Multi-functional scale, scale device set for configuring a scale device equipped with this multi-functional scale, and work method such as surveying and land leveling using the scale device set

Abstract

To provide a level rod which facilitates the surveying work, can perform the ground leveling work at a required level immediately after the surveying and significantly reduce a cost of the surveying and ground leveling work.SOLUTION: A level rod used in surveying comprises: a long level rod body 10; a main scale part 100 which is attached to one side edge of a surface of the level rod body 10; a first sub scale part 101 which is attached to the other side edge correspondingly to the main scale part 100 and has a strip-shaped scale formed in the width of a plurality of scales of the main scale part 100; and a zone 106 which is partitioned for each scales in the main scale part 100 and the first sub scale part 101 and in which each partitioned portion is sectioned in an identifiable manner. Scales 100a, 101a of the main scale part 100 and the first sub scale part 101 are allocated such that the upper side is negative and the lower side is positive with a reference mark 106 set in the middle in the longitudinal direction of the level rod body 10 as the starting point.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a multifunctional leveling rod that can be used for leveling measurement, measuring the inclination angle of an inclined plane, and measuring distance, a leveling device set for configuring a leveling device including the multifunctional leveling rod, and a surveying and land leveling operation method using the leveling device set.

Background Art

[0002] In leveling measurement for measuring the elevation difference of the land, a surveying assistant vertically holds a leveling rod at the surveying point, and a surveyor looks through a telescope horizontally set at a point at a certain distance and reads the scale of the leveling rod that intersects the line of sight of the telescope to record the level of the surveying point (see, for example, Patent Document 1). Then, based on the level of each recorded surveying point and the level of a preset reference surveying point, the elevation difference of each surveying point with respect to the reference surveying point is calculated, and based on the obtained elevation difference, it is determined how much excavation and earth filling should be done for each of the plurality of surveying points, and land leveling work and the like are performed with civil engineering and construction machinery (working machinery) such as bulldozers and excavator trucks.

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0003]

Patent Document 1

Disclosure of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0004] By the way, the leveling rod is provided with a scale for reading the level, and the surveyor reads the scale of the leveling rod that intersects the line of sight through the telescope. However, for example, when surveying a large area of land, there is a problem that the scale of the leveling rod becomes more difficult to read as the surveying point is farther away. In addition, when there are a large number of survey points, the survey data is taken back for calculation, and after calculating the elevation difference of each survey point relative to the reference survey point, the leveling work is carried out. However, calculation errors are likely to occur, and there is a great deal of time waste. There is a desire to accurately obtain the elevation difference of each survey point on the spot where the survey is conducted and immediately start the leveling work or the like.

[0005] The present invention solves these problems, simplifies the survey work, shortens the survey time, and enables leveling work or the like to be carried out at the level immediately required after the survey, and can greatly reduce the costs of surveying, leveling work, etc. It is an object of the present invention to provide a multifunctional leveling rod, a compact and easily portable leveling rod device set that can constitute a leveling rod device capable of coping with any site for surveying, leveling, etc. by variously replacing adapters, and a working method for surveying, leveling, etc. using the leveling rod device set.

Means for Solving the Problems

[0006] The multifunctional leveling rod of the present invention for solving the above problems is, as described in claim 1, a leveling rod used during surveying, and is a long Prismatic leveling rod body, a main scale portion having a scale composed of dimensions or marks attached along one side edge on the surface of the leveling rod body, and a first sub-scale portion attached to the other side edge of the surface so as to correspond to the main scale portion and having a strip-shaped scale formed in a width corresponding to a plurality of scales of the main scale portion. A second secondary scale portion provided on at least one side surface of the scale body adjacent to the surface, having a scale starting from the lower end of the scale body; and a third secondary scale portion provided on another side surface of the scale body, having a scale starting from the lower end of the scale body. It has zones partitioned for each pair of scales in the main scale portion and the first sub-scale portion, and each partitioned portion is distinguishable. The scales of the main scale portion and the first sub-scale portion are distributed so as to be distinguishable with the reference mark set in the middle of the longitudinal direction of the leveling rod body as the starting point, with the scales above this starting point having a negative sign and the scales below having a positive sign. and the scale of the third secondary scale portion is made continuous with the scale of the second secondary scale portion It is configured as such.

[0007] As described in claim 2 Another scale different from the main scale portion or the first sub-scale portion may be provided on a surface of the scale body other than the surface. As described in claim 3 As such, the The main scale portion, the first sub-scale portion, or the zone may be provided on one or more surfaces of the scale body. The term "identifiable" includes not only the cases of attaching "+" or "-" signs, but also cases of changing the form of scales or numbers, color-coding, etc. The term "reference mark" refers to all marks serving as a reference such as scales, and includes marks, lines, numbers (e.g., "0") having a predetermined shape, etc. Moreover, "making the scale of the third secondary scale portion continuous with the scale of the second secondary scale portion" means, for example, when the scale of the second secondary scale portion is 50 to 100, setting the scale of the third secondary scale portion to 0 to 50 or 100 to 150.

[0008] Also, as described in claim 4, a zone number may be attached to the zone, and the zone number above the reference mark may be negative, and the zone number below the reference mark may be positive. As described in claim 5, the zone including the reference mark may have an equal width above and below the reference mark centered on the reference mark. By doing so, for example, in the case of a small height difference in leveling, just by looking at this zone, it can be determined at a glance that the height difference is within a certain range (e.g., within ±50 mm).

[0009] Also, when attaching a zone number to the zone, as described in claim 6, the length of the zone number may be set to 1 / 2 of the length of the zone, and the upper end or the lower end of the zone number may be made to coincide with the upper end or the lower end of the zone, or the center in the length direction of the zone number may be made to coincide with the middle in the length direction of the zone. By doing so, it becomes possible to use the zone number as an auxiliary scale.

[0010] The shape of the scale of the strip-shaped first secondary scale portion is , It may be rectangular or square, but as described in claim 7 It may be a stepped scale A having a step in the middle. Also, as described in claim 8 It may further have a scale B formed at an intermediate position in the blank between the two scales A and smaller than the blank.

[0011] By configuring the scale of the present invention as described above, it is possible to easily read the level indicated on the scale even from a distance. In addition, it is less likely to cause misreading of plus or minus, that is, misreading of the height with respect to the measurement point of the reference point, and it is possible to visually read the height difference and no calculation error due to complicated calculation occurs.

[0012] A scale device set for configuring a scale device including the multifunctional scale configured as described above is set forth in claim 9 As described in, a scale device set for configuring a scale device including the multifunctional scale described in any of the above, a scale holding member detachably attached to an end portion or an intermediate portion of the multifunctional scale, and an adapter including a pan head, a clamp, a pedestal, a ball head bracket, a multi-joint arm or a joint detachably attached to the scale holding member, wherein the scale holding member is attached to the end portion or the intermediate portion of the multifunctional scale, and one or a plurality of adapters are selected from the plurality of adapters according to the measurement mode to configure the scale device.

[0013] Claim 10 As described in, it may include legs that are detachably attached to the scale holding member via the adapter and that can freely adjust the posture and / or height of the multifunctional scale to which the scale holding member is attached.

[0014] Claim 11 As described in, it may include a roller support that is detachably attached to the scale holding member via the adapter and that can move the multifunctional scale to which the scale holding member is attached.

[0015] Claim 12 As described in, as the adapter, a pan head for attaching a camera, a telescope, etc. to the legs can be used. The pan head is the scale holding part material It may be a single-axis head, a two-axis head, or a three-axis head that is rotatably supported in a single-axis direction, a two-axis direction, or a three-axis direction, or the scale holding part material It may also be a free head that is swingably supported in multiple directions. Claim 13 As described in the claim, the adapter may be configured to include a magnet and be attached to the part to be attached by the magnet.

[0016] According to the scale device set of the present invention, according to the aspect of the survey point, by selecting the optimal adapter or attaching a tripod, a monopod, or a roller support using the adapter, the height difference between other survey points and the reference survey point can be obtained directly and accurately without complicated calculations, and earthwork operations can be immediately started using construction machinery (working machinery) such as a shovel car. In addition, by making the scale holding member for attaching the scale detachable and replaceable with respect to the adapter, the tripod, the monopod, and the roller support, the multifunctional scale can be freely replaced among them. By making a set of a leg, a roller support, and a variety of adapters for one multifunctional scale, the price-to-cost efficiency of the scale device can be improved.

[0017] By using the various adapters described above, the degree of freedom in adjusting the posture and height of the multifunctional scale can be increased. In addition, even if there are obstacles such as pipes, wiring, and bolts, for example, it becomes possible to avoid these obstacles using a multi-joint arm and support the multifunctional scale, and the degree of freedom of the attachment target for attaching the multifunctional scale can also be improved.

