Wind direction and wind speed meter and measurement method

Abstract

To provide an anemometer suitable for a multipoint measurement of the rate and the direction of wind in a window tunnel test using a scale model.SOLUTION: An anemometer 1 is set on a setting floor 2 of a scale model in an a window tunnel test. The anemometer 1 includes: at least three pressure guiding paths protruding from the set floor 2 and arranged at the same intervals in a circumferential direction in planer view; a static pressure hole provided around the pressure guiding paths; and a wind pressure meter 15 for measuring the pressure of wind in each pressure guiding path and the static pressure hole to measure the direction and the rate of the wind. The static pressure hole is an internal space of a cylindrical body 11, and the pressure guiding paths are formed of a cylindrical body 12 set in the center of the flat surface of the static pressure hole and a separator 13 for separating the internal space of the cylindrical body 12 in a radial pattern in planer view.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a wind direction and wind speed meter and a method for measuring wind direction and wind speed using the same.

Background Art

[0002] Around large-scale buildings such as super high-rise buildings, strong winds caused by building winds may hinder the comfort and safety of pedestrians and residents. Therefore, when constructing a large-scale building, wind environment evaluation by wind tunnel experiments using a scale model is often carried out in advance.

[0003] In a wind tunnel experiment, a scale model of about 1 / 400 of the planned building and its surrounding urban area is installed in the wind tunnel facility, and the wind speed at a height of about 5 to 10 mm above the installation floor of the scale model is measured by a sensor. In wind environment evaluation, first, evaluation is performed based on the wind speed in the state before and after the construction of the planned building, and then, evaluation is performed based on the wind speed in the state with wind prevention measures applied as necessary.

[0004] Wind speed measurement sensors used in wind tunnel experiments include a thermistor anemometer, an I-type hot wire anemometer, etc. In addition, Non-Patent Document 1 discloses a surface wind sensor (SWS) for measuring wind speed, and Patent Document 1 also discloses a wind direction and wind speed meter capable of measuring wind speed.

Prior Art Documents

Non-Patent Documents

[0005]

Non-Patent Document 1

Patent Documents

[0006]

Patent Document 1

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0007] In windbreak measures, it is effective to install windbreaks such as trees, fences, and windbreak screens on the upwind side of the point where strong winds are generated by building winds to reduce the wind speed at the target point.

[0008] In general wind environment evaluation, the wind direction is empirically estimated from the measured wind speed and the building shapes in the urban area, and windbreak measures are taken to install windbreaks on the upwind side of the strong wind generation point. As a result, if the wind speed at the target point is reduced and the wind environment is improved, the purpose is achieved.

[0009] However, the relationship between windbreak measures and wind speed reduction is ambiguous. In order to reliably implement effective windbreak measures such as installing windbreaks on the upwind side, it is desirable to obtain information on the wind direction in addition to the wind speed during wind environment evaluation. In addition, the information on the wind direction is also useful for explaining the windbreak measures to others.

[0010] However, in a wind tunnel experiment for wind environment evaluation, it is necessary to measure the wind speed at multiple points in order to grasp the strong wind area around the planned building. If the wind direction is also measured in addition to the wind speed, it will lead to an increase in cost and a lengthening of the study period. For example, the thermistor anemometer, I-type hot wire anemometer, and the surface wind sensor of Non-Patent Document 1 cannot measure the wind direction, and it is necessary to separately prepare a sensor for measuring the wind direction.

[0011] In addition, the wind direction and wind speed meter of Patent Document 1 can measure the wind speed and wind direction at the same point by measuring the wind pressure. However, since it has a configuration in which the pressure gauge side tube for measuring the wind pressure is rotated by power, the device is enlarged due to its power source and rotation mechanism, and it is not suitable for multi-point measurement on a scale model.

[0012] The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object thereof is to provide a wind direction and wind speed meter suitable for multi-point measurement of wind speed and wind direction in a wind tunnel experiment using a scale model.

