any one of clauses 18 to 21, wherein the upper layer signaling comprises radio resource control (RRC) signaling, and the lower layer signaling comprises medium access control control element (MAC-CE) or downlink control information (DCI) signaling.

[0214]

[0225] Clause 23. The method according to any one of clauses 18 to 22, wherein the one or more measurements include one or more positioning related measurements, one or more radio resource management (RRM) measurements, or one or more in-device coexistence (IDC) measurements.

[0215]

[0226] Clause 24. A method of wireless communication performed by a base station, comprising: transmitting a measurement gap configuration to a user equipment (UE) via upper layer signaling; transmitting a message to the UE via lower layer signaling to modify the measurement gap configuration, where the message specifies new values for one or more parameters of the measurement gap configuration, and refraining from transmitting to the UE during a measurement gap specified by the modified measurement gap configuration.

[0216]

[0227] Clause 25. The method according to clause 24, further comprising: transmitting a plurality of measurement gap configurations to the UE via upper layer signaling; and transmitting activation of a measurement gap configuration to the UE via lower layer signaling, including the measurement gap configuration, before receiving a message to modify the measurement gap configuration for the plurality of measurement gap configurations.

[0217]

[0228] Clause 26. The method according to clause 25, wherein the message includes identification information of a measurement gap configuration from among the plurality of measurement gap configurations.

[0218]

[0229] Clause 27. The method according to any one of clauses 24 to 26, wherein the one or more parameters comprise a measurement gap length, a measurement gap offset, a measurement gap repetition period, a measurement gap timing advance, or any combination thereof.

[0219]

[0230] Clause 28. The method according to any one of clauses 24 to 27, wherein the upper layer signaling comprises radio resource control (RRC) signaling, and the lower layer signaling comprises medium access control control element (MAC-CE) or downlink control information (DCI) signaling.

[0220]

[0231] The method according to any one of clauses 24 to 28, further comprising receiving, from the UE, a report comprising one or more measurements of one or more non-serving base stations performed by the UE during a measurement gap specified by the modified measurement gap configuration.

[0221]

[0232] A method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE), comprising receiving, from a serving base station, a measurement gap configuration via upper layer signaling; transmitting, to the serving base station via lower layer signaling, a message requesting one or more updates to the measurement gap configuration, wherein the message specifies new values for one or more parameters of the measurement gap configuration; receiving, from the serving base station via lower layer signaling, a message indicating an updated configuration of the measurement gap configuration; and performing one or more measurements of one or more non-serving base stations during a measurement gap specified by the updated measurement gap configuration.

[0222]

[0233] The method according to clause 30, wherein the message includes an indication that the base station has adopted new values for one or more parameters, and the updated configuration comprises the new values for one or more parameters.

[0223]

[0234] The method according to any one of clauses 30 to 31, wherein the updated configuration comprises values for one or more parameters, at least one of which is different from the new values for one or more parameters.

[0224]

[0235] The method according to any one of clauses 30 to 32, further comprising receiving, from the serving base station via upper layer signaling, a plurality of measurement gap configurations, and receiving, from the serving base station via lower layer signaling, activation of a measurement gap configuration, wherein the plurality of measurement gap configurations includes the measurement gap configuration.

[0225]

[0236] Clause 34. The method according to clause 33, wherein the message includes identification information of a measurement gap configuration from among a plurality of measurement gap configurations.

[0226]

[0237] Clause 35. The method according to any one of clauses 30 to 34, wherein one or more parameters comprise a measurement gap length, a measurement gap offset, a measurement gap repetition period, a measurement gap timing advance, or any combination thereof.

[0227]

[0238] Clause 36. The method according to any one of clauses 30 to 35, wherein the upper layer signaling comprises radio resource control (RRC) signaling, and the lower layer signaling comprises medium access control control element (MAC-CE) or downlink control information (DCI) signaling.

[0228]

[0239] Clause 37. The method according to any one of clauses 30 to 36, wherein one or more measurements comprise one or more positioning-related measurements, one or more radio resource management (RRM) measurements, or one or more in-device coexistence (IDC) measurements.

[0229]

[0240] Clause 38. A method of wireless communication performed by a base station, the method comprising: transmitting a measurement gap configuration to a user equipment (UE) via upper layer signaling; receiving, from the UE via lower layer signaling, a message requesting one or more updates to the measurement gap configuration, wherein the message specifies new values for one or more parameters of the measurement gap configuration; transmitting, to the UE via lower layer signaling, a message instructing an updated configuration of the measurement gap configuration; and refraining from transmitting to the UE during a measurement gap specified by the updated measurement gap configuration.

[0230]

[0241] Clause 39. The method according to clause 38, wherein the message includes an instruction that the base station has adopted new values of one or more parameters, and the updated configuration comprises the new values of one or more parameters.

[0231]

[0242] Clause 40. The method according to any one of clauses 38 to 39, wherein the updated configuration comprises values of one or more parameters, at least one of which is different from the new values of the one or more parameters.

[0232]

[0243] Clause 41. The method according to any one of clauses 38 to 40, further comprising transmitting a plurality of measurement gap configurations to the UE via upper layer signaling, and transmitting activation of the measurement gap configuration to the UE via lower layer signaling, wherein the plurality of measurement gap configurations includes the measurement gap configuration.

[0233]

[0244] Clause 42. The method according to clause 41, wherein the message includes identification information of the measurement gap configuration from among the plurality of measurement gap configurations.

[0234]

[0245] Clause 43. The method according to any one of clauses 38 to 42, wherein the one or more parameters comprise a measurement gap length, a measurement gap offset, a measurement gap repetition period, a measurement gap timing advance, or any combination thereof.

[0235]

[0246] Clause 44. The method according to any one of clauses 38 to 43, wherein the upper layer signaling comprises radio resource control (RRC) signaling, and the lower layer signaling comprises medium access control control element (MAC-CE) or downlink control information (DCI) signaling.

[0236]

[0247] The method according to any one of clauses 38 to 44, further comprising receiving, from a UE, a report comprising one or more measurements of one or more non-serving base stations performed by the UE during a measurement gap specified by an updated measurement gap configuration.

[0237]

[0248] A method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE), the method comprising: receiving, from a location server, a PRS configuration specifying a plurality of positioning reference signal (PRS) transmissions scheduled to be transmitted by a plurality of base stations; transmitting, to a serving base station, a request for a measurement gap configuration; receiving, from the serving base station, the measurement gap configuration, wherein the request specifies a location in time and / or frequency of the plurality of PRS transmissions; determining that at least one of the plurality of PRS transmissions does not coincide with a measurement gap specified by the measurement gap configuration; and transmitting, to the location server, the measurement gap configuration.

[0238]

[0249] A method of wireless communication performed by a location server, the method comprising: transmitting, to a user equipment (UE), a PRS configuration specifying a plurality of positioning reference signal (PRS) transmissions scheduled to be transmitted by a plurality of base stations; receiving a measurement gap configuration for the UE; and updating the PRS configuration in response to receiving the measurement gap configuration.

[0239]

[0250] The method according to clause 47, wherein updating comprises instructing at least one base station of the plurality of base stations to mute at least one PRS transmission of the plurality of PRS transmissions that does not coincide with a measurement gap specified by the measurement gap configuration.