[0018] Thus, the multifunctional scale of the present invention can extremely increase the degree of freedom of the attachment target. For example, as described in the claim 14 A part of a bulldozer, an earth discharge plate of a shovel car, an arm and a boom of a shovel car, a bucket, a truck, or other moving bodies can be used as the part to be attached. The mobile body is not limited to the bulldozer, shovel car, or truck (including light trucks) described above, and vehicles (mobile bodies) such as private cars, bicycles, or motorcycles can also be used. It is also possible to move these mobile bodies from the reference survey point to each survey point to perform surveys simply and quickly. The surveying and land leveling methods using the above-described scale device set are as claimed in 15 As described in, when performing surveys by an operator, the scale is attached to a monopod, tripod, or roller support, and when performing surveying work by a work machine including a shovel car, the scale is attached to the work machine via the adapter.

[0019] Also, by attaching the scale device with the above configuration to such a mobile body, it becomes possible to perform land leveling with a preset height difference with respect to the reference survey point. Furthermore, when the reference survey point has been determined in advance (for example, the road surface or the boundary block of the property line), it is possible to simultaneously perform surveying and land leveling work to determine how much excavation, embankment, etc. should be performed with respect to this reference survey point.

[0020] The present invention is also applicable to surveying and land leveling using a laser oscillator and a laser receiver. In this case, as described in 16 Using the scale device set, the laser oscillator, and the laser receiver, the laser receiver is attached to the scale at the height position where the laser light is received with the direction of the scale facing the laser oscillator side. Also, in the surveying and land leveling work method described in 16 as claimed in, the laser receiver is moved to the position of the scale graduation corresponding to the height difference (including all forms having a height difference such as steps and gradients) of the ground to be leveled obtained by the surveying, and the land leveling work is performed up to the height position where the laser light is received again. 17

Best Mode for Carrying Out the Invention

[0021] [Scale] [First Embodiment]​ Hereinafter, a preferred first embodiment of the scale of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3. FIG. 1 is a view showing the surface and left and right side surfaces of the scale body of a first embodiment of a multifunctional scale (hereinafter referred to as "scale") of the present invention, FIG. 2(a) is a left perspective view of the scale, and FIG. 2(b) is a right perspective view. The scale 1 of the first embodiment is composed of a quadrangular prism-shaped scale body 10 and an L-shaped metal fitting 11 (see FIG. 2) as a scale holding member attached to the lower end, or both the upper end and the lower end of the scale body 10. The scale body 10 is preferably formed of a lightweight and corrosion-resistant metal such as aluminum or a resin such as ABS resin. In this embodiment, the length of the scale body 10 is about 50 cm. On the left side of the surface (front surface) of the scale body 10, a main scale portion 100 with linear scales 100a at 1 mm intervals along its side edge is provided. And numbers indicating 1 cm, 2 cm, 3 cm... are attached every 10 mm, and the surrounding portions of the numbers are colored every 10 cm to be easily distinguishable.

[0022] On the right side of the surface of the scale body 10, a first sub-scale portion 101 for assisting in reading the scale 100a of the main scale portion 100 is provided. This first sub-scale portion 101 has strip-shaped scales 101a with a width of 5 mm at 5 mm intervals corresponding to the scales 100a of the main scale portion 100. These strip-shaped scales 101a are arranged in the upper half on the minus (-) side above the reference mark 105 described later in FIG. 2 and in the lower half on the plus (+) side below in the 1 cm width of the scale 100a of the main scale portion 100. And for example, if the sight line of a telescope intersects the strip-shaped scale 101a on the minus side, it can be immediately judged that it is above the middle of the 1 cm width, and if it intersects the blank portion below the strip-shaped scale 101a, it can be immediately judged that it is below the middle of the 1 cm width. Also, even when the scale 100a of the main scale portion 100 cannot be visually recognized, the value can be read from the intersecting position. Note that the strip-shaped scales 101a are provided symmetrically above and below with the reference 0 at the center of the scale as a boundary as shown in the figure.

[0023] Also, at the center in the longitudinal direction on the surface of the scale body 10, reference marks 105 in the shape of upper and lower triangles are provided at the positions of the starting points 0 of the graduations 100a and 101a in the main graduation part 100 and the first sub-graduation part 101. In the main graduation part 100, graduations 100a are provided with the upper side from the reference mark 105 being minus (-) and the lower side being plus (+). As shown in the drawing, by color-coding each side, for example, the minus (-) side being red and the plus (+) side being black, it becomes easier to distinguish. Also, the upper and lower triangles forming the reference mark 105 may be color-coded with the upper side being red and the lower side being black.

[0024] Furthermore, every 10 cm of the graduation 100a is divided into zones 106, and by painting adjacent zones 106 with different colors, it is made easier to identify the zones 106 when visually recognized. For each of the divided zones 106, zones 106 above the reference mark 105 are marked with a minus sign and large zone numbers 106a such as -1, -2, ··· are attached, and zones 106 below the reference mark 105 are marked with a plus sign and large zone numbers 106a such as +1, +2, ··· are attached. In the example shown in the drawing, the zones 106 with zone numbers 106a of -1, -2, ···, +1, +2, ··· are painted yellow and the rest are painted white. These zone numbers can immediately determine whether the height of the survey point is higher (plus sign) or lower (minus sign) than the reference survey point from the zone number 106a of the zone 106 where the line of sight is located when viewing the scale 1 through a telescope, and it becomes possible to easily determine how much higher or lower it is from the zone number 106a.

[0025] In this embodiment, the length of zone number 106a (the vertical length in the figure) is set to be 1 / 2 of the length of each zone 106 (the same). In the illustrated example, for a zone 106 with a length of 10 cm, the length of zone number 106a is exactly 5 cm. And as shown in the figure, in the case of the negative zone number 106a, its lower end is made to coincide with the lower end of the zone 106 to which the zone number 106a belongs, and in the case of the positive zone number 106a, its upper end is made to coincide with the upper end of the zone 106 to which the zone number 106a belongs. By doing so, the approximate position of the line of sight can be grasped using zone number 106a as a reference.

[0026] Also, the zone 106 with the zone number 106a of "-1" is set to -5 cm to -15 cm, the zone 106 with the zone number 106a of "+1" is set to +5 cm to +15 cm, and the zone from +5 cm to -5 cm centered on the reference mark 105 is made white (or yellow). This not only makes it easier to distinguish the height difference within the range of ±5 cm, but also when, for example, attaching the scale 1 to the arm of a work machine such as an excavator using the adapter described later shown in FIG. 9B and performing leveling work etc., it becomes easier to perform rough leveling etc. within the range of ±5 cm. In this way, on the surface of the scale body 10, there are provided a main scale portion 100, a first sub-scale portion 101, and a zone 106 for leveling measurement that can immediately determine whether other measurement points are higher or lower than the reference measurement point and the height difference therebetween.

[0027] FIG. 3 shows an example of the scale image in the visual field V when looking at the scale 1 through a telescope. For example, when the line of sight of the telescope is at the position I in FIG. 3, since it is slightly above the number "-1" of zone number 106a, it can be immediately determined from the sign that the measurement point is lower than the reference measurement point and that its dimension is approximately 10 to 11 cm.

[0028] Also, since it is slightly above the number "-1" of zone number 106a and approximately in the middle of the two graduations 101a of the first auxiliary graduation section 101, even if the graduation 100a of the main graduation section 100 cannot be visually recognized, the position indicated by the line of sight can be accurately read as -10.3 cm (10.3 cm lower than the reference measurement point). Thus, the zone number 106a of this embodiment not only indicates which zone 106 it is counting from the reference mark 105 (see FIGS. 1 and 2), but also functions as an auxiliary graduation that aids in reading the graduations 101a of the first auxiliary graduation section 101.

[0029] In the above description, the lower end of zone number 106a is made to coincide with the lower end of zone 106, but the upper end of zone number 106a may be made to coincide with the upper end of zone 106, or the center in the length direction of zone number 106a may be made to coincide with the center in the length direction of zone 106.

[0030] A second auxiliary graduation section 102 is provided on one side surface (the left side in FIG. 1) of the scale body 10, and a third auxiliary graduation section 103 is provided on the other side surface (the right side in FIG. 1). In the illustrated example, similar to the main graduation section 100, graduations 102a and 103a are formed in 1 mm units in the second auxiliary graduation section 102 and the third auxiliary graduation section 103, numbers indicating 1 cm, 2 cm, 3 cm ··· are attached every 10 mm, and the numbers every 10 cm are colored in a prominent color such as red or black for easy identification.