Means for Solving the Problems

[0013] The first aspect for solving the above-described problems is an anemometer provided on the installation floor of a scale model in a wind tunnel experiment, which has three or more pressure guiding paths protruding from the installation floor and arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction in plan view, static pressure holes provided around the pressure guiding paths, and a pressure gauge for measuring the wind pressure in each pressure guiding path and static pressure hole in order to measure the wind direction and wind speed. issued, the static pressure holes are the internal space of a cylindrical body, and the pressure guiding paths are formed by a cylindrical body arranged at the central part of the plane of the static pressure holes and a partition that radially partitions the internal space of the cylindrical body in plan view. It is characterized by having. The second invention is an anemometer provided on the installation floor of a scale model in a wind tunnel experiment, having three or more pressure guiding paths protruding from the installation floor and arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction in plan view, static pressure holes provided around the pressure guiding paths, and a pressure gauge for measuring the wind pressure in each pressure guiding path and static pressure hole in order to measure the wind direction and wind speed. The static pressure holes are the internal space of a cylindrical body, and the pressure guiding paths are formed by three or more cylindrical bodies arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction in plan view at the central part of the plane of the static pressure holes. An anemometer characterized by the above. Furthermore, the first invention

[0014] The wind pressure measured in each pressure guiding path of the anemometer of the present invention varies depending on the wind direction, and there is a predetermined relationship between the wind speed and the wind pressure. Therefore, the wind direction and the wind speed can be measured simultaneously based on the wind pressure measured in each pressure guiding path and the difference between the wind pressures. In addition, since three or more pressure guiding paths are arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction in plan view, the wind direction and the wind speed can be measured from the wind pressure of each pressure guiding path without rotating the device. Therefore, a power source and a rotating mechanism are not required, the device is miniaturized, and it is suitable for multi-point simultaneous measurement of the wind direction and the wind speed in a wind tunnel experiment using a scale model. As an actual device, by using the difference between the wind pressure measured in each pressure guiding path and the wind pressure measured in the static pressure hole for measurement, the effective number of digits of the measurement system is reduced, and the device can be inexpensive.

[0015] The second invention In the case of, the width of the gap between the outer circumference of the pressure guiding path and the inner circumference of the static pressure hole can be made equal in the circumferential direction, which is preferable in terms of measurement accuracy. or the second In the case of, the device can be formed simply.

[0016] It is desirable that the height of the pressure guiding path increases toward the plane center of the static pressure hole. Alternatively, the cylindrical body forming the pressure guiding path may have a closed upper surface and an opening on the side surface. In the former case, the measurement accuracy of the wind direction is improved. In the latter case, since no particular shaping is required for the upper end of the cylindrical body, the device can be formed simply.

[0017] The 3The invention is a measurement method characterized by including a step of installing a wind direction and wind speed meter of the first invention on the installation floor of a scale model in a wind tunnel experiment, a step of measuring the wind pressure in each pressure guiding path and static pressure hole with the wind pressure meter, and a step of obtaining the wind direction and wind speed from the wind pressure in each pressure guiding path and static pressure hole. or the second The invention of claim 1 is a method for measuring wind direction and wind speed in a wind tunnel experiment using the wind direction and wind speed meter of the first invention. First 3 The invention of claim 2 is a method for measuring wind direction and wind speed in a wind tunnel experiment using the wind direction and wind speed meter of the first invention.

Figure 1

Advantages of the Invention

[0018] According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a wind direction and wind speed meter suitable for multi-point measurement of wind speed and wind direction in a wind tunnel experiment using a scale model.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0019]

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Embodiments for Carrying Out the Invention

[0020] Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

[0021] FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 are diagrams showing the wind direction and wind speed meter 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 1 shows a vertical cross-section of the wind direction and wind speed meter 1. FIG. 2(a) is a perspective view of the upper part of the wind direction and wind speed meter 1, and FIG. 2(b) is a view of the wind direction and wind speed meter 1 seen from above. Note that FIG. 1 shows a cross-section along line a-a of FIG. 2(b).

[0022] The wind direction and wind speed meter 1 is a small device used by embedding it in a plate-shaped installation floor 2 on which a scaled model is placed in a wind tunnel experiment conducted in a wind tunnel facility. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the wind direction and wind speed meter 1 includes cylindrical bodies 11, 12, a wind pressure gauge 15, etc. Also, the internal space of the cylindrical body 12 is partitioned into three regions by a partition 13.

[0023] The cylindrical body 11 is embedded in a hole in the installation floor 2 so as not to protrude above the installation floor 2. The cylindrical body 11 is installed for the purpose of measuring the wind pressure (static pressure) in the internal space. The cylindrical body 11 is cylindrical, and hereinafter, its internal space is referred to as a static pressure hole A.

[0024] The cylindrical body 12 is inserted into the inside of the cylindrical body 11 so as to protrude upward from the installation floor 2. The cylindrical body 12 is cylindrical and is disposed at the center of the plane of the static pressure hole A.