[0240]

[0251] Clause 49. The method according to any one of Clauses 47 to 48, comprising updating to instruct at least one base station among a plurality of base stations to adjust the transmission time of at least one PRS transmission among a plurality of PRS transmissions to coincide with a measurement gap specified by a measurement gap configuration.

[0241]

[0252] Clause 50. The method according to any one of Clauses 47 to 49, comprising receiving a measurement gap configuration from a UE.

[0242]

[0253] Clause 51. The method according to Clause 50, comprising receiving a measurement gap configuration from a UE via Long Term Evolution (LTE) Positioning Protocol (LPP) signaling.

[0243]

[0254] Clause 52. The method according to any one of Clauses 47 to 49, comprising receiving a measurement gap configuration from a serving base station of a UE.

[0244]

[0255] Clause 53. The method according to Clause 52, comprising receiving a measurement gap configuration from a serving base station via LPP type A (LPPa) signaling or New Radio Positioning Protocol type A (NRPPa) signaling.

[0245]

[0256] Clause 54. An apparatus comprising a memory, at least one transceiver, and at least one processor communicatively coupled to the memory and the at least one transceiver, wherein the memory, the at least one transceiver, and the at least one processor are configured to implement the method according to any one of Clauses 1 to 53.

[0246]

[0257] Clause 55. An apparatus comprising means for implementing the method according to any one of Clauses 1 to 53.

[0247]

[0258] Clause 56. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing computer-executable instructions, the computer-executable instructions comprising at least one instruction for causing a computer or a processor to perform the method according to any one of Clauses 1 to 53, the non-transitory computer-readable medium.

[0248]

[0259] Additional implementation examples are described in the following numbered clauses.

[0249]

[0260] Clause 1. A method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE), the method comprising: receiving, from a serving base station via upper layer signaling, a plurality of measurement gap configurations; receiving, from the serving base station via lower layer signaling, activation of a first measurement gap configuration among the plurality of measurement gap configurations; and performing one or more measurements of one or more non-serving base stations during a measurement gap specified by the first measurement gap configuration.

[0250]

[0261] Clause 2. The method according to Clause 1, further comprising operating according to a default measurement gap configuration before receiving activation of the first measurement gap configuration.

[0251]

[0262] Clause 3. The method according to Clause 2, further comprising receiving, from the serving base station, identification information of the default measurement gap configuration.

[0252]

[0263] Clause 4. The method according to Clause 3, wherein the identification information of the default measurement gap configuration is received from the serving base station via upper layer signaling.

[0253]

[0264] Clause 5. The method according to any one of Clauses 3 to 4, wherein the identification information of the default measurement gap configuration is received from the serving base station via lower layer signaling.

[0254]

[0265] The method according to any one of clauses 2 to 5, further comprising switching back to the default measurement gap configuration after performing one or more measurements.

[0255]

[0266] The method according to any one of clauses 2 to 5, further comprising switching back to the default measurement gap configuration after a specified time period has elapsed since switching to the first measurement gap configuration.

[0256]

[0267] The method according to any one of clauses 1 to 7, wherein one of the plurality of measurement gap configurations comprises a null measurement gap pattern.

[0257]

[0268] The method according to any one of clauses 1 to 8, wherein the upper layer signaling comprises radio resource control (RRC) signaling, and the lower layer signaling comprises medium access control control element (MAC-CE) or downlink control information (DCI) signaling.

[0258]

[0269] The method according to any one of clauses 1 to 9, wherein one or more measurements comprise one or more positioning relation measurements, one or more radio resource management (RRM) measurements, or one or more in-device coexistence (IDC) measurements.

[0259]

[0270] A method of wireless communication performed by a base station, comprising transmitting a plurality of measurement gap configurations to a user equipment (UE) via upper layer signaling, transmitting activation of a first measurement gap configuration among the plurality of measurement gap configurations to the UE via lower layer signaling, and refraining from transmitting data to the UE during a measurement gap specified by the first measurement gap configuration.

[0260]

[0271] The method according to clause 11, further comprising transmitting identification information of the default measurement gap configuration to the UE.

[0261]

[0272] Method according to clause 12, wherein identification information of the default measurement gap configuration is transmitted to the UE via upper layer signaling.

[0262]

[0273] Method according to any of clauses 12 to 13, wherein identification information of the default measurement gap configuration is transmitted to the UE via lower layer signaling.

[0263]

[0274] Method according to any of clauses 11 to 14, wherein one of the plurality of measurement gap configurations comprises a null measurement gap pattern.

[0264]

[0275] Method according to any of clauses 11 to 15, wherein the upper layer signaling comprises radio resource control (RRC) signaling and the lower layer signaling comprises media access control control element (MAC-CE) or downlink control information (DCI) signaling.

[0265]

[0276] Method according to any of clauses 11 to 16, further comprising receiving, from the UE, a report comprising one or more measurements of one or more non-serving base stations performed by the UE during a measurement gap specified by a first measurement gap configuration.

[0266]

[0277] A method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE), comprising receiving, from a serving base station via upper layer signaling, a measurement gap configuration; receiving, from the serving base station via lower layer signaling, a message modifying the measurement gap configuration, wherein the message specifies new values for one or more parameters of the measurement gap configuration; and performing one or more measurements of one or more non-serving base stations during a measurement gap specified by the modified measurement gap configuration.

[0267]

[0278] Clause 19. The method according to clause 18, further comprising transmitting, to the serving base station, a request for a modified measurement gap configuration, wherein a message modifying the measurement gap configuration is received in response to the request.

[0268]

[0279] Clause 20. The method according to any one of clauses 18 to 19, further comprising receiving, from the serving base station via upper layer signaling, a plurality of measurement gap configurations, and receiving activation of a measurement gap configuration from the serving base station via lower layer signaling, the plurality of measurement gap configurations including the measurement gap configuration, before receiving a message modifying the measurement gap configuration.

[0269]

[0280] Clause 21. The method according to clause 20, wherein the message includes identification information of a measurement gap configuration from among the plurality of measurement gap configurations.

[0270]

[0281] Clause 22. The method according to any one of clauses 18 to 21, wherein one or more parameters comprise a measurement gap length, a measurement gap offset, a measurement gap repetition period, a measurement gap timing advance, or any combination thereof.

[0271]

[0282] Clause 23. The method according to any one of clauses 18 to 22, wherein the upper layer signaling comprises radio resource control (RRC) signaling, and the lower layer signaling comprises medium access control control element (MAC-CE) or downlink control information (DCI) signaling.

[0272]

[0283] Clause 24. The method according to any one of clauses 18 to 23, wherein one or more measurements comprise one or more positioning related measurements, one or more radio resource management (RRM) measurements, or one or more in-device coexistence (IDC) measurements.

[0273]

[0284] Clause 25. A method of wireless communication performed by a base station, comprising: transmitting a measurement gap configuration to a user equipment (UE) via upper layer signaling; transmitting a message to the UE via lower layer signaling to modify the measurement gap configuration, wherein the message specifies new values for one or more parameters of the measurement gap configuration; and refraining from transmitting data to the UE during the measurement gap specified by the modified measurement gap configuration.

[0274]

[0285] Clause 26. The method according to Clause 25, further comprising receiving, from the UE, a request for a modified measurement gap configuration, wherein a message for modifying the measurement gap configuration is transmitted in response to the request.

[0275]

[0286] Clause 27. The method according to any one of Clauses 25 to 26, further comprising transmitting a plurality of measurement gap configurations to the UE via upper layer signaling, and transmitting activation of a measurement gap configuration to the UE via lower layer signaling that includes the measurement gap configuration before transmitting a message to the UE via lower layer signaling to modify the measurement gap configuration.