[0031] In the second sub-scale portion 102 and the third sub-scale portion 103, the difference from the main scale portion 100 is that, while the scale 100a is divided and assigned with plus and minus signs vertically with the reference mark 105 provided at the center of the scale body 10 as the starting point (0) in the main scale portion 100, the second sub-scale portion 102 has the starting point at the lower end of the scale body 10. And in the second sub-scale portion 102 and the third sub-scale portion 103, the starting point of the second sub-scale portion 102 is 100 cm, the starting point of the third sub-scale portion 103 is 50 cm, and the scales 102a, 103a indicating dimensions above the starting point are formed at 1 mm intervals. The second sub-scale portion 102 and the third sub-scale portion 103 attached to the side surface of the scale body 10 are mainly used to actually measure how high the line of sight is located from the ground at each measurement point.

[0032] The main scale portion 100 and the first sub-scale portion 101 are effective when the height difference between the measurement point and the reference measurement point is within plus or minus several tens of cm. In the illustrated example, a scale 1 capable of measuring up to plus or minus 25 cm as the height difference is shown. For the minus side, by attaching a tripod 14 or a monopod 15 having a later-described length-adjustable leg shown in FIG. 9A(c) at the lower end of the scale 1, it becomes possible to measure a measurement point that is 25 cm or more lower than the reference measurement point. For example, by setting the length of the leg to 25 cm, it becomes possible to measure up to minus 50 cm. If the leg whose leg length can be adjusted step by step to 25 cm, 50 cm, 75 cm, ···, 175 cm is attached, it becomes possible to measure minus 50 cm, 75 cm, 100 cm ···, and it becomes possible to measure up to minus 2 m at most.

[0033] As described above, the main scale portion 100 and the first sub-scale portion 101 are mainly for leveling measurement to measure the height difference between the measurement point and the reference measurement point, and the second sub-scale portion 102 and the third sub-scale portion 103 are for actual measurement to actually measure how high the line of sight of the telescope is from the ground of the measurement point. For example, when performing actual measurement of a measurement point using the second secondary scale portion 102, since the scale 102a at the lower end of the scale 1 is "100 cm", the leg lengths of the tripod 14 and the monopod 15, which will be described later and shown in Fig. 9A(c), are adjusted so that the position of the scale 102a at this lower end is exactly 100 cm above the ground. When looking at the scale 1 through the telescope, if the scale 102a where the line of sight intersects the second secondary scale portion 102 is read as it is, the number will be the actual measured value of the measurement point. When performing actual measurement of a measurement point using the third secondary scale portion 103, the leg lengths of the tripod 14 and the monopod 15, which will be described later and shown in Fig. 9A(c), are adjusted so that the position of the scale 103a at the lower end is exactly 50 cm above the ground.

[0034] Thus, by using the scale 1 of the first embodiment, actual measurement from 50 cm to 200 cm can be performed using the second secondary scale portion 102 and the third secondary scale portion 103. If the lower end of the scale 1 is brought into direct contact with the ground without using the tripod 14 and the monopod 15, which will be described later and shown in Fig. 9A(c), actual measurement from 0 cm to 50 cm can be performed using the scale 100a of the main scale portion 100. Therefore, when combined with a tripod 14 or a monopod 15 whose leg length can be adjusted up to 50 cm, a single scale 1 with a length of about 50 cm enables leveling within a range of ±100 cm and actual measurement within a range of 0 cm to 200 cm. Of course, leveling can also be performed using the second secondary scale portion 102 and the third secondary scale portion 103 for actual measurement. In this case, the height difference between each measurement point with respect to the reference measurement point can be obtained from the difference between the actual measured value of the reference measurement point read from the intersection of the second secondary scale portion 102 or the third secondary scale portion 103 and the line of sight and the actual measured value of the measurement point.

[0035] [Second Embodiment of the Scale] Next, a second embodiment of the scale of the present invention will be described with reference to Figs. 4 to 6. Fig. 4 is a front view of the surface of the scale body according to the second embodiment of the scale of the present invention, Fig. 5(a) is a left perspective view of the scale, and Fig. 5(b) is a right perspective view. The basic configuration of the scale 2 in this embodiment is the same as that of the scale 1 in the previous embodiment. However, the main scale portion 200 and the first sub-scale portion 201 formed on the scale body 20 are different from the main scale portion 100 and the first sub-scale portion 101 in the previous embodiment. For other members and parts, such as the second sub-scale portion 202 and its scale 202a, the third sub-scale portion 203 and its scale 203a, the zone 206 and the zone number 206a, etc., which are the same as the second sub-scale portion 102 and its scale 102a, the third sub-scale portion 103 and its scale 103a, the zone 106 and the zone number 106a in the first embodiment, the detailed description shall refer to the description of the first embodiment.

[0036] On the main scale portion 200 formed on the left side of the surface of the scale body 20 in the second embodiment, scale marks 200a are formed in units of 1 mm in the same manner as the scale 10 in the first embodiment, and numbers indicating 1 cm, 2 cm, 3 cm, etc. are attached every 10 mm. However, in this second embodiment, it is different from the scale body 10 in the previous embodiment in that block marks 200b filled with a width of 5 mm are formed. In the illustrated example, block marks 200b filled with a width of 5 mm are formed from the middle position of the 1 cm-wide scale mark 200a (for example, at the position of -4.5 cm in the middle between -4 cm and -5 cm) to the upper end of the 1 cm-wide scale mark (at the position of -5 cm). The block marks 200b are provided symmetrically above and below with the reference 0 (the line of the "0" scale mark, which is the "reference mark" (indicated by the reference numeral 205) in the center of the scale) as the boundary.

[0037] Note that the block marks 200b may be formed by painting the whole to make the scale marks 200a invisible. However, as in the illustrated example, it is preferable to form them by protruding a part of the scale marks 200a so that they can be visible from the block marks 200b. Also, the block marks 200b may be formed in a rectangular or square shape, but it is better to be in a trapezoidal or triangular shape as shown in the figure. In this case, they are also provided symmetrically above and below with the reference 0 in the center of the scale as the boundary. By adopting such a shape, even when only a part of the block mark 200b can be visually recognized when the scale 2 is viewed through a telescope from a distance, it is possible to immediately determine whether the scale 200a is directed in the negative direction or the positive direction from the shape of the block mark 200b.

[0038] In addition, the first auxiliary scale portion 201 formed on the right side of the surface of the scale body 20 is provided with a stepped scale A201a arranged at intervals of 10 mm and filled with a width of 10 mm. This stepped scale A201a has a step formed at the intermediate position (the position 5 mm from the lower end of the filling), and even if the scale 200a of the main scale portion 200 cannot be visually recognized, the position of the line of sight can be read using this step as a reference. Furthermore, in this embodiment, between the two upper and lower scales A201a, 201a, a scale B201b filled in a rectangular shape extending upward or downward (downward in the illustrated example) from the intermediate position thereof is formed. The vertical width of the scale B201b is preferably 2 mm or 3 mm. By doing so, the width of the blank above the scale B201b can be 5 mm, and the width of the blank below the same can be 3 mm or 2 mm. Even if the scale 200a of the main scale portion 200 cannot be visually recognized, the position indicated by the line of sight can be read using these as references.

[0039] FIG. 6(a) is a figure corresponding to FIG. 3 of the previous embodiment. Similar to the first embodiment, even when the scale 200a of the main scale portion 200 cannot be deciphered, the position of the line of sight can be read using the block mark 200b of the main scale portion 200, the scale A201a of the first auxiliary scale portion 201, and the scale B201b. Particularly in the scale 2 of this embodiment, even when the distance between the telescope and the scale 2 is far and only a small scale image can be obtained in the visual field V of the telescope as shown in FIG. 6(b), the position of the line of sight can be read from the block mark 200b, the scale A201a, the scale B201b, the zone 206, and the zone number 206a, etc. of the scale image that can be visually recognized within the visual field V. In addition, in the scale 2 of this embodiment as well, the second sub-scale portion 202 and the third sub-scale portion 203 are formed in the same manner as the scale 1 of the first embodiment, and their functions are also the same as those of the first embodiment.

[0040] [Third Embodiment of Scale] FIG. 7 is a development view showing a surface and both side surfaces of a part of a scale 3 of a third embodiment obtained by deforming a part of the scale 2 of the second embodiment. FIG. 8(a) is a perspective view of the scale 3 of this embodiment as viewed from the left side, and FIG. 8(b) is a perspective view as viewed from the right side. Note that since the zone 306, the zone number 306a, etc. are the same as the zone 106 and the zone number 106a of the first embodiment, the detailed description shall refer to the description of the first embodiment. Also, for the main scale portion 300 and its scale 300a, the block mark 300b, the scales A301a and B301b of the first sub-scale portion 301, since they are the same as the main scale portion 200 and its scale 200a, the block mark 200b, the scales A201a and B201b of the first sub-scale portion 201 of the second embodiment, the detailed description shall refer to the description of the second embodiment. Further, the reference numeral 305 is the reference 0 (the line of the "0" scale) at the center of the scale, which is the "reference mark" in this embodiment. The difference between the scale 3 of the third embodiment and the scale 2 of the second embodiment is that a known target mark T for optical measurement is formed on the surface of the scale body 30. This target mark T is composed of a plurality of concentric circles with different diameters, and is arranged such that the center of the concentric circles is located at the position of the starting point 0 of the scale 300a.