[0025] The width of the cylindrical body 12 is about 5 mm, and the cylindrical body 11 is installed around the cylindrical body 12 so that the width of the gap between the outer surface of the cylindrical body 12 and the inner surface of the cylindrical body 11 is about 1 mm and is constant in the circumferential direction. The height of the cylindrical body 11 is larger than the width of the cylindrical body 11 and is about several times the width of the cylindrical body 11. The protruding height of the cylindrical body 12 from the installation floor 2 is 5.0 mm to 12.5 mm, for example, about 10 mm, and is larger than the width of the cylindrical body 11. However, the sizes of the cylindrical bodies 11, 12, the width of the gap between the cylindrical bodies 11, 12, etc. are not particularly limited.

[0026] The partition 13 is composed of a plurality of vertical plates 131 that partition the internal space of the cylindrical body 12, and these vertical plates 131 are provided radially in a plan view inside the cylindrical body 12. The center of the partition 13 is located at the center of the plane of the static pressure hole A, and each vertical plate 131 is provided so as to reach from the center of the plane of the static pressure hole A to the inner circumference of the cylindrical body 12.

[0027] By the partition 13, the internal space of the cylindrical body 12 is partitioned into three fan-shaped regions in a plan view. The inner angles of the fans of these regions are all equal, and each region constitutes a pressure guiding path B, C, D for measuring the wind pressure (total pressure). The centers (centroids) g of the planes of the respective pressure guiding paths B, C, D are located at positions equally spaced in the circumferential direction in a plan view.

[0028] Also, the height of the partition 13 is the highest at the center of the plane of the static pressure hole A, and each pressure guiding path B to D forms a three-dimensional space with the same shape and the same protruding height (the protruding height from the installation floor 2) that becomes higher toward the center.

[0029] The anemometer 15 is a sensor that measures the pressure values in the static pressure hole A and the pressure guiding paths B to D, and a total of four are provided corresponding to each of the static pressure hole A and the pressure guiding paths B to D (one of them is omitted in FIG. 1). Each anemometer 15 is connected to the bottom of the static pressure hole A and the pressure guiding paths B to D by a tube 14.

[0030] These anemometers 15 are communicably connected to the computer 3. The computer 3 is a general computer having a control unit, a storage unit, a display unit, a communication unit, etc., and obtains the wind direction and wind speed from the measured values at each anemometer 15. In the storage unit of the computer 3, relational expressions, constants, and other data necessary for obtaining the wind direction and wind speed are stored in advance.

[0031] In the wind direction and wind speed meter 1, when the wind blows, wind pressures corresponding to their respective positions act on each of the pressure guiding paths B to D. On the other hand, the wind pressure acting on the static pressure hole A becomes a constant value regardless of the wind direction. In this embodiment, the wind direction and wind speed are obtained from the difference between the wind pressures measured in each of the pressure guiding paths B, C, and D and the wind pressure measured in the static pressure hole A.

[0032] FIG. 3 is a graph schematically showing the relationship between the wind pressures of each of the pressure guiding paths B to D and the wind direction, with the vertical axis being the value obtained by subtracting the wind pressure of the static pressure hole A from the wind pressure of each of the pressure guiding paths B to D, and the horizontal axis being the wind direction angle α. In this graph, the value obtained by subtracting the wind pressure of the static pressure hole A from the wind pressure of the pressure guiding path B is shown by a broken line B - A, the value obtained by subtracting the wind pressure of the static pressure hole A from the wind pressure of the pressure guiding path C is shown by a solid line C - A, and the value obtained by subtracting the wind pressure of the static pressure hole A from the wind pressure of the pressure guiding path D is shown by a chain line D - A.

[0033] As shown in Fig. 3, different wind pressures act on each pressure guiding path B to D depending on the wind direction and the positional relationship between the pressure guiding paths B to D. Specifically, when the wind blows in a certain direction, a positive pressure acts on the pressure guiding path located most upstream, and the value is the largest when the pressure guiding path receives the wind from the dead ahead, and decreases as the wind direction angle α deviates therefrom. On the other hand, a negative pressure acts on the pressure guiding paths other than the one located most upstream. Fig. 3 is a graph when the wind speed is set to a certain value, and the absolute values of the positive pressure and negative pressure generated in each pressure guiding path increase as the wind speed increases.

[0034] During actual measurement, the changes in the wind pressures of each pressure guiding path B to D due to the difference in the wind direction angle α as shown in Fig. 3 are measured and grasped by a preliminary experiment, and then the wind direction and wind speed meter 1 is installed on the installation floor 2 of the scale model in the wind tunnel facility as described above. Then, using the wind pressures measured at each pressure guiding path B to D and the static pressure hole A, the wind direction is calculated by the computer 3.