[0276]

[0287] Clause 28. The method according to Clause 27, wherein the message includes identification information of a measurement gap configuration from among the plurality of measurement gap configurations.

[0277]

[0288] Clause 29. The method according to any one of Clauses 25 to 28, wherein the one or more parameters comprise a measurement gap length, a measurement gap offset, a measurement gap repetition period, a measurement gap timing advance, or any combination thereof.

[0278]

[0289] Clause 30. The method according to any one of Clauses 25 to 29, wherein the upper layer signaling comprises radio resource control (RRC) signaling, and the lower layer signaling comprises medium access control control element (MAC-CE) or downlink control information (DCI) signaling.

[0279]

[0290] Clause 31. A method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE), comprising receiving a measurement gap configuration from a serving base station via upper layer signaling, and transmitting a message to the serving base station via lower layer signaling requesting one or more updates to the measurement gap configuration, wherein the message specifies new values for one or more parameters of the measurement gap configuration, and performing one or more measurements of one or more non-serving base stations during the specified measurement gap according to the measurement gap configuration or an updated measurement gap configuration based on a message requesting one or more updates to the measurement gap configuration.

[0280]

[0291] Clause 32. The method according to Clause 31, further comprising receiving, from the serving base station via lower layer signaling, a message indicating an updated measurement gap configuration of the measurement gap configuration.

[0281]

[0292] Clause 33. The method according to any one of Clauses 31 to 32, wherein the message includes an indication that the serving base station has adopted new values for one or more parameters, and the updated measurement gap configuration comprises new values for one or more parameters.

[0282]

[0293] Clause 34. The method according to any one of Clauses 31 to 33, wherein the updated measurement gap configuration comprises values for one or more parameters, at least one of which is different from the new values for one or more parameters.

[0283]

[0294] Clause 35. The method according to any one of Clauses 31 to 34, further comprising receiving, from a serving base station, a plurality of measurement gap configurations via upper layer signaling, and receiving, from the serving base station, activation of a measurement gap configuration via lower layer signaling, wherein the plurality of measurement gap configurations includes the measurement gap configuration.

[0284]

[0295] Clause 36. The method according to Clause 35, wherein the message includes identification information of a measurement gap configuration from among the plurality of measurement gap configurations.

[0285]

[0296] Clause 37. The method according to any one of Clauses 31 to 36, wherein one or more parameters include a measurement gap length, a measurement gap offset, a measurement gap repetition period, a measurement gap timing advance, or any combination thereof.

[0286]

[0297] Clause 38. The method according to any one of Clauses 31 to 37, wherein the upper layer signaling includes radio resource control (RRC) signaling, and the lower layer signaling includes medium access control control element (MAC-CE) or downlink control information (DCI) signaling.

[0287]

[0298] Clause 39. The method according to any one of Clauses 31 to 38, wherein one or more measurements include one or more positioning related measurements, one or more radio resource management (RRM) measurements, or one or more in-device coexistence (IDC) measurements.

[0288]

[0299] A method of wireless communication performed by a base station, comprising: transmitting a measurement gap configuration to a user equipment (UE) via upper layer signaling; receiving, from the UE via lower layer signaling, a message requesting one or more updates to the measurement gap configuration, where the message specifies new values for one or more parameters of the measurement gap configuration, or is based on a measurement gap configuration, or an updated measurement gap configuration based on new values for one or more parameters of the measurement gap configuration; and refraining from transmitting data to the UE during the specified measurement gap.

[0289]

[0300] The method according to clause 40, further comprising transmitting, to the UE via lower layer signaling, a message instructing an updated measurement gap configuration of the measurement gap configuration.

[0290]

[0301] The method according to any one of clauses 40 to 41, wherein the message includes an indication that the base station has adopted new values for one or more parameters, and the updated measurement gap configuration comprises new values for one or more parameters.

[0291]

[0302] The method according to any one of clauses 40 to 42, wherein the updated measurement gap configuration comprises values for one or more parameters, at least one of which is different from the new values for one or more parameters.

[0292]

[0303] The method according to any one of clauses 40 to 43, further comprising transmitting a plurality of measurement gap configurations to the UE via upper layer signaling, and transmitting activation of the measurement gap configuration to the UE via lower layer signaling, where the plurality of measurement gap configurations includes the measurement gap configuration.

[0293]

[0304] Method according to clause 44, wherein the message includes identification information of a measurement gap configuration from among a plurality of measurement gap configurations.

[0294]

[0305] Method according to any one of clauses 40 to 45, wherein one or more parameters comprise a measurement gap length, a measurement gap offset, a measurement gap repetition period, a measurement gap timing advance, or any combination thereof.

[0295]

[0306] Method according to any one of clauses 40 to 46, wherein the upper layer signaling comprises radio resource control (RRC) signaling and the lower layer signaling comprises medium access control control element (MAC-CE) or downlink control information (DCI) signaling.

[0296]

[0307] A method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE), the method comprising: receiving, from a location server, a PRS configuration that specifies a plurality of positioning reference signal (PRS) transmissions scheduled to be transmitted by a plurality of base stations; transmitting, to a serving base station, a request for a measurement gap to be configured; receiving, from the serving base station, a measurement gap configuration, wherein the request specifies a location in time and / or frequency of the plurality of PRS transmissions; and transmitting, to the location server, the measurement gap configuration based on at least one of the plurality of PRS transmissions not coinciding with a measurement gap specified by the measurement gap configuration.

[0297]

[0308] A method of communication performed by a location server, the method comprising: transmitting, to a user equipment (UE), a PRS configuration that specifies a plurality of positioning reference signal (PRS) transmissions scheduled to be transmitted by a plurality of base stations; receiving, for the UE, a measurement gap configuration; and updating the PRS configuration in response to receiving the measurement gap configuration.

[0298]

[0309] Clause 50. The method according to clause 49, comprising instructing at least one base station among a plurality of base stations to mute at least one PRS transmission among a plurality of PRS transmissions that does not match a measurement gap specified by a measurement gap configuration when updating the PRS configuration.

[0299]

[0310] Clause 51. The method according to any one of clauses 49 to 50, comprising instructing at least one base station among a plurality of base stations to adjust the transmission time of at least one PRS transmission among a plurality of PRS transmissions to match a measurement gap specified by a measurement gap configuration when updating the PRS configuration.

[0300]

[0311] Clause 52. The method according to any one of clauses 49 to 51, comprising receiving a measurement gap configuration from a UE.

[0301]

[0312] Clause 53. An apparatus comprising a memory, at least one transceiver, and at least one processor communicatively coupled to the memory and the at least one transceiver, wherein the memory, the at least one transceiver, and the at least one processor are configured to implement the method according to any one of clauses 1 to 52.

[0302]

[0313] Clause 54. An apparatus comprising means for implementing the method according to any one of clauses 1 to 52.

[0303]

[0314] Clause 55. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing computer-executable instructions, wherein the computer-executable instructions comprise at least one instruction for causing a computer or a processor to implement the method according to any one of clauses 1 to 52.

[0304]

[0315] Those skilled in the art will understand that information and signals can be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referred to throughout the above description can be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, optical fields or optical particles, or any combination thereof.

