Light-emitting element and display device

Abstract

The display device of the present disclosure has a display panel provided with a plurality of light emitting elements 10 each including a light emitting part 30 and a light emitting direction control member 50 through which light emitted from the light emitting part 30 passes. The light emitting direction control member 50 in each light emitting element 10 is formed from a first region 51 and a second region 52 surrounding the first region 51. The refractive index value n1 of the material forming the first region 51 is different from the refractive index value n2 of the material forming the second region 52.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a light-emitting element and a display device incorporating such a light-emitting element.

Background Art

[0002] In a display device in which a plurality of organic electroluminescence elements (OLEDs: Electroluminescence Diodes) or light-emitting diodes (LEDs: Light Emitting Diodes) are arranged in a two-dimensional matrix, in order to increase the brightness and reduce the power consumption, it is required to improve the utilization efficiency of the emitted light and increase the efficiency. For this purpose, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2011-060552 discloses a technique in which an organic EL element includes a light extraction structure.

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0003]

Patent Document 1

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0004] However, the above-mentioned patent publication does not mention anything about the technique of controlling the direction in which light travels through the light extraction structure depending on the position of the organic EL element in the display device. That is, it does not mention anything about in which state the image from the display device is emitted toward which region of the external space.

[0005] Therefore, an object of the present disclosure is to provide a display device having a configuration and structure that can surely and accurately control in which state the image from the display device is emitted toward which region of the external space, and a light-emitting element suitable for use in such a display device.

Means for Solving the Problems

[0006] The display device of the present disclosure for achieving the above object is a light emitting part, and a light emission direction control member through which the light emitted from the light emitting part passes, a display device having a display panel including a plurality of light emitting elements, in each light emitting element, the light emission direction control member is composed of a first region and a second region surrounding the first region, a value n1 of the refractive index of the material constituting the first region is different from a value n2 of the refractive index of the material constituting the second region.

[0007] The light emitting element of the present disclosure for achieving the above object is a light emitting part, and a light emission direction control member through which the light emitted from the light emitting part passes, including the light emission direction control member is composed of a first region and a second region surrounding the first region, a value n1 of the refractive index of the material constituting the first region is different from a value n2 of the refractive index of the material constituting the second region.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0008]

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MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

[0009] Hereinafter, the present disclosure will be described based on examples with reference to the drawings. However, the present disclosure is not limited to the examples, and various numerical values and materials in the examples are illustrative. The description will be made in the following order. 1. General description of the light-emitting element and the display device of the present disclosure 2. Example 1 (the light-emitting element and the display device of the present disclosure) 3. Example 2 (modification of Example 1) 4. Example 3 (modification of Examples 1 to 2) 5. Example 4 (another modification of Examples 1 to 2) 6. Example 5 (example in which the display devices of Examples 1 to 4 are applied to a head-mounted display) 7. Others

[0010] 〈General description of the light-emitting element and the display device of the present disclosure〉 In the light-emitting element of the present disclosure or the light-emitting element provided in the display panel constituting the display device of the present disclosure, the relationship between n1 and n2 only needs to satisfy n1≠n2, and n1>n2 or n1<n2 may be satisfied, and it may be determined according to the specifications required for the display device. However, as will be described later, it is preferable that n1<n2. The number of the first regions may be 1 or more. That is, the number of the first regions may be 1 or 2 or more.

[0011] In the light-emitting element of the present disclosure or the light-emitting element provided in the display panel constituting the display device of the present disclosure, the light emission direction control member is in a flat plate shape, and in contact with the outer edge portion of the light emission direction control member, a region located outside the outer edge portion (for convenience, may be referred to as the 'third region') can be in a form occupied by a material having a refractive index value n3 smaller than the refractive index value n2 of the material constituting the second region. Alternatively, in the light-emitting element of the present disclosure or the light-emitting element provided in the display panel constituting the display device of the present disclosure, the light emission direction control member can be in a lens shape. Specifically, the light emission direction control member can be in a hemispherical shape, or a shape composed of a part of a sphere. More broadly, it can be in a shape composed of a shape suitable for functioning as a lens. Further, in the light-emitting element of the present disclosure or the light-emitting element provided in the display panel constituting the display device of the present disclosure including the various preferred forms described above, a form satisfying n1 < n2 can be adopted.

[0012] Note that the light-emitting element of the present disclosure or the light-emitting element provided in the display panel constituting the display device of the present disclosure including the various preferred forms described above may sometimes be collectively referred to as the 'light-emitting element etc. of the present disclosure' hereinafter.

[0013] In the light-emitting element etc. of the present disclosure, depending on the position of the light-emitting element in the display panel, a configuration can be adopted in which the emission direction of the light emitted from the center of the light-emitting portion and passing through the light emission direction control member is different from the emission direction from the light emission direction control member. Note that such a light-emitting element may sometimes be referred to as the 'light-emitting element of the first configuration'. And in this case, when the distance between the normal line passing through the center of the light-emitting portion and the normal line passing through the centroid of the first region of the light emission direction control member is D0, in at least a part of the light-emitting elements provided in the display panel, the value of the distance D0 can be non-zero.

[0014] Here, the various normal lines are perpendicular lines to the light emission surface of the display panel. Also, the various orthographic images described later are orthographic images with respect to the light emission surface of the display panel.

[0015] Furthermore, in the light-emitting element and the like of the present disclosure including various preferable configurations described above (including the light-emitting element of the first configuration), a reference point is set, In at least a part of the light-emitting elements provided in the display panel, the emission direction from the light-emitting direction control member of the light emitted from the center of the light-emitting part and passing through the light-emitting direction control member can be set depending on the distance D1 from the reference point to the normal line passing through the center of the light-emitting part. Incidentally, a light-emitting element having such a configuration may be referred to as a 'light-emitting element of the second configuration'. The reference point may include a certain degree of spread. That is, in the following description, the'reference point' includes a'reference region'. The same applies hereinafter. And the value of the distance D0 can be configured to depend on the value of the distance D1.

[0016] Furthermore, in the light-emitting element and the like of the present disclosure including various preferable configurations described above (including the light-emitting elements of the first to second configurations), a reference point is set, In at least a part of the light-emitting elements provided in the display panel, the value of (n2 - n1) can be set depending on the distance D1 from the reference point to the normal line passing through the center of the light-emitting part. Incidentally, a light-emitting element having such a configuration may be referred to as a 'light-emitting element of the third configuration'.

[0017] Furthermore, in the light-emitting element and the like of the present disclosure including various preferable configurations described above (including the light-emitting elements of the first to third configurations), a reference point is set, In at least a part of the light-emitting elements provided in the display panel, depending on the distance D1 from the reference point to the normal line passing through the center of the light-emitting part, the cross-sectional shape of the first region when the light-emitting direction control member is cut by a virtual plane (virtual horizontal plane) perpendicular to the thickness direction of the light-emitting direction control member (for convenience, hereinafter may be referred to as the 'horizontal cross-sectional shape') can be set. Note that a light-emitting element having such a configuration may be referred to as a 'light-emitting element of the fourth configuration'. In the light-emitting element of the fourth configuration, the horizontal cross-sectional shape of the first region is essentially arbitrary, but can be a polygon (including regular polygons) including a triangle, a quadrilateral, a hexagon, and an octagon, and any one of a circle, an ellipse, an oblong, a shape corresponding to a caret symbol, a sector, and a shape corresponding to a Lambert ring.

[0018] Note that all of the light-emitting elements provided in the display panel may have a certain parameter of the same first region or second region, or may have a certain parameter of different first regions or second regions. As an example, for example, even if the position and size where the first region is formed are different, all of the light-emitting elements provided in the display panel may have the same horizontal cross-sectional shape of the first region, or may have different horizontal cross-sectional shapes of the first region. The same applies hereinafter.

[0019] And in the light-emitting elements of the second to fourth configurations described above, the reference point can be assumed to be within the display panel. In this case, (A) The configuration in which the reference point is not located in the central region of the display panel (B) The configuration in which one reference point is assumed (C) The configuration in which a plurality of reference points are assumed (D) When one reference point is assumed, the reference point is not included in the central region of the display panel, and when a plurality of reference points are assumed, at least one reference point is not included in the central region of the display panel It can be set as such. And in these cases, in some light-emitting elements, the value of the distance D0 can be 0, and in the remaining light-emitting elements, the value of the distance D0 can be non-zero. Note that in the light-emitting elements included in the reference point (reference region) assumed in the display panel, in some cases, the light emission direction control member may be composed of only the second region.

[0020] Alternatively, in the light-emitting elements of the above second to fourth configurations, the reference point can be assumed to be outside (external) the display panel. In this case, (E) A configuration in which one reference point is assumed (F) A configuration in which a plurality of reference points are assumed It can be set as such. And in these cases, the light emitted from each light-emitting element and passing through the light emission direction control member can be configured to converge (be focused) in a certain region of the space outside the display device, or alternatively, the light emitted from each light-emitting element and passing through the light emission direction control member can be configured to diverge in the space outside the display device. In these cases, the value of the distance D0 can be non-zero in all the light-emitting elements.

[0021] Alternatively, in the light-emitting elements and the like of the present disclosure, the light emitted from each light-emitting element and passing through the light emission direction control member can be configured to be parallel light.

[0022] Furthermore, in the light-emitting element and the like of the present disclosure including the various preferable configurations described above, when the light-emitting direction control member is cut by a virtual plane (virtual horizontal plane) perpendicular to the thickness direction of the light-emitting direction control member, the cross-sectional shape of the first region (horizontal cross-sectional shape of the first region) can be constant or change along the thickness direction of the light-emitting direction control member in at least a part of the light-emitting elements provided in the display panel. And in this case, in at least a part of the light-emitting elements provided in the display panel, the horizontal cross-sectional shape of the first region can be configured to become larger or smaller from the light-incident surface to the light-emitting surface of the light-emitting direction control member. Alternatively, in at least a part of the light-emitting elements provided in the display panel, the normal line passing through the centroid of the first region of the light-emitting direction control member and the axis of the first region passing through the centroid of the first region of the light-emitting direction control member can intersect at an angle exceeding 0 degrees. That is, when viewed as a whole, the first region can be configured to extend obliquely with respect to the normal line passing through the center of the light-emitting portion.

[0023] Furthermore, in the light-emitting element and the like of the present disclosure including the various preferable configurations and forms described above, when the depth of the first region is H1 and the thickness of the light-emitting direction control member is H0, 0.5 ≦ H1 / H0 ≦ 1.0 can be satisfied. And in this case, the lower part of the first region can be occupied by the material constituting the second region, or the upper part of the first region can be occupied by the material constituting the second region. And the value of H1 / H0 can depend on the value of the distance D1.

[0024] Furthermore, in the light-emitting element and the like of the present disclosure including the various preferable configurations and forms described above, a reference point is set, a plurality of light-emitting elements are arranged in a first direction and a second direction different from the first direction, let the distance between the normal line passing through the center of the light-emitting portion and the normal line passing through the centroid of the first region of the light-emitting direction control member be D0, and the distance from the reference point to the normal line passing through the center of the light-emitting portion be D1, Let the values of the first direction and the second direction of the distance D0 be D 0-X , D 0-Y and let the values of the first direction and the second direction of the distance D1 be D 1-X , D 1-Y When this is the case, D 1-X changes linearly with respect to the change in D 0-X , and D 1-Y changes linearly with respect to the change in D 0-Y , or D 1-X changes linearly with respect to the change in D 0-X , and D 1-Y changes non - linearly with respect to the change in D 0-Y , or D 1-X changes non - linearly with respect to the change in D 0-X , and D 1-Y changes linearly with respect to the change in D 0-Y , or D 1-X changes non - linearly with respect to the change in D 0-X , and D 1-Y changes non - linearly with respect to the change in D 0-Y It can be in a form where it changes non - linearly.

[0025] Here, D 1-X changing linearly with respect to the change in D 0-X , and D 1-Y changing linearly with respect to the change in D 0-Y means that D 0-X = k X ·D 1-X D 0-Y = k Y ·D 1-Y holds. However, k X , k Y are constants. That is, D 0-X , D 0-Y change based on a linear function. On the other hand, D 1-X changing non - linearly with respect to the change in D 0-X , and D 1-Y changing linearly with respect to the change in D 0-Y means that D 0-X = f X (D 1-X ) D 0-Y = f Y (D 1-Y ) means that it holds. Here, f X , f Y is a function that is not a linear function (for example, a quadratic function).

[0026] Alternatively, the change of D 1-X with respect to the change of D 0-X , the change of D 1-Y with respect to the change of D 0-Y can also be a stepped change. Furthermore, when the display panel is divided into an M×N area, within one area, the change of D 1-X with respect to the change of D 0-X , the change of D 1-Y with respect to the change of D 0-Y can be either unchanged or a constant change.

[0027] Furthermore, in the light-emitting element and the like of the present disclosure including the various preferable configurations and forms described above, a reference point is set, when the distance between the normal line passing through the center of the light-emitting part and the normal line passing through the centroid of the first region of the light-emission direction control member is D0, and the distance from the reference point to the normal line passing through the center of the light-emitting part is D1, as the value of the distance D1 increases, the value of the distance D0 can increase.

[0028] Also, when the distance from the reference point to the normal line passing through the center of the light-emitting part is D1, depending on the value of the distance D1, that is, if the value of the distance D1 changes, at least one of the position (i.e., the value of the distance D0), shape, relationship between n1 and n2, size, height, and number of the first region may be changed.

[0029] Furthermore, in the light-emitting element and the like of the present disclosure including the various preferred configurations and forms described above, the light-emitting portion provided in the light-emitting element can be in a form including an organic electroluminescence layer. That is, the display device of the present disclosure including the various preferred forms and configurations described above can be configured as an organic electroluminescence display device (organic EL display device), and the light-emitting element can be configured as an organic electroluminescence element (organic EL element). Alternatively, the light-emitting portion can be in a form including a light-emitting diode (LED).

[0030] Furthermore, in the light-emitting element and the like of the present disclosure including the preferred configurations and forms described above, a color filter layer can be provided on the light incident side or the light emitting side of the light emission direction control member. In this case, the orthographic image of the light emission direction control member can coincide with the orthographic image of the color filter layer, or be included in the orthographic image of the color filter layer, or include the orthographic image of the color filter layer. Furthermore, in these cases, in the light-emitting element where the value of the distance D0 is not zero, (a) The normal line passing through the center of the light-emitting portion, the normal line passing through the center of gravity of the first region of the light emission direction control member, and the normal line passing through the center of the color filter layer coincide. (b) The normal line passing through the center of the light-emitting portion and the normal line passing through the center of gravity of the first region of the light emission direction control member coincide, but do not coincide with the normal line passing through the center of the color filter layer. (c) The normal line passing through the center of gravity of the first region of the light emission direction control member and the normal line passing through the center of the color filter layer coincide, but do not coincide with the normal line passing through the center of the light-emitting portion. (d) The normal line passing through the center of the light-emitting portion, the normal line passing through the center of gravity of the first region of the light emission direction control member, and the normal line passing through the center of the color filter layer do not coincide. can be cited. Note that the center of the color filter layer refers to the area centroid point of the area occupied by the color filter layer. Furthermore, in these cases, a light absorption layer (black matrix layer) can be formed between the color filter layers of adjacent light-emitting elements, thereby reliably suppressing the occurrence of color mixing between adjacent light-emitting elements. Generally, the color filter layer is composed of a resin added with a colorant composed of a desired pigment or dye, and by selecting the pigment or dye, the light transmittance in the target wavelength range such as red, green, blue, etc. is high, and the light transmittance in other wavelength ranges is adjusted to be low.

[0031] Furthermore, in the light-emitting element etc. of the present disclosure including the preferable configurations and forms described above, a light absorption layer (black matrix layer) can be formed in a part of the third region located between the outer edge portions of adjacent light emission direction control members, or in some cases, between adjacent light-emitting elements, thereby also reliably suppressing the occurrence of color mixing between adjacent light-emitting elements.