[0035] For example, when the differences between the wind pressures of each pressure guiding path B to D and the wind pressure of the static pressure hole A are in the ratio relationship of B - A:C - A:D - A = 1:-1:-1, the computer 3 can obtain the wind direction angle α1 at which the ratio of B - A:C - A:D - A becomes 1:-1:-1 from the graph of Fig. 3 and set it as the current wind direction.

[0036] On the other hand, regarding the wind speed, since the relational expressions for obtaining the wind speed from the wind pressures of the pressure guiding paths and the static pressure holes are known (see, for example, Non - Patent Document 1, Patent Document 1, Japanese Patent Laid - Open No. 08 - 043559, etc.), it is possible to calculate the wind speed by the computer 3 using the relational expressions. Constants such as the coefficients required for the relational expressions can be obtained by measuring the wind pressures acting on the static pressure hole A and the pressure guiding paths B to D while changing the wind direction and wind speed in a preliminary wind tunnel experiment using the wind direction and wind speed meter 1 and using the measurement results. In addition, it is also possible to obtain the relational expressions themselves for estimating the wind speed from the wind pressure by the above - mentioned preliminary wind tunnel experiment.

[0037] As described above, the wind pressures measured in the respective pressure guiding paths B to D of the wind direction and wind speed meter 1 of the present embodiment differ depending on the wind direction, and there is a predetermined relationship between the wind speed and the wind pressure. Therefore, based on the wind pressures measured in the respective pressure guiding paths B to D and the differences between the wind pressures, the wind direction and the wind speed can be measured simultaneously. As a result, not only the wind speed at the strong wind generation point but also the wind direction information can be obtained at the same time, and reasonable wind prevention measures can be considered without relying on experience. In addition, by showing the wind direction information, it becomes possible to explain the intention of the wind prevention measures to customers and designers in an easy-to-understand manner.

[0038] Also, in the present embodiment, since the three pressure guiding paths B to D are arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction in a plan view, the wind direction and the wind speed can be measured from the wind pressures in the respective pressure guiding paths B to D without rotating the device. Therefore, a power source and a rotation mechanism are not required, the device is miniaturized, and it is suitable for multi-point simultaneous measurement of the wind direction and the wind speed in a wind tunnel experiment using a scale model.

[0039] For example, when there are two pressure guiding paths, all the pressure guiding paths become negative pressures against the wind blowing from the direction orthogonal to the arrangement of the pressure guiding paths, so the wind direction cannot be measured. However, in the present embodiment, since three pressure guiding paths are arranged, the wind direction can be measured in the range of 0 to 360° without rotating the device. The number of pressure guiding paths may be four or more, but if the number of pressure guiding paths is four or more, the device becomes large and there may be a problem with the measurement accuracy. In a wind tunnel experiment, in order to measure the change in wind speed due to the difference in fine positions and the wind speed near the planned building using a scale model of about 1 / 400 of the building, it is preferable that the device dimensions be as small as possible.

[0040] Also, as an actual device, by measuring the difference between the wind pressure measured in each pressure guiding path B to D and the wind pressure measured in the static pressure hole A, the device can be made inexpensive. For example, although the static pressure of 1 atmosphere is 100,000 [Pa], since the change in wind pressure due to the wind is about 60 [Pa], when measuring the wind direction using only the wind pressure (total pressure) measured in the pressure guiding paths B to D, a measurement system with about 6 significant digits is required. On the other hand, when using the difference between the wind pressure measured in the pressure guiding paths B to D and the wind pressure (static pressure) measured in the static pressure hole A, about 3 significant digits are sufficient, and the device can be made inexpensive and miniaturized. Note that even if the wind pressure measured in each pressure guiding path B to D and the wind pressure measured in the static pressure hole A are respectively replaced with the differential pressure from the reference static pressure separately measured on the wall surface in the wind tunnel and used for measurement, the same effect can be obtained.

[0041] Also, in the present embodiment, since the pressure guiding paths B to D have a shape that becomes higher toward the center of the plane of the static pressure hole A, the pressure guiding path on the upwind side clearly becomes a positive pressure, and the other pressure guiding paths clearly become a negative pressure, so the measurement accuracy of the wind direction is improved.

[0042] However, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment. For example, the configuration of the pressure guiding paths B to D is not limited to the above, and as shown in FIGS. 4(a) and 4(b), which are the same as FIGS. 2(a) and 2(b) described above, at the center of the plane of the static pressure hole A of the wind direction and wind speed meter 1a, three or four or more cylindrical bodies 16 may be arranged, and the internal spaces of the respective cylindrical bodies 16 may be used as the pressure guiding paths B to D. Each cylindrical body 16 (pressure guiding paths B to D) is arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction in a plan view in the same manner as described above, and has a three-dimensional space with the same shape and the same protruding height (protruding height from the installation floor 2) that becomes higher toward the center of the plane of the static pressure hole A.