[0305]

[0316] Furthermore, those skilled in the art will understand that the various illustrative logical blocks, modules, circuits, and algorithm steps described in connection with the aspects disclosed herein can be implemented as electronic hardware, computer software, or a combination of both. To clearly illustrate this interchangeability of hardware and software, various illustrative components, blocks, modules, circuits, and steps have been described above generally in terms of their functionality. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system. Those skilled in the art may implement the described functionality in varying ways for each particular application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the present disclosure.

[0306]

[0317] With respect to the aspects disclosed herein, the various exemplary logical blocks, modules, and circuits described may be implemented or performed using a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), or other programmable logic device, discrete gates or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any conventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. The processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors cooperating with a DSP core, or any other such configuration.

[0307]

[0318] The methods, sequences and / or algorithms described with respect to the aspects disclosed herein may be implemented directly in hardware, in software modules executed by a processor, or in a combination of the two. The software modules may reside in random access memory (RAM), flash memory, read only memory (ROM), erasable programmable ROM (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM (registered trademark)), registers, hard disk, a removable disk, a CD-ROM, or any other form of storage medium known in the art. An exemplary storage medium is coupled to the processor such that the processor can read information from, and write information to, the storage medium. In the alternative, the storage medium may be integral to the processor. The processor and the storage medium may reside in an ASIC. The ASIC may reside in a user terminal (e.g., a UE). In the alternative, the processor and the storage medium may reside as discrete components in a user terminal.

[0308]

[0319] In one or more exemplary aspects, the described functionality may be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software, the functionality may be stored on or transmitted over a computer-readable medium as one or more instructions or code. A computer-readable medium includes both a computer storage medium and a communication medium including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another. The storage medium may be any available medium that can be accessed by a computer. By way of example, and not limitation, such computer-readable media can comprise RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium that can be used to carry or store desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and that can be accessed by a computer. Any connection is properly a computer-readable medium. For example, if software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using a coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, Digital Subscriber Line (DSL), or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave, then the coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL, or infrared, radio, and microwave are included in the definition of medium. As used herein, disk and disc include compact disc (CD), laser disc, optical disc, digital versatile disc (DVD), floppy disk and Blu-ray disc, where disk generally magnetically reproduces data, and disc optically reproduces data with a laser. The above combinations should also be included within the scope of computer-readable media.

[0309]

