Use of UE - to - UE Coordination Messages

Abstract

To provide a device, a system, and a method for using inter-user equipment device (UE) cooperative messages regarding V2X (vehicle-to-everything) mode 2 resource allocation.SOLUTION: In a wireless communication system, a method includes: UE receiving a set of priority resources from cooperative UE via an inter-UE cooperative message; performing a candidate resource selection procedure based on a resource selection window to generate a set of candidate resources; determining a resource interaction set from the set of priority resources and the set of candidate resources; and performing a resource selection procedure for the resource interaction set to determine a set of resources to be used in side-link communication communicating with the cooperative UE.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 10

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to wireless communication, and more particularly, to an apparatus, system, and method for utilizing UE - to - UE cooperation messages for, for example, V2X mode 2 resource allocation.

Background Art

[0002] The use of wireless communication systems is expanding rapidly. One of the proposed uses of wireless communication is in vehicle applications, particularly in V2X (Vehicle - to - Everything) systems. V2X systems enable communication between vehicles (e.g., via communication devices housed in or otherwise carried by vehicles), pedestrian UEs (including UEs carried by other people such as cyclists), and other wireless communication devices for various purposes such as coordinating traffic activities, facilitating autonomous driving, and performing collision avoidance.

[0003] The increasing communication requirements of certain V2X systems can burden the power and resource capabilities of portable battery - powered UE devices. Furthermore, some UEs have more limited power than others, and communicating with the host of a UE can shorten battery life, increase latency, and exacerbate communication problems. Therefore, improvements in this field are desired.

Summary of the Invention

[0004] Embodiments relate to wireless communication including an apparatus, system, and method for utilizing UE - to - UE cooperation messages for, for example, V2X mode 2 resource allocation.

[0005] For example, in some embodiments, a user equipment device (UE), such as UE106, may be configured to receive an inter-UE coordination message from a first UE. The inter-UE coordination message may include an indication of a set of resources and an indication of whether the set of resources is a priority resource or a non-priority resource. The UE may be configured to select resources for sidelink communication based on the set of resources indicated in the inter-UE coordination message. In other words, the UE may execute different selection processes based on the set of resources indicated in the inter-UE coordination message. For example, the UE may execute a first process and / or a set of processes when the set of resources is indicated as non-priority. In contrast, the UE may execute a second process and / or a set of processes when the set of resources is indicated as priority.

[0006] As an example, in some embodiments, the UE may determine resources available for sidelink communication and, when the set of resources is indicated as non-priority (e.g., via an inter-UE coordination message), be configured to exclude at least a portion of the set of resources from the determined resources available for sidelink communication to generate a candidate resource set. As another example, in some embodiments, the UE may determine resources available for sidelink communication and, when the set of resources is indicated as priority (e.g., via an inter-UE coordination message), be configured to determine an interaction set of resources based on a comparison of the resources available for sidelink communication and the set of resources.

[0007] The techniques described herein may be implemented and / or used in any of several different types of devices, including but not limited to unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), unmanned aerial vehicle controllers (UACs), UTM servers, base stations, access points, cellular phones, tablet computers, wearable computing devices, portable media players, and various other computing devices.

[0008] This summary is intended to provide some overview of the subject matter described in this document. Thus, it should be understood that the above features are merely examples and should not be construed as narrowing the scope or spirit of the subject matter described herein. Other features, aspects, and advantages of the subject matter described herein will become apparent from the following detailed description, drawings, and claims.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0009] A better understanding of the subject matter can be obtained by considering the following detailed description of various embodiments in conjunction with the following drawings.

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[0022] The features described herein may be subject to various modifications and alternative forms, but the particular embodiments are shown by way of example in the drawings and are described in detail herein. However, it should be understood that the drawings and their detailed description are not intended to limit to the particular forms disclosed, but rather are intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives within the spirit and scope of the subject matter defined by the appended claims. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] Acronyms Throughout this disclosure, various acronyms are used. The definitions of the most prominent acronyms that may appear throughout this disclosure are as follows. · 3GPP (Registered Trademark): 3rd Generation Partnership Project · UE: User Equipment · RF: Radio Frequency · BS: Base Station · DL: Downlink · UL: Uplink · LTE: Long Term Evolution · NR: New Radio · 5GS: 5G System · 5GMM: 5GS Mobility Management · 5GC / 5GCN: 5G Core Network · IE: Information Element · CE: Control Element · MAC: Media Access Control · RRC: Radio Resource Control Terms

[0024] The following is a glossary of terms used in this disclosure.

[0025] Memory medium - Any of various types of non-transitory memory devices or storage devices. The term "memory medium" is intended to include installation media such as CD-ROMs, floppy disks, or tape devices; computer system memory or random access memory such as DRAM, DDR RAM, SRAM, EDO RAM, Rambus RAM; non-volatile memory such as flash, magnetic media such as hard drives, or optical storage devices; registers, or other similar types of memory elements. The storage medium may similarly include other types of non-transitory memory, or combinations thereof. Additionally, the memory medium may be located in a first computer system on which the program is executed, or in a second different computer system connected to the first computer system via a network such as the Internet. In the latter case, the second computer system can provide program instructions to the first computer for execution. The term "memory medium" may include two or more memory media that can exist in different locations, e.g., in different computer systems connected via a network. The memory medium may store program instructions executable by one or more processors (e.g., embodied as a computer program).

[0026] Carrier medium - A physical transmission medium such as the memory medium as described above, and other physical transmission media that carry signals such as buses, networks, and / or electrical, electromagnetic, or digital signals.

[0027] Programmable hardware elements - include various hardware devices comprising a plurality of programmable functional blocks connected via a programmable interconnect. Examples include Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs), Field Programmable Object Arrays (FPOAs), and Complex Programmable Logic Devices (CPLDs). Programmable functional blocks can range from fine-grained ones (combinational logic or look-up tables) to coarse-grained ones (arithmetic logic units or processor cores). Programmable hardware elements may also be referred to as "reconfigurable logic".

[0028] Computer system (or computer) - any of various types of computing or processing systems, including a personal computer system (PC), mainframe computer system, workstation, network device, Internet device, personal digital assistant (PDA), television system, grid computing system, or other device or combination of devices. In general, the term "computer system" can be defined broadly to include any device (or combination of devices) having at least one processor that executes instructions from a memory medium.

[0029] User device - as used herein, generally refers to a mobile (portable) communication device associated with a mobile actor or traffic participant in a V2X system, in contrast to infrastructure devices such as base stations, roadside units (RSUs), and servers, in the context of a V2X system. For example, vehicles and pedestrian user equipment (PUE) devices.

[0030] Infrastructure Device - As used herein, generally, in the context of a V2X system, it refers to a specific device within the V2X system that facilitates the participation of user devices in the V2X network, rather than being carried by a traffic actor (e.g., a pedestrian, a vehicle, or other mobile user) as opposed to a user device. Infrastructure devices include base stations and roadside units (RSUs).

[0031] User Equipment (UE) (or "UE Device") - A mobile or portable computer system device of any of various types that performs wireless communication. Examples of UE devices include mobile phones or smartphones (e.g., iPhone (registered trademark), Android (trademark)-based phones), portable gaming devices (e.g., Nintendo DS (trademark), PlayStation Portable (trademark), Gameboy Advance (trademark), iPhone (registered trademark)), laptops, wearable devices (e.g., smartwatches, smart glasses), PDAs, portable Internet devices, music players, data storage devices, other handheld devices, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) (e.g., drones), UAV controllers (UACs), etc. Generally, the terms "UE" or "UE device" can be broadly defined to include any electronic device, computing device, and / or telecommunications device (or combination of devices) that can be easily carried by a user and is capable of wireless communication.

[0032] Pedestrian UE (PUE) device - A user equipment (UE) device considered in the context of a V2X system that can be worn or carried by various people, including not only pedestrians in the strict sense of a person walking near a road, but also certain other peripheral or minority participants, or potential participants in a traffic environment. These include stationary people, people who are not necessarily near traffic or a road, people not in a vehicle, people jogging, running, skating, etc., or people on a vehicle such as a bicycle, scooter, or certain types of automobiles that do not substantially enhance the power capabilities of the UE.

[0033] Base station - The term "base station" has its full ordinary meaning and includes a radio communication station installed at least at a fixed location and used for communication as part of a radiotelephone system or a wireless system.

[0034] Processing element (or processor) - Refers to various elements or combinations of elements that can perform functions in a device such as a user equipment or a cellular network device. Processing elements can include, for example, a processor and associated memory, a portion or circuit of an individual processor core, an entire processor core, a processor array, a circuit such as an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), a programmable hardware element such as a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), and any of various combinations of the above.

[0035] Channel - The medium used to transmit information from the transmitter (on the sending side) to the receiver. Note that since the characteristics of the term "channel" can vary according to different wireless protocols, when used in this specification, the term "channel" is considered to be used in accordance with the standards of the type of device to which this term is related. In some standards, the channel width can be variable (e.g., depending on device capabilities, band conditions, etc.). For example, LTE may support a scalable channel bandwidth from 1.4 MHz to 20 MHz. In contrast, a WLAN channel can have a width of 22 MHz, and a Bluetooth channel can have a width of 1 MHz. Other protocols and standards may include different definitions of channels. Furthermore, some standards can define and use multiple types of channels, e.g., different channels for uplink or downlink, and / or different channels for different purposes such as data, control information, etc.