[0043] As a result, the wind direction and speed meter 1a can be formed simply, and the device can be made inexpensive. Also, in the above-described wind direction and speed meter 1, since the partition 13 is provided inside the cylindrical body 12, the cylindrical body 12 becomes somewhat thick. However, the wind direction and speed meter 1a in Fig. 4(a) does not have such a problem and there is a possibility of downsizing as a whole. On the other hand, in the above-described wind direction and speed meter 1, since the gap between the outer circumference of the cylindrical body 12 and the inner circumference of the cylindrical body 11 is a circumferential shape with a constant width, it is excellent in terms of the non-directionality of the wind pressure measurement at the static pressure hole A and is preferable in terms of measurement accuracy.

[0044] In the example of Fig. 4(a), the upper surface of the cylindrical body 16 is open. However, as shown in the wind direction and speed meter 1b of Fig. 5, the upper surface of the cylindrical body 16a may be a closed flat surface, an opening 161 may be provided on the side surface of the cylindrical body 16a, and the inside of each cylindrical body 16a may be used as a pressure guiding path. Other configurations of the wind direction and speed meter 1b are the same as those of the wind direction and speed meter 1a in Fig. 4(a). Also in this case, the wind direction and speed can be measured in the same manner as above from the wind pressure measured at each pressure guiding path and static pressure hole. Further, the wind is taken in from the opening 161 on the side surface of the cylindrical body 16a, and since there is no particular need for a shape improvement at the upper end of the cylindrical body 16a, the device can be formed simply without problems such as manufacturing accuracy.

[0045] Also, in the examples of Figs. 1 and 2, the protruding height of the cylindrical body 12 (pressure guiding paths B to D) from the installation floor 2 is fixed at about 10 mm. However, by making the cylindrical body 12 and the partition 13 into a mechanism that can expand and contract vertically, the protruding height of the pressure guiding paths B to D from the installation floor 2 can also be made variable. As a result, it becomes possible to correspond to wind tunnel experiments using scale models of various scales. This is the same also in the examples of Figs. 4 and 5.

[0046] As described above, the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to such examples. It is obvious that those skilled in the art can conceive of various modification examples or correction examples within the scope of the technical idea disclosed in the present application, and it is naturally understood that those also belong to the technical scope of the present invention.

Explanation of Reference Numerals

[0047] 1, 1a, 1b: Wind direction and speed meter 2: Installation floor 11, 12, 16, 16a: Cylinder 13: Partition 15: Anemometer A: Static pressure hole B, C, D: Pressure conducting path

Claims

1. An anemometer installed on the installation floor of a scale model in a wind tunnel experiment, Three or more pressure guiding paths protruding from the installation floor and arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction in plan view, Static pressure holes provided around the pressure guiding paths, A pressure gauge for measuring the wind pressure in each pressure guiding path and static pressure hole in order to measure the wind direction and wind speed, Having, The static pressure hole is the internal space of a cylindrical body, The pressure guiding path is, A cylindrical body arranged at the center of the plane of the static pressure hole, A partition that radially partitions the internal space of the cylindrical body in plan view, An anemometer characterized by being formed by.

2. An anemometer installed on the installation floor of a scale model in a wind tunnel experiment, Three or more pressure guiding paths protruding from the installation floor and arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction in plan view, Static pressure holes provided around the pressure guiding paths, A pressure gauge for measuring the wind pressure in each pressure guiding path and static pressure hole in order to measure the wind direction and wind speed, Having, The static pressure hole is the internal space of a cylindrical body, The pressure guiding path is, An anemometer characterized by being formed by three or more cylindrical bodies arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction in plan view at the center of the plane of the static pressure hole.

3. The anemometer according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that the height of the pressure guiding path increases toward the plane center of the static pressure hole.

4. The anemometer according to claim 2, characterized in that the cylindrical body forming the pressure guiding path has a closed upper surface and an opening on the side surface.

5. In a wind tunnel experiment, a step of installing the anemometer according to any one of claims 1 to 4 on the installation floor of a scale model, A step of measuring the wind pressure in each pressure guiding path and static pressure hole with the pressure gauge, A step of obtaining the wind direction and wind speed from the wind pressure in each pressure guiding path and static pressure hole, A measurement method characterized by having.

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