[0041] Also, on the scale 302a of the second secondary scale portion 302 formed on one side surface, the numbers obtained by subtracting 100 cm from the numbers (···110, 120, 130, ···) of the scale 302a painted in color every 10 cm (···10, 20, 30, ···) are written in parentheses below the said numbers. In the scale 3 of the illustrated example, the starting point of the scale 302a of the second secondary scale portion 302 is 100(0). The (0) in parentheses is the case where the scale 3 is directly grounded at the measurement point without using the tripod 14 or the monopod 15, and the starting point "100" is the case where the tripod 14 or the monopod 15 is used and the leg length is set to 100 cm.

[0042] Furthermore, on the scale 303a of the third secondary scale portion 303 formed on the other side surface, the numbers obtained by adding 100 cm to the numbers (···60, 70, 80, ···) of the scale 303a painted in color around every 10 cm (···160, 170, 180, ···) are written in parentheses below the said numbers. In the scale 3 of the illustrated example, the starting point of the scale 303a of the third secondary scale portion 303 is 50(150). 50(150) is the case where the tripod 14 or the monopod 15 is used and the leg length is set to 50 cm (150 cm).

[0043] In the scales 1 and 2 of the first embodiment and the second embodiment, in addition to being able to perform actual measurements from 0 to 50 cm with the scales 1 and 2 alone, as described above, by attaching the tripod 14 or the monopod 15 adjusted to a leg length of 150 cm, 100 cm, or 50 cm to the lower ends of the scales 1 and 2 as needed, actual measurements from 50 cm to 200 cm can be performed, and actual measurements from 0 cm to 200 cm can be performed with a single scale 1 or 2. However, in this case, for example, when using the tripod 14 or the monopod 15 with a leg length of 150 cm, calculations of adding 100 cm to the read scales 103a and 203a of the third secondary scales 103 and 203 must be performed. That is, when using the tripod 14 or the monopod 15 with a leg length of 150 cm, the scales 103a and 203a of the third secondary scale portions 103 and 203 must be read as 150, 160, 170 ··· in order from the lower end.

[0044] Similarly, when grounding the scales 1 and 2 on the ground without using the tripod 14 or the single leg 15 and performing actual measurements using the second secondary scale portion 102, calculations must be made to subtract 100 cm from the scales 102a and 202a of the second secondary scale portions 102 and 202. That is, when the lower ends of the scales 1 and 2 are grounded without using the tripod 14 or the single leg 15, the scales 102a and 202a of the second secondary scale portions 102 and 202 must be re-read as 0, 10, 20, ··· in order from the lower end. Such calculations are troublesome and prone to problems such as calculation errors and omission of re-reading. Therefore, in the scale 3 of the third embodiment, by providing the numbers in parentheses, such troublesome matters are eliminated, and the actual measurement of the measurement point can be performed simply by directly reading the scale 302a of the second secondary scale portion 302 and the scale 303a of the third secondary scale portion 303 within the range of 0 cm to 200 cm.

[0045] [Scale device set] Next, an embodiment of the scale device set of the present invention for constructing a scale device will be described with reference to FIGS. 9A, B and FIGS. 10A, B, C. In the following description, only the scale 1 of the first embodiment will be described, but the same applies to the scale 2 of the second embodiment and the scale 3 of the third embodiment, so detailed description will be omitted. FIGS. 9A and B are diagrams for explaining the constituent members included in the scale device set of the present invention. As shown in FIGS. 9A(a)(i) and (b), the L-shaped metal fittings 11 are attached to the lower end or both the upper and lower ends of the scale body 10 to form the scale 1.

[0046] The L-shaped metal fitting 11, which is a scale holding member, can be detachably attached to the back surface of the scale body 10 on which no graduations 100a, 101a, etc. are formed, using bolts or the like. At least one screw hole 11a into which the screw portion of the adapter or a bolt can be screwed is formed in one surface of the L-shaped metal fitting 11 along the back of the scale body 10, or on the upper or lower surface bent in an L-shape. By using this screw hole 11a, adapters such as the pedestals 120 to 122, pan / tilt heads 126 to 130, ball head brackets 131, and articulated arms 132 having the screw portion shown in Fig. 9B can be attached to the L-shaped metal fitting 11. Also, if a bolt is used, the joint 134 shown in Fig. 9B can also be attached to the L-shaped metal fitting 11. Note that the clamp 124 shown in Fig. 9B can be attached to the L-shaped metal fitting 11 by clamping, and the clamp 125 can be attached to the L-shaped metal fitting 11 by fitting. Note that, as shown in Fig. 9A(a)(ii), by making the cross-sectional shape of the L-shaped metal fitting 11 grooved, it becomes possible to fit the clamp 125 having a later-described mountain-shaped fitting projection into the L-shaped metal fitting 11.

[0047] In the scale device of the present invention, the scale 1 with the L-shaped metal fitting 11 attached to the lower end or both the upper and lower ends of the scale body 10 is the minimum unit, and the scale 1 can be directly used as a scale device for leveling measurement or actual measurement. Further, by appropriately combining support members such as various legs and roller supports as shown in Fig. 9A(c) and various adapters as shown in Fig. 9B, various scale devices can be configured.

[0048] As shown in Fig. 9A(c), the scale 1 can be attached and supported by a support member such as a tripod 14 (Fig. 9A(c)(i)), a single leg 15 (Fig. 9A(c)(ii)), or a roller support 16 (Fig. 9A(c)(iii)). The tripod 14 includes three legs 14d with adjustable leg lengths, and a height adjustment screw shaft 14c screwed into the screw hole of the base 14b. Various adapters (for example, pan / tilt heads 126, 127, etc.) as shown in Fig. 9B are attached to the screw portion 14a at the top of this height adjustment screw shaft 14c, and the scale 1 is attached via this adapter so that its height position can be adjusted. One leg 15 has a threaded portion 15a at its top, to which the scale 1 is attached via an adapter (such as clamps 124, 125, etc. described later as shown in Fig. 9B), and has a single adjustable leg length leg 15b. At the lower end of the leg 15b, a pointed tip member 15c that can be in point contact with the ground at each survey point is detachably attached.

[0049] As the above-described tripod 14 and single leg 15, for example, those commercially available for cameras can be used. Also, in the above-described tripod 14 and single leg 15, the scale 1 may be directly attached to the top of the height adjustment screw shaft 14c or the top of the single leg 15 without using the adapter. The roller support 16 has three or four rotatable wheels 16a attached to the main body portion 16b, and the scale 1 is attached to the main body portion 16b via an adapter (such as pedestals 120, 122, clamps 124, 125, pan heads 126, 127, etc. described later as shown in Fig. 9B) (see Fig. 10A(c)). Although not particularly shown, it is also possible to directly attach the scale 1 to the main body portion 16b without using the adapter. Also, the single leg 15 may be attached via the above-described adapter, and the scale 1 may be attached to the top of this single leg 15 (see Fig. 10A(d)).

[0050] Fig. 9B shows an example of an adapter for attaching the scale 1 to the tripod 14, single leg 15, roller support 16, and attachment portions of moving bodies such as arms or booms of a spoil board, excavator, and vehicles. Figs. 9B(i)(ii)(iii) are pedestals 120, 121, 122 attached to the L-shaped fitting 11 of the scale 1. By screwing the threaded portions 120a, 121a, 122a protruding from the upper surfaces of the pedestals 120, 121, 122 into the threaded holes 11a formed on one surface of the L-shaped fitting 11 (see Figs. 9(A)(a)(b)), the pedestals 120, 121, 122 can be directly attached to the L-shaped fitting 11. The pedestals 120, 121, 122 may be rectangular or circular in plan view. The pedestal 121 is a magnetic pedestal formed of a magnet. As the magnet, a neodymium magnet having a strong magnetic attraction force may be used. It is also possible to attach the magnetic pedestal 121 to the bottoms of the pedestals 120 and 122.