[0036] Band - The term "band" has its full normal meaning and includes at least a portion of the spectrum (e.g., the radio frequency spectrum) where channels are used or reserved for the same purpose.

[0037] Wi-Fi - The term "Wi-Fi" (or WiFi) has its full normal meaning and includes at least a wireless communication network or RAT that is serviced by wireless LAN (WLAN) access points and provides connectivity to the Internet via these access points. The latest Wi-Fi networks (or WLAN networks) are based on the IEEE 802.11 standard and are marketed under the name "Wi-Fi". Wi-Fi (WLAN) networks are different from cellular networks.

[0038] 3GPP (Registered Trademark) Access - Refers to access (e.g., radio access technology) specified by 3GPP standards. These accesses include, but are not limited to, GSM / GPRS, LTE, LTE-A, and / or 5G NR. Generally, 3GPP access refers to various types of cellular access technologies.

[0039] Non-3GPP Access - Refers to access (e.g., radio access technology) not specified by 3GPP standards. These accesses include, but are not limited to, WiMAX, CDMA 2000, Wi-Fi, WLAN, and / or fixed network. Non-3GPP access can be divided into two categories: "trusted" and "untrusted". That is, trusted non-3GPP access can interact directly with the evolved packet core (EPC) and / or 5G core (5GC), while untrusted non-3GPP access interacts with EPC / 5GC via network entities such as an evolved packet data gateway and / or 5G NR gateway. Generally, non-3GPP access refers to various types on non-cellular access technologies.

[0040] Automatically - Refers to an action or operation that is performed by a computer system (e.g., software executed by a computer system) or a device (e.g., a circuit, programmable hardware element, ASIC, etc.) without the user input directly specifying or executing the action or operation. Thus, the term "automatically" is in contrast to an action that is manually executed or specified by the user, where the user provides an input to directly execute the action. An automatic procedure may be initiated by an input provided by the user, but the subsequent actions that are "automatically" performed are not specified by the user, e.g., each action to be performed is not "manually" specified by the user. For example, when a user fills in an electronic form by selecting each field and providing input specification information (e.g., by typing information, selecting a checkbox, making a radio selection, etc.), it is a manual filling of the form even if the computer system has to update the form in response to the user's action. The form may be filled in automatically by a computer system, where the computer system (e.g., software executed on the computer system) analyzes the fields of the form and fills in the form without user input specifying the responses to the fields. As described above, the user can initiate the automatic filling of the form but is not involved in the actual filling of the form (e.g., the user does not manually specify the responses to the fields; rather, the responses are automatically completed). This specification provides various examples of actions that are automatically performed in response to actions taken by the user.

[0041] Approximately - Refers to a value that is nearly accurate or precise. For example, approximately can refer to a value within 1 - 10 percent of the precise (or desired) value. However, it should be noted that the actual threshold (or tolerance) may depend on the application. For example, in some embodiments, "approximately" may mean within 0.1% of a specified or desired value, and in various other embodiments, the threshold may be, as desired or as required by a particular application, e.g., 2%, 3%, 5%, etc.

[0042] Refers to parallel execution or performance where multiple tasks, processes, or programs are executed at least partially overlapping. For example, concurrent execution can be performed using "strong" or strict parallelism where tasks are executed in parallel (at least partially) on respective computing elements, or using "weak parallelism" where tasks are executed in an interleaved fashion, e.g., by time-sharing of execution threads.

[0043] Various components can be described as "configured" to perform one or more tasks. In such a context, "configured to" is a broad description generally meaning "having a structure" to perform a task or tasks during operation. Thus, a component may be configured to perform a task even when the component is not currently performing the task (e.g., a set of conductors may be configured to electrically connect a module to another module even when the two modules are not connected). In some contexts, "configured to" may be a broad description of structure generally meaning "having a circuit" to perform a task or tasks during operation. Thus, a component may be configured to perform a task even when the component is not currently on. Generally, a circuit forming the structure corresponding to "configured to" may include a hardware circuit.

[0044] For purposes of explanation, various components can be described as performing one or more tasks. Such descriptions should be interpreted to include the phrase "configured to". It is explicitly intended that the description of a component configured to perform one or more tasks does not carry out the interpretation of 35 U.S.C. § 112(f) for this component. Figure 1: A diagram showing a V2X communication system.

[0045] FIG. 1 shows an example of a vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2X) communication system according to some embodiments. Note that the system of FIG. 1 is merely an example of a possible system, and the features of the present disclosure may be implemented as desired in any of various systems.

[0046] A vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2X) communication system can be characterized as a network in which vehicles, UEs, and / or other devices and network entities exchange communications, among other possible purposes, to coordinate traffic activities. V2X communication includes communications transmitted between vehicles (e.g., wireless devices or communication devices that are part of, housed in, or otherwise mounted on a vehicle, including a UE) and various other devices. V2X communication includes vehicle-to-pedestrian (V2P), vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I), vehicle-to-network (V2N), and vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication, as well as communication between a vehicle and other possible network entities or devices. V2X communication may also refer to communication between other non-vehicle devices participating in a V2X network for the purpose of sharing V2X-related information.

[0047] V2X communication can comply with, for example, 3GPP cellular V2X (C-V2X) specifications, or one or more other or subsequent standards by which vehicles and other devices and network entities can communicate. In V2X communication, both long-range (e.g., cellular) communication and short- and medium-range (e.g., non-cellular) communication can be utilized. Cellular-enabled V2X communication may be referred to as cellular V2X (C-V2X) communication. A C-V2X system may use various cellular radio access technologies (RATs) such as 4G LTE or 5G NR RAT. Certain LTE specifications that can be used in a V2X system may be referred to as LTE-Vehicle (LTE-V) specifications.

[0048] As shown in the illustration, an exemplary V2X system includes several user devices. As used herein, in the context of a V2X system, as defined above, the term "user device" generally refers to a device associated with a mobile actor or traffic participant in a V2X system, such as a mobile (portable) communication device like a vehicle and a pedestrian user equipment (PUE) device. User devices in an exemplary V2X system include PUEs 103A and 103B and vehicles 105A and 105B. Note that in various embodiments, PUEs 103A and 103B and / or vehicles 105A and 105B may each be, for example, as further described herein, a UE 106.

[0049] Vehicle 105 can constitute various types of vehicles. For example, vehicle 105A may be a road vehicle or automobile, a mass transportation vehicle, or another type of vehicle. Vehicle 105 can perform wireless communication by various means. For example, vehicle 105A can include, as part of the vehicle, or a communication device housed in the vehicle, or, among other possibilities, communicate via a wireless communication device currently included within the vehicle or carried by the vehicle, such as a user equipment (UE) device (e.g., a smartphone or similar device) carried or worn by a driver, passenger, or other person in the vehicle. For simplicity, the term "vehicle" as used herein represents the vehicle and may include the wireless communication device that performs its communication. Thus, for example, when it is said that vehicle 105A performs wireless communication, more specifically, it is understood that a specific wireless communication device associated with and carried by vehicle 105A is performing the wireless communication.

[0050] The pedestrian UE (PUE) 103 can constitute various types of user equipment (UE) devices, such as portable devices capable of wireless communication like smartphones and smartwatches, and can be associated with various types of users. Thus, UE103 is, for example, a UE like UE106 and can be referred to as a UE and / or a UE device. Although it is called a PUE (Pedestrian UE), PUE103 does not necessarily have to be carried by a person actively walking on a road or on the street. A PUE is a UE participating in a V2X system and may be carried by a stationary person, a walking or running person, or a person riding on a vehicle such as a bicycle, scooter, or certain automobiles that may not substantially enhance the power capability of the device. Also, note that not all UEs participating in a V2X system are necessarily PUEs.

[0051] The user device may be capable of communicating using multiple wireless communication standards. For example, PUE103A may be configured to communicate using at least one cellular communication protocol (such as GSM, UMTS, LTE, LTE-A, LTE-V, HSPA, 3GPP2 CDMA2000, 5G NR, etc.), in addition to a wireless network (such as Wi-Fi) and / or a peer-to-peer wireless communication protocol (such as Bluetooth, Wi-Fi peer-to-peer, etc.). Also, PUE103A may communicate and / or be configured to communicate using one or more global navigation satellite systems (GNSS, such as GPS or GLONASS), one or more mobile TV broadcast standards (such as ATSC-M / H or DVB-H), and / or, if desired, any other wireless communication protocol. Other combinations of wireless communication standards (including three or more) are also possible.