[0032] These light absorption layers (black matrix layers) are composed of, for example, a black resin film with an optical density of 1 or more mixed with a black colorant (specifically, for example, a black polyimide-based resin), or alternatively, a thin film filter utilizing thin film interference. The thin film filter is formed by laminating two or more layers of thin films made of, for example, metal, metal nitride, or metal oxide, and attenuates light by utilizing thin film interference. As a thin film filter, specifically, one formed by alternately laminating Cr and chromium(III) oxide (Cr2O3) can be cited.

[0033] Examples of the material constituting the first region, the material constituting the second region, and the material constituting the third region include transparent resin materials such as acrylic resins, epoxy resins, polycarbonate resins, and polyimide resins, and transparent inorganic materials. Specifically, examples of the material constituting the flat or lens-shaped light emission direction control member include transparent resin materials such as acrylic resins, epoxy resins, polycarbonate resins, and polyimide resins, and transparent inorganic materials such as SiO2. In addition, as the transparent resin material, broadly speaking, photosensitive resin materials including ultraviolet curable resin materials, thermosetting resin materials, and thermoplastic resin materials can be mentioned.

[0034] The material constituting the first region, the material constituting the second region, and the material constituting the third region may be made of the same material (however, the refractive indices are different), or may be made of materials having different refractive indices. In some cases, the first region can also be in a state filled with air or in a vacuum state. Also, in some cases, the third region can also be in a state filled with air or in a vacuum state.

[0035] The top surface of the flat light emission direction control member may be flat, may have a convex shape, or may have a concave shape. However, from the viewpoint of improving the luminance in the front direction of the display panel, the top surface of the flat light emission direction control member is preferably flat. The flat light emission direction control member can be obtained by a combination of photolithography technology and an etching method, or can also be formed based on a nanoimprint method. The lens-shaped light emission direction control member can be obtained by melting and flowing a transparent resin material, or can also be obtained by etching back, or can also be obtained by a combination of photolithography technology using a grayscale mask and an etching method, or can also be obtained by a method such as forming a transparent resin material in a lens shape based on a nanoimprint method. The formation of the first region can be obtained by a combination of photolithography technology and an etching method simultaneously with the formation of the light emission direction control member, or separately from the formation of the light emission direction control member, or can also be formed based on a nanoimprint method.

[0036] The planar shape of the flat light emission direction control member is preferably similar to the light emission region described later, or alternatively, the light emission region is preferably included in the orthographic projection image of the flat light emission direction control member. Specifically, circular, elliptical, and oblong shapes, as well as polygons including triangles, quadrilaterals, hexagons, and octagons (including regular polygons such as regular hexagons (honeycomb-like)) can be mentioned. Also, as the shape of the entire light emission direction control member, a columnar shape, a truncated cone shape (where the top surface corresponds to the truncated part, or alternatively, the bottom surface corresponds to the truncated part) can be mentioned. The ridge part where the side surfaces of the second region in the columnar or truncated cone-shaped light emission direction control member intersect may be rounded, or the ridge part where the side surface and the top surface of the second region in the columnar or truncated cone-shaped light emission direction control member intersect may be rounded or may be notched. Also, the part of the top surface of the second region that intersects the top surface of the first region in the light emission direction control member may be rounded or may be notched.

[0037] The outer edge of the flat light emission direction control member is preferably perpendicular or substantially perpendicular. Specifically, as the inclination angle of the outer edge of the flat light emission direction control member, 80 degrees to 100 degrees, preferably 81.8 degrees or more and 98.2 degrees or less, more preferably 84.0 degrees or more and 96.0 degrees or less, still more preferably 86.0 degrees or more and 94.0 degrees or less, particularly preferably 88.0 degrees or more and 92.0 degrees or less, and most preferably 90 degrees can be exemplified. Further, the average height of the flat light emission direction control member can be exemplified as 1.5 μm or more and 2.5 μm or less, whereby the light condensing effect in the vicinity of the outer edge of the flat light emission direction control member can be effectively enhanced. The shortest distance between the outer edges of adjacent light emission direction control members can be 0.4 μm or more and 1.2 μm or less, preferably 0.6 μm or more and 1.2 μm or less, more preferably 0.8 μm or more and 1.2 μm or less, still more preferably 0.8 μm or more and 1.0 μm or less. By defining the minimum value of the shortest distance between the outer edges of adjacent light emission direction control members as 0.4 μm, the shortest distance between adjacent light emission direction control members can be made approximately the same as the lower limit value of the visible light wavelength band, so that the functional degradation of the third region can be suppressed, and as a result, the light condensing effect in the vicinity of the outer edge of the light emission direction control member can be effectively enhanced. On the other hand, by defining the maximum value of the shortest distance between the outer edges of adjacent light emission direction control members as 1.2 μm, the size of the light emission direction control member can be reduced, and as a result, the light condensing effect in the vicinity of the outer edge of the light emission direction control member can be effectively enhanced. The maximum distance from the light emitting part to the bottom surface of the light emission direction control member (the maximum distance in the height direction) preferably exceeds 0.35 μm and is 7 μm or less, preferably 1.3 μm or more and 7 μm or less, more preferably 2.8 μm or more and 7 μm or less, still more preferably 3.8 μm or more and 7 μm or less. By stipulating that the maximum distance from the light emitting part to the light emission direction control member exceeds 0.35 μm, the light condensing effect in the vicinity of the outer edge of the light emission direction control member can be effectively enhanced. On the other hand, by stipulating that the maximum distance from the light emitting part to the light emission direction control member is 7 μm or less, the degradation of the viewing angle characteristics can be suppressed.The distance between the centers of adjacent light-emitting direction control members is preferably 1 μm or more and 10 μm or less. By setting it to 10 μm or less, the wave nature of light becomes prominent, and thus a high light condensing effect can be imparted to the light-emitting direction control members.

[0038] The number of flat plate-shaped light-emitting direction control members for one pixel (described later) is essentially arbitrary and may be 1 or more. For example, when one pixel is composed of three sub-pixels, the number of flat plate-shaped light-emitting direction control members may be set to 3, and when one pixel is composed of four sub-pixels, the number of flat plate-shaped light-emitting direction control members may be set to 4. Examples of the distance between the center of the light-emitting portion of a light-emitting element and the center of the light-emitting portion of a light-emitting element adjacent to this light-emitting element include 1 μm to 10 μm.

[0039] In the display device of the present disclosure, the display panel has a plurality of light-emitting element units each composed of at least a first light-emitting element (for example, a red light-emitting element) that emits a first color (for example, red), a second light-emitting element (for example, a green light-emitting element) that emits a second color (for example, green), and a third light-emitting element (for example, a blue light-emitting element) that emits a third color (for example, blue). In each of the first light-emitting element, the second light-emitting element, and the third light-emitting element, the optimization of the first region and the second region can be achieved.

[0040] That is, in each of the first light-emitting element, the second light-emitting element, and the third light-emitting element, by optimizing the position, shape, relationship between n1 and n2, size, height, and number of the first region, the control of the direction of light (control of light distribution) emitted through the light-emitting direction control members from each of the first light-emitting element, the second light-emitting element, and the third light-emitting element can be surely and accurately performed.

[0041] In the display device, a red light-emitting element in which a light-emitting portion that emits white light and a red color filter layer are combined, a green light-emitting element in which a light-emitting portion that emits white light and a green color filter layer are combined, and a blue light-emitting element in which a light-emitting portion that emits white light and a blue color filter layer are combined are each provided as sub-pixels, and one pixel is composed of these sub-pixels. Alternatively, a red light-emitting element composed of a light-emitting portion that emits red light, a green light-emitting element composed of a light-emitting portion that emits green light, and a blue light-emitting element composed of a light-emitting portion that emits blue light are each provided as sub-pixels, and one pixel is composed of these sub-pixels. Alternatively, a light-emitting element composed of a light-emitting portion that emits a fourth color (light) other than red, green, and blue may be further combined as a sub-pixel, or a display device that generates a monochromatic image may be used.

[0042] In the display device of the present disclosure, as an arrangement of pixels (or sub-pixels), a delta arrangement can be cited, or alternatively, a stripe arrangement, a diagonal arrangement, a rectangle arrangement, a pentile arrangement can be cited.

[0043] The display device can be used, for example, as a monitor device that constitutes a personal computer, or as a monitor device incorporated in a television receiver, a mobile phone, a PDA (Personal Digital Assistant), a game device, or a display device incorporated in a projector. Alternatively, it can be applied to an electronic viewfinder (EVF) or a head-mounted display (HMD), or can be applied to a display device for VR (Virtual Reality), MR (Mixed Reality), or AR (Augmented Reality). Alternatively, it can constitute an image display device in an electronic paper such as an electronic book or an electronic newspaper, a bulletin board such as a signboard, a poster, or a blackboard, a rewritable paper replacing printer paper, a display unit of a household appliance, a card display unit such as a point card, an electronic advertisement, or an electronic POP. Using the display device of the present disclosure as a light-emitting device, various lighting devices including a backlight device for a liquid crystal display device and a surface light source device can be configured.

[0044] The head-mounted display, for example, (a) a frame mounted on the head of an observer, and (b) an image display device attached to the frame, and is provided with The image display device (A) an image forming device including the display device of the present disclosure, and (B) an optical device into which light emitted from the image forming device is incident and from which the light is emitted, and is provided with The optical device (B-1) a light guide plate in which light incident from an image forming device (specifically, the display device of the present disclosure) propagates inside by total internal reflection and is then emitted toward an observer, (B-2) a first deflecting means (for example, composed of a volume hologram diffraction grating) for deflecting the light incident on the light guide plate so that the light incident on the light guide plate is totally reflected inside the light guide plate, and (B-3) In order to cause the light propagated inside the light guide plate by total internal reflection to exit from the light guide plate, a second deflection means (for example, composed of a volume hologram diffraction grating) that deflects the light propagated inside the light guide plate by total internal reflection a plurality of times, is provided.

[0045] Alternatively, the head-mounted display may be, for example, a retinal projection type display based on Maxwell vision that directly projects an image (light beam) onto the retina of an observer, specifically, a retinal projection type head-mounted display.

[0046] Hereinafter, an explanation will be given regarding a form in which the light emitting portion provided in the light emitting element includes an organic electroluminescence layer, that is, a form in which the display device of the present disclosure is composed of an organic electroluminescence display device (organic EL display device).

[0047] The display device includes a first substrate, a second substrate, and a plurality of light emitting elements located between the first substrate and the second substrate and arranged two-dimensionally. is provided, the light emitting element includes a light emitting portion, the light emitting portion provided on a substrate formed on the first substrate includes a first electrode, a second electrode, and an organic layer (including a light emitting layer including an organic electroluminescence layer) sandwiched between the first electrode and the second electrode. is provided at least, the light from the organic layer is emitted to the outside through the second substrate, or alternatively, is emitted to the outside through the first substrate. Note that the second electrode is provided on the second substrate side, and the first electrode is provided on the first substrate side.

[0048] That is, the display device of the present disclosure can be a top emission type (top light emission type) display device (top light emission type display device) that emits light from the second substrate through the second electrode, or a bottom emission type (bottom light emission type) display device (bottom light emission type display device) that emits light from the first substrate through the first electrode.

[0049] As described above, the light emitting portion is composed of a first electrode, an organic layer, and a second electrode. The center of the light emitting portion refers to the area centroid point of the region (light emitting region) where the first electrode and the organic layer are in contact. The first electrode can be configured to be in contact with a part of the organic layer, or the organic layer can be configured to be in contact with a part of the first electrode. Specifically, the size of the first electrode can be configured to be smaller than that of the organic layer, or alternatively, the size of the first electrode can be the same as that of the organic layer, but an insulating layer can be formed in a part between the first electrode and the organic layer, or alternatively, the size of the first electrode can be configured to be larger than that of the organic layer.

[0050] The organic layer can be configured to emit white light. In this case, the organic layer can be composed of at least two light-emitting layers that emit different colors. Specifically, the organic layer can have a stacked structure in which three layers, namely a red light-emitting layer that emits red (wavelength: 620 nm to 750 nm), a green light-emitting layer that emits green (wavelength: 495 nm to 570 nm), and a blue light-emitting layer that emits blue (wavelength: 450 nm to 495 nm), are stacked, and emits white light as a whole. Alternatively, the organic layer can have a structure in which two layers, namely a blue light-emitting layer that emits blue and a yellow light-emitting layer that emits yellow, are stacked, and emits white light as a whole. Alternatively, the organic layer can have a structure in which two layers, namely a blue light-emitting layer that emits blue and an orange light-emitting layer that emits orange, are stacked, and emits white light as a whole. The organic layer may be shared among a plurality of light-emitting elements or may be provided individually for each light-emitting element. By combining such an organic layer that emits white light with a red color filter layer (or a planarization layer that functions as a red color filter layer), a red light-emitting element is formed. By combining an organic layer that emits white light with a green color filter layer (or a planarization layer that functions as a green color filter layer), a green light-emitting element is formed. By combining an organic layer that emits white light with a blue color filter layer (or a planarization layer that functions as a blue color filter layer), a blue light-emitting element is formed. The planarization layer will be described later. As described above, one pixel is formed by a combination of sub-pixels such as a red light-emitting element, a green light-emitting element, and a blue light-emitting element. In some cases, one pixel may be formed by a red light-emitting element, a green light-emitting element, a blue light-emitting element, and a light-emitting element that emits white (or a fourth color) (or a light-emitting element that emits complementary light). In the form composed of at least two light-emitting layers that emit different colors, actually, the light-emitting layers that emit different colors may be mixed and not clearly separated into each layer.

[0051] Alternatively, the organic layer can be configured as a single light-emitting layer. In this case, the light-emitting element can be composed of, for example, a red light-emitting element having an organic layer containing a red light-emitting layer, a green light-emitting element having an organic layer containing a green light-emitting layer, or a blue light-emitting element having an organic layer containing a blue light-emitting layer. In the case of a display device for color display, one pixel is composed of these three types of light-emitting elements (sub-pixels). Alternatively, it can also be composed of a stacked structure of a red light-emitting element having an organic layer containing a red light-emitting layer, a green light-emitting element having an organic layer containing a green light-emitting layer, and a blue light-emitting element having an organic layer containing a blue light-emitting layer. In principle, the formation of a color filter layer is not required, but a color filter layer may be provided to improve color purity.

[0052] The substrate is formed on or above the first substrate. Examples of the material constituting the substrate include insulating materials such as SiO2, SiN, and SiON. The substrate can be formed based on known methods suitable for the material constituting the substrate, specifically, for example, various CVD methods, various coating methods, various PVD methods including sputtering and vacuum evaporation methods, various printing methods such as screen printing, plating methods, electrodeposition methods, dipping methods, sol-gel methods, etc.

[0053] Below or beneath the substrate, although not limited thereto, a light-emitting element driving section is provided. The light-emitting element driving section is composed of, for example, a transistor (specifically, for example, a MOSFET) formed on a silicon semiconductor substrate constituting the first substrate, or a thin-film transistor (TFT) provided on various substrates constituting the first substrate. The transistor or TFT constituting the light-emitting element driving section and the first electrode can be connected in a form via a contact hole (contact plug) formed in the substrate or the like. The light-emitting element driving section can have a well-known circuit configuration. The second electrode is connected to the light-emitting element driving section via a contact hole (contact plug) formed in the substrate or the like at the outer peripheral portion of the display panel.

[0054] The first electrode is provided for each light-emitting element. The organic layer is provided for each light-emitting element, or alternatively, is provided in common for the light-emitting elements. The second electrode may be a common electrode for a plurality of light-emitting elements. That is, the second electrode may be a so-called solid electrode. A first substrate is disposed below or beneath the substrate, and a second substrate is disposed above the second electrode. The light-emitting element is formed on the first substrate side, and the light-emitting portion is provided on the substrate.