[0051] The pedestal 122 is a grooved pedestal with a V-groove formed on its side surface. When the pedestal 122 is rectangular in plan view, the V-grooves may be formed on both of its side surfaces, and when it is circular in shape, the V-groove may be formed on its circumferential side surface. By simply inserting the V-groove into a member or a part formed with a V-shaped protrusion that can be fitted with the V-groove, the grooved pedestal 122 can be easily attached to and detached from the member or the part. Although not particularly shown, the pedestal 122 may be a pedestal with a V-shaped protrusion formed on its side surface. In this case, a V-groove that can be fitted with the V-shaped protrusion may be provided on the member or the part. Figures 9B(iv)(v) show the clamps 124 and 125 attached to the L-shaped metal fitting 11 of the scale 1. The clamp 124 in Figure 9B(iv) has a fitting groove 124a into which the pedestal 120, the L-shaped metal fitting 11, etc. in Figure 9B(i) can be fitted, and the clamp 124 can be attached to the pedestal 120 or the L-shaped metal fitting 11 by tightening the fastening screw 124b.

[0052] The clamp 125 in Figure 9B(v) is provided with a fitting groove 125a formed with a V-shaped protrusion that can fit a member having a V-groove such as the grooved pedestal 122, and can easily attach and detach a member having a V-groove such as the grooved pedestal 122. A fastening screw similar to the fastening screw 124b of the clamp 124 may be provided for fixing. Figures 9B(vi)(vii)(viii)(ix) show the pan-tilts 126, 127, 128, 129 that can be attached to the tripod 14, the single leg 15, and the roller support 16 in Figures 9A(c)(i)(ii)(iii). The pan-tilt in Figure 9B(vi) is a free pan-tilt 126 that can swing the pedestal 126b in multiple axial directions by a ball and can rotate the pedestal 126b around an axis by a rotating base 126c. The pan-tilt head in Fig. 9B (vii) is a three-axis pan-tilt head 127 that can rotate the pedestal 127b in two orthogonal axis directions by two orthogonal axes 127d and 127e and can rotate the pedestal 127b around the axis by the rotary base 127c.

[0053] The pan-tilt head in Fig. 9B (viii) is a two-axis pan-tilt head 128 that can rotate the pedestal 128b in one-axis direction by one axis 128d and can rotate the pedestal 128b around the axis by the rotary base 128c. The pan-tilt head in Fig. 9B (ix) is obtained by removing the rotary base 128c from the two-axis pan-tilt head 128 in Fig. 9B (viii), and is a one-axis pan-tilt head 129 that can rotate the pedestal 129b only in one-axis direction by one axis 129d. Fig. 9B (x) shows a pan-tilt head 130 with a folding arm, which has a folding arm 130d attached to the pedestal 130b that can be folded. In this pan-tilt head 130 with a folding arm, the pedestal 130b is rotatable about a hinge 130e for folding the folding arm 130d, and by rotating the folding arm 130d in the unfolding or folding direction, the pedestal 130b can be translated relative to the mounting portion. Therefore, this pan-tilt head 130 with a folding arm is convenient when adjusting the position and orientation of the scale 1 while keeping the height of the scale 1 constant.

[0054] In any of the pan-tilt heads 126, 127, 128, 129, 130 in Fig. 9B (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), screw portions 126a, 127a, 128a, 129a, 130a protruding from the surface are formed on the pedestals 126b, 127b, 128b, 129b, 130b, and other adapters such as clamps 124 and 125 can be attached to these screw portions 126a, 127a, 128a, 129a, 130a. Also, by screwing the screw portions 126a, 127a, 128a, 129a, 130a into screw holes 11a formed on one surface of the L-shaped metal fitting 11, it is possible to directly attach the pan-tilt heads 126, 127, 128, 129, 130 to the scale 1 without using other adapters such as clamps 124 and 125.

[0055] Further, screw holes (not shown) are formed in the bottom surfaces of the pedestals 120 to 122 in FIGS. 9B(i) to (iii), the clamps 124 and 125 in FIGS. 9B(iv) and (v), and the pan heads 126 to 130 in FIGS. 9B(vi) to (x), so that bolts and screw parts can be screwed in.

[0056] FIG. 9B(xi) shows a ball head bracket 131 that can be detachably attached to adapters such as the pedestal 120 in FIG. 9B(i), the clamps 124 and 125 in FIGS. 9B(iv) and (v), and the pan heads 126, 127, 128, 129, and 130 in FIGS. 9B(vi) to (x). In this ball head bracket 131, the swingable screw parts 131a at both ends enable the orientation of adapters such as the pedestal 120, the clamps 124 and 125, and the pan heads 126, 127, 128, 129, and 130 to be adjustably attached to the ball head bracket 131. FIG. 9B(xii) shows a multi-joint arm 132 that can be detachably attached to adapters such as the pedestal 120 in FIG. 9B(i), the clamps 124 and 125 in FIGS. 9B(iv) and (v), and the pan heads 126, 127, 128, 129, and 130 in FIGS. 9B(vi) to (x) via the screw parts 132a at both ends.

[0057] FIG. 9B(xiii) shows a pipe clamp 133 for attaching the ball head bracket 131 in FIG. 9B(xi), the multi-joint arm 132 in FIG. 9B(xii), etc. to members fixed at predetermined positions such as pipes and bars, and round bar-shaped members such as the leg 15b of the single leg 15. A commercially available pipe clamp 133 can be used. Then, by attaching the pipe clamp 133 to one end of the ball head bracket 131, the multi-joint arm 132, etc. via the screw part 131a, the screw part 132a, or a bolt, etc., and clamping it to a pipe or the like with the clamp part 133c, the scale 1 attached to the other end of the ball head bracket 131, the multi-joint arm 132, etc. can be supported, or the single leg 15 with the scale 1 attached can be supported.

[0058] FIG. 9B (xiv) shows a joint 134 in which a threaded hole 134a is formed therethrough. By screwing the threaded portions of the respective adapters in FIG. 9B (for example, threaded portions 120a to 122a, 126a to 132a) into the threaded hole 134a, for example, the pedestal 120, the magnetic pedestal 121, or the pan-tilt heads 126 to 130 can be connected to the ball head bracket 131 or the articulated arm 132. The various adapters shown in FIGS. 9B (i) to (xiv) (pedestals 120 to 122, clamps 124, 125, pan-tilt heads 126 to 130, ball head bracket 131, articulated arm 132, pipe clamp 133, joint 134) are an example of the adapters used in the scale device set of the present invention, and it is also possible to use other forms of adapters.

[0059] The scale 1 in FIG. 9A (b), the tripod 14 in FIG. 9A (c) (i), the single leg 15 in (ii), the roller support 16 in (iii), and the various adapters shown in FIG. 9B (pedestals 120 to 122, clamps 124, 125, pan-tilt heads 126 to 130, ball head bracket 131, articulated arm 132, pipe clamp 133, joint 134, etc.) constitute a scale device set. By appropriately combining these, a wide variety of scale devices can be configured, enabling measurement at any measurement point. Also, since all of these are small and lightweight, and the scale 1 is also a short scale of about 50 cm, they can be compactly stored in a bag or a case, and can be carried to the measurement site and assembled on-site to form the most suitable scale device for the measurement point.

[0060] [Scale device] FIGS. 10A, 10C, and 10D are diagrams showing an example of a scale device that can be formed by the above scale device set. The scale device in FIG. 10A (a) is formed by attaching a free pan-tilt head 126 with a clamp 124 attached to the upper end of the height adjustment screw shaft 14c of the tripod 14 that can be raised and lowered. After fitting the L-shaped metal fitting 11 of the scale 1 into the fitting groove 124a of the clamp 124, the fastening screw 124b is tightened to fix the scale 1 to the clamp 124. In this leveling staff device, the free turntable 126 enables the surface and side surfaces of the leveling staff 1(2,3) to be freely directed in any direction. In addition, by adjusting the length of the legs of the tripod 14 or raising and lowering the height adjustment screw shaft 14c, the height of the leveling staff 1(2,3) can be adjusted.

[0061] The leveling staff device in Fig. 10A(b) has the leveling staff 1 attached to the upper end of a single leg 15 via a clamp 124. A pointed tip member 15c is attached to the lower end of the single leg 15. The height of the leveling staff 1 can be adjusted by changing the length of the single leg 15.

[0062] In the leveling staff devices in Fig. 10A(a)(b), by adjusting the height of the leveling staff 1 with the tripod 14, the height adjustment screw shaft 14c, or the single leg 15, the line of sight of the telescope is made to coincide with the starting point 0. After the leveling staff 1 is swung to a vertical position, leveling measurement or actual measurement is performed. Fig. 10B is a diagram showing an example of another leveling staff device configured by combining a leveling staff and the components in Fig. 9A,B. Fig. 10B(a) shows the leveling staff 1 attached to a roller support 16. The lower end of the leveling staff 1 is clamped by a clamp 124 via an L-shaped mold 11, and by attaching this clamp 124 to the roller support 16 with bolts or the like, the leveling staff 1 can be attached to the roller support 16.