[0052] As shown in the illustration, certain user devices may be able to communicate directly with each other without the involvement of an intermediate infrastructure device such as base station 102A or RSU 110A. As shown in the illustration, vehicle 105A can perform direct V2X-related communication with vehicle 105B. Similarly, vehicle 105B can perform direct V2X-related communication with PUE 103B. Such peer-to-peer communication can utilize a "sidelink" interface such as the PC5 interface in some LTE and / or 5G NR embodiments. In some embodiments, the PC5 interface supports direct cellular communication between user devices (e.g., between vehicles 105), and the Uu interface supports cellular communication with infrastructure devices such as base stations. The PC5 / Uu interface is used as an example only, and PC5 as used herein can represent various other possible wireless communication technologies that enable direct sidelink communication between user devices, and Uu can represent cellular communication that occurs between a user device and an infrastructure device such as a base station. Some user devices within the V2X system, such as PUE 103A, may not be able to perform sidelink communication, for example, because they lack the specific hardware necessary to perform such communication.

[0053] As shown in the illustration, an exemplary V2X system includes several infrastructure devices in addition to the aforementioned user devices. As used herein, "infrastructure device" in the context of a V2X system refers to a specific device within the V2X system that is not carried by a traffic actor (e.g., a pedestrian, a vehicle, or other mobile user) like a user device, but rather facilitates the participation of user devices in the V2X network. Exemplary infrastructure devices in a V2X system include base station 102A and roadside unit (RSU) 110A.

[0054] The base station (BS) 102A may be a base transceiver station (BTS) or a cell site (a "cellular base station") and may include hardware that enables wireless communication with user devices, such as user devices 103A and 105A.

[0055] The communication area (or coverage area) of the base station may be referred to as a "cell" or "coverage." User devices such as base station 102A and PUE 103A may be configured to communicate via a transmission medium using various radio access technologies (RATs), also called wireless communication technologies, or any of the telecommunications standards such as GSM, UMTS, LTE, LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), LTE-Vehicle (LTE-V), HSPA, 3GPP2 CDMA2000, 5G NR. It should be noted that when base station 102A is implemented in the context of LTE, the base station may alternatively be referred to as an "eNodeB" or eNB, while when base station 102A is implemented in the context of 5G NR, the base station may alternatively be referred to as a "gNodeB" or gNB.

[0056] As shown, base station 102A may be equipped to communicate with network 100 (e.g., among various possibilities, a V2X network, as well as a telecommunications network such as the core network of a cellular service provider, the public switched telephone network (PSTN), and / or the Internet). Thus, base station 102A may facilitate communication between user devices and / or between a user device and network 100. Base station 102A can provide various telecommunications functions such as voice, SMS, and / or data services to user devices such as PUE 103A. In particular, base station 102A can provide access to the V2X network to connected user devices such as PUE 103A and vehicle 105A.

[0057] Therefore, as shown in FIG. 1, base station 102A can function as a "serving cell" for user devices 103A and 105A, but user devices 103B and 105B can also communicate with base station 102A. The illustrated user devices, e.g., user devices 103A, 103B, 105A, and 105B, can also receive signals from one or more other cells (which may optionally be within their communication range) that can be referred to as "neighboring cells" (which can be provided by base stations 102B-N and / or any other base stations). Such cells can also facilitate communication between user devices and / or communication between user devices and network 100. Such cells may include "macro" cells, "micro" cells, "pico" cells, and / or cells providing various other granularities of service area size. For example, base stations 102A - 102B shown in FIG. 1 may be macro cells, and base station 102N may be a micro cell. Of course, other configurations are possible.

[0058] Road Side Unit (RSU) 110A constitutes another base device that can be used to provide access to the V2X network for a specific user device. RSU110A can be one of various types of devices, such as a base station, e.g., a transceiver station (BTS) or a cell site ("cellular base station"), or another type of device that includes hardware to enable wireless communication with user devices and facilitate their participation in the V2X network.

[0059] RSU110A can be configured to communicate using one or more wireless networking communication protocols (e.g., Wi-Fi), cellular communication protocols (e.g., LTE, LTE-V, 5G NR, etc.), and / or other wireless communication protocols. In some embodiments, RSU110A may be able to communicate with devices using "sidelink" technologies such as PC5.

[0060] RSU110A can communicate directly with user devices such as vehicles 106A and 106B as shown in the figure. RSU110A can also communicate with base station 102A. In some cases, RSU110A can provide access to base station 102A to a specific user device, such as vehicle 106B. Although RSU110A is shown as communicating with vehicle 106, it may also be (or otherwise) possible to communicate with PUE104. Similarly, RSU110A does not necessarily have to forward user device communications to base station 102A. In some embodiments, RSU110A can constitute the base station itself and / or can forward communications to server 120.

[0061] Server 120 constitutes a network entity of the V2X system as shown in the figure and can be referred to as a cloud server. Base station 102A and / or RSU110A can relay some V2X-related communications between user devices 104 and 106 and server 120. Server 120 can be used to process specific information collected from multiple user devices and can manage V2X communications to user devices to adjust traffic activities. In various other embodiments of the V2X system, various functions of cloud server 120 may be performed by infrastructure devices such as base station 102A or RSU110A, may be performed by one or more user devices, and / or may not be performed at all. Figure 2 - Communication between UE and Base Station

[0062] Figure 2 shows a user equipment (UE) device 106 (e.g., one of PUE103A or 103B and / or vehicle 105A or 105B in Figure 1) that communicates with base station 102 (e.g., base station 102A in Figure 1) according to some embodiments. UE106 can be a device having cellular communication capabilities such as a mobile phone, a handheld device, a computer or a tablet, or substantially any type of portable wireless device.

[0063] UE106 can include a processor configured to execute program instructions stored in a memory. By executing such stored instructions, UE106 can execute any of the method embodiments described herein. Alternatively, and / or additionally, UE106 can include programmable hardware elements such as an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) configured to execute any of the method embodiments described herein, or any portion of any of the method embodiments described herein.

[0064] UE106 can include one or more antennas for communicating using one or more wireless communication protocols or technologies. In some embodiments, UE104 can be configured to communicate using, for example, CDMA2000 (1xRTT / 1xEV-DO / HRPD / eHRPD) LTE, and / or 5G NR using a single shared radio, and / or 5G NR or LTE using a single shared radio. The shared radio may be coupled to a single antenna or (for example, for MIMO) multiple antennas to perform wireless communication. Generally, the radio can include any combination of a baseband processor, analog RF signal processing circuitry (including, for example, filters, mixers, oscillators, amplifiers, etc.), or digital processing circuitry (for example, for digital modulation and other digital processing). Similarly, the radio may execute one or more receive and transmit chains using the hardware described above. For example, UE106 can share one or more portions of a receive and / or transmit chain among multiple wireless communication technologies such as those described above.

[0065] In some embodiments, UE106 may include separate transmit and / or receive chains (e.g., including separate antennas and other radio components) for each wireless communication protocol configured to communicate. As a further possibility, UE106 may include one or more radios shared among multiple wireless communication protocols and one or more radios used only by a single wireless communication protocol. For example, UE106 may include a shared radio for communicating using any of 5G NR, LTE, and / or 1xRTT (or LTE or GSM) and separate radios for communicating using each of Wi-Fi and Bluetooth. Other configurations are possible. Figure 3: Block Diagram of UE

[0066] FIG. 3 shows an example of a simplified block diagram of communication device 106 according to some embodiments. Note that the block diagram of the communication device in FIG. 3 is merely an example of a possible communication device. According to an embodiment, communication device 106 may be, among other devices, a user equipment (UE) device (e.g., PUE103 and / or vehicle 105, etc.), a mobile device or mobile station, a wireless device or wireless station, a desktop computer or computing device, a mobile computing device (e.g., a laptop, notebook, or portable computing device), a tablet, an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), a UAV controller (UAC), and / or a combination of devices. As shown in the figure, communication device 106 may include a set 300 of components configured to perform core functions. For example, this set of components may be implemented as a system on chip (SOC) that may include portions for various purposes. Alternatively, this set 300 of components may be implemented as separate components or groups of components for various purposes. The set 300 of components may be coupled (e.g., communicatively directly or indirectly) to various other circuits of communication device 106.

[0067] For example, as the communication device 106, there can be various types of memories (e.g., including NAND flash 310), an input / output interface such as a connector I / F 320 (e.g., for connecting to a computer system; a "dock"; a charging station; input devices such as a microphone, a camera, a keyboard; output devices such as a speaker; the same hereinafter), a display 360 that may be integrated with the communication device 106 or may be external to the communication device, a cellular communication circuit 330 for 5G NR, LTE, GSM, etc., and a short-to-medium range wireless communication circuit 329 (e.g., Bluetooth (trademark) and WLAN circuits). In some embodiments, the communication device 106 may include a wired communication circuit (not shown) such as a network interface card for Ethernet, for example.

[0068] The cellular communication circuit 330 can be coupled (e.g., communicatively, directly or indirectly) to one or more antennas such as antennas 335 and 336 as shown in the figure. The short-to-medium range wireless communication circuit 329 can also be coupled (e.g., communicatively, directly or indirectly) to one or more antennas such as antennas 337 and 338 as shown in the figure. Alternatively, in addition to or instead of being coupled (e.g., directly or indirectly communicatively) to antennas 337 and 338, the short-to-medium range wireless communication circuit 329 may be coupled (e.g., directly or indirectly communicatively) to antennas 335 and 336. The short-to-medium range wireless communication circuit 329 and / or the cellular communication circuit 330 may include a plurality of receive chains and / or a plurality of transmit chains for receiving and / or transmitting a plurality of spatial streams in a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) configuration or the like.