[0055] The first substrate or the second substrate can be composed of a silicon semiconductor substrate, a high-strain point glass substrate, a soda glass (Na2O·CaO·SiO2) substrate, a borosilicate glass (Na2O·B2O3·SiO2) substrate, a forsterite (2MgO·SiO2) substrate, a lead glass (Na2O·PbO·SiO2) substrate, various glass substrates with an insulating material layer formed on the surface, a quartz substrate, a quartz substrate with an insulating material layer formed on the surface, an organic polymer exemplified by polymethyl methacrylate (polymethyl methacrylate, PMMA), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyvinyl phenol (PVP), polyethersulfone (PES), polyimide, polycarbonate, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) (having a form of a polymer material such as a flexible plastic film, a plastic sheet, or a plastic substrate composed of a polymer material). The materials constituting the first substrate and the second substrate may be the same or different. However, in the case of a top-emission type display device, the second substrate is required to be transparent to the light from the light-emitting element, and in the case of a bottom-emission type display device, the first substrate is required to be transparent to the light from the light-emitting element.

[0056] When the first electrode is made of a material that functions as an anode electrode, for example, metals or alloys with a high work function such as platinum (Pt), gold (Au), silver (Ag), chromium (Cr), tungsten (W), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), tantalum (Ta) (e.g., Ag-Pd-Cu alloy mainly composed of silver and containing 0.3 mass% to 1 mass% of palladium (Pd) and 0.3 mass% to 1 mass% of copper (Cu), Al-Nd alloy, Al-Cu alloy, Al-Cu-Ni alloy) can be mentioned. Furthermore, when using a conductive material with a low work function value and a high light reflectivity such as aluminum (Al) and alloys containing aluminum, it can be used as an anode electrode by improving the hole injection characteristics, such as providing an appropriate hole injection layer. As the thickness of the first electrode, 0.1 μm to 1 μm can be exemplified. Alternatively, when the first electrode is required to be transparent to the light emitted from the light-emitting element, as the material constituting the first electrode, indium oxide, indium-tin oxide (ITO, Indium Tin Oxide, including Sn-doped In2O3, crystalline ITO, and amorphous ITO), indium-zinc oxide (IZO, Indium Zinc Oxide), indium-gallium oxide (IGO), indium-doped gallium-zinc oxide (IGZO, In-GaZnO4), IFO (F-doped In2O3), ITiO (Ti-doped In2O3), InSn, InSnZnO, tin oxide (SnO2), ATO (Sb-doped SnO2), FTO (F-doped SnO2), zinc oxide (ZnO), aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO), gallium-doped zinc oxide (GZO), B-doped ZnO, AlMgZnO (zinc oxide doped with aluminum oxide and magnesium oxide), antimony oxide, titanium oxide, NiO, spinel-type oxide, oxide having a YbFe2O4 structure, gallium oxide, titanium oxide, niobium oxide, nickel oxide, etc. as the mother layer, various transparent conductive materials such as transparent conductive materials can be mentioned.Alternatively, a structure can be adopted in which a transparent conductive material with excellent hole injection characteristics, such as indium tin oxide (ITO) or indium zinc oxide (IZO), is laminated on a highly light-reflective reflective film such as a dielectric multilayer film, aluminum (Al), or its alloy (e.g., Al-Cu-Ni alloy). On the other hand, when the first electrode functions as a cathode electrode, it is desirable to be composed of a conductive material with a small work function value and a high light reflectance. However, by improving the electron injection characteristics, such as by providing an appropriate electron injection layer for the highly light-reflective conductive material used as the anode electrode, it can also be used as the cathode electrode.

[0057] In a top emission type (top surface light emission type) display device (top surface light emission type display device), when the second electrode is configured to function as a cathode electrode, as the material constituting the second electrode (semi-transmissive material or light transmissive material), it is desirable to be composed of a conductive material with a small work function value so that the emitted light can be transmitted and electrons can be efficiently injected into the organic layer (light emitting layer). For example, aluminum (Al), silver (Ag), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), sodium (Na), strontium (Sr), an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal and silver (Ag) [e.g., an alloy of magnesium (Mg) and silver (Ag) (Mg-Ag alloy)], an alloy of magnesium-calcium (Mg-Ca alloy), an alloy of aluminum (Al) and lithium (Li) (Al-Li alloy), etc., can be mentioned. Among them, the Mg-Ag alloy is preferable, and as the volume ratio of magnesium to silver, Mg:Ag = 5:1 to 30:1 can be exemplified. Alternatively, as the volume ratio of magnesium to calcium, Mg:Ca = 2:1 to 10:1 can be exemplified. As the thickness of the second electrode, 4 nm to 50 nm, preferably 4 nm to 20 nm, more preferably 6 nm to 12 nm can be exemplified. Alternatively, at least one material selected from the group consisting of Ag-Nd-Cu, Ag-Cu, Au, and Al-Cu can be mentioned. Alternatively, the second electrode can be composed of the above-described material layer and a so-called transparent electrode made of, for example, ITO or IZO (e.g., thickness 3×10 -8from m to 1×10 -6 It can also have a laminated structure with (m). For the second electrode, a bus electrode (auxiliary electrode) made of a low-resistance material such as aluminum, aluminum alloy, silver, silver alloy, copper, copper alloy, gold, gold alloy, etc. may be provided to reduce the resistance of the entire second electrode. The average light transmittance of the second electrode is desirably 50% to 90%, preferably 60% to 90%. On the other hand, when the second electrode functions as an anode electrode, it is desirable to be made of a conductive material that transmits the emitted light and has a large work function value as needed.

[0058] Examples of the formation methods of the first electrode and the second electrode include vapor deposition methods including electron beam vapor deposition method, thermal filament vapor deposition method, and vacuum vapor deposition method, sputtering method, chemical vapor deposition method (CVD method), MOCVD method, combination of ion plating method and etching method; various printing methods such as screen printing method, inkjet printing method, and metal mask printing method; plating methods (electroplating method and electroless plating method); lift-off method; laser ablation method; sol-gel method, etc. According to various printing methods and plating methods, it is possible to directly form the first electrode and the second electrode having a desired shape (pattern). When forming the second electrode after forming the organic layer, it is particularly preferable to form it based on a film formation method with low energy of film formation particles such as the vacuum vapor deposition method, or a film formation method such as the MOCVD method, from the viewpoint of preventing damage to the organic layer. If damage occurs to the organic layer, there is a possibility of generating non-light-emitting pixels (or non-light-emitting sub-pixels) called "extinction points" due to the generation of leakage current.

[0059] The organic layer includes a light-emitting layer containing an organic light-emitting material. Specifically, for example, it can be composed of a stacked structure of a hole transport layer, a light-emitting layer, and an electron transport layer; a stacked structure of a light-emitting layer that also serves as a hole transport layer and an electron transport layer; a stacked structure of a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, a light-emitting layer, an electron transport layer, and an electron injection layer, etc. As a method for forming the organic layer, physical vapor deposition methods (PVD methods) such as vacuum evaporation; printing methods such as screen printing and inkjet printing; laser transfer methods such as irradiating a laser on a stacked structure of a laser absorption layer and an organic layer formed on a transfer substrate to separate the organic layer on the laser absorption layer and transfer the organic layer, and various coating methods can be exemplified. When forming the organic layer based on the vacuum evaporation method, for example, a so-called metal mask can be used, and the organic layer can be obtained by depositing a material that has passed through an opening provided in such a metal mask.

[0060] A light-shielding portion may be provided between the light-emitting elements. Specific examples of the light-shielding material constituting the light-shielding portion include materials that can shield light, such as titanium (Ti), chromium (Cr), tungsten (W), tantalum (Ta), aluminum (Al), and MoSi2. The light-shielding portion can be formed by a deposition method including an electron beam evaporation method, a thermal filament evaporation method, a vacuum evaporation method, a sputtering method, a CVD method, an ion plating method, etc.

[0061] It is preferable that a protective layer is formed so as to cover the second electrode. Also, a form in which a light emission direction control member is formed on or above the protective layer, or a form in which a color filter layer is formed on or above the protective layer, and a light emission direction control member is formed on or above the color filter layer, or a form in which a light emission direction control member is formed on or above the protective layer, and a color filter layer is formed on or above the light emission direction control member can be adopted. And a form in which a planarization layer is further formed on these can be adopted. As described above, a planarization layer that functions as a color filter layer may be provided.

[0062] Examples of materials for forming the protective layer or the planarization layer include acrylic resins, and examples also include SiO2, SiN, SiON, SiC, amorphous silicon (α-Si), Al2O3, and TiO2. The protective layer or the planarization layer can be a single-layer structure or can be composed of multiple layers. As a method for forming the protective layer or the planarization layer, it can be formed based on known methods such as various CVD methods, various coating methods, various PVD methods including sputtering and vacuum evaporation methods, and various printing methods such as screen printing. Further, as a method for forming the protective layer or the planarization layer, the ALD (Atomic Layer Deposition) method can also be adopted. The protective layer or the planarization layer may be shared among a plurality of light-emitting elements or may be provided individually for each light-emitting element.

[0063] In some cases, the planarization layer may form the first region, or may form the third region, or may form both the first region and the third region.

[0064] The planarization layer and the second substrate are joined, for example, via a resin layer (sealing resin layer). Examples of materials for forming the resin layer (sealing resin layer) include thermosetting adhesives such as acrylic adhesives, epoxy adhesives, urethane adhesives, silicone adhesives, and cyanoacrylate adhesives, and ultraviolet curable adhesives. The resin layer (sealing resin layer) may also serve as the planarization layer.

[0065] In some cases, as described above, the planarization layer can be configured to have a function as a color filter layer. Such a planarization layer may be composed of a well-known color resist material. For a light-emitting element that emits white light, a transparent filter may be disposed. By making the planarization layer function also as a color filter layer in this way, since the organic layer and the planarization layer (color filter layer) are close to each other, even if the light emitted from the light-emitting element is widened, color mixing can be effectively prevented and the viewing angle characteristics can be improved. However, the color filter layer may be provided separately from the planarization layer, independently, below or beneath the planarization layer, or above or on the planarization layer.

[0066] On the outermost surface that emits light from the display panel (specifically, for example, the outer surface of the second substrate), an ultraviolet absorption layer, an anti-fouling layer, a hard coat layer, and an antistatic layer may be formed, or a protective member (for example, a cover glass) may be disposed.

[0067] In the display panel, an insulating layer and an interlayer insulating layer are formed. As the insulating materials constituting these, SiO2, NSG (non-doped silicate glass), BPSG (boron-phosphorus-silicate glass), PSG, BSG, AsSG, SbSG, PbSG, SOG (spin-on glass), LTO (Low Temperature Oxide, low-temperature CVD-SiO2), low-melting glass, glass paste, etc. SiO X -based materials (materials constituting a silicon-based oxide film); SiN-based materials including SiON-based materials; SiOC; SiOF; SiCN can be mentioned. Alternatively, titanium oxide (TiO2), tantalum oxide (Ta2O5), aluminum oxide (Al2O3), magnesium oxide (MgO), chromium oxide (CrO x )), zirconium oxide (ZrO2), niobium oxide (Nb2O5), tin oxide (SnO2), vanadium oxide (VO xExamples of such inorganic insulating materials include. Alternatively, various resins such as polyimide resins, epoxy resins, and acrylic resins, and low dielectric constant insulating materials such as SiOCH, organic SOG, and fluorine-based resins (for example, materials with a dielectric constant k (= ε / ε0) of, for example, 3.5 or less, specifically, for example, fluorocarbons, cycloperfluorocarbon polymers, benzocyclobutene, cyclic fluorine-based resins, polytetrafluoroethylene, amorphous tetrafluoroethylene, polyaryl ether, aryl ether fluoride, polyimide fluoride, amorphous carbon, parylene (polyparylene), fullerene fluoride) can be mentioned. And Silk (a trademark of The Dow Chemical Co., a coating-type low dielectric constant interlayer insulating film material), Flare (a trademark of Honeywell Electronic Materials Co., a polyallyl ether (PAE)-based material) can also be exemplified. And these can be used alone or in appropriate combinations. In some cases, the substrate may be composed of the materials described above. The insulating layer, interlayer insulating layer, and substrate can be formed based on known methods such as various CVD methods, various coating methods, various PVD methods including sputtering and vacuum evaporation methods, various printing methods such as screen printing, plating, electrodeposition, dipping, sol-gel methods, etc.

[0068] In order to further improve the light extraction efficiency, the organic EL display device preferably has a resonator structure. Specifically, between the first interface formed by the interface between the first electrode and the organic layer (or the first interface formed by the interface between the light reflection layer provided below the first electrode and the portion of the interlayer insulating layer located thereon) and the second interface formed by the interface between the second electrode and the organic layer, the light emitted from the light emitting layer is resonated, and a part of it is emitted from the second electrode. Let the optical distance from the maximum light emission position of the light emitting layer to the first interface be OL1, the optical distance from the maximum light emission position of the light emitting layer to the second interface be OL2, and when m1 and m2 are integers, the following equations (1-1) and (1-2) can be satisfied.

[0069] 0.7{-Φ1 / (2π)+m1}≦2×OL1 / λ≦1.2{-Φ1 / (2π)+m1} (1-1) 0.7{-Φ2 / (2π)+m2}≦2×OL2 / λ≦1.2{-Φ2 / (2π)+m2} (1-2) Here λ: Maximum peak wavelength of the spectrum of the light generated in the light-emitting layer (alternatively, a desired wavelength among the light generated in the light-emitting layer) Φ1: Amount of phase shift of the light reflected at the first interface (unit: radian). However, -2π < Φ1 ≦ 0 Φ2: Amount of phase shift of the light reflected at the second interface (unit: radian). However, -2π < Φ2 ≦ 0 is the case.

[0070] Here, the value of m1 is a value of 0 or more, and the value of m2 is, independently of the value of m1, a value of 0 or more. However, forms such as (m1, m2) = (0, 0), (m1, m2) = (0, 1), (m1, m2) = (1, 0), and (m1, m2) = (1, 1) can be exemplified.

[0071] The distance L1 from the maximum light-emitting position of the light-emitting layer to the first interface refers to the actual distance (physical distance) from the maximum light-emitting position of the light-emitting layer to the first interface, and the distance L2 from the maximum light-emitting position of the light-emitting layer to the second interface refers to the actual distance (physical distance) from the maximum light-emitting position of the light-emitting layer to the second interface. Also, the optical distance is also called the optical path length, and generally refers to n×L when a light ray passes through a medium with a refractive index n for a distance L. The same applies hereinafter. Therefore, when the average refractive index is n ave is the case OL1 = L1×n ave OL2 = L2×n ave there is a relationship of. Here, the average refractive index n ave is the sum of the products of the refractive indices and thicknesses of the respective layers constituting the organic layer (alternatively, the organic layer and the interlayer insulating layer), divided by the thickness of the organic layer (alternatively, the organic layer and the interlayer insulating layer).

[0072] Determine the desired wavelength λ (specifically, for example, the wavelength of red, the wavelength of green, or the wavelength of blue) of the light generated in the light-emitting layer, and obtain various parameters such as OL1 and OL2 in the light-emitting element based on Formula (1-1) and Formula (1-2), and then design the light-emitting element.

[0073] The first electrode or the light reflection layer and the second electrode absorb a part of the incident light and reflect the rest. Therefore, a phase shift occurs in the reflected light. The amount of this phase shift Φ1 and Φ2 can be obtained by measuring the real part and the imaginary part values of the complex refractive index of the materials constituting the first electrode or the light reflection layer and the second electrode using, for example, an ellipsometer, and performing calculations based on these values (see, for example, "Principles of Optic", Max Born and Emil Wolf, 1974 (PERGAMON PRESS)). The refractive index of the organic layer, the interlayer insulating layer, etc., or also, when the first electrode absorbs a part of the incident light and reflects the rest, the refractive index of the first electrode can also be obtained by measuring it using an ellipsometer.