[0063] Fig. 10B(b) shows the leveling staff 1 attached to the roller support 16 via a single leg 15. In this leveling staff device, a grooved pedestal 122 is attached to the lower end of the single leg 15, and this grooved pedestal 122 is fitted and attached to a clamp 125. Further, this clamp 125 is attached to the free turntable 126, and this free turntable 126 is attached to the roller support 16. Additionally, a clamp 124 is attached to the upper end of the single leg 15, and the lower end of the leveling staff 1(2,3) is clamped by this clamp. FIG. 10B(c) shows the scale 1 attached to the roller support 16 via the free swivel base 126. In this example, the L-shaped die 11 at the lower end of the scale 1 has a V-shaped groove as shown in FIG. 9A(a)(ii), and the clamp 125 with a ridge-shaped fitting protrusion can be fitted into the L-shaped metal fitting 11. By attaching the clamp 125 to the L-shaped die 11 at the lower end of the scale 1 and screwing the threaded portion 126a of the free swivel base 126 into the threaded hole (not shown) on the bottom surface of the clamp 125, the free swivel base 126 is attached to the scale 1 via the clamp 125. Then, by attaching the free swivel base 126 to the roller support 16, the scale 1 is attached to the roller support 16. As shown in FIGS. 10B(a), (b), and (c), by attaching the scale 1 to the movable roller support 16, there is an advantage that the scale 1 can be moved from the current measurement point to the next measurement point as it is without changing its posture. The scale device with the scale 1 attached to the roller support 16 is suitable for surveying relatively flat land with small undulations (such as a leveled dirt floor). Also, a scale device equipped with a free swivel base 126 as shown in FIGS. 10B(b) and (c) can be used on an inclined surface.

[0064] FIG. 10C shows a scale device with a configuration suitable for attaching the scale 1 to an attachment portion such as a moving body such as the arm, boom, dump plate, and vehicle of an excavator. The scale device in FIG. 10C(a) has magnetic pedestals 121 attached to the L-shaped metal fittings 11 at both the upper and lower ends of the scale 1. The magnetic pedestal 121 can be directly attached to the L-shaped metal fitting 11 by screwing the threaded portion 121a (see FIG. 9B(ii)) into the threaded hole 11a formed on one surface of the L-shaped metal fitting 11 (see FIG. 9A(a)). However, in this embodiment, in order to ensure a gap for the operator's finger to fit between the scale 1 and the attachment portion, the pedestal 120 is interposed. That is, the threaded portion 121a of the magnetic pedestal 121 (see FIG. 9B(ii)) is screwed into the threaded hole at the bottom of the pedestal 120 to attach the magnetic pedestal 121 to the bottom of the pedestal 120, and the threaded portion 120a of the pedestal 120 (see FIG. 9B(i)) is screwed into the threaded hole 11a of the L-shaped metal fitting 11, so that the magnetic pedestal 121 is attached to the scale 1 via the pedestal 120. In addition, by using a strong magnet such as neodymium as the magnet of the magnetic base 121, even if the arm, boom, discharge plate, vehicle, etc. of the shovel car are moved violently, the scale device will not easily come off or be displaced.

[0065] The scale device in Fig. 10C(b) is a modified example of the scale device in Fig. 10C(a). The screw part 129a of the uniaxial gimbal 129 is attached to the screw holes 11a of the upper and lower L-shaped metal fittings 11 of the scale 1, and the screw part 121a of the magnetic base 121 is screwed into the screw hole formed at the bottom of this uniaxial gimbal 129 for attachment. In the scale device of Fig. 10C(c), a clamp 124 is attached to the upper L-shaped metal fitting 11 of the scale 1, and one end of the ball head bracket 131 is attached to this clamp 124. And a magnetic base 121 is attached to the other end of the ball head bracket 131 via a joint 134. Regarding the lower L-shaped metal fitting 11 of the scale 1, it is the same as the scale device in Fig. 10C(b). When a suitable member for magnetically attaching the magnetic base 121 is located at a place far from the scale 1, this scale device can use the ball head bracket 131 to extend the magnetic base 121 to the member for magnetic attachment.

[0066] Fig. 10C(d) shows that a gimbal 130 with a folding arm is attached to the upper and lower L-shaped metal fittings 11 at both ends of the scale 1, and a magnetic base 121 is attached to the gimbal 130 with a folding arm. The gimbal 130 with a folding arm may directly screw the screw part 130a (see Fig. 9B(x)) into the screw hole 11a (see Fig. 9A) of the L-shaped metal fitting 11 in the same way as the scale device in Fig. 10C(b). However, in this example, a clamp 124 is attached to the L-shaped metal fitting 11, and the gimbal 130 with a folding arm is attached to the L-shaped metal fitting 11 via this clamp 124.

[0067] FIG. 10C(e) shows that a uniaxial turntable 129 is attached to the L-shaped fitting 11 below the scale 1 via a clamp 124, a magnetic base 121 is attached to the uniaxial turntable 129, a clamp 124 is attached to the top of the upper L-shaped fitting 11, and the threaded portion 132a of the multi-joint arm 132 is screwed into the threaded hole formed at the bottom of the clamp 124 for attachment. Further, a magnetic base 121 is attached to the other end of the multi-joint arm 132 via a joint 134. In the scale device of FIGS. 10C(b) to (e) described above, by the action of the uniaxial turntable 129 and the turntable 130 with a folding arm, it is possible to freely change the orientation of the scale 1 without changing the height of the scale 1. Therefore, even if the orientation of a moving body such as the arm, boom, dump plate, or vehicle of an excavator changes with respect to the telescope, the scale 1 can be rotated to face in the direction directly facing the telescope without changing the height of the scale 1. In particular, the scale device of FIG. 10C(d) can not only change the orientation but also perform parallel movement within the length range when the folding arm 130d is deployed, by deploying or folding the folding arm 130d, without changing the height of the scale 1. Therefore, it is easy to handle even if the orientation of the moving body changes greatly.

[0068] FIG. 10C(f) shows that a grooved base 122 is attached to the lower end of a single leg 15 from which the tip member 15c (see FIG. 10A(b)) has been removed, this grooved base 122 is fitted into a clamp 125, and this clamp 125 is attached to a free turntable 126 with a magnetic base 121 attached to its bottom. Further, a clamp 124 is attached to the upper end of the single leg 15, and the L-shaped fitting 11 at the lower end of the scale 1 is clamped by this clamp 124. Furthermore, a pipe clamp 133 is attached to an intermediate portion of the single leg 15 so that the scale 1 does not fall, and the other end of the multi-joint arm 132 with a magnetic base 121 attached to one end via a joint 134 is connected by this pipe clamp 133.

[0069] The scale device in Fig. 10D is such that a freely rotatable mount 126 is attached to the L-shaped fitting 11 at the lower end of the scale 1 via a clamp 124, and a magnetic base 121 is attached to the bottom of this freely rotatable mount 126. For example, since the side surfaces of the spoil board and the bucket are flat surfaces, when attaching the scale 1 to such a flat surface of the side surface, the magnetic base 121 can be attached horizontally as shown in the figure. Also, for example, in the case of a spoil board or a large bucket having a flat surface on the upper surface, the scale 1 can be attached with the magnetic base 121 facing downward. One end of a multi-joint arm 132 is connected to an intermediate part of the scale 1 via a clamp 124, and a magnetic base 121 is attached to the other end of the multi-joint arm 132 via a joint 134. In this scale device, when the scale 1 is erected on the attachment part such as the spoil board, the swinging of the scale 1 is restricted by the multi-joint arm 132. In the scale devices of Fig. 10C(e) and Fig. 10D described above, even if there are obstacles such as pipes or protrusions in the vicinity of the location where the scale device is to be attached, such as the spoil board, the arm, or the boom, the multi-joint arm 132 can avoid the obstacle and the scale 1 can be firmly attached. Also, even when the scale 1 can be attached to the spoil board, the arm, the boom, etc. only at one of the upper end or the lower end, the multi-joint arm 132 can stably support the scale device from a distant location.

[0070] The procedure for performing leveling using the scale device of the present invention having the above configuration will be described with reference to Figs. 11 and 12. In the following description, only the scale 1 of the first embodiment will be described, but since the same applies to the scale 2 of the second embodiment and the scale 3 of the third embodiment, detailed description will be omitted. Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram showing a state where the scale device is installed at the reference measurement point and the measurement points 1, 2, 3, and Fig. 12 is a diagram showing the scale images at the respective positions of the reference measurement point and the measurement points 1, 2, 3 and showing the relationship between the line of sight of the telescope and the scale 1. The scale device used in the example shown in Fig. 11 has a single leg 15 with a tip member 15c attached to the lower end, and is the scale device shown in Fig. 10A(b). First, install a leveling rod device at the reference measurement point serving as the basis for measurement, adjust the height of the telescope or the leg length of one leg 15, and align the line of sight of the telescope with the starting point 0 of the rod body 10. While an assistant observes a spirit level (not shown) provided on the leveling rod device, the rod body 10 is held vertically (see Fig. 12(a)). This serves as the basis for subsequent leveling measurements.