[0069] In some embodiments, as further described below, the cellular communication circuit 330 may include dedicated receive chains (e.g., a first receive chain for LTE and a second receive chain for 5G NR) for a plurality of RATs (e.g., including dedicated processors and / or radios, and / or communicatively coupled directly or indirectly to dedicated processors and / or radios). Additionally, in some embodiments, the cellular communication circuit 330 may include a single transmit chain that can be switched between radios dedicated to a particular RAT. For example, a first radio may be dedicated to a first RAT, e.g., LTE, and communicate with a dedicated receive chain and a transmit chain shared with an additional radio, e.g., a second radio, and the second radio may be dedicated to a second RAT, e.g., 5G NR, and communicate with the dedicated receive chain and the shared transmit chain.

[0070] The communication device 106 may also include, and / or be configured to be used with, one or more user interface elements. The user interface elements may include a display 360 (which may be a touch screen display), a keyboard (which may be a separate keyboard or implemented as part of a touch screen display), a mouse, a microphone, and / or a speaker, one or more cameras, one or more buttons, and / or any of various other elements capable of providing information to the user and / or receiving or interpreting user input, such as any of various elements.

[0071] The communication device 106 can further include one or more smart cards 345, such as one or more UICC (Universal Integrated Circuit Card) cards 345, which include SIM (Subscriber Identity Module) functionality. Note that the term "SIM" or "SIM entity" is intended to include any of various types of SIM implementations or SIM functionality, such as one or more removable or embedded UICC(s) card 345, one or more eUICC, one or more eSIM, etc. In some embodiments, the UE 106 can include at least two SIMs. Each SIM may execute one or more SIM applications and / or implement SIM functionality. Thus, each SIM may be a single smart card that can be embedded, for example, soldered onto the circuit board of the UE 106, or each SIM 310 may be implemented as a removable smart card. Thus, the SIM may be one or more removable smart cards (such as a UICC card, sometimes referred to as a "SIM card"), and / or the SIM 310 may be one or more embedded cards (e.g., an embedded UICC (eUICC), sometimes referred to as an "eSIM" or "eSIM card"). In some embodiments (such as when the SIM includes an eUICC), one or more of the SIMs may implement embedded SIM (eSIM) functionality. In such embodiments, a single SIM (singular or plural) can execute multiple SIM applications. Each of the SIMs may include components such as a processor and / or memory, and the instructions for executing the SIM / eSIM functionality may be stored in the memory and executed by the processor. In some embodiments, the UE 106 can include, as needed, a combination of removable smart cards and fixed / non-removable smart cards (such as one or more eUICC cards that implement eSIM functionality). For example, the UE 106 can include two embedded SIMs, two removable SIMs, or a combination of one embedded SIM and one removable SIM. Various other SIM configurations are also contemplated.

[0072] As described above, in some embodiments, the UE 106 can include two or more SIMs. Including two or more SIMs in the UE 106 can enable the UE 106 to support two different telephone numbers and can enable the UE 106 to communicate on two corresponding respective networks. For example, the first SIM can support a first RAT such as LTE, and the second SIM 310 can support a second RAT such as 5G NR. Of course, other implementations and RATs are also possible. In some embodiments, when the UE 106 includes two SIMs, the UE 106 can support dual SIM dual active (DSDA) functionality. The DSDA functionality can enable the UE 106 to be simultaneously connected to two networks (and use two different RATs), or to simultaneously maintain two connections supported by two different SIMs using the same or different RATs on the same or different networks. The DSDA functionality can also enable the UE 106 to simultaneously receive voice calls or data traffic on either telephone number. In certain embodiments, the voice call can be a packet-switched communication. In other words, the voice call can be received using voice over LTE (VoLTE) technology and / or voice over NR (VoNR) technology. In some embodiments, the UE 106 can support dual SIM dual standby (DSDS) functionality. The DSDS functionality can enable either of the two SIMs in the UE 106 to wait for a voice call and / or a data connection. In DSDS, when a call / data is established on one SIM, the other SIM becomes inactive. In some embodiments, the DSDx functionality (either DSDA or DSDS functionality) can be implemented by a single SIM (e.g., eUICC) that executes multiple SIM applications for different multi-carrier beams and / or RATs.

[0073] As shown in the illustration, the SOC 300 can include a processor 302 capable of executing program instructions for the communication device 106, and a display circuit 304 capable of performing graphic processing and providing a display signal to the display 360. The processor(s) 302 may be coupled to a memory management unit (MMU) 340, which receives addresses from the processor(s) 302 and converts those addresses to locations within a memory (e.g., memory 306, read-only memory (ROM) 350, NAND flash memory 310), and / or to other circuits or devices such as the display circuit 304, the short-range wireless communication circuit 329, the cellular communication circuit 330, the connector I / F 320, and / or the display 360. The MMU 340 may be configured to perform memory protection and page table translation or setup. In some embodiments, the MMU 340 may be included as part of the processor(s) 302.

[0074] As described above, the communication device 106 can be configured to communicate using wireless and / or wired communication circuits. The communication device 106 can be configured to execute a method for utilizing UE-to-UE cooperation messages, for example, for V2X mode 2 resource allocation, as further described herein.

[0075] As described herein, communication device 106 may include hardware and software components for implementing the above functions for the communication device 106 to communicate a power saving scheduling profile to the network. The processor 302 of the communication device 106 may be configured to execute some or all of the features described herein, for example, by executing program instructions stored in a memory medium (e.g., a non-transitory computer-readable memory medium). Alternatively (or in addition), the processor 302 may be configured as a programmable hardware element such as an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array), or as an ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit). As an alternative (or in addition), the processor 302 of the communication device 106 may be configured to implement some or all of the features described herein in conjunction with any one or more of the other components 300, 304, 306, 310, 320, 329, 330, 340, 345, 350, 360.

[0076] Furthermore, as described herein, the processor 302 can include one or more processing elements. Thus, the processor 302 may include one or more integrated circuits (ICs) configured to execute the functions of the processor 302. Further, each integrated circuit may include circuits (e.g., a first circuit, a second circuit, etc.) configured to execute the functions of the processor 302.

[0077] Furthermore, as described herein, the cellular communication circuit 330 and the short-to-medium range wireless communication circuit 329 can each include one or more processing elements. In other words, one or more processing elements may be included in the cellular communication circuit 330, and similarly, one or more processing elements may be included in the short-to-medium range wireless communication circuit 329. Thus, the cellular communication circuit 330 may include one or more integrated circuits (ICs) configured to perform the functions of the cellular communication circuit 330. Additionally, each integrated circuit may include circuits (e.g., a first circuit, a second circuit, etc.) configured to perform the functions of the cellular communication circuit 330. Similarly, the short-to-medium range wireless communication circuit 329 can include one or more ICs configured to perform the functions of the short-to-medium range wireless communication circuit 329. Additionally, each integrated circuit may include circuits (e.g., a first circuit, a second circuit, etc.) configured to perform the functions of the short-to-medium range wireless communication circuit 329. Figure 4; Block Diagram of Cellular Communication Circuit

[0078] FIG. 4 shows an example of a simplified block diagram of a cellular communication circuit according to some embodiments. It should be noted that the block diagram of the cellular communication circuit in FIG. 4 is only an example of a possible cellular communication circuit. According to an embodiment, the cellular communication circuit 430, which may be the cellular communication circuit 430, may be included in a communication device such as the aforementioned communication device 106. As described above, the communication device 106 may be, among other devices, a user equipment (UE) device, a mobile device or mobile station, a wireless device or radio base station, a desktop computer or computing device, a mobile computing device (e.g., a laptop, notebook, or portable computing device), a tablet, and / or a combination of devices.

[0079] The cellular communication circuit 430 may be coupled (e.g., communicatively, directly or indirectly) to one or more antennas such as antennas 435a - b and 436 as shown (in FIG. 4). In some embodiments, the cellular communication circuit 430 may include dedicated receive chains (e.g., a first receive chain for LTE and a second receive chain for 4G NR) for a plurality of RATs (e.g., including dedicated processors and / or radios and / or communicatively directly or indirectly coupled to dedicated processors and / or radios). For example, as shown in FIG. 4, the cellular communication circuit 430 may include a modem 410 and a modem 420. The modem 410 may be configured for communication according to a first RAT, e.g., LTE or LTE - A, etc., and the modem 420 may be configured for communication according to a second RAT, e.g., 4G NR, etc.

[0080] As shown, the modem 410 may include one or more processors 412 and a memory 416 that communicate with a processor 412. The modem 410 may communicate with a radio frequency (RF) front - end 430. The RF front - end 430 may include circuitry for transmitting and receiving wireless signals. For example, the RF front - end 430 may include a receive circuit (RX) 432 and a transmit circuit (TX) 434. In some embodiments, the receive circuit 432 may communicate with a downlink (DL) front - end 450 that may include circuitry for receiving wireless signals via antenna 335a.