[0320] The above disclosure shows exemplary aspects of the present disclosure, but it should be noted that various changes and modifications can be made herein without departing from the scope of the present disclosure as defined by the appended claims. The functions, steps, and / or actions of the method claims according to the aspects of the present disclosure described herein need not be performed in a particular order. Further, elements of the present disclosure may be described or claimed in the singular, but the plural is contemplated unless explicitly stated to be limited to the singular. The invention described in the claims of the present application at the time of filing is appended below. [C1] A method of wireless communication implemented by a user equipment (UE), comprising: receiving, from a serving base station via upper layer signaling, a plurality of measurement gap configurations; receiving, from the serving base station via lower layer signaling, activation of a first measurement gap configuration among the plurality of measurement gap configurations; performing one or more measurements of one or more non-serving base stations during a measurement gap specified by the first measurement gap configuration. A method comprising the above. [C2] The method according to C1, further comprising operating according to a default measurement gap configuration before receiving the activation of the first measurement gap configuration. The method according to C2, further comprising receiving, from the serving base station, identification information of the default measurement gap configuration. [C3] The method according to C3, wherein the identification information of the default measurement gap configuration is received from the serving base station via the upper layer signaling. The method according to C3, wherein the identification information of the default measurement gap configuration is received from the serving base station via the lower layer signaling. [C4] The method according to C2, further comprising switching back to the default measurement gap configuration after performing the one or more measurements. [C5] The method according to C2, further comprising switching back to the default measurement gap configuration after a specified time period after switching to the first measurement gap configuration. [C6] The method according to C1, wherein one of the plurality of measurement gap configurations comprises a null measurement gap pattern. The method according to C1, wherein the upper layer signaling comprises radio resource control (RRC) signaling, and [C7] The method according to C1, wherein the lower layer signaling comprises media access control control element (MAC CE) or downlink control information (DCI) signaling. The method according to C1. [C8] ​ [C9] ​ ​ ​ [C10] The method according to C1, wherein the one or more measurements comprise one or more positioning relation measurements, one or more radio resource management (RRM) measurements, or one or more in-device coexistence (IDC) measurements. [C11] A method of wireless communication performed by a base station, transmitting, to a user equipment (UE) via upper layer signaling, a plurality of measurement gap configurations; transmitting, to the UE via lower layer signaling, activation of a first measurement gap configuration among the plurality of measurement gap configurations; refraining from transmitting data to the UE during a measurement gap specified by the first measurement gap configuration and comprising. [C12] transmitting, to the UE, identification information of a default measurement gap configuration The method according to C11, further comprising. [C13] The method according to C12, wherein the identification information of the default measurement gap configuration is transmitted to the UE via the upper layer signaling. [C14] The method according to C12, wherein the identification information of the default measurement gap configuration is transmitted to the UE via the lower layer signaling. [C15] The method according to C11, wherein one of the plurality of measurement gap configurations comprises a null measurement gap pattern. [C16] The upper layer signaling comprises radio resource control (RRC) signaling, The lower layer signaling comprises medium access control control element (MAC CE) or downlink control information (DCI) signaling, The method according to C11. [C17] receiving, from the UE, a report comprising one or more measurements of one or more non-serving base stations performed by the UE during the measurement gap specified by the first measurement gap configuration The method according to C11, further comprising. [C18] A method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE), receiving, from a serving base station via upper layer signaling, a measurement gap configuration; receiving, from the serving base station via lower layer signaling, a message for modifying the measurement gap configuration, wherein the message specifies new values of one or more parameters of the measurement gap configuration; performing one or more measurements of one or more non-serving base stations during a measurement gap specified by the modified measurement gap configuration and comprising. [C19] Sending a request for the modified measurement gap configuration to the serving base station, wherein the message for modifying the measurement gap configuration is received in response to the request. The method according to C18, further comprising. [C20] Receiving a plurality of measurement gap configurations from the serving base station via the upper layer signaling, wherein the plurality of measurement gap configurations includes the measurement gap configuration. Receiving activation of the measurement gap configuration from the serving base station via lower layer signaling before receiving the message for modifying the measurement gap configuration. The method according to C18, further comprising. [C21] The method according to C20, wherein the message includes identification information of the measurement gap configuration from among the plurality of measurement gap configurations. [C22] The method according to C18, wherein the one or more parameters include a measurement gap length, a measurement gap offset, a measurement gap repetition period, a measurement gap timing advance, or any combination thereof. [C23] The upper layer signaling includes radio resource control (RRC) signaling. The lower layer signaling includes medium access control control element (MAC CE) or downlink control information (DCI) signaling. The method according to C18. [C24] The method according to C18, wherein the one or more measurements include one or more positioning related measurements, one or more radio resource management (RRM) measurements, or one or more in-device coexistence (IDC) measurements. [C25] A method of wireless communication performed by a base station, comprising: Transmitting a measurement gap configuration to a user equipment (UE) via upper layer signaling. Transmitting a message for modifying the measurement gap configuration to the UE via lower layer signaling, wherein the message specifies new values of one or more parameters of the measurement gap configuration. Refraining from transmitting data to the UE during the measurement gap specified by the modified measurement gap configuration. A method comprising. [C26] Receiving a request for the modified measurement gap configuration from the UE, wherein the message for modifying the measurement gap configuration is transmitted in response to the request. The method according to C25, further comprising. [C27] Sending, via the upper layer signaling, a plurality of measurement gap configurations to the UE, wherein the plurality of measurement gap configurations includes the measurement gap configuration Sending, via the lower layer signaling, activation of the measurement gap configuration to the UE before sending the message for modifying the measurement gap configuration to the UE The method according to C25, further comprising [C28] The method according to C27, wherein the message includes identification information of the measurement gap configuration from among the plurality of measurement gap configurations [C29] The method according to C25, wherein the one or more parameters comprise a measurement gap length, a measurement gap offset, a measurement gap repetition period, a measurement gap timing advance, or any combination thereof [C30] The upper layer signaling comprises radio resource control (RRC) signaling The lower layer signaling comprises media access control control element (MAC CE) or downlink control information (DCI) signaling The method according to C25 [C31] A method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE), comprising Receiving, via upper layer signaling, a measurement gap configuration from a serving base station Sending, via lower layer signaling, to the serving base station, a message requesting one or more updates to the measurement gap configuration, wherein the message specifies new values for one or more parameters of the measurement gap configuration Performing one or more measurements of one or more non-serving base stations during a measurement gap specified by the measurement gap configuration or by an updated measurement gap configuration based on the message requesting the one or more updates to the measurement gap configuration The method comprising [C32] Receiving, via the lower layer signaling, from the serving base station, a message indicating the updated measurement gap configuration of the measurement gap configuration The method according to C31, further comprising [C33] The message includes an indication that the serving base station has adopted the new values of the one or more parameters The updated measurement gap configuration comprises the new values of the one or more parameters The method according to C31 [C34] The method according to C31, wherein the updated measurement gap configuration comprises values of the one or more parameters, at least one of which is different from the new value of the one or more parameters. [C35] Receiving, from the serving base station via the upper layer signaling, a plurality of measurement gap configurations, wherein the plurality of measurement gap configurations includes the measurement gap configuration. Receiving, from the serving base station via the lower layer signaling, activation of the measurement gap configuration. The method according to C31, further comprising. [C36] The method according to C35, wherein the message includes identification information of the measurement gap configuration from among the plurality of measurement gap configurations. [C37] The method according to C31, wherein the one or more parameters comprise a measurement gap length, a measurement gap offset, a measurement gap repetition period, a measurement gap timing advance, or any combination thereof. [C38] The upper layer signaling comprises radio resource control (RRC) signaling. The lower layer signaling comprises medium access control control element (MAC CE) or downlink control information (DCI) signaling. The method according to C31. [C39] The method according to C31, wherein the one or more measurements comprise one or more positioning relation measurements, one or more radio resource management (RRM) measurements, or one or more in-device coexistence (IDC) measurements. [C40] A method of wireless communication performed by a base station, comprising: Transmitting, to a user equipment (UE) via upper layer signaling, a measurement gap configuration. Receiving, from the UE via lower layer signaling, a message requesting one or more updates to the measurement gap configuration, wherein the message specifies new values of one or more parameters of the measurement gap configuration. Refraining from transmitting data to the UE during a measurement gap specified by the measurement gap configuration or an updated measurement gap configuration based on the new values of the one or more parameters of the measurement gap configuration. The method comprising. [C41] Transmitting, to the UE via the lower layer signaling, a message indicating the updated measurement gap configuration of the measurement gap configuration. The method according to C40, further comprising. [C42] The message includes an instruction that the base station has adopted the new value of the one or more parameters, The updated measurement gap configuration comprises the new value of the one or more parameters, The method according to C40. [C43] The method according to C40, wherein the updated measurement gap configuration comprises values of the one or more parameters, at least one of which is different from the new value of the one or more parameters. [C44] Transmitting a plurality of measurement gap configurations to the UE via the upper layer signaling, and the plurality of measurement gap configurations includes the measurement gap configuration, Transmitting activation of the measurement gap configuration to the UE via lower layer signaling The method according to C40, further comprising. [C45] The method according to C44, wherein the message includes identification information of the measurement gap configuration from among the plurality of measurement gap configurations. [C46] The method according to C40, wherein the one or more parameters comprise a measurement gap length, a measurement gap offset, a measurement gap repetition period, a measurement gap timing advance, or any combination thereof. [C47] The upper layer signaling comprises radio resource control (RRC) signaling, The lower layer signaling comprises media access control control element (MAC CE) or downlink control information (DCI) signaling. The method according to C40. [C48] A method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE), Receiving a PRS configuration that designates a plurality of positioning reference signal (PRS) transmissions scheduled to be transmitted by a plurality of base stations from a location server, Transmitting a request for being configured with a measurement gap to a serving base station, the request designating a location in time and / or frequency of the plurality of PRS transmissions, Receiving a measurement gap configuration from the serving base station, Transmitting the measurement gap configuration to the location server based on that at least one of the plurality of PRS transmissions does not coincide with the measurement gap designated by the measurement gap configuration A method comprising. [C49] A method of communication performed by a location server, Transmitting to a user equipment (UE) a PRS configuration that specifies a plurality of positioning reference signal (PRS) transmissions scheduled to be transmitted by a plurality of base stations; Receiving a measurement gap configuration for the UE; Updating the PRS configuration