[0071] Next, move the leveling rod device to measurement point 1, which is the next measurement point, and install the leveling rod device at measurement point 1. Also at this measurement point 1, while an assistant observes a spirit level (not shown) provided on the leveling rod device, the leveling rod device is held vertically. At measurement point 1, as shown in Fig. 12(b), since the line of sight of the telescope is in zone 106 that includes reference mark 105 and is located above reference mark 105, it can be determined that measurement point 1 is lower than the reference measurement point within the range of 0 to -50 mm. Also, since it can be read as -39 mm from graduation 100a of the main scale portion 100 where the line of sight intersects, it can be immediately determined that measurement point 1 is 39 mm lower than the reference measurement point.

[0072] Even when the distance between the telescope and measurement point 1 is far and the graduation 100a of the main scale portion 100 is difficult to read, the height difference between measurement point 1 and the reference measurement point can be determined using graduation 101a of the first auxiliary scale portion 101. That is, the line of sight intersects graduation 101a slightly below the upper edge of the second graduation 101a from the lower end of zone 106 with zone number "-1". Since this position corresponds to -40 mm of graduation 100a of the main scale portion 100, even when using graduation 101a of the first auxiliary scale portion 101, it can be immediately determined that measurement point 1 is slightly lower than 40 mm (approximately 39 mm) lower than the reference measurement point.

[0073] Thereafter, move the leveling rod device to measurement points 2 and 3, and repeat the same procedure at each of measurement points 2 and 3 to perform leveling measurements. In the example shown in the figure, it can be immediately determined that measurement point 2 is 75 mm higher than the reference measurement point and measurement point 3 is 42.5 mm higher. Thus, by using the scale 1 and the scale device of the present invention, the height differences of each survey point 1, 2, 3, ··· can be obtained immediately at the survey site, and calculation errors are less likely to occur. Therefore, operations such as land leveling can be started immediately after the survey, reducing wasted time and waste due to calculation errors, being cost-effective, and less likely to cause calculation errors.

[0074] In addition, when the height difference between another survey point and the reference survey point is large, in this embodiment, when the height difference, which is the measurable range using the main scale portion 100 and the first sub-scale portion 101, exceeds 25 cm, the length of the single leg 15 is expanded or contracted. When it is expanded, the dimension corresponding to the expansion is subtracted from the measured value, and when it is contracted, the dimension corresponding to the contraction is added to the measured value.

[0075] Next, an example of actual measurement survey will be described with reference to FIG. 13. In the following description as well, only the scale 1 of the first embodiment will be described, and the same applies to the scale 2 of the second embodiment and the scale 3 of the third embodiment, so detailed description will be omitted. In the example shown in FIG. 13, the survey points 4 and 5 are inclined planes that descend with respect to the reference survey point, and the lower survey point 5 has a height difference exceeding the scale body 10 with respect to the reference survey point. Also in this example, it is assumed that the scale device used in the leveling survey in the examples of FIGS. 11 and 12 is used.

[0076] At the survey point 4, even if the scale device is moved as it is from the reference survey point, a scale image can be obtained within the field of view of the telescope, and the line of sight also intersects the scale body 10 within the scale image. Therefore, it is not necessary to extend the single leg 15, and the actual measurement survey can be performed as it is.

[0077] At measurement point 5, since the elevation difference from the reference measurement point is large, a scale image cannot be obtained within the telescope's field of view as it is. Therefore, at measurement point 5, a single-legged support 15 is attached to the scale 1, and the legs of the single-legged support 15 are extended so that the scale body 10 enters the telescope's field of view and the line of sight intersects the scale body 10 within the said field of view. First, extend it by 50 cm to try. If it is not enough, extend it by 100 cm. As a result, if the scale body 10 enters the field of view and the line of sight intersects the scale body 10, when the extension amount is 50 cm, read the scale 103a of the third secondary scale section 103, and when the extension amount is 100 cm, read the scale 102a of the second secondary scale section 102.

[0078] Thus, in the scale device of the present invention, by using a single-legged support 15 or a tripod 14 whose leg length can be adjusted up to, for example, 150 cm, actual measurement can be performed up to a measurement point that is at most about 2 m lower than the reference measurement point. Regarding the actual measurement of a measurement point higher than the reference measurement point, since actual measurement is possible only up to the maximum value of the length of the scale body 10 (50 cm in this embodiment), at the said reference measurement point, use a single-legged support 15 or a tripod 14 to initially raise the height of the scale 1 (2, 3), and then sequentially shorten the single-legged support 15 or the tripod 14 to correspond. 。

[0079] Thus, in the scale device of the present invention, by using the second secondary scale section 102 and the third secondary scale section 103, not only leveling measurement but also actual measurement is possible. FIG. 14 shows an image of the telescope when actual measurement of each measurement point in FIG. 13 is performed using the scale 1 or the scale 2 of the first embodiment or the second embodiment. In the scale 1, the starting point of the scale 102a marked at the lower end (the starting point of the scale 102a) of the second secondary scale section 102 of the scale body 10 is "100 cm". At the reference measurement point and measurement point 4, measurement is performed using the scale body 10 as it is. At measurement point 5, adjust the length of the legs of the single-legged support 15 so that the lower end of the third secondary scale section 103 is set to a height exactly 50 cm from the lower end of the single-legged support 15. Then, look at the scale 10 of the reference measurement point through the telescope and read the scale 102a of the second auxiliary scale portion 102 that intersects the line of sight. Fig. 14(a) shows that of the reference measurement point in Fig. 13. In the illustrated example, since the value of the read scale 102a is "109 cm", subtracting 100 gives "9 cm" as the measured value of the reference measurement point.

[0080] Next, move the scale device to measurement point 4, look at scale 1 through the telescope, and read the scale 102a of the second auxiliary scale portion 102 that intersects the line of sight. In the example shown in Fig. 14(b), since the value of the read scale 102a is "148 cm", subtracting 100 gives "48 cm" as the measured value of measurement point 4. Note that leveling can also be performed from the results of the actual measurement. From these results of the actual measurement, it can be determined that the elevation difference between measurement point 4 and the reference measurement point is 39 cm lower than the reference measurement point.

[0081] At another measurement point 5, since the land is even lower than measurement point 4, extend the leg length of the single leg 15 by 50 cm and ground the scale device. In this case, adjust the length of the single leg 15 so that the lower end of the third auxiliary scale portion 103 is exactly 50 cm above the lower end of the single leg 15. Then, look at scales 1 and 2 through the telescope and read the scale 103a of the third auxiliary scale portion 103 that intersects the line of sight. In the example shown in Fig. 14(c), since the value of the read scale 103a is "91.5 cm", this becomes the measured value of measurement point 5 as it is. Similarly, leveling is also possible. The difference in the measured values between the reference measurement point (measured value 9 cm) and measurement point 5 (91.5 cm) in the example of Fig. 14 is 82.5 cm.

[0082] In addition, if the scale 3 of the third embodiment shown in Fig. 8 is used, 0 cm, 10 cm ··· 50 cm and 150 cm, 160 cm ··· 200 cm are additionally displayed in parentheses. When the scale 3 is placed directly on the ground without using the tripod 14 or the monopod 15, the display in parentheses of 0 cm, 10 cm ··· 50 cm of the second secondary scale portion 102 is used. When using a tripod 14 or a monopod 15 with a leg length of 50 cm, the scale 103a of the third secondary scale portion 103 is used. When using a tripod 14 or a monopod 15 with a leg length of 100 cm, the scale 102a of the second secondary scale portion 102 is used. When using a tripod 14 or a monopod 15 with a leg length of 150 cm, the display in parentheses of 150 cm, 160 cm ··· 200 cm of the third secondary scale portion 103 is used, and the measured value can be read directly. Thus, in the scale device of the present invention, if the leg length of the monopod 15 can be extended up to, for example, 150 cm at most, it is possible to measure up to 200 cm at most. Therefore, with one 50-cm scale 1 (2, 3), it is possible to measure up to 200 cm at most, and there is an advantage that it is not necessary to carry a long scale as in the prior art or to carry a plurality of scales with different lengths.

[0083] The scale device with the above configuration can be installed not only by using a tripod 14 or a roller support 16 on the ground, but also can be easily attached to a moving body such as an earth discharge plate P, an arm A, a bucket B, a boom C of a shovel car S, a bulldozer, or a truck as shown in Figs. 15 and 16, and is capable of leveling measurement, actual measurement, and land leveling work. For example, a scale device as shown in Figs. 10C(a) to (f) and Fig. 10D can be attached to the side surfaces of the arm A, the bucket B, the boom C, and the earth discharge plate P of the shovel car S. In addition, when attaching a scale device to an attachment portion such as the bucket B or the earth discharge plate P of the shovel car S where the upper end surface is curved or to an attachment portion with obstacles such as piping in the vicinity, it is advisable to use a scale device as shown in Fig. 10C(e) using the multi-joint arm 132.