[0081] Similarly, the modem 420 may include one or more processors 422 and a memory 426 that communicate with the processor 422. The modem 420 may communicate with an RF front - end 440. The RF front - end 440 may include circuitry for transmitting and receiving wireless signals. For example, the RF front - end 440 may include a receive circuit 442 and a transmit circuit 444. In some embodiments, the receive circuit 442 may communicate with a DL front - end 460 that may include circuitry for receiving wireless signals via antenna 335b.

[0082] In some embodiments, switch 470 can couple transmission circuit 434 to uplink (UL) front end 472. Further, switch 470 can couple transmission circuit 444 to UL front end 472. UL front end 472 can include circuitry for transmitting a wireless signal via antenna 336. Thus, when cellular communication circuit 430 receives an instruction to transmit according to a first RAT (such as being supported via modem 410), switch 470 can be switched to a first state that enables modem 410 to transmit a signal according to the first RAT (such as via a transmission chain including transmission circuit 434 and UL front end 472). Similarly, when cellular communication circuit 430 receives an instruction to transmit according to a second RAT (such as being supported via modem 420), switch 470 can be switched to a second state that enables modem 420 to transmit a signal according to the second RAT (such as via a transmission chain including transmission circuit 444 and UL front end 472).

[0083] In some embodiments, cellular communication circuit 430 can be configured to perform utilization of UE - to - UE cooperation messages, for example, for V2X mode 2 resource allocation, as further described herein.

[0084] As described herein, the modem 410 can include hardware and software components for implementing the above functions or for time-division multiplexed UL data for NSA NR operation, as well as various other techniques described herein. The processor 412 may be configured to implement some or all of the features described herein, for example, by executing program instructions stored in a memory medium (e.g., a non-transitory computer-readable memory medium). Alternatively (or in addition), the processor 412 may be configured as a programmable hardware element such as an FPGA (field programmable gate array) or as an ASIC (application specific integrated circuit). Alternatively (or in addition), the processor 412 may be configured to implement some or all of the features described herein in conjunction with one or more of the other components 430, 432, 434, 450, 470, 472, 335 and 336.

[0085] Furthermore, as described herein, the processor 412 can include one or more processing elements. Thus, the processor 412 can include one or more integrated circuits (ICs) configured to perform the functions of the processor 412. Further, each integrated circuit may include circuits (e.g., a first circuit, a second circuit, etc.) configured to perform the functions of the processor 412.

[0086] As described herein, the modem 420 can include hardware and software components for implementing the above functions for communicating a power saving scheduling profile to the network, as well as various other techniques described herein. The processor 422 may be configured to implement some or all of the features described herein, for example, by executing program instructions stored in a memory medium (e.g., a non-transitory computer-readable memory medium). Alternatively (or in addition), the processor 422 may be configured as a programmable hardware element such as an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array), or as an ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit). Alternatively (or in addition), the processor 422 may be configured to implement some or all of the features described herein in conjunction with one or more of the other components 440, 442, 444, 450, 470, 472, 335 and 336.

[0087] Furthermore, as described herein, the processor 422 can include one or more processing elements. Accordingly, the processor 422 can include one or more integrated circuits (ICs) configured to perform the functions of the processor 422. Further, each integrated circuit may include circuits (e.g., a first circuit, a second circuit, etc.) configured to perform the functions of the processor 422. Figure 5: Baseband Processor Architecture

[0088] FIG. 5 shows an example of a baseband processor architecture for a UE (e.g., UE106, etc.) according to some embodiments. The baseband processor architecture 500 described in FIG. 5 can be implemented in one or more radios (e.g., the radios 429 and / or 430 described above) or modems (e.g., modems 510 and / or 520), as described above. As shown, the non-access stratum (NAS) 510 can include a 5G NAS 520 and a legacy NAS 550. The legacy NAS 550 can include a communication connection with a legacy access stratum (AS) 570. The 5G NAS 520 can include communication connections with both the 5G AS 540 and the non-3GPP AS 530 and the Wi-Fi AS 532. The 5G NAS 520 can include functional entities associated with both access layers. Thus, the 5G NAS 520 can include a plurality of 5G MM entities 526 and 528 and 5G session management (SM) entities 522 and 524. The legacy NAS 550 can include functional entities such as a short message service (SMS) entity 552, an evolved packet system (EPS) session management (ESM) entity 554, a session management (SM) entity 556, an EPS mobility management (EMM) entity 558, and a mobility management (MM) / GPRS mobility management (GMM) entity 560. Further, the legacy AS 570 can include functional entities such as an LTE AS 572, a UMTS AS 574, and / or a GSM / GPRS AS 576.

[0089] Accordingly, the baseband processor architecture 500 enables a common 5G-NAS for both 5G cellular and non-cellular (e.g., non-3GPP access). Note that as shown in the figure, 5G MM can maintain a connection management and registration management state machine for each connection individually. In addition, a device (e.g., UE106) can register with a single PLMN (e.g., 5G CN) using both 5G cellular access and non-cellular access. Further, the device can be in a connected state on one access and in an idle state on another access, and vice versa. Finally, there can be 5G-MM procedures (e.g., registration, deregistration, identification, authentication, etc.) common to both accesses.

[0090] Note that in various embodiments, one or more of the above functional entities of 5G NAS and / or 5G AS can be configured to perform, for example, utilization of UE-to-UE coordination messages in a method for V2X mode 2 resource allocation, as further described herein. Figure 6: Block Diagram of a Base Station

[0091] Figure 6 shows an example of a block diagram of a base station 102 (e.g., base station 102A of FIG. 1) according to some embodiments. Note that the base station of FIG. 6 is only an example of a possible base station. As shown, base station 102 can include a processor 604 capable of executing program instructions for base station 102. The processor(s) 604 may also be coupled to a memory management unit (MMU) 640, which is configured to receive addresses from the processor(s) 604 and translate those addresses to locations within a memory (e.g., memory 660 and read-only memory (ROM) 650) or other circuits or devices.

[0092] The base station 102 can include at least one network port 670. The network port 670 can be configured to couple to a telephone network and provide a plurality of devices such as UE devices 106.

[0093] The network port 670 (or an additional network port) can also or alternatively be configured to couple to a cellular network, such as the core network of a cellular service provider. The core network can provide mobility-related services and / or other services to a plurality of devices such as UE device 106. In some cases, the network port 670 can couple to a telephone network via the core network, and / or the core network can provide a telephone network (e.g., between other UE devices served by a cellular service provider).

[0094] In some embodiments, the base station 102 can be a next-generation base station, such as a 5G New Radio (5G NR) base station, or a "gNB". In such embodiments, the base station 102 can be connected to a legacy evolved packet core (EPC) network and / or an NR core (NRC) network. Additionally, the base station 102 can be considered a 5G NR cell and can include one or more transmit and receive points (TRPs). Additionally, a UE capable of operating according to 5G NR can be connected to one or more TRPs within one or more gNBs.

[0095] Base station 102 can include at least one antenna 634 and, optionally, multiple antennas. The at least one antenna 634 may be configured to operate as a radio transceiver and may be further configured to communicate with UE device 106 via radio 630. Antenna 634 communicates with radio 630 via communication chain 632. Communication chain 632 can be a receive chain, a transmit chain, or both. Radio 630 can be configured to communicate via various wireless communication standards including, but not limited to, 5G NR, LTE, LTE-A, GSM, UMTS, CDMA 2000, Wi-Fi, etc.

[0096] Base station 102 may be configured to perform wireless communication using multiple wireless communication standards. Optionally, base station 102 can include multiple radios, which can enable base station 102 to communicate according to multiple wireless communication technologies. For example, as one possibility, base station 102 may include an LTE radio for performing communication according to LTE and a 5G NR radio for performing communication according to 5G NR. In such a case, base station 102 may be capable of operating as both an LTE base station and a 5G NR base station. As another example, base station 102 may include a 5G NR radio for performing communication according to 5G NR and a Wi-Fi radio for performing communication according to Wi-Fi. In such a case, base station 102 may be capable of operating as both a 5G NR base station and a Wi-Fi access point. As a further possibility, base station 102 can include a multi-mode radio that can communicate according to any of multiple wireless communication technologies (e.g., 5G NR and Wi-Fi, LTE and Wi-Fi, LTE and UMTS, LTE and CDMA 2000, UMTS and GSM, etc.).

[0097] As will be further described hereinafter, BS 102 can include hardware and software components for implementing or supporting the implementation of the features described herein. The processor 604 of base station 102 can be configured to implement or support some or all of the methods described herein, for example, by executing program instructions stored in a memory medium (e.g., a non-transitory computer-readable memory medium). Alternatively, the processor 604 may be configured as a programmable hardware element such as an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array), or as an ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit), or as a combination thereof. Alternatively (or in addition), the processor 604 of BS 102 can be configured to implement or support some or all of the features described herein, together with one or more of the other components 630, 632, 634, 640, 650, 660, 670.

[0098] Furthermore, as described herein, the processor 604 may be composed of one or more processing elements. In other words, one or more processing elements may be included in the processor 604. Accordingly, the processor 604 can include one or more integrated circuits (ICs) configured to perform the functions of the processor 604. Further, each integrated circuit may include circuits (e.g., a first circuit, a second circuit, etc.) configured to perform the functions of the processor 604.