in response to receiving the measurement gap configuration; A method comprising. [C50] Updating the PRS configuration is Instructing at least one base station among the plurality of base stations to mute at least one PRS transmission among the plurality of PRS transmissions that does not coincide with the measurement gap specified by the measurement gap configuration; The method according to C49, comprising. [C51] Updating the PRS configuration is Instructing at least one base station among the plurality of base stations to adjust the transmission time of at least one PRS transmission among the plurality of PRS transmissions to coincide with the measurement gap specified by the measurement gap configuration; The method according to C49, comprising. [C52] Receiving the measurement gap configuration is Receiving the measurement gap configuration from the UE; The method according to C49, comprising. [C53] A memory; At least one transceiver; At least one processor communicatively coupled to the memory and the at least one transceiver; A user equipment (UE) comprising, wherein the at least one processor is Receiving, via the at least one transceiver, a plurality of measurement gap configurations from a serving base station via upper layer signaling; Receiving, via the at least one transceiver, activation of a first measurement gap configuration among the plurality of measurement gap configurations from the serving base station via lower layer signaling; Performing one or more measurements of one or more non-serving base stations during the measurement gap specified by the first measurement gap configuration; A user equipment (UE) configured to perform. [C54] The at least one processor is Operating according to a default measurement gap configuration prior to receiving the activation of the first measurement gap configuration; The UE according to C53, further configured to perform. [C55] The at least one processor is Receiving, via the at least one transceiver, identification information of the default measurement gap configuration from the serving base station; The UE according to C54, further configured to perform [C56] The UE according to C55, wherein the identification information of the default measurement gap configuration is received from the serving base station via the upper layer signaling [C57] The UE according to C55, wherein the identification information of the default measurement gap configuration is received from the serving base station via the lower layer signaling [C58] The at least one processor Switching back to the default measurement gap configuration after performing the one or more measurements The UE according to C54, further configured to perform [C59] The at least one processor Switching to the first measurement gap configuration and then switching back to the default measurement gap configuration after a specified time period The UE according to C54, further configured to perform [C60] The UE according to C53, wherein one of the plurality of measurement gap configurations comprises a null measurement gap pattern [C61] The upper layer signaling comprises radio resource control (RRC) signaling The lower layer signaling comprises media access control control element (MAC CE) or downlink control information (DCI) signaling The UE according to C53 [C62] The UE according to C53, wherein the one or more measurements comprise one or more positioning relationship measurements, one or more radio resource management (RRM) measurements, or one or more in-device coexistence (IDC) measurements [C63] A memory, At least one transceiver, At least one processor communicatively coupled to the memory and the at least one transceiver A base station comprising, wherein the at least one processor Transmitting a plurality of measurement gap configurations to a user equipment (UE) via upper layer signaling via the at least one transceiver Transmitting activation of a first measurement gap configuration among the plurality of measurement gap configurations to the UE via lower layer signaling via the at least one transceiver Refraining from transmitting data to the UE during a measurement gap specified by the first measurement gap configuration A base station further configured to perform [C64] The at least one processor Transmitting, via the at least one transceiver, identification information of a default measurement gap configuration to the UE The base station according to C63, further configured to perform the above [C65] The base station according to C64, wherein the identification information of the default measurement gap configuration is transmitted to the UE via the upper layer signaling [C66] The base station according to C64, wherein the identification information of the default measurement gap configuration is transmitted to the UE via the lower layer signaling [C67] The base station according to C63, wherein one of the plurality of measurement gap configurations comprises a null measurement gap pattern [C68] The upper layer signaling comprises radio resource control (RRC) signaling The lower layer signaling comprises media access control control element (MAC CE) or downlink control information (DCI) signaling The base station according to C63 [C69] The at least one processor Receiving, via the at least one transceiver, from the UE, a report comprising one or more measurements of one or more non-serving base stations performed by the UE during the measurement gap specified by the first measurement gap configuration The base station according to C63, further configured to perform the above [C70] A memory At least one transceiver At least one processor communicatively coupled to the memory and the at least one transceiver A user equipment (UE) comprising: the at least one processor Receiving, via the at least one transceiver, a measurement gap configuration from a serving base station via upper layer signaling Receiving, via the at least one transceiver, from the serving base station, a message for modifying the measurement gap configuration via lower layer signaling, wherein the message specifies new values of one or more parameters of the measurement gap configuration Performing one or more measurements of one or more non-serving base stations during the measurement gap specified by the modified measurement gap configuration A user equipment (UE) configured to perform the above [C71] The at least one processor Transmitting, via the at least one transceiver, a request for the modified measurement gap configuration to the serving base station, wherein the message for modifying the measurement gap configuration is received in response to the request. The UE according to C70, further configured to perform the above. [C72] The at least one processor is Receiving, via the at least one transceiver, a plurality of measurement gap configurations from the serving base station via the upper layer signaling, wherein the plurality of measurement gap configurations includes the measurement gap configuration. Receiving, via the at least one transceiver, activation of the measurement gap configuration before receiving the message for modifying the measurement gap configuration from the serving base station via the lower layer signaling. The UE according to C70, further configured to perform the above. [C73] The UE according to C72, wherein the message includes identification information of the measurement gap configuration from among the plurality of measurement gap configurations. [C74] The UE according to C70, wherein the one or more parameters include a measurement gap length, a measurement gap offset, a measurement gap repetition period, a measurement gap timing advance, or any combination thereof. [C75] The upper layer signaling includes radio resource control (RRC) signaling. The lower layer signaling includes media access control control element (MAC CE) or downlink control information (DCI) signaling. The UE according to C70. [C76] The UE according to C70, wherein the one or more measurements include one or more positioning relation measurements, one or more radio resource management (RRM) measurements, or one or more in-device coexistence (IDC) measurements. [C77] A memory, At least one transceiver, At least one processor communicatively coupled to the memory and the at least one transceiver. A base station comprising: the at least one processor is Transmitting, via the at least one transceiver, a measurement gap configuration to a user equipment (UE) via the upper layer signaling. Transmitting, via the at least one transceiver, a message to the UE via lower layer signaling to modify the measurement gap configuration, wherein the message specifies new values for one or more parameters of the measurement gap configuration Refraining from transmitting data to the UE during a measurement gap specified by the modified measurement gap configuration A base station configured to perform the above [C78] The at least one processor Receiving, via the at least one transceiver, a request from the UE regarding the modified measurement gap configuration, wherein the message for modifying the measurement gap configuration is transmitted in response to the request The base station according to C77, further configured to perform the above [C79] The at least one processor Transmitting, via the at least one transceiver, a plurality of measurement gap configurations to the UE via upper layer signaling, wherein the plurality of measurement gap configurations includes the measurement gap configuration Transmitting, via the at least one transceiver, activation of the measurement gap configuration to the UE via lower layer signaling before transmitting the message for modifying the measurement gap configuration The base station according to C79, further configured to perform the above [C80] The base station according to C79, wherein the message includes identification information of the measurement gap configuration from among the plurality of measurement gap configurations [C81] The base station according to C77, wherein the one or more parameters comprise a measurement gap length, a measurement gap offset, a measurement gap repetition period, a measurement gap timing advance, or any combination thereof [C82] The upper layer signaling comprises radio resource control (RRC) signaling The lower layer signaling comprises medium access control control element (MAC CE) or downlink control information (DCI) signaling The base station according to C77 [C83] A memory At least one transceiver At least one processor communicatively coupled to the memory and the at least one transceiver A user equipment (UE) comprising the above, wherein the at least one processor Receiving, via the at least one transceiver, a measurement gap configuration from a serving base station via upper layer signaling; Transmitting, via the at least one transceiver, a message to the serving base station via lower layer signaling, requesting one or more updates to the measurement gap configuration, wherein the message specifies new values for one or more parameters of the measurement gap configuration; Performing one or more measurements of one or more non-serving base stations during a measurement gap specified by the measurement gap configuration or by an updated measurement gap configuration based on the message requesting the one or more updates to the measurement gap configuration; A user equipment (UE) configured to perform the above. [C84] The at least one processor is further configured to: Receive, via the at least one transceiver, a message from the serving base station via lower layer signaling, indicating the updated measurement gap configuration of the measurement gap configuration; The UE according to C83, further configured to perform the above. [C85] The message includes an indication that the serving base station has adopted the new values of the one or more parameters; The updated measurement gap configuration comprises the new values of the one or more parameters; The UE according to C83. [C86] The UE according to C83, wherein the updated measurement gap configuration comprises values of the one or more parameters, at least one of which is different from the new values of the one or more parameters. [C87] The at least one processor is further configured to: Receive, via the at least one transceiver, a plurality of measurement gap configurations from a serving base station via upper layer signaling, wherein the plurality of measurement gap configurations includes the measurement gap configuration; Receive, via the at least one transceiver, activation of the measurement gap configuration from the serving base station via lower layer signaling; The UE according to C83, further configured to perform the above. [C88] The UE according to C87, wherein the message includes identification information of the measurement gap configuration from among the plurality of measurement gap configurations. [C89] The UE according to C83, wherein the one or more parameters comprise a measurement gap length, a measurement gap offset, a measurement gap repetition period, a measurement gap timing advance, or any combination thereof. [C90] The upper layer signaling comprises radio resource control (RRC) signaling. The lower layer signaling comprises medium access control control element (MAC CE) or downlink control information (DCI) signaling. The UE according to C83. [C91] The UE according to C83, wherein the one or more measurements comprise one or more positioning relation measurements, one or more radio resource management (RRM) measurements, or one or more in-device coexistence (IDC) measurements. [C92] A memory. At least one transceiver. At least one processor communicatively coupled to the memory and the at least one transceiver. A base station comprising: Transmitting, via the at least one transceiver, a measurement gap configuration to a user equipment (UE) via upper layer signaling. Receiving, via the at least one transceiver, a message from the UE via lower layer signaling requesting one or more updates to the measurement gap configuration, wherein the message specifies new values for one or more parameters of the measurement gap configuration. Refraining from transmitting data to the UE during a measurement gap specified by the measurement gap configuration or an updated measurement gap configuration based on the new values of the one or more parameters of the measurement gap configuration. A base station configured to perform the above. [C93] The at least one processor is further configured to: Transmit, via the at least one transceiver, a message to the UE via the lower layer signaling indicating the updated measurement gap configuration of the measurement gap configuration. The base station according to C92, further configured to perform the above. [C94] The message includes an indication that the base station has adopted the new values of the one or more parameters. The