[0074] Examples of the material constituting the light reflection layer include aluminum, aluminum alloys (for example, Al-Nd and Al-Cu), Al / Ti laminated structures, Al-Cu / Ti laminated structures, chromium (Cr), silver (Ag), and silver alloys (for example, Ag-Cu, Ag-Pd-Cu, Ag-Sm-Cu). And it can be formed by, for example, vapor deposition methods including electron beam vapor deposition method, thermal filament vapor deposition method, vacuum vapor deposition method, sputtering method, CVD method, or ion plating method; plating methods (electroplating method or electroless plating method); lift-off method; laser ablation method; sol-gel method, etc. Depending on the material constituting the light reflection layer, it is preferable to form, for example, an underlayer made of TiN in order to control the crystal state of the formed light reflection layer.

[0075] Thus, in an organic EL display device having a resonator structure, actually, a red light-emitting element configured by combining an organic layer that emits white light and a red color filter layer (or a planarization layer that functions as a red color filter layer) resonates the red light emitted from the light-emitting layer and emits light with a reddish tint (light having a peak in the light spectrum in the red region) from the second electrode. Further, a green light-emitting element configured by combining an organic layer that emits white light and a green color filter layer (or a planarization layer that functions as a green color filter layer) resonates the green light emitted from the light-emitting layer and emits light with a greenish tint (light having a peak in the light spectrum in the green region) from the second electrode. Furthermore, a blue light-emitting element configured by combining an organic layer that emits white light and a blue color filter layer (or a planarization layer that functions as a blue color filter layer) resonates the blue light emitted from the light-emitting layer and emits light with a bluish tint (light having a peak in the light spectrum in the blue region) from the second electrode. That is, a desired wavelength λ (specifically, the wavelength of red, the wavelength of green, the wavelength of blue) of the light generated in the light-emitting layer is determined, and based on equations (1-1) and (1-2), various parameters such as OL1 and OL2 in each of the red light-emitting element, the green light-emitting element, and the blue light-emitting element are obtained, and each light-emitting element may be designed. For example, paragraph number

[0041] of JP-A-2012-216495 discloses an organic EL element having a resonator structure with an organic layer as a resonant portion, and since it is possible to appropriately adjust the distance from the light-emitting point to the reflective surface, it is described that the film thickness of the organic layer is preferably 80 nm or more and 500 nm or less, and more preferably 150 nm or more and 350 nm or less.

[0076] In an organic EL display device, it is desirable that the thickness of the hole transport layer (hole supply layer) and the thickness of the electron transport layer (electron supply layer) be approximately equal. Alternatively, the electron transport layer (electron supply layer) may be made thicker than the hole transport layer (hole supply layer), whereby it becomes possible to supply sufficient electrons to the light-emitting layer, which is necessary for high efficiency at a low driving voltage. That is, by disposing a hole transport layer between the first electrode corresponding to the anode electrode and the light-emitting layer and forming it with a film thickness thinner than that of the electron transport layer, it becomes possible to increase the supply of holes. As a result, a carrier balance can be obtained in which there is no excess or deficiency of holes and electrons and the carrier supply amount is also sufficiently large, so that high luminous efficiency can be obtained. Further, since there is no excess or deficiency of holes and electrons, the carrier balance is difficult to collapse, driving deterioration is suppressed, and the luminous lifetime can be extended.

Example

[0077] Example 1 relates to the display device of the present disclosure. A schematic partial cross-sectional view of a light-emitting element (however, located within the reference point) constituting the display device of Example 1 is shown in FIG. 1, and a schematic partial cross-sectional view of a light-emitting element (however, located away from the reference point) is shown in FIG. 2. Further, the positional relationship between the light-emitting element provided in the display panel of the display device of Example 1 and the reference point is schematically shown in FIG. 3A, and the arrangement relationship of the light-emitting portion, the light emission direction control member, and the third region in the display device of Example 1 is schematically shown in FIGS. 8A and 8B and FIG. 9. Note that FIG. 8A is a diagram schematically showing the arrangement relationship of the light-emitting portion and the light emission direction control member in a portion of the display device showing a schematic partial cross-sectional view in FIG. 1, FIG. 8B is a diagram schematically showing the arrangement relationship of the light-emitting portion and the light emission direction control member in a portion of the display device showing a schematic partial cross-sectional view in FIG. 2, and FIG. 9 is a diagram schematically showing the arrangement relationship of a plurality of light-emitting portions and the like. Specifically, the display device of Example 1 is composed of an organic EL display device, and specifically, the light-emitting element of Example 1 is composed of an organic EL element. Further, the display device of Example 1 is a top emission type (top surface light emission type) display device (top surface light emission type display device) that emits light from the second substrate.

[0078] The display device of Example 1 or Examples 2 to 5 described later has a light-emitting part 30, and a light emission direction control member 50 through which the light emitted from the light-emitting part 30 passes, and includes a plurality of display panels having a light-emitting element 10 including the same, in each light-emitting element 10, the light emission direction control member 50 is composed of a first region 51 and a second region 52 surrounding the first region 51, and the refractive index value n1 of the material constituting the first region 51 is different from the refractive index value n2 of the material constituting the second region 52.

[0079] Also, the light-emitting element 10 of Example 1 or Examples 2 to 5 described later has a light-emitting part 30, and a light emission direction control member 50 through which the light emitted from the light-emitting part 30 passes, and includes the light emission direction control member 50 is composed of a first region 51 and a second region 52 surrounding the first region 51, and the refractive index value n1 of the material constituting the first region 51 is different from the refractive index value n2 of the material constituting the second region 52.

[0080] And in the light-emitting element 10, the light emission direction control member 50 is flat, and in contact with the outer edge part 54 of the light emission direction control member 50, the region (third region 53) located outside the outer edge part 54 is occupied by a material having a refractive index value n3 smaller than the refractive index value n2 of the material constituting the second region 52. Also, n1 < n2 is satisfied.

[0081] Furthermore, the light-emitting element 10 of Example 1 is a light-emitting element of the first configuration. Depending on the position of the light-emitting element 10 on the display panel, the emission direction of the light emitted from the center of the light-emitting portion 30 and passing through the light emission direction control member 50 is different from the emission direction from the light emission direction control member 50. In this case, when the distance between the normal line LN passing through the center of the light-emitting portion 30 and the normal line LN' passing through the centroid of the first region 51 of the light emission direction control member 50 is D0, as shown in FIG. 2, in at least a part of the light-emitting element 10 provided on the display panel, the value of the distance D0 is not zero.

[0082] Furthermore, the light-emitting element 10 of Example 1 is a light-emitting element of the second configuration. As shown in FIG. 3A, a reference point P is set, In at least a part of the light-emitting element 10 provided on the display panel, depending on the distance D1 from the reference point P to the normal line LN passing through the center of the light-emitting portion 30, the emission direction of the light emitted from the center of the light-emitting portion 30 and passing through the light emission direction control member 50 is set from the light emission direction control member 50. Here, the value of the distance D0 depends on the value of the distance D1. Also, depending on the value of the distance D1, not only the position of the first region 51 (i.e., the value of the distance D0), but also at least one of the shape, the relationship between n1 and n2, the size, the height, and the number may be changed.

[0083] In addition, whether the light passing through the light emission direction control member 50 is converging light, diverging light, or parallel light is based on the specifications required for the display device. Then, based on this specification, the light emission direction control member 50 may be designed. When the light passing through the light emission direction control member 50 is converging light, the position of the space where the image emitted from the display device is formed may or may not be on the normal line of the reference point P, depending on the specifications required for the display device. In order to control the display size, display position, etc. of the image emitted from the display device, an optical system through which the image emitted from the display device passes may be arranged. What kind of optical system is arranged also depends on the specifications required for the display device. For example, an imaging lens system can be exemplified.

[0084] As schematically shown in FIG. 3A for the positional relationship between the light-emitting element 10 and the reference point P, in Example 1, the reference point P is assumed to be within the display panel. However, the reference point P is not located in the central region of the display panel. In FIGS. 3A, 3B, 18A, and 18B, the central region of the display panel is indicated by a black triangle, the light-emitting element 10 is indicated by a square, and the center of the light-emitting portion 30 is indicated by a black square. And although one reference point P is assumed, the reference point P is indicated by a black circle. Since the reference point P may include a certain spread, in some of the light-emitting elements 10 (specifically, one or more light-emitting elements 10 included in the reference point P), the value of the distance D0 is 0, and in the remaining light-emitting elements 10, the value of the distance D0 is not 0.

[0085] In the display device of the embodiment, the light emitted from each light-emitting element 10 and passing through the light emission direction control member 50 converges (is condensed) in a certain region of the space outside the display device. Alternatively, the light emitted from each light-emitting element 10 and passing through the light emission direction control member 50 diverges in the space outside the display device. Alternatively, the light emitted from each light-emitting element 10 and passing through the light emission direction control member 50 is parallel light.

[0086] Also, in Example 1, a reference point P is set, a plurality of light-emitting elements 10 are arranged in a first direction (specifically, the X direction) and a second direction (specifically, the Y direction) different from the first direction, the distance between the normal line LN passing through the center of the light-emitting portion 30 and the normal line LN' passing through the center of gravity of the first region 51 of the light emission direction control member 50 is D0, and the distance from the reference point P to the normal line LN passing through the center of the light-emitting portion 30 is D1. When the values of the first direction (X direction) and the second direction (Y direction) of the distance D0 are D 0-X , D 0-Y and the values of the first direction (X direction) and the second direction (Y direction) of the distance D1 are D 1-X , D 1-Y respectively, [A] With respect to the change in D 1-X , D 0-X changes linearly, and with respect to the change in D 1-Y ​0-Y It may be designed to change linearly, [B]D 1-X with respect to the change of D 0-X changes linearly, and D 1-Y with respect to the change of D 0-Y it may be designed to change non-linearly, [C]D 1-X with respect to the change of D 0-X changes non-linearly, and D 1-Y with respect to the change of D 0-Y it may be designed to change linearly, [D]D 1-X with respect to the change of D 0-X changes non-linearly, and D 1-Y with respect to the change of D 0-Y it may be designed to change non-linearly.

[0087] In FIGS. 4A, 4B, 4C, 4D, 5A, 5B, 5C, 5D, 6A, 6B, 6C, 6D, 7A, 7B, 7C, and 7D, D 1-X of D with respect to the change of D 0-X change, D 1-Y of D with respect to the change of D 0-Y of D are schematically shown. In these figures, the white arrows indicate linear changes, and the black arrows indicate non-linear changes. Also, when the arrow points outward from the display panel, it indicates that the light passing through the light emission direction control member 50 is divergent light, and when the arrow points inward from the display panel, it indicates that the light passing through the light emission direction control member 50 is convergent light or parallel light.

[0088] Furthermore, in the light emitting element 10 of Example 1, a reference point P is set, when the distance between the normal line LN passing through the center of the light emitting part 30 and the normal line LN' passing through the centroid of the first region 51 of the light emission direction control member 50 is D0, and the distance from the reference point P to the normal line LN passing through the center of the light emitting part 30 is D1, it may be designed such that the value of the distance D0 increases as the value of the distance D1 increases. D 1-X ,D 1-Y D depending on the change of D 0-X ,D0-Y The change may be determined based on the specifications required for the display device.

[0089] As shown in FIGS. 8A, 8B, and 9, the orthographic image of the light emission direction control member 50 includes the orthographic image of the light emitting unit 30. The outer shapes of the light emitting unit 30 and the light emission direction control member 50 are hexagonal (honeycomb shape), and the outer edge of the third region 53 (the boundary with the adjacent third region 53) is hexagonal, but it is not limited to such a shape. Also, although the horizontal cross-sectional shape of the first region 51 is circular, it is not limited to such a shape. Here, the outer edge of the light emitting unit 30 is indicated by a dashed line, the outer edge 54 of the light emission direction control member 50 is indicated by a solid line, the first region 51 is indicated by a solid line, and the outer edge of the third region 53 (the boundary with the adjacent third region 53) is indicated by a dotted line. The same applies to FIGS. 10A, 10B, 10C, 11A, 11B, 11C, 12A, and 12B. The shape of the entire light emission direction control member 50 is columnar (regular hexagonal columnar). Also, the number of flat light emission direction control members 50 for one light emitting unit 30 is essentially arbitrary and may be one or more, but in Example 1, it is set to one. Furthermore, although the number of the first regions 51 provided in each light emission direction control member 50 is set to one, it may be two or more.

[0090] The material constituting the first region 51, the material constituting the second region 52, and the material constituting the third region 53 are made of, for example, an acrylic resin. That is, the material constituting the first region 51, the material constituting the second region 52, and the material constituting the third region 53 are made of the same material (however, the refractive indices are different). The top surface of the flat light emission direction control member 50 may be flat as shown in the figure, may have a convex shape, or may have a concave shape. The values of n1, n2, and n3 are as follows. n1 = n3 = 1.38 n2 = 1.50

[0091] The outer edge portion 54 of the flat light emission direction control member 50 is perpendicular or substantially perpendicular. Specifically, the inclination angle of the outer edge portion 54 of the flat light emission direction control member 50 can be exemplified as 80 degrees to 100 degrees.

[0092] As described above, in the display device of Example 1 or Example 2 to Example 5 described later, the light emitting portion 30 includes an organic electroluminescence layer (organic EL layer). That is, the display devices of Example 1 to Example 5 are composed of an organic electroluminescence display device (organic EL display device), and the light emitting element 10 is composed of an organic electroluminescence element (organic EL element).

[0093] Specifically, the display device of Example 1 or Example 2 to Example 5 described later includes a first substrate 11, a second substrate 41, and a plurality of light emitting elements 10 (10R, 10G, 10B) located between the first substrate 11 and the second substrate 41 and arranged two-dimensionally. And the light emitting element 10 (10R, 10G, 10B) includes a light emitting portion 30. The light emitting portion 30 provided on the substrate 26 formed on the first substrate 11 includes a first electrode 31. a second electrode 32, and an organic layer (including a light emitting layer including an organic electroluminescence layer) 33 sandwiched between the first electrode 31 and the second electrode 32. And it includes at least In Example 1, the light from the organic layer 33 is emitted to the outside through the second substrate 41.

[0094] And on the light incident side or the light emission side of the light emission direction control member 50 (in the display device of Example 1, on the light incident side of the light emission direction control member 50), there is a color filter layer CF R , CF G , CF B(Hereinafter, it may be collectively referred to as the color filter layer CF) is provided. Specifically, on the second electrode 32, a protective layer 34 made of an acrylic resin is formed so as to cover the second electrode 32. On the top surface or above the protective layer 34 (in Example 1, specifically, on the protective layer 34), a color filter layer CF made of a well-known material is formed by a well-known method, and a light emission direction control member 50 is provided on the color filter layer CF. A planarization layer 35 is formed on the color filter layer CF and the light emission direction control member 50. The orthographic image of the light emission direction control member 50 is included in the orthographic image of the color filter layer CF.

[0095] The color filter layer CF (CF R ,CF G ,CF B ) and the planarization layer 35 formed on the light emission direction control member 50 are bonded to the second substrate 41 via a sealing resin layer 36. Examples of the material constituting the sealing resin layer 36 include thermosetting adhesives such as acrylic adhesives, epoxy adhesives, urethane adhesives, silicone adhesives, and cyanoacrylate adhesives, and ultraviolet curable adhesives. The color filter layer CF is an on-chip color filter layer (OCCF) formed on the first substrate side. As a result, the distance between the organic layer 33 and the color filter layer CF can be shortened, and it is possible to suppress the light emitted from the organic layer 33 from entering the adjacent color filter layer CF of another color and causing color mixing, and a wide lens design of the light emission direction control member 50 becomes possible.