[0099] Furthermore, as described herein, the radio 630 may be composed of one or more processing elements. In other words, one or more processing elements may be included in the radio 630. Accordingly, the radio 630 can include one or more integrated circuits (ICs) configured to perform the functions of the radio 630. Further, each integrated circuit may include circuits (e.g., a first circuit, a second circuit, etc.) configured to perform the functions of the radio 630. Sidelink Resource Management

[0100] In some existing implementations, to avoid collisions (e.g., collisions of transmissions from two or more wireless devices attempting to access a shared medium) and improve medium utilization efficiency, a listen-before-talk (LBT) mechanism can be used to access a shared medium (e.g., Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and other short- and medium-range communications, such as unlicensed bands commonly used for non-3GPP access). However, the LBT mechanism is not collision-free. In other words, the LBT mechanism cannot guarantee collision-free transmissions.

[0101] For example, in the case of unicast transmission, the transmitter can easily detect transmission collisions based on the receiver's acknowledgment / negative acknowledgment (ACK / NACK) feedback. However, in the case of multicast (or groupcast) transmission, the transmitter may not be able to easily detect collisions based on the receiver's ACK / NACK, at least in part, because of the high traffic associated with ACK / NACK from multiple receivers and because the transmitter cannot distinguish (or separate) transmission collisions from channel quality issues based on the received ACK / NACK. In other words, receivers in a multicast transmission may have different positions with different channel qualities, so the transmitter cannot determine the reason for the NACK (e.g., a transmission collision due to poor channel quality). Furthermore, in the case of broadcast transmission, since it is known that feedback from receivers is not feasible, in this scenario, the transmitter has no knowledge of collisions. Additionally, in some embodiments, the transmitter can reserve periodic slots within a reservation period for communication. In such embodiments, when a collision occurs, if the transmitter does not detect (or cannot detect) the collision, the collision may persist over at least a portion of the reservation period (and in the worst-case scenario, the duration of the reservation period).

[0102] As an example, for instance, vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2X) communication as specified in 3GPP TS 22.185 V.14.3.0 and later enables communication between a vehicle (e.g., a wireless device provided in or currently included in the vehicle, and / or a mobile unit within the vehicle such as another transmitter included in or provided with the vehicle) and various wireless devices. For example, as shown in FIG. 7, a vehicle such as vehicle 712a can communicate with various devices (e.g., devices 712b to 712f) such as a roadside unit (RSU), infrastructure (V2I), network (V2N), pedestrian (V2P), and / or another vehicle (V2V). In addition, as shown in the figure, all devices within the V2X framework may communicate with other devices. In V2X communication, both long-distance (e.g., cellular) communication and short- to medium-distance communication (e.g., non-cellular) can be utilized. In some contemplated implementations, non-cellular communication can use unlicensed bands as well as dedicated spectrum at 5.9 GHz. Furthermore, V2X communication can include unicast, multicast, groupcast, and / or broadcast communication. Each communication type can use an LBT mechanism. Additionally, under the V2X communication protocol, a transmitter can reserve periodic slots within a reservation period. Thus, as described above, in various cases, a transmitter using V2X communication may, in some cases, be unable to detect a collision after using the LBT mechanism.

[0103] In some existing implementations, 5G NR V2X may include various scheduling modes. For example, 5G NR V2X mode 2 may be designed for UE self-determination of sidelink transmission resources. 5G NR V2X mode 2 has mode 2(a) in which a user equipment device (UE) autonomously selects sidelink resources for transmission, and mode 2(b) in which the UE assists in sidelink resource selection for other UEs. Mode 2(c) in which the UE is configured with an NR configured grant (e.g., a network-defined semi-persistent grant) for sidelink transmission, Mode 2(d) in which the UE schedules sidelink transmissions of other UEs, including various submodes. Furthermore, due to the periodic nature of V2X messaging, existing implementations of V2X can support semi-persistent scheduling (SPS), e.g., configured grants. For example, the semi-persistent resources of SPS can represent resources that are timely repeated over a set of discontinuous subframes with a specific repeating periodicity. Furthermore, existing implementations of SPS (e.g., LTE V2X) and their corresponding resource allocation designs are optimized for broadcast services. However, 5G NR V2X mode 2 further supports both unicast services and groupcast services. Therefore, there is a great need to enhance the method for assisting semi-persistent resource allocation for unicast services and groupcast services in 5G NR V2X mode 2. Use of UE-to-UE coordination messages

[0104] In current cellular communication systems such as those defined by NR V2X Release 16, in the case of mode 2 resource allocation methods, the transmitting radio device can select sidelink transmission resources based on its own sensing and resource selection procedures, e.g., without input from the receiving radio device. NR V2X Release 17 introduced that for UE-to-UE coordination of mode 2 resource allocation, a set of resources can be determined by a first radio device (e.g., UE-A) and transmitted to a second radio device (UE-B). The second radio device can then consider the set of resources in its resource selection for its own transmission.

[0105] To determine a set of resources, candidate resources are identified within a resource selection window. If a resource is reserved and the associated RSRP measurement value exceeds a threshold, the resource may be excluded. Note that the initial RSRP threshold is preconfigured for each combination of the priority of data for transmission and the priority of data for which the resource is reserved. If the number of identified candidate resources exceeds X% of the number of all resources within the resource selection window in the resource pool, the identification can be stopped. Note that X can be 20, 35, and / or 50 and can be preconfigured for each resource pool for each L1 priority. Further, at the completion of the identification process, if the number of identified candidate resources is less than or equal to X% of the number of all resources within the resource selection window in the resource pool, the RSRP threshold (initial and / or current) can be increased by 3 dB and the identification procedure can be repeated. Once the resource set is identified, it can be transmitted to a second wireless device. The second wireless device performs a randomized resource selection based on the resource set and can ensure a minimum time gap between any two selected resources of a TB for which HARQ feedback for the first resource among these resources is expected.

[0106] In particular, the total number of candidate single-slot resources within the resource selection window can be set as Mtotal. Further, the detection window may be defined by a detection operation, and an internal RSRP threshold for resource exclusion may be set. Further, the set of all candidate single-slot resources may initially be set as SA, and the first wireless device may exclude any candidate single-slot resource from SA due to unmonitored slots and / or due to resource reservation conflicts (e.g., the side-link control information (SCI) of the physical side-link control channel (PSCCH) or the physical side-link shared channel (PSSCH) associated with the reservation SCI and / or the resources reserved by RSRP are greater than the RSRP threshold). Then, if the number of candidate single-slot resources within SA is less than the product of X and Mtotal, the RSRP threshold is increased by 3 dB and the exclusion process is repeated. Otherwise, SA without the excluded resources can be reported to the upper layer.

[0107] However, the behavior of the second wireless device after receiving the set of resources remains undefined. For example, the undefined behavior includes the resource selection procedure of the second wireless device when receiving the set of resources, the resource re-evaluation procedure of the second wireless device when receiving the set of resources, and the resource preemption check of the second wireless device when receiving the set of resources. Further, it is not defined whether the second wireless device has different behaviors depending on the content of the set of resources.

[0108] The embodiments described in this specification provide a system, method, and mechanism for utilizing inter-UE coordination messages, for example, for V2X mode 2 resource allocation. In some embodiments, a UE such as UE106 can receive an inter-UE coordination message from a coordinating UE, and the inter-UE coordination message can indicate a set of resources for the UE. When receiving an inter-UE coordination message, the behavior of the UE may depend on the category of the coordinating UE. For example, if the coordinating UE is a helper UE that transmits a set of resources for, for example, the reference of the UE, the UE can have flexibility in its resource selection procedure. As another example, if the coordinating UE is a control UE, the UE may be required to follow the set of resources indicated in the inter-UE coordination message. Further, when receiving an inter-UE coordination message, the behavior of the UE may depend on the content of the inter-UE coordination message. For example, when and / or if the inter-UE coordination message includes assistance information (such as the reason for not preferring a particular resource) along with the set of resources, the UE can have flexibility in its resource selection procedure (for example, the UE may not be limited to following the recommended resources in the inter-UE coordination message). Further, when receiving an inter-UE coordination message, the behavior of the UE may depend on the reception time of the inter-UE coordination message. For example, when and / or if the inter-UE coordination message is received within a time threshold set before a scheduled sidelink transmission, the UE may not have sufficient time to process and apply the resources in the inter-UE coordination message. Thus, the UE may not perform resource re-evaluation and / or resource preemption operations.

[0109] In some embodiments, a UE such as UE106 can receive an inter-UE coordination message that includes an indication of non-priority resources. Based on the indication indicating the non-priority resources, the UE can perform resource selection and / or resource reselection, for example, by a reevaluation procedure. For example, FIGS. 8 and 9 show block diagrams of examples of such procedures according to some embodiments. Note that the methods shown in FIGS. 8 and 9 can be used, among other devices, with each other and in combination with any of the systems, methods, or devices shown in the figures. In the embodiments described herein, note that the inter-UE coordination message may be transmitted from a coordinating UE to a UE, and the coordinating UE determines a set of resources to be indicated by the inter-UE coordination message. The set of resources is used by the UE for sidelink transmission.