[0084] In this way, by attaching a leveling device to moving bodies such as the arm A, bucket B, boom C, and dump plate P of the excavator S, it is possible to perform leveling work at a desired level while performing surveying with a civil engineering and construction machine (working machine) such as the excavator S. FIG. 17 shows a case where a leveling device is attached to the bucket B of the excavator S to perform excavation work. First, attach the leveling device to the bucket B, survey the level line I and the planned excavation line, and instruct the grader to raise and lower while looking at the leveling rod 1 (2, 3) through the surveyor's telescope. When using a laser level, align the laser receiver with the level line I and fix it to the leveling device, and the grader can work alone while observing the reaction of the level of the laser receiver.

[0085] Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, the present invention is not limited to the above description. For example, the present invention can also be applied to surveying, leveling, etc. using a laser oscillator and a laser receiver. For example, when attaching leveling rods 1, 2, 3 to a working machine such as an excavator and performing operations such as surveying and leveling, direct the directions of the leveling rods 1, 2, 3 toward the laser oscillator side, and attach a laser receiver to the leveling rods 1, 2, 3 at the height position where the laser light is received. Also, when performing leveling work according to the height difference obtained by surveying, move the laser receiver to the scale position of the leveling rods 1, 2, 3 corresponding to the height difference. Then, perform the leveling work up to the height position where the laser light is received again. In this way, in the leveling device of the present invention, by using the scale of the leveling rods 1, 2, 3 as a reference for the laser receiver, it is possible to perform operations such as surveying and leveling at an accurate height.

[0086] Also, in the above description, the leveling rod 10 is exemplified as having a length of 50 cm with a length of ±25 cm above and below the reference mark 105, but the length of the leveling rod 10 is not limited to this, and it may be 50 cm or more or 50 cm or less. Also, the distribution of the scales above and below the reference mark 105 does not have to be uniform, and may be uneven, for example, 30 cm above and 20 cm below the reference mark 105. Also, although the L-shaped metal fitting 11 has been described as an example of the scale holding member, any shape other than L-shaped may be used as long as it can be attached to and held by the scale bodies 10, 20, and 30. For example, the joint 134 (Fig. 9B(xiv)) can also be used as the scale holding member.

Brief Description of Drawings

[0087]

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

Figure 7

Figure 8

Figure 9A

Figure 9B

Figure 10A

Figure 10B

Figure 10C

Figure 10D

Figure 11

Figure 12

Figure 13

Figure 14

Figure 15

Figure 16

Figure 17

Explanation of Reference Numerals

[0088] 1, 2, 3 Scales 10, 20, 30 Scale Bodies 11 L-shaped Metal Fitting (Scale Holding Member) 11a Screw Hole 14 Tripod 14a Screw Portion 14b Base 14c Screw Shaft for Height Adjustment 14d Leg 15 Single Leg 15a Screw Portion 15b Leg 15c Tip Member 16 Roller Support 16a Wheel 16b body part 100, 200, 300 main scale parts 100a, 200a, 300a scales of the main scale parts 101, 201, 301 first sub-scale parts 101a, 201a, 301a scales of the first sub-scale parts 102, 202, 302 second sub-scale parts 102a, 202a, 302a scales of the second sub-scale parts 103, 203, 303 third sub-scale parts 103a, 203a, 303a scales of the third sub-scale parts 105, 205, 305 reference marks 106, 206, 306 zones 106a, 206a, 306a zone numbers 120 pedestal 120a threaded part 121 magnetic pedestal 121a threaded part 122 grooved pedestal 122a threaded part 124 clamp 124a fitting groove 125 clamp 125a fitting groove 126 pan head 127 three-axis head 128 two-axis head 129 one-axis head 130 head with folding arm 131 ball head bracket 132 multi-joint arm 133 pipe clamp 134 joint A arm B bucket C boom G ground I horizontal line P discharge plate S shovel car T target mark V telescope field of view

Claims

1. A scale used in measurement, comprising a long and rectangular scale body, a main scale portion having a scale composed of dimensions or marks attached along one side edge on the surface of the scale body, a first sub-scale portion attached to the other side edge of the surface corresponding to this main scale portion and having a strip-shaped scale formed with a width corresponding to a plurality of scales of the main scale portion, a second sub-scale portion provided on at least one side surface of the scale body adjacent to the surface and having a scale starting from the lower end of the scale body, a third sub-scale portion provided on the other side surface of the scale body and having a scale starting from the lower end of the scale body, zones partitioned for each of the multiple scales in the main scale portion and the first sub-scale portion, and each partitioned portion is divided so as to be distinguishable, and having, the scales of the main scale portion and the first sub-scale portion are distributed so as to be distinguishable, starting from a reference mark set in the middle of the longitudinal direction of the scale body, with the scales above this starting point having a negative sign and the scales below having a positive sign, the scales of the third sub-scale portion and the second sub-scale portion are made continuous, characterized by a multi-functional scale.

2. The multi-functional scale according to claim 1, characterized in that another scale identical to or different from the main scale portion or the first sub-scale portion is attached to a surface of the scale body other than the surface.

3. The multi-functional scale according to claim 1, characterized in that the main scale portion, the first sub-scale portion or the zone is attached to one or more surfaces of the scale body.

4. The multi-functional scale according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that a zone number is attached to the zone, and the zone number above the reference mark is negative and the zone number below is positive.

5. The multifunctional scale according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the zone including the reference mark has an equal width above and below the reference mark as the center.

6. The multifunctional scale according to claim 4, characterized in that the length of the zone number is set to 1 / 2 of the length of the zone, and the upper end or the lower end of the zone number is made to coincide with the upper end or the lower end of the zone, or the center in the length direction of the zone number is made to coincide with the middle in the length direction of the zone.

7. The multifunctional scale according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the first secondary scale portion is arranged at equal intervals and has a scale A with a step in the middle.

8. The multifunctional scale according to claim 7, characterized in that the first secondary scale portion is formed at an intermediate position of the blank between the two scales A and further has a scale B smaller than the blank.

9. A scale device set for constructing a scale device including the multifunctional scale according to any one of claims 1 to 8, A scale holding member detachably attached to an end or an intermediate part of the multifunctional scale, An adapter including a pan head, a clamp, a pedestal, a ball head bracket, a multi-joint arm or a joint, which is interchangeably attached to the scale holding member, comprising attaching the scale holding member to an end or an intermediate part with respect to the multifunctional scale, and selecting one or more adapters from among the plurality of adapters according to the measurement mode to construct a scale device, The scale device set is characterized by the above.

10. The scale device set according to claim 9, characterized in that it includes legs that are detachably attached to the scale holding member via the adapter and can adjust the posture and / or height of the multifunctional scale to which the scale holding member is attached.

11. The scale device set according to claim 9, further comprising a roller support that is detachably attached to the scale holding member via the adapter and enables the multifunctional scale to which the scale holding member is attached to move freely.

12. The scale device set according to any one of claims 9 to 11, wherein the adapter is a pan head, a single-axis pan head, a two-axis pan head or a three-axis pan head that rotatably supports the scale holding member in one-axis direction, two-axis direction or three-axis direction, or a free pan head that supports the scale holding member to swing freely in multiple directions.

13. The scale device set according to any one of claims 9 to 12, wherein the adapter is provided with a magnet and is attached to the attachment portion by the magnet.

14. The scale device set according to any one of claims 9 to 13, wherein the adapter is attached to a part of a dozer, an earthmoving plate of an excavator, an arm and a boom of an excavator, a bucket, a truck or other moving body as the attachment portion.

15. A work method for surveying, land leveling, etc. using the scale device set according to claims 9 to 14, When performing surveying by an operator, the scale is attached to a monopod, a tripod or a roller support, When performing work such as surveying and land leveling by a work machine including an excavator, the scale is attached to the work machine via the adapter, A work method for surveying, land leveling, etc., characterized by the above.

16. In the work method for surveying, land leveling, etc. according to claim 15, using a scale device set, a laser oscillator and a laser receiver, the laser receiver is attached to the scale at a height position where the direction of the scale is directed toward the laser oscillator side and the laser light is received. A work method for surveying, land leveling, etc., characterized by the above.

17. In the method for operations such as surveying and land leveling according to claim 16, the laser receiver is moved to the position of the scale graduation corresponding to the elevation difference to be leveled obtained by surveying, and the land leveling operation is carried out to the height position where the laser light is received again. A method for operations such as surveying and land leveling, characterized by the above.

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