[0096] In the light-emitting elements 10 of Examples 1 to 5 composed of organic EL elements, the organic layer 33 has a laminated structure of a red light-emitting layer, a green light-emitting layer, and a blue light-emitting layer. One pixel is composed of three light-emitting elements: a red light-emitting element 10R, a green light-emitting element 10G, and a blue light-emitting element 10B. The organic layer 33 constituting the light-emitting element 10 emits white light, and each of the light-emitting elements 10R, 10G, and 10B is the organic layer 33 that emits white light and the color filter layer CF R ,CF G ,CF BIt is composed of a combination with. The red light-emitting element 10R for displaying red is provided with a red color filter layer CF R is provided, and the green light-emitting element 10G for displaying green is provided with a green color filter layer CF G is provided, and the blue light-emitting element 10B for displaying blue is provided with a blue color filter layer CF B is provided. The red light-emitting element 10R, the green light-emitting element 10G, and the blue light-emitting element 10B have substantially the same configuration and structure except for the parameters of the light emission direction control member 50, the color filter layer, and the position of the light-emitting layer. The number of pixels is, for example, 1920×1080. One light-emitting element (display element) constitutes one sub-pixel, and the light-emitting elements (specifically, organic EL elements) are three times the number of pixels. In the display device of Example 1, as the arrangement of sub-pixels, the delta arrangement shown in FIG. 29A can be cited. However, it can also be a stripe arrangement or the like as shown in FIGS. 29B, 29C, and 29D. In some cases, one pixel may be constituted by the red light-emitting element 10R, the green light-emitting element 10G, the blue light-emitting element 10B, and a light-emitting element that emits white (or a light-emitting element that emits complementary color light).

[0097] In FIGS. 30A and 30B, and FIGS. 30C and 30D, the arrangement relationship between the first electrodes 31R, 31G, 31B and the color filter layers CF R , CF G , CF B is schematically shown. In FIGS. 30B and 30D, the color filter layers CF R , CF G , CF B are shown by dotted lines. In particular, in applications such as an electronic viewfinder where one pays attention to the shaking of the eyes (that is, the angular field of view), by adjusting the sizes of the color filter layers CF R , CF G , CF B in the red light-emitting element 10R, the green light-emitting element 10G, and the blue light-emitting element 10B, and the sizes of the first electrodes 31R, 31G, 31B, specifically, as shown in FIGS. 30A and 30B, (The width of the first electrode of the red light-emitting element)=(The width of the first electrode of the green light-emitting element)>(The width of the first electrode of the blue light-emitting element) By doing so, the color intensities with the viewing angles of the red light-emitting element, green light-emitting element, and blue light-emitting element each including the organic layer 33 that emits white light as parameters become comparable, and the occurrence of coloration (viewing angle coloration) due to the viewing angle can be avoided. Further, as shown in FIGS. 30C and 30D, when two blue light-emitting elements are arranged diagonally and the red light-emitting element and the green light-emitting element are arranged diagonally, it is preferable to notch the opposing portions of the first electrode 31R constituting the red light-emitting element and the first electrode 31G constituting the green light-emitting element. Furthermore, in order to maintain the viewing angle symmetry of the azimuth angle, it is more preferable to notch the portion of the first electrode 31R that opposes the notched portion of the first electrode 31R of the red light-emitting element and the portion of the first electrode 31G that opposes the notched portion of the first electrode 31G of the green light-emitting element.

[0098] Below the substrate (interlayer insulating layer) 26 made of SiO2 formed based on the CVD method, a light-emitting element driving unit is provided. The light-emitting element driving unit can have a well-known circuit configuration. The light-emitting element driving unit is composed of transistors (specifically, MOSFETs) formed on a silicon semiconductor substrate corresponding to the first substrate 11. The transistor 20 composed of MOSFETs includes a gate insulating layer 22 formed on the first substrate 11, a gate electrode 21 formed on the gate insulating layer 22, a source / drain region 24 formed on the first substrate 11, a channel formation region 23 formed between the source / drain regions 24, and an element isolation region 25 surrounding the channel formation region 23 and the source / drain region 24. The transistor 20 and the first electrode 31 are electrically connected via a contact plug 27 provided in the substrate 26. In the drawing, one transistor 20 is illustrated for one light-emitting element driving unit.

[0099] The second electrode 32 is connected to the light-emitting element driving unit via a contact hole (contact plug) (not shown) formed in the substrate (interlayer insulating layer) 26 at the outer peripheral portion of the display panel. At the outer peripheral portion of the display panel, an auxiliary electrode connected to the second electrode 32 may be provided below the second electrode 32, and the auxiliary electrode may be connected to the light-emitting element driving unit.

[0100] The first electrode 31 functions as an anode electrode, and the second electrode 32 functions as a cathode electrode. The first electrode 31 is composed of a laminated structure of a light reflection material layer, specifically, for example, an Al-Nd alloy layer, an Al-Cu alloy layer, an Al-Ti alloy layer, and an ITO layer. The second electrode 32 is made of a transparent conductive material such as ITO. The first electrode 31 is formed on the substrate (interlayer insulating layer) 26 based on a combination of a vacuum evaporation method and an etching method. Further, the second electrode 32 is formed by a film-forming method in which the energy of film-forming particles is small, such as a vacuum evaporation method in particular, and is not patterned. The organic layer 33 is also not patterned. However, the present invention is not limited thereto, and the organic layer 33 may be patterned. That is, the organic layer 33 may be painted separately for each sub-pixel, the organic layer 33 of the red light-emitting element may be composed of an organic layer that emits red light, the organic layer 33 of the green light-emitting element may be composed of an organic layer that emits green light, and the organic layer 33 of the blue light-emitting element may be composed of an organic layer that emits blue light.

[0101] In Example 1, the organic layer 33 has a laminated structure of a hole injection layer (HIL), a hole transport layer (HTL), a light-emitting layer, an electron transport layer (ETL), and an electron injection layer (EIL). The light-emitting layer is composed of at least two light-emitting layers that emit different colors. As described above, the light emitted from the organic layer 33 is white. Specifically, the organic layer has a structure in which three layers, a red light-emitting layer that emits red light, a green light-emitting layer that emits green light, and a blue light-emitting layer that emits blue light, are laminated as described above. The organic layer may also have a structure in which two layers, a blue light-emitting layer that emits blue light and a yellow light-emitting layer that emits yellow light, are laminated, or a structure in which two layers, a blue light-emitting layer that emits blue light and an orange light-emitting layer that emits orange light, are laminated.

[0102] The positive hole injection layer is a layer that enhances the positive hole injection efficiency and functions as a buffer layer to prevent leakage, and its thickness is, for example, about 2 nm to 10 nm. The positive hole injection layer is composed of, for example, a hexaazatriphenylene derivative represented by the following formula (A) or formula (B). Incidentally, when the end face of the positive hole injection layer is in contact with the second electrode, it becomes the main cause of luminance variation between pixels, leading to a decrease in display image quality.

[0103] TIFF0007707924000001.tif64158

[0104] Here, R 1 ~R 6 are each independently a substituent selected from hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy group, amino group, arylamino group, a substituted or unsubstituted carbonyl group having 20 or less carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted carbonyl ester group having 20 or less carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 20 or less carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having 20 or less carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group having 20 or less carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 30 or less carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group having 30 or less carbon atoms, nitrile group, cyano group, nitro group, or silyl group, and adjacent R m (m = 1 to 6) may be bonded to each other via a cyclic structure. Also, X 1 ~X 6 are each independently a carbon or nitrogen atom.

[0105] TIFF0007707924000002.tif56158

[0106] The positive hole transport layer is a layer that enhances the positive hole transport efficiency to the light emitting layer. In the light emitting layer, when an electric field is applied, recombination of electrons and positive holes occurs, generating light. The electron transport layer is a layer that enhances the electron transport efficiency to the light emitting layer, and the electron injection layer is a layer that enhances the electron injection efficiency to the light emitting layer.

[0107] The positive hole transport layer is made of, for example, 4,4’,4”-tris(3-methylphenylphenylamino)triphenylamine (m-MTDATA) or α-naphthylphenyldiamine (αNPD) with a thickness of about 40 nm.

[0108] The light-emitting layer is a light-emitting layer that generates white light by color mixing. For example, as described above, a red light-emitting layer, a green light-emitting layer, and a blue light-emitting layer are laminated.

[0109] In the red light-emitting layer, when an electric field is applied, a part of the holes injected from the first electrode 31 and a part of the electrons injected from the second electrode 32 recombine to generate red light. Such a red light-emitting layer contains, for example, at least one of a red light-emitting material, a hole-transporting material, an electron-transporting material, and a bipolar charge-transporting material. The red light-emitting material may be a fluorescent material or a phosphorescent material. The red light-emitting layer with a thickness of about 5 nm is made of, for example, a mixture of 4,4-bis(2,2-diphenylvinyl)biphenyl (DPVBi) and 2,6-bis[(4’-methoxydiphenylamino)styryl]-1,5-dicyanonaphthalene (BSN) at 30% by mass.

[0110] In the green light-emitting layer, when an electric field is applied, a part of the holes injected from the first electrode 31 and a part of the electrons injected from the second electrode 32 recombine to generate green light. Such a green light-emitting layer contains, for example, at least one of a green light-emitting material, a hole-transporting material, an electron-transporting material, and a bipolar charge-transporting material. The green light-emitting material may be a fluorescent material or a phosphorescent material. The green light-emitting layer with a thickness of about 10 nm is made of, for example, a mixture of DPVBi and coumarin 6 at 5% by mass.

[0111] In the blue light-emitting layer, when an electric field is applied, a part of the holes injected from the first electrode 31 and a part of the electrons injected from the second electrode 32 recombine to generate blue light. Such a blue light-emitting layer contains, for example, at least one of a blue light-emitting material, a hole-transporting material, an electron-transporting material, and a bipolar charge-transporting material. The blue light-emitting material may be a fluorescent material or a phosphorescent material. The blue light-emitting layer having a thickness of about 30 nm is composed of, for example, a mixture of 2.5% by mass of 4,4'-bis[2-{4-(N,N-diphenylamino)phenyl}vinyl]biphenyl (DPAVBi) in DPVBi.

[0112] The electron-transporting layer having a thickness of about 20 nm is composed of, for example, aluminum tris(8-hydroxyquinoline) (Alq3). The electron-injecting layer having a thickness of about 0.3 nm is composed of, for example, LiF or Li2O.

[0113] However, the materials constituting each layer are merely examples and are not limited to these materials. Also, for example, the light-emitting layer may be composed of a blue light-emitting layer and a yellow light-emitting layer, or may be composed of a blue light-emitting layer and an orange light-emitting layer.

[0114] The light-emitting element 10 has a resonator structure with the organic layer 33 as a resonance part. In order to appropriately adjust the distance from the light-emitting surface to the reflecting surface (specifically, the distance from the light-emitting surface to the first electrode 31 and the second electrode 32), the thickness of the organic layer 33 is 8×10 -8 m or more and 5×10 -7 m or less, preferably 1.5×10 -7 m or more and 3.5×10 -7It is more preferably m or less. In the organic EL display device having a resonator structure, actually, the red light-emitting element 10R resonates the red light emitted from the light-emitting layer and emits reddish light (light having a peak of the light spectrum in the red region) from the second electrode 32. Further, the green light-emitting element 10G resonates the green light emitted from the light-emitting layer and emits greenish light (light having a peak of the light spectrum in the green region) from the second electrode 32. Furthermore, the blue light-emitting element 10B resonates the blue light emitted from the light-emitting layer and emits bluish light (light having a peak of the light spectrum in the blue region) from the second electrode 32.

[0115] Hereinafter, the outline of the manufacturing method of the light-emitting element 10 of Example 1 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 will be described.

[0116] [Process - 100] First, a light-emitting element driving portion is formed on a silicon semiconductor substrate (first substrate 11) based on a known MOSFET manufacturing process.

[0117] [Process - 110] Next, a substrate (interlayer insulating layer) 26 is formed entirely based on the CVD method.

[0118] [Process - 120] Then, a connection hole is formed in a portion of the substrate 26 located above one source / drain region 24 of the transistor 20 based on photolithography technology and etching technology. A metal layer is formed on the substrate 26 including the connection hole based on, for example, a sputtering method. Next, the metal layer is patterned based on photolithography technology and etching technology, whereby the first electrode 31 can be formed on a part of the substrate 26. The first electrode 31 is separated for each light-emitting element. In addition, a contact hole (contact plug) 27 for electrically connecting the first electrode 31 and the transistor 20 can be formed in the connection hole.

[0119] [Process - 130] Next, for example, based on the CVD method, after forming the insulating layer 28 entirely, the insulating layer 28 is left on the substrate 26 between the first electrodes 31 based on photolithography technology and etching technology.

[0120] [Process - 140] Thereafter, an organic layer 33 is formed on the first electrode 31 and the insulating layer 28 by, for example, a PVD method such as vacuum evaporation or sputtering, or a coating method such as spin coating or die coating. In some cases, the organic layer 33 may be patterned into a desired shape.

[0121] [Process - 150] Next, for example, based on vacuum evaporation or the like, the second electrode 32 is formed entirely. In some cases, the second electrode 32 may be patterned into a desired shape. In this way, the organic layer 33 and the second electrode 32 can be formed on the first electrode 31.

[0122] [Process - 160] Thereafter, based on a coating method, the protective layer 34 is formed entirely, and then the top surface of the protective layer 34 is flattened. Since the protective layer 34 can be formed based on a coating method, there are few restrictions on the processing process, the material selection range is wide, and a high refractive index material can be used. Thereafter, in a well-known method, a color filter layer CF (CF R , CF G , CF B ) is formed on the protective layer 34, and further, a light emission direction control member 50 is formed on the color filter layer CF. Specifically, a light emission direction control member formation layer for forming the light emission direction control member 50 is formed on the color filter layer CF, and a resist material layer is formed thereon. Then, by patterning the resist material layer, a light emission direction control member 50 composed of a void (hole portion) to form the first region 51 and the second region 52 can be obtained.

[0123] [Process - 170] Then, a planarization layer 35 is formed over the color filter layer CF and the light emission direction control member 50. A part of the planarization layer 35 (the extending portion of the planarization layer 35) intrudes into the space where the first region 51 is to be formed, and the first region 51 is formed. Further, a third region 53 surrounding the second region 52 is formed by a part of the planarization layer 35 (the extending portion of the planarization layer 35). Thereafter, the planarization layer 35 and the second substrate 41 are bonded together by a sealing resin layer 36 made of an acrylic-based adhesive. Thus, the light-emitting element (organic EL element) 10 and the display device of Example 1 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 can be obtained. In this way, by providing the color filter layer CF on the first substrate side instead of on the second substrate side, that is, adopting a so-called OCCF type, the distance between the organic layer 33 and the color filter layer CF can be shortened, and there is little possibility of problems occurring in alignment with the organic layer 33.

[0124] In the light-emitting element or display device of Example 1, since the light emission direction control member is composed of a first region and a second region made of materials having different refractive indices, the direction of light emitted from the light emission direction control member can be surely and accurately controlled. Specifically, by optimizing the position, shape, relationship between n1 and n2, size, and number of the first region, the control of the direction of light emitted from the light emission direction control member, that is, the light distribution control of the light-emitting element, can be surely and accurately performed. Moreover, since the second region (refractive index: n2) is surrounded by the third region (refractive index: n3 < n2), the flat light emission direction control member has a function as a kind of lens, and moreover, the condensing effect in the vicinity of the outer edge portion of the flat light emission direction control member can be effectively enhanced. Further, since the light emission direction control member is flat, it is easy to form, and the manufacturing process can be simplified. Note that the vicinity of the outer edge portion of the flat light emission direction control member 50 is indicated by reference numeral 54A in FIG. 1.