[0110] Referring to FIG. 8, a block diagram of an example of a method for a UE to perform resource selection using non-priority resources indicated in an inter-UE coordination message according to some embodiments is shown. Note that the method shown in FIG. 8 can be used, among other devices, with each other and in combination with any of the systems, methods, or devices shown in the figure. In various embodiments, some of the illustrated method elements may be performed simultaneously, may be performed in an order different from that shown, or may be omitted. Additional method elements may be performed as needed. As shown in the figure, this method may operate as follows.

[0111] At 802, a UE such as UE106 may receive a set of non-priority resources from a cooperating UE via an inter-UE cooperation message. At this point, the UE may not have selected sidelink resources yet, and thus, the UE can apply the set of non-priority resources as part of the resource selection procedure. Thus, the UE can identify a set of resources within the resource selection window. Then, at 804, the UE can exclude non-priority resources from the set of resources for sidelink transmission to generate a set of candidate resources. For example, in some embodiments, the physical layer of the UE can identify a set of resources within the resource selection window (e.g., based on sensing) and send the set of resources to the MAC layer of the UE. The MAC layer can then generate a set of candidate resources, for example, by exclusion for non-priority resources. As another example, in some embodiments, the physical layer of the UE can identify a set of resources within the resource selection window (e.g., based on sensing) and receive non-priority resources from the MAC layer of the UE as indicated in the inter-UE cooperation message. The physical layer can then generate a set of candidate resources, for example, by exclusion for non-priority resources, and send the candidate resources to the MAC layer. Note that not all resources from non-priority resources are excluded from the set of resources depending on the category and / or assistance information of the first UE (e.g., RSRP of the set of resources and / or data priority of the set of resources). For example, the UE can decide not to follow all of the proposed resource selections of the first UE based on the category of the first UE. As another example, based on the assistance information, the UE can decide that non-priority resources may be preferable for the UE, for example, based on the RSRP detected by the UE. At 806, the UE can perform a random resource selection procedure on the set of candidate resources, for example, to determine a set of resources to use for sidelink communication. In at least some examples, the MAC layer can perform the random resource selection procedure.

[0112] Referring to FIG. 9, there is shown a block diagram of an example of a method for a UE to perform resource reselection using non-priority resources indicated in an inter-UE coordination message according to some embodiments. As described above, the method shown in FIG. 9 can be used in combination with any of the illustrated systems, methods, or devices, among other devices. In various embodiments, some of the illustrated method elements may be executed simultaneously, may be executed in an order different from that shown, or may be omitted. Additional method elements may be executed as necessary. As shown in the figure, this method may operate as follows.

[0113] At 902, a UE such as UE 106 may receive a set of non-priority resources from a coordinating UE via an inter-UE coordination message. The UE may already have selected a set of resources, for example, based on a previous and / or prior set of resources indicated via a previous and / or prior inter-UE coordination message. Note that in some embodiments, the UE may not have yet reserved the resources selected prior to receiving the inter-UE coordination message. In some embodiments, the UE may have reserved the resources selected prior to receiving the inter-UE coordination message. The inter-UE coordination message may include assistance information.

[0114] At 904, the UE can update the set of selected resources based on the inter-UE coordination message and whether the UE has already reserved the resources it selected. For example, if the UE has not reserved the selected resources, the UE can exclude non-priority resources from the set of selected resources to generate an updated set of resources. In other words, the UE can update the selected resources by excluding the intersection between the set of selected resources and the set of non-priority resources. Then, it should be noted that if the updated set of resources is a strict subset of the set of selected resources, the UE may trigger a resource selection procedure at 906. Furthermore, it should be noted that if assistance information is included in the inter-UE coordination message, the UE can take the assistance information into account during the exclusion process, for example, as described above. As another example, if the UE has reserved the selected resources (e.g., via SCI signaling), the UE can send the selected and reserved resources to the physical layer as well as the set of non-priority resources. Then, the physical layer can perform a preemption check on the resources selected at 906, the set of non-priority resources can be treated as reserved resources by other UEs, and the RSRP level and data priority in the relevant SCI are provided via the inter-UE coordination message.

[0115] At 906, the UE can perform a resource selection procedure on the updated set of resources to determine, for example, the set of resources to be used for sidelink communication.

[0116] In some embodiments, a UE such as UE106 may receive an inter-UE coordination message including an indication of preferred resources. Based on the indication of the preferred resources, the UE may perform resource selection and / or resource reselection, for example, by a re-evaluation procedure. For example, FIGS. 10 and 11 show block diagrams of examples of such procedures according to some embodiments. Note that the methods shown in FIGS. 10 and 11 can be used, among other devices, with each other and in combination with any of the systems, methods, or devices shown in the figures. In the embodiments described herein, note that the inter-UE coordination message may be transmitted from a coordinating UE to a UE, and the coordinating UE determines a set of resources to be indicated by the inter-UE coordination message. The set of resources is used by the UE for sidelink transmission.

[0117] Referring to FIG. 10, a block diagram of an example of a method for a UE to perform resource selection using the preferred resources indicated in an inter-UE coordination message according to some embodiments is shown. Note that the method shown in FIG. 10 can be used, among other devices, with each other and in combination with any of the systems, methods, or devices shown in the figure. In various embodiments, some of the illustrated method elements may be performed simultaneously, may be performed in an order different from that shown, or may be omitted. Additional method elements may be performed as needed. As shown in the figure, this method may operate as follows.

[0118] In 1002, a UE such as UE106 may receive a set of prioritized resources from a cooperating UE by means of an inter-UE cooperation message. At this point, the UE may not have selected sidelink resources, and thus, the UE can apply a set of non-prioritized resources as part of the resource selection procedure. Thus, the UE can identify a set of resources within the resource selection window in 1004. Thus, the UE can execute a candidate resource selection procedure based on the resource selection window to generate a set of candidate resources. In some embodiments, the physical layer of the UE can execute the resource selection procedure based on, for example, the detection (measurement) of resources at the UE. Then, in 1006, the UE can determine an interaction set of resources based on a comparison between the set of prioritized resources and the set of candidate resources. In some embodiments, the physical layer can send the set of candidate resources to the MAC layer of the UE, and the MAC layer can determine the interaction set.

[0119] At 1008, the UE can perform a resource selection procedure on the resource interaction set to determine, for example, a set of resources to use for sidelink communication. In some embodiments, if the cardinality of the resource interaction set is equal to the number of resources to be selected, the determined set of resources can be the resource interaction set. Alternatively, if the cardinality of the resource interaction set is less than the number of resources to be selected, in addition to the resource interaction set, additional resources can be randomly selected from the set of candidate resources excluding the resource interaction set until the number of resources to be selected is reached. Further, if the cardinality of the resource interaction is greater than the number of resources to be selected, the determined set of resources can be randomly selected from the resource interaction set. Alternatively, if the assistance information included in the UE - to - UE cooperation message includes the ranking of the set of priority resources, the determined set of resources can be selected in ranking order, with higher - ranked resources being selected before lower - ranked resources.

[0120] Referring to FIG. 11, a block diagram of an example of a method for a UE to perform resource re - evaluation using priority resources indicated in a UE - to - UE cooperation message according to some embodiments is shown. As described above, the method shown in FIG. 11 can be used in combination with, among other devices, any of the systems, methods, or devices shown in the figure. In various embodiments, some of the illustrated method elements may be executed simultaneously, may be executed in an order different from that shown, or may be omitted. Additional method elements may be executed as necessary. As shown in the figure, this method can operate as follows.

[0121] At 1102, a UE such as UE106 can receive a set of prioritized resources from a cooperating UE via an inter-UE coordination message. The UE may have already selected a set of resources based on, for example, a previous and / or prior set of resources indicated via a previous and / or prior inter-UE coordination message. Note that in some embodiments, the UE may not have yet reserved the resources selected prior to receiving the inter-UE coordination message. In some embodiments, the UE may have reserved the resources selected prior to receiving the inter-UE coordination message. The inter-UE coordination message can include assistance information.

[0122] At 1104, the UE can perform a resource re-evaluation and / or reselection procedure based on the set of prioritized resources. For example, the UE can treat the set of prioritized resources as the selected resources that require re-evaluation.

[0123] At 1106, the UE can select a desired number of resources from the set of prioritized resources. In some embodiments, the UE can rank the set of prioritized resources based on detection, for example, as performed by the UE. The UE can then select a desired number of the highest-ranked prioritized resources to determine, for example, the set of resources to use for sidelink communication. Alternatively, the UE can randomly select a desired number of resources from the set of prioritized resources.

[0124] FIG. 12 is a block diagram of an example of a method for utilizing an inter-UE coordination message according to some embodiments. The method shown in FIG. 12 can be used in conjunction with, among other devices, any of the systems, methods, or devices shown in the figure. In various embodiments, some of the illustrated method elements may be executed simultaneously, may be executed in an order different from that shown, or may be omitted. Additional method elements may be executed as necessary. As shown in the figure, the method can operate as follows.

[0125] At 1202, a UE such as UE106 can receive an inter-UE coordination message from a first UE. The inter-UE coordination message may include an indication of a set of resources and an indication of whether the set of resources is a priority resource or a non-priority resource.