updated measurement gap configuration comprises the new values of the one or more parameters. The base station according to C92. [C95] The base station according to C92, wherein the updated measurement gap configuration comprises values of the one or more parameters, at least one of which is different from the new value of the one or more parameters. [C96] The at least one processor is configured to further transmit, via the at least one transceiver, to the UE via the upper layer signaling, a plurality of measurement gap configurations, wherein the plurality of measurement gap configurations includes the measurement gap configuration and to transmit, via the at least one transceiver, to the UE via the lower layer signaling, activation of the measurement gap configuration The base station according to C92, further configured to perform the above. [C97] The base station according to C96, wherein the message includes identification information of the measurement gap configuration from among the plurality of measurement gap configurations. [C98] The base station according to C92, wherein the one or more parameters comprise a measurement gap length, a measurement gap offset, a measurement gap repetition period, a measurement gap timing advance, or any combination thereof. [C99] The upper layer signaling comprises radio resource control (RRC) signaling The lower layer signaling comprises medium access control control element (MAC CE) or downlink control information (DCI) signaling The base station according to C92. [C100] A memory, at least one transceiver, and at least one processor communicatively coupled to the memory and the at least one transceiver, wherein the at least one processor is configured to receive, via the at least one transceiver, from a location server, a PRS configuration specifying a plurality of positioning reference signal (PRS) transmissions scheduled to be transmitted by a plurality of base stations; to transmit, via the at least one transceiver, to a serving base station, a request for being configured with a measurement gap, wherein the request specifies a location in time and / or frequency of the plurality of PRS transmissions; and to receive, via the at least one transceiver, from the serving base station, a measurement gap configuration Based on at least one of the plurality of PRS transmissions not matching a measurement gap specified by the measurement gap configuration, transmit the measurement gap configuration to the location server via the at least one transceiver A user equipment (UE) configured to perform the above [C101] A memory, At least one transceiver, At least one processor communicatively coupled to the memory and the at least one transceiver A location server comprising: the at least one processor is Transmit a PRS configuration to a user equipment (UE) via the at least one transceiver, the PRS configuration specifying a plurality of positioning reference signal (PRS) transmissions scheduled to be transmitted by a plurality of base stations Receive a measurement gap configuration for the UE via the at least one transceiver Update the PRS configuration in response to receiving the measurement gap configuration A location server configured to perform the above [C102] The at least one processor configured to update the PRS configuration is Instruct at least one of the plurality of base stations to mute at least one of the plurality of PRS transmissions that does not match a measurement gap specified by the measurement gap configuration The location server according to C101, comprising the at least one processor configured to perform the above [C103] The at least one processor configured to update the PRS configuration is Instruct at least one of the plurality of base stations to adjust the transmission time of at least one of the plurality of PRS transmissions to match a measurement gap specified by the measurement gap configuration The location server according to C101, comprising the at least one processor configured to perform the above [C104] The at least one processor configured to receive the measurement gap configuration is Receive the measurement gap configuration from the UE via the at least one transceiver The location server according to C101, comprising the at least one processor configured to perform the above [C105] A user equipment (UE), Means for receiving, from a serving base station via upper layer signaling, a plurality of measurement gap configurations; Means for receiving, from the serving base station via lower layer signaling, activation of a first measurement gap configuration among the plurality of measurement gap configurations; Means for performing one or more measurements of one or more non-serving base stations during a measurement gap specified by the first measurement gap configuration A user equipment (UE) comprising the above. [C106] A base station, comprising: Means for transmitting, to a user equipment (UE) via upper layer signaling, a plurality of measurement gap configurations; Means for transmitting, to the UE via lower layer signaling, activation of a first measurement gap configuration among the plurality of measurement gap configurations; Means for refraining from transmitting data to the UE during a measurement gap specified by the first measurement gap configuration A base station comprising the above. [C107] A user equipment (UE) comprising: Means for receiving, from a serving base station via upper layer signaling, a measurement gap configuration; Means for receiving, from the serving base station via lower layer signaling, a message for modifying the measurement gap configuration, where the message specifies new values for one or more parameters of the measurement gap configuration; Means for performing one or more measurements of one or more non-serving base stations during a measurement gap specified by the modified measurement gap configuration A user equipment (UE) comprising the above. [C108] A base station, comprising: Means for transmitting, to a user equipment (UE) via upper layer signaling, a measurement gap configuration; Means for transmitting, to the UE via lower layer signaling, a message for modifying the measurement gap configuration, where the message specifies new values for one or more parameters of the measurement gap configuration; Means for refraining from transmitting data to the UE during a measurement gap specified by the modified measurement gap configuration A base station comprising the above. [C109] A user equipment (UE) comprising: Means for receiving, from a serving base station via upper layer signaling, a measurement gap configuration; means for transmitting, via lower layer signaling, a message to the serving base station requesting one or more updates to the measurement gap configuration, wherein the message specifies new values for one or more parameters of the measurement gap configuration, means for performing one or more measurements of one or more non-serving base stations during a measurement gap specified by the measurement gap configuration or by an updated measurement gap configuration requested by the message requesting one or more updates to the measurement gap configuration A user equipment (UE) comprising the above. [C110] A base station, means for transmitting, via upper layer signaling, a measurement gap configuration to a user equipment (UE), means for receiving, via lower layer signaling, a message from the UE requesting one or more updates to the measurement gap configuration, wherein the message specifies new values for one or more parameters of the measurement gap configuration, means for refraining from transmitting data to the UE during a measurement gap specified by the measurement gap configuration or by an updated measurement gap configuration based on the new values of the one or more parameters of the measurement gap configuration A base station comprising the above. [C111] A user equipment (UE), means for receiving, from a location server, a PRS configuration specifying a plurality of positioning reference signal (PRS) transmissions scheduled to be transmitted by a plurality of base stations, means for transmitting, to a serving base station, a request to be configured with a measurement gap, wherein the request specifies the location in time and / or frequency of the plurality of PRS transmissions, means for receiving, from the serving base station, a measurement gap configuration, means for transmitting, to the location server, the measurement gap configuration based on at least one of the plurality of PRS transmissions not coinciding with a measurement gap specified by the measurement gap configuration A user equipment (UE) comprising the above. [C112] A location server, means for transmitting, to a user equipment (UE), a PRS configuration specifying a plurality of positioning reference signal (PRS) transmissions scheduled to be transmitted by a plurality of base stations, means for receiving a measurement gap configuration for the UE; means for updating the PRS configuration in response to receiving the measurement gap configuration; A location server comprising: [C113] A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing computer-executable instructions that, when executed by a user equipment (UE), cause the UE to: receive, from a serving base station via upper layer signaling, a plurality of measurement gap configurations; receive, from the serving base station via lower layer signaling, activation of a first measurement gap configuration among the plurality of measurement gap configurations; perform one or more measurements of one or more non-serving base stations during a measurement gap specified by the first measurement gap configuration; A non-transitory computer-readable medium. [C114] A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing computer-executable instructions that, when executed by a base station, cause the base station to: send, to a user equipment (UE) via upper layer signaling, a plurality of measurement gap configurations; send, to the UE via lower layer signaling, activation of a first measurement gap configuration among the plurality of measurement gap configurations; refrain from sending data to the UE during a measurement gap specified by the first measurement gap configuration; A non-transitory computer-readable medium. [C115] A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing computer-executable instructions that, when executed by a user equipment (UE), cause the UE to: receive, from a serving base station via upper layer signaling, a measurement gap configuration; receive, from the serving base station via lower layer signaling, a message for modifying the measurement gap configuration, where the message specifies new values for one or more parameters of the measurement gap configuration; perform one or more measurements of one or more non-serving base stations during a measurement gap specified by the modified measurement gap configuration; A non-transitory computer-readable medium. [C116] A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing computer-executable instructions that, when executed by a base station, cause the base station to transmit a measurement gap configuration to a user equipment (UE) via upper layer signaling; transmit a message to the UE via lower layer signaling to modify the measurement gap configuration, where the message specifies new values for one or more parameters of the measurement gap configuration; refrain from transmitting data to the UE during a measurement gap specified by the modified measurement gap configuration A non-transitory computer-readable medium that causes the above to be performed. [C117] A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing computer-executable instructions that, when executed by a user equipment (UE), cause the UE to receive a measurement gap configuration from a serving base station via upper layer signaling; transmit a message to the serving base station via lower layer signaling requesting one or more updates to the measurement gap configuration, where the message specifies new values for one or more parameters of the measurement gap configuration; perform one or more measurements of one or more non-serving base stations during a measurement gap specified by the measurement gap configuration or by an updated measurement gap configuration based on the message requesting the one or more updates to the measurement gap configuration A non-transitory computer-readable medium that causes the above to be performed. [C118] A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing computer-executable instructions that, when executed by a base station, cause the base station to transmit a measurement gap configuration to a user equipment (UE) via upper layer signaling; receive from the UE via lower layer signaling a message requesting one or more updates to the measurement gap configuration, where the message specifies new values for one or more parameters of the measurement gap configuration; Refraining from transmitting data to the UE during a specified measurement gap according to the measurement gap configuration or an updated measurement gap configuration based on the new value of the one or more parameters of the measurement gap configuration A non-transitory computer-readable medium that causes this to be done [C119] A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing computer-executable instructions, wherein when the computer-executable instructions are executed by a user equipment (UE), the UE is caused to Receive a PRS configuration that designates a plurality of positioning reference signal (PRS) transmissions scheduled to be transmitted by a plurality of base stations from a location server Transmit a request for being configured with a measurement gap to a serving base station, wherein the request designates a location in time and / or frequency of the plurality of PRS transmissions Receive a measurement gap configuration from the serving base station Transmit the measurement gap configuration to the location server based on that at least one of the plurality of PRS transmissions does not coincide with the measurement gap designated by the measurement gap configuration A non-transitory computer-readable medium that causes this to be done [C120] A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing computer-executable instructions, wherein when the computer-executable instructions are executed by a location server, the location server is caused to Transmit a PRS configuration that designates a plurality of positioning reference signal (PRS) transmissions scheduled to be transmitted by a plurality of base stations to a user equipment (UE) Receive a measurement gap configuration for the UE Update the PRS configuration in response to receiving the measurement gap configuration A non-transitory computer-readable medium that causes this to be done