[0125] In the display device of Example 1, when the distance between the normal line LN passing through the center of the light-emitting portion and the normal line LN' passing through the center of gravity of the first region of the light emission direction control member is defined as D0, in at least a part of the light-emitting elements constituting the display device, the value of the distance D0 is not zero. Therefore, depending on the position of the light-emitting elements on the display panel, the direction in which the light emitted from the light-emitting layer and passing through the light emission direction control member travels can be surely and accurately controlled. That is, it is possible to surely and accurately control in what state the image from the display device is emitted toward which region of the external space. Further, by providing the light emission direction control member, it is possible not only to increase the brightness (luminance) of the image emitted from the display device and to prevent color mixing between adjacent pixels, but also to appropriately diverge the light according to the required viewing angle, and it is possible to realize a longer life and higher luminance of the light-emitting elements and the display device. Therefore, it is possible to make the display device smaller, lighter, and of higher quality. In addition, the applications to eyewear, AR (Augmented Reality) glasses, and EVR are significantly expanded.

[0126] In Example 1, a light-emitting element 10 having the following parameters was assumed, and the behavior of the light emitted from the light-emitting portion 30 and passing through the light emission direction control member 50, specifically, the luminance in the front direction was simulated. That is, in the light-emitting element of Example 1, the relationship between the light ray angle θ (unit: degree) and the light quantity (luminance) when the distance D0 was changed was simulated. The result is shown in the graph of FIG. 17. Here, in the simulation, a wave analysis simulation was performed based on the FDTD method (Finite-difference Time-Domain method). Further, the refractive index of each layer was set as shown in Table 1 below, and the parameters such as the light emission direction control member 50 were set as shown in Table 2 below.

[0127] 〈Table 1〉 Second substrate 41: Refractive index 1.50 Flattening layer 35: Refractive index 1.38 First region 51: Refractive index 1.38 Second region 52: Refractive index 1.50 Third region 53: Refractive index 1.38 Protective layer 34: upper layer with a refractive index of 1.50 Two-layer structure of the lower layer with a refractive index of 1.80 Second electrode 32: refractive index (real part) 0.96 Organic layer 33: refractive index 1.80

[0128] 〈Table 2〉 Planar shape of the outer edge of the second region 52: circular with a diameter of 5.8 μm Horizontal cross-sectional shape of the first region 51: circular with a diameter of 0.3 μm Height of the light emission direction control member 50: 2.0 μm Maximum distance from the light emitting part 30 to the bottom surface of the light emission direction control member 50: 5.5 μm Planar shape of the light emitting part 30: circular with a diameter of 2.6 μm

[0129] In addition, in FIG. 17, “A” shows the simulation result at a distance D0 = 0.0 μm, “B” shows the simulation result at a distance D0 = 0.3 μm, and “C” shows the simulation result at a distance D0 = 0.6 μm. Here, the light ray angle refers to the angle formed by the light ray emitted from the light emission direction control member 50 and the perpendicular line (normal line) to the light emission surface of the display panel. The principal light ray angle is the light ray angle when the light ray emitted from the light emission direction control member 50 has the highest light quantity (highest luminance).

[0130] 〈Table 3〉 Distance D0, principal light ray angle, relative value of the highest light quantity (luminance) A 0.0 μm 0 degrees 1.00 B 0.3 μm 2 degrees 0.93 C 0.6 μm 4 degrees 0.84

[0131] As shown in Fig. 17, the principal ray angle can be controlled by changing the distance D0, and it can be understood that the flat light emission direction control member 50 has a condensing effect. When considering geometric optics, when a ray collides with the vertical outer edge 54 of the second region 52, the incident angle and the reflection angle are equal, so the light extraction efficiency in the front direction does not improve. However, when considering wave optics and wave analysis (FDTD), the light extraction efficiency near the outer edge of the light emission direction control member 50 improves, and the light extraction efficiency in the front direction improves. In addition, when the relative value of the maximum light amount (maximum luminance) changes depending on the principal ray angle, the relative value of the maximum light amount (maximum luminance) can be made constant (uniform) by controlling the light emission amount in the light emitting part.

[0132] The horizontal cross-sectional shape of the first region 51 is essentially arbitrary and is not limited to the circular shape shown in Figs. 8A and 8B, and includes polygons (including regular polygons) such as quadrilaterals (see Fig. 10A), triangles (see Fig. 10B), hexagons, and octagons, as well as ellipses (see Fig. 10C), oblongs (see Fig. 11A), shapes corresponding to a caret symbol (the shape of the character "へ") (see Fig. 11B), sectors (see Fig. 11C), and shapes corresponding to a Lambert ring (see Fig. 12A). When the display panel is arranged vertically, by arranging the light emission direction control member 50 so that the major axis of the ellipse or oblong is parallel to the vertical direction of the display panel and the minor axis of the ellipse or oblong is parallel to the horizontal direction of the display panel, the viewing angle characteristics in the horizontal direction of the display panel can be improved. In addition, by making it circular, elliptical, or oblong, the fillability of the material having the refractive index n1 in the first region 51 can be improved.

[0133] As a modified example of the display device and the light emitting element of Example 1 (light emitting element of the third configuration), a reference point P is set, a configuration can be cited in which, in at least a part of the light emitting element 10 provided in the display panel, the value of (n2 - n1) is set depending on the distance D1 from the reference point P to the normal line LN passing through the center of the light emitting part 30.

[0134] Alternatively, as a modification of the display device and the light-emitting element of Example 1 (light-emitting element of the fourth configuration), a reference point P is set, In at least a part of the light-emitting element 10 provided in the display panel, a configuration can be cited in which the horizontal cross-sectional shape of the first region 51 is set depending on the distance D1 from the reference point P to the normal line LN passing through the center of the light-emitting portion 30. In such a light-emitting element of the fourth configuration, the horizontal cross-sectional shape of the first region 51 is essentially arbitrary.

[0135] Alternatively, as a modification of the display device and the light-emitting element of Example 1, a form in which the number of the first regions 51 is two or more can also be cited. Fig. 12B shows an example in which the number of the first regions 51 is two.

[0136] Alternatively, as a modification of the display device and the light-emitting element of Example 1, the horizontal cross-sectional shape of the first region 51 is constant or changes along the thickness direction of the light emission direction control member 50 in at least a part of the light-emitting element 10 provided in the display panel. And in this case, in at least a part of the light-emitting element provided in the display panel, the horizontal cross-sectional shape of the first region 51 becomes larger from the light incident surface to the light emission surface of the light emission direction control member 50 (see a schematic partial cross-sectional view of the light emission direction control member 50 in Fig. 13A), or can be in a form that becomes smaller (see a schematic partial cross-sectional view of the light emission direction control member 50 in Fig. 13B). Alternatively, (as shown in the schematic partial cross-sectional view of the light emission direction control member 50 in Fig. 13C), in at least a part of the light-emitting element provided in the display panel, the normal line LN' (indicated by a dotted line) passing through the center of gravity of the first region 51 of the light emission direction control member 50 and the axis AX (indicated by a dashed-dotted line) of the first region 51 passing through the center of gravity (indicated by a black circle) of the first region 51 of the light emission direction control member 50 can intersect at an angle exceeding 0 degrees. That is, the first region 51 can be in a form that extends obliquely with respect to the normal line LN passing through the center of the light-emitting portion 30 when viewed as a whole.

[0137] Alternatively, as a modification of the display device and the light-emitting element of Example 1, when the depth of the first region 51 is H1 and the thickness of the light emission direction control member 50 is H0, 0.5 ≦ H1 / H0 ≦ 1.0 A form that satisfies this can be cited. And in this case, the upper part of the first region 51 is occupied by the material constituting the second region 52 (see the schematic partial cross-sectional view of the light emission direction control member 50 in Fig. 14A), or the lower part of the first region 51 is occupied by the material constituting the second region 52 (see the schematic partial cross-sectional view of the light emission direction control member 50 in Fig. 14B). And the value of H1 / H0 above can be in a form that depends on the value of the distance D1.

[0138] Alternatively, as a modification of the display device and the light-emitting element of Example 1, the horizontal cross-sectional shape of the first region 51 can be a shape that becomes larger toward the substantially central portion in the thickness direction of the first region 51 as shown in Fig. 14C (a drum shape when looking at the entire first region 51), or a shape that becomes smaller toward the substantially central portion in the thickness direction of the first region 51 as shown in Fig. 15A (a drum shape when looking at the entire first region 51). Alternatively, the ridge portion where the side surface (outer edge portion 54) and the top surface of the second region 52 intersect may be rounded or may be notched (see Fig. 15B). Alternatively, the top surface portion of the second region 52 that intersects the top surface of the first region 51 may be rounded or may be notched (see Fig. 15C).

[0139] In the display device of Example 1, it is also possible to adopt a configuration in which a plurality of reference points P are assumed within the display panel. The positional relationship between the light-emitting element 10 and the reference points P1 and P2 is schematically shown in FIG. 3B. In the illustrated example, two reference points P1 and P2 are assumed. Specifically, with the center of the display panel of the display device as the symmetry point, the two reference points P1 and P2 are arranged in two-fold rotational symmetry. Here, at least one reference point P is not included in the central region of the display panel. In the illustrated example, the two reference points P1 and P2 are not included in the central region of the display panel. In some light-emitting elements (specifically, one or more light-emitting elements included in the reference point P), the value of the distance D0 is 0, and in the remaining light-emitting elements, the value of the distance D0 is not 0. Regarding the distance D1 from the reference point to the normal line LN passing through the center of the light-emitting portion 30, the distance between the reference point closer to the normal line LN passing through the center of a certain light-emitting portion 30 is defined as the distance D1. Incidentally, in some cases, in the light-emitting element 10 included in the reference point P, the light emission direction control member 50 may be composed only of the second region 52.

[0140] Further, in the display device of Example 1, it is preferable that optimization of the first region 51 and the second region 52 is achieved in each of the first light-emitting element (red light-emitting element 10R), the second light-emitting element (green light-emitting element 10G), and the third light-emitting element (blue light-emitting element 10B). Specifically, for example, in each of the first light-emitting element, the second light-emitting element, and the third light-emitting element, by optimizing the position, shape, relationship between n1 and n2, size, height, and number of the first region, the control of the direction of light emitted from each of the first light-emitting element, the second light-emitting element, and the third light-emitting element passing through the light emission direction control member 50 (control of light distribution) can be surely and precisely performed. FIG. 16 shows a schematic diagram of looking at the light emission direction control member 50 from above, showing an example in which optimization of the first region 51 and the second region 52 of each of the first light-emitting element (red light-emitting element 10R), the second light-emitting element (green light-emitting element 10G), and the third light-emitting element (blue light-emitting element 10B) is achieved in the display device of Example 1. Incidentally, the horizontal cross-sectional shape of the first region in the first light-emitting element (red light-emitting element 10R) is circular, the horizontal cross-sectional shape of the first region in the second light-emitting element (green light-emitting element 10G) is an equilateral triangle, and the horizontal cross-sectional shape of the first region in the third light-emitting element (blue light-emitting element 10B) is a square, but it is not limited thereto.

Example

[0141] Example 2 is a modification of Example 1. In the display device of Example 2, the reference point P is assumed to be outside the display panel. The positional relationships between the light-emitting element 10 and the reference points P, P1, and P2 are schematically shown in FIGS. 18A and 18B. It can be configured with one assumed reference point P (see FIG. 18A), or alternatively, it can also be configured with a plurality of reference points P (two reference points P1 and P2 are shown in FIG. 18B). With the center of the display panel as the symmetry point, the two reference points P1 and P2 are arranged in two-fold rotational symmetry. The value of the distance D0 is not zero for all the light-emitting elements. Regarding the distance D1 from the reference point to the normal line LN passing through the center of the light-emitting portion 30, the distance between the reference point closer to the normal line LN passing through the center of a certain light-emitting portion 30 is defined as the distance D1. And in these cases, the light emitted from each light-emitting element 10 and passing through the light emission direction control member 50 converges (is focused) in a certain region of the space outside the display device. Alternatively, the light emitted from each light-emitting element 10 and passing through the light emission direction control member 50 diverges in the space outside the display device.

[0142] Except for the above points, the configuration and structure of the display device of Example 2 can be the same as those of the display device described in Example 1, so detailed description is omitted.

Example

[0143] Example 3 is a modification of Examples 1 to 2. In the display devices of Examples 1 to 2, a color filter layer is provided on the light incident side of the light emission direction control member 50. On the other hand, in Example 3, a color filter layer CF R ,CF G ,CF Bis provided. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 19, a schematic partial cross-sectional view of a light-emitting element (however, located within the reference point) that constitutes the display device of Example 3 is shown, and as shown in FIG. 20, a schematic partial cross-sectional view of a light-emitting element (however, located away from the reference point) is shown. A protective layer 34 made of an acrylic resin is formed on the second electrode 32. And a light emission direction control member 50 is provided on the top surface or above the protective layer 34 (specifically, on the protective layer 34). A planarization layer 35 is provided on the light emission direction control member 50. A color filter layer CF is provided between the sealing resin layer 36 made of an acrylic adhesive and the second substrate 41 R ,CF G ,CF B is provided. The color filter layer CF R ,CF G ,CF B and the second substrate 41 are bonded together by the sealing resin layer 36.

[0144] Except for the above points, the configuration and structure of the display device of Example 3 can be the same as those of the display device described in Example 1 or Example 2, so detailed description is omitted.

Example

[0145] Example 4 is also a modification of Examples 1 to 2. As shown in FIG. 21, a schematic partial cross-sectional view of a light-emitting element (however, located within the reference point) that constitutes the display device of Example 4 is shown, and as shown in FIG. 22, a schematic partial cross-sectional view of a light-emitting element (however, located away from the reference point) is shown. In Example 4, the color filter layer CF R ,CF G ,CF Bis omitted. That is, a light emission direction control member 50 is provided on the top surface or above the protective layer 34 (specifically, on the protective layer 34), a planarization layer 35 is provided on the light emission direction control member 50, and the planarization layer 35 and the second substrate 41 are bonded together by a sealing resin layer 36 made of an acrylic adhesive. The light-emitting element is composed of a red light-emitting element 10R in which the organic layer generates red, a green light-emitting element 10G in which the organic layer generates green, and a blue light-emitting element 10B in which the organic layer generates blue. By combining these three types of light-emitting elements (sub-pixels), one pixel is configured. Incidentally, in this case, a color filter layer may be provided to improve color purity.

[0146] Except for the above points, the configuration and structure of the display device of Example 4 can be the same as those of the display device described in Example 1 or Example 2, so detailed description is omitted.

Example

[0147] In Example 5, the display devices described in Examples 1 to 4 were applied to a head-mounted display (HMD). A conceptual diagram of the image display device constituting the head-mounted display of Example 5 is shown in FIG. 31, a schematic diagram of the head-mounted display of Example 5 viewed from above is shown in FIG. 32, a schematic diagram viewed from the front is shown in FIG. 33, and a schematic diagram viewed from the side is shown in FIG. 34A. Further, a schematic cross-sectional view showing an enlarged part of the reflective volume hologram diffraction grating in the display device of Example 5 is shown in FIG. 34B.

[0148] The image display device 100 of Example 5 an image forming device 110 composed of the display device 111 described in Examples 1 to 4, a light guide plate 121, a first deflection means 131 attached to the light guide plate 121, and a second deflection means 132 attached to the light guide plate 121, is provided. And The light from the image forming device 110 is deflected (or reflected) by the first deflection means 131, propagates inside the light guide plate 121 by total internal reflection, is deflected by the second deflection means 132, and is emitted toward the pupil 151 of the observer 150.