[0126] At 1204, the UE can select resources for sidelink communication based on the set of resources indicated in the inter-UE coordination message. In other words, the UE can perform different selection processes based on the set of resources indicated in the inter-UE coordination message. Thus, for example, as further described herein, the UE can perform a first process and / or a set of processes when the set of resources is indicated as non-priority, and can perform a second process and / or a set of processes when the set of resources is indicated as priority.

[0127] In some embodiments, the UE determines resources available for sidelink communication and, when the set of resources is indicated as non-priority (e.g., via an inter-UE coordination message), can exclude at least a portion of the set of resources from the determined resources available for sidelink communication to generate a candidate resource set. In some embodiments, selecting resources for sidelink communication may include randomly selecting resources from the candidate resource set. In some embodiments, the physical layer of the UE can determine resources available for sidelink communication and send the resources available for sidelink communication to the media access control (MAC) layer of the UE. The MAC layer of the UE can generate a candidate resource set and perform the selection of resources for sidelink communication. In some embodiments, the physical layer of the UE can determine resources available for sidelink communication and receive a set of resources from the MAC layer of the UE. The physical layer of the UE can generate a candidate resource set and send the candidate resource set to the MAC layer. The MAC layer may perform the selection of resources for sidelink communication.

[0128] In some embodiments, the UE may determine resources available for sidelink communication and, if a set of resources is indicated as a priority (e.g., via an inter-UE coordination message), determine an interaction set of resources based on a comparison between the resources available for sidelink communication and the set of resources. In some embodiments, selecting resources for sidelink communication may include randomly selecting resources from the interaction set of resources. Further, if the number of resources to be selected is less than the number of resources in the interaction set of resources and the inter-UE coordination message includes an indication of the ranking of the resources in the set of resources, selecting resources for sidelink communication may include selecting resources from the interaction set of resources based on the indicated rank of the resources in the set of resources. The resources may be selected from the highest rank in descending order until the number of resources to be selected is reached. In some embodiments, the physical layer of the UE may determine resources available for sidelink communication and send the resources available for sidelink communication to the MAC layer of the UE. The MAC layer of the UE may generate the interaction set and perform the selection of resources for sidelink communication.

[0129] In some embodiments, the UE may receive an inter-UE coordination message from a first UE before reserving the selected sidelink resource. The inter-UE coordination message may include an indication of a second resource set and an indication that the second resource set is a non-preferred resource. The UE may exclude resources within the selected sidelink resource indicated as non-preferred by the second resource set based on a comparison between the selected sidelink resource and the second resource set. In some embodiments, if the second resource set is a strict subset of the selected resources, the UE may randomly select resources from the excluded resources until the number of resources required for the selection is reached. In some embodiments, if the second resource set is a strict subset of the selected resources and assistance information is provided by the first UE, the UE may select resources from the excluded resources until the number of resources required for the selection is reached, at least partially based on the assistance information. The assistance information may at least include the reference signal received power (RSRP) of each resource in the second resource set.

[0130] In some embodiments, the UE may receive an inter-UE coordination message from a first UE after reserving the selected sidelink resource. The inter-UE coordination message may include an indication of a second resource set and an indication that the second resource set is a non-preferred resource. The UE may exclude resources within the selected sidelink resource indicated as non-preferred by the second resource set based on a comparison between the selected sidelink resource and the second resource set. In some embodiments, the inter-UE coordination message may further include assistance information for the second resource set.

[0131] In some embodiments, after selecting sidelink resources, the UE may receive a second UE - to - UE coordination message from a first UE. The second UE - to - UE coordination message may include an indication of a second resource set and an indication that the second resource set is a priority resource. The UE may select resources in the second resource set based on the interference level. The resources may be selected until the number of required resources in descending rank order is reached. The UE may reserve the resources selected from the second set.

[0132] In some embodiments, after selecting sidelink resources, the UE may receive a second UE - to - UE coordination message from a first UE. The second UE - to - UE coordination message may include an indication of a second resource set and an indication that the second resource set is a priority resource. The UE may randomly select resources from the second resource set until the number of required resources is reached. The UE may reserve the resources selected from the second set.

[0133] Embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented in any of various forms. For example, some embodiments may be implemented as a computer - executed method, a computer - readable storage medium, or a computer system. Other embodiments may be implemented using one or more custom - designed hardware devices such as an ASIC. Still other embodiments may be implemented using one or more programmable hardware elements such as an FPGA.

[0134] In some embodiments, a non - transitory computer - readable memory medium may be configured to store program instructions and / or data, which, when executed by a computer system, cause the computer system to execute the method, for example, an embodiment of the method described herein, or a combination of embodiments of the method described herein, or a subset of embodiments of the method described herein, or a combination of such subsets.

[0135] In some embodiments, a device (e.g., UE 106) may be configured to include a processor (or a set of processors) and a memory medium, the memory medium stores program instructions, the processor is configured to read and execute the program instructions from the memory medium, and the program instructions are executable to implement any of the various method embodiments described herein (or any combination of the method embodiments described herein, or any subset of any of the method embodiments described herein, or any combination of such subsets). The device may be realized in any of various forms.

[0136] Any of the methods described herein for operating a user equipment (UE) can be used as a basis for a corresponding method for operating a base station by interpreting each message / signal X received by the UE in the downlink as the message / signal X transmitted by the base station and interpreting each message / signal Y transmitted by the UE in the uplink as the message / signal Y received by the base station.

[0137] Although the above embodiments have been described in considerable detail, many variations and modifications will become apparent to those skilled in the art when the above disclosure is fully understood. The following claims are intended to be construed as encompassing all such variations and modifications.

Claims

1. A method comprising: Receiving a set of priority resources from a cooperating UE; Generating a set of candidate resources; Determining an interaction set of resources from the set of priority resources and the set of candidate resources; and Performing a resource selection procedure on the interaction set of resources to determine a set of resources for use in sidelink communication with the cooperating UE. A method as described above.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein when the number of candidates in the interaction set of resources is equal to the number of resources selected via the resource selection procedure, the set of resources is the interaction set of resources.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein when the number of candidates in the interaction set of resources is less than the number of resources selected via the resource selection procedure, the set of resources includes the interaction set of resources and a number of resources randomly selected from the set of candidate resources excluding the interaction set of resources.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein when the number of candidates in the interaction set of resources is greater than the number of resources selected via the resource selection procedure, the set of resources includes resources randomly selected from the interaction set of resources.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the set of resources referred to is received via a UE-to-UE coordination message.

6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the UE-to-UE coordination message includes assistance information.

7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the assistance information includes a ranking of the set of priority resources, and performing the resource selection procedure includes selecting resources in the order of the ranking.

8. The method according to claim 7, wherein resources with a higher ranking are selected preferentially over resources with a lower ranking.

9. The method according to claim 1, wherein generating the set of candidate resources includes performing a candidate resource selection procedure.

10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the candidate resource selection procedure is based on a resource selection window. ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

11. A processor, comprising: a memory; and a processing circuit configured to communicate with the memory, the processing circuit being configured to: receive a set of priority resources from a cooperating UE; generate a set of candidate resources; determine a set of resource interactions from the set of priority resources and the set of candidate resources; and execute a resource selection procedure for the set of resource interactions to determine a set of resources for use in sidelink communication with the cooperating UE. A processor configured to perform the operations including those described above.

12. The processor according to claim 11, wherein when the number of candidates for the set of resource interactions is equal to the number of resources selected via the resource selection procedure, the set of resources is the set of resource interactions.

13. The processor according to claim 11, wherein when the number of candidates for the set of resource interactions is less than the number of resources selected via the resource selection procedure, the set of resources includes the set of resource interactions and a randomly selected number of resources from the set of candidate resources excluding the set of resource interactions.

14. The processor according to claim 11, wherein when the number of candidates for the set of resource interactions is greater than the number of resources selected via the resource selection procedure, the set of resources includes randomly selected resources from the set of resource interactions.

15. The processor according to claim 11, wherein the set of resources referred to is received via a UE - to - UE coordination message.

16. A program comprising program instructions executable by a processing circuit to perform operations, the operations including: receiving a set of priority resources from a cooperating UE; generating a set of candidate resources; determining a set of resource interactions from the set of priority resources and the set of candidate resources; and executing a resource selection procedure for the set of resource interactions to determine a set of resources for use in sidelink communication with the cooperating UE. A program including the above - described operations.

17. The program according to claim 16, wherein when the number of resources selected through the resource selection procedure is equal to the number of candidates for the resource interaction set, the set of resources is the resource interaction set.

18. The program according to claim 16, wherein when the number of candidates for the resource interaction set is less than the number of resources selected through the resource selection procedure, the set of resources includes, in addition to the resource interaction set, a number of resources randomly selected from the set of candidate resources excluding the resource interaction set.

19. The program according to claim 16, wherein when the number of candidates for the resource interaction set is greater than the number of resources selected through the resource selection procedure, the set of resources includes resources randomly selected from the resource interaction set.

20. The program according to claim 16, wherein the set of resources to be referenced is received via an inter-UE coordination message.

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