Claims

1. A method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE), comprising: receiving, from a serving base station via upper layer signaling, a plurality of measurement gap configurations; operating according to a default measurement gap configuration, wherein identification information of the default measurement gap configuration is received from the serving base station via lower layer signaling; receiving, from the serving base station via the lower layer signaling, activation of a first measurement gap configuration among the plurality of measurement gap configurations; performing one or more measurements of one or more non-serving base stations during a measurement gap specified by the first measurement gap configuration; A method comprising the above.

2. Further comprising receiving, from the serving base station, identification information of the default measurement gap configuration. The method according to claim 1.

3. Further comprising switching back to the default measurement gap configuration after performing the one or more measurements. The method according to claim 1.

4. Further comprising switching back to the default measurement gap configuration after a specified time period after switching to the first measurement gap configuration. The method according to claim 1.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein one of the plurality of measurement gap configurations comprises a null measurement gap pattern.

6. The upper layer signaling comprises radio resource control (RRC) signaling, and the lower layer signaling comprises media access control control element (MAC CE) or downlink control information (DCI) signaling. The method according to claim 1.

7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the one or more measurements comprise one or more positioning relation measurements, one or more radio resource management (RRM) measurements, or one or more in-device coexistence (IDC) measurements.

8. A method of wireless communication performed by a base station, comprising: transmitting a plurality of measurement gap configurations to a user equipment (UE) via upper layer signaling; transmitting identification information of a default measurement gap configuration to the UE via lower layer signaling; transmitting activation of a first measurement gap configuration among the plurality of measurement gap configurations to the UE via the lower layer signaling; refraining from transmitting data to the UE during a measurement gap specified by the first measurement gap configuration; and a method comprising:

9. a memory; at least one transceiver; at least one processor communicatively coupled to the memory and the at least one transceiver, wherein the at least one processor: receives a plurality of measurement gap configurations from a serving base station via upper layer signaling via the at least one transceiver; operates according to a default measurement gap configuration, wherein identification information of the default measurement gap configuration is received from the serving base station via lower layer signaling; receives activation of a first measurement gap configuration among the plurality of measurement gap configurations from the serving base station via the lower layer signaling via the at least one transceiver; During the measurement gap specified by the first measurement gap configuration, performing one or more measurements of one or more non-serving base stations A user equipment (UE) configured to perform the above. **Claim 10** A base station, comprising means for transmitting a plurality of measurement gap configurations to a user equipment (UE) via upper layer signaling; means for transmitting identification information of a default measurement gap configuration to the UE via lower layer signaling; means for transmitting activation of a first measurement gap configuration among the plurality of measurement gap configurations to the UE via the lower layer signaling; means for refraining from transmitting data to the UE during the measurement gap specified by the first measurement gap configuration A base station comprising the above. **Claim 11** A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing computer-executable instructions, which, when executed by a user equipment (UE), cause the UE to receive a plurality of measurement gap configurations from a serving base station via upper layer signaling; operate according to a default measurement gap configuration, where identification information of the default measurement gap configuration is received from the serving base station via lower layer signaling; receive activation of a first measurement gap configuration among the plurality of measurement gap configurations from the serving base station via the lower layer signaling; perform one or more measurements of one or more non-serving base stations during the measurement gap specified by the first measurement gap configuration A non-transitory computer-readable medium that causes the above to be performed.

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