[0149] The system composed of the light guide plate 121 and the second deflection means 132 is a semi-transmissive (see-through) type.

[0150] The head-mounted display of Example 5 (A) A frame 140 (for example, a glasses-type frame 140) mounted on the head of the observer 150, and (B) An image display device 100 attached to the frame 140. The head-mounted display of Example 5 is specifically a binocular type equipped with two image display devices, but it may also be a monocular type equipped with one. The image display device 100 may be fixedly attached to the frame 140 or may be detachably attached. The head-mounted display is, for example, a direct-drawing type head-mounted display that directly draws an image on the pupil 151 of the observer 150.

[0151] The light guide plate 121 has a first surface 122 on which light from the image forming device 110 is incident, and a second surface 123 facing the first surface 122. That is, the light guide plate 121 made of an optical glass or plastic material has two parallel surfaces (the first surface 122 and the second surface 123) extending parallel to the light propagation direction (X direction) by total internal reflection inside the light guide plate 121. The first surface 122 and the second surface 123 face each other. The first deflection means 131 is disposed (specifically, bonded) on the second surface 123 of the light guide plate 121, and the second deflection means 132 is disposed (specifically, bonded) on the second surface 123 of the light guide plate 121.

[0152] The first deflection means (first diffraction grating member) 131 is composed of a hologram diffraction grating, specifically, a reflection-type volume hologram diffraction grating. The second deflection means (second diffraction grating member) 132 is also composed of a hologram diffraction grating, specifically, a reflection-type volume hologram diffraction grating. First interference fringes are formed inside the hologram diffraction grating constituting the first deflection means 131, and second interference fringes are formed inside the hologram diffraction grating constituting the second deflection means 132.

[0153] The first deflection means 131 diffractively reflects the parallel light incident on the light guide plate 121 from the second surface 123 so that the parallel light is totally reflected inside the light guide plate 121. The second deflection means 132 diffractively reflects the light that has propagated inside the light guide plate 121 by total reflection and guides it to the pupil 151 of the observer 150. The second deflection means 132 constitutes a virtual image formation region in the light guide plate 121. The axes of the first deflection means 131 and the second deflection means 132 are parallel to the X direction, and the normal is parallel to the Z direction. Each reflection-type volume hologram diffraction grating made of a photopolymer material has interference fringes corresponding to one type of wavelength band (or wavelength) and is manufactured by a conventional method. The pitch of the interference fringes formed in the reflection-type volume hologram diffraction grating is constant, the interference fringes are linear, and are parallel to the Y direction.

[0154] FIG. 34B shows an enlarged schematic partial cross-sectional view of the reflection-type volume hologram diffraction grating. Interference fringes having an inclination angle (slant angle) φ are formed in the reflection-type volume hologram diffraction grating. Here, the inclination angle φ refers to the angle formed by the surface of the reflection-type volume hologram diffraction grating and the interference fringes. The interference fringes extend from the inside to the surface of the reflection-type volume hologram diffraction grating and are formed. The interference fringes satisfy the Bragg condition. Here, the Bragg condition refers to the condition that satisfies the following formula (A). In formula (A), m is a positive integer, λ is the wavelength, d is the pitch of the grating surface (the interval in the normal direction of the virtual plane including the interference fringes), and Θ means the complementary angle of the angle of incidence on the interference fringes. Also, the relationship among Θ, the inclination angle φ, and the incident angle ψ when light enters the diffraction grating member at the incident angle ψ is as shown in formula (B).

[0155] m·λ = 2·d·sin(Θ) (A) Θ = 90° - (φ + ψ) (B)

[0156] In Example 5, the display device 111 constituting the image forming apparatus 110 is composed of the display devices of Examples 1 to 5. The entire image forming apparatus 110 is housed in a housing 112. Note that an optical system through which the image emitted from the display device 111 passes may be arranged in order to control the display size, display position, etc. of the image emitted from the display device 111. Which optical system to arrange depends on the specifications required for the head-mounted display and the image forming apparatus 110. In the case of a head-mounted display or an image forming apparatus that sends images to both eyes from one display device 111, the display devices of Example 1 or Example 2 shown in FIGS. 3B, 18A, and 18B may be employed.

[0157] The frame 140 includes a front portion 141 disposed in front of the observer 150, two temple portions 143 rotatably attached to both ends of the front portion 141 via hinges 142, and modern portions (also called front cells, ear pads, and ear cups) 144 attached to the tip ends of the respective temple portions 143. Also, a nose pad 140' is attached. That is, the assembly of the frame 140 and the nose pad 140' basically has substantially the same structure as ordinary glasses. Further, each housing 112 is attached to the temple portion 143 by an attachment member 149. The frame 140 is made of metal or plastic. Note that each housing 112 may be detachably attached to the temple portion 143 by an attachment member 149. Also, for an observer who owns and wears glasses, each housing 112 may be detachably attached to the temple portion 143 of the frame 140 of the glasses owned by the observer by an attachment member 149. Each housing 112 may be attached to the outside of the temple portion 143 or to the inside of the temple portion 143. Alternatively, the light guide plate 121 may be fitted into a rim provided on the front portion 141.

[0158] Furthermore, a wiring (such as a signal line or a power line) 145 extending from one of the image forming devices 110 extends outside from the tip of the modern portion 144 through the inside of the temple portion 143 and the modern portion 144, and is connected to a control device (control circuit, control means) 148. Furthermore, each image forming device 110 includes a headphone portion 146, and a headphone portion wiring 146' extending from each image forming device 110 extends from the tip of the modern portion 144 to the headphone portion 146 through the inside of the temple portion 143 and the modern portion 144. More specifically, the headphone portion wiring 146' extends from the tip of the modern portion 144 to the headphone portion 146 so as to wrap around the back side of the auricle (pinna). By adopting such a configuration, it is possible to prevent the impression that the headphone portion 146 and the headphone portion wiring 146' are arranged in a messy manner, and a neat head-mounted display can be obtained.

[0159] As described above, the wiring (such as a signal line or a power line) 145 is connected to the control device (control circuit) 148, and processing for image display is performed in the control device 148. The control device 148 can be composed of a well-known circuit.

[0160] In the central portion 141' of the front portion 141, a camera 147 composed of a solid-state imaging device made of a CCD or a CMOS sensor and a lens (not shown) is attached by an appropriate attachment member (not shown) as needed. A signal from the camera 147 is sent to the control device (control circuit) 148 through a wiring (not shown) extending from the camera 147.

[0161] In the image display device of the fifth embodiment, light emitted from the display device 111 at a certain moment (for example, corresponding to the size of one pixel or one sub-pixel) is made into parallel light. Then, this light reaches the pupil 151 (specifically, the crystalline lens) of the observer 150, and the light that has passed through the crystalline lens finally forms an image on the retina of the pupil 151 of the observer 150.

[0162] As described above, the present disclosure has been explained based on preferred embodiments, but the present disclosure is not limited to these embodiments. The configurations and structures of the display device (organic EL display device) and the light-emitting element (organic EL element) described in the embodiments are examples, and can be changed as appropriate. The manufacturing method of the display device is also an example and can be changed as appropriate.

[0163] In the embodiment, the first region and the third region are constituted by a part of the planarization layer (extension of the planarization layer), but it is not limited thereto. When the material constituting the first region is "material A", the material constituting the third region is "material B", and the material constituting the planarization layer is "material C", [1] Material A = Material B = Material C [2] Material A ≠ Material B and Material A = Material C and Material B = Material C [3] Material A = Material B and Material A ≠ Material C and Material B = Material C [4] Material A = Material B and Material A = Material C and Material B ≠ Material C [5] Material A ≠ Material B and Material A = Material C and Material B ≠ Material C [6] Material A = Material B and Material A ≠ Material C and Material B ≠ Material C [7] Material A ≠ Material B and Material A ≠ Material C and Material B = Material C [8] Material A ≠ Material B and Material A ≠ Material C and Material B ≠ Material C Combinations can be listed. Here, "=" means materials with equal refractive indices, and "≠" means materials with different refractive indices.

[0164] The planarization layer can also be configured to function as a color filter layer. That is, such a planarization layer having such a function may be constituted of a well-known color resist material. By also making the planarization layer function as a color filter layer in this way, it becomes possible to arrange the organic layer and the planarization layer close to each other, and even when the light emitted from the light-emitting element is widened, it is possible to effectively prevent color mixing and improve the viewing angle characteristics.

[0165] Also, the light emitted from each light-emitting element 10 and passing through the light emission direction control member 50 can be configured to be parallel light.

[0166] Alternatively, a schematic partial cross-sectional view of a light-emitting element (however, located within the reference point) constituting Modification-1 of the display device is shown in FIG. 23, and a schematic partial cross-sectional view of a light-emitting element (however, located away from the reference point) is shown in FIG. 24. As shown, the light emission direction control member 50' can be in the form of a lens. Specifically, the second region 52' of the light emission direction control member 50 can be in the form of a hemispherical shape or a shape composed of a part of a sphere. In the illustrated example, the light emission direction control member 50' is a plano-convex lens, but it is not limited to this, and it can also be a biconvex lens. The first region 51' and the third region 53' are constituted by the extending portion of the flattening layer 35.

[0167] A schematic partial cross-sectional view of a light-emitting element (however, located within the reference point) constituting Modification-2 of the display device of Example 1 is shown in FIG. 25, and a schematic partial cross-sectional view of a light-emitting element (however, located away from the reference point) is shown in FIG. 26. As shown, a light absorption layer (black matrix layer) BM can be formed between the color filter layers CF of adjacent light-emitting elements. The black matrix layer BM is made of, for example, a black resin film (specifically, for example, a black polyimide-based resin) having an optical density of 1 or more mixed with a black coloring agent. Also, a schematic partial cross-sectional view of a light-emitting element (however, located within the reference point) constituting Modification-3 of the display device of Example 1 is shown in FIG. 27, and a schematic partial cross-sectional view of a light-emitting element (however, located away from the reference point) is shown in FIG. 28. As shown, a light absorption layer (black matrix layer) BM' can be formed between the light emission direction control members 50 of adjacent light-emitting elements (that is, in a part of the third region 53). Also, these Modification-2 and Modification-3 can be combined. Note that Modification-1, Modification-2, and Modification-3 can also be applied to other embodiments.

[0168] In the embodiment, one pixel is composed of three sub-pixels exclusively from a combination of a white light-emitting element and a color filter layer. However, for example, one pixel may be composed of four sub-pixels including a light-emitting element that emits white light. In this case, a transparent filter may be disposed on the light-emitting element that emits white light. In the embodiment, the light-emitting element driving unit is composed of MOSFETs, but it can also be composed of TFTs. The first electrode and the second electrode may have a single-layer structure or a multilayer structure.

[0169] In order to prevent the light emitted from a certain light-emitting element from entering an adjacent light-emitting element and causing optical crosstalk, a light-shielding portion may be provided between the light-emitting elements. That is, a groove portion may be formed between the light-emitting elements, and this groove portion may be filled with a light-shielding material to form a light-shielding portion. By providing the light-shielding portion in this way, the ratio of the light emitted from a certain light-emitting element entering an adjacent light-emitting element can be reduced, and the occurrence of phenomena such as color mixing occurring and the chromaticity of the entire pixel deviating from the desired chromaticity can be suppressed. And since color mixing can be prevented, the color purity when the pixel emits single-color light increases and the chromaticity point deepens. Therefore, the color gamut becomes wider and the range of color expression of the display device expands. Also, although a color filter layer is arranged for each pixel to improve color purity, depending on the configuration of the light-emitting element, it becomes possible to thin the color filter layer or omit the color filter layer, and the light absorbed by the color filter layer can be taken out, resulting in an improvement in luminous efficiency. Alternatively, the light absorption layer (black matrix layer) may be imparted with light-shielding properties.

[0170] The display device of the present disclosure can be applied to a lens-exchangeable single-lens reflex type digital still camera. A front view of the digital still camera is shown in FIG. 35A, and a rear view thereof is shown in FIG. 35B. This lens-exchangeable single-lens reflex type digital still camera has, for example, an interchangeable photographing lens unit (interchangeable lens) 212 on the right front side of the camera body (camera body) 211, and a grip portion 213 for the photographer to hold on the left front side. A monitor 214 is provided substantially at the center of the rear surface of the camera body 211. An electronic viewfinder (eyepiece window) 215 is provided above the monitor 214. The photographer can view the optical image of the subject guided from the photographing lens unit 212 through the electronic viewfinder 215 and determine the composition. In the lens-exchangeable single-lens reflex type digital still camera having such a configuration, the display device of the present disclosure can be used as the electronic viewfinder 215.

[0171] In addition, the present disclosure can also adopt the following configurations. [A01] 《Display Device》 A light emitting portion, and A light emission direction control member through which the light emitted from the light emitting portion passes, A display device having a display panel including a plurality of light emitting elements, In each light emitting element, The light emission direction control member is composed of a first region and a second region surrounding the first region, A display device in which the refractive index value n1 of the material constituting the first region is different from the refractive index value n2 of the material constituting the second region. [A02] The light emission direction control member is flat, In contact with the outer edge portion of the light emission direction control member, the region located outside the outer edge portion is occupied by a material having a refractive index value n3 smaller than the refractive index value n2 of the material constituting the second region [A01]. [A03] The light emission direction control member is lens-shaped [A01]. The display device according to any one of [A01] to [A03], satisfying n1 < n2. The display device according to any one of [A01] to [A03], satisfying n1 > n2. The display device according to any one of [A01] to [A05], wherein depending on the position of the light-emitting element in the display panel, the emission direction of the light emitted from the center of the light-emitting part and passing through the light emission direction control member is different from the emission direction from the light emission direction control member. The display device according to [A06], wherein when the distance between the normal line passing through the center of the light-emitting part and the normal line passing through the centroid of the first region of the light emission direction control member is D0, in at least a part of the light-emitting elements provided in the display panel, the value of the distance D0 is not zero. [A08] A reference point is set, The display device according to any one of [A01] to [A07], wherein in at least a part of the light-emitting elements provided in the display panel, depending on the distance D1 from the reference point to the normal line passing through the center of the light-emitting part, the emission direction of the light emitted from the center of the light-emitting part and passing through the light emission direction control member is set from the light emission direction control member. The display device according to [A08], wherein the value of the distance D0 depends on the value of the distance D1. [A10] A reference point is set, The display device according to any one of [A01] to [A09], wherein in at least a part of the light-emitting elements provided in the display panel, depending on the distance D1 from the reference point to the normal line passing through the center of the light-emitting part, the value of (n2 - n1) is set. [A11] A reference point is set, The display device according to any one of [A01] to [A10], wherein in at least a part of the light-emitting elements provided in the display panel, depending on the distance D1 from the reference point to the normal line passing through the center of the light-emitting part, when the light emission direction control member is cut by a virtual plane (virtual horizontal plane) perpendicular to the thickness direction of the light emission direction control member, the cross-sectional shape (horizontal cross-sectional shape) of the first region is set. [A12]The horizontal cross-sectional shape of the first region is any one of a polygon (including a regular polygon) including a triangle, a quadrilateral, a hexagon, and an octagon, and a circle, an ellipse, an oblong, a shape corresponding to a caret symbol, a fan shape, and a shape corresponding to a Lambert ring, the display device according to any one of [A01] to [A11]. [A13]The reference point is assumed to be within the display panel, the display device according to any one of [A08] to [A12]. [A14](A) The reference point is not located in the central region of the display panel (B) A configuration in which one reference point is assumed (C) A configuration in which a plurality of reference points are assumed (D) When one reference point is assumed, the reference point is not included in the central region of the display panel, and when a plurality of reference points are assumed, at least one reference point is not included in the central region of the display panel, the display device according to [A13]. is any one of, the display device according to [A13]. [A15]In some light-emitting elements, the value of the distance D0 is 0, and in the remaining light-emitting elements, the value of the distance D0 is not 0, the display device according to [A13] or [A14]. [A16]The reference point is assumed to be outside the display panel, the display device according to any one of [A08] to [A12]. [A17](E) A configuration in which one reference point is assumed (F) A configuration in which a plurality of reference points are assumed is any one of, the display device according to [A16]. [A18]The light emitted from each light-emitting element and passing through the light emission direction control member converges (is focused) in a certain region of the space outside the display device, the display device according to [A16] or [A17]. [A19]The light emitted from each light-emitting element and passing through the light emission direction control member diverges in the space outside the display device, the display device according to any one of [A16] to [A18]. [A20]In all the light-emitting elements, the value of the distance D0 is not 0, the display device according to any one of [A16] to [A19]. The light emitted from each light-emitting element and passing through the light emission direction control member is parallel light, and the display device according to any one of [A01] to [A05]. When the light emission direction control member is cut by a virtual plane perpendicular to the thickness direction of the light emission direction control member, the cross-sectional shape of the first region at least in a part of the light-emitting elements provided in the display panel is constant or changes along the thickness direction of the light emission direction control member, and the display device according to any one of [A01] to [A21]. In at least a part of the light-emitting elements provided in the display panel, the horizontal cross-sectional shape of the first region becomes larger or smaller from the light incident surface to the light emission surface of the light emission direction control member, and the display device according to [A22]. In at least a part of the light-emitting elements provided in the display panel, the normal line passing through the centroid of the first region of the light emission direction control member and the axis of the first region passing through the centroid of the first region of the light emission direction control member intersect at an angle exceeding 0 degrees, and the display device according to any one of [A01] to [A23]. When the depth of the first region is H1 and the thickness of the light emission direction control member is H0, 0.5 ≦ H1 / H0 ≦ 1.0 and the display device according to any one of [A01] to [A24] that satisfies. The lower part of the first region is occupied by the material constituting the second region, and the display device according to [A25]. The upper part of the first region is occupied by the material constituting the second region, and the display device according to [A25]. The value of H1 / H0 depends on the value of the distance D1, and the display device according to any one of [A25] to [A27]. A reference point is set, The plurality of light-emitting elements are arranged in a first direction and a second direction different from the first direction, The distance between the normal line passing through the center of the light-emitting part and the normal line passing through the centroid of the first region of the light emission direction control member is D0, and the distance from the reference point to the normal line passing through the center of the light-emitting part is D1. The respective values of the distance D0 in the first direction and the second direction are D0-X , D 0-Y is defined as, and the values of the first direction and the second direction of the distance D1 are D 1-X , D 1-Y when it is defined as D 1-X changes with respect to D 0-X changes linearly, and D 1-Y changes with respect to D 0-Y changes linearly, or D 1-X changes with respect to D 0-X changes linearly, and D 1-Y changes with respect to D 0-Y changes non - linearly, or D 1-X changes with respect to D 0-X changes non - linearly, and D 1-Y changes with respect to D 0-Y changes linearly, or D 1-X changes with respect to D 0-X changes non - linearly, and D 1-Y changes with respect to D 0-Y changes non - linearly according to any one of [A01] to [A28]. The display device described in any one of the above items. [A30] A reference point is set, when the distance between the normal line passing through the center of the light - emitting part and the normal line passing through the centroid of the first region of the light - emission direction control member is D0, and the distance from the reference point to the normal line passing through the center of the light - emitting part is D1, as the value of the distance D1 increases, the value of the distance D0 increases. The display device described in any one of [A01] to [A29]. [A31] The light - emitting part provided in the light - emitting element includes an organic electroluminescence layer. The display device described in any one of [A01] to [A30]. [A32] The light - emitting part includes a light - emitting diode (LED). The display device described in any one of [A01] to [A30]. [B01] 《Light - emitting element》 A light - emitting part, and a light - emission direction control member through which the light emitted from the light - emitting part passes, including, the light - emission direction control member is composed of a first region and a second region surrounding the first region. A light-emitting element in which the refractive index value n1 of the material constituting the first region is different from the refractive index value n2 of the material constituting the second region. [B02] The light emission direction control member is flat, In contact with the outer edge of the light emission direction control member, the region located outside the outer edge is occupied by a material having a refractive index value n3 smaller than the refractive index value n2 of the material constituting the second region. The light-emitting element according to [B01]. [B03] The light emission direction control member is lens-shaped. The light-emitting element according to [B01]. [B04] The light-emitting element according to any one of [B01] to [B03] that satisfies n1 < n2. [B05] The light-emitting element according to any one of [B01] to [B03] that satisfies n1 > n2. [B06] When the light emission direction control member is cut by a virtual plane (virtual horizontal plane) perpendicular to the thickness direction of the light emission direction control member, the cross-sectional shape (horizontal cross-sectional shape) of the first region is a polygon (including a regular polygon) including a triangle, a quadrilateral, a hexagon, and an octagon, and any one of a circular shape, an elliptical shape, an oval shape, a shape corresponding to a caret symbol, a fan shape, and a shape corresponding to a Lambert ring. The light-emitting element according to any one of [B01] to [B05]. [B07] The horizontal cross-sectional shape of the first region is constant or changes along the thickness direction of the light emission direction control member. The light-emitting element according to any one of [B01] to [B06]. [B08] The horizontal cross-sectional shape of the first region becomes larger or smaller from the light incident surface to the light emission surface of the light emission direction control member. The light-emitting element according to [B07]. [B09] The normal line passing through the centroid of the first region of the light emission direction control member and the axis of the first region passing through the centroid of the first region of the light emission direction control member intersect at an angle greater than 0 degrees. The light-emitting element according to any one of [B01] to [B08]. [B10] When the depth of the first region is H1 and the thickness of the light emission direction control member is H0, 0.5 ≤ H1 / H0 ≤ 1.0 The light-emitting element according to any one of [B01] to [B09] that satisfies this. The light-emitting device according to [B10], wherein the lower part of the first region is occupied by the material constituting the second region. The light-emitting device according to [B10], wherein the upper part of the first region is occupied by the material constituting the second region. The light-emitting unit provided in the light-emitting device is the light-emitting device according to any one of [B01] to [B12], including an organic electroluminescence layer. The light-emitting unit includes a light-emitting diode (LED), and the light-emitting device is the light-emitting device according to any one of [B01] to [B12].

Explanation of reference numerals

[0172] 10, 10R, 10G, 10B... light-emitting elements, 11... first substrate, 20... transistor, 21... gate electrode, 22... gate insulating layer, 23... channel formation region, 24... source / drain region, 25... element isolation region, 26... substrate (interlayer insulating layer), 27... contact plug, 28... insulating layer, 30... light-emitting portion, 31... first electrode, 32... second electrode, 33... organic layer, 34... protective layer, 35... planarization layer, 36... sealing resin layer, 41... second substrate, 50, 50’... light emission direction control member, 51, 51’... first region, 52, 52’... second region, 53, 53’... third region, 54... outer edge portion of the light emission direction control member, 100... image display device, 110... image forming device, 111... display device, 112... housing, 121... light guide plate, 122... first surface of the light guide plate, 123... second surface of the light guide plate, 131... first deflection means, 132... second deflection means, 140... frame, 140’... nose pad, 141... front portion, 141’... central portion of the front portion, 142... hinge, 143... temple portion, 144... modern portion, 145... wiring, 146... headphone portion, 146’... wiring for the headphone portion, 147... camera, 148... control device (control circuit, control means), 149... mounting member, 150... observer, 151... pupil, 211... camera body portion (camera body), 212... photographing lens unit (interchangeable lens), 213... grip portion, 214... monitor, 215... electronic viewfinder (eyepiece window), CF, CF R ,CF G ,CF B ... color filter layer, BM, BM’... black matrix layer

Claims

1. A light-emitting section, and a light-emission direction control member through which light emitted from the light-emitting section passes, A display device having a display panel including a plurality of light-emitting elements, wherein in each light-emitting element, the light-emission direction control member is composed of a first region and a second region surrounding the first region, The refractive index value n of the material constituting the first region 1 is different from the refractive index value n of the material constituting the second region 2 and depending on the position of the light-emitting element on the display panel, the emission direction from the light-emission direction control member of the light emitted from the center of the light-emitting section and passing through the light-emission direction control member is different.

2. A light-emitting section, and a light-emission direction control member through which light emitted from the light-emitting section passes, A display device having a display panel including a plurality of light-emitting elements, wherein in each light-emitting element, the light-emission direction control member is composed of a first region and a second region surrounding the first region, the value n1 of the refractive index of the material constituting the first region is different from the value n2 of the refractive index of the material constituting the second region, a reference point is set, In at least a part of the light-emitting element provided in the display panel, the distance D from the reference point to the normal line passing through the center of the light-emitting part 1 A display device in which the emission direction from the light emission direction control member of the light emitted from the center of the light-emitting part and passing through the light emission direction control member is set depending on

3. A light-emitting section, and a light-emission direction control member through which light emitted from the light-emitting section passes, A display device having a display panel including a plurality of light-emitting elements, wherein in each light-emitting element, the light-emission direction control member is composed of a first region and a second region surrounding the first region, the value n1 of the refractive index of the material constituting the first region is different from the value n2 of the refractive index of the material constituting the second region, a reference point is set, In at least a part of the light-emitting elements provided in the display panel, the distance D from the reference point to the normal line passing through the center of the light-emitting portion 1 depending on, (n 2 - n 1 ) is set, a display device.

4. A light-emitting section, and a light-emission direction control member through which light emitted from the light-emitting section passes, A display device having a display panel including a plurality of light-emitting elements, wherein in each light-emitting element, the light-emission direction control member is composed of a first region and a second region surrounding the first region, the value n1 of the refractive index of the material constituting the first region is different from the value n2 of the refractive index of the material constituting the second region, a reference point is set, In at least a part of the light-emitting elements provided in the display panel, the distance D from the reference point to the normal line passing through the center of the light-emitting part 1 A display device in which the cross-sectional shape of the first region when the light-emitting direction control member is cut by a virtual plane perpendicular to the thickness direction of the light-emitting direction control member is set depending on

5. A light-emitting section, and a light-emission direction control member through which light emitted from the light-emitting section passes, A display device having a display panel including a plurality of light-emitting elements, wherein in each light-emitting element, the light-emission direction control member is composed of a first region and a second region surrounding the first region, the value n1 of the refractive index of the material constituting the first region is different from the value n2 of the refractive index of the material constituting the second region, a reference point is set, a plurality of light-emitting elements are arranged in a first direction and a second direction different from the first direction, Let the distance between the normal line passing through the center of the light-emitting part and the normal line passing through the centroid of the first region of the light emission direction control member be D. 0 Let the distance from the reference point to the normal line passing through the center of the light-emitting part be D. 1 And Distance D 0 Let the values in the first direction and the second direction of 0-X be D 0-Y and D 1 respectively. When the values in the first direction and the second direction of the distance D 1-X are D 1-Y and D respectively, D 1-X changes linearly with respect to the change in D 0-X and D 1-Y changes linearly with respect to the change in D 0-Y changes linearly, or D 1-X changes linearly with respect to the change in D 0-X and changes non-linearly with respect to the change in D 1-Y or 0-Y changes non-linearly with respect to the change in D D 1-X changes non-linearly with respect to the change in D 0-X and D 1-Y changes linearly with respect to the change in D 0-Y or D 1-X changes non-linearly with respect to the change in D 0-X and a display device in which D 1-Y changes non-linearly with respect to the change in D 0-Y changes non-linearly.

6. A light-emitting section, and A light-emitting element including a light emission direction control member through which the light emitted from the light-emitting unit passes, A display device having a display panel including a plurality of the above-described light-emitting elements, In each light-emitting element, The light emission direction control member is composed of a first region and a second region surrounding the first region, The refractive index value n1 of the material constituting the first region is different from the refractive index value n2 of the material constituting the second region, A reference point is set, Let the distance between the normal line passing through the center of the light emitting part and the normal line passing through the centroid of the first region of the light emission direction control member be D 0 and the distance from the reference point to the normal line passing through the center of the light emitting part be D 1 When this is the case, as the value of the distance D 1 increases, a display device in which the value of the distance D 0 increases.

7. Let the distance between the normal line passing through the center of the light-emitting part and the normal line passing through the centroid of the first region of the light-emitting direction control member be D 0 When this is the case, in at least a part of the light-emitting elements provided in the display panel, the value of the distance D 0 is not 0. The display device according to claim 1

8. The light emission direction control member is flat, In contact with the outer edge portion of the light emission direction control member, a region located outside the outer edge portion is occupied by a material having a refractive index value n 2 that is smaller than the refractive index value n 3 of the material constituting the second region. The display device according to any one of claims 1 to 6. 2 than the refractive index value n 3 3 having a material.

9. The display device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the light emission direction control member is lens-shaped.

10. n 1 <n 2 The display device according to any one of claims 1 to 6 that satisfies

11. The cross-sectional shape of the first region when the light emission direction control member is cut by a virtual plane perpendicular to the thickness direction of the light emission direction control member is constant or changes along the thickness direction of the light emission direction control member in at least a part of the light-emitting elements provided in the display panel. The display device according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

12. Let the depth of the first region be H 1 and the thickness of the light emission direction control member be H 0 when... 0.5 ≤ H 1 / H 0 ≤ 1.0 The display device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, which satisfies the following.

13. The display device according to any one of claims 2 to 6, wherein the reference point is assumed to be within the display panel.

14. The display device according to any one of claims 2 to 6, wherein the reference point is assumed to be outside the display panel.

15. The display device according to claim 14, wherein the light emitted from each light-emitting element and passing through the light emission direction control member converges in a certain region of the space outside the display device.

16. The display device according to claim 14, wherein the light emitted from each light-emitting element and passing through the light emission direction control member diverges in the space outside the display device.

17. A light-emitting unit, and A light emission direction control member through which the light emitted from the light-emitting unit passes, Including, The light emission direction control member is composed of a first region and a second region surrounding the first region, The refractive index value n of the material constituting the first region 1 is different from the refractive index value n of the material constituting the second region 2 ​ A light-emitting element provided in the display panel, wherein the emission direction from the light emission direction control member of the light emitted from the center of the light-emitting unit and passing through the light emission direction control member is set depending on the position provided in the display panel.

18. A light-emitting unit, and A light emission direction control member through which the light emitted from the light-emitting unit passes, Including, The light emission direction control member is composed of a first region and a second region surrounding the first region, The refractive index value n1 of the material constituting the first region is different from the refractive index value n2 of the material constituting the second region, A reference point is set, A light-emitting element provided on a display panel, wherein the emission direction of light emitted from the center of the light-emitting portion and passing through the light emission direction control member is set depending on the distance D1 from a reference point to the normal line passing through the center of the light-emitting portion.

19. A light-emitting portion, and a light emission direction control member through which the light emitted from the light-emitting portion passes, comprising the light emission direction control member is composed of a first region and a second region surrounding the first region, the value n1 of the refractive index of the material constituting the first region is different from the value n2 of the refractive index of the material constituting the second region, a reference point is set, a light-emitting element provided on a display panel, wherein the value of (n2 - n1) is set depending on the distance D1 from the reference point to the normal line passing through the center of the light-emitting portion.

20. A light-emitting portion, and a light emission direction control member through which the light emitted from the light-emitting portion passes, comprising the light emission direction control member is composed of a first region and a second region surrounding the first region, the value n1 of the refractive index of the material constituting the first region is different from the value n2 of the refractive index of the material constituting the second region, a reference point is set, a light-emitting element provided on a display panel, wherein the cross-sectional shape of the first region when the light emission direction control member is cut by a virtual plane perpendicular to the thickness direction of the light emission direction control member is set depending on the distance D1 from the reference point to the normal line passing through the center of the light-emitting